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According to textbooks, light is not supposed to pass through a hole smaller than its wavelength, but in the past two years, physicists have done just that: An array of small holes in a thin layer of metal transmits certain wavelengths surprisingly well. While researchers have shown that vibrations of electrons on the ...
Prices, Wages and Payments in Ancient Egypt by Jimmy Dunn During most of ancient Egypt's pharaonic history, there was no money as such, at least in the form of coinage (and paper bills were far in the future). Not until the middle of the first millennium BC were any coins used in Egypt, and at first, they were usually ...
The 20 enjoyable, interactive classroom activities that are included will help your students understand the text in amusing ways. Fun Classroom Activities include group projects, games, critical thinking activities, brainstorming sessions, writing poems, drawing or sketching, and more that will allow your students to i...
How Rare is Red Pheomelanin is the pigment responsible for putting the red in hair and the relationship between occurrences and melanocortin-1 receptor were first unearthed in 1995. Jonathan Rees first identified the connection of the MC1R, located on the 16th of the 23 human chromosome pairs. Rees estimates that the f...
“The baby bat Screamed out in fright, ‘Turn on the dark, I’m afraid of the light.” — Shel Silverstein For bats and other nocturnal animals, nighttime is the nicest time. These animals prefer not to see the light of day, and have adaptations that make their night life shine. Bats are just one group of animals that can d...
Although many of the Founding Fathers acknowledged that slavery violated the core American Revolutionary ideal of liberty, their simultaneous commitment to private property rights, principles of limited government, and intersectional harmony prevented them from making a bold move against slavery. The considerable inves...
Antarctica Traced from Space Antarctica may not be the world's largest landmass -- it's the fifth-largest continent -- but resting on top of that land is the world's largest ice sheet. That ice holds more than 60 percent of Earth's fresh water and carries the potential to significantly raise sea level. The continent is...
Comparing Cosine and Sine Functions in a Graph The relationship between the cosine and sine graphs is that the cosine is the same as the sine — only it’s shifted to the left by 90 degrees, or π/2. The trigonometry equation that represents this relationship is Look at the graphs of the sine and cosine functions on the s...
A pen is the traditional instrument of writing, so it is fitting that a writer be able to use words to create a vivid mental image of the tool of his craft. A description of a pen should give the reader the information to draw a mental image of the pen. The pen should seem real and three-dimensional to the reader. This...
By the late 1800s, astronomy had moved on from simple human observation to the collection of images of the sky on photographic plates — pieces of glass coated with light-sensitive silver salts. At the time they were made, these plates could be analyzed only through tedious, labor-intensive work. A person had to scan an...
Canals were needed for the Industrial Revolution which was creating huge amounts of heavy produce which had to be moved. Roads simply could not handle such weights and the vehicles needed to move this produce did not exist. Canals were the answer to moving heavy objects large distances. Canals were man-made rivers whic...
The Federal Communications Commission was established on June 19, 1934, to replace the outdated Federal Radio Commission. In its history, the FCC has been involved in some very controversial decisions. As communications expanded and television became more prominent, the FCC's duties were expanded to include regulating ...
What is CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was signed on March 3, 1973. The Convention entered into force on June 22, 1997. The Convention resulted from concerns for the rate at which the world's species of wild fauna and flora were threatened by unregulate...
Implementing project-based learning (PBL) is more involved than simply adding a student-created deliverable to existing curriculum. While adding a creative component is more engaging and student-centered than a lecture or worksheet alone, it doesn't meet the requirements of an instructional shift to the project-based a...
Bromine: the essentials Bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element. It is a member of the halogen group. It is a heavy, volatile, mobile, dangerous reddish-brown liquid. The red vapour has a strong unpleasant odour and the vapour irritates the eyes and throat. It is a bleaching. When spilled on the skin it produces...
The Dutch Period 1640: Only Europeans were allowed to become skilled tradesmen, like carpenters or bricklayers. (The Dutch passed very few laws to control black people. Custom and unwritten rules mostly determined what blacks could and could not do.) The British Period 1664: When the British took control of New York, t...
A salute to our military, past and present. St. Crispin's Day Speech Shakespeare's HENRY V- A.D. 1599 Although Shakespeare wrote this work nearly two hundred years after the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, it remains one of the finest dramatic interpretation of what leadership meant to the men in the Middle Ages. Prior to...
The moon might be the most misleading object in the sky. It's brilliant, it's beautiful, it's silently serene. But if anything actually defines the moon, it's the long history of violence it's sustained. The lunar seas are the result of massive lava bleeds caused by the impact of giant asteroids. Every one of its crate...
Students who are gifted and talented are found in full-time self-contained classrooms, magnet schools, pull-out programs, resource rooms, regular classrooms, and every combination of these settings. No matter where they obtain their education, they need an appropriately differentiated curriculum designed to address the...
UNESCO's action in the field of inclusive education has been set explicitly within the 'inclusive education' framework adopted at the Salamanca Conference "... Schools should accommodate all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, emotional, social, linguistic or other conditions." (Article 3, Salamanca Fr...
A 3D printer involves a process that can produce 3-dimensional solid objects from any potential digital file. It follows additive processes that create objects by laying down layers of materials until an entire object is built. How it actually works? - You’ll need a 3D modelling program. - You make a virtual design. It...
The Geminid meteor shower 2014 will peak on 13 and 14 December, with up to 100 shooting stars expected per hour. The Geminids is one of the "most intense" meteor showers of the year, with first sightings of the phenomenon as early as 4 December. It can also be seen from almost any point of Earth, but stargazers in the ...
The future workspace for today’s students calls for workers who are increasingly open-minded and respectful toward those who may see the world in different ways. Diversity in the workplace is expected to increase. The U.S. Census Bureau predicts by 2043 minority groups will be the majority population. Teachers can play...
Let to be a ball positioned at some point . Considering that only the gravitational force acts on the ball, what is the trajectory the ball should follow in order to reach a point in the shortest time? The solution of this problem is known as the brachistochrone curve. Although similar, the brachistochrone curve has a ...
MARS has a real water shortage. It seems we have either misunderstood what its early years were like – or vast amounts of water are hiding beneath its surface. A lot of evidence points towards Mars being warm and wet early in its history; features that look like rivers, lakes and outflows have been spotted both from or...
The creation of maps, just like the creation of other data visualizations, involves distorting reality and telling “white lies”. Mark Monmonier, in his book How to Lie with Maps, discusses the misuse of maps, the appropriate use of maps and the nature of maps. Our assigned reading includes Chapter 3, which explains the...
Many picture books offer opportunities for children, and even adults, new to English to explore both the written and spoken language they are acquiring. How picture books are put to this purpose requires sensitivity to potential learners and wise choices of books to use. English language learners represent a wide range...
Today in the scientific journal Marine Ecology Progress Series, Stanford University marine biologist, and Center of Oceans Solutions’ Marine Spatial Planning Director Dr. George Shillinger and his colleagues published their findings from a three-year study of leatherback sea turtles tagged with satellite transmitters a...
The lance was the main weapon of the mounted Reiver; such was the general level of skill with this weapon that a Reiver was reputedly able to spear a salmon in a stream from horseback. Even outside of the borders, the lance was still a common weapon in England and Scotland. Although a number of huge ousting lances stil...
What is the learning challenge curriculum? The learning challenge curriculum has been designed to link together critical elements in: What is the underlying pedagogy? Teaching and learning The Learning Challenge Learning Journey What might children be interested in? What do they already know? Do they have any misconcep...
Mass extinctions are apparent in the fossil record wherever some sort of organism virtually disappears from the geologic column above a certain layer. One of the most well-known mass extinctions is the disappearance of the dinosaurs and a number of other organisms at the K-T (Cretaceous-Tertiary) boundary. Paleontologi...
This lesson in Java programming will teach you the coding for constructing a shape of triangle by using '*'. First of all make a class named 'triangle' under the Java I/O package and as we have to use the Buffer class, the application of all try and catch block is important for avoiding any kind of error. After creatin...
Students will read a biography, then present the information learned in a “wax museum” format. The report will center around one character trait that influenced the subject’s life. Students will pretend to be the person they read about and give brief reports on the subjects’ lives. Students will be expected to dress up...
People have been experiencing dental decay ever since we became human. The first evidence of oral health problems in humans arises about 1.8 million years ago, but it has been thought that widespread tooth decay wasn’t a problem until the rise of agriculture, which allowed people access to more sugars and carbohydrates...
The Constitution gives Congress the power to create laws. After the House of Representatives and the Senate, the two houses of Congress, sign a bill, they send it to the White House. The president then decides the best course of action depending on a number of political factors. Bill Becomes Law A bill becomes a law in...
For the U.S party, see Whig Party The Whigs were a party in English politics from the late 1600s to the early 1800s. They were a liberal party who felt that Parliament should have more power then the monarchy. In the 19th century the Whigs became the British Liberal Party. The Whigs were dominant in British Parliament ...
What Was Manifest Destiny? Manifest destiny was the popularly held belief in the 19th century that US settlers were destined by God to expand the country’s territory. The term was first published in the United States Magazine and Democratic Review in the summer of 1845. Historians largely agree that the article was wri...
Example 2 Solve the following system of equations. Okay, in this case we have a hyperbola (the first equation, although it isn’t in standard form) and a rational function (the second equation if we solved for y). As with the first example we can’t use elimination on this system so we will have to use substitution. The ...
Transforming Civil War Prisons : Lincoln, Lieber, and the Politics of Captivity During the Civil War, 410,000 people were held as prisoners of war on both sides. With resources strained by the unprecedented number of prisoners, conditions in overcrowded prison camps were dismal, and the death toll across Confederate an...
Microbes - bacteria and other single-celled organisms - may be tiny, but they come in huge numbers and we rely on them for clean water, the air we breathe and the food we eat. They are nature’s powerhouses but they have often been ignored. We previously lacked the capacity to appreciate truly their diversity, from micr...
Arches are important in Islamic architecture, because of their symbolic significance and how they allow builders to create mosques that reflect the importance of precepts such as unity, beauty and light in the Muslim faith. The earliest mosques were open courtyards surrounded by arcades, or a row of arches. This eventu...
Plants are often overlooked as important contributors to the long term health and integrity of aquatic systems. As a result, impacts to riparian areas as well as invasive vegetation introductions have had devastating impacts on fish populations across the globe. For example, Appalachian brook trout were once found in a...
We can help students make connections between two different, seemingly unconnected language items, and so reinforce both items. This may have a mnemonic effect, since items not normally linked become connected in the students' minds. Used to and the present perfect can be considered opposites in a sense because the pre...
What are the six principles of effective e-learning and which works and why? The multimedia principle: adding graphics to words can improve learning. E-learning refers to classroom instruction delivered using technology such as a computer, internet connection, digital recording, etc. Graphics describe pictures and visu...
This is a guide to how children develop speech and language between 11 and 17 years. Language development at this stage is a gradual process. Changes still take place but they are harder to see. Children need to learn to develop relationships and join in social activities on their own. What to expect between the ages o...
3. The novice teacher should recognize that teaching is a professional, moral, and ethical enterprise, should understand moral issues and ethical practices in educational environments, and should have developed ethical frameworks which facilitate effective teaching. This characteristic refers to ethics of the education...
1. North America, Treaty of Versailles, 1783 By the Treaty of Versailles, 1783, the independence of the 13 colonies forming the United States was acknowledged. The boundary between the United States and British North America was to run, following various rivers, lakes and latitude 45°, west to the Lake of the Woods and...
New ice core records 120,000 years? 30 July 2003 A milestone in deep ice drilling occurred on Thursday, 17 July 2003.1 The deepest ice core in the Northern Hemisphere hit bedrock on the Greenland Ice Sheet at a depth of almost two miles. The new core was drilled by the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP, or NG...
Recent research suggests that the Los Angeles-area leak poured 97,100 metric tons of the powerful greenhouse gas into the atmosphere between late October 2015 and February. The study also found that the leak, if translated into automotive tailpipe emissions, would be equivalent to the effect of the yearly greenhouse ga...
New research from a team including Carnegie's Doug Rumble and Liping Qin focuses on one particularly old type of meteorite called diogenites. Diogenites are a kind of meteorite that may have come from the asteroid Vesta, or a similar body. The team examined seven diogenites from Antarctica and two that landed in the Af...
Tour the World: Climates Students will be able to obtain information to describe various climates around the world. Students will be able to combine information to compare and contrast various climates around the world. Students will be able to record information from climate maps and report the results. Introduction (...
Astronomers Using NASA's Hubble Discover Quasars Acting as Gravitational Lenses Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have found several examples of galaxies containing quasars, which act as gravitational lenses, amplifying and distorting images of galaxies aligned behind them. Quasars are among the brightest...
Dive Into Context Clues Students will be able to use context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. Introduction (10 minutes) - Tell the students that they are going to be learning a strategy for figuring out the meaning of new words. - Have them imagine that they are in a restaurant and reading a menu. U...
The beak of the squid baffles scientists. They wonder: How can something that is so hard be attached to a body that has no bones? Should not the combination of materials cause abrasion and hurt the squid. The tip of the squid’s beak is hard, whereas the base of the beak is soft. The composition of the beak –which is ma...
Why do this problem? involves using practical equipment to approach a mathematical problem. It challenges the usual misconception that all tetrahedra are regular. It needs systematic thinking and visualisation and has some surprises in it - there are a few examples that are quite unexpected. It is hard to be convinced ...
Research published in the Astrophysical Journal on Sunday gives astronomers new insight into how our Galaxy may have formed. The Milky Way has a history of devouring smaller neighbouring galaxies that get too close. One such incident, the focus of this recent work, could be responsible for the shape of our Galaxy. Astr...
Currency evolved from two basic innovations. Originally money was a form of receipt representing grain stored in temples of ancient civilizations. Then metals were used as symbols to represent value stored in the form of commodities. The world evolved and so did the forms of currency. From Copper to Gold and now to pap...
Inclusive play. Ask 10 people what it means and it’s quite possible you’ll get 10 different answers. Adhering to ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Creating access on the playground. Including products for children with disabilities. Ensuring individuals who use mobility devices can use the playground, etc., etc., et...
A recent paper by Sanders et al., published in Nature, looked at how distant cells can signal to each other via the Shh pathway. Unfortunately for Developmental Biology teachers everywhere, Shh stands for Sonic Hedgehog. Oftentimes, strange or humorous gene names like this can be blamed on the fruit fly researchers who...
Faculty teach about hazards for a variety of reasons, from eliciting behavior change to developing disaster preparedness. Hazards are also complex, integrative phenomena influenced by many factors and they can have far-reaching physical and social effects. There are opportunities and challenges in helping students lear...
Today — August 10 — is the Feast Day of St. Lawrence in the Roman Catholic faith tradition. Lawrence was a deacon serving in Rome in the third century when a wave of persecution broke out. When Pope Sixtus and others were killed Lawrence knew it was only a matter of time before they came for him. As keeper of the Churc...
The 12th Amendment was passed so that the president and the vice president of the United States would be from the same political party. Prior to the ratification of the 12th Amendment in 1804, the person who received the most electoral votes was made president, and the person who received the second-most electoral vote...
Since i started the series, I”ve covered a whole variety of topics ranging from the importance of classes, getters and setters and the various syntax and language complexities you guys need to know before delving into OOP seriously. Now we will get to topics which are a bit harder, and that starts off with inheritance ...
When the Civil War came to an end, it was important to take the big accomplishments and transition them into the law of the land before any ground was lost as reconstruction returned the nation to one country rather than two warring parties. The upheaval of society that the abolition of slavery represented and the mass...
YouTube.com Educational Links:I have put together a collection of songs and read a-loud books about the Letter D. GO TO>> YOUTUBE PLAYLISTThere are over 20 pages of interactive activities to promote and reinforce letter, critical thinking, and math concepts. All About the Letter D is perfect for whole group, small grou...
Mathematics Perspective is a mathematical system for projecting the three-dimensional world onto a two-dimensional surface. It allows a flat image to convey a three-dimension…al state. The linear perpective relies on lines of sight converging on either one or two vanishing points. Our position in relation to the base (...
When: Beginning of WWII (1939-1941) Where: Eastern Poland / Western USSR What: In a surprise move on the 17th day of the German invasion of Poland, the Soviet Union invaded from the east. The Nazis and Soviets had secretly agreed the month before to divide the country. Because the Polish military leadership had ordered...
Differentiated Instruction for the Middle School Math Teacher is a practical and easy-to-use resource for teaching a standards-based math curriculum to all learners. It gives you effective ways to present math concepts, shows how to provide opportunities for guided practice, and offers ideas for modifying the material ...
This is another experiment conducted in school by the students to investigate elasticity of spring. The objective of the experiment is to let the student to understand that springs return to its original size and shape after being bent, twisted, stretched or squeezed as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded. They a...
Monday, November 5, 2012 EDSS 521 Blog Post #3 Where and how does creativity occur in your class? Physical Education is filled with creativity. Movement of the human body is a form of creativity in itself. Creativity can be when students learn to properly control their body to perform technical movements and tactics. S...
Gaius Julius Caesar (c. 100 – 44 BCE) In the Punic tongue the word caesar means “elephant.” Caesaries also means “thick head of hair.” The surname Caesar was given to the Julian family of patricians¹ at Rome, because one family member once owned an elephant or had a healthy scalp. After Julius had become the Dictator o...
General Instructions to Parents How can you support your child with homework? Homework helps your child: - to reinforce knowledge and skills learned - to learn to work by himself/herself - to organise and manage his/her time. Homework helps you: - to keep in touch with your child’s learning in school - to monitor your ...
January 16, 2011, Washington, D.C. (JFK+50) The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the 36th and deciding state of Nebraska ninety-two years ago today, January 16, 1919. The amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale or transport of intoxicating liquors, took effect on January 17, 19...
Observations of the interstellar medium, together with calculations of stellar models have led astrophysicists to assemble a theory of how stars are born and why they shine. The theory of stellar genesis has been successful in explaining how stars are formed in vast clouds of interstellar gas and dust. Thanks to modern...
Examples of common viral rashes in children include chickenpox, roseola, warts and hand-foot-mouth disease, according to WebMD. Common rashes in children that are not viral in nature include hives, eczema and contact dermatitis.Continue Reading The chickenpox rash is highly contagious and spreads across the body easily...
Carbon dioxide plays a significant role in trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere. The gas is released from human activities like burning fossil fuels, and the concentration of carbon dioxide moves and changes through the seasons. Using observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite, scientists dev...
The primary goal for adult butterflies is to create the next generation, continuing the species. The complete development from egg to adult for a butterfly is about one month. There are more than 17,000 species of butterflies worldwide. They are important pollinators and are beneficial to the food chain, especially in ...
Presentation on theme: "Ms. Elias US History iMater Academy 2014-2015. From 1500s and early 1600s many English, French, and Dutch explorers hoped to find the northwest passage."— Presentation transcript: From 1500s and early 1600s many English, French, and Dutch explorers hoped to find the northwest passage. Northwest ...
Providing students opportunities to talk about what they’re learning in the classroom allows you to give them feedback at the time when it’s most effective. Through classroom discussions students can examine and clarify confusing concepts, apply theoretical principles, explore the basis of arguments, and learn to think...
This is a unit plan for To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. It is 28 days long. The reading of the book is structured around literature circles; however, unlike traditional literature circles, the whole class is reading the same book, so on most days, the whole class reads together in some manner. At the end of the bo...
While approximately 80 percent of all matter in the Universe is in the form of dark matter, a substantial fraction of ordinary matter is also "missing." The total amount of matter produced in the Big Bang is a known quantity from a variety of observations and calculations, but it doesn't seem to reside in the stars, ga...
The first rails used were double headed (DH) and made of an I or dumb-bell section (Fig. 6.1). The idea was that once the head wore out during service, the rail could be inverted and reused. Experience, however, showed that while in service the bottom table of the rail was dented to such an extent because of long and c...
Feldspars are especially common minerals and make up about 60% of the Earth's crust. They crystallise from a wide spectrum of magmas and are found in many metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The name 'feldspar' refers to a group of silicate minerals that share the same basic structure. The three most important feldspar ...
I just learned that August is National Inventors' Month. Here are a few ways you can incorporate this into your lesson plans. 1. History: Have students study a few of the great inventions like the television or telephone or clock, but also consider the history of lesser, but no less important, inventions such as tissue...
Great Artesian Basin The Great Artesian Basin is the largest and deepest aquifer (artesian basin; an underground layer which holds water under pressure) in the world. It stretches over 1,711,000 square kilometres (661,000 sq mi), with measured temperatures ranging from 30°C to 100°C. It underlies 23% of Australia, incl...
PCR kits for education * training kit for students (how does PCR function) Purpose of the kit is to demonstrate students following: - How PCR method functions? - Which are the components of PCR? - To show an example of the PCR application and working! This kit is going to show how PCR can be used to detect human DNA in...
A new fossil discovery identifies the earliest evidence for animals with muscles. An unusual new fossil discovery of one of the earliest animals on earth may also provide the oldest evidence of muscle tissue — the bundles of cells that make movement in animals possible. The fossil, dating from 560 million years ago, wa...
The inferior colliculus is a part of the midbrain that serves as a main auditory (sound) center for the body. It acts as the channel for almost all auditory signals in the human body. Its primary roles are signal integration, frequency recognition, and pitch discrimination. It also processes sensory signals from the su...
Sixth grade is an important phase of learning mathematics. The year forms the fulcrum between the early grades’ learning and what’s to follow in advanced math in middle and high school as students learn the number skills needed for algebra. Number skills are formed by working with number theory, operations, decimals an...
The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body, a muscular organ responsible for circulating blood around the body. The function of the heart is to transport deoxygenated blood through the veins and deliver this blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Once the blood has been oxygenated, it is pumped throug...
Aesop's fables are well known in the world of children's literature but finding fascinating facts about Aesop is a much more difficult task. While Aesop's work is legendary, there is a limited amount of information available about Aesop himself. Records from the period in which he lived are sketchy at best. Scholars mu...
Young children learn well when they use hands-on projects. This is a great activity that promotes early learning, specifically working with numbers, but it is also very easy to make and use. Two simple everyday objects can be combined to make an early learning tool. In this case I took an empty frosting container and s...
Scale-models, in exquisite detail, were produced by shipyards and professional model-making companies to show, in miniature form, how new ships would look. These models were often used for advertising or for display purposes, typically in company offices and travel agents. The model of the Titanic on display at the Mer...
When parents make books available that are familiar and engaging, the desire to read will be strengthened in children together with the development of literacy skills. A good book is one that catches the attention of young readers. This means that the illustrations should be engaging, vocabulary should be easy to recog...
Astronomers have taken the first ever image of a black hole, which is located in a distant galaxy. It measures 40 billion km across – three million times the size of the Earth – and has been described by scientists as “a monster”. The black hole is 500 million trillion km away and was photographed by a network of eight...
There is nothing more “Chesapeake” than the blue crab. The Bay’s signature crustacean is one of the most recognizable critters in the watershed, and supports commercial and recreational fisheries. But blue crabs are vulnerable to pollution, habitat loss and harvest pressure, and their abundance has fluctuated over time...
Science Fact of the Week 50 - The Planet Mercury The planet Mercury is a terrestrial planet, the closest to our sun, and the smallest in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman god of commerce, travel and thievery. Being so close to the Sun, the planet Mercury can experience extremely high temperatures. The tempe...
Collaboration about mathematical concepts helps students identify, simplify, organize, express, and extend their thinking. Sit closely \| Voice level \| Take turns \| Choose a partner \| Choose an activity \| Get started quickly and quietly \| Choose a successful spot to work \| Coaching or time \| What to do when you need hel...
Civil Rights Movement Fifty years after Martin Luther King's Poor People's Campaign, a coalition of multiracial groups has announced that it is launching a new Poor People’s Campaign aimed at addressing divisions in the United States, from racism to economic and gender inequality. In the this lesson, students learn... ...
The Soviet working class was, according to Marxist–Leninist theory, supposed to be the Soviet Union's ruling class during its transition from the socialist stage of development to full communism. However, it's commonly argued that its influence over production and policies diminished as the USSR's existence progressed....

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