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Tournament theory is the theory in personnel economics used to describe certain situations where wage differences are based not on marginal productivity but instead upon relative differences between the individuals. This theory was invented by economists Edward Lazear and Sherwin Rosen. The theory has been applied to p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9702214 |
Tournament theory Participants in the tournament commit their investment early on in life and are unlikely to know each other previously, within the firm they work in, and may not even know each other within the firm. This prevents collusion or cheating in the tournament. Looking at the tournament in its simplest form,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9702214 |
Tournament theory Considering piece rates this seems illogical - his output is unlikely to have tripled in one day. But looking at it using tournament theory it seems logical - he has won the tournament and received his prize - presidency. is an efficient way of labour compensation when quantifying output is difficult ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9702214 |
Cashnet is an interbank network in India managed by Euronet Services India Pvt. Ltd. which is a subsidiary of Euronet Worldwide. Banks can join the shared ATM network whereby each member banks’ cardholders can perform transactions at other member banks’ ATMs. Member banks will allow their customers to perform transacti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9714623 |
Yeda Crusius Yeda Rorato Crusius (born July 26, 1944) is an economist and former governor of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul until December 31, 2011. She was the first female governor of the state. She wrote her autobiography. She graduated in Economics from the University of São Paulo and Vanderbilt Universit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9717442 |
Law, Legislation and Liberty is a work in three volumes by Nobel laureate economist and political philosopher Friedrich Hayek. In it, Hayek further develops the philosophical principles he discussed earlier in "The Road to Serfdom", "The Constitution of Liberty", and other writings. "Law, Legislation and Liberty" is mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9753150 |
Mark Blaug FBA (; 3 April 1927 – 18 November 2011) was a Dutch-born British economist (naturalised in 1982), who covered a broad range of topics during his long career. He was married to Ruth Towse. In 1955 Blaug received his PhD from Columbia University in New York under the supervision of George Stigler. Besides shor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9772354 |
Negotiated cartelism (sometimes called a bilateral monopoly by economists) is a labor arrangement that holds labor prices above the market clearing level through union leverage over employers. The phrase was coined by Peter Swenson, an economics professor at Yale university. Labor finds this desirable because it can po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9794353 |
Negotiated cartelism Their 'Industrial Arbritation Department' helped to promote collective bargaining on a multi-employer basis - thus bringing wages above the market clearing level in areas such as brewing, entertainment, boiler making, trucking and clothing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9794353 |
Forward measure In finance, a "T"-forward measure is a pricing measure absolutely continuous with respect to a risk-neutral measure, but rather than using the money market as numeraire, it uses a bond with maturity "T". The use of the forward measure was pioneered by Farshid Jamshidian (1987), and later used as a means... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9795255 |
Forward measure Compare with futures prices, which are martingales under the risk neutral measure. Note that when interest rates are deterministic, this implies that forward prices and futures prices are the same. For example, the discounted stock price is a martingale under the risk-neutral measure: The forward price ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9795255 |
UK Green Building Council The (UKGBC) is a United Kingdom membership organisation, formed in 2007, which aims to 'radically transform' the way that the built environment in the UK is planned, designed, constructed, maintained and operated. The Council is concerned about the environmental impact of buildings and infrast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9797936 |
Non-use value is the value that people assign to economic goods (including public goods) even if they never have and never will use it. It is distinguished from use value, which people derive from direct use of the good. The concept is most commonly applied to the value of natural and built resources. as a category may... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9802660 |
Convention of conservatism In accounting, the convention of conservatism, also known as the doctrine of prudence, is a policy of anticipating possible future losses but not future gains. This policy tends to understate rather than overstate net assets and net income, and therefore lead companies to "play safe". When gi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9810095 |
Price analysis In marketing, Price Analysis refers to the analysis of consumer response to theoretical prices in survey research. In general business, price analysis is the process of examining and evaluating a proposed price without evaluating its separate cost elements and proposed profit. Price Analysis dates back t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9810420 |
Sapir Report An Agenda for a Growing Europe, also called The Sapir Report, is a report on the economy of the European Union edited by a panel of experts under the direction of André Sapir and published in July 2003. The report follows an initiative by Romano Prodi, President of the European Commission, notably to analy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9816979 |
Citizens for an Alternative Tax System (CATS) is a national tax reform public interest group in the United States. Their Las Vegas chapter proposes "that Congress should eliminate the IRS and all income taxes, corporate and personal; estate, gift and inheritance taxes, plus many excise taxes; replacing them with a sing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9822446 |
Journal of Media Economics The is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of media economics published by Routledge. Since September 2011 its editors-in-chief have been Nodir Adilov (Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis) and Hugh Martin (Ohio University). The journal was established in 1988... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9826447 |
Journal of Media Business Studies The is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers business aspects of media enterprises. Aspects including media economics, strategic management, marketing, entrepreneurship , and finance . The journal was established in 2004 by founding editor-in-chief Robert G. Picard, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9826669 |
Substantivism is a position, first proposed by Karl Polanyi in his work "The Great Transformation" (1944), which argues that the term 'economics' has two meanings. The formal meaning, used by today's neoclassical economists, refers to economics as the logic of rational action and decision-making, as rational choice bet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9843744 |
Investor-owned utility Investor-owned utilities (IOUs) are private enterprises acting as public utilities. Examples may range from a family that owns a well on their property to international energy conglomerates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9866936 |
Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is a method of economic modeling. It has its starting point in the stochastic production frontier models simultaneously introduced by Aigner, Lovell and Schmidt (1977) and Meeusen and Van den Broeck (1977). The "production frontier model" without random component can be written as: fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9875692 |
Stochastic frontier analysis Thus, we obtain the following equation: formula_6 Now, if we also assume that "f(x, β)" takes the log-linear Cobb–Douglas form, the model can be written as: formula_7 where "v" is the “noise” component, which we will almost always consider as a two-sided normally distributed variable, and "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9875692 |
Stochastic frontier analysis Polacheck & Yoon (1987) have introduced a three-component error structure, where one non-negative error term is added to, while the other is subtracted from, the zero-mean symmetric random disturbance. This modeling approach attempts to measure the impact of informational inefficiencies (in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9875692 |
Direct participation program (or direct participation plan or direct investment, abbreviated DPP) is a financial security that enables investors to participate in a business venture's cash flow and taxation benefits. The term originates from the Securities Act of 1933 and NASD Rule 2810, which addresses the regulation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9890538 |
Direct participation program Broker/dealers have alternative investment platforms that include these funds and are paid commissions for their role in distribution and servicing. The compliance and operational aspects of sponsoring these funds are more complicated due to the involvement of retail investors and the payme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9890538 |
Premium business model The premium business model is the concept of offering high end products and services appealing to discriminating consumers. Brand image is an important factor in the premium business model, as quality is often a subjective matter. This business model seeks a higher profit margin on a lower sales ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9893882 |
Financial forecast A financial forecast is an estimate of future financial outcomes for a company or project, usually applied in budgeting, capital budgeting and / or valuation; see Financial modeling #Accounting. Depending on context the term may also refer to listed company (quarterly) earnings guidance. For a or eco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9900830 |
Financial forecast At the same time, the resultant line items must talk to the business' operations:- in general, growth in revenue will require corresponding increases in working capital, fixed assets and associated financing; and in the long term, profitability (and other financial ratios) should tend to the industry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9900830 |
Cross-National Equivalent File The (CNEF) contains data from general population household-based panel surveys fielded in Australia, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Korea, Russia, Switzerland and the United States. Each of these countries fields a longitudinal survey of households and their inhabitants. All of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9929996 |
Windfall gain A windfall gain or windfall profit is any type of unusually high or abundant income that is sudden and/or unexpected. Examples of windfall gains include, but are not limited to: What people do with windfall gains is subject to much debate. While they differ from one account to the next, most economists hy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9947975 |
Economica is a peer-reviewed academic journal of generalist economics published on behalf of the London School of Economics by Wiley-Blackwell. Established in 1921, it is currently edited by Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Tim Besley, Francesco Caselli, Maitreesh Ghatak, Stephen Machin, Ian Martin, and Gianmarco Ottavian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9950747 |
Pizza Principle The Pizza Principle, or the Pizza-Subway Connection, in New York City, is a humorous but generally historically accurate "economic law" proposed by native New Yorker Eric M. Bram. He noted, as reported by "The New York Times" in 1980, that from the early 1960s "the price of a slice of pizza has matched,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9953081 |
Pizza Principle The fare did indeed rise to $2.25 in June 2009, and again in 2013 to $2.50. In 2014, Jared Lander, a professional statistician and Adjunct Professor at Columbia University, conducted a study of pizza slice prices within New York City and concluded that the still held true. Other New York City news organ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9953081 |
Monopoly wage is a term used by economists to refer to the higher wages earned by unionized workers compared to non-unionized workers. It entails the idea that unions act as coercive monopolies by raising wages other than what they would be if there was competition between individual workers. Heery, Edmund; Noon, Mike ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9958718 |
Convenience translation A convenience translation is either when an entity displays its financial statements or other financial information in a currency that is different from either its functional currency or its presentation currency simply by translating all amounts at end-of-period exchange rates. A result of maki... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9960828 |
Armando Labra (May 9, 1943 – April 5, 2006) was a Mexican economist, and the technical secretary for the Planification Counsel of the UNAM. Born in Zumpango, in the State of Mexico, he was the grandson of Frolylan Manjarrez, a congressman, and Wenceslao Labra, the ex-governor for the State of Mexico. He studied at the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9964968 |
Complex multiplier The complex multiplier is the multiplier principle in Keynesian economics (formulated by John Maynard Keynes). The simplistic multiplier that is the reciprocal of the marginal propensity to save is a special case used for illustrative purposes only. The multiplier applies to any change in autonomous ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=9986126 |
Global Development and Environment Institute The Global Development And Environment Institute (GDAE, pronounced “gee-day”) is a research center at Tufts University founded in 1993. GDAE conducts research and develops teaching materials in economics and related areas that follow an interdisciplinary approach that emphas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10014156 |
Global Development and Environment Institute Harris, Brian Roach and Anne-Marie Codur. Monica Barros is responsible for administration and communications. Gillian Davies, Andrew Tirrell, and David Sussman are Visiting Scholars at GDAE, and Jeronim Capaldo is a research fellow. Bethany Tietjen and Josephine Watson are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10014156 |
Global Development and Environment Institute The texts come with a full set of supplementary materials including instructor resource material with lecture outlines, a test bank of over 2,000 questions, and PowerPoint slides. Detailed student study guides are available for free download. GDAE has also produced an extens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10014156 |
Global Development and Environment Institute It also includes full bibliographic references (including abstracts) to more than 6,000 additional articles. The SSL is available upon request to those that qualify for access. For people who are not in the recipient countries, a web-based version, with the 10,000+ bibliogra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10014156 |
Subprime lending In finance, subprime lending (also referred to as near-prime, subpar, non-prime, and second-chance lending) is the provision of loans to people who may have difficulty maintaining the repayment schedule. Historically, subprime borrowers were defined as having FICO scores below 600, although this thresh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10043800 |
Subprime lending Subprime borrowers have credit ratings that might include: Lenders' standards for determining risk categories may also consider the size of the proposed loan, and also take into account the way the loan and the repayment plan is structured, if it is a conventional repayment loan, a mortgage loan, an en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10043800 |
Subprime lending These structures may be in the form of soft loans, income-sensitive repayment loans, income-contingent repayment loans and so on. Because student loans provide repayment records for credit rating, and may also indicate their earning potential, student loan default can cause serious problems later in li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10043800 |
Subprime lending A-minus is related to Alt-A, with some lenders categorizing them the same, but A-minus is traditionally defined as mortgage borrowers with a FICO score of below 680 while Alt-A is traditionally defined as loans lacking full documentation. The value of U.S. subprime mortgages was estimated at $1.3 trill... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10043800 |
Subprime lending The inflated house-price bubble burst, property valuations plummeted and the real rate of return on investment could not be estimated, and so confidence in these instruments collapsed, and all less than prime mortgages were considered to be almost worthless toxic assets, regardless of their actual comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10043800 |
Shimshon Bichler is an educator who teaches political economy at colleges and universities in Israel. Along with Jonathan Nitzan, Bichler has created an engaging power theory of capitalism and theory of differential accumulation in their analysis of the political economy of wars, Israel, and globalization. Nitzan and B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10044811 |
Animal husbandry in Himachal Pradesh plays a very major role in the development of agricultural sector of Himachal. Indigenous breeds of cows, buffalo and sheep are of very poor quality. Numerous schemes for "cattle development", "cattle health" and "disease resistance" in wood production, poultry development, feed and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10046185 |
Bonus share Bonus Shares are shares distributed by a company to its current shareholders as fully paid shares free of charge. An issue of bonus shares is referred to as a bonus share issue. A bonus issue is usually based upon the number of shares that shareholders already own. (For example, the bonus issue may be ""n" ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10048012 |
Bonus share The current shareholders simply receive new shares, for free, and in proportion to their previous share in the company. Therefore, a bonus share issue is very similar to a stock split. The only practical difference is that a bonus issue creates a change in the structure of the company's shareholders' equity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10048012 |
T. S. Ashton Prize The T. S. Ashton Prize, established with funds donated by the late Professor T. S. Ashton (1889-1968), is awarded biennially by the Economic History Society to the author of the best article accepted for publication in the "Economic History Review" in the previous two calendar years, who satisfies at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10049159 |
Green coke (raw coke) is the primary solid carbonization product from high boiling hydrocarbon fractions obtained at temperatures below 900 K. It contains a fraction of matter that can be released as volatiles during subsequent heat treatment at temperatures up to approximately 1600 K. This mass fraction, called volati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10051286 |
Mandatory spending The United States federal budget is divided into three categories: mandatory spending, discretionary spending, and interest on debt. Also known as entitlement spending, in US fiscal policy, mandatory spending is government spending on certain programs that are mandated by law. Congress established ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending Other mandatory spending programs include Income Security Programs such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Supplemental Security Income, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and Unemployment Insurance. Federal Retirement programs for Federal and Civilian M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending Congress can periodically review the eligibility rules and may change them in order to include or exclude more people or offer more or less generous benefits to those who are eligible and can therefore change the amount spent on the program. Most mandatory spending is used on entitlement programs. Pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending In 1962, before the passage of Medicare and Medicaid, Social Security spending accounted for 13 percent of the total mandatory spending. This was about half of all mandatory spending. In FY 2016, Social Security accounted for 38 percent of mandatory spending. This accounts for about a little more tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending In 2010,the passage of the Affordable Care Act established a mandate for most US residents to obtain health insurance, set up insurance exchanges, and expand Medicaid. Mandatory federal outlays for health programs increased as a result. plays a large role in larger fiscal trends. During economic down... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid were the largest individual mandatory expenditures, together accounting for about 78 percent of all mandatory spending. Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid make up nearly 50 percent of all federal spending. Various income security programs, such as Suppleme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending Though averaging about 10 percent of GDP since 1973, mandatory spending is projected to increase to about 14 percent of GDP by 2027. Discretionary spending on the other hand is projected to fall further, to 5 percent of GDP. BY FY2022, discretionary spending's share of the economy is projected to be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Mandatory spending The cuts to Medicare are not projected to prevent Medicare from growing in terms or relative to GDP over the 10-year budget window. The share of mandatory spending will continue to increase as a portion of federal spending and GDP. The number of beneficiaries of entitlement programs has grown as the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10061101 |
Fernando Solana Morales (February 8, 1931 – March 23, 2016) was a Mexican diplomat, politician and businessman. He served as the Mexican Secretary of Public Education, of Commerce and of Foreign Affairs. Born in Mexico City, graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where has been a professor in Econ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10084193 |
Fernando Solana He is also member of the board of some of the largest Mexican corporations, the Institute of the Americas in California, the Mexican American Foundation for Science, Euro America Foundation in Madrid, Canning House in London and president of Solana Consultores, a business consultan firm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10084193 |
Order of integration In statistics, the order of integration, denoted "I"("d"), of a time series is a summary statistic, which reports the minimum number of differences required to obtain a covariance-stationary series. A time series is integrated of order 0 if it admits a moving average representation with where formu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10088188 |
Cost-minimization analysis Cost-minimization is a tool used in pharmacoeconomics to compare the cost per course of treatment when alternative therapies have demonstrably equivalent clinical effectiveness. Therapeutic equivalence (including adverse reactions, complications and duration of therapy) must be referenced by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10089999 |
Zero-rated supply In economics, zero-rated supply refers to items subject to a 0% VAT tax on their input supplies. The term is applied to items that would normally be taxed under valued-added systems such as Europe's Value Added Tax (VAT) or Canada's Goods and Services Tax (GST). Examples of these items include: most e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10114563 |
Mary S. Morgan Mary Susanna Morgan FBA FRDAAS, is Professor of the History of Economics in the London School of Economics since 1999. She graduated from the London School of Economics a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Economics in 1978 and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1984. From 1992 to 2002, she worked part-time as Pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10121781 |
Inevitable disclosure is a legal doctrine through which an employer can claim trade secret to enjoin a former employee from working in a job that may result in the use of trade secrets without the need for proof or evidence. The inevitable-disclosure doctrine is one's means in demonstrating a revelation of trade secret... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10128004 |
Risk financing In business economics, risk financing is concerned with providing funds to cover the financial effect of unexpected losses experienced by a firm. Traditional forms of finance include risk transfer, funded retention by way of reserves (often called self-insurance) and risk pooling. Alternative risk financ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10129700 |
Product life-cycle theory The Product Life Cycle Theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of the Heckscher-Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product's life-cycle all the parts and labor associated w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10135822 |
Product life-cycle theory Raymond Vernon divided products into three categories based on their stage in the product life cycle and how they behave in the international trade market: There are five stages in a product's life cycle in respect to the Product Life Cycle Theory: The location of production depends on the sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10135822 |
Product life-cycle theory When many potential new customers have bought the product, it enters the next stage In the maturity stage of the Product life cycle, the product is widely known and many consumers own it. In the maturity phase of the product life cycle, demand levels off and sales volume increases at a slower ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10135822 |
Product life-cycle theory It is a stage in which there is neither increase nor decrease in the volume of sale. Through modification in the attribute of the product is needed to attract new consumers. Competitors product at this stage would have started gaining its market share By this time in the product’s life cycle, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10135822 |
Sunset industry A sunset industry is an industry in decline, one that has passed its peak or boom periods. As one example, analogue recording technologies for audio or video have been supplanted by digital equivalents; although analogue equipment is still offered, sales have declined dramatically and are not expected t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10162367 |
Heston model In finance, the Heston model, named after Steven Heston, is a mathematical model describing the evolution of the volatility of an underlying asset. It is a stochastic volatility model: such a model assumes that the volatility of the asset is not constant, nor even deterministic, but follows a random proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10163132 |
Heston model In the Chen model the dynamics of the instantaneous interest rate are specified by A fundamental concept in derivatives pricing is that of the Risk-neutral measure; this is explained in further depth in the above article. For our purposes, it is sufficient to note the following: Consider a general situatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10163132 |
Heston model In the Heston model, we still have one asset (volatility is not considered to be directly observable or tradeable in the market) but we now have two Wiener processes - the first in the Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) for the asset and the second in the SDE for the stochastic volatility. Here, the di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10163132 |
Heston model Under the Heston model, the price of vanilla options is given analytically, but requires a numerical method to compute the integral. Le Floc'h summarizes the various quadratures applied and proposes an efficient adaptive Filon quadrature. The calibration problem involves the gradient of the objective funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10163132 |
Inorganic growth is the rate of growth of business, sales expansion etc. by increasing output and business reach by acquiring new businesses by way of mergers, acquisitions and take-overs. This kind of growth also takes place due to government directives, leading to enhancement of business in some identified priority s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10174721 |
Law of the handicap of a head start The law of the handicap of a head start (original Dutch: "") or dialectics of lead is a theory that suggests that an initial head start in a given area may result in a handicap in the long term. The term was coined in 1937 by Jan Romein, a Dutch journalist and historian, in his essay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10176765 |
Law of the handicap of a head start In common terms, societies, companies, and individuals are often confronted with the decision to either invest now and get a fast return, or put off the investment until a new technology has emerged and possibly make a bigger profit then. For example, a regular problem for individual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10176765 |
Law of the handicap of a head start Romania got access to the latest and the greatest equipment in a time where it hadn't laid down any cables, but the US has already done that in the past. Upgrades from the American point of view would like a waste of money, as their equipment is already "doing the job". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10176765 |
The Death of Economics is a book written by Paul Ormerod. According to the author the title does not imply that the study of economies is not of great importance but rather it argues that conventional economics offers a misleading view of how the world operates and needs to be replaced. The book is split into two parts... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10181158 |
The Armchair Economist The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life is an economics book written by Rochester professor of economics Steven Landsburg. The first edition appeared in 1993. A revised and updated edition appeared in May 2012. The underlying theme of the book, as Landsburg states on the first page, i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10192615 |
Political risk is a type of risk faced by investors, corporations, and governments that political decisions, events, or conditions will significantly affect the profitability of a business actor or the expected value of a given economic action. can be understood and managed with reasoned foresight and investment. The t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10214430 |
Political risk A low level of political risk in a given country does not necessarily correspond to a high degree of political freedom. Indeed, some of the more stable states are also the most authoritarian. Long-term assessments of political risk must account for the danger that a politically oppressive environment is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10214430 |
Political risk Macro political risks affect all participants in a given country. A common misconception is that macro-level political risk only looks at country-level political risk; however, the coupling of local, national, and regional political events often means that events at the local level may have follow-on eff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10214430 |
Political risk DaMina Advisors is focused on frontier markets such as Africa. iStrategic LLC is focused on the Middle East and North Africa. Micro-level political risks are project-specific risks. In addition to the macro political risks, companies have to pay attention to the industry and relative contribution of thei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10214430 |
Political risk port operations of P&O, which might have been avoided with more clear understanding of the US climate at the time. is also relevant for government project decision-making, whereby government initiatives (be they diplomatic or military or other) may be complicated as a result of political risk. Whereas po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10214430 |
Bootstrapping (finance) In finance, bootstrapping is a method for constructing a (zero-coupon) fixed-income yield curve from the prices of a set of coupon-bearing products, e.g. bonds and swaps. A "bootstrapped curve", correspondingly, is one where the prices of the instruments used as an "input" to the curve, will be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10218909 |
Bootstrapping (finance) The general methodology is as follows: (1) Define the set of yielding products - these will generally be coupon-bearing bonds; (2) Derive discount factors for the corresponding terms - these are the internal rates of return of the bonds; (3) 'Bootstrap' the zero-coupon curve, successively calibr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10218909 |
Bootstrapping (finance) For each stage of the iterative process, we are interested in deriving the n-year zero-coupon bond yield, also known as the internal rate of return of the zero-coupon bond. As there are no intermediate payments on this bond, (all the interest and principal is realized at the end of n years) it i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10218909 |
Bootstrapping (finance) The reason for the change is that, post-crisis, the overnight rate is the rate paid on the collateral (variation margin) posted by counterparties on most CSAs. The forward values of the overnight rate can be read from the overnight index swap curve. "OIS-discounting" is now standard, and is some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10218909 |
Fonds de Garantie des Depôts The Fonds de Garantie des Dépôts is a French deposit insurance fund. It was established on June 25, 1999 and guarantees deposits up to €100,000. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10220421 |
Aplia Inc. is an educational technology company founded in 2000 by Stanford University professor Paul Romer that offers online homework products geared toward college-level courses. In March 2007 Cengage Learning (formerly Thomson Learning) acquired Inc. was based in Belmont, California until March 2014, when it reloca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10232105 |
Aplia Assignment types include problem sets, news analyses, tutorials, and (for economics) interactive market experiments. is often integrated with textbooks from different publishers. Aplia's questions are written by content experts in their respective fields and the problem sets match the tone, difficulty level, styl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10232105 |
Aplia Some anecdotal evidence has been found that schools administration have found value in the micromanagement software features that offers, especially with keeping students on track with their assignments and increasing engagement and participation in the classroom. Chapter assignments (or problem sets)--groups of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10232105 |
Aplia Developmental Reading, for instance, uses audio so students can hear how vocabulary words are pronounced; Logic uses interactive Venn diagrams, truth tables, and natural deduction proofs so students keep learning the material hands-on. keeps instructors informed about student participation, progress, and real-tim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10232105 |
Aplia One employee told Computer World "The employees were warned that speaking to the news media meant loss of severance" Once the story broke the company ignored media contacts and plowed ahead on a double down strategy of cutting costs and pressuring employees vs focusing on a total quality management strategy that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10232105 |
Howl and Other Poems is a collection of poetry by Allen Ginsberg published November 1, 1956. It contains Ginsberg's most famous poem, "Howl", which is considered to be one of the principal works of the Beat Generation as well as "A Supermarket in California", "Transcription of Organ Music", "Sunflower Sutra", "America"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=10234166 |
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