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Logic for the Q&A below: Insects may live in large colonies and have complex social behaviors. Insects are the only arthropod to have wings. Arthropods with wings may live in large colonies and have complex social behaviors.
Q: Arthropods with what may live in large colonies and have complex social behaviors.
Options:
- (A) fur
- (B) gills
- (C) animals
- (D) complex
- (E) Wasps
- (F) vertebrae
- (G) Flowers
- (H) wings
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. Mitosis is cell division. Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during mitosis.
Q: What are the form of the genetic material of a cell during mitosis?
Options:
- (A) chromosomes
- (B) graptolites
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) pollen
- (F) Leptospirosis
- (G) animals
- (H) it can be seen
A: (A)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Flowers attract animal pollinators. Bees are effective pollinators. Flowers attract bees.
Q: Bees are attracted to?
Options:
- (A) plant life
- (B) tree bark
- (C) orchids
- (D) plants
- (E) flowers
- (F) plant stems
- (G) shrub leaves
- (H) bushes
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Flowing water can slowly dissolve carbon in sedimentary rock. Limestone is an organic, sedimentary rock. Flowing water can slowly dissolve carbon in limestone.
| Q: Flowing water can slowly _ carbon in limestone.
Options:
- (A) alter
- (B) destroy
- (C) erode
- (D) allow growth
- (E) dissolve
- (F) heat
- (G) a solute
- (H) rain
A: (E)
-- | 9 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic for the Q&A below: Plants have specialized reproductive organs. Most people know that the Venus Flytrap is a carnivorous plant. The Venus Flytrap has specialized reproductive organs.
Q: Which has specialized reproductive organs?
Options:
- (A) Clouds
- (B) Conifers
- (C) River
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) Venus flytrap
- (F) animals
- (G) mammals
- (H) Mountain
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Lakes are generally bigger and deeper than ponds. Scotland s lochs , including the famous Loch Ness, are glacial lakes. Lochs are bigger and deeper than ponds.
Q: What is larger than ponds?
Options:
- (A) rivers
- (B) deltas
- (C) H 2 O
- (D) loch
- (E) toads
- (F) drop
- (G) puddle
- (H) bird bath
A: (D)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Population size influences the chances of a species surviving. Survival is to live, to live means hope. Population size influences the chances of a species living.
Q: What does population size influence on a species?
Options:
- (A) Quality of life
- (B) their migration pattern
- (C) their home
- (D) characteristics
- (E) Plant reproduction
- (F) their chance of living
- (G) their food preference
- (H) metabolic reaction
A: (F)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring. Fetus is Latin for offspring or young one. Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to their young.
| Q: What is the process by which organisms give rise to their young?
Options:
- (A) Summer
- (B) cell division
- (C) autumn
- (D) Plants growth
- (E) peachleaf willow
- (F) ejaculation
- (G) reproduction
- (H) mating rituals
A: (G)
-- | 9 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Bones provide an outer shell to protect our internal organs. Soft tissues and internal organs need an outer shell for protection.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *An animal's outer shell protects internal organs and:
Options:
- (A) food and shelter
- (B) epidermal
- (C) Epidermis
- (D) all matter
- (E) soft tissues
- (F) alveoli
- (G) warmth
- (H) layers of fat*
Logic of a solution: *Humans have collected and grown mushrooms for food for thousands of years. Yeast and mushrooms are types of fungus. Humans have collected and grown fungus for food for thousands of years.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What living thing has collected and grown fungus as a source of food for thousands of years?
Options:
- (A) humans
- (B) grocery stores
- (C) honeybees
- (D) animals
- (E) pigs
- (F) fungi
- (G) trees
- (H) plants*
Line 1: *Vesicle transport requires energy, so it is also a form of active transport. Synaptic vesicles glutamate transporter 5. Glutamate transport requires energy.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Glutamate transport requires what?
Options:
- (A) chemicals
- (B) flavoring
- (C) glucose
- (D) energy
- (E) MSG
- (F) Energy.
- (G) chop sui
- (H) oxygen*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Familiar types of gamete include the female ovum , or egg cell, and the male sperm cell. Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote.*
*(B)*
The original question: *When gametes fuse, the resultant zygote is:
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) diploid
- (C) Flowers
- (D) grow
- (E) infected
- (F) It expands
- (G) pollen
- (H) seeds*
Line 1: *Aggression is behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. Curses are spells that are often intended to cause harm to another person. Curses are a form of aggression.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What is a curse?
Options:
- (A) a form of aggression
- (B) Something coming from a gland
- (C) after too much water received
- (D) forest is destroyed
- (E) friendly behavior
- (F) a form of love
- (G) nonaggressive
- (H) death and devastation*
Line 1: *Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.*
*(G)*
Line 2: | *Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that:
Options:
- (A) reproduce
- (B) tadpoles
- (C) Loose
- (D) form sand
- (E) are still attached
- (F) allow growth
- (G) break off
- (H) fungal* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body?
Options:
- (A) Thyroxine
- (B) Smoking
- (C) fever
- (D) bioaerosols
- (E) acetic acid
- (F) sweating
- (G) Power plants
- (H) heat produced
(A)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Thyroid hormones increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body. Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, is an aryl iodide. Thyroxine increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body.]]
Ques and Ans: What detects hybrids of the substance that helps assemble proteins?
Options:
- (A) orchids
- (B) sensory neurons
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) luminometer
- (E) A computer
- (F) animals
- (G) A Greek letter
- (H) scattered light
(D)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[DNA contains genetic instructions for proteins, and RNA helps assemble the proteins. RNA hybrids are then detected by a luminometer. A luminometer detects hybrids of the substance that helps assemble proteins.]]
Ques and Ans: The loss in length of what causes cells to age?
Options:
- (A) fur and fat
- (B) layers of fat
- (C) cell membrane
- (D) sunlight
- (E) Chlorophyll
- (F) telomeres
- (G) programmed cell death
- (H) cancer
(F)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Aging occurs as cells lose their ability to divide. Portions of the telomeres are lost each time a cell divides. Aging occurs as cells lose their telomeres.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Introns are regions that do not code for proteins. Prokaryotes lack introns, whereas eukaryotes contain introns. Prokaryotes lack regions that do not code for proteins, while eukaryotes do have them.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Prokaryotes lack regions that do not code for proteins, while this type of living being has them:
Options:
- (A) bioaerosols
- (B) layers of fat
- (C) orchids
- (D) animals
- (E) critical organs
- (F) sensory neurons
- (G) eukaryotes
- (H) it needs them*
Logic of a solution: *Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Examples of monotremes are the Platypus and Echidna. Echidnas reproduce by laying eggs.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Echidnas reproduce how?
Options:
- (A) asexually
- (B) by indirect light
- (C) spread flower seeds
- (D) during the day
- (E) by birthing live young
- (F) by laying eggs
- (G) by budding
- (H) with their fur*
Line 1: *Flagella help prokaryotes move. Flagella are hair-like projections from the surface of cells. Hair-like projections from the surface of cells that help prokaryotes move.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What helps prokaryotes move?
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) heat energy
- (C) Feet.
- (D) Wheels.
- (E) Hair-like projections.
- (F) Moving vans.
- (G) Chemical energy
- (H) kinetic energy*
Logic of a solution: *Corals form large colonies in shallow tropical water. Huge colonies of hard corals form coral reefs . Reefs form in shallow tropical water.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What forms in shallow tropical water?
Options:
- (A) ocean
- (B) romance
- (C) bushes
- (D) ferns
- (E) reefs
- (F) bamboo
- (G) fossils
- (H) snorkelling*
Line 1: *Evolution occurs in response to a change in the environment. Animals react instinctively to changes in their environment. Evolution occurs in animals as they respond to change in their habitat.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What occurs in animals as they respond to changes in their habitat?
Options:
- (A) starvation
- (B) evolution
- (C) arousal
- (D) relocation
- (E) resistance
- (F) dependency
- (G) Leptospirosis
- (H) Movement*
Line 1: *Specialization occurs when competing species evolve different adaptations. Beaks show a lot of variation and specialization for different functions. Beak variation came about because of competing species evolving different adaptations.*
*(E)*
Line 2: | *What is the reason beak variation came about in birds?
Options:
- (A) By wind and rain
- (B) Attracting mates
- (C) It helps them survive
- (D) the Earth being tilted
- (E) Competing species evolving
- (F) it keeps an organism warm
- (G) To assist in flying
- (H) Warding off predators* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: Brain cells die quickly if their oxygen supply is cut off. Here, the lungs supply the blood with oxygen. Brain cells die quickly if their blood supply is cut off.
Q: What will die without a supply of blood?
Options:
- (A) plants
- (B) organs
- (C) brain cells
- (D) athletes
- (E) humans
- (F) species
- (G) critical organs
- (H) mushrooms
A: (C)
--
Chain-of-thought: Marine biomes are found in the salt water of the ocean. Another animal that lives within the Marine Biome is a sea tiger. Sea tigers are found in the salt water of the ocean.
Q: Where is the sea tiger found?
Options:
- (A) eroded
- (B) ocean
- (C) warm
- (D) fossils
- (E) dense
- (F) ligt
- (G) embryos
- (H) dead
A: (B)
--
Chain-of-thought: Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Plants are known as producers . Plants make food from inorganic molecules.
| Q: Plants make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) inorganic molecules
- (C) photosynthesis
- (D) Light passing through water
- (E) direct energy
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) In their leaves
A: (B)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Plants that shed their leaves seasonally each year are called deciduous plants. Grapevines are woody deciduous plants. Grapevines shed their leaves seasonally each year.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What kind of plant would shed its leaves each year?
Options:
- (A) it needs them
- (B) grapevines
- (C) burning coal
- (D) warm-blooded
- (E) When it's cold
- (F) white
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) homogenous*
Line 1: *Thyroid hormones increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body. Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, is an aryl iodide. Thyroxine increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Thyroxine increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the what?
Options:
- (A) Summer
- (B) body
- (C) state
- (D) skin
- (E) H 2 O
- (F) HIV
- (G) life
- (H) humans*
Logic of a solution: *All plants have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations. All trees are plants, including redwoods. All redwoods have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations.*
*(F)*
The original question: *All redwoods have a characteristic life cycle that includes what?
Options:
- (A) seed dispersal
- (B) alternation stations
- (C) biological diversity
- (D) The flowers are pollinated
- (E) sub-units of species
- (F) alternation of generations
- (G) alternation alteration
- (H) alternation of genetics*
Line 1: *Blood pH may become unbalanced if the rate of breathing is too fast or too slow. Mammals breathe with lungs. Blood pH may become unbalanced if the lungs are working too fast or too slow.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What may become unbalanced if the lungs are working too fast or too slow?
Options:
- (A) Decibels
- (B) hair on head
- (C) air pressure
- (D) gasoline levels
- (E) Acids
- (F) energy usage
- (G) brain chemistry
- (H) blood pH*
Logic of a solution: *Roots grow in length and width from primary and secondary meristem. Kids see the underground root systems of trees and then an aerial view of plants in the city. Underground systems grow in width and length.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What grow in width and length.?
Options:
- (A) crocodiles
- (B) sedimentary rocks
- (C) vegetation
- (D) remains of prehistoric life
- (E) swamp vegetation
- (F) shrub beds
- (G) underground systems
- (H) loose dirt*
Logic of a solution: *Playing is just one of many ways that mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Children learn through play and in other ways. Children and animals learn in many ways.*
*(E)*
The original question: | *How do children learn?
Options:
- (A) reusing materials
- (B) allow growth
- (C) by lying
- (D) Riding a bike
- (E) in many ways
- (F) exercise
- (G) by sleeping
- (H) just one way* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Sweat cools the body when it
Options:
- (A) Movement of an air mass
- (B) dry conditions
- (C) heat produced
- (D) Decreased precipitation
- (E) hydration
- (F) It expands
- (G) the environment
- (H) turns into a gas
(H)
Logic chain: Sweat wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body. Evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas. Sweat cools the body when it turns into a gas.
Ques and Ans: What comes from lifting heavy weights?
Options:
- (A) sizing
- (B) Dehydration
- (C) kinetic energy
- (D) contracting
- (E) Energy
- (F) forces
- (G) destroying
- (H) embellishing
(D)
Logic chain: Muscles can only contract. Muscle size comes from lifting heavy weights. Contracting comes from lifting heavy weights.
Ques and Ans: Evaporation of sweat uses what from the body?
Options:
- (A) expelled
- (B) Positive charges
- (C) all liquids
- (D) properties
- (E) Something to move
- (F) water vapor
- (G) kinetic energy
- (H) Cooling vapors
(G)
Logic chain: Evaporation of sweat uses energy, and the energy comes from body heat. Kinetic energy comes from heat. Evaporation of sweat uses kinetic energy from the body.
Ques and Ans: Frogs have a _-chambered heart.
Options:
- (A) alveoli
- (B) organ
- (C) ovaries
- (D) oxygen
- (E) edible
- (F) three
- (G) nektar
- (H) CO 2
(F)
Logic chain: | Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have a three-chambered heart. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Basically, heat is energy. Head hair is especially important in preventing energy loss from the body.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What does head hair prevent the loss of?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) chemicals
- (C) energy
- (D) sunlight
- (E) Nutrients
- (F) warmth
- (G) humidity
- (H) sweating*
Line 1: *Echinoderms lack respiratory and excretory systems. Echinoderms in the diorama include the crinoids and blastoids. Crinoids and blastoids lack respiratory and excretory systems.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What lack respiratory and excretory systems?
Options:
- (A) They may not survive.
- (B) members of their own species
- (C) platypus
- (D) humans
- (E) crinoids and blastoids
- (F) passenger pigeons
- (G) graptolites
- (H) whales*
Logic of a solution: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Organisms or living beings are literally things that are alive. Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean living beings.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Coral reefs provide what to many living beings in the ocean
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) salt and water.
- (C) shelter and amusement
- (D) survival
- (E) important habitats
- (F) food and water
- (G) water and fun
- (H) food and shelter*
Line 1: *Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood. Middle adulthood begins around age 35 to 40 and continues through age 65 to 70. Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually between 35 and 65 years old.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *In what timeframe does menopause typically occur?
Options:
- (A) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (B) an organism's body
- (C) Veins and arteries.
- (D) the rest of the body
- (E) By wind and rain
- (F) 35-65 years old
- (G) major threat to health
- (H) Decrease bodily water*
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have sense organs to smell and taste chemicals. Frogs, toads and salamanders are amphibians. Frogs, toads, and salamanders have sense organs to smell and taste chemicals.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What can frogs, toads and salamanders use to smell and taste chemicals?
Options:
- (A) sense organs
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) matter vibrating
- (D) larynx
- (E) Organic compounds
- (F) ocular organs
- (G) gills
- (H) harmful substances*
Logic of a solution: *All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Catalysts lower the activation energy. A catalyst can lower the energy cost of a chemical reaction.*
*(B)*
The original question: | *In what way does a catalyst help in chemical reactions?
Options:
- (A) Generating heat
- (B) lowered energy cost
- (C) metabolic reaction
- (D) heating liquids
- (E) by making heat
- (F) adding heat
- (G) increases a body's strength
- (H) preventing heat transfer* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What breathes with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.
Options:
- (A) Salmon.
- (B) Frogs.
- (C) parasites
- (D) Whales.
- (E) Mice.
- (F) a fish
- (G) air
- (H) tortoises
(B)
Logic chain: Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. All frogs are amphibians. Most frogs breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.
Ques and Ans: The bonds of that which when heavy is deuterium cause what to expand when it freezes?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) rings
- (C) CO 2
- (D) liquids
- (E) gas
- (F) solutes
- (G) cations
- (H) water
(H)
Logic chain: Hydrogen bonds cause water to expand when it freezes. Deuterium, or heavy hydrogen, is an isotope of hydrogen, or a hydrogen atom with a neutron added. The bonds of that which when heavy is Deuterium cause water to expand when it freezes.
Ques and Ans: What are important biomes?
Options:
- (A) important habitats
- (B) fruits, vegetables and plants
- (C) retaining heat
- (D) stars, comets and planets
- (E) cats, dogs and humans
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) marshes, bogs, and swamps
- (H) remains of prehistoric life
(G)
Logic chain: Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Palustrine wetlands include marshes, bogs, and swamps. Marshes, bogs and swamps are very important biomes.
Ques and Ans: Fur is a fiber that is found only in what type of animal?
Options:
- (A) goats
- (B) mammal
- (C) humans
- (D) mushrooms
- (E) animals
- (F) fish
- (G) protists
- (H) feet
(B)
Logic chain: | Hair is a fiber that is found only in mammals. Mammals have fur or hair. Fur is a fiber that is found only in mammals. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. All cells are microscopic in size. Cells can vary in shape, but they are all microscopic.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Cells pretty much al share this one characteristic:
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) voltage
- (C) aerobic capacity
- (D) microscopic
- (E) eukaryotic
- (F) bacteria
- (G) prokaryotic
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged DNA. DNA DNA DNA is a person's genetic fingerprint. Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged parts of a person's genetic fingerprint.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged what?
Options:
- (A) Veins and arteries.
- (B) biological diversity
- (C) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (D) a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
- (E) Addition
- (F) Person's genetic fingerprint
- (G) Mathematics division
- (H) Cell phones*
Logic of a solution: *Most people can survive only a few days without water. H20 Bottled water was generally consumed last year. Most people can survive only a few days without H20.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Most people can survive only a few days without what?
Options:
- (A) h2o
- (B) urea
- (C) CO2
- (D) beds
- (E) houses
- (F) air
- (G) NaCl
- (H) H20*
Line 1: *Evaporation of sweat uses energy, and the energy comes from body heat. When sweat is evaporated into the air, it provides additional cooling. Cooling uses energy, and the energy comes from body heat.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Energy that comes from body heat can help with
Options:
- (A) recovery
- (B) commuting
- (C) movement
- (D) cooling
- (E) strength
- (F) stay warm
- (G) health
- (H) motion*
Logic of a solution: *Male dogs use pheromones in urine to mark their territory. Pheromones are a sub-category of semiochemicals. Male dogs use semiochemicals in urine to mark their territory.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What uses semiochemicals in urine to mark territory?
Options:
- (A) koalas
- (B) bacteria
- (C) humans
- (D) dogs
- (E) bears
- (F) cats
- (G) the Sun
- (H) rabbit*
Logic of a solution: *Air pollution harms the respiratory and circulatory systems. Incinerated mercury pollutes the air. Incinerated mercury harms the respiratory and circulatory systems.*
*(D)*
The original question: | *What harms the respiratory and circulatory systems?
Options:
- (A) Greenhouse gasses
- (B) burning coal
- (C) inoculation
- (D) incinerated mercury
- (E) fossil fuels
- (F) water vapor
- (G) Sulfur dioxide
- (H) air* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Muscles can only contract. When contracted the triceps femoris pulls the thigh forward and extends the shank. Muscles like the triceps femoris are used to move bones.*
*(H)*
The original question: *The trcipes femoris is used to move what?
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) Mass
- (C) Weight
- (D) feet
- (E) matter
- (F) people
- (G) embryos
- (H) bones*
Logic of a solution: *Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphates from other enzymes. Cells secrete acids and bases to keep the proper pH for phosphatases to work properly.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What is needed from cells for phosphatases to keep the proper ph?
Options:
- (A) plasma
- (B) secretion of bases only
- (C) secretion of proteins
- (D) metabolic reaction
- (E) it helps plants in growing
- (F) Positive charges
- (G) Transfers energy
- (H) secretion of acids and bases*
Logic of a solution: *Mollusks are invertebrates such as the common snail. Mollusks are soft-bodied invertebrates. Mollusks, like the snail, are soft-bodied.*
*(G)*
The original question: | *What do mollusks have?
Options:
- (A) aerobic capacity
- (B) Energy
- (C) gastropod shells
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) a cuticle
- (F) kinetic energy
- (G) soft bodies
- (H) alveoli* | 6 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Cells that divide uncontrollably may form a tumor, or abnormal mass of cells. When p53 is mutated, cells divide uncontrollably. When p53 is mutated a tumor may form.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *If a tumor has formed, this gene might have mutated:
Options:
- (A) p53
- (B) SNPs
- (C) OCA 2
- (D) DNA
- (E) gene
- (F) tRNA
- (G) malignancy
- (H) TRH*
Logic of a solution: *Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. Gametes are haploid egg or sperm that fuse to form a zygote. Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces haploid cells.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces:
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) Plant reproduction
- (C) Most plants
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) Plants growth
- (F) haploid cells
- (G) spread flower seeds
- (H) rapid expansion*
Line 1: *Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. Examples of gametes are ova and spermatozoa. Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces ova and spermatozoa.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Meiosis is the type of _ that produces ova and spermatozoa.
Options:
- (A) permineralization
- (B) an organism's body
- (C) animals
- (D) Plant reproduction
- (E) Most plants
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) rapid expansion
- (H) cell division*
Logic of a solution: *Lions live in social groups called prides. Leo's symbol is the lion. Leo's symbols live in social groups called prides.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What live in social groups called prides?
Options:
- (A) insects
- (B) animals
- (C) Pride parades
- (D) humans
- (E) Social networks
- (F) fur seals
- (G) Leo's symbol
- (H) Social circles*
Line 1: *Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight. Sunlight is turned into energy by plants. Most ecosystems need plants.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Most ecosystems need what?
Options:
- (A) invasive species
- (B) water
- (C) insects
- (D) food
- (E) tornadoes
- (F) recycling
- (G) plants
- (H) scientists*
Line 1: *Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. Information on DNA is organized into genes. DNA codes for proteins.*
*(B)*
Line 2: | *Protein is made from:
Options:
- (A) Acids
- (B) DNA code
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) insects
- (E) animals
- (F) Energy.
- (G) Energy
- (H) food* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich soil. Earthworms by Casey Earthworms are invertebrates. Invertebrates can be deposit feeders.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Invertebrates can be what?
Options:
- (A) people
- (B) scarce resources
- (C) vertebrates
- (D) deposit feeders
- (E) Catch prey
- (F) major threat to health
- (G) more abundant
- (H) planets*
--
Line 1: *Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Within the body are the stomach and reproductive organs. Sperm had to swim from male to female organs within the body for fertilization.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Sperm had to swim from male to female what for fertilization?
Options:
- (A) The flowers are pollinated
- (B) seed dispersal
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) produce offspring
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) A compound that donates proton
- (G) metabolic reaction
- (H) Organs within the body.*
--
Line 1: *All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Chemical changes are a result of chemical reactions. All chemical changes require activation energy to occur.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What do all chemical changes require to occur?
Options:
- (A) during the day
- (B) heating liquids
- (C) Activation energy
- (D) wavelengths and photons
- (E) Burning fuel and air
- (F) kinetic energy
- (G) electromagnetic energy
- (H) direct energy*
--
Line 1: *Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Well, platypuses are mammals, and they lay eggs. Platypuses are monotremes.*
*(B)*
Line 2: | *A platypus is an example of _.
Options:
- (A) Marsupial.
- (B) Monotremes.
- (C) insects
- (D) animals
- (E) killing insects
- (F) Amphibian.
- (G) Placental mammal.
- (H) matter vibrating*
-- | 2 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Trees have woody stems covered with bark. Stems of plants include trunks and branches. Trees have woody trunks covered with bark.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What part of a tree would be woody and covered in bark?
Options:
- (A) shrub beds
- (B) the leaves
- (C) the roots
- (D) cacti
- (E) a sapling
- (F) Chlorophyll
- (G) the trunk
- (H) four limbs*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. If a female sperm fertilizes the egg, the result is a baby girl. A baby girl will be the result of female sperm fusing with an egg to form a diploid zygote.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What will be the result of female sperm fusing with an egg to form a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) baby girl
- (B) pollen
- (C) seeds
- (D) allow growth
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) litter
- (G) Plants growth
- (H) offspring*
Line 1: *Heterotrophs get food by eating other living things. Animals are heterotrophs, or other-feeders. Animals get food by eating other living things.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What do animals use as a food course?
Options:
- (A) it keeps an organism warm
- (B) water
- (C) Generating heat
- (D) Organic compounds
- (E) deadwood
- (F) light energy
- (G) other living things
- (H) inorganic*
Logic of a solution: *Lions live in social groups called prides. Leo's symbol is the lion. Leo's symbols live in social groups called prides.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What live in social groups called prides?
Options:
- (A) insects
- (B) animals
- (C) Pride parades
- (D) humans
- (E) Social networks
- (F) fur seals
- (G) Leo's symbol
- (H) Social circles*
Line 1: *Dilation occurs when cell walls relax. When oxygen level decreases, dilatation of the blood vessels occurs. Decreased oxygen levels cause blood vessels to dilate and cell walls to relax.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What causes cell walls to relax?
Options:
- (A) exercise
- (B) sweating
- (C) adding heat
- (D) Energy
- (E) dilation
- (F) heat or cold
- (G) heat
- (H) Dehydration*
Line 1: *Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Seed refers to offspring, children. Living things use reproduction to have children.*
*(F)*
Line 2: | *How do living things have children?
Options:
- (A) death
- (B) people
- (C) humans
- (D) babies
- (E) it needs them
- (F) reproduction
- (G) mitosis
- (H) production* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What has a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart?
Options:
- (A) frogs
- (B) a fish
- (C) salmon
- (D) alpacas
- (E) Man
- (F) Birds
- (G) sharks
- (H) pan*
Line 1: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Frogs, toads and salamanders are amphibians. Frogs, toads and salamanders have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What sort of circulatory system do frogs, toads, and salamanders share?
Options:
- (A) live birth
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) matter vibrating
- (D) two-chambered heart
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) biological diversity
- (G) three-chambered heart
- (H) four-chambered heart*
Logic of a solution: *Streams may start with runoff or water seeping out of a spring. Sulfur occurs native in the vicinity of volcanoes and hot springs. Streams may start with runoff or water seeping out of a body of water where sulfur occurs.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Streams may start with runoff seeping out of water containing what?
Options:
- (A) chemicals
- (B) Nutrients
- (C) Nitrous oxide
- (D) Helium
- (E) Lithium
- (F) Sulfur
- (G) soil
- (H) Sediment*
Line 1: *Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. Herbivores eat producers and are called first order consumers. Herbivores eat producers or other living things.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Herbivores eat producers or other what?
Options:
- (A) roadkill
- (B) Most plants
- (C) living things
- (D) scarce resources
- (E) carcasses
- (F) dead things
- (G) Chemical energy
- (H) Organic compounds*
Logic of a solution: *Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Heat production is increased by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis . Heat production occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What ccurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once?
Options:
- (A) heat production
- (B) heat loss
- (C) sweating
- (D) permineralization
- (E) hypothermia
- (F) resistance
- (G) cramping
- (H) heat energy*
Logic of a solution: *Molecules of DNA are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do. DNA DNA DNA is a person's genetic fingerprint. Molecules of a person's genetic fingerprint are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do.*
*(D)*
The original question: | *Molecules of what are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do?
Options:
- (A) Earth revolving around the sun
- (B) A compound that donates proton
- (C) Something that comes in a bundle of fibers
- (D) A person's genetic fingerprint
- (E) characteristics
- (F) a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
- (G) Electrical energy
- (H) it helps plants in growing* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Endocrine hormones travel throughout the body in the blood. For the tourists, there are many places to travel. Endocrine hormones move from place to place in the body through the blood.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Endocrine hormones move from place to place through the
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) ovaries
- (C) Man
- (D) humans
- (E) blood
- (F) hair
- (G) skin
- (H) scales*
Logic of a solution: *Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and nutrients than standing water. Mineral nutrients are interrelated. Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and minerals than standing water.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Running water is able to do what to minerals and oxygen?
Options:
- (A) evaporation
- (B) dissolve them
- (C) reducing acid rain
- (D) recycling
- (E) clean them
- (F) separate them
- (G) hydration
- (H) cool them*
Line 1: *Mammals breathe with the help of a diaphragm. Hiccups are caused by involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, the muscle beneath the lungs. Mammals breathe with the help of a muscle below the lungs.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Mammals find breath through the action of what thing beneath their lungs?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) the skin
- (C) muscle
- (D) organ
- (E) lmestone
- (F) oxygen
- (G) gas
- (H) Epidermis*
Logic of a solution: *Sex hormones are chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction. Chemical messengers carry signals from one nerve branch to another. Sex hormones carry signals that control sexual development and reproduction.*
*(B)*
The original question: *_ carry signals that control sexual development and reproduction.
Options:
- (A) photons
- (B) sex hormones
- (C) nerves
- (D) Most plants
- (E) organs
- (F) orchids
- (G) animals
- (H) insects*
Line 1: *Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Hair is actually composed of a protein called keratin. Keratin is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What is important in preventing heat loss from the body?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) a cuticle
- (C) stay warm
- (D) sweating
- (E) warmth
- (F) skin
- (G) keratin
- (H) Animal fur*
Line 1: *Many plants respond to the days growing shorter in the fall by going dormant. After the autumnal equinox, days gradually shorten in the Northern Hemisphere. Many plants respond to the autumnal equinox by going dormant.*
*(C)*
Line 2: | *Many plants go dormant during the
Options:
- (A) heat or cold
- (B) earth's revolving
- (C) autumnal equinox
- (D) colder and wetter
- (E) It helps them survive
- (F) cloudy and rainy weather
- (G) Plant growth is reduced
- (H) fire conditions* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Scientists agree that HIV causes Aids. AIDS infects and destroys helper T cells.
Q: What infects and destroys helper t cells?
Options:
- (A) swea
- (B) Wasps
- (C) AIDS
- (D) CO 2
- (E) PDAs
- (F) humans
- (G) heat
- (H) anemia
A: (C)
--
Chain-of-thought: Fish have a centralized nervous system with a brain. Sharks are a type of fish. Sharks have a centralized nervous system with a brain.
Q: What has a centralized nervous system with a brain?
Options:
- (A) Man
- (B) Birds
- (C) leeches
- (D) shark
- (E) evergreens
- (F) salmon
- (G) worms
- (H) pan
A: (D)
--
Chain-of-thought: Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Vertebrae, ribs, appendages, and the jaw are endoskeletal bone. Ribs provide protection for internal organs.
| Q: What provides protection for internal organs?
Options:
- (A) fur
- (B) cuticle
- (C) ribs
- (D) skin
- (E) plasma
- (F) brain
- (G) coats
- (H) fat
A: (C)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Climate influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms. Global warming is a part of climate change. Global warming influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms is influenced by:
Options:
- (A) sun's heat
- (B) fossils
- (C) Greenhouse gasses
- (D) animals
- (E) global warming
- (F) the environment
- (G) Darwin
- (H) Greenhouse gases*
Logic of a solution: *Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Bacteria are said to be prokaryotes . Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus?
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) barnacles
- (C) Most plants
- (D) cacti
- (E) Leeuwenhoek
- (F) orchids
- (G) bacteria
- (H) PDAs*
Logic of a solution: *Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Bones provide an outer shell to protect our internal organs. Soft tissues and internal organs need an outer shell for protection.*
*(E)*
The original question: | *An animal's outer shell protects internal organs and:
Options:
- (A) food and shelter
- (B) epidermal
- (C) Epidermis
- (D) all matter
- (E) soft tissues
- (F) alveoli
- (G) warmth
- (H) layers of fat* | 6 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein. Gene expression can be regulated at the level of translation of an mRNA into a protein. Translation reads and regulates gene expression.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What process reads and regulates gene expression?
Options:
- (A) organs
- (B) sensory neurons
- (C) A computer
- (D) Plants growth
- (E) translation
- (F) sweating
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) Most plants*
Logic of a solution: *Most people can survive only a few days without water. Water is everywhere H20. Most people can only survive a few days without H20.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What do most people need at least a little of every few days to survive?
Options:
- (A) NACL
- (B) UV
- (C) mL
- (D) oxygen
- (E) corn
- (F) H20
- (G) rest
- (H) Hydrogen*
Line 1: *Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body. Immunology is the study of the immune system. Immunology includes the study of antigens.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What is one thing studied in immunology?
Options:
- (A) illness
- (B) antigens
- (C) humanism
- (D) health
- (E) philosophy
- (F) resistance
- (G) symbology
- (H) fever*
Logic of a solution: *Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. During cytokinesis , the cell body splits into two cells. Splitting into two cells is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Splitting into what is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes?
Options:
- (A) fewer cells
- (B) merged cells
- (C) two cells
- (D) Chlorophyll
- (E) five cells
- (F) autumn
- (G) allow growth
- (H) Leptospirosis*
Line 1: *Most fungi get organic compounds from dead organisms. Proteins are complex organic compounds. Most fungi get proteins from dead organisms.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Where do most fungi get their protein?
Options:
- (A) protein synthesis
- (B) loose soil
- (C) swamp vegetation
- (D) alveoli
- (E) dead organisms
- (F) by indirect light
- (G) glycopeptides
- (H) carbon dioxide*
Line 1: *Algae have varied life cycles. Desmids are green algae, members of the Chlorophyta. Desmids have varied life cycles.*
*(C)*
Line 2: | *What kind of life cycle do desmids have?
Options:
- (A) allow growth
- (B) Leptospirosis
- (C) varied life cycle
- (D) solid, liquid, gas
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) immortal
- (G) fixed life cycle
- (H) static life cycle* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. Annelids have bodies that are segmented. The familiar earthworm has a segmented body.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Earthworm bodies are:
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) segmented
- (C) migrate
- (D) allow growth
- (E) revolving
- (F) more abundant
- (G) Loose
- (H) Absorb light*
Line 1: *Adult sponges produce eggs and sperm. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals. The most primitive multi-cellular animals produce eggs and sperm.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *The most primitive multi-cellular animals produce what?
Options:
- (A) Electrical energy
- (B) eggs and sperm
- (C) harmful substances
- (D) scarce resources
- (E) Organic compounds
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) fur and fat
- (H) aerobic capacity*
Logic of a solution: *Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Plants are known as producers . Plants make food from inorganic molecules.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Plants make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) inorganic molecules
- (C) photosynthesis
- (D) Light passing through water
- (E) direct energy
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) In their leaves*
Line 1: *Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. All plants are trees. Trees release oxygen during the day but not at night.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What do trees release during the day but not at night?
Options:
- (A) Energy
- (B) water
- (C) He
- (D) Ce
- (E) chemicals
- (F) Energy.
- (G) heat
- (H) oxygen*
Logic of a solution: *Lymphocytes are the key cells involved in the immune response. B lymphocytes produce antibodies . The key cells involved in the immune response produce antibodies.*
*(H)*
The original question: *The cells that produce antibodies are key in what system?
Options:
- (A) health
- (B) T cells
- (C) vision
- (D) humans
- (E) macrophages
- (F) B cells
- (G) disease
- (H) immune*
Logic of a solution: *DNA is found in chromosomes. DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid is found in chromosomes.*
*(C)*
The original question: | *What is found in chromosomes?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) deoxyribonucleic acid
- (D) toxic acids
- (E) more abundant
- (F) allow growth
- (G) internucleic acid
- (H) chromosomal filters* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Marshes and swamps are wetlands. Marshes and swamps are extremely important biomes.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What are extremely important biomes?
Options:
- (A) important habitats
- (B) urban city
- (C) remains of prehistoric life
- (D) zoos
- (E) water conservation
- (F) Most plants
- (G) manmade aqueducts
- (H) marshes and swamps*
Line 1: *All cells share some of the same structures and basic functions. Cells are also the basic functioning unit of life. The basic functioning unit of life all share the same structures.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *The basic functioning unit of life all share the same what?
Options:
- (A) structure
- (B) four limbs
- (C) organ
- (D) Chlorophyll
- (E) Energy
- (F) layers of fat
- (G) health
- (H) Energy.*
Logic of a solution: *Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Internal migration describes moves within a country. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Migration increases what?
Options:
- (A) root growth
- (B) speed
- (C) distance
- (D) voltage
- (E) energy usage
- (F) Plants growth
- (G) gene flow
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. Another kind of plant is the fishhook cactus. The fishhook cactus releases oxygen during the day but not during the night.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What does the fishhook cactus release during the day but not during the night.
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) Air
- (C) water
- (D) carbon monoxide
- (E) carbon dioxide
- (F) oxygen
- (G) Energy.
- (H) Energy*
Logic of a solution: *Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. First, strong winds circling Antarctica isolate the atmosphere near the pole the winter. Temperature falls from the equator to Antarctica.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Temperature falls from the equator to
Options:
- (A) South Africa
- (B) Antarctica
- (C) Asia
- (D) our planet
- (E) Summer
- (F) during the day
- (G) South America
- (H) It decreases*
Logic of a solution: *Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Vertebrates generally have a backbone called the spinal column. Vertebrates are animals that have a spinal column in their skeletal system.*
*(B)*
The original question: | *If an animal has a spinal column in their skeletal system what is it called?
Options:
- (A) skeletal animal
- (B) vertebrate
- (C) A Greek letter
- (D) invertebrated
- (E) organ
- (F) critical organs
- (G) spined animal
- (H) epidermal* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Flowers attract animal pollinators. Insects are the most common animal pollinators, and bees are the most common insect pollinators. Flowers attract bees and other insects.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Bees and other insects are attracted on purpose by what?
Options:
- (A) colors
- (B) orchids
- (C) human food
- (D) chemicals
- (E) flowers
- (F) humans
- (G) pollen
- (H) perfume*
Line 1: *Most invertebrates have a nervous system. Jellyfish and insects are invertebrates. Jellyfish have a nervous system.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What has a nervous system?
Options:
- (A) Nerve tonic
- (B) Jellyfish
- (C) Air
- (D) fur seals
- (E) Cardiovascular system
- (F) animals
- (G) chickens
- (H) elephants*
Logic of a solution: *All life relies on a relatively narrow range of pH, or acidity. Acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips. All life relies on a relatively narrow range of something you can measure with paper strips.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What relies on a relatively narrow range of something you can measure with paper strips?
Options:
- (A) Length
- (B) voltage
- (C) all life
- (D) mammals
- (E) humans
- (F) Most plants
- (G) agriculture
- (H) animals*
Line 1: *Carbon may be stored in sedimentary rock for millions of years. Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock. Carbon might be stored in limestone.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What might be stored in limestone?
Options:
- (A) carbonated water
- (B) chemicals
- (C) cigars
- (D) candles
- (E) Energy.
- (F) carbon
- (G) Energy
- (H) fossils*
Logic of a solution: *Molecules of DNA are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do. DNA encodes the information for protein sequences. Proteins tell cells what to do.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What tells a cell what to do?
Options:
- (A) electricity
- (B) proteins
- (C) A computer
- (D) Energy
- (E) nerves
- (F) sweating
- (G) heat energy
- (H) Energy.*
Logic of a solution: *Heterotrophs are living things that cannot make their own food. All fish are heterotrophic. Fish cannot make their own food.*
*(H)*
The original question: | *What is one thing fish cannot make?
Options:
- (A) babies
- (B) nests
- (C) matter
- (D) fat
- (E) edible
- (F) Energy
- (G) bubbles
- (H) food* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Fertilization of what leads to formation of multicellular embryo in venter
Options:
- (A) seeds
- (B) grow
- (C) epidermal
- (D) pollen
- (E) Deposition
- (F) fertile
- (G) orchids
- (H) gametes
(H)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. Diploid zygote forms multicellular embryo in venter. Fertilization of gametes leads to formation of multicellular embryo in venter.]]
Ques and Ans: Macroevolution occurs how above the level of the species.
Options:
- (A) swiftly
- (B) slowly
- (C) quickly
- (D) forces
- (E) never
- (F) ferns
- (G) animals
- (H) three
(B)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Macroevolution occurs over geologic time above the level of the species. And geologic time is very, very slow. Macroevolution occurs very, very slowly above the level of the species.]]
Ques and Ans: What is it called when male gametes are propelled because of muscle contractions?
Options:
- (A) competition
- (B) rapid expansion
- (C) intercourse
- (D) thrusting
- (E) a wave
- (F) reproductions
- (G) A Greek letter
- (H) ejaculation
(H)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from the epididymes. Male gametes are called sperm. Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel male gametes from the epididymes.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Hormones control many cell activities, so they are very important for homeostasis. Homeostasis is the chemical equilibrium of the body. Hormones are very important for the chemical equilibrium of the body.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What is important for the chemical equilibrium of the body?
Options:
- (A) sleep
- (B) exercise
- (C) hydration
- (D) dish soap
- (E) eyesight
- (F) hormones
- (G) detergent
- (H) glucose*
Logic of a solution: *Plants exhibit phototropism, or growing toward a light source. Many light sources such as the sun and most artificial lights produce unpolarized light. Plants exhibit phototropism, or growing toward the sun or artificial light.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What is called when plants grow toward the sun or an artificial light?
Options:
- (A) Exfoliation
- (B) Brownian motion
- (C) heat energy
- (D) phototropism
- (E) photovoltaic
- (F) autumn
- (G) peachleaf willow
- (H) mitosis*
Line 1: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Toads and frogs are both amphibians. Toads have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three chambered heart.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What has a three chambered heart?
Options:
- (A) alpacas
- (B) goats
- (C) elms
- (D) bats
- (E) orchids
- (F) mammals
- (G) a fish
- (H) toads*
Logic of a solution: *Marine species live mainly in shallow coastal waters. Killer whales prefer shallow and colder coastal waters. Killer whales are a marine species.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What are killer whales?
Options:
- (A) red and black
- (B) They have thick fur
- (C) dangerous
- (D) sharks
- (E) deep sea creatures
- (F) marine species
- (G) Absorb light
- (H) animals*
Line 1: *Passive immunity lasts only as long as the antibodies survive in body fluids. Antibodies are administered to the patient in a process called passive immunization. Antibodies are administered to patients for protection but it only helps as long as the antibodies survive in body fluids.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *How long can antibodies protect the body?
Options:
- (A) As long as antibodies survive
- (B) Slowing the transfer of heat
- (C) For a set time
- (D) by keeping them warm
- (E) it protects them
- (F) Into elderly years
- (G) As long as the human survives
- (H) A compound that donates proton*
Line 1: *Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Cancer is unregulated cell division. Cancer is not caused by viruses.*
*(D)*
Line 2: | *What is one thing viruses do not cause?
Options:
- (A) disease
- (B) AIDS
- (C) illness
- (D) cancer
- (E) Ebola
- (F) fever
- (G) death
- (H) smallpox* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Testosterone stimulates the reproductive organs to develop into male organs. Male mammals have a tube-like organ called the 'penis'. Testosterone causes the penis to develop.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What causes the penis to develop?
Options:
- (A) Creatine
- (B) Energy
- (C) Estrogen
- (D) Testicles
- (E) matter vibrating
- (F) Testosterone
- (G) movement
- (H) It expands*
Logic of a solution: *Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. An earthworm has five hearts. An animal that has five hearts is an annelid.*
*(B)*
The original question: *One example of an annelid has how many hearts?
Options:
- (A) three
- (B) Five
- (C) white
- (D) warm
- (E) four
- (F) strong
- (G) long
- (H) small*
Line 1: *Behaviors that improve fitness increase through natural selection. Many organism behaviors have evolved through natural selection. An organism's fitness is a result of evolution.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What is one of the facets of an organism's evolution?
Options:
- (A) resistance
- (B) fitness
- (C) properties
- (D) thirst
- (E) movement
- (F) swimming
- (G) offspring
- (H) recycling*
Logic of a solution: *Climate influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms. Climates are determined mostly by temperature. Temperature influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptions of land organisms.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms?
Options:
- (A) the environment
- (B) anatomy
- (C) temperature
- (D) Summer
- (E) speed of growth
- (F) lifespan
- (G) weather changes
- (H) global warming*
Line 1: *Alternation of generations allows for both asexual and sexual reproduction. Reproduction Organisms create young of their species by reproduction. Alternation of generations allows for creating young by asexual and sexual means.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What allows for an organism to create young by sexual and asexual means?
Options:
- (A) spread flower seeds
- (B) remains of prehistoric life
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) photosynthesis
- (E) mate with females
- (F) members of their own species
- (G) A compound that donates proton
- (H) alternation of generations*
Line 1: *Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Cells, the basic units of every living organism, proliferate by binary division. Viruses do not proliferate via binary division.*
*(H)*
Line 2: | *In what way do viruses not proliferate?
Options:
- (A) adding heat
- (B) at or near the margins
- (C) They may not survive.
- (D) dry conditions
- (E) heat or cold
- (F) by indirect light
- (G) Localized damage
- (H) binary division* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What typically travel long distances?
Options:
- (A) slugs
- (B) snails
- (C) home bodies
- (D) manatees
- (E) supersonic
- (F) trains
- (G) humans
- (H) Cars
(D)
Logic chain: Migrants typically travel long distances. Manatees are a migrant species. Manatees typically travel long distances.
Ques and Ans: What are bird beaks often adapted to eat?
Options:
- (A) moles.
- (B) fish
- (C) nests
- (D) chicks
- (E) trees
- (F) apples
- (G) edible
- (H) Fruits
(B)
Logic chain: Bird beaks are generally adapted for the food they eat. Birds eat the fish, algae and human food. Bird beaks are often adapted for eating fish.
Ques and Ans: Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the area where what is found?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) Fjords
- (C) Most plants
- (D) Icebergs
- (E) Rainforests
- (F) Tundra
- (G) our planet
- (H) Animal survival
(E)
Logic chain: Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator. Most rainforests lie near the equator. Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the area where the rainforests lie.
Ques and Ans: Sperm had to swim from male to female what for fertilization?
Options:
- (A) The flowers are pollinated
- (B) seed dispersal
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) produce offspring
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) A compound that donates proton
- (G) metabolic reaction
- (H) Organs within the body.
(H)
Logic chain: | Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Within the body are the stomach and reproductive organs. Sperm had to swim from male to female organs within the body for fertilization. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence. Ribosomes are assembled in the nucleoli. Molecules of tRNA and amino acids are assembled in the nucleoli.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *Molecules of trna and amino acids are assembled where?
Options:
- (A) nucleoli
- (B) A computer
- (C) Cooking
- (D) Most plants
- (E) boiling
- (F) animals
- (G) Power plants
- (H) retina*
Logic of a solution: *All life relies on a relatively narrow range of pH, or acidity. If the pH level is higher or lower, aquatic life is endangered. Aquatic life is endangered if acidity is higher or lower than a narrow range.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What happens to aquatic life if acidity is higher or lower than a narrow range?
Options:
- (A) Plant growth is reduced
- (B) They may not survive.
- (C) Aquatic life sinks
- (D) harm them
- (E) It is endangered
- (F) Damages them
- (G) Aquatic life moves to dry land
- (H) Aquatic life flourishes*
Line 1: *Organisms use lipids to store energy. Another name for fat is lipid . Organisms use fat to store energy.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Organisms use what to store energy?
Options:
- (A) food
- (B) skin
- (C) fat
- (D) RNA
- (E) batteries
- (F) CO 2
- (G) bone
- (H) O2*
Logic of a solution: *Reptiles are a class of tetrapod vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs. Crocodiles, snakes, and lizards are all types of reptiles. Crocodiles are a type of tetrapod vertebrates that make amniotic eggs.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What is an example of a tetrapod vertebrate?
Options:
- (A) genus
- (B) Leeuwenhoek
- (C) a fish
- (D) crocodile
- (E) animals
- (F) four limbs
- (G) warm-blooded
- (H) graptolites*
Line 1: *Mammals generate heat mainly by keeping their metabolic rate high. And resting metabolic rate is a big contributor to calories burning. Mammals generate heat mainly by burning calories.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Mammals generate heat mainly by what?
Options:
- (A) hugging mammals
- (B) calorie counting
- (C) with their fur
- (D) energy of moving objects
- (E) burning calories
- (F) sweating
- (G) selling fur coats
- (H) flow of electrons*
Line 1: *Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. Flatworms Flatworms or Platyhelminthes include flukes, tapeworms, and turbellarians. Tapeworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes.*
*(E)*
Line 2: | *What kind of worm belongs to the phylum platyhelminthes?
Options:
- (A) homogenous
- (B) moves
- (C) dangerous
- (D) insects
- (E) tapeworm
- (F) parasites
- (G) white
- (H) graptolites* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (D)
Question: What is one way dogs learn to behave?
Options:
- (A) exercise
- (B) mating
- (C) ligt
- (D) playing
- (E) parties
- (F) slumber
- (G) firm hugs
- (H) Movement
CoT: Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Cats are Mammals that Shed Dogs are Mammals that Wag their tails. Playing is one way dogs learn to behave.
Ans: (F)
Question: What kind of organism use cellulose for their cell walls?
Options:
- (A) parasites
- (B) animals
- (C) Conifers
- (D) fungus
- (E) vegetation
- (F) producers
- (G) amoeba
- (H) viruses
CoT: Plants use cellulose for their cell walls. If the plant is green, it is a producer. Producers use cellulose for their cell walls.
Ans: (D)
| Question: Muscle and internal organs are protected by:
Options:
- (A) immunization
- (B) fur
- (C) fat
- (D) bone
- (E) hair
- (F) skin
- (G) defense
- (H) copper
CoT: Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Soft tissue refers to the soft connective or supporting tissues, such as muscle. Bone provides protection for muscles and internal organs. | 3 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (G)
Question: Flower spores eventually develop into an entity that is:
Options:
- (A) sperm
- (B) fertile
- (C) mammalian
- (D) ferns
- (E) fungi
- (F) development
- (G) haploid
- (H) plants
CoT: Flowers produce spores that develop into gametophytes. All gametophytes are haploid. Flowers produce spores that develop into haploid entities.
Ans: (G)
Question: What is important in preventing heat loss from the body?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) a cuticle
- (C) stay warm
- (D) sweating
- (E) warmth
- (F) skin
- (G) keratin
- (H) Animal fur
CoT: Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Hair is actually composed of a protein called keratin. Keratin is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body.
Ans: (D)
Question: Who can shiver?
Options:
- (A) bats
- (B) Sidewalks
- (C) humans
- (D) Bees
- (E) koalas
- (F) Mountains
- (G) Trees
- (H) people
CoT: Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Honey bees generate heat by consuming honey and shivering their muscles. Honey bees can shiver.
Ans: (G)
| Question: _ bind to allergens.
Options:
- (A) to stay warm
- (B) mammals
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) animals
- (E) protect them
- (F) Most plants
- (G) Antibodies
- (H) Chemical energy
CoT: Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. Allergens are also called Antigens. Antibodies bind to allergens. | 7 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.
Q: Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that:
Options:
- (A) reproduce
- (B) tadpoles
- (C) Loose
- (D) form sand
- (E) are still attached
- (F) allow growth
- (G) break off
- (H) fungal
A: (G)
--
Chain-of-thought: Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Palustrine wetlands include marshes, bogs, and swamps. Marshes, bogs and swamps are very important biomes.
Q: What are important biomes?
Options:
- (A) important habitats
- (B) fruits, vegetables and plants
- (C) retaining heat
- (D) stars, comets and planets
- (E) cats, dogs and humans
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) marshes, bogs, and swamps
- (H) remains of prehistoric life
A: (G)
--
Chain-of-thought: Population density is the average number of individuals per unit of area or volume. Another measure of growth is population density. Growth of an area can be determined by the average number of people per unit of area.
| Q: What can be determined by the average number of people per one unit of area?
Options:
- (A) hygeine
- (B) emissions
- (C) animals
- (D) growth
- (E) forces
- (F) health
- (G) education
- (H) people
A: (D)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Internal migration describes moves within a country. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Migration increases what?
Options:
- (A) root growth
- (B) speed
- (C) distance
- (D) voltage
- (E) energy usage
- (F) Plants growth
- (G) gene flow
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphates from other enzymes. Cells secrete acids and bases to keep the proper pH for phosphatases to work properly.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What is needed from cells for phosphatases to keep the proper ph?
Options:
- (A) plasma
- (B) secretion of bases only
- (C) secretion of proteins
- (D) metabolic reaction
- (E) it helps plants in growing
- (F) Positive charges
- (G) Transfers energy
- (H) secretion of acids and bases*
Logic of a solution: *Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Plant diseases cause by bacteria. Plants respond to seasonal and daily cycles and to bacteria.*
*(A)*
The original question: *Bacteria causes what to be harmed?
Options:
- (A) plants
- (B) electronics
- (C) fossils
- (D) humans
- (E) animals
- (F) viruses
- (G) food
- (H) the skin*
Line 1: *Evolution occurs in response to a change in the environment. Different environments Life is a changing phenomenon. Evolution occurs in response to changing phenomenon in life.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Evolution occurs in response to what in life?
Options:
- (A) static events
- (B) global warming
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) changing phenomenon
- (E) major threat to health
- (F) changing tides
- (G) Animal survival
- (H) isolated events*
Logic of a solution: *Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. Oxygen-rich blood is critical for erectile health. Arteries are critical for erectile health.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What are critical for erectile health?
Options:
- (A) fur and fat
- (B) Energy.
- (C) Energy
- (D) sweating
- (E) exercise
- (F) arteries
- (G) strength
- (H) a cuticle*
Logic of a solution: *Viruses are not cells at all, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. Viruses Viruses are the smallest agents of disease. The smallest agents of disease are not cells at all, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes.*
*(C)*
The original question: | *What are not cells at all, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes?
Options:
- (A) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (B) Microscopic organisms
- (C) The smallest agent of disease
- (D) Dead prehistoric beings
- (E) female sex cells
- (F) major threat to health
- (G) remains of prehistoric life
- (H) Something that smells like rotten eggs* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium. Gametes in males are called sperm, and in women commonly referred to as eggs. Fertilization occurs when male gametes swim to an egg.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What occurs when a male gamete swims to an egg?
Options:
- (A) permineralization
- (B) competition
- (C) movement
- (D) rapid expansion
- (E) fertilization
- (F) birth
- (G) copulation
- (H) ovulation*
Logic of a solution: *Temperature falls from lower to higher altitudes. Heat and temperature are the same. Heat falls from lower to higher altitudes.*
*(D)*
The original question: *The measurement of what falls from lower to higher altitudes?
Options:
- (A) snow
- (B) rain
- (C) Energy
- (D) heat
- (E) Inches
- (F) meters
- (G) H 2 O
- (H) motion*
Line 1: *Lymphocytes are the key cells involved in the immune response. Antibodies are synthesised by lymphocytes. Antibodies are involved in the immune response.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What response are antibodies involved in?
Options:
- (A) resistance activities
- (B) the pituitary response
- (C) major threat to health
- (D) antigens summoning them
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) being taken as a supplement
- (G) resistance
- (H) the immune response*
Logic of a solution: *Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton. Diatoms are the predominant phytoplankton. Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on diatoms.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on what?
Options:
- (A) sunlight
- (B) vegetation
- (C) Energy
- (D) loose soil
- (E) plant life
- (F) diatoms
- (G) fungi
- (H) chemicals*
Line 1: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Atoms are tiny particles that are too small to see. Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very tiny.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What size are cells?
Options:
- (A) either huge or tiny
- (B) non existent
- (C) dense
- (D) large
- (E) white
- (F) tiny
- (G) dead
- (H) albino*
Line 1: *Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. Mutations are changes in the genetic material. Changes in the genetic material are essential for evolution to occur.*
*(B)*
Line 2: | *Changes in what are essential for evolution to occur.
Options:
- (A) color of leaves
- (B) genetic material
- (C) learned behavior
- (D) synthetic material
- (E) the body's largest organ
- (F) acquired characteristics
- (G) sensory neurons
- (H) Most plants* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (H)
Question: How many times can cells split into parts?
Options:
- (A) As many times as it likes
- (B) massive damage
- (C) No times
- (D) An infinite number of times
- (E) heat produced
- (F) during the day
- (G) Temperature changing
- (H) A set number of times
CoT: Cells are programmed to divide only a set number of times. Parts means something has been divided. Cells are programmed to split into parts only a set number of times.
Ans: (B)
Question: What has radial symmetry?
Options:
- (A) peachleaf willow
- (B) sea urchins
- (C) humans
- (D) gastropod shells
- (E) A Greek letter
- (F) asymmetry
- (G) dogs
- (H) Most plants
CoT: Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. Sea urchins are echinoderms, in the same family as starfish. Adult sea urchins have radial symmetry.
Ans: (H)
| Question: What provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs?
Options:
- (A) fur and fat
- (B) eye color
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) synapses
- (E) a cuticle
- (F) layers of fat
- (G) nerves
- (H) the skeleton
CoT: Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. The skeleton provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. | 3 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Pacinian corpuscles are found mainly in the _.
Options:
- (A) tumor
- (B) pupils
- (C) muscle
- (D) hair
- (E) skin
- (F) Man
- (G) retina
- (H) Summer
(E)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Pressure receptors are found mainly in the skin. Pacinian corpuscles are pressure receptors. Pacinian corpuscles are found mainly in the skin.]]
Ques and Ans: Atoms make up many things, like what?
Options:
- (A) glass
- (B) matter
- (C) A computer
- (D) Fuel cells
- (E) copper
- (F) viruses
- (G) Light
- (H) Energy
(F)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Viruses are usually considered to be nonliving. All matter, living and nonliving, is made up of atoms. Viruses are made up of atoms.]]
Ques and Ans: Fur is a fiber that is found only on what kind of animal?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) reptiles
- (C) bird
- (D) humans
- (E) mammals
- (F) insects
- (G) goats
- (H) Animal fur
(E)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Hair is a fiber that is found only in mammals. All mammals have fur or hair. Fur is a fiber that is found only in mammals.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that:
Options:
- (A) reproduce
- (B) tadpoles
- (C) Loose
- (D) form sand
- (E) are still attached
- (F) allow growth
- (G) break off
- (H) fungal
(G)
Logic chain: Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.
Ques and Ans: When insects move from one place to another, this usually causes
Options:
- (A) seed dispersal
- (B) Transfers energy
- (C) change in mood
- (D) death and devastation
- (E) change in population size
- (F) change in individual insect
- (G) change in shape
- (H) converting mass to energy
(E)
Logic chain: Migration is a type of movement that changes population size. Insects can also migrate. Insects sometimes change population size by moving from one place to another.
Ques and Ans: How is survival ensured around hydrothermal vents?
Options:
- (A) heat produced
- (B) Eating a lot
- (C) Reproducing quickly
- (D) biological diversity
- (E) vegetation
- (F) Being in a cluster
- (G) Staying far apart
- (H) hydrate their cells
(F)
Logic chain: Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. To survive, some organisms living near hydrothermal vents have formed close associations. Clusters form around hydrothermal vents to ensure survival.
Ques and Ans: What helps to insulate and protect the body?
Options:
- (A) tail fins
- (B) Animal fur
- (C) fur seals
- (D) keratin
- (E) nitrogen
- (F) snow
- (G) Epidermis
- (H) poultry
(D)
Logic chain: | Hair helps to insulate and protect the body. Hair is composed of the protein keratin. The protein keratin helps to insulate and protect the body. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: Some birds are pollinators that co-evolved with plants. Bird A bird is an animal with feathers. Some animals with feathers are pollinators.
Q: Some what with feathers are pollinators?
Options:
- (A) bees
- (B) tortoises
- (C) fish
- (D) snakes
- (E) strong
- (F) ducks
- (G) Vanes
- (H) animals
A: (H)
--
Chain-of-thought: Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Autotrophs are referred to as producers. Autotrophs make food from inorganic molecules.
Q: Autotrophs make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Converting waste.
- (B) members of their own species
- (C) Chemical energy
- (D) photosynthesis
- (E) that material's properties
- (F) inorganic molecules
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) Chlorophyll
A: (F)
--
Chain-of-thought: Antigens are found on cancer cells and the cells of transplanted organs. Antibodies bound to antigen are then measured by RCAT-based amplification of the associated DNA tag. Cells bound by antibodies can be found on cancer cells and the cells of transplanted organs.
| Q: Where can cells bound by antibodies more likely be found?
Options:
- (A) critical organs
- (B) colder and wetter
- (C) the environment
- (D) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) epidermis and dermis
- (G) on cancer cells
- (H) the skin
A: (G)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Algae have varied life cycles. Desmids are green algae, members of the Chlorophyta. Desmids have varied life cycles.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What kind of life cycle do desmids have?
Options:
- (A) allow growth
- (B) Leptospirosis
- (C) varied life cycle
- (D) solid, liquid, gas
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) immortal
- (G) fixed life cycle
- (H) static life cycle*
Line 1: *Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Biomes are global ecosystems. Wetlands are extremely important ecosystems.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Wetlands are a very important type of what?
Options:
- (A) forest land
- (B) allow growth
- (C) Plants growth
- (D) swamp
- (E) storing water
- (F) district
- (G) animals
- (H) ecosystem*
Logic of a solution: *Arthropods are the largest phylum of invertebrates. Insects are the largest group of arthropods. Insects belong to the largest phylum of invertibrates.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What animals belong to the largest phylum of invertibrates?
Options:
- (A) plants
- (B) parasites
- (C) octopuses
- (D) tortoises
- (E) eartworms
- (F) insects
- (G) mammals
- (H) animals*
Line 1: *Air pollution harms the respiratory and circulatory systems. Exposure to ozone can diminish lung function and increase susceptibility to respiratory infection. Exposure to air pollution can harm the lungs.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Which type of pollution is most harmful to lungs?
Options:
- (A) Lead
- (B) air
- (C) Cars
- (D) oil
- (E) acid
- (F) CFCs
- (G) SO2
- (H) mold*
Logic of a solution: *Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein. Gene expression can be regulated at the level of translation of an mRNA into a protein. Translation reads and regulates gene expression.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What process reads and regulates gene expression?
Options:
- (A) organs
- (B) sensory neurons
- (C) A computer
- (D) Plants growth
- (E) translation
- (F) sweating
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) Most plants*
Logic of a solution: *Animals are a kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes. Invertebrates are the majority of the animal kingdom. The majority of multicellular eukaryotes are invertebrates.*
*(H)*
The original question: | *The majority of multicellular eukaryotes are:
Options:
- (A) Most plants
- (B) infectious
- (C) viruses
- (D) bacteria
- (E) Absorb light
- (F) insects
- (G) important habitats
- (H) invertebrates* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic for the Q&A below: Insects may live in large colonies and have complex social behaviors. Insects are the only arthropod to have wings. Arthropods with wings may live in large colonies and have complex social behaviors.
Q: Arthropods with what may live in large colonies and have complex social behaviors.
Options:
- (A) fur
- (B) gills
- (C) animals
- (D) complex
- (E) Wasps
- (F) vertebrae
- (G) Flowers
- (H) wings
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. Mitosis is cell division. Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during mitosis.
Q: What are the form of the genetic material of a cell during mitosis?
Options:
- (A) chromosomes
- (B) graptolites
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) pollen
- (F) Leptospirosis
- (G) animals
- (H) it can be seen
A: (A)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Flowers attract animal pollinators. Bees are effective pollinators. Flowers attract bees.
Q: Bees are attracted to?
Options:
- (A) plant life
- (B) tree bark
- (C) orchids
- (D) plants
- (E) flowers
- (F) plant stems
- (G) shrub leaves
- (H) bushes
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Flowing water can slowly dissolve carbon in sedimentary rock. Limestone is an organic, sedimentary rock. Flowing water can slowly dissolve carbon in limestone.
| Q: Flowing water can slowly _ carbon in limestone.
Options:
- (A) alter
- (B) destroy
- (C) erode
- (D) allow growth
- (E) dissolve
- (F) heat
- (G) a solute
- (H) rain
A: (E)
-- | 9 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic for the Q&A below: Plants have specialized reproductive organs. Most people know that the Venus Flytrap is a carnivorous plant. The Venus Flytrap has specialized reproductive organs.
Q: Which has specialized reproductive organs?
Options:
- (A) Clouds
- (B) Conifers
- (C) River
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) Venus flytrap
- (F) animals
- (G) mammals
- (H) Mountain
A: (E)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Lakes are generally bigger and deeper than ponds. Scotland s lochs , including the famous Loch Ness, are glacial lakes. Lochs are bigger and deeper than ponds.
Q: What is larger than ponds?
Options:
- (A) rivers
- (B) deltas
- (C) H 2 O
- (D) loch
- (E) toads
- (F) drop
- (G) puddle
- (H) bird bath
A: (D)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Population size influences the chances of a species surviving. Survival is to live, to live means hope. Population size influences the chances of a species living.
Q: What does population size influence on a species?
Options:
- (A) Quality of life
- (B) their migration pattern
- (C) their home
- (D) characteristics
- (E) Plant reproduction
- (F) their chance of living
- (G) their food preference
- (H) metabolic reaction
A: (F)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring. Fetus is Latin for offspring or young one. Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to their young.
| Q: What is the process by which organisms give rise to their young?
Options:
- (A) Summer
- (B) cell division
- (C) autumn
- (D) Plants growth
- (E) peachleaf willow
- (F) ejaculation
- (G) reproduction
- (H) mating rituals
A: (G)
-- | 9 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Bones provide an outer shell to protect our internal organs. Soft tissues and internal organs need an outer shell for protection.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *An animal's outer shell protects internal organs and:
Options:
- (A) food and shelter
- (B) epidermal
- (C) Epidermis
- (D) all matter
- (E) soft tissues
- (F) alveoli
- (G) warmth
- (H) layers of fat*
Logic of a solution: *Humans have collected and grown mushrooms for food for thousands of years. Yeast and mushrooms are types of fungus. Humans have collected and grown fungus for food for thousands of years.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What living thing has collected and grown fungus as a source of food for thousands of years?
Options:
- (A) humans
- (B) grocery stores
- (C) honeybees
- (D) animals
- (E) pigs
- (F) fungi
- (G) trees
- (H) plants*
Line 1: *Vesicle transport requires energy, so it is also a form of active transport. Synaptic vesicles glutamate transporter 5. Glutamate transport requires energy.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Glutamate transport requires what?
Options:
- (A) chemicals
- (B) flavoring
- (C) glucose
- (D) energy
- (E) MSG
- (F) Energy.
- (G) chop sui
- (H) oxygen*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Familiar types of gamete include the female ovum , or egg cell, and the male sperm cell. Fertilization occurs when the male and female gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote.*
*(B)*
The original question: *When gametes fuse, the resultant zygote is:
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) diploid
- (C) Flowers
- (D) grow
- (E) infected
- (F) It expands
- (G) pollen
- (H) seeds*
Line 1: *Aggression is behavior that is intended to cause harm or pain. Curses are spells that are often intended to cause harm to another person. Curses are a form of aggression.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What is a curse?
Options:
- (A) a form of aggression
- (B) Something coming from a gland
- (C) after too much water received
- (D) forest is destroyed
- (E) friendly behavior
- (F) a form of love
- (G) nonaggressive
- (H) death and devastation*
Line 1: *Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.*
*(G)*
Line 2: | *Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that:
Options:
- (A) reproduce
- (B) tadpoles
- (C) Loose
- (D) form sand
- (E) are still attached
- (F) allow growth
- (G) break off
- (H) fungal* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body?
Options:
- (A) Thyroxine
- (B) Smoking
- (C) fever
- (D) bioaerosols
- (E) acetic acid
- (F) sweating
- (G) Power plants
- (H) heat produced
(A)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Thyroid hormones increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body. Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, is an aryl iodide. Thyroxine increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body.]]
Ques and Ans: What detects hybrids of the substance that helps assemble proteins?
Options:
- (A) orchids
- (B) sensory neurons
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) luminometer
- (E) A computer
- (F) animals
- (G) A Greek letter
- (H) scattered light
(D)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[DNA contains genetic instructions for proteins, and RNA helps assemble the proteins. RNA hybrids are then detected by a luminometer. A luminometer detects hybrids of the substance that helps assemble proteins.]]
Ques and Ans: The loss in length of what causes cells to age?
Options:
- (A) fur and fat
- (B) layers of fat
- (C) cell membrane
- (D) sunlight
- (E) Chlorophyll
- (F) telomeres
- (G) programmed cell death
- (H) cancer
(F)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Aging occurs as cells lose their ability to divide. Portions of the telomeres are lost each time a cell divides. Aging occurs as cells lose their telomeres.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Introns are regions that do not code for proteins. Prokaryotes lack introns, whereas eukaryotes contain introns. Prokaryotes lack regions that do not code for proteins, while eukaryotes do have them.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Prokaryotes lack regions that do not code for proteins, while this type of living being has them:
Options:
- (A) bioaerosols
- (B) layers of fat
- (C) orchids
- (D) animals
- (E) critical organs
- (F) sensory neurons
- (G) eukaryotes
- (H) it needs them*
Logic of a solution: *Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Examples of monotremes are the Platypus and Echidna. Echidnas reproduce by laying eggs.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Echidnas reproduce how?
Options:
- (A) asexually
- (B) by indirect light
- (C) spread flower seeds
- (D) during the day
- (E) by birthing live young
- (F) by laying eggs
- (G) by budding
- (H) with their fur*
Line 1: *Flagella help prokaryotes move. Flagella are hair-like projections from the surface of cells. Hair-like projections from the surface of cells that help prokaryotes move.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What helps prokaryotes move?
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) heat energy
- (C) Feet.
- (D) Wheels.
- (E) Hair-like projections.
- (F) Moving vans.
- (G) Chemical energy
- (H) kinetic energy*
Logic of a solution: *Corals form large colonies in shallow tropical water. Huge colonies of hard corals form coral reefs . Reefs form in shallow tropical water.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What forms in shallow tropical water?
Options:
- (A) ocean
- (B) romance
- (C) bushes
- (D) ferns
- (E) reefs
- (F) bamboo
- (G) fossils
- (H) snorkelling*
Line 1: *Evolution occurs in response to a change in the environment. Animals react instinctively to changes in their environment. Evolution occurs in animals as they respond to change in their habitat.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What occurs in animals as they respond to changes in their habitat?
Options:
- (A) starvation
- (B) evolution
- (C) arousal
- (D) relocation
- (E) resistance
- (F) dependency
- (G) Leptospirosis
- (H) Movement*
Line 1: *Specialization occurs when competing species evolve different adaptations. Beaks show a lot of variation and specialization for different functions. Beak variation came about because of competing species evolving different adaptations.*
*(E)*
Line 2: | *What is the reason beak variation came about in birds?
Options:
- (A) By wind and rain
- (B) Attracting mates
- (C) It helps them survive
- (D) the Earth being tilted
- (E) Competing species evolving
- (F) it keeps an organism warm
- (G) To assist in flying
- (H) Warding off predators* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: Brain cells die quickly if their oxygen supply is cut off. Here, the lungs supply the blood with oxygen. Brain cells die quickly if their blood supply is cut off.
Q: What will die without a supply of blood?
Options:
- (A) plants
- (B) organs
- (C) brain cells
- (D) athletes
- (E) humans
- (F) species
- (G) critical organs
- (H) mushrooms
A: (C)
--
Chain-of-thought: Marine biomes are found in the salt water of the ocean. Another animal that lives within the Marine Biome is a sea tiger. Sea tigers are found in the salt water of the ocean.
Q: Where is the sea tiger found?
Options:
- (A) eroded
- (B) ocean
- (C) warm
- (D) fossils
- (E) dense
- (F) ligt
- (G) embryos
- (H) dead
A: (B)
--
Chain-of-thought: Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Plants are known as producers . Plants make food from inorganic molecules.
| Q: Plants make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) inorganic molecules
- (C) photosynthesis
- (D) Light passing through water
- (E) direct energy
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) In their leaves
A: (B)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Plants that shed their leaves seasonally each year are called deciduous plants. Grapevines are woody deciduous plants. Grapevines shed their leaves seasonally each year.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What kind of plant would shed its leaves each year?
Options:
- (A) it needs them
- (B) grapevines
- (C) burning coal
- (D) warm-blooded
- (E) When it's cold
- (F) white
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) homogenous*
Line 1: *Thyroid hormones increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body. Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, is an aryl iodide. Thyroxine increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Thyroxine increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the what?
Options:
- (A) Summer
- (B) body
- (C) state
- (D) skin
- (E) H 2 O
- (F) HIV
- (G) life
- (H) humans*
Logic of a solution: *All plants have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations. All trees are plants, including redwoods. All redwoods have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations.*
*(F)*
The original question: *All redwoods have a characteristic life cycle that includes what?
Options:
- (A) seed dispersal
- (B) alternation stations
- (C) biological diversity
- (D) The flowers are pollinated
- (E) sub-units of species
- (F) alternation of generations
- (G) alternation alteration
- (H) alternation of genetics*
Line 1: *Blood pH may become unbalanced if the rate of breathing is too fast or too slow. Mammals breathe with lungs. Blood pH may become unbalanced if the lungs are working too fast or too slow.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What may become unbalanced if the lungs are working too fast or too slow?
Options:
- (A) Decibels
- (B) hair on head
- (C) air pressure
- (D) gasoline levels
- (E) Acids
- (F) energy usage
- (G) brain chemistry
- (H) blood pH*
Logic of a solution: *Roots grow in length and width from primary and secondary meristem. Kids see the underground root systems of trees and then an aerial view of plants in the city. Underground systems grow in width and length.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What grow in width and length.?
Options:
- (A) crocodiles
- (B) sedimentary rocks
- (C) vegetation
- (D) remains of prehistoric life
- (E) swamp vegetation
- (F) shrub beds
- (G) underground systems
- (H) loose dirt*
Logic of a solution: *Playing is just one of many ways that mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Children learn through play and in other ways. Children and animals learn in many ways.*
*(E)*
The original question: | *How do children learn?
Options:
- (A) reusing materials
- (B) allow growth
- (C) by lying
- (D) Riding a bike
- (E) in many ways
- (F) exercise
- (G) by sleeping
- (H) just one way* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Sweat cools the body when it
Options:
- (A) Movement of an air mass
- (B) dry conditions
- (C) heat produced
- (D) Decreased precipitation
- (E) hydration
- (F) It expands
- (G) the environment
- (H) turns into a gas
(H)
Logic chain: Sweat wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body. Evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas. Sweat cools the body when it turns into a gas.
Ques and Ans: What comes from lifting heavy weights?
Options:
- (A) sizing
- (B) Dehydration
- (C) kinetic energy
- (D) contracting
- (E) Energy
- (F) forces
- (G) destroying
- (H) embellishing
(D)
Logic chain: Muscles can only contract. Muscle size comes from lifting heavy weights. Contracting comes from lifting heavy weights.
Ques and Ans: Evaporation of sweat uses what from the body?
Options:
- (A) expelled
- (B) Positive charges
- (C) all liquids
- (D) properties
- (E) Something to move
- (F) water vapor
- (G) kinetic energy
- (H) Cooling vapors
(G)
Logic chain: Evaporation of sweat uses energy, and the energy comes from body heat. Kinetic energy comes from heat. Evaporation of sweat uses kinetic energy from the body.
Ques and Ans: Frogs have a _-chambered heart.
Options:
- (A) alveoli
- (B) organ
- (C) ovaries
- (D) oxygen
- (E) edible
- (F) three
- (G) nektar
- (H) CO 2
(F)
Logic chain: | Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have a three-chambered heart. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Basically, heat is energy. Head hair is especially important in preventing energy loss from the body.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What does head hair prevent the loss of?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) chemicals
- (C) energy
- (D) sunlight
- (E) Nutrients
- (F) warmth
- (G) humidity
- (H) sweating*
Line 1: *Echinoderms lack respiratory and excretory systems. Echinoderms in the diorama include the crinoids and blastoids. Crinoids and blastoids lack respiratory and excretory systems.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What lack respiratory and excretory systems?
Options:
- (A) They may not survive.
- (B) members of their own species
- (C) platypus
- (D) humans
- (E) crinoids and blastoids
- (F) passenger pigeons
- (G) graptolites
- (H) whales*
Logic of a solution: *Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean organisms. Organisms or living beings are literally things that are alive. Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many ocean living beings.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Coral reefs provide what to many living beings in the ocean
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) salt and water.
- (C) shelter and amusement
- (D) survival
- (E) important habitats
- (F) food and water
- (G) water and fun
- (H) food and shelter*
Line 1: *Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood. Middle adulthood begins around age 35 to 40 and continues through age 65 to 70. Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually between 35 and 65 years old.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *In what timeframe does menopause typically occur?
Options:
- (A) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (B) an organism's body
- (C) Veins and arteries.
- (D) the rest of the body
- (E) By wind and rain
- (F) 35-65 years old
- (G) major threat to health
- (H) Decrease bodily water*
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have sense organs to smell and taste chemicals. Frogs, toads and salamanders are amphibians. Frogs, toads, and salamanders have sense organs to smell and taste chemicals.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What can frogs, toads and salamanders use to smell and taste chemicals?
Options:
- (A) sense organs
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) matter vibrating
- (D) larynx
- (E) Organic compounds
- (F) ocular organs
- (G) gills
- (H) harmful substances*
Logic of a solution: *All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Catalysts lower the activation energy. A catalyst can lower the energy cost of a chemical reaction.*
*(B)*
The original question: | *In what way does a catalyst help in chemical reactions?
Options:
- (A) Generating heat
- (B) lowered energy cost
- (C) metabolic reaction
- (D) heating liquids
- (E) by making heat
- (F) adding heat
- (G) increases a body's strength
- (H) preventing heat transfer* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What breathes with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.
Options:
- (A) Salmon.
- (B) Frogs.
- (C) parasites
- (D) Whales.
- (E) Mice.
- (F) a fish
- (G) air
- (H) tortoises
(B)
Logic chain: Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. All frogs are amphibians. Most frogs breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.
Ques and Ans: The bonds of that which when heavy is deuterium cause what to expand when it freezes?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) rings
- (C) CO 2
- (D) liquids
- (E) gas
- (F) solutes
- (G) cations
- (H) water
(H)
Logic chain: Hydrogen bonds cause water to expand when it freezes. Deuterium, or heavy hydrogen, is an isotope of hydrogen, or a hydrogen atom with a neutron added. The bonds of that which when heavy is Deuterium cause water to expand when it freezes.
Ques and Ans: What are important biomes?
Options:
- (A) important habitats
- (B) fruits, vegetables and plants
- (C) retaining heat
- (D) stars, comets and planets
- (E) cats, dogs and humans
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) marshes, bogs, and swamps
- (H) remains of prehistoric life
(G)
Logic chain: Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Palustrine wetlands include marshes, bogs, and swamps. Marshes, bogs and swamps are very important biomes.
Ques and Ans: Fur is a fiber that is found only in what type of animal?
Options:
- (A) goats
- (B) mammal
- (C) humans
- (D) mushrooms
- (E) animals
- (F) fish
- (G) protists
- (H) feet
(B)
Logic chain: | Hair is a fiber that is found only in mammals. Mammals have fur or hair. Fur is a fiber that is found only in mammals. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. All cells are microscopic in size. Cells can vary in shape, but they are all microscopic.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Cells pretty much al share this one characteristic:
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) voltage
- (C) aerobic capacity
- (D) microscopic
- (E) eukaryotic
- (F) bacteria
- (G) prokaryotic
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged DNA. DNA DNA DNA is a person's genetic fingerprint. Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged parts of a person's genetic fingerprint.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged what?
Options:
- (A) Veins and arteries.
- (B) biological diversity
- (C) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (D) a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
- (E) Addition
- (F) Person's genetic fingerprint
- (G) Mathematics division
- (H) Cell phones*
Logic of a solution: *Most people can survive only a few days without water. H20 Bottled water was generally consumed last year. Most people can survive only a few days without H20.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Most people can survive only a few days without what?
Options:
- (A) h2o
- (B) urea
- (C) CO2
- (D) beds
- (E) houses
- (F) air
- (G) NaCl
- (H) H20*
Line 1: *Evaporation of sweat uses energy, and the energy comes from body heat. When sweat is evaporated into the air, it provides additional cooling. Cooling uses energy, and the energy comes from body heat.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Energy that comes from body heat can help with
Options:
- (A) recovery
- (B) commuting
- (C) movement
- (D) cooling
- (E) strength
- (F) stay warm
- (G) health
- (H) motion*
Logic of a solution: *Male dogs use pheromones in urine to mark their territory. Pheromones are a sub-category of semiochemicals. Male dogs use semiochemicals in urine to mark their territory.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What uses semiochemicals in urine to mark territory?
Options:
- (A) koalas
- (B) bacteria
- (C) humans
- (D) dogs
- (E) bears
- (F) cats
- (G) the Sun
- (H) rabbit*
Logic of a solution: *Air pollution harms the respiratory and circulatory systems. Incinerated mercury pollutes the air. Incinerated mercury harms the respiratory and circulatory systems.*
*(D)*
The original question: | *What harms the respiratory and circulatory systems?
Options:
- (A) Greenhouse gasses
- (B) burning coal
- (C) inoculation
- (D) incinerated mercury
- (E) fossil fuels
- (F) water vapor
- (G) Sulfur dioxide
- (H) air* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Muscles can only contract. When contracted the triceps femoris pulls the thigh forward and extends the shank. Muscles like the triceps femoris are used to move bones.*
*(H)*
The original question: *The trcipes femoris is used to move what?
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) Mass
- (C) Weight
- (D) feet
- (E) matter
- (F) people
- (G) embryos
- (H) bones*
Logic of a solution: *Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphates from other enzymes. Cells secrete acids and bases to keep the proper pH for phosphatases to work properly.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What is needed from cells for phosphatases to keep the proper ph?
Options:
- (A) plasma
- (B) secretion of bases only
- (C) secretion of proteins
- (D) metabolic reaction
- (E) it helps plants in growing
- (F) Positive charges
- (G) Transfers energy
- (H) secretion of acids and bases*
Logic of a solution: *Mollusks are invertebrates such as the common snail. Mollusks are soft-bodied invertebrates. Mollusks, like the snail, are soft-bodied.*
*(G)*
The original question: | *What do mollusks have?
Options:
- (A) aerobic capacity
- (B) Energy
- (C) gastropod shells
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) a cuticle
- (F) kinetic energy
- (G) soft bodies
- (H) alveoli* | 6 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Cells that divide uncontrollably may form a tumor, or abnormal mass of cells. When p53 is mutated, cells divide uncontrollably. When p53 is mutated a tumor may form.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *If a tumor has formed, this gene might have mutated:
Options:
- (A) p53
- (B) SNPs
- (C) OCA 2
- (D) DNA
- (E) gene
- (F) tRNA
- (G) malignancy
- (H) TRH*
Logic of a solution: *Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. Gametes are haploid egg or sperm that fuse to form a zygote. Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces haploid cells.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces:
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) Plant reproduction
- (C) Most plants
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) Plants growth
- (F) haploid cells
- (G) spread flower seeds
- (H) rapid expansion*
Line 1: *Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. Examples of gametes are ova and spermatozoa. Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces ova and spermatozoa.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Meiosis is the type of _ that produces ova and spermatozoa.
Options:
- (A) permineralization
- (B) an organism's body
- (C) animals
- (D) Plant reproduction
- (E) Most plants
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) rapid expansion
- (H) cell division*
Logic of a solution: *Lions live in social groups called prides. Leo's symbol is the lion. Leo's symbols live in social groups called prides.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What live in social groups called prides?
Options:
- (A) insects
- (B) animals
- (C) Pride parades
- (D) humans
- (E) Social networks
- (F) fur seals
- (G) Leo's symbol
- (H) Social circles*
Line 1: *Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight. Sunlight is turned into energy by plants. Most ecosystems need plants.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *Most ecosystems need what?
Options:
- (A) invasive species
- (B) water
- (C) insects
- (D) food
- (E) tornadoes
- (F) recycling
- (G) plants
- (H) scientists*
Line 1: *Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. Information on DNA is organized into genes. DNA codes for proteins.*
*(B)*
Line 2: | *Protein is made from:
Options:
- (A) Acids
- (B) DNA code
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) insects
- (E) animals
- (F) Energy.
- (G) Energy
- (H) food* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich soil. Earthworms by Casey Earthworms are invertebrates. Invertebrates can be deposit feeders.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Invertebrates can be what?
Options:
- (A) people
- (B) scarce resources
- (C) vertebrates
- (D) deposit feeders
- (E) Catch prey
- (F) major threat to health
- (G) more abundant
- (H) planets*
--
Line 1: *Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Within the body are the stomach and reproductive organs. Sperm had to swim from male to female organs within the body for fertilization.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Sperm had to swim from male to female what for fertilization?
Options:
- (A) The flowers are pollinated
- (B) seed dispersal
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) produce offspring
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) A compound that donates proton
- (G) metabolic reaction
- (H) Organs within the body.*
--
Line 1: *All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Chemical changes are a result of chemical reactions. All chemical changes require activation energy to occur.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What do all chemical changes require to occur?
Options:
- (A) during the day
- (B) heating liquids
- (C) Activation energy
- (D) wavelengths and photons
- (E) Burning fuel and air
- (F) kinetic energy
- (G) electromagnetic energy
- (H) direct energy*
--
Line 1: *Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Well, platypuses are mammals, and they lay eggs. Platypuses are monotremes.*
*(B)*
Line 2: | *A platypus is an example of _.
Options:
- (A) Marsupial.
- (B) Monotremes.
- (C) insects
- (D) animals
- (E) killing insects
- (F) Amphibian.
- (G) Placental mammal.
- (H) matter vibrating*
-- | 2 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Trees have woody stems covered with bark. Stems of plants include trunks and branches. Trees have woody trunks covered with bark.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What part of a tree would be woody and covered in bark?
Options:
- (A) shrub beds
- (B) the leaves
- (C) the roots
- (D) cacti
- (E) a sapling
- (F) Chlorophyll
- (G) the trunk
- (H) four limbs*
Logic of a solution: *Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. If a female sperm fertilizes the egg, the result is a baby girl. A baby girl will be the result of female sperm fusing with an egg to form a diploid zygote.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What will be the result of female sperm fusing with an egg to form a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) baby girl
- (B) pollen
- (C) seeds
- (D) allow growth
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) litter
- (G) Plants growth
- (H) offspring*
Line 1: *Heterotrophs get food by eating other living things. Animals are heterotrophs, or other-feeders. Animals get food by eating other living things.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What do animals use as a food course?
Options:
- (A) it keeps an organism warm
- (B) water
- (C) Generating heat
- (D) Organic compounds
- (E) deadwood
- (F) light energy
- (G) other living things
- (H) inorganic*
Logic of a solution: *Lions live in social groups called prides. Leo's symbol is the lion. Leo's symbols live in social groups called prides.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What live in social groups called prides?
Options:
- (A) insects
- (B) animals
- (C) Pride parades
- (D) humans
- (E) Social networks
- (F) fur seals
- (G) Leo's symbol
- (H) Social circles*
Line 1: *Dilation occurs when cell walls relax. When oxygen level decreases, dilatation of the blood vessels occurs. Decreased oxygen levels cause blood vessels to dilate and cell walls to relax.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What causes cell walls to relax?
Options:
- (A) exercise
- (B) sweating
- (C) adding heat
- (D) Energy
- (E) dilation
- (F) heat or cold
- (G) heat
- (H) Dehydration*
Line 1: *Reproduction is the process by which living things give rise to offspring. Seed refers to offspring, children. Living things use reproduction to have children.*
*(F)*
Line 2: | *How do living things have children?
Options:
- (A) death
- (B) people
- (C) humans
- (D) babies
- (E) it needs them
- (F) reproduction
- (G) mitosis
- (H) production* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What has a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart?
Options:
- (A) frogs
- (B) a fish
- (C) salmon
- (D) alpacas
- (E) Man
- (F) Birds
- (G) sharks
- (H) pan*
Line 1: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Frogs, toads and salamanders are amphibians. Frogs, toads and salamanders have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What sort of circulatory system do frogs, toads, and salamanders share?
Options:
- (A) live birth
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) matter vibrating
- (D) two-chambered heart
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) biological diversity
- (G) three-chambered heart
- (H) four-chambered heart*
Logic of a solution: *Streams may start with runoff or water seeping out of a spring. Sulfur occurs native in the vicinity of volcanoes and hot springs. Streams may start with runoff or water seeping out of a body of water where sulfur occurs.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Streams may start with runoff seeping out of water containing what?
Options:
- (A) chemicals
- (B) Nutrients
- (C) Nitrous oxide
- (D) Helium
- (E) Lithium
- (F) Sulfur
- (G) soil
- (H) Sediment*
Line 1: *Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. Herbivores eat producers and are called first order consumers. Herbivores eat producers or other living things.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Herbivores eat producers or other what?
Options:
- (A) roadkill
- (B) Most plants
- (C) living things
- (D) scarce resources
- (E) carcasses
- (F) dead things
- (G) Chemical energy
- (H) Organic compounds*
Logic of a solution: *Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Heat production is increased by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis . Heat production occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What ccurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once?
Options:
- (A) heat production
- (B) heat loss
- (C) sweating
- (D) permineralization
- (E) hypothermia
- (F) resistance
- (G) cramping
- (H) heat energy*
Logic of a solution: *Molecules of DNA are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do. DNA DNA DNA is a person's genetic fingerprint. Molecules of a person's genetic fingerprint are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do.*
*(D)*
The original question: | *Molecules of what are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do?
Options:
- (A) Earth revolving around the sun
- (B) A compound that donates proton
- (C) Something that comes in a bundle of fibers
- (D) A person's genetic fingerprint
- (E) characteristics
- (F) a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
- (G) Electrical energy
- (H) it helps plants in growing* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Endocrine hormones travel throughout the body in the blood. For the tourists, there are many places to travel. Endocrine hormones move from place to place in the body through the blood.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Endocrine hormones move from place to place through the
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) ovaries
- (C) Man
- (D) humans
- (E) blood
- (F) hair
- (G) skin
- (H) scales*
Logic of a solution: *Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and nutrients than standing water. Mineral nutrients are interrelated. Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and minerals than standing water.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Running water is able to do what to minerals and oxygen?
Options:
- (A) evaporation
- (B) dissolve them
- (C) reducing acid rain
- (D) recycling
- (E) clean them
- (F) separate them
- (G) hydration
- (H) cool them*
Line 1: *Mammals breathe with the help of a diaphragm. Hiccups are caused by involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, the muscle beneath the lungs. Mammals breathe with the help of a muscle below the lungs.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Mammals find breath through the action of what thing beneath their lungs?
Options:
- (A) matter
- (B) the skin
- (C) muscle
- (D) organ
- (E) lmestone
- (F) oxygen
- (G) gas
- (H) Epidermis*
Logic of a solution: *Sex hormones are chemical messengers that control sexual development and reproduction. Chemical messengers carry signals from one nerve branch to another. Sex hormones carry signals that control sexual development and reproduction.*
*(B)*
The original question: *_ carry signals that control sexual development and reproduction.
Options:
- (A) photons
- (B) sex hormones
- (C) nerves
- (D) Most plants
- (E) organs
- (F) orchids
- (G) animals
- (H) insects*
Line 1: *Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Hair is actually composed of a protein called keratin. Keratin is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What is important in preventing heat loss from the body?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) a cuticle
- (C) stay warm
- (D) sweating
- (E) warmth
- (F) skin
- (G) keratin
- (H) Animal fur*
Line 1: *Many plants respond to the days growing shorter in the fall by going dormant. After the autumnal equinox, days gradually shorten in the Northern Hemisphere. Many plants respond to the autumnal equinox by going dormant.*
*(C)*
Line 2: | *Many plants go dormant during the
Options:
- (A) heat or cold
- (B) earth's revolving
- (C) autumnal equinox
- (D) colder and wetter
- (E) It helps them survive
- (F) cloudy and rainy weather
- (G) Plant growth is reduced
- (H) fire conditions* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Scientists agree that HIV causes Aids. AIDS infects and destroys helper T cells.
Q: What infects and destroys helper t cells?
Options:
- (A) swea
- (B) Wasps
- (C) AIDS
- (D) CO 2
- (E) PDAs
- (F) humans
- (G) heat
- (H) anemia
A: (C)
--
Chain-of-thought: Fish have a centralized nervous system with a brain. Sharks are a type of fish. Sharks have a centralized nervous system with a brain.
Q: What has a centralized nervous system with a brain?
Options:
- (A) Man
- (B) Birds
- (C) leeches
- (D) shark
- (E) evergreens
- (F) salmon
- (G) worms
- (H) pan
A: (D)
--
Chain-of-thought: Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Vertebrae, ribs, appendages, and the jaw are endoskeletal bone. Ribs provide protection for internal organs.
| Q: What provides protection for internal organs?
Options:
- (A) fur
- (B) cuticle
- (C) ribs
- (D) skin
- (E) plasma
- (F) brain
- (G) coats
- (H) fat
A: (C)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Climate influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms. Global warming is a part of climate change. Global warming influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms is influenced by:
Options:
- (A) sun's heat
- (B) fossils
- (C) Greenhouse gasses
- (D) animals
- (E) global warming
- (F) the environment
- (G) Darwin
- (H) Greenhouse gases*
Logic of a solution: *Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Bacteria are said to be prokaryotes . Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus.*
*(G)*
The original question: *What are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus?
Options:
- (A) ferns
- (B) barnacles
- (C) Most plants
- (D) cacti
- (E) Leeuwenhoek
- (F) orchids
- (G) bacteria
- (H) PDAs*
Logic of a solution: *Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Bones provide an outer shell to protect our internal organs. Soft tissues and internal organs need an outer shell for protection.*
*(E)*
The original question: | *An animal's outer shell protects internal organs and:
Options:
- (A) food and shelter
- (B) epidermal
- (C) Epidermis
- (D) all matter
- (E) soft tissues
- (F) alveoli
- (G) warmth
- (H) layers of fat* | 6 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein. Gene expression can be regulated at the level of translation of an mRNA into a protein. Translation reads and regulates gene expression.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What process reads and regulates gene expression?
Options:
- (A) organs
- (B) sensory neurons
- (C) A computer
- (D) Plants growth
- (E) translation
- (F) sweating
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) Most plants*
Logic of a solution: *Most people can survive only a few days without water. Water is everywhere H20. Most people can only survive a few days without H20.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What do most people need at least a little of every few days to survive?
Options:
- (A) NACL
- (B) UV
- (C) mL
- (D) oxygen
- (E) corn
- (F) H20
- (G) rest
- (H) Hydrogen*
Line 1: *Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body. Immunology is the study of the immune system. Immunology includes the study of antigens.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What is one thing studied in immunology?
Options:
- (A) illness
- (B) antigens
- (C) humanism
- (D) health
- (E) philosophy
- (F) resistance
- (G) symbology
- (H) fever*
Logic of a solution: *Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. During cytokinesis , the cell body splits into two cells. Splitting into two cells is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes.*
*(C)*
The original question: *Splitting into what is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes?
Options:
- (A) fewer cells
- (B) merged cells
- (C) two cells
- (D) Chlorophyll
- (E) five cells
- (F) autumn
- (G) allow growth
- (H) Leptospirosis*
Line 1: *Most fungi get organic compounds from dead organisms. Proteins are complex organic compounds. Most fungi get proteins from dead organisms.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Where do most fungi get their protein?
Options:
- (A) protein synthesis
- (B) loose soil
- (C) swamp vegetation
- (D) alveoli
- (E) dead organisms
- (F) by indirect light
- (G) glycopeptides
- (H) carbon dioxide*
Line 1: *Algae have varied life cycles. Desmids are green algae, members of the Chlorophyta. Desmids have varied life cycles.*
*(C)*
Line 2: | *What kind of life cycle do desmids have?
Options:
- (A) allow growth
- (B) Leptospirosis
- (C) varied life cycle
- (D) solid, liquid, gas
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) immortal
- (G) fixed life cycle
- (H) static life cycle* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. Annelids have bodies that are segmented. The familiar earthworm has a segmented body.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Earthworm bodies are:
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) segmented
- (C) migrate
- (D) allow growth
- (E) revolving
- (F) more abundant
- (G) Loose
- (H) Absorb light*
Line 1: *Adult sponges produce eggs and sperm. Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals. The most primitive multi-cellular animals produce eggs and sperm.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *The most primitive multi-cellular animals produce what?
Options:
- (A) Electrical energy
- (B) eggs and sperm
- (C) harmful substances
- (D) scarce resources
- (E) Organic compounds
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) fur and fat
- (H) aerobic capacity*
Logic of a solution: *Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Plants are known as producers . Plants make food from inorganic molecules.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Plants make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) inorganic molecules
- (C) photosynthesis
- (D) Light passing through water
- (E) direct energy
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) In their leaves*
Line 1: *Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. All plants are trees. Trees release oxygen during the day but not at night.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What do trees release during the day but not at night?
Options:
- (A) Energy
- (B) water
- (C) He
- (D) Ce
- (E) chemicals
- (F) Energy.
- (G) heat
- (H) oxygen*
Logic of a solution: *Lymphocytes are the key cells involved in the immune response. B lymphocytes produce antibodies . The key cells involved in the immune response produce antibodies.*
*(H)*
The original question: *The cells that produce antibodies are key in what system?
Options:
- (A) health
- (B) T cells
- (C) vision
- (D) humans
- (E) macrophages
- (F) B cells
- (G) disease
- (H) immune*
Logic of a solution: *DNA is found in chromosomes. DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid is found in chromosomes.*
*(C)*
The original question: | *What is found in chromosomes?
Options:
- (A) Chemical energy
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) deoxyribonucleic acid
- (D) toxic acids
- (E) more abundant
- (F) allow growth
- (G) internucleic acid
- (H) chromosomal filters* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Marshes and swamps are wetlands. Marshes and swamps are extremely important biomes.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What are extremely important biomes?
Options:
- (A) important habitats
- (B) urban city
- (C) remains of prehistoric life
- (D) zoos
- (E) water conservation
- (F) Most plants
- (G) manmade aqueducts
- (H) marshes and swamps*
Line 1: *All cells share some of the same structures and basic functions. Cells are also the basic functioning unit of life. The basic functioning unit of life all share the same structures.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *The basic functioning unit of life all share the same what?
Options:
- (A) structure
- (B) four limbs
- (C) organ
- (D) Chlorophyll
- (E) Energy
- (F) layers of fat
- (G) health
- (H) Energy.*
Logic of a solution: *Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Internal migration describes moves within a country. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Migration increases what?
Options:
- (A) root growth
- (B) speed
- (C) distance
- (D) voltage
- (E) energy usage
- (F) Plants growth
- (G) gene flow
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. Another kind of plant is the fishhook cactus. The fishhook cactus releases oxygen during the day but not during the night.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What does the fishhook cactus release during the day but not during the night.
Options:
- (A) heat
- (B) Air
- (C) water
- (D) carbon monoxide
- (E) carbon dioxide
- (F) oxygen
- (G) Energy.
- (H) Energy*
Logic of a solution: *Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. First, strong winds circling Antarctica isolate the atmosphere near the pole the winter. Temperature falls from the equator to Antarctica.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Temperature falls from the equator to
Options:
- (A) South Africa
- (B) Antarctica
- (C) Asia
- (D) our planet
- (E) Summer
- (F) during the day
- (G) South America
- (H) It decreases*
Logic of a solution: *Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Vertebrates generally have a backbone called the spinal column. Vertebrates are animals that have a spinal column in their skeletal system.*
*(B)*
The original question: | *If an animal has a spinal column in their skeletal system what is it called?
Options:
- (A) skeletal animal
- (B) vertebrate
- (C) A Greek letter
- (D) invertebrated
- (E) organ
- (F) critical organs
- (G) spined animal
- (H) epidermal* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Flowers attract animal pollinators. Insects are the most common animal pollinators, and bees are the most common insect pollinators. Flowers attract bees and other insects.*
*(E)*
The original question: *Bees and other insects are attracted on purpose by what?
Options:
- (A) colors
- (B) orchids
- (C) human food
- (D) chemicals
- (E) flowers
- (F) humans
- (G) pollen
- (H) perfume*
Line 1: *Most invertebrates have a nervous system. Jellyfish and insects are invertebrates. Jellyfish have a nervous system.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What has a nervous system?
Options:
- (A) Nerve tonic
- (B) Jellyfish
- (C) Air
- (D) fur seals
- (E) Cardiovascular system
- (F) animals
- (G) chickens
- (H) elephants*
Logic of a solution: *All life relies on a relatively narrow range of pH, or acidity. Acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips. All life relies on a relatively narrow range of something you can measure with paper strips.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What relies on a relatively narrow range of something you can measure with paper strips?
Options:
- (A) Length
- (B) voltage
- (C) all life
- (D) mammals
- (E) humans
- (F) Most plants
- (G) agriculture
- (H) animals*
Line 1: *Carbon may be stored in sedimentary rock for millions of years. Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock. Carbon might be stored in limestone.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What might be stored in limestone?
Options:
- (A) carbonated water
- (B) chemicals
- (C) cigars
- (D) candles
- (E) Energy.
- (F) carbon
- (G) Energy
- (H) fossils*
Logic of a solution: *Molecules of DNA are encoded with instructions that tell cells what to do. DNA encodes the information for protein sequences. Proteins tell cells what to do.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What tells a cell what to do?
Options:
- (A) electricity
- (B) proteins
- (C) A computer
- (D) Energy
- (E) nerves
- (F) sweating
- (G) heat energy
- (H) Energy.*
Logic of a solution: *Heterotrophs are living things that cannot make their own food. All fish are heterotrophic. Fish cannot make their own food.*
*(H)*
The original question: | *What is one thing fish cannot make?
Options:
- (A) babies
- (B) nests
- (C) matter
- (D) fat
- (E) edible
- (F) Energy
- (G) bubbles
- (H) food* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Fertilization of what leads to formation of multicellular embryo in venter
Options:
- (A) seeds
- (B) grow
- (C) epidermal
- (D) pollen
- (E) Deposition
- (F) fertile
- (G) orchids
- (H) gametes
(H)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Fertilization of gametes produces a diploid zygote. Diploid zygote forms multicellular embryo in venter. Fertilization of gametes leads to formation of multicellular embryo in venter.]]
Ques and Ans: Macroevolution occurs how above the level of the species.
Options:
- (A) swiftly
- (B) slowly
- (C) quickly
- (D) forces
- (E) never
- (F) ferns
- (G) animals
- (H) three
(B)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Macroevolution occurs over geologic time above the level of the species. And geologic time is very, very slow. Macroevolution occurs very, very slowly above the level of the species.]]
Ques and Ans: What is it called when male gametes are propelled because of muscle contractions?
Options:
- (A) competition
- (B) rapid expansion
- (C) intercourse
- (D) thrusting
- (E) a wave
- (F) reproductions
- (G) A Greek letter
- (H) ejaculation
(H)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from the epididymes. Male gametes are called sperm. Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel male gametes from the epididymes.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Hormones control many cell activities, so they are very important for homeostasis. Homeostasis is the chemical equilibrium of the body. Hormones are very important for the chemical equilibrium of the body.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What is important for the chemical equilibrium of the body?
Options:
- (A) sleep
- (B) exercise
- (C) hydration
- (D) dish soap
- (E) eyesight
- (F) hormones
- (G) detergent
- (H) glucose*
Logic of a solution: *Plants exhibit phototropism, or growing toward a light source. Many light sources such as the sun and most artificial lights produce unpolarized light. Plants exhibit phototropism, or growing toward the sun or artificial light.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What is called when plants grow toward the sun or an artificial light?
Options:
- (A) Exfoliation
- (B) Brownian motion
- (C) heat energy
- (D) phototropism
- (E) photovoltaic
- (F) autumn
- (G) peachleaf willow
- (H) mitosis*
Line 1: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Toads and frogs are both amphibians. Toads have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three chambered heart.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What has a three chambered heart?
Options:
- (A) alpacas
- (B) goats
- (C) elms
- (D) bats
- (E) orchids
- (F) mammals
- (G) a fish
- (H) toads*
Logic of a solution: *Marine species live mainly in shallow coastal waters. Killer whales prefer shallow and colder coastal waters. Killer whales are a marine species.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What are killer whales?
Options:
- (A) red and black
- (B) They have thick fur
- (C) dangerous
- (D) sharks
- (E) deep sea creatures
- (F) marine species
- (G) Absorb light
- (H) animals*
Line 1: *Passive immunity lasts only as long as the antibodies survive in body fluids. Antibodies are administered to the patient in a process called passive immunization. Antibodies are administered to patients for protection but it only helps as long as the antibodies survive in body fluids.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *How long can antibodies protect the body?
Options:
- (A) As long as antibodies survive
- (B) Slowing the transfer of heat
- (C) For a set time
- (D) by keeping them warm
- (E) it protects them
- (F) Into elderly years
- (G) As long as the human survives
- (H) A compound that donates proton*
Line 1: *Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Cancer is unregulated cell division. Cancer is not caused by viruses.*
*(D)*
Line 2: | *What is one thing viruses do not cause?
Options:
- (A) disease
- (B) AIDS
- (C) illness
- (D) cancer
- (E) Ebola
- (F) fever
- (G) death
- (H) smallpox* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Testosterone stimulates the reproductive organs to develop into male organs. Male mammals have a tube-like organ called the 'penis'. Testosterone causes the penis to develop.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What causes the penis to develop?
Options:
- (A) Creatine
- (B) Energy
- (C) Estrogen
- (D) Testicles
- (E) matter vibrating
- (F) Testosterone
- (G) movement
- (H) It expands*
Logic of a solution: *Annelids are worms such as the familiar earthworm. An earthworm has five hearts. An animal that has five hearts is an annelid.*
*(B)*
The original question: *One example of an annelid has how many hearts?
Options:
- (A) three
- (B) Five
- (C) white
- (D) warm
- (E) four
- (F) strong
- (G) long
- (H) small*
Line 1: *Behaviors that improve fitness increase through natural selection. Many organism behaviors have evolved through natural selection. An organism's fitness is a result of evolution.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What is one of the facets of an organism's evolution?
Options:
- (A) resistance
- (B) fitness
- (C) properties
- (D) thirst
- (E) movement
- (F) swimming
- (G) offspring
- (H) recycling*
Logic of a solution: *Climate influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms. Climates are determined mostly by temperature. Temperature influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptions of land organisms.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What influences plant growth, biodiversity, and adaptations of land organisms?
Options:
- (A) the environment
- (B) anatomy
- (C) temperature
- (D) Summer
- (E) speed of growth
- (F) lifespan
- (G) weather changes
- (H) global warming*
Line 1: *Alternation of generations allows for both asexual and sexual reproduction. Reproduction Organisms create young of their species by reproduction. Alternation of generations allows for creating young by asexual and sexual means.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What allows for an organism to create young by sexual and asexual means?
Options:
- (A) spread flower seeds
- (B) remains of prehistoric life
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) photosynthesis
- (E) mate with females
- (F) members of their own species
- (G) A compound that donates proton
- (H) alternation of generations*
Line 1: *Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Cells, the basic units of every living organism, proliferate by binary division. Viruses do not proliferate via binary division.*
*(H)*
Line 2: | *In what way do viruses not proliferate?
Options:
- (A) adding heat
- (B) at or near the margins
- (C) They may not survive.
- (D) dry conditions
- (E) heat or cold
- (F) by indirect light
- (G) Localized damage
- (H) binary division* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What typically travel long distances?
Options:
- (A) slugs
- (B) snails
- (C) home bodies
- (D) manatees
- (E) supersonic
- (F) trains
- (G) humans
- (H) Cars
(D)
Logic chain: Migrants typically travel long distances. Manatees are a migrant species. Manatees typically travel long distances.
Ques and Ans: What are bird beaks often adapted to eat?
Options:
- (A) moles.
- (B) fish
- (C) nests
- (D) chicks
- (E) trees
- (F) apples
- (G) edible
- (H) Fruits
(B)
Logic chain: Bird beaks are generally adapted for the food they eat. Birds eat the fish, algae and human food. Bird beaks are often adapted for eating fish.
Ques and Ans: Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the area where what is found?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) Fjords
- (C) Most plants
- (D) Icebergs
- (E) Rainforests
- (F) Tundra
- (G) our planet
- (H) Animal survival
(E)
Logic chain: Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator. Most rainforests lie near the equator. Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the area where the rainforests lie.
Ques and Ans: Sperm had to swim from male to female what for fertilization?
Options:
- (A) The flowers are pollinated
- (B) seed dispersal
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) produce offspring
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) A compound that donates proton
- (G) metabolic reaction
- (H) Organs within the body.
(H)
Logic chain: | Sperm had to swim from male to female reproductive organs for fertilization. Within the body are the stomach and reproductive organs. Sperm had to swim from male to female organs within the body for fertilization. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence. Ribosomes are assembled in the nucleoli. Molecules of tRNA and amino acids are assembled in the nucleoli.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *Molecules of trna and amino acids are assembled where?
Options:
- (A) nucleoli
- (B) A computer
- (C) Cooking
- (D) Most plants
- (E) boiling
- (F) animals
- (G) Power plants
- (H) retina*
Logic of a solution: *All life relies on a relatively narrow range of pH, or acidity. If the pH level is higher or lower, aquatic life is endangered. Aquatic life is endangered if acidity is higher or lower than a narrow range.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What happens to aquatic life if acidity is higher or lower than a narrow range?
Options:
- (A) Plant growth is reduced
- (B) They may not survive.
- (C) Aquatic life sinks
- (D) harm them
- (E) It is endangered
- (F) Damages them
- (G) Aquatic life moves to dry land
- (H) Aquatic life flourishes*
Line 1: *Organisms use lipids to store energy. Another name for fat is lipid . Organisms use fat to store energy.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Organisms use what to store energy?
Options:
- (A) food
- (B) skin
- (C) fat
- (D) RNA
- (E) batteries
- (F) CO 2
- (G) bone
- (H) O2*
Logic of a solution: *Reptiles are a class of tetrapod vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs. Crocodiles, snakes, and lizards are all types of reptiles. Crocodiles are a type of tetrapod vertebrates that make amniotic eggs.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What is an example of a tetrapod vertebrate?
Options:
- (A) genus
- (B) Leeuwenhoek
- (C) a fish
- (D) crocodile
- (E) animals
- (F) four limbs
- (G) warm-blooded
- (H) graptolites*
Line 1: *Mammals generate heat mainly by keeping their metabolic rate high. And resting metabolic rate is a big contributor to calories burning. Mammals generate heat mainly by burning calories.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Mammals generate heat mainly by what?
Options:
- (A) hugging mammals
- (B) calorie counting
- (C) with their fur
- (D) energy of moving objects
- (E) burning calories
- (F) sweating
- (G) selling fur coats
- (H) flow of electrons*
Line 1: *Flatworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes. Flatworms Flatworms or Platyhelminthes include flukes, tapeworms, and turbellarians. Tapeworms belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes.*
*(E)*
Line 2: | *What kind of worm belongs to the phylum platyhelminthes?
Options:
- (A) homogenous
- (B) moves
- (C) dangerous
- (D) insects
- (E) tapeworm
- (F) parasites
- (G) white
- (H) graptolites* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (D)
Question: What is one way dogs learn to behave?
Options:
- (A) exercise
- (B) mating
- (C) ligt
- (D) playing
- (E) parties
- (F) slumber
- (G) firm hugs
- (H) Movement
CoT: Playing is one way mammals and other animals learn how to behave. Cats are Mammals that Shed Dogs are Mammals that Wag their tails. Playing is one way dogs learn to behave.
Ans: (F)
Question: What kind of organism use cellulose for their cell walls?
Options:
- (A) parasites
- (B) animals
- (C) Conifers
- (D) fungus
- (E) vegetation
- (F) producers
- (G) amoeba
- (H) viruses
CoT: Plants use cellulose for their cell walls. If the plant is green, it is a producer. Producers use cellulose for their cell walls.
Ans: (D)
| Question: Muscle and internal organs are protected by:
Options:
- (A) immunization
- (B) fur
- (C) fat
- (D) bone
- (E) hair
- (F) skin
- (G) defense
- (H) copper
CoT: Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Soft tissue refers to the soft connective or supporting tissues, such as muscle. Bone provides protection for muscles and internal organs. | 3 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (G)
Question: Flower spores eventually develop into an entity that is:
Options:
- (A) sperm
- (B) fertile
- (C) mammalian
- (D) ferns
- (E) fungi
- (F) development
- (G) haploid
- (H) plants
CoT: Flowers produce spores that develop into gametophytes. All gametophytes are haploid. Flowers produce spores that develop into haploid entities.
Ans: (G)
Question: What is important in preventing heat loss from the body?
Options:
- (A) hydration
- (B) a cuticle
- (C) stay warm
- (D) sweating
- (E) warmth
- (F) skin
- (G) keratin
- (H) Animal fur
CoT: Head hair is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body. Hair is actually composed of a protein called keratin. Keratin is especially important in preventing heat loss from the body.
Ans: (D)
Question: Who can shiver?
Options:
- (A) bats
- (B) Sidewalks
- (C) humans
- (D) Bees
- (E) koalas
- (F) Mountains
- (G) Trees
- (H) people
CoT: Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Honey bees generate heat by consuming honey and shivering their muscles. Honey bees can shiver.
Ans: (G)
| Question: _ bind to allergens.
Options:
- (A) to stay warm
- (B) mammals
- (C) fur and fat
- (D) animals
- (E) protect them
- (F) Most plants
- (G) Antibodies
- (H) Chemical energy
CoT: Antibodies are large, Y-shaped proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. Allergens are also called Antigens. Antibodies bind to allergens. | 7 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.
Q: Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that:
Options:
- (A) reproduce
- (B) tadpoles
- (C) Loose
- (D) form sand
- (E) are still attached
- (F) allow growth
- (G) break off
- (H) fungal
A: (G)
--
Chain-of-thought: Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Palustrine wetlands include marshes, bogs, and swamps. Marshes, bogs and swamps are very important biomes.
Q: What are important biomes?
Options:
- (A) important habitats
- (B) fruits, vegetables and plants
- (C) retaining heat
- (D) stars, comets and planets
- (E) cats, dogs and humans
- (F) absorb light energy
- (G) marshes, bogs, and swamps
- (H) remains of prehistoric life
A: (G)
--
Chain-of-thought: Population density is the average number of individuals per unit of area or volume. Another measure of growth is population density. Growth of an area can be determined by the average number of people per unit of area.
| Q: What can be determined by the average number of people per one unit of area?
Options:
- (A) hygeine
- (B) emissions
- (C) animals
- (D) growth
- (E) forces
- (F) health
- (G) education
- (H) people
A: (D)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population. Internal migration describes moves within a country. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Migration increases what?
Options:
- (A) root growth
- (B) speed
- (C) distance
- (D) voltage
- (E) energy usage
- (F) Plants growth
- (G) gene flow
- (H) layers of fat*
Line 1: *Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphates from other enzymes. Cells secrete acids and bases to keep the proper pH for phosphatases to work properly.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What is needed from cells for phosphatases to keep the proper ph?
Options:
- (A) plasma
- (B) secretion of bases only
- (C) secretion of proteins
- (D) metabolic reaction
- (E) it helps plants in growing
- (F) Positive charges
- (G) Transfers energy
- (H) secretion of acids and bases*
Logic of a solution: *Plants respond to daily and seasonal cycles and to disease. Plant diseases cause by bacteria. Plants respond to seasonal and daily cycles and to bacteria.*
*(A)*
The original question: *Bacteria causes what to be harmed?
Options:
- (A) plants
- (B) electronics
- (C) fossils
- (D) humans
- (E) animals
- (F) viruses
- (G) food
- (H) the skin*
Line 1: *Evolution occurs in response to a change in the environment. Different environments Life is a changing phenomenon. Evolution occurs in response to changing phenomenon in life.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *Evolution occurs in response to what in life?
Options:
- (A) static events
- (B) global warming
- (C) that material's properties
- (D) changing phenomenon
- (E) major threat to health
- (F) changing tides
- (G) Animal survival
- (H) isolated events*
Logic of a solution: *Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. Oxygen-rich blood is critical for erectile health. Arteries are critical for erectile health.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What are critical for erectile health?
Options:
- (A) fur and fat
- (B) Energy.
- (C) Energy
- (D) sweating
- (E) exercise
- (F) arteries
- (G) strength
- (H) a cuticle*
Logic of a solution: *Viruses are not cells at all, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. Viruses Viruses are the smallest agents of disease. The smallest agents of disease are not cells at all, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes.*
*(C)*
The original question: | *What are not cells at all, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes?
Options:
- (A) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (B) Microscopic organisms
- (C) The smallest agent of disease
- (D) Dead prehistoric beings
- (E) female sex cells
- (F) major threat to health
- (G) remains of prehistoric life
- (H) Something that smells like rotten eggs* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium. Gametes in males are called sperm, and in women commonly referred to as eggs. Fertilization occurs when male gametes swim to an egg.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What occurs when a male gamete swims to an egg?
Options:
- (A) permineralization
- (B) competition
- (C) movement
- (D) rapid expansion
- (E) fertilization
- (F) birth
- (G) copulation
- (H) ovulation*
Logic of a solution: *Temperature falls from lower to higher altitudes. Heat and temperature are the same. Heat falls from lower to higher altitudes.*
*(D)*
The original question: *The measurement of what falls from lower to higher altitudes?
Options:
- (A) snow
- (B) rain
- (C) Energy
- (D) heat
- (E) Inches
- (F) meters
- (G) H 2 O
- (H) motion*
Line 1: *Lymphocytes are the key cells involved in the immune response. Antibodies are synthesised by lymphocytes. Antibodies are involved in the immune response.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What response are antibodies involved in?
Options:
- (A) resistance activities
- (B) the pituitary response
- (C) major threat to health
- (D) antigens summoning them
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) being taken as a supplement
- (G) resistance
- (H) the immune response*
Logic of a solution: *Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton. Diatoms are the predominant phytoplankton. Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on diatoms.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Zooplankton are tiny animals that feed on what?
Options:
- (A) sunlight
- (B) vegetation
- (C) Energy
- (D) loose soil
- (E) plant life
- (F) diatoms
- (G) fungi
- (H) chemicals*
Line 1: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. Atoms are tiny particles that are too small to see. Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very tiny.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *What size are cells?
Options:
- (A) either huge or tiny
- (B) non existent
- (C) dense
- (D) large
- (E) white
- (F) tiny
- (G) dead
- (H) albino*
Line 1: *Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. Mutations are changes in the genetic material. Changes in the genetic material are essential for evolution to occur.*
*(B)*
Line 2: | *Changes in what are essential for evolution to occur.
Options:
- (A) color of leaves
- (B) genetic material
- (C) learned behavior
- (D) synthetic material
- (E) the body's largest organ
- (F) acquired characteristics
- (G) sensory neurons
- (H) Most plants* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (H)
Question: How many times can cells split into parts?
Options:
- (A) As many times as it likes
- (B) massive damage
- (C) No times
- (D) An infinite number of times
- (E) heat produced
- (F) during the day
- (G) Temperature changing
- (H) A set number of times
CoT: Cells are programmed to divide only a set number of times. Parts means something has been divided. Cells are programmed to split into parts only a set number of times.
Ans: (B)
Question: What has radial symmetry?
Options:
- (A) peachleaf willow
- (B) sea urchins
- (C) humans
- (D) gastropod shells
- (E) A Greek letter
- (F) asymmetry
- (G) dogs
- (H) Most plants
CoT: Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. Sea urchins are echinoderms, in the same family as starfish. Adult sea urchins have radial symmetry.
Ans: (H)
| Question: What provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs?
Options:
- (A) fur and fat
- (B) eye color
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) synapses
- (E) a cuticle
- (F) layers of fat
- (G) nerves
- (H) the skeleton
CoT: Bone provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. The skeleton provides protection for soft tissues and internal organs. | 3 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Pacinian corpuscles are found mainly in the _.
Options:
- (A) tumor
- (B) pupils
- (C) muscle
- (D) hair
- (E) skin
- (F) Man
- (G) retina
- (H) Summer
(E)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Pressure receptors are found mainly in the skin. Pacinian corpuscles are pressure receptors. Pacinian corpuscles are found mainly in the skin.]]
Ques and Ans: Atoms make up many things, like what?
Options:
- (A) glass
- (B) matter
- (C) A computer
- (D) Fuel cells
- (E) copper
- (F) viruses
- (G) Light
- (H) Energy
(F)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Viruses are usually considered to be nonliving. All matter, living and nonliving, is made up of atoms. Viruses are made up of atoms.]]
Ques and Ans: Fur is a fiber that is found only on what kind of animal?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) reptiles
- (C) bird
- (D) humans
- (E) mammals
- (F) insects
- (G) goats
- (H) Animal fur
(E)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Hair is a fiber that is found only in mammals. All mammals have fur or hair. Fur is a fiber that is found only in mammals.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that:
Options:
- (A) reproduce
- (B) tadpoles
- (C) Loose
- (D) form sand
- (E) are still attached
- (F) allow growth
- (G) break off
- (H) fungal
(G)
Logic chain: Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms Earthworms are in the phylum Annelids. Earthworms have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off.
Ques and Ans: When insects move from one place to another, this usually causes
Options:
- (A) seed dispersal
- (B) Transfers energy
- (C) change in mood
- (D) death and devastation
- (E) change in population size
- (F) change in individual insect
- (G) change in shape
- (H) converting mass to energy
(E)
Logic chain: Migration is a type of movement that changes population size. Insects can also migrate. Insects sometimes change population size by moving from one place to another.
Ques and Ans: How is survival ensured around hydrothermal vents?
Options:
- (A) heat produced
- (B) Eating a lot
- (C) Reproducing quickly
- (D) biological diversity
- (E) vegetation
- (F) Being in a cluster
- (G) Staying far apart
- (H) hydrate their cells
(F)
Logic chain: Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. To survive, some organisms living near hydrothermal vents have formed close associations. Clusters form around hydrothermal vents to ensure survival.
Ques and Ans: What helps to insulate and protect the body?
Options:
- (A) tail fins
- (B) Animal fur
- (C) fur seals
- (D) keratin
- (E) nitrogen
- (F) snow
- (G) Epidermis
- (H) poultry
(D)
Logic chain: | Hair helps to insulate and protect the body. Hair is composed of the protein keratin. The protein keratin helps to insulate and protect the body. | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Chain-of-thought: Some birds are pollinators that co-evolved with plants. Bird A bird is an animal with feathers. Some animals with feathers are pollinators.
Q: Some what with feathers are pollinators?
Options:
- (A) bees
- (B) tortoises
- (C) fish
- (D) snakes
- (E) strong
- (F) ducks
- (G) Vanes
- (H) animals
A: (H)
--
Chain-of-thought: Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Autotrophs are referred to as producers. Autotrophs make food from inorganic molecules.
Q: Autotrophs make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Converting waste.
- (B) members of their own species
- (C) Chemical energy
- (D) photosynthesis
- (E) that material's properties
- (F) inorganic molecules
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) Chlorophyll
A: (F)
--
Chain-of-thought: Antigens are found on cancer cells and the cells of transplanted organs. Antibodies bound to antigen are then measured by RCAT-based amplification of the associated DNA tag. Cells bound by antibodies can be found on cancer cells and the cells of transplanted organs.
| Q: Where can cells bound by antibodies more likely be found?
Options:
- (A) critical organs
- (B) colder and wetter
- (C) the environment
- (D) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) epidermis and dermis
- (G) on cancer cells
- (H) the skin
A: (G)
-- | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Algae have varied life cycles. Desmids are green algae, members of the Chlorophyta. Desmids have varied life cycles.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What kind of life cycle do desmids have?
Options:
- (A) allow growth
- (B) Leptospirosis
- (C) varied life cycle
- (D) solid, liquid, gas
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) immortal
- (G) fixed life cycle
- (H) static life cycle*
Line 1: *Wetlands are extremely important biomes. Biomes are global ecosystems. Wetlands are extremely important ecosystems.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *Wetlands are a very important type of what?
Options:
- (A) forest land
- (B) allow growth
- (C) Plants growth
- (D) swamp
- (E) storing water
- (F) district
- (G) animals
- (H) ecosystem*
Logic of a solution: *Arthropods are the largest phylum of invertebrates. Insects are the largest group of arthropods. Insects belong to the largest phylum of invertibrates.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What animals belong to the largest phylum of invertibrates?
Options:
- (A) plants
- (B) parasites
- (C) octopuses
- (D) tortoises
- (E) eartworms
- (F) insects
- (G) mammals
- (H) animals*
Line 1: *Air pollution harms the respiratory and circulatory systems. Exposure to ozone can diminish lung function and increase susceptibility to respiratory infection. Exposure to air pollution can harm the lungs.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *Which type of pollution is most harmful to lungs?
Options:
- (A) Lead
- (B) air
- (C) Cars
- (D) oil
- (E) acid
- (F) CFCs
- (G) SO2
- (H) mold*
Logic of a solution: *Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein. Gene expression can be regulated at the level of translation of an mRNA into a protein. Translation reads and regulates gene expression.*
*(E)*
The original question: *What process reads and regulates gene expression?
Options:
- (A) organs
- (B) sensory neurons
- (C) A computer
- (D) Plants growth
- (E) translation
- (F) sweating
- (G) heat or cold
- (H) Most plants*
Logic of a solution: *Animals are a kingdom of multicellular eukaryotes. Invertebrates are the majority of the animal kingdom. The majority of multicellular eukaryotes are invertebrates.*
*(H)*
The original question: | *The majority of multicellular eukaryotes are:
Options:
- (A) Most plants
- (B) infectious
- (C) viruses
- (D) bacteria
- (E) Absorb light
- (F) insects
- (G) important habitats
- (H) invertebrates* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: Plants cell walls are made of
Options:
- (A) fiber
- (B) keratin
- (C) alveoli
- (D) cations
- (E) matter
- (F) CO 2
- (G) porous
- (H) Cane.
(A)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. Basically, fiber is cellulose . Plants cell walls are made of fiber.]]
Ques and Ans: What regrows broken off segments of itself?
Options:
- (A) barnacles
- (B) teeth
- (C) roots
- (D) earthworm
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) spiders
- (G) cells
- (H) root growth
(D)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Annelids have the amazing capacity to regrow segments that break off. Earthworms are annelids meaning segmented. Earthworms can regrow broken off segments of their bodies.]]
Ques and Ans: What do organisms cluster around in the ocean floor?
Options:
- (A) kalenchoes
- (B) ferns
- (C) bacteria
- (D) Chimneys
- (E) an object
- (F) alveoli
- (G) graptolites
- (H) allow growth
(D)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. Chimneys top some hydrothermal vents. Organisms cluster around chimneys in the ocean floor.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What is used as energy by most organisms?
Options:
- (A) sodium
- (B) water
- (C) energy.
- (D) food
- (E) sugar
- (F) Energy
- (G) solutes
- (H) light
(E)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Glucose is used for energy by the cells of most organisms. For instance, glucose is a sugar. Sugar is used for energy by the cells of most organisms.]]
Ques and Ans: What can fats consist of?
Options:
- (A) Energy
- (B) Weight
- (C) ice
- (D) chlorophyll
- (E) water
- (F) Energy.
- (G) Chemical energy
- (H) fatty acid
(H)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Lipids may consist of fatty acids alone, or they may contain other molecules as well. Fats are known as lipids. Fats may consist of fatty acids alone, or they may contain other molecules as well.]]
Ques and Ans: Biomass is the total mass of living things at each what?
Options:
- (A) trophic level
- (B) important habitats
- (C) Energy.
- (D) food and shelter
- (E) Power plants
- (F) animals
- (G) body water
- (H) heat energy
(A)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Biomass is the total mass of organisms at a trophic level. Most living things are called organisms. Biomass is the total mass of living things at a trophic level.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: In what way does a catalyst help in chemical reactions?
Options:
- (A) Generating heat
- (B) lowered energy cost
- (C) metabolic reaction
- (D) heating liquids
- (E) by making heat
- (F) adding heat
- (G) increases a body's strength
- (H) preventing heat transfer
(B)
Logic for the answer: All chemical reactions require activation energy to get started. Catalysts lower the activation energy. A catalyst can lower the energy cost of a chemical reaction.
Ques and Ans: Some viruses can what?
Options:
- (A) fret
- (B) harm
- (C) damage
- (D) grow
- (E) expand
- (F) discover
- (G) visit
- (H) kill
(H)
Logic for the answer: Some viruses can cause cancer. Skin cancer can kill. Some viruses can kill.
Ques and Ans: Organisms cluster around hot water inside cracks where?
Options:
- (A) loose soil
- (B) ocean floor
- (C) food and shelter
- (D) tectonic plates
- (E) the ground
- (F) allow growth
- (G) Absorb light
- (H) survive
(B)
Logic for the answer: Organisms cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. Background Hot water vents form inside cracks in the ocean floor. Organisms cluster around hot water inside cracks in the ocean floor.
Ques and Ans: Fertilization occurs when an egg and what join together to form a diploid zygote?
Options:
- (A) rapid expansion
- (B) testosterone
- (C) gastropod shells
- (D) penis
- (E) peachleaf willow
- (F) pollen
- (G) male hormone
- (H) male gamete
(H)
Logic for the answer: | Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. Male gametes are called sperm. Fertilization occurs when a male gamete and an egg fuse to form a diploid zygote. | 4 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ans: (G)
Question: What usually results from getting shots?
Options:
- (A) heat produced
- (B) susceptibility to disease
- (C) limb amputation
- (D) a lot of human deaths
- (E) death and devastation
- (F) healing
- (G) resistance to disease
- (H) confusion
CoT: Immunity results from immunization. Immunization records with all required shots. Resistance to disease results from getting shots.
Ans: (A)
Question: When do platyhelminthes reproductive organs develop?
Options:
- (A) when they become adults
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) produce offspring
- (D) By wind and rain
- (E) during the day
- (F) members of their own species
- (G) an area swollen with pus
- (H) Something coming from a gland
CoT: Adult worms go through a major transformation to develop reproductive organs. Marine flatworms belong to a major group of worms called the Platyhelminthes. Adult platyhelminthes go through a major transformation to develop reproductive organs.
Ans: (D)
| Question: Female monotremes reproduce by laying eggs and have no what?
Options:
- (A) alveoli
- (B) fusion
- (C) embryos
- (D) teats
- (E) rings
- (F) pollen
- (G) food
- (H) eyes
CoT: Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Unlike most mammals, female monotremes have no teats. Female monotremes reproduce by laying eggs and have no teats. | 3 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water. Organisms or living beings are literally things that are alive. Living beings that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Living beings in marine biomes must be adapted to what in the water?
Options:
- (A) CO 2
- (B) stress
- (C) liquid
- (D) salt
- (E) heat
- (F) an ion
- (G) energy
- (H) motion*
Line 1: *Producers use energy and inorganic molecules to make food. If the plant is green, it is a producer. Plants use energy to make food.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What can use energy in order to make food for itself and others?
Options:
- (A) organisms
- (B) mollusks
- (C) trees
- (D) microbes
- (E) seeds
- (F) chlorophyll
- (G) plants
- (H) animals*
Logic of a solution: *Producers make food from inorganic molecules. Autotrophs are referred to as producers. Autotrophs make food from inorganic molecules.*
*(F)*
The original question: *Autotrophs make food from what?
Options:
- (A) Converting waste.
- (B) members of their own species
- (C) Chemical energy
- (D) photosynthesis
- (E) that material's properties
- (F) inorganic molecules
- (G) Organic compounds
- (H) Chlorophyll*
Line 1: *All life relies on a relatively narrow range of pH, or acidity. Acidity is measured with a pH meter or with pH paper strips. All life relies on a relatively narrow range of something you can measure with paper strips.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What relies on a relatively narrow range of something you can measure with paper strips?
Options:
- (A) Length
- (B) voltage
- (C) all life
- (D) mammals
- (E) humans
- (F) Most plants
- (G) agriculture
- (H) animals*
Logic of a solution: *Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight. On Earth, energy from sunlight heats the atmosphere more at the equator than at the poles. Most ecosystems get energy from heat in the atmosphere.*
*(G)*
The original question: *Most ecosystems get energy from what in the atmosphere?
Options:
- (A) fires
- (B) Sun
- (C) wind
- (D) summer
- (E) oxygen
- (F) Light
- (G) heat
- (H) H20*
Logic of a solution: *Earthworm burrows help aerate soil, which is also good for plants. Most species construct burrows. Constructions by earthworms help aerate soil which is good for plants.*
*(F)*
The original question: | *What do constructions by earthworms help to do?
Options:
- (A) compact soil
- (B) moisten soil
- (C) agriculture
- (D) to move people
- (E) relocation
- (F) aerate soil
- (G) survival
- (H) dry out soil* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Vertebrates are all chordates that have a backbone. Invertebrates are animals who lack a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrates are all chordates that have a spinal column.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What do all vertebrates have that invertebrates don't?
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) fur and fat
- (C) bones and joints
- (D) a jaw bone
- (E) kinetic energy
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) a spinal column
- (H) a set of gills*
--
Line 1: *Balance is the ability to sense and maintain body position. Balance is important in skiing and balance is important in life. In order to ski, it is necessary to maintain body position.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What can maintaining body position help you to do?
Options:
- (A) work
- (B) play
- (C) move
- (D) live
- (E) rest
- (F) Lift
- (G) ski
- (H) fly*
--
Line 1: *Some viruses live in a dormant state inside the body. After an episode of chickenpox, the virus becomes dormant in the body. Chicken pox can live in an inactive state.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *What is an example of an entity that can live on in a completely inactive state?
Options:
- (A) an object
- (B) sloths
- (C) hibernating bears
- (D) Conifers
- (E) chickenpox
- (F) barnacles
- (G) a fish
- (H) mammals*
--
Line 1: *Migrants typically travel long distances. Whales travel long distances each day. While migrants would typically do so, whales can travel longer each day.*
*(C)*
Line 2: | *Which of the following can travel longer than migrants each day?
Options:
- (A) humans
- (B) ducks
- (C) Whales
- (D) insects
- (E) fur seals
- (F) mammals
- (G) vehicles
- (H) alpacas*
-- | 2 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have permeable skin that easily absorbs substances from the environment. Natural Toxins Toxins are poisonous substances from bacterias, plants or animals. Amphibians have permeable skin that can easily absorb toxins from bacterias, plants or animals.*
*(B)*
The original question: *Why can amphibians easily absorb toxins?
Options:
- (A) salamanders
- (B) permeable skin
- (C) hydrate their cells
- (D) it needs them
- (E) poisonous frogs
- (F) Pesticides
- (G) cold blooded
- (H) bending light rays*
Line 1: *Cells vary in size as well as shape, but all cells are very small. An embryo is so small that it requires a microscope in order to be seen. A cell requires a microscope in order to be seen.*
*(B)*
Line 2: *What requires a microscope in order to be seen?
Options:
- (A) fungi
- (B) cells
- (C) mildew
- (D) gasoline
- (E) fungus
- (F) matter
- (G) telescopes
- (H) sunlight*
Logic of a solution: *Some parasites kill their host, but most do not. Parasites are organisms which live off a host. Some organisms which live off a host kill it, but most do not.*
*(H)*
The original question: *Some what which live off a host kill it, but most do not?
Options:
- (A) offspring
- (B) pets
- (C) poisons
- (D) fungi
- (E) Leptospirosis
- (F) bacteria
- (G) animals
- (H) organisms*
Line 1: *Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night. All plants are trees. Trees release oxygen during the day but not at night.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What do trees release during the day but not at night?
Options:
- (A) Energy
- (B) water
- (C) He
- (D) Ce
- (E) chemicals
- (F) Energy.
- (G) heat
- (H) oxygen*
Logic of a solution: *Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood. Blood Sugar Glucose is sugar. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.*
*(C)*
The original question: *What is absorbed from the blood when someone uses the hormone or a medicine containing insulin?
Options:
- (A) red blood cells
- (B) Energy
- (C) glucose
- (D) sodium
- (E) oxygen
- (F) heat
- (G) lmestone
- (H) Energy.*
Logic of a solution: *Plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes. If the plant is green, it is a producer. Producers that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes.*
*(A)*
The original question: | *Producers that are adapted to very dry environments are called what?
Options:
- (A) xerophytes
- (B) ragweed
- (C) mammals
- (D) dry plants
- (E) animals
- (F) cactus
- (G) alpacas
- (H) bacteria* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What can be a source of food for many species of fish?
Options:
- (A) Fully cooking the oysters
- (B) Organic compounds
- (C) beef
- (D) fishing poles
- (E) sessile organisms
- (F) barnacles
- (G) grass
- (H) gastropod shells
(E)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Sponges are a source of food for many species of fish. Most sponges are sessile. Sessile organisms can be a source of food for many species of fish.]]
Ques and Ans: Girls have used what to learn behaviors for generations?
Options:
- (A) Birds
- (B) trees
- (C) rainbows
- (D) sound
- (E) alleles
- (F) bows
- (G) nerves
- (H) dolls
(H)
Explanation for the Ans above: [[Behaviors can be learned through play. Girls have played with dolls for generations. Girls have used dolls to learn behaviors for generations.]]
Ques and Ans: How do platypus lay eggs?
Options:
- (A) epidermis and dermis
- (B) on a flat plane
- (C) in a tree
- (D) fur and fat
- (E) during the day
- (F) it keeps an organism warm
- (G) in a dug out area
- (H) in the water
(G)
Explanation for the Ans above: | [[Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Burrows dug by badgers are also important in many areas. Platypus females lay eggs in a dug out area.]] | 8 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Solution idea: Most mollusks have shells. Mollusks are invertebrates and are no exception. Some invertebrates have shells.
Q: Some invertebrates may have which feature?
Options:
- (A) invertebrate
- (B) fat
- (C) gills
- (D) exception
- (E) three
- (F) mollusk
- (G) complex
- (H) shell
A: (H)
Solution idea: Many corals secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a coral reef. Good examples are Bubble coral, Elegance coral, Frogspawn and other Euphyllia corals. Organisms like frogspawns secrete an exoskeleton that builds up to become a reef.
Q: What is secreted by organisms like frogspawn to become a reef?
Options:
- (A) exocrine glands
- (B) food and shelter
- (C) exoskeleton
- (D) bones
- (E) Energy
- (F) Chemical energy
- (G) plasma
- (H) Energy.
A: (C)
Solution idea: Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium. Gametes in males are called sperm, and in women commonly referred to as eggs. Fertilization occurs when male gametes swim to an egg.
Q: What occurs when a male gamete swims to an egg?
Options:
- (A) permineralization
- (B) competition
- (C) movement
- (D) rapid expansion
- (E) fertilization
- (F) birth
- (G) copulation
- (H) ovulation
A: (E)
Solution idea: Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. Another gene, named BRCA2, has also been identified. Chromosomes contain BRCA2.
| Q: Where is brca2 located?
Options:
- (A) retina
- (B) lungs
- (C) chromatic
- (D) the eyes
- (E) chromosome
- (F) chromography
- (G) chrome
- (H) sensory neurons
A: (E) | 5 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Most salamanders use their sense of smell to find a mate. Food to survive, mates to reproduce, and water to drink. To reproduce, salamanders are assisted by their sense of smell.*
*(F)*
The original question: *In their quest for reproduction, salamanders are assisted by their what?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) kinetic energy
- (C) sense of irony
- (D) taste in clothing
- (E) fur and fat
- (F) sense of smell
- (G) chameleon
- (H) insects*
Line 1: *Bottleneck effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller. Population is the number of people. Bottleneck effect occurs when the number of people suddenly gets much smaller.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What is it called when the number of people suddenly gets smaller?
Options:
- (A) competing for resources
- (B) competition
- (C) A Greek letter
- (D) heat or cold
- (E) Earth orbiting the Sun
- (F) permineralization
- (G) bottleneck effect
- (H) relocation*
Logic of a solution: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. All frogs are amphibians. Frogs have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(A)*
The original question: *What has a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart?
Options:
- (A) frogs
- (B) a fish
- (C) salmon
- (D) alpacas
- (E) Man
- (F) Birds
- (G) sharks
- (H) pan*
Line 1: *Communities consist of populations of different species. Biodiversity is a lot more than just the number of different plant and animal species. Communities consist of populations that are biodiverse.*
*(E)*
Line 2: *Populations that are biodiverse might be called:
Options:
- (A) homogenous enclaves
- (B) similar
- (C) animals
- (D) peachleaf willow
- (E) communities
- (F) bottlenecks
- (G) insects
- (H) fertile*
Logic of a solution: *Dilation occurs when cell walls relax. Cell wall is the rigid structure that surrounds the plant cell. Dilation occurs when the rigid structure that surrounds the plant cell relaxes.*
*(D)*
The original question: *What happens before the rigid structure that surrounds the plant cell dilates?
Options:
- (A) It decreases
- (B) competition
- (C) air cools
- (D) relaxation
- (E) cracking
- (F) sweating
- (G) rapid expansion
- (H) It expands*
Logic of a solution: *Pneumonia may be caused by an infection or injury of the lungs. Legionnaires' disease is a type of pneumonia. Legionnaires' disease may be caused by an infection or injury of the lungs.*
*(C)*
The original question: | *What may be caused by an infection or injury of the lungs?
Options:
- (A) death and devastation
- (B) deadly and devastating
- (C) Legionnaires' disease
- (D) blood
- (E) smoking
- (F) a lot of human deaths
- (G) a tree falling
- (H) cigarettes* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Solution idea: Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Each starfish arm is lined with tube feet. Starfish are echinoderms.
Q: What phylum do starfish belong to?
Options:
- (A) fertile
- (B) animals
- (C) Echinoderm.
- (D) Mollusca.
- (E) Sponge.
- (F) Absorb light
- (G) Annelid.
- (H) a fish
A: (C)
Solution idea: Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Unlike most mammals, female monotremes have no teats. Female monotremes reproduce by laying eggs and have no teats.
Q: Female monotremes reproduce by laying eggs and have no what?
Options:
- (A) alveoli
- (B) fusion
- (C) embryos
- (D) teats
- (E) rings
- (F) pollen
- (G) food
- (H) eyes
A: (D)
Solution idea: Carbon may be stored in sedimentary rock for millions of years. Carbon is the fuel source. A fuel source may be stored in sedimentary rock for millions of years.
Q: What may be stored in sedimentary rock for millions of years.
Options:
- (A) Sand castles
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) heat energy
- (D) Millions of dollars.
- (E) A fuel source.
- (F) Energy.
- (G) In sediment
- (H) Stored animal fur.
A: (E)
Solution idea: Cells are the basic units of the structure and function of living things. Osteogenic cell types are indicated. Osteogenic is a type of the basic units of the structure and function of living things.
| Q: What is a type of the basic units of the structure and function of living things?
Options:
- (A) sensory neurons
- (B) osteogenic
- (C) animals
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) Energy
- (F) trees
- (G) ferns
- (H) fur and fat
A: (B) | 5 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Ques and Ans: What is a potential outcome of genetic mutation?
Options:
- (A) HIV
- (B) albino
- (C) anemia
- (D) pizza eating turtles
- (E) genealogy
- (F) SNPs
- (G) biology
- (H) death
(F)
Logic for the answer: Mutations may change the structure of a chromosome or just change a single nucleotide. SNPs involve polymorphisms at the single nucleotide level. Mutations may change the structure of a chromosome or just cause SNPs.
Ques and Ans: For plants, what is the difference between running and standing water?
Options:
- (A) wind and rain
- (B) precipitation
- (C) distance
- (D) healthier
- (E) seasons
- (F) temperature
- (G) heat produced
- (H) root growth
(D)
Logic for the answer: Running water is better able to dissolve oxygen and nutrients than standing water. To make it rich in nutrients so the plants are healthier. Running water is healthier for plants than standing water.
Ques and Ans: What conserve body heat with their hair or fur?
Options:
- (A) foxes
- (B) snakes
- (C) goats
- (D) whales
- (E) dogs
- (F) cats
- (G) humans
- (H) lizards
(A)
Logic for the answer: Mammals conserve body heat with their hair or fur. Mammals include rabbits, foxes and coyotes. Foxes conserve body heat with their hair or fur.
Ques and Ans: Plants shed their leaves in what season each year?
Options:
- (A) spring season
- (B) wet season
- (C) firing season
- (D) Summer
- (E) When it's cold
- (F) colder weather
- (G) Winter
- (H) dry season
(H)
Logic for the answer: | Plants that shed their leaves seasonally each year are called deciduous plants. Trees here are largely deciduous, shedding their leaves in the dry season. Plants shed their leaves in the dry season each year. | 4 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Most salamanders use their sense of smell to find a mate. Salamanders are a type of amphibian. Some amphibians use their sense of smell to find a mate.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What organism uses their sense of smell to find a mate?
Options:
- (A) fur seals
- (B) bears
- (C) Amphibians
- (D) Fish
- (E) mammals
- (F) Butterflies
- (G) rabbit
- (H) Honey smelling bees*
Logic of a solution: *Cancer genes can be inherited. Genetic diseases are diseases that are inherited. Cancer genes can be genetic.*
*(B)*
The original question: *What can be a disease with genetic traits?
Options:
- (A) Allergies
- (B) cancer
- (C) blood
- (D) flu
- (E) disease cells
- (F) anemia
- (G) Smoking
- (H) illness*
Line 1: *Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. Evolution Evolution means change over time. Mutations are essential for change over time.*
*(H)*
Line 2: *What is essential for change over time?
Options:
- (A) Light
- (B) Chemical energy
- (C) Essential oil.
- (D) evaporation
- (E) Currency.
- (F) Clocks.
- (G) colors
- (H) Mutations.*
Logic of a solution: *Echinoderms lack respiratory and excretory systems. Starfish and sea urchins are also echinoderms. Starfish lack respiratory and excretory systems.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What kind of animal doesn't have a respiratory or excretory system?
Options:
- (A) a fish
- (B) bears
- (C) ant
- (D) whale
- (E) humans
- (F) starfish
- (G) mammals
- (H) llama*
Line 1: *Plants have specialized reproductive organs. Plant reproduction is similar to animal reproduction. Animals have specialized reproductive organs.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What is something that has specialized reproductive organs?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) insects
- (C) Conifers
- (D) burrs
- (E) potatoes
- (F) rabbit
- (G) sharks
- (H) ducks*
Line 1: *Cancer is a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated. And leukemia and lymphoma are forms of cancer. Leukemia is a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated.*
*(E)*
Line 2: | *What is a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated?
Options:
- (A) dangerous
- (B) illness
- (C) Smoking
- (D) Mumps
- (E) Leukemia
- (F) parasites
- (G) Measles
- (H) Diabetes* | 0 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic of a solution: *Petals attract pollinators to the flower. Pollination is by flies, wasps, and bees. Petals attract flies, wasps, and bees to the flower.*
*(A)*
The original question: *In order to attract flies, wasps, and bees, what does a flower employ?
Options:
- (A) petals
- (B) colors
- (C) insects
- (D) camouflage
- (E) Energy
- (F) scentless
- (G) lack of color
- (H) pollen*
Line 1: *Most genes contain the instructions for a single protein. Genes are made of DNA, the substrate of hereditary information. DNA can contain the instructions for a single protein.*
*(D)*
Line 2: *What can dna contain the instructions for?
Options:
- (A) keeps the organism warm
- (B) Something to move
- (C) Plant reproduction
- (D) a single protein
- (E) A computer
- (F) Animal survival
- (G) survival
- (H) an engine*
Logic of a solution: *Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood. Hot flashes are the classic sign of menopause and peri-menopause. Hot flashes can occur when menstruation stops occurring.*
*(F)*
The original question: *What can happen when menstruation stops occurring?
Options:
- (A) Localized damage
- (B) Dehydration
- (C) periods
- (D) diabetes
- (E) massive damage
- (F) hot flashes
- (G) Sulfur dioxide
- (H) epilepsy*
Line 1: *Algae have varied life cycles. Desmids are green algae, members of the Chlorophyta. Desmids have varied life cycles.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What kind of life cycle do desmids have?
Options:
- (A) allow growth
- (B) Leptospirosis
- (C) varied life cycle
- (D) solid, liquid, gas
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) immortal
- (G) fixed life cycle
- (H) static life cycle*
Logic of a solution: *Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Burrows dug by badgers are also important in many areas. Platypus females lay eggs in a dug out area.*
*(G)*
The original question: *How do platypus lay eggs?
Options:
- (A) epidermis and dermis
- (B) on a flat plane
- (C) in a tree
- (D) fur and fat
- (E) during the day
- (F) it keeps an organism warm
- (G) in a dug out area
- (H) in the water*
Logic of a solution: *Fungi spores can develop into new haploid individuals without being fertilized. Haploid cells multiply asexually through mitosis. Fungi spores can multiply through mitosis.*
*(C)*
The original question: | *Fungi spores can multiply through what?
Options:
- (A) natural selection
- (B) trees
- (C) mitosis
- (D) sun's heat
- (E) death
- (F) Conifers
- (G) Deposition
- (H) pregnancy* | 1 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Logic for the Q&A below: Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich soil. Earth stands for soil, dust or ground. Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich earth.
Q: An earthworm is an important
Options:
- (A) allow growth
- (B) cleaner for earth
- (C) Plant reproduction
- (D) more abundant
- (E) parasite
- (F) Something that makes plants green
- (G) predator
- (H) deposit feeder for earth
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Viruses often infect bacteria. Bacteria are normally classified as either 'good' bacteria or 'bad' bacteria. Viruses can infect good and bad types.
Q: How many types can viruses infect?
Options:
- (A) mice
- (B) pigs
- (C) bird
- (D) RNA
- (E) ova
- (F) tiny
- (G) HPV
- (H) Two
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Toads and frogs are both amphibians. Toads have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three chambered heart.
Q: What has a three chambered heart?
Options:
- (A) alpacas
- (B) goats
- (C) elms
- (D) bats
- (E) orchids
- (F) mammals
- (G) a fish
- (H) toads
A: (H)
--
Logic for the Q&A below: Echinoderms have a unique water vascular system with tube feet. Echinoderms have a hydraulic system of locomotion called the water vascular system. Echinoderms have a hydraulic system of locomotion with tube feet.
| Q: How do echinoderms use their feet to locomote themselves?
Options:
- (A) one at a time
- (B) to move people
- (C) running and lifting
- (D) protein channels
- (E) a hydraulic system
- (F) it needs them
- (G) undulations
- (H) It helps them survive
A: (E)
-- | 9 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
Line 1: *Amphibians have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart. Frogs, toads and salamanders are amphibians. Frogs, toads and salamanders have a relatively complex circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.*
*(G)*
Line 2: *What sort of circulatory system do frogs, toads, and salamanders share?
Options:
- (A) live birth
- (B) It helps them survive
- (C) matter vibrating
- (D) two-chambered heart
- (E) Veins and arteries.
- (F) biological diversity
- (G) three-chambered heart
- (H) four-chambered heart*
--
Line 1: *Cancer cells divide more often than normal cells, and grow out of control. Mitosis is a process by which cells divide. Cancer Mitosis is out of control.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *Mitosis is out of control due to what?
Options:
- (A) fire
- (B) infection
- (C) cancer
- (D) viruses
- (E) pathogens
- (F) Winter
- (G) death
- (H) pesticide*
--
Line 1: *Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. Monotremes include the duckbill platypus. Duckbill platypus are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs.*
*(F)*
Line 2: *A duckbill platypus is a mammal that reproduces how?
Options:
- (A) asexually
- (B) during the day
- (C) by cloning
- (D) spread flower seeds
- (E) They have thick fur
- (F) by laying eggs
- (G) with their fur
- (H) swans*
--
Line 1: *Petals attract pollinators to the flower. Petals are great for potpourri or for making rose petal jelly. Something great for potpourri attracts pollinators to the flower.*
*(A)*
Line 2: | *What attracts pollinators to the flower?
Options:
- (A) something great for potpourri
- (B) Something with a head, thorax, and abdomen
- (C) peachleaf willow
- (D) By wind and rain
- (E) photosynthesis.
- (F) Something made from fermented ricce
- (G) Earth revolving around the sun
- (H) at or near the margins*
-- | 2 | CoT | cot_qasc_ii | fs_opt |
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