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Question: <p>I have a little perplexity trying to distinguish <em>parametric</em> vs <em>non-parametric</em> generative model.</p>
<p>In my understanding, a <strong>parametric</strong> generative model would try to learn the probability density function by estimating the parameters of an underlying distribution we are ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/36308/parametric-vs-non-parametric-generative-models | 8,341 |
Question: <p>I am wondering how a plain auto encoder is a generative model though its version might be but how can a plain auto encoder can be generative. I know that Vaes which is a version of the autoencoder is generative as it generates distribution for latent variables and whole data explicitly. But I am not able t... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/36118/is-plain-autoencoder-a-generative-model | 8,342 |
Question: <p>I just finished reading this paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10137" rel="nofollow noreferrer">MoFlow: An Invertible Flow Model for Generating Molecular Graphs</a>.</p>
<p>The paper, which is about generating molecular graphs with certain chemical properties improved the SOTA at the time of writin... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/27720/are-generative-models-actually-used-in-practice-for-industrial-drug-design | 8,343 |
Question: <p>From what I have understood reading the UCT paper <a href="http://ggp.stanford.edu/readings/uct.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Bandit based monte-carlo planning</a>, by Levente Kocsis and Csaba Szepesvári, MCTS/UCT requires a generative model. </p>
<ol>
<li><p>Does it mean that, in case there is no genera... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/3290/can-we-use-mcts-without-a-generative-model | 8,344 |
Question: <p>I'm looking for a modern machine learning book with graduate-level treatment of more recent topics such as diffusion and generative models, transformers etc.</p>
<p>I have a hard copy of <em>Deep Learning</em> by Goodfellow and Bengio; while I liked the book and read it extensively when it was published, i... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/41439/modern-graduate-level-machine-learning-books-with-focus-on-generative-models | 8,345 |
Question: <p>There are newer PRNGs like xoshiro/xoroshiro that have better quality than Mersenne Twister or WELL in a way that they pass statistical tests. Is the use of a better PRNG algorithm crucial to improve the output of generative models? (Anyway I couldn't find any information about what PRNGs are used in popul... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/47745/is-the-quality-of-generative-model-outputs-affected-by-the-quality-of-their-prng | 8,346 |
Question: <p>How does one tell if a given model is generative AI or predictive AI?</p>
<p>Do generative models have more outputs than inputs and <em>vice versa</em> for predictive models?</p>
Answer: <p>It's hard nowadays to draw a distinct line between the two with the advent of conditional generation and normalizing... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/46020/how-to-tell-if-a-model-is-generative-vs-predictive | 8,347 |
Question: <p>Given a generative model, G, trained on a dataset D. This generative model can be either GAN or Diffusion based. Supposed each sample, x_i, generated by G, can be evaluated by a readily available scoring function, S(x_i).</p>
<p>What are the possible ways to navigate the latent space of G to find generated... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/41608/maximize-a-scoring-function-within-the-latent-space-of-a-generative-model | 8,348 |
Question: <p>If the concern with using generative models for question answering is that these models aren't always producing factual information, why is it that people are using these models with Retrieval Augmented Generation (Open Generative QA/Closed Generative QA), rather than using a transformers-based extractive ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/43646/why-is-generative-qa-rag-so-popular-when-extractive-qa-models-exist-that-can-p | 8,349 |
Question: <p>I'm trying to come up with a generative model that can input a name and output all valid formats of it. </p>
<p>For example, "Bob Dylan" could be an input and the gen model will output "Dylan, Bob", "B Dylan", "Bob D" and any other type of valid formatting of a person's name. So given my example the gen... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/15978/whats-a-good-generative-model-for-creating-valid-formats-of-a-persons-name | 8,350 |
Question: <h3>Background</h3>
<p><strong>Generative modeling</strong> <br>
Generative modeling aims to model the probability of observing an observation <code>x</code>.
<span class="math-container">$$
p(x) = \frac{p(y\cap x)}{p(y|x)}
$$</span></p>
<p><strong>Representation Learning</strong></p>
<p>Instead of trying to ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/41818/what-is-x-y-px-py-in-generative-model-domain | 8,351 |
Question: <p>In the 2015 paper "<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.03585.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics</a>" by Sohl-Dickstein et al. on diffusion for generative models, Figure 1 shows the forward trajectory for a 2-d swiss-roll image using Gauss... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/40021/blurring-of-image-in-generative-model-using-diffusion-probabilistic-method | 8,352 |
Question: <p>I don't really understand the reason of this. I have listed the outputs of different models below.</p>
<p>Gan (source: self made simple GAN for CIFAR10)</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/U0gJW0ED.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/U0gJW0ED.png" alt="enter image description h... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/46021/why-generative-models-produce-mesh-structure-at-the-beginning | 8,353 |
Question: <p>OpenAI seems to be avoiding branding their reasoning models as "GPTs. See, for example, <a href="https://platform.openai.com/docs/models" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this page</a> from their API docs, which has one column for "GPT models" and another for "Reasoning models." Are the r... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/47974/are-the-newer-openai-models-such-as-o1-not-generative-pretrained-transformers | 8,354 |
Question: <p>Although the GAN is widely used due to its capability, there were generative models before the GAN which are based on probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian networks, Markov networks, etc.</p>
<p>It is now a well-known fact that GANs are excelling at image generation tasks. But I am not sure wheth... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/30055/is-image-generation-not-existent-before-generative-adversarial-networks | 8,355 |
Question: <p>If we have a neural network that learns the generative model for <span class="math-container">$P(A, B, C)$</span>, the joint PDF of the random variables <span class="math-container">$A$</span>, <span class="math-container">$B$</span>, and <span class="math-container">$C$</span>.</p>
<p>Now, we want to lear... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/12128/given-the-generative-model-pa-b-c-would-it-be-faster-to-learn-pa-b-c-d | 8,356 |
Question: <p>I've curated a dataset of player-made Minecraft builds. Each unique Minecraft block is tokenized and treated as a unique "word" like in NLP. I've trained a Skip-Gram model on the dataset (using context "cubes" and target "blocks" as opposed to windows and words). Plotting the ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/46940/which-generative-model-architecture-and-loss-function-should-i-use-to-train-on | 8,357 |
Question: <p>Of my understanding mode-collapse is when there happen to be multiple classes in the dataset and the generative network converges to only one of these classes and generates images only within this class. On training the model more, the model converges to another class.</p>
<p>In Goodfellows NeurIPS presen... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/16441/how-exactly-does-adversarial-training-help-in-handling-mode-collapse-in-generati | 8,358 |
Question: <p>There are lots of explanations on DGM (Deep Generative Model) and generative classifier (most of the explanations on which are about generative classifier vs discriminative classifier)</p>
<p>But, I can hardly find the common parts between the two concepts. In my understanding, 'generative' from DGM is qui... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/38925/what-is-the-difference-between-the-term-generative-in-classical-machine-learni | 8,359 |
Question: <p>I have a quick question regarding the use of different latent spaces to represent a distribution. Why is it that a Gaussian is usually used to represent the latent space of the generative model rather than say a hypercube? Is it because a Gaussian has most of its distribution centred around the origin rat... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/21129/why-do-hypercube-latent-spaces-perform-poorer-than-gaussian-latent-spaces-in-gen | 8,360 |
Question: <p>Suppose there are dataset of handwritten digit of zero. We know that human handwritten are not perfects. But here the model will tries to draw the <strong>ideal version</strong> of the digit, e.g. perfect circle.</p>
<p>Because I accidentally trained GAN where all random latent vectors input is almost iden... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/46962/is-there-such-generative-model-that-drawing-idealized-version-of-dataset | 8,361 |
Question: <p>When I was reading about discriminative vs generative models, I came across their definitions:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Given a distribution of inputs <span class="math-container">$X$</span> and labels <span class="math-container">$Y:$</span></p>
<p>Discriminative models learn the conditional distribution <span... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/45040/what-does-it-mean-to-learn-a-distribution-and-what-does-it-contain | 8,362 |
Question: <p>Consider the following statement from the abstract of the paper titled <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.2661.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Generative Adversarial Nets</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>We propose a new framework for estimating generative models via an
adversarial process, in which we simultaneous... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/29946/which-probability-distribution-a-generator-in-generative-adversarial-network-ga | 8,363 |
Question: <p>I am aware that there is a plethora of deep generative models out there (e.g. variational autoencoders (VAE), GANs) that can model high-dimensional data as the images of latent variables under a non-linear mapping (typically neural network).</p>
<p>In more traditional methods such as probabilistic PCA, the... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/42418/pointers-to-deep-latent-variable-models-that-admit-analytical-approximations | 8,364 |
Question: <h3>Background</h3>
<p>I'm an undergraduate student with research interests in a field of physics that has significant overlap with graph theory, and a functioning knowledge of how simple neural nets work and how to build them with TensorFlow and Keras. As many people are, I'm fascinated by the recent advance... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/41921/how-can-i-improve-this-toy-graph-neural-network-generative-language-model | 8,365 |
Question: <p>I understand why deep generative models like DBN ( deep belief nets ) or DBM ( deep boltzmann machines ) are able to capture underlying structures in data and use it for various tasks ( classification, regression, multimodal representations etc ...).</p>
<p>But for the classification tasks like in <a hre... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/9933/why-is-the-last-layer-of-a-dbn-or-dbm-used-for-classification-task | 8,366 |
Question: <p>Epistemic uncertainty is uncertainty that arises from a lack of knowledge, for instance in machine learning epistemic uncertainty can be caused by a lack of training data. Estimating epistemic uncertainty is important for useful AI systems, since it allows the AI to "know that it doesn't know", t... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/48038/what-are-the-leading-methods-to-estimate-epistemic-uncertainty-in-large-language | 8,367 |
Question: <p>Consider the following abstract from the research paper titled <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.01973.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">A Note on the Inception Score</a> for instance</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Deep generative models are powerful tools that have produced
impressive results in recent years. These a... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/35100/should-i-need-to-interpret-the-word-metric-in-performance-metric-rigorously | 8,368 |
Question: <p>Although the main stream research is on Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) using Multi Layer Percepteons (MLPs). The original paper titled <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.2661.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Generative Adversarial Nets</a> clealry says, in abstract, that GAN is possible with out MLP ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/29947/are-there-any-generative-adversarial-networks-without-multi-layer-perceptrons | 8,369 |
Question: <p>I see that domain adaptation and transfer learning has been widely adopted in image classification and semantic segmentation analysis. But it's still lacking in providing solutions to enterprise data, for example, solving problems related to business processes?</p>
<p>I want to know what characteristics of... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/23396/why-is-domain-adaptation-and-generative-modelling-for-knowledge-graphs-still-not | 8,370 |
Question: <p>My question relates to full-text translators that are not specifically based on LLMs. My current understanding is that the term Generative AI goes beyond LLMs and that the full-text translators (especially those which are based on artificial neural networks) also fall into this category.</p>
<p><a href="ht... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/43554/do-full-text-translators-such-as-deepl-or-google-translate-fall-under-the-term | 8,371 |
Question: <p>What I know about CRF is that they are discriminative models, while HMM are generative models, but, in the inference method, both use the same algorithm, that is, the Viterbi algorithm, and forward and backward algorithms.</p>
<p>Does CRF use the same features as HMM, namely features transition and state ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/13691/what-are-the-differences-between-crf-and-hmm | 8,372 |
Question: <p>Given that I'm training a generative model, (say a <em>generative adversarial network</em>), and I know that my (real) inputs (let's say vectors <span class="math-container">$\textbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^n$</span>) satisfy linear constraints of the form e.g. <span class="math-container">$a_1\textbf{x}_1 + \do... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/34762/is-there-a-way-to-inject-linear-constrains-during-gan-training | 8,373 |
Question: <p>I found the following paragraph from <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.02691" rel="nofollow noreferrer">An Introduction to
Variational Autoencoders</a> sounds relevant, but I am not fully understanding it.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A VAE learns stochastic mappings between an observed <span class="math-containe... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/32161/how-does-the-vae-learn-a-joint-distribution | 8,374 |
Question: <p>Let us assume that I am working on a dataset of black and white dog images.</p>
<p>Each image is of size <span class="math-container">$28 \times 28$</span>.</p>
<p>Now, I can say that I have a sample space <span class="math-container">$S$</span> of all possible images. And <span class="math-container">$p_{... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/25557/confusion-between-function-learned-and-the-underlying-distribution | 8,375 |
Question: <p>In the research paper titled <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.1784.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets</a> by <em>Mehdi Mirza and Simon Osindero</em>, there is a notion of conditioning a neural network on a class label.</p>
<p>It is mentioned in the abstract that we ne... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/30025/is-there-any-difference-between-input-and-conditional-input-in-the-case-of-n | 8,376 |
Question: <p>The <a href="https://wiseodd.github.io/techblog/2016/12/17/conditional-vae/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE)</a>, introduced in the paper <a href="https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5775-learning-structured-output-representation-using-deep-conditional-generative-models.pdf" r... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/13698/is-there-a-continuous-conditional-variational-auto-encoder | 8,377 |
Question: <p>I have come across <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.07375.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> research paper where a Variational Autoencoder is used to map multiple styles from reference images to a linear latent space and then transfer the style to another image like this:
<a href="https://i.sstati... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/34515/how-can-a-vae-learn-to-generate-a-style-for-neural-style-transfer | 8,378 |
Question: <p>I have been reading about <a href="https://deepai.org/machine-learning-glossary-and-terms/autoregressive-model" rel="nofollow noreferrer">autoregressive models</a>. Based on what I've read, it seems to me that all autoregressive models use <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/deeplearning/comments/cgqpde/what... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/28384/why-is-ancestral-sampling-used-in-autoregressive-models | 8,379 |
Question: <p>Consider the following two paragraphs taken from the paper titles <strong><a href="https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2014/file/5ca3e9b122f61f8f06494c97b1afccf3-Paper.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Generative Adversarial Nets</a></strong> by <em>Ian J. Goodfellow et.al</em></p>
<p>#1: <strong>Abstract</s... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/36296/what-should-be-taken-as-random-variables-in-the-distributions-of-datasets | 8,380 |
Question: <p>Most machine learning models, such as multilayer perceptrons, require a fixed-length input and output, but generative (pre-trained) transformers can produce sentences or full articles of variable length. How is this possible?</p>
Answer: <p>In short, repetition with feedback.</p>
<p>You are correct that m... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/26531/how-are-certain-machine-learning-models-able-to-produce-variable-length-outputs | 8,381 |
Question: <p>I'm new to diffusion models so I'm trying to familiarize myself with the theory.</p>
<p>In the article <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13456" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations</a> (Song and al.), it's explained that we need to solve the ... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/47142/connexion-between-noise-and-score-in-diffusion-models | 8,382 |
Question: <p>In programming, if a new language could be improved by the language itself, it’s call self-hosting or bootstrapping.</p>
<p>To develop generative AI, there’s some steps, data preparing, model training, fine tuning. Is it possible to use AI it self to help with these steps and make big improvement in effici... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/41039/could-generative-ai-bootstrap | 8,383 |
Question: <p>When looking at the deep learning courses offered by top universities in the United States that are available online (not MOOCs, but actual classes), a few schools still cover (Restricted) Boltzmann Machines, although they are not many. However, I noticed that these techniques are not frequently applied no... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/46048/do-we-still-need-to-learn-about-boltzmann-machines | 8,384 |
Question: <p>Generative AI is being used to create amazing art; first through paid services like Midjourney and now also with free, open source alternatives like Stable Diffusion. Now you can even generate art in a particular style, first with Google's Dreambooth and later with open-source implementations of the same.<... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/37734/are-there-free-and-open-source-audio-versions-of-generative-ai-programs-like-sta | 8,385 |
Question: <p>I'm trying to gain some intuition beyond definitions, in any possible dimension. I'd appreciate references to read.</p>
Answer: <p>The intution that I have about these is that generative are "from abstract to concrete" whereas discriminative models are "from concrete to abstract".</p>
<p>For example: Det... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/2106/how-can-one-intuitively-understand-generative-v-s-discriminative-models-specifi | 8,386 |
Question: <p>I am interested in what insights can be gained about the mathematical class of auto-regressive encoder-decoders (LLMs), by comparing them to topological neural networks.</p>
<p>Specifically, I am looking for similarities and differences in their structures, behaviors, and mathematical properties.</p>
<p>In... | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/41030/comparing-auto-regressive-encoder-decoders-and-topological-neural-networks | 8,387 |
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