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How many molecules wide are the sharpest blades?	Obisidian blades can be mere molecules thick, the preferred tool of optometrists. I'm not sure if its the SHARPEST but it is practically impossible to not cut yourself on one Source: History of art professor, the first hand experience. [and wikipedia as source](_URL_0_) Edit: as others pointed out its actually Ophtha...	[ "Saw blades come in many different thicknesses and the choice of blade will depend on the material being sawn and nature of the work being done. For very fine delicate work, and for cutting very thin material use a finer blade, and for general purpose cutting a heavier blade. Saw blades have a range of sizes, from ...
how is it possible to have a hole in your heart, and not die of internal bleeding?	Its not an expression, it is literally referring to a hole somewhere in the heart that there isn't supposed to be. Now bear in mind this doesn't mean there's a hole straight through the heart, or that the hole leads to the exterior of the heart. What it usually entails is that there is a defect in the walls that separa...	[ "When there are holes in the septum that divide the four chambers of the heart the oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood mix this creates more stress on the heart to pump blood to where oxygen is needed. As a result, you get enlargement of the heart, heart failure (being unable to adequately supply body with need...
Is there a scientific reason that the hexagon is 'nature's shape'?	Hexagons represent the shape with the lowest possible energy when nested / packed. If you imagine a soap bubble, it pulls itself into a sphere for the same reason - the sphere is the least possible surface area which contains the maximum volume - the lowest energy shape. If you subsequently nest soap bubbles together...	[ "Very similar to the Spiral Chart, the Hexagon Chart is also a matrix of consecutive natural numbers, but the difference is that it starts with 0 in the central point, and the numbers spiral out in the form of a hexagon instead a square. The spiral direction in Gann's original course is also counterclockwise, becau...
how do airlines know the exact departure and arrival times for flights months out in advance?	Plane routes don't change often. The same flight goes from NYC to LA everyday and comes back everyday. To do the same thing tomorrow. Pretty much only time schedules change is when some airline starts a new route. Or shuts down a route	[ "Time of arrival (ToA, also time of flight) is the amount of time a signal takes to propagate from transmitter to receiver. Because the signal propagation rate is constant and known (ignoring differences in mediums) the travel time of a signal can be used to directly calculate distance. Multiple measurements can be...
why are all of our fingers different lengths?	[I made a quick video to answer your question](_URL_0_) If you prefer reading here is what I ran over: - That it's due to evolution, we need it to improve our grip. We started using tools millions of years ago and we need the grip to use them! We still need the grip to date obviously, for items such as pens, tools an...	[ "In the classical Akkadian Empire system instituted in about 2250 BC during the reign of Naram-Sin, the finger was one-thirtieth of a cubit length. The cubit was equivalent to approximately 497 mm, so the finger was equal to about 17 mm. Basic length was used in architecture and field division. \n", "The digit or...
What did Lucifer, as a Roman God, represented for the people of Rome?	Lucifer was not a Roman god.	[ "In the Middle Ages, the Cathars, practitioners of a dualistic religion, were accused of worshipping Satan by the Catholic Church. Pope Gregory IX stated in his work \"Vox in Rama\" that the Cathars believed that God had erred in casting Lucifer out of heaven and that Lucifer would return to reward his faithful. On...
Plate Tectonics on Venus	Interesting explanation here: _URL_0_ Essentially, it doesn't have Earth like plate tectonics because it's too hot. It's a definitions issue, not a process one.	[ "BULLET::::- The typical signs of terrestrial plate tectonics - continental drift and basin floor spreading - are not evident on Venus. The planet's tectonics is dominated by a system of global rift zones and numerous broad, low domical structures called coronae, produced by the upwelling and subsidence of magma fr...
why do anesthetic needles hurt so much when numbing a nerve?	Because they fairly directly poke the nerve (or very close to it) before injecting. Poking a nerve directly tends to hurt.	[ "Local anesthetic toxicity is indicated by numbness and tingling around the mouth, metallic taste, or ringing in the ears. Additionally, this may lead to seizures, arrhythmias, and may progress to cardiac arrest. This reaction may stem from an allergy, excessive dose, or intravascular injection. Other complications...
why do addicts of hard drugs tend to lose many of their teeth?	Drug addicts don't typically have the best hygiene. Depending on the drug of choice, they may have no appetite and end up malnourished.	[ "The intense desire to recapture the initial high is what is so addictive for many users. On the other hand, Reinarman et al. wrote that the nature of crack addiction depends on the social context in which it is used and the psychological characteristics of users, pointing out that many heavy crack users can go for...
Why are bike wheels so big?	It is partly because mechanically it offers the opportunity of higher road speeds on a pedal bike without having to pedal furiously or without the need of excessive gearing. Also, larger wheels traditionally were used before bike had suspension to try to smooth out the uneven roads that bikes were used on when they wer...	[ "Following the growing trend in 29-inch wheels, there have been other trends in the mountain biking community involving tire size. One of the more prevalent is the new, somewhat esoteric and exotic 650B (27.5 inch) wheelsize, based on the obscure wheel size for touring road bikes. Some riders prefer to have a large...
why do public women's toilets have lids if they're never going to be lifted up?	Standard parts for efficient manufacturing.	[ "Toilet seats often have a lid. This lid is frequently left open. It can be closed to prevent small items from falling in, to reduce odors, for aesthetic purposes or to provide a chair in the toilet room. Some people also close the lid to prevent the spread of aerosols on flushing (\"toilet plume\").\n", "BULLET:...
what is isis trying to accomplish with the beheading incidents and how do they release the videos?	ISIS believes that they can punish the US for conducting air strikes against itself, by executing American citizens who are so unfortunate as to fall into their hands, and that when America sees that it has been punished for its crimes, it will feel suitably remorseful and will then refrain from its criminal activities...	[ "In addition to beheading videos, ISIS has released videos of their members doing nonviolent acts. For example, Imran Awan described one such instance in his article \"Cyber-Extremism: Isis and the Power of Social Media\" where one video showed members of the Islamic State were seen helping people and visiting hosp...
how do frogs, toads and other amphibians know how and where to find new bodies of water?	Amphibians explore and migrate during cool moist weather. They can cover a lot of distance that way, especially if they can find damp places to take shelter in between stages of their journey. Most animals (including us) are also perfectly capable of smelling water from a good distance. Wind blowing across a body of w...	[ "The first \"Brachycephalus\" species was identified in 1824, but most of the frog species were discovered since the year 2000. The discovery of new frog species is difficult. Field work requires climbing steep mountain trails to the sites where the frogs live.\n", "The frog was originally discovered by Dr. Willi...
How easy was to get new identity and "vanish" at the end of WW2?	Follow up: If there were people that did this and were caught, what would the punishment be?	[ "That list has been adapted in that the persons who simply disappeared after the war, who were eliminated by the resistance during the war or who committed suicide before being convicted, have been taken off the list.\n", "The surnames of those noted lost in the First World War are Lacey, Hind, Middleton, Herapat...
how effective medical marijuana is. is it actually useful compared to other meds? or is it just used to get people to see the good side to marijuana	Hey! I have Crohn's disease, which is essentially a disease of the gastrointestinal system that has varying effects on the people afflicted. For me, when my Crohn's "flares" as my wife calls it, I am unable to properly digest anything. As a result, I have severe diarrhea, stomach cramps, and a loss of appetite. These s...	[ "In 2003, the American Academy of Ophthalmology released a position statement stating that cannabis was not more effective than prescription medications. Furthermore, no scientific evidence has been found that demonstrates increased benefits and/or diminished risks of cannabis use to treat glaucoma compared with th...
To what extent can parents' DNA be reverse-engineered from their child's DNA?	research engineer here: A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of genes in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. As the human genome consists of two homologous sets of chromosomes, understanding the true genetic makeup of an individual requires delineation of the maternal and paternal copie...	[ "The replication of damaged DNA before cell division can lead to the incorporation of wrong bases opposite damaged ones. Daughter cells that inherit these wrong bases carry mutations from which the original DNA sequence is unrecoverable (except in the rare case of a back mutation, for example, through gene conversi...
If you shine a white light through a blue filter, does it actually change the wavelength of the color?	Filters remove certain colors from the light beam. White light has all the colors mixed together: the blue filter removes everything but blue. If the color isn't there to begin with, the filter can't add it. You can test this by getting a red laser pointer (which is only red) and shining it through a colored liq...	[ "The filter on a colorimeter must be set to red if the liquid is blue. The size of the filter initially chosen for the colorimeter is extremely important, as the wavelength of light that is transmitted by the colorimeter has to be same as that absorbed by the substance.\n", "The blue filter is centered around 450...
Do certain activities increase/decrease brain activity during sleep?	One of the main functions of sleep and dreaming is to consolidate (new) memories and reorganise the brain's neural architecture accordingly. Because of this, dream experience seems to have a strong relation with what you have experienced and encoded in waking life. It is not entirely clear if there are reliable caus...	[ "The function of sleep is not fully understood; however, there is evidence that sleep enhances the clearance of metabolic waste products, some of which are potentially neurotoxic, from the brain and may also permit repair. Evidence suggests that the increased clearance of metabolic waste during sleep occurs via inc...
how do you enter a gas giant?	> but is there a uniform boundary or is it just Space and then the planet kinda just "starts"? Atmospheres tail off roughly exponentially as you go up in height. Earth's does too - there's no sharp "you're suddenly in space" line for Earth, either.	[ "Within the gas giant is the Helix, a Suliban aggregate structure composed of hundreds of Suliban ships, which the \"Enterprise\" crew scan to find Klaang. Using the grappler, \"Enterprise\" successfully grabs an attacking Suliban ship, the pilot ejecting. After studying the captured ship and its controls, Archer a...
what does the f/stop in a camera do?	Building on the other two responses... The F/stop works with the shutter speed to get the appropriate amount of light on the film. The smaller the F/stop number, the more light is being let in at once, and the larger fraction on the shutter speed, the longer time the light is allowed to reach the film. So if you tur...	[ "The stop-down lever at the right-hand camera front also operates the self-timer. Pushing the lever towards the lens activates the stop down match-needle meter, while pulling in the opposite direction winds the timer. As with the Canon FX and FP, the camera back is opened turning a key at the base. The film speed i...
Is there such a thing as space coordinates?	There aren't any absolute coordinates in the universe. However, you can broadcast our location relative other parts of the universe. For example, if you wanted to send a message within our [local group](_URL_1_), such as communicating our location to a civilization in the Andromeda galaxy, you could send our galaxy's l...	[ "Coordinates systems are often used to specify the position of a point, but they may also be used to specify the position of more complex figures such as lines, planes, circles or spheres. For example, Plücker coordinates are used to determine the position of a line in space. When there is a need, the type of figur...
What is the probability of a couple having identical non-twins?	Here's [my answer](_URL_0_) to this question from about a month ago. The figures I give are for the probability of being unrelated (or rather of being substantially less related than the expectation), but the calculation is symmetric, so those probabilities are the same for the other half of the distribution. It's not...	[ "More generally, it applies to any exchangeable sequence—it only relies on the fact that for any pair, 01 and 10 are \"equally\" likely: for independent trials, these have probabilities formula_105, while for an exchangeable sequence the probability may be more complicated, but both are equally likely.\n", "Addit...
why do people stand along roads holding signs to promote sales of some stores? (e.g. furniture stores, stores going out of business, etc.,.) is there a law against posting signs?	Generally yes it is illegal in many towns to post signs and flyers because no one ever removes the signs later and they usually become trash in the streets, but that is not why they do it. They do it because people like you notice them. How many signs and posters do you stop to read that are posted to telephone poles a...	[ "There have often been complaints about road signs and infrastructure not being up to date in some parts of the country, with a traffic report in 2008 disclosing that local governments in many cases have not addressed damaged, vanished or outdated road regulatory signs. In Lahore alone, the report estimated that at...
how / why water goes "bad" when you leave it out but is fine in bottles?	Actually, water in plastic bottles CAN and does go bad (look at the expiration date!) Exposed water will have dust settle in it, it will have smells and other floating stuff fall in to it, etc. Bacteria might get in it and start to multiply. Bottled water will stay fresher longer, but since plastic does have very sma...	[ "Reusable bottles can hold bacteria. Drinking from a reusable bottle can transfer bacteria from a person's mouth to the beverage it contains, which can contaminate both bottle and water. Contamination can cause bacterial or fungal growth in the liquid while it's stored. It is recommend that users clean reusable dri...
why does a doughnut get nice and fluffy after 20 seconds in the microwave but hard after 40 seconds?	Microwaves act by making water molecules bounce around faster (increasing its kinetics) The energy from this movement is released through the form of heat and it is dispersed evenly through the body of what you are heating. If you overdo it you just completely dry out the object of the microwaves. Your doughnut ...	[ "The production of puff pastry dough can be time-consuming, because it must be kept at a temperature of approximately 16 °C (60 °F) to keep shortening from becoming runny, and must rest in between folds to allow gluten strands time to link up and thus retain layering.\n", "Many people believe it was the Dutch who...
why do i have horrendous farts after a night of drinking?	You have bugs in your stomach that like to eat carbohydrates. When they eat they produce gas. Alcohol contains carbs. The diarrhea is probably a side effect of not eating as well as you should while drinking. If this happens every time you drink, you should see a doctor.	[ "After drinking it, the person will get cramps and loose motion are caused which ultimately will clean the bowels. This was a primitive method for purging and treating intestinal cleansing as well as worms. Now this practice is almost given up owing to access to health facility of allopathic medicines and lethargy ...
how are digital devices functional in an mri room? how do they operate the mri in that strong magnetic field?	For the most part, magnetic fields are not as bad to electronics as people would lead you to believe. Specifically, magnetism isn't an important thing in the operation of electronics, and it doesn't somehow stop them from working. Really traditional hard drives are the only thing in a modern computer that has any meani...	[ "An MRI gantry remains fixed, and contains strong electromagnets and radio receivers that manipulate hydrogen atoms in the human body via proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The machine then receives and processes the signals given off by the hydrogen atoms in order to produce a 3D image of the interior of the patie...
Stem Cells for Rejuvenation	Cells from your body (eg your skin) can be manipulated and turned into [induced pluripotent stem cells](_URL_1_). These cells are, in theory, stem cells that can become any other type of cell in your body. Under the proper conditions, they can be induced to become neurons, blood cells, or any other cell type. In the...	[ "Under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. Self-renewal conditions must prevent the cells from clumping and maintain an environment that supports an unspecialized state. Typically this is done in the lab with media containing serum and leu...
when an app crashes and i send a report, what exactly does that do, and how is it used?	It tells the developer that the app has crashed, first of all. But it can also tell the developer what you were doing, what screen you were viewing, what data you were using, what route you took to get to that screen, and so on. All of this can help fix the bug. Obviously the developer needs to know what screen you'r...	[ "Crash Reporting creates detailed reports of the errors in the app. Errors are grouped into clusters of similar stack traces and triaged by the severity of impact on app users. In addition to automatic reports, the developer can log custom events to help capture the steps leading up to a crash. Before acquiring Cra...
Why do trash cans smell even after they've been washed?	I can only speak in generalities -- but I think it's pretty reasonable that those smell molecules have simply diffused into the plastic. At the molecular level, the plastic will be quite porous.	[ "Some types of cans may have interior coatings containing chemicals such as Bisphenol A. Reusing containers originally holding paints and other types of chemicals may be injurious to the health of the user if the can is not properly cleaned and decontaminated.\n", "Similarly, trash cans that are used inside and t...
why does closing a credit card account hurt your credit?	Actually, to build great credit you want to have as much available credit (and debt) as possible. Your credit score is a reflection of how trustworthy you are with credit. It's based on how reliably you pay off your debt, not how little debt you have. If you have a lot of credit cards, you use them all, and y...	[ "A simple solution to this problem is to call the credit card company, request a new card with a different account number, and cancel the previous account. They will transfer the debt amount from the old account to the new account. This makes companies that have the credit card information unable to continue chargi...
why aren't there bigger pushes to abandon the political party system?	Originally there were no parties. Like- minded individuals formed parties organically. If they got rid of the current parties the only thing that would happen is new ones would form, officially or othrwise it doesn't matter.	[ "By-elections can be crucial when the ruling party has only a small majority. In parliamentary systems, party discipline is often so strong that the governing party can only lose a vote of no confidence after losing enough by-elections for it to become a minority government. Examples are the Labour government of Ja...
where does energy go in a short-circuited battery?	It all turns into heat. Short out a battery, and it'll heat up and get warm, hot, or even on fire. All batteries have internal resistance. That is to say, the inside of the battery isn't superconducting. So even if you had a superconducting wire shorting the battery, it would still get hot.	[ "A secondary cell, commonly referred to as a \"rechargeable battery\" is an electrochemical cell that can be run as both a galvanic cell or as an electrolytic cell. This is used as a convenient way to store electricity, when current flows one way the levels of one or more chemicals build up (charging), while it is ...
why does falling down hurt more/ longer when you get older	As you get older, you get taller. As you get taller, more of your body gets farther away from the ground. As they get farther from the ground, they have farther to fall. Knock a three year old over. Then hold that same three year old up to where his head is level with yours and drop him. Don't actually do that unle...	[ "Falls in older adults are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and are an important class of preventable injuries. The cause of falling in old age is often multifactorial, and may require a multidisciplinary approach both to treat any injuries sustained and to prevent future falls. Falls include dropping...
why are salmon from the pacific prone to parasites while salmon from the atlantic safe to eat raw?	I don't believe this is actually a thing? Atlantic Salmon also frequently have warnings put out about parasite risks. [The NHS publishes warnings in the UK](_URL_0_) about it. Now you can get sushi-grade fish, of course, but that's fish that has been flash frozen to kill any potential parasites in the fish. That can ...	[ "Many Atlantic salmon escape from cages at sea. Those salmon that further breed tend to lessen the genetic diversity of the species leading to lower survival rates, and lower catch rates. On the West Coast of North America, the non-native salmon could be an invasive threat, especially in Alaska and parts of Canada....
how can a spinning top stay upright while it's rotating?	When something spins, it has inertia just like an automobile and just like an automobile, it is very easy to move it in certain directions in respect to the direction of the movement and difficult in other directions. The trick is that with a top, the inertia isn't all in one direction, it is in all directions along a ...	[ "When a tippe top is spun at a high angular velocity, its stem slowly tilts downwards more and more until it suddenly lifts the body of the spinning top off the ground, with the stem now pointing downward. Eventually, as the top's spinning rate slows, it loses stability and eventually topples over, like an ordinary...
does my breastmilk have healthier properties if i eat healthier food?	Regarding healthy and unhealthy fats: generally speaking: the membranes of your cells always feflect the stuff you eat. Of course the body has its own fattyacid metabolism and can contribute here. but regarding the fats the general rule applies: you are what you eat. On the other hand: the milk you produce contains sti...	[ "The increasing trend to enrich foods with polyunsaturated acyl groups entails the potential risk of enriching the food with some OαβUAs at the same time, as has already been detected in some studies carried out in 2007. PUFA-fortified foods available on the market have been increasing since epidemiological and cli...
is it possible to have a mind like sherlock holmes?	That doesn't really happen in the BBC series so much. Deductive reasoning is a real thing. I'm sure you're not seriously asking if you can slow down time with your mind though.	[ "Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson find themselves in a university town when a tutor and lecturer of St Luke's College, Mr. Hilton Soames, brings him an interesting problem. Soames had been reviewing the galley proofs of an exam he was going to give when he left his office for an hour. When he returned, he found that ...
Did any groups still cling to the Roman deities after the fall of Rome?	The Roman Empire was of course not entirely Christian by the end of the fifth century, but it was pretty close. Pagans were never wiped out, but pretty much all our sources for this period and later were written by Christians, so we can't be entirely sure if they are accurate in their accounts of surviving pagans or no...	[ "After some 1200 years of independence and nearly 700 years as a great power, the rule of Rome in the West ended. Various reasons for Rome's fall have been proposed ever since, including loss of Republicanism, moral decay, military tyranny, class war, slavery, economic stagnation, environmental change, disease, the...
How did the ancient Romans think of what we today call race?	Some previous answers to this question while we wait for any further answers: from /u/cleopatra_philopater - _URL_3_ And another from cleopatra_philopater with further links to the origins of race perception -_URL_0_ From /u/medieval_pants - _URL_2_ And some consolidated links from the FAQ - _URL_1_	[ "The modern concept of race emerged as a product of the colonial enterprises of European powers from the 16th to 18th centuries which identified race in terms of skin color and physical differences. This way of classification would have been confusing for people in the ancient world since they did not categorize ea...
Can someone explain the dark trail in front of a plane in the sky?	It's the contrail creating a shadow in the low haze. _URL_0_	[ "A flash of light is seen, accompanied by severe turbulence, although the captain thinks it might be something else. There is no apparent damage to the aircraft. Still unable to contact anyone on the ground, and at the risk of potential collision with other aircraft, Farver finally decides to descend below the clou...
When an atom emits a photon, is it one blob of energy shot out like a bullet? Or is it a radiating wavefront coming from any one side of the atom? Or does the wave carry in a full sphere around the atom? Does the nucleus cause an eclipse?	The photon at atomic scales can be thought of like a blob of energy, representing an excitation in the [discrete nature of the electromagnetic field](_URL_0_). It's only at larger scales that light appears to behave like a classical wavefront.	[ "If a single photon approaches an atom which is receptive to it, the photon can be absorbed by the atom in a manner very similar to a radio wave being picked up by an aerial. At the moment of absorption the photon ceases to exist and the total energy contained within the atom increases. This increase in energy is u...
Why were siege engines not used more often in ancient times?	Siege engines were expensive in terms of expertise to design, materials to gather for construction and (for some types) ammunition, time to build, and men to operate. They were also difficult to move and ranges were limited. [This interview with Peter Vemming](_URL_1_) discusses his work recreating a 22-ton trebuchet t...	[ "Siege engines are fairly large constructions—from the size of a small house to a large building. From antiquity up to the development of gunpowder, they were made largely of wood, using rope or leather to help bind them, possibly with a few pieces of metal at key stress points. They could launch simple projectiles...
For a typical box fan, does the air move because the blades "push" it or because of the Bernoulli Effect?	Fan blades work the same way screws work. As the blade turns about it's axis, the pitch of the blades forces air to move in the direction of the fan's axis (as well as spinning with the fan, but that's irrelevant here). Bernoilli's principle is just a way of expressing conservation of energy in a flow of fluid, so it ...	[ "The air flows through the channel in the pedestal of the fan when the motor is turned on. After that, the air flows through the hollow tube. Then the air is shot out through 16-mm slits. This air flows smoothly, rather than turbulently as with a traditional fan (fan with blades). The curvature of the inner wall of...
why does depression increase a lot when you happen to fall in love ?	From personal experience, depression seems to happen because the brain is focused on itself and it’s perception of itself from an outside perspective. Falling in love with someone is heavily emotional and depends largely on how the person you are in love with treats you. A depressed brain heavily relies on positive val...	[ "Depression can lead to a high increase of unemployment. It is more likely a balance sheet recession can cause depression. \"Due to falling asset prices and bank losses, this has a large impact on economic activity\".\n", "In addition to the loss of a relationship with a loved one, conflict has also been suggeste...
why is lemmy such a big deal?	First off, I hate Motorhead. However, most metal fans and musicians loved the band. They had a unique sound forged in the early days of metal. Lemmy was the front man and only consistent member of the band. He was an icon. Oh, and [Lemmy was God.](_URL_0_)	[ "Lemmy wanted the music to be \"fast and vicious, just like the MC5\". His stated aim was to \"concentrate on very basic music: loud, fast, city, raucous, arrogant, paranoid, speedfreak rock n roll ... it will be so loud that if we move in next door to you, your lawn will die\". He recruited guitarist Larry Wallis ...
what effects do electronic devices, wi-fi, electromagnetic fields, etc. really have on human health?	To date, there is no proof that there is any effect whatsoever. Doesn't mean that it's impossible, though.	[ "Most studies have been unable to demonstrate any link to health effects, or have been inconclusive. Electromagnetic fields may have an effect on protein expression in laboratory settings but have not yet been demonstrated to have clinically significant effects in real-world settings. The World Health Organization ...
the fda and its role in tobacco regulation	I'm not knowledgeable on this subject, but I think the ATF (Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms) regulates tobacco, not the FDA.	[ "The FDA's authority to regulate came from the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). The FDA argued that nicotine was a \"drug\" and cigarettes and smokeless tobacco are \"devices\" that deliver nicotine to the body within the meaning of the FDCA. Congress had enacted a number of tobacco-specific laws after the FDCA...
how can manure/hay self combust in hot temperatures even though they're nowhere near 200+ degrees celsius?	hay is more than just dried grass... it’s actually undergone a natural curing process which locks in nutrients and makes it keep better. This happens because grass doesn’t die the moment it’s been mowed...its cells (and certain microbes on it) continue to respire, and this creates some heat. now imagine this grass is...	[ "Hay baled before it is fully dry can produce enough heat to start a fire. Haystacks produce internal heat due to bacterial fermentation. If hay is stacked with wet grass, the heat produced can be sufficient to ignite the hay causing a fire. Farmers have to be careful about moisture levels to avoid spontaneous comb...
i have acid reflux. what is happening inside of my body that makes it feel like i am softly belching molten lava?	You are burping up a strong stomach acid and while your stomach has a protective lining, your throath has not. The acid is corroding your throath and that feels like belching molten lava.	[ "During an episode of acid reflux, small amounts of stomach acid may manage to escape from the stomach and into the oesophagus. Typically, gravity minimises this upward leakage but combining an inversion table and acid reflux can be a painful, nauseating, and potentially dangerous combination.\n", "This stage is ...
Physiology Blood type question, how can universal recipient receive any type of blood and universal donor can donate to any blood type without the transfused blood cells being attacked and destroyed?	Blood type describes the type of antigens (structures used in immune system response) found on a person’s red blood cells. The letters (A, B, & O) refer to sugar-based antigens. There are A antigens and B antigens. We use type O to refer to blood cells with neither A or B antigens. The plus/minus (Rh D) refers to a p...	[ "The donor's blood type must be determined if the blood will be used for transfusions. The collecting agency usually identifies whether the blood is type A, B, AB, or O and the donor's Rh (D) type and will screen for antibodies to less common antigens. More testing, including a crossmatch, is usually done before a ...
What would happen if a soldier in the U.S. military from the south, was stationed in the north during the start of the civil war, but he support the confederacy and wanted to go fight for them? Would he be arrested or allowed to leave?	Fun fact, only officers really defected to the Confederacy. I am aware of no rank and file soldier defecting after secession, and even if one or two did, there was no mass exodus out of the Regular Army. Thats important, because Officers were held to a different standard. Firstly, many of the men who became prominent ...	[ "Hylan Benton Lyon (February 22, 1836 – April 25, 1907) was a career officer in the United States Army until the start of the American Civil War, when he resigned rather than fight against the South. As a Confederate brigadier general, he led a daring cavalry raid into Kentucky in December 1864, in which his troops...
what is the difference between a president, a chancellor, and a prime minister?	It varies from nation to nation. In general, many nations have both a head of government and a head of state. In the Westminster system (UK, Canada, Australia), the Prime Minister is the head of the government and is in charge of all executive policy. The prime minister and other government ministers are also often, b...	[ "The Chancellor is the head of government and the most influential figure in German day-to-day politics, as well as the head of the Federal Cabinet, consisting of ministers appointed by the Federal President on the Chancellor's suggestion. While every minister governs his or her department autonomously, the Chancel...
why are there so many fake movie trailers trending on youtube?	Majority of them are getting tricked, it's like people watching those GTA 6 videos. The people posting them do it on purpose for views, this one guy had practically made a living by making videos like "Rockstar accidentally sent me GTA 6!" If you throw some ads on you can make some pretty easy money	[ "Over the years, there have been many instances where trailers give misleading representations of their films. They may give the impression that a celebrity who only has a minor part in the film is one of the main cast members, or advertising a film as being more action-packed than it is. These tricks are usually d...
What was life like in Rome's provinces? How different would life be in a province compared to Rome itself?	This is a very, very vast and complicated question. Not only does the meaning of what a province actually is change considerably over the course of Roman history, but the provinces themselves have an internal history and considerable variation, from Britannia to Egypt or Baetica to Syria. There can be more variation ...	[ "Each Roman province comprised a number of communities of different status. Alongside Roman colonies or \"municipia\", whose residents held the Roman citizenship or Latin citizenship, a province was largely formed by self-governing communities of natives (\"peregrini\"), which were distinguished according to the le...
why does gravity influence objects with larger mass, even though they're farther away, more than those with smaller mass	The thing with space station is not that they're so far away or anything. If you build a tower as high as to reach ISS, you would experience about 90% of normal surface gravity on top of that building. You would not float, things would fall down almost as fast as on Earth. The difference is that on ISS, people are on ...	[ "The distinction between mass and weight is unimportant for many practical purposes because the strength of gravity does not vary too much on the surface of the Earth. In a uniform gravitational field, the gravitational force exerted on an object (its weight) is directly proportional to its mass. For example, objec...
what are the differences between the electricity in the usa vs. europe.	Europe uses a 220 volt system, whereas the United States uses a 110 volt system. The 220 volt system is just more powerful, but can also be more dangerous if you are shocked by it.	[ "As a whole, the European Union currently generates 11% of its electricity using cogeneration, saving Europe an estimated 35 Mtoe per annum. However, there are large differences between the member states, with energy savings ranging from 2% to 60%. Europe has the three countries with the world's most intensive coge...
how are new data points created in a video such that a video filmed in 30 fps can be viewed at 60 fps?	Interpolation is a process where a display unit (TV/Monitor) takes two frames and puts them together (similar to an "average") to generate an extra frame in the middle. By inserting an extra frame between each one that was recorded, you effectively double the frames per second and can bring 30 to 60.	[ "Some teams use digital video cameras to record the pass, and then review frame-by-frame to develop an estimate of distance, but the traditional frame rate of 30 frames per second (FPS) can present a problem in that it is unlikely to capture a frame of the exact moment the returning dog breaches the plane of the st...
If a Tsunami is coming inland would it be better to attempt to go upward into skyscraper, or try to go inland?	That depends on your location on the beach, the structural integrity of the beach-side buildings and the size of the tsunami. Most tsunami travel a fairly short distance once beached, think of how quickly a big wave stops when walking on sand. The flooding can reach 300 meters or more from the coastline, the average ...	[ "Tsunamis, potentially enormous waves often caused by earthquakes, have great erosional and sediment-reworking potential. They may strip beaches of sand that may have taken years to accumulate and may destroy trees and other coastal vegetation. Tsunamis are also capable of flooding hundreds of meters inland past th...
richard the lionheart. how did brits know what lions were if at that point they had never been to africa?	> If Brits didn't go to Africa until like the 17/1800s, why did they call Richard the first Richard the lionheart? Here's your problem - this is untrue. It's true that there was less travel back then... but there was travel. Don't forget the Crusades were on during this time... which I believe is where Richard ea...	[ "British Lions were a short-lived British rock band, together from 1977 to 1980, with former members of Mott and Medicine Head. They released just two studio albums with little commercial success in the UK.\n", "The British Lions toured South Africa a number of times. Despite officially being South African tours,...
Historic Document Translation?	You are correct, it means 'ditto' It shows up very commonly in passenger and freight manifests for ships. Other things said would be 'same', 'above', 'SAA', a single or double quotation mark or a carrot. Source: Pg 4, [Immigration Research Guide from _URL_0_](_URL_1_)	[ "Translation history concerns the history of translators as a professional and social group, as well as the history of translations as indicators of the way cultures develop, interact, and may die. Some principles for translation history have been proposed by Lieven D'hulst and Pym. Major projects in translation hi...
why do so many apps require sign-up these days?	They require this information so they or their partners can send you marketing information based on what you so on you phone, where you are, what time it is, etc. If you want to use these apps most of the time you don't have a choice. Some of the app owners may also sell on the information they gather from you.	[ "A new single sign-on implementation known as \"Sign in with Apple\" was implemented, allowing users to create accounts with third-party services with a minimal amount of information. Users have the option to generate a disposable email address for each site, improving privacy, anonymity, and further reduces the am...
Why were there so many different names for the ancient greeks? Lacedemonians, hellenes, etc...	In the Classical period, there is only one name for the Greeks: hoi Hellênes, the people of Hellas. There were, however, numerous ways to refer to the Greeks in earlier times. In the works of Homer, the most common name for the Greeks is hoi Akhaioi, the Achaeans; this may have been an archaising way to refer to t...	[ "In the classical period, the generic term for Greeks was \"Hellenes\", echoing the Hesiodic foundation story in which Hellen was the founder of the Greek race. However, in the \"Iliad\", \"Hellenes\" is restricted to those inhabitants of \"Hellas\", a region in Thessaly. There were therefore at least two different...
Why don't Americans eat very much sheep?	Hi, not discouraging further contributions here, but you may be interested in some previous threads on sheep in the USA * [If sheep were so numerous and popular in medieval times, why do we use so few sheep products now? What happened to the sheep?](_URL_0_), with a few follow-on comments here [Why do I not eat mutton...	[ "Since the 1960s, per capita consumption of lamb and mutton declined from nearly 5 pounds to just about 1 pound, due to competition from poultry, pork, beef, and other meats. Since the 1990s, U.S. sheep operations declined from around 105,000 to around 80,000 due to shrinking revenues and low rates of return. Accor...
how was the chris hanson predator show not entrapment?	Entrapment involves inducing someone to commit a crime they otherwise would not be inclined to carry out. For example threatening someone to get them to buy drugs. However posing as a drug dealer and arresting those attempting to buy drugs is not entrapment, as people not inclined to illegally purchase drugs would not ...	[ "On 5 September 1997, the Court of Appeal gave Howard Hughes leave to appeal against his conviction for the abduction, rape and murder of Sophie Hook. Six months later he sparked further outrage by launching a £50,000 compensation claim against the Bryn Estyn children's home, where he claimed he was abused as a chi...
why does reddit have such a bad reputation amongst non-redditors	a lot of the big things reddit gets known for (the events that blow up) paint reddit in a bad light. The most popular probably is the witch hunt on the wrong guy for the Boston bombings, which made reddit look extremely racist. The other is the nazi flag on the front page (which is still the 6th most upvoted thing of a...	[ "Reddit's users tend to be more privacy-conscious than on other websites, often using tools like AdBlock and proxies, and they dislike \"feeling manipulated by brands\" but respond well to \"content that begs for intelligent viewers and participants.\" Lauren Orsini writes in ReadWrite that \"Reddit's huge communit...
what action could navient take if all borrowers stopped paying our student loans?	I am sure there would be instant penalties for late payment. The borrowers would eventually have to pay extra interest. The debts are legal. Their manner of operation was not fair. If all the borrowers stopped paying the worth of the company would increase due to expected increased future revenue. The company is good ...	[ "Defaulting on student loans can also end in a lawsuit. The government and private lenders can sue in order to collect on loans. There is no time limit on suing to collect on federal student loans, and the borrower can be sued indefinitely. Private student loans, in most cases, are subject to statute of limitations...
Hello. I would like to expand my knowledge about the general history of Europe	Hi! Glad you're taking an interest in history. SO, you like Europe but don't know where to start. I'll give you a good list to get started but we have to cover two things first: Historical Interpretation and Historiography. History isn't an exact retelling of the past, instead, it is an argument about the past; this i...	[ "BULLET::::- The Reconstruction of Europe: A Sketch of the Diplomatic and Military History of Continental Europe, from the Rise to the Fall of the Second French Empire by Harold Murdock, John Fiske; Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1889\n", "BULLET::::- Robinson, James Harvey, and Charles Austin Beard. \"Readings i...
how old is the notion of the political party?	Many of the answers that have been given focus on the machinery of the modern political party, but the question is about the notion of the political party, which is rather different. As with many of the central ideas of modern liberal-democratic politics, this concept can be traced, broadly speaking, to 17th and 18th...	[ "The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Pa...
Why did the pikemen of the Hellenistic phalanxes carry shields, while the medieval European pikemen didn't?	I don't know a ton about ancient pikemen, but as for the Swiss: The massive pikes they used required two hands to use effectively, but that still could have allowed the use of a small shield. The Swiss pike formation adopted very aggressive tactics - the goal was to use a combination of speed, surprise, and shock to o...	[ "Such deep pike columns could crush lesser infantry in close combat and were invulnerable to the effects of a cavalry charge, but they were vulnerable to firearms if they could be immobilized (as seen in the Battle of Marignano). The Swiss mercenaries did deploy bows, crossbows, handguns and artillery of their own,...
Who is the current "Lineal Champion" of military history?	I don't think this is answerable (even if it didn't break the rules). The greatest military minds in history are by definition generals who performed exceptionally well. They won wars after wars, beat all those around them, and by these feats are labelled as exceptional military leaders. In this sense they are conside...	[ "Among memorable field leaders of the army were Nathaniel Lyon (first Union general to be killed in battle during the war), William Rosecrans, George Henry Thomas and William Tecumseh Sherman. Others, of lesser competence, included Benjamin F. Butler.\n", "By some historians he is considered the most effective ge...
why does the federal reserve pay interest to banks? what is the impact of this?	It's the other way around: the banks pay interest to the Federal Reserve Bank on money they borrow from the FRB. A higher rate on those loans makes it more expensive for banks to borrow money, which makes those banks charge more for loans (discouraging borrowers) or be more cautious about the loans they make.	[ "The United States Federal Reserve System lends money to eligible commercial institution called discount window, Purposely created in 1913 as a mean to operate the central bank in The United States. The interest on loans given out to commercial institutions are discount rate, which is a monetary policy tool used by...
Why is Hitler's Muder of USSR Civilians never talked about?	[This thread](_URL_1_) from /u/commiespaceinvader discusses Generalplan Ost, which is the larger planned campaign of murder in the East, beyond simply the Holocaust. It doesn't specifically address "why is it never talked about" in the way you might be wondering, but I would caution you about any question which is pr...	[ "In the Soviet occupation zone, members of the SED reported to Stalin that looting and rape by Soviet soldiers could result in a negative reaction by the German population towards the Soviet Union and the future of socialism in East Germany. Stalin is said to have angrily reacted: \"I shall not tolerate anybody dra...
Is the optic nerve stretchy or is there some slack to let your eye move?	The optic nerve in an adult has about 8mm of slack to allow the eye to move. Nerves in general do not stretch very much, and the optic nerve in particular cannot stretch at all. That's because it is part of the central nervous system. Because the nerve connects directly to the brain, it is covered in an extension o...	[ "The nerve enters the deep surface of the muscle and is not easily visualised and differentiated from other structures running with it, such as the blood vessels. Parting the muscle damages the nerve further by stretching or even rupturing its branches which run superiorly on its deep surface.\n", "When a muscle ...
Would inhabitants of the ISS be able to see with their bare eyes if a nuclear war started on earth?	oh yeah, no doubt they could see it and the fires burning after.. talking about things which explode brighter than the sun.. ISS is only 350 kilometers up or so.. not very far	[ "Speaking at the plenary meeting of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe on 8 July 2019, she stated that “On the board of the International Space Station, [she and other astronauts] had a chance to see with naked eyes how bombs and shells exploded in Donbass and Luh...
How does your brain know how to assemble the signals from the individual cells in your retina into a spatial image?	It is both hard-wired and partly plastic. The basic organization is hard-wired, particularly in the crossing of some neurons from the right eye to the left side of the brain and some neurons from the left eye to the right side of the brain (while some from the right eye stay on the same side of the brain, and the same...	[ "Eventually, the information these cells collect in the retina is sent to various parts of the visual cortex, including the posterior parietal cortex and area V5 through the dorsal stream, and the inferior temporal cortex and area V4 through the ventral stream.\n", "When a visual stimulus is seen before a saccade...
Did any countries in the Middle East play any roll in WWI or WWII? If so, what?	There were a number of allied invasions in the region during 1941, as Britain pre-emptively dealt with potential threats to their oil supplies and lines of communications. At the time, the British position in North Africa was looking somewhat dire, as German forces under Rommel started to advance into Egypt itself. I...	[ "The premise of the game is a prophecy by Nostradamus that at the end of the 20th century there would be a major world war, beginning somewhere in the Middle East. The game was produced at a time of escalating violence in the Persian Gulf due to the Iran–Iraq War.\n", "The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I sa...
why is everyone blaming the current ad revenue problems on youtube on youtube itself?	It's a very complicated subject to be honest. Youtube is responsible to where those ads will be put on. If an ad is put on a video promoting violence, then it's the responsibility of youtube. The advertisers had confidence in youtube that their ads won't be used on inappropriate video. That said. There is a lot goin...	[ "Advertising is YouTube's central mechanism for gaining revenue. This issue has also been taken up in scientific analysis. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams argue in their book \"Wikinomics\" that YouTube is an example for an economy that is based on mass collaboration and makes use of the Internet.\n", "In Ma...
how can a [computer] screen keep track of each and every pixel? how can it be this specific?	The idea, or perhaps model, is that every pixel on your screen can be identified with its own address. For pixels, addresses are usually in the form of coordinates. A bit (or a lot) as how points are identified in a mathematical graph. It is customary to assign one of the four corners of your screen device the coordin...	[ "When a single column of 24 pixels is scanned across a line of text, all of the information is acquired. However, with the sense of touch, people are capable of perceiving two dimensional images. Bliss wondered if the reading rate would be higher if more than one column of 24 pixels were used, and if so, how many c...
how do refrigerants like hfcs and hfos work?	The way they absorb heat to act as greenhouse gases (absorption of infrared radiation) and the way they absorb heat to act as refrigerants (phase change at convenient temperatures and pressures) are unrelated to each other. They don't correlate because there is no reason for them to correlate. Many substances are goo...	[ "Vapor-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles. It is also used in domestic and commercial refrigerators,...
what is the difference between weapons grade and non-weapons grade nuclear material?	Weapons grade fuels have high enrichment, power-grade fuels are low enrichment. Enrichment is what % of the nuclear material is capable of a chain reaction on its own. Power reactor fuel is < 5% Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239. The other 95% is a filler material. Weapons grade fuel is > 90% Uranium-235 or Plutonium-...	[ "Weapons-grade nuclear material is any fissionable nuclear material that is pure enough to make a nuclear weapon or has properties that make it particularly suitable for nuclear weapons use. Plutonium and uranium in grades normally used in nuclear weapons are the most common examples. (These nuclear materials have ...
If all ship's radars operate on the same frequency (S & X band), why don't they interfere with one another?	They generally would. Though specific bands are rather large, antennas/radars can operate in narrow frequency ranges within a band, and the frequency space required to prevent interference between two bands can be, by design, very narrow (you could have a radar operating at 9.985 GHz and another at 9.920 GHz). The amou...	[ "Frequency agile radars can offer the same advantages. In the case of several aircraft operating in the same location, the radars can select frequencies that are not being used in order to avoid interference. This is not as simple as the case of a cell phone, however, because ideally the radars would change their o...
how all the counting numbers can be interesting at once	Well, you've simply created a paradox for yourself. By defining 'the first boring' as 'interesting' you've created an unbreakable loop, where your two classifications refute one another. If it's the first boring number, it's not interesting. But if that makes it interesting, it's not the first boring number.	[ "If the number of counts is not very large, it is more accurate to measure the time interval for a predetermined number of occurrences, rather than the number of occurrences within a specified time. The latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count....
A couple of rudimentary physics questions my teachers never could really answer, for some reason or another, that I'd like to still know. [Big post warning]	1) Light has no rest mass but has momentum based on it's frequency. Newton's laws don't describe it as it wasn't discovered yet. Newtonian laws only apply to Newtonian physics. 2) They would repel one another as a function of distance squared. 3) Falling into a black hole is not destruction but compaction. At hi...	[ "One of the most cited works in this area, Chi et al. (1981), examines how experts (PhD students in physics) and novices (undergraduate students that completed one semester of mechanics) categorize and represent physics problems. They found that novices sort problems into categories based upon surface features (e.g...
Is there really no way to know whether or not a shelter dog has rabies until/unless symptoms arise?	Yup. Only way to test for rabies is observation in quarantine or brain tissue. And the latter is the only real, definitive way. > The shelter giving my dog the regular rabies vaccine for dogs wouldn't do anything if he was already infected with rabies, right? Depends on progression of the disease. Ideally, t...	[ "Local animal control agencies or police are sometimes able to capture the animal and determine whether or not it is infected with rabies. This is important if the dog appears sick or is acting strangely.\n", "It can be prevented in dogs by vaccination, and cleaning and disinfecting bite wounds (post-exposure pro...
Were there other attempts at peace during World War 1?	There were two notable attempts by the papacy to broker a peace deal. In January of 1915, Benedict XV sent a papal diplomat as an envoy to Austrian emperor Franz Joseph. That diplomat was Eugenio Pacelli (who in 1939 would be elected pope and would take the name Pius XII). The goal was to try to keep Italy out of th...	[ "The obligation to refrain from separate peace was also made during the Second World War in both camps. The Tripartite Pact between the German, Italian and Japanese governments committed the three to prosecute the war together. On the Allied camp, that obligation was contained in the United Nations Declaration of J...
What causes the pale greenish tint we get when we are nauseous?	I googled that and got the answer pretty fast. it apparently has to do with the blood leaving your face leaving you with the yellow of your skin and the blue of your capillaries.	[ "It may also result from inflammation or congestion of the vaginal mucosa. In cases where it is yellowish or gives off an odor, a doctor should be consulted since it could be a sign of several disease processes, including an organic bacterial infection (aerobic vaginitis) or STD.\n", "It is caused by a defect in ...
how did letters like g and j, or c and k, come about? why do they share a common sound?	I think it's best expressed by a quote from James Nicoll: *The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse whore. We don't just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and riffle their pockets f...	[ "For historical reasons, the consonant is written \"k\" in Czech words like \"kde\" ('where', Proto-Slavic kъdě) or \"kdo\" ('who', Proto-Slavic kъto). This is because the letter \"g\" was historically used for the consonant . The original Slavic phoneme changed into in the Old-Czech period. Thus, is not a sepa...
how do sports commentators know all the players and their backgrounds so readily? i realize they are fed the info beforehand but they seem to spit out the info at appropriate times and so easily.	They typically have notes on hand during the broadcast, additionally they have a producer in the truck feeding them information.	[ "As a sports analyst you can go on different career paths within the field and even hold more than one position at once. First we have a sports journalist who reports to the public in the form of writing and includes information about sporting topics, events, and competitions. A sports commentator and sportscaster ...
During the Cold War, why was it necessary for the USA and the USSR to build arsenals of literally thousands of nuclear weapons, enough to destroy all human life multiple times over?	This is more of a question about nuclear war strategy than history but here goes: The buildup has to do with theories on nuclear war that require establishing enough of a strategic nuclear force to ensure a second strike capability. Theoretically, one side would attempt a counter-force first strike to nullify enemy st...	[ "At one time, the Soviet Union maintained the world's largest nuclear arsenal in history. According to estimates by the Natural Resources Defense Council, the peak of approximately 45,000 warheads was reached in 1986. Roughly 20,000 of these were believed to be tactical nuclear weapons, reflecting the Red Army doct...
What is the "speed limit" beyond the event horizon of a black hole?	> if light crosses the event horizon of a black hole, does it speed up beyond the speed of light on its way to the center? Not really. What happens is that past the event horizon, the escape velocity (think: how fast would something, say, a rocket, need to go to "lift off") becomes faster than the speed of light. Th...	[ "A black hole in general is surrounded by a surface, called the event horizon and situated at the Schwarzschild radius for a nonrotating black hole, where the escape velocity is equal to the velocity of light. Within this surface, no observer/particle can maintain itself at a constant radius. It is forced to fall i...
What was the Value of a Knight and other warriors?	This is a very complicated question to answer, and there isn't really a definitive price-list for armor and weapons. I'm not sure that there is an answer at all for the Viking, as we don't really have financial records from Vikings. For the knight, the availability of materials and quality of materials and craftsmans...	[ "Knight was described as \"a gentleman, whose eminent worth is still remembered by many now living; whose high character for upright conduct and integrity, rendered his life as honorable as it was good, and caused his death to be lamented by every one as a public loss\".\n", "Knight has appeared or been featured ...
why do even numbers feel safer and more pleasing than odd numbers?	Because it is more familiar to you. You have 10 fingers, 10 toes, two eyes, two ears, two arms, two legs, etc. Yes, you have one nose and one mouth but the number two satisfies your natural sense of symmetry more easily. The reason that five is comfortable is because of five fingers and five toes.	[ "For an example of odd numbers being friendly, consider 135 and 819 (\"abundancy\" 16/9). There are also cases of even being \"friendly\" to odd, such as 42 and 544635 (\"abundancy\" 16/7). The odd \"friend\" may be less than the even one, as in 84729645 and 155315394 (\"abundancy\" 896/351).\n", "This strong dep...
how do latrines flush away stool but get blocked because of tissie/toilet paper?	Toilets have pipes. A lot of paper will be difficult to compress and fit through those pipes. Turds, meanwhile, are relatively small and squishy.	[ "If clogging occurs, it is usually the result of an attempt to flush unsuitable items, or too much toilet paper. Clogging can occur spontaneously due to limescale fouling of the drain pipe, or by overloading the stool capacity of the toilet. Stool capacity varies among toilet designs and is based on the size of the...
What did knights/lancers do with their lance after a successful charge?	Typically a lance is used once in a battle, you charge, the lance either becomes embedded in your target, breaks or misses, in either case you drop it and draw a sidearm for close quarters fighting. There have of course been cases where lancers or knights have wheeled around, gone back to their original starting point,...	[ "In Europe, a jousting lance was a variation of the knight's lance which was modified from its original war design. In jousting, the lance tips would usually be blunt, often spread out like a cup or furniture foot, to provide a wider impact surface designed to unseat the opposing rider without spearing him through....
how elevators know what floor to go to and how they stop perfectly nearly every single time	A certain number of rotations of the gears causes a specific change in height of the elevator. This isn't something that has any drift to it, it's pretty constant on the kind of scale we care about. A little tuning and you have it set with all the heights. Not much to it.	[ "Elevators have a car top inspection station that allows the car to be operated by a mechanic in order to move it through the hoistway. Generally, there are three buttons: UP, RUN, and DOWN. Both the RUN and a direction button must be held to move the car in that direction, and the elevator will stop moving as soon...
Upon launch, what kept the Space Shuttle from tilting backwards towards the orbiter?	If the rocket nozzles generate a thrust that points through the center of mass of the shuttle, then it won't rotate.	[ "The vehicle began re-entry by firing the Orbital maneuvering system engines, while flying upside down, backside first, in the opposite direction to orbital motion for approximately three minutes, which reduced the Shuttle's velocity by about . The resultant slowing of the Shuttle lowered its orbital perigee down i...
special economic zones	It basically means the country or state has declared certain areas to have separate trade/regulation/economic policy than the rest of the country or state. It is typically done to encourage trade and boost their economy. Here is an example. Two islandic countries fish for widgets. Country A has a socialist economy and...	[ "A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include increased trade balance, employment, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. To encourage b...
After the Stanford Prison Experiment, what happened to all the ‘prisoners’ and ‘guards’ who were involved? Did any of them sue/have long term mental health issues from what went on in there?	I think it's well worth pointing out here that the Stanford experiment is highly controversial among psychologists, and the high reputation it has among the general public is by no means reflected in its reception by professionals. There are numerous critiques of the experiment from the point of view of its design and...	[ "In the summer of 1971 a Stanford psychology professor, Philip Zimbardo, conducted a study of the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard which is known as the Stanford prison experiment. The experiment, which was funded by the Office of Naval Research, surprised the professor by the authoritar...
Were there "baby boomer" generations as a result of large armies returning from battle in ancient times?	Its important to remember that the Baby Boom in 1950s America was not simply caused by troops returning from WW2. Remember there was no real Baby Boom in Britain or France in response to WW2 and even within America after WW1 there was no real "boom" in population. David Faber in The Age of Great Dreams argues that th...	[ "BULLET::::- Baby boomers, also known as Generation W or the Me Generation, are the generation that were born mostly following World War II, typically born from 1946 to 1964. Increased birth rates were observed during the post–World War II baby boom making them a relatively large demographic cohort.\n", "One prop...

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