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C16H23NO2 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass : 261.36 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980366 |
C17H20N2S The molecular formula CHNS (molar mass : 284.42 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980443 |
C17H21NO The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980456 |
C17H23NO The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980504 |
C17H23NO3 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980523 |
C17H25NO2 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass : 275.39 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980551 |
C17H27NO4 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980565 |
C18H22ClNO The molecular formula CHClNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980645 |
C18H22N2 The molecular formula CHN (molar mass : 266.38 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980656 |
C18H23NO3 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass : 301.38 g/mol, exact mass : 301.167794) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980668 |
C18H25NO The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980683 |
C18H34O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980717 |
C19H21N The molecular formula CHN may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980739 |
C19H21NO3 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass : 311.37 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980751 |
C19H21NS The molecular formula CHNS (molar mass : 331.9 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980762 |
C19H24N2 The molecular formula CHN (molar mass : 280.40 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980788 |
C19H24N2OS The molecular formula CHNOS (molar mass: 328.47 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980800 |
C19H38O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980815 |
C19H40 The molecular formula CH (molar mass: 268.51 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23980829 |
C20H23N The molecular formula CHN (molar mass: 277.40 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981167 |
C20H26N2 The molecular formula CHN may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981180 |
C20H27N The molecular formula CHN (molar mass: 281.44 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981192 |
C20H32 The molecular formula CH (molar mass: 272.47 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981224 |
C20H32O2 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 304.46 g/mol, exact mass : 304.24023) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981239 |
C21H27NO2 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 325.44 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981306 |
C21H28O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981324 |
C21H29NO The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 311.46 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981348 |
C21H32O2 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 316.47 g/mol, exact mass: 316.24023) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981371 |
C22H14 The molecular formula CH (molar mass: 278.36 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981390 |
C22H29NO2 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 339.471 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981399 |
C23H29NO3 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass : 367.481 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981420 |
C25H32N2O2 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 392.53 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981454 |
C27H44O The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 384.63 g/mol, exact mass: 384.339216) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981469 |
C28H44O The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 396.65 g/mol, exact mass : 396.339216) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981484 |
C30H48O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981506 |
C31H46O2 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 450.7 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981519 |
C33H40N2O9 The molecular formula CHNO (molar mass: 608.67 g/mol, exact mass: 608.273381) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981571 |
C47H73NO17 CHNO (molar mass : 924.08 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23981596 |
Light-dependent reactions In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome "bf" uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions In chemistry, many reactions depend on the absorption of photons to provide the energy needed to overcome the activation energy barrier and hence can be labelled light-dependent. Such reactions range from the silver halide reactions used in photographic film to the creation and destruction of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions This process results in the formation of a positive charge on the special pair (due to the loss of an electron) and a negative charge on the acceptor and is, hence, referred to as photoinduced charge separation. In other words, electrons in pigment molecules can exist at specific energy levels... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions This initial charge separation occurs in less than 10 picoseconds (10 seconds). In their high-energy states, the special pigment and the acceptor could undergo charge recombination; that is, the electron on the acceptor could move back to neutralize the positive charge on the special pair. Its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions The ultimate electron donor of PSII is water. Cytochrome bf proceeds the electron chain to PSI through plastocyanin molecules. PSI is able to continue the electron transfer in two different ways. It can transfer the electrons either to plastoquinol again, creating a cyclic electron flow, or to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions It catalyzes a reaction that splits water into electrons, protons and oxygen: 2 → 4H + 4e + The actual steps of the above reaction are running in the following way (Dolai's diagram of S-states): The electrons are transferred to special chlorophyll molecules (embedded in PS II) that are promote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions This is a solid-state process, not a chemical reaction. It occurs within an essentially crystalline environment created by the macromolecular structure of PS II. The usual rules of chemistry (which involve random collisions and random energy distributions) do not apply in solid-state environme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions Electrons from PS II are carried by plastoquinol to cyt "bf", where they are removed in a stepwise fashion (reforming plastoquinone) and transferred to a water-soluble electron carrier called "plastocyanin". This redox process is coupled to the pumping of four protons across the membrane. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions PS I accepts electrons from plastocyanin and transfers them either to NADPH ("noncyclic electron transport") or back to cytochrome "bf" ("cyclic electron transport"): PS I, like PS II, is a complex, highly organized transmembrane structure that contains antenna chlorophylls, a reaction center ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions The ratio of NADPH to ATP production can be adjusted by adjusting the balance between cyclic and noncyclic electron transport. It is noteworthy that PS I closely resembles photosynthetic structures found in green sulfur bacteria, just as PS II resembles structures found in purple bacteria. PS ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions The electron transport chain is where the mobile electron carriers are plastoquinone and cytochrome "c", while the proton pumps are NADH dehydrogenase, cyt "bf" and cytochrome "aa" (member of the COX3 family). Cyanobacteria are the only bacteria that produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Earth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions Green sulfur bacteria contain a photosystem that is analogous to PS I in chloroplasts: There are two pathways of electron transfer. In "cyclic electron transfer", electrons are removed from an excited chlorophyll molecule, passed through an electron transport chain to a proton pump, and then r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Light-dependent reactions Then in 1939, Robin Hill showed that isolated chloroplasts would make oxygen, but not fix showing the light and dark reactions occurred in different places. Although they are referred to as light and dark reactions, both of them take place only in the presence of light. This led later to the d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23982752 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma Strangeness production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is a signature and a diagnostic tool of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formation and properties. Unlike up and down quarks, from which everyday matter is made, strange quarks are formed in pair-production processes in collisions be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma In order to recreate this deconfined phase of matter in the laboratory it is necessary to exceed a minimum temperature, or its equivalent, a minimum energy density. Scientists achieve this using particle collisions at extremely high speeds, where the energy released in the collision c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma Recent work by the ALICE collaboration at CERN has opened a new path to study of QGP and strangeness production in very high energy pp collisions. The diagnosis and the study of the properties of quark–gluon plasma can be undertaken using quarks not present in matter seen around us. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma The abundance of produced strange anti-barions, and in particular anti-omega formula_1, allowed to distinguish fully deconfined large QGP domain from transient collective quark models such as the color rope model proposed by Biró, Nielsen and Knoll. The relative abundance of formula_2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma The top section of the Feynman diagrams figure, shows the new gluon fusion processes: gluons are the wavy lines; strange quarks are the solid lines; time runs from left to right. The bottom section is the process where the heavier quark pair arises from the lighter pair of quarks show... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma These newly cooked strange quarks find their way into a multitude of different final particles that emerge as the hot quark–gluon plasma fireball breaks up, see the scheme of different processes in figure. Given the ready supply of antiquarks in the "fireball", one also finds a multit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma Consider as an example the decay of a negatively charged formula_5 baryon (green in figure, dss), into a negative pion (d) and a neutral formula_6 (uds) baryon. Subsequently, the formula_6 decays into a proton and another negative pion. In general this is the signature of the decay of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma The work of Koch, Muller, Rafelski predicts that in a quark–gluon plasma hadronization process the enhancement for each particle species increases with the strangeness content of the particle. The enhancements for particles carrying one, two and three strange or antistrange quarks wer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma Another remarkable feature of these results, comparing CERN and STAR, is that the enhancement is of similar magnitude for the vastly different collision energies available in the reaction. This near energy independence of the enhancement also agrees with the quark–gluon plasma approac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma This argument can be resolved by exploring specific sensitive experimental signatures for example the ratio of double strange particles of different type, such yield of formula_13 (formula_5) compared to formula_3(formula_16). The ALICE experiment obtained this ratio for several colli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma This is so since the yield of strange pairs in QGP is sufficiently high and tracks well the expected abundance increase as the volume and lifespan of QGP increases. This increase is incompatible with the hypothesis that for all reaction volumes QGP is always in chemical (yield) equili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma The CERN-NA35 and CERN-WA85 experimental collaborations announced formula_25 formation in heavy ion reactions in May 1990 at the Quark Matter Conference, Menton, France. The data indicates a significant enhancement of the production of this antimatter particle comprising one antistran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma One of the most accessible signatures would be the relative Kaon yield ratio. A possible structure has been predicted, and indeed, an unexpected structure is seen in the ratio of particles comprising the positive kaon K (comprising anti s-quarks and up-quark) and positive pion particl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma The global description of all produced particles can be attempted based on the picture of hadronizing hot drop of quark–gluon plasma or, alternatively, on the picture of confined and equilibrated hadron matter. In both cases one describes the data within the statistical thermal produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984205 |
Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc Energy Manufacturing Co., Inc. is an American manufacturing company based in Monticello, Iowa. Established in 1944, the company produces a variety of hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pumps, valves, and power systems. In the early 1940s B.J. Pasker ran a blacksmith shop in New Vienna, Iowa. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984989 |
Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc In 1976 Energy completed construction of a new plant on in the Monticello Industrial park. In 1985 Energy Manufacturing Company was sold to CGF Industries of Topeka, Kansas. CGF also purchased an Omaha Nebraska company called "Williams Machine and Tool". In 1997 Energy was purchased by Linc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984989 |
Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc In addition to Energy Manufacturing, Ligon holds 13 other manufacturing companies, seven of which are in the fluid power industry. Ligon is the largest independent manufacturer of hydraulic cylinders in North America. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23984989 |
C14H18O3 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 234.29 g/mol) may refer to : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986346 |
C11H8O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986389 |
C9H14O The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986393 |
C15H14O The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986423 |
C13H18O The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986430 |
C4H10O2S2 The molecular formula CHOS (molar mass: 154.25 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986469 |
C5H12O3 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23986489 |
Radiative equilibrium is one of the several requirements for thermodynamic equilibrium, but it can occur in the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium. There are various types of radiative equilibrium, which is itself a kind of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibrium, in general, is a state in which opposing forces are balanced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Radiative equilibrium Prevost went on to comment that "The heat of several portions of space at the same temperature, and next to one another, is at the same time in the two species of equilibrium." Following Planck (1914), a radiative field is often described in terms of specific radiative intensity, which is a functi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Radiative equilibrium They define the monochromatic volume-specific rate of gain of heat by matter from radiation as the negative of the divergence of the monochromatic flux density vector; it is a scalar function of the position of the point: They define (pointwise) monochromatic radiative equilibrium by They define (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Radiative equilibrium [and] there are no sources of heat in the surrounding" This is hardly different from Schwarzschild's 1906 approximate concept, but is more precisely stated. Planck (1914, page 40) refers to a condition of thermodynamic equilibrium, in which "any two bodies or elements of bodies selected at random ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Radiative equilibrium Global radiative equilibrium can be defined for an entire passive celestial system that does not supply its own energy, such as a planet. Liou (2002, page 459) and other authors use the term global radiative equilibrium to refer to radiative exchange equilibrium globally between the earth and extr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Radiative equilibrium A radiative equilibrium temperature is calculated for the case that the supply of energy from within the planet (for example, from chemical or nuclear sources) is negligibly small; this assumption is reasonable for the Earth, but fails, for example, for calculating the temperature of Jupiter, for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Radiative equilibrium Likewise the condition that is used for the above definition of pointwise radiative equilibrium cannot hold throughout a star that is radiating: internally, the star is in a steady state of temperature distribution, not internal thermodynamic equilibrium. Cox and Giuli's definition allows them to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23988436 |
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems is a peer-reviewed scientific journal sponsored by the Chemometrics Society and published since 1986 by Elsevier. The current editor-in-chief is R. Tauler (Barcelona, Spain). The journal is abstracted and indexed in Analytical Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23990455 |
C15H18 The molecular formula CH may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23991886 |
C7H10 The molecular formula CH may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23991962 |
C15H10O5 The chemical formula CHO (molar mass : 270.23 g/mol, exact mass : 270.052823) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993155 |
C10H16O2 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993164 |
C21H22O4 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 338.39 g/mol, exact mass : 338.151809 u) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993187 |
C6H13NO4 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993191 |
C11H12O3 CHO (molar mass : 192.21 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993221 |
C14H18O4 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 250.29 g/mol) may refer to : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993254 |
C9H8O3 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass : 164.16 g/mol, exact mass : 164.047344) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993287 |
C21H20O6 The molecular formula CHO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993305 |
C8H14 The molecular formula CH (molar mass: 110.20 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993313 |
C10H22O The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 158.281 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993352 |
C6H4Cl2O The molecular formula CHClO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993412 |
C19H30O5 The molecular formula CHO (molar mass: 338.43 g/mol) may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23993454 |
C7H9NO2 The molecular formula CHNO may refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23994451 |
Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate Nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate, also called nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NOBF. This colourless solid is used in organic synthesis as a nitrosating agent. NOBF is the nitrosonium salt of fluoroboric acid, and is composed of a nitrosonium cation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23996910 |
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