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In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example input: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example output: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: You speak into the receiver on your phone. Sound waves move parts inside the receiver. Movement causes the magnet inside to produce eletricity. Electricity is transferred through a wire or cable. A membrane in the other persons phone is vibrated by the magnet in their telephone. Sound is produced. They hear you.
A: | Describe how a message travels from one person to another over via telephone | 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example is below.
Q: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
A: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Rationale: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: You start with a glacier. Through warming or other methods a chunk is taken off the glacier. The chunk drifts into the sea. And it settles where it can remain in its state. It is considered an iceberg.
A: | How do icebergs form? | 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Why? The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
New input: Salt water is contained in a factory or plant. The water is boiled to a very high tempature. The salt becomes seperated from the water. The salt is removed. The water is able to be drank at this point.
Solution: | Describe the process of desalination | 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Reason: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this instance: Put water in an ice cube tray. Put the ice cube tray in the freezer. Wait 5 to 6 hours. Take the ice cube tray out of the freezer. Bend the tray slightly to get the ice cubes out and into a drink.
Student: | How do you make ice cubes? | 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[EX Q]: Humans are born as babies. Babies become infants. Infants become children. Children learn skills. Children become teenagers. Teenagers undergo puberty. Teenagers become adults. Adults have children. Adults become elderly. Elderly humans die.
[EX A]: Describe the life cycle of a human
[EX Q]: Warm air from the surface rises into the higher cold air. The water vapor in the air is condensed. The condensed water and dust forms a cloud. Wind in the cloud bounces the water droplets around. The bouncing droplets join together. The bigger droplets get heavy. The heavy droplets fall. As they fall, they join with more moisture in the air. The droplets get larger. Rain falls.
[EX A]: How does rain form?
[EX Q]: An owl leaves his nest. The owl flys out into the night. The owl looks down at the ground. The owls keen eyesight allows him to see in the dark. The owls sensitive hearing allows him to locate hidden prey. The owl swoops down. The owl catches a mouse in his talons.
[EX A]: | How do owls hunt at night?
| 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Blood delivers oxygen in the body. Proteins and acids are broken down in the liver. The liver releases waste in the form of urea. The blood carries the urea and carbon dioxide to the kidneys. The kidneys strain the urea and salts needed from the blood. The carbon dioxide by product is transported back to the lungs. Carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs.
Solution: | How does blood remove waste from the human body? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
Water vapor is in warm air. The warm air cools. The warm air expands. The water vapor in the air condenses. The water vapor forms water droplets or ice crystals.
Answer: | How are clouds formed? | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: Fuels burns in the combustion chamber. The burning fuel creates energy. The upward motion cause air to be released into the cylinder. The piston compresses the air. A spark ignites the fuel and air inside the cylinder. The pressure pushes the piston down. The exhaust valve opens. The piston pushes the air out of the cylinder.
Solution: | Describe how an internal combustion engine works | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: Warm water floats up from the ocean. A pocket of low pressure air is created near the surface of the ocean. Warm air from outside areas pushes into the low pressure area. The warm air keeps rising and forms clouds. The wind is getting fed moisture that evaporates from the ocean. This moisture causes the swirling air and clouds to grow bigger. As it gets bigger the wind rotates faster.
Answer: Describe the process by which hurricanes form.
Question: He air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the blood stream and then exhaled. Your lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange.
Answer: What do lungs do?
Question: Fuels burns in the combustion chamber. The burning fuel creates energy. The upward motion cause air to be released into the cylinder. The piston compresses the air. A spark ignites the fuel and air inside the cylinder. The pressure pushes the piston down. The exhaust valve opens. The piston pushes the air out of the cylinder.
Answer: | Describe how an internal combustion engine works
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: A star burns in space. Eventually it burns all its hydrogen. Becomes a red giant. Once the red giant burns itself out. The core of the star collapses. The gasses will start to disperse. Only the core is left. A white dwarf has been formed.
Solution: | How is a white dwarf star formed? | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Muscles work by expanding and contracting. A muscle fiber gets a signal from its nerve. Proteins and chemicals release energy to either contract the muscle or relax it. When the muscles contracts the bones connected to he muscle are pulled closer together. When the muscle relaxes the bones move farther apart.
Solution: | How do muscles work? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: Rain clouds travel across the sky. Rain clouds are stopped or slowed by mountains or wind. The rain clouds drop the rain. The clouds are no longer raining when or if they reach the other side of the obstacle. On the other side of the mountains or rain, there isn't much rain. The area that receives little rain develops a very different ecosystem. The area that receives little rain becomes a desert.
Answer: How are deserts formed?
Question: Energy builds up in the crust of the earth. The energy causes the fault lines give way. The earth's plates move. The energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions. The seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it.
Answer: What causes an earthquake to occur?
Question: An eagle flys along. The eagle spots a mouse on the ground. The eagle swoops down. Catches the mouse in its talons. The eagle has a meal.
Answer: | How does an eagle get food?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: Rain clouds travel across the sky. Rain clouds are stopped or slowed by mountains or wind. The rain clouds drop the rain. The clouds are no longer raining when or if they reach the other side of the obstacle. On the other side of the mountains or rain, there isn't much rain. The area that receives little rain develops a very different ecosystem. The area that receives little rain becomes a desert.
| Solution: How are deserts formed? | 5 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[EX Q]: You breathe in. Diaphragm and other muscles expand to allow room for your lungs to fill. The air flows into the narrow bronchioles in the lungs. From the bronchioles to the alveoli. The oxygen enters into the bloodstream. Is switched with the carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. The carbon dioxide enters through the alveoli. Through the narrow bronchioles. Into the lungs. The carbon dioxide is exhaled out of the body.
[EX A]: How do lungs work?
[EX Q]: A frog lays eggs in the water. Tadpoles develop inside of the eggs. The eggs hatch. The tadpoles eat and grow. The tadpoles grow legs and form into frogs. The frogs leave the water.
[EX A]: Describe the life cycle of a frog
[EX Q]: Greenhouse gases are released into the air by human activities. The earth changes energy from the sun into heat. Heat rises from the ground. Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere prevent the heat from going into space. The temperature of the earth increases. The temperature continues to rise and melts the polar ice caps. The temperature rises even faster.
[EX A]: | Describe the process of the greenhouse effect
| 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
Bees go out during the day and gather food. Then while gathering of their food, they make wax, which is the building block of their bee hive. Bees make food called honey. They use a sticky, glue-like substance called propolis as a binding to hold their hives together. Bees produce all of the building blocks to build their hive in their own body.
Answer: | How do bees make a hive? | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example is below.
Q: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
A: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Rationale: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: Food enters the mouth. Food mixes with saliva. Food is swallowed. Enzymes in the stomach break down the food. The food moves to the small intestine. Hormones from the pancreas move to the small intestine. The hormones create the amount of sugar in the blood from the food. The sugar in the blood travels to the body. The sugar provides energy for the muscles.
A: | How does eating food result in energy for your muscles? | 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: You wash the wound. You apply a bandaid or other covering if needed. The blood clots. A scab forms. The skin repairs itself under the protective cover of the scab. The scab falls off.
Answer: Describe the steps in how a cut on your hand is treated and heals
Question: A rig drills into the earth where oil is present. A pipe is placed in the hole. A pump is added to the pipe. Oil is pumped out. Oil is placed in barrels. Barrels are loaded on trucks. Trucks go to a refinery. Crude oil is refined to motor oil. Motor oil is bottle. Shipped to gas stations.
Answer: How does oil get from the ground to a gas station?
Question: Food enters the mouth. Food mixes with saliva. Food is swallowed. Enzymes in the stomach break down the food. The food moves to the small intestine. Hormones from the pancreas move to the small intestine. The hormones create the amount of sugar in the blood from the food. The sugar in the blood travels to the body. The sugar provides energy for the muscles.
Answer: | How does eating food result in energy for your muscles?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Input: Consider Input: You breathe in. Diaphragm and other muscles expand to allow room for your lungs to fill. The air flows into the narrow bronchioles in the lungs. From the bronchioles to the alveoli. The oxygen enters into the bloodstream. Is switched with the carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. The carbon dioxide enters through the alveoli. Through the narrow bronchioles. Into the lungs. The carbon dioxide is exhaled out of the body.
Output: How do lungs work?
Input: Consider Input: The planter must select a crop. The soil is prepared properly for that specific crop. Fertilizer is added to the soil. Seeds are planted in the field. Irrigation is set up to keep the crops properly watered. The crops grow. The crops are harvested.
Output: Describe the process of planting crops.
Input: Consider Input: Chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen are released into the air. These substances rise into the high atmosphere. They react with water and oxygen. This creates a more acidic rain. The rain with the high acid content falls.
| Output: How does acid rain form?
| 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: There is a lot of rain. Water levels of a river or lake get higher. Water builds up on the ground. Water covers streets. Water goes into houses. The rain or other source of water stops. Water flows into streams. The rest of the water evaporates.
Solution: | What happens during a flood? | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example input: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example output: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: They take in fluids and liquids. They process the fluid. They take out the toxins. Produce urine. Urine is released. The nutrients are returned to the body.
A: | Describe what kidneys do | 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Input: Consider Input: Get the ice tray. Remove any ice cubes currently in the tray. Fill the tray with cold water. Ensure the tray is evenly filled to an appropriate level. Open the freezer. Place the tray in the freezer. Close the freezer door. Wait.
Output: How do you make ice cubes?
Input: Consider Input: Warm, moist air moves from south to north. Cool, dry air moves from north to south. The air masses meet. The conditions that form are not stable because the air masses are so different. Winds are directed in a certain way because of how the masses interact. An updraft results. Winds start to form circular patterns in the updraft. A tornado can result.
Output: How do tornadoes form?
Input: Consider Input: Dissolution of limestone forms caves. Rain gets carbon dioxide from the air. When rain goes into soil it creates an acid. The acid dissolves the limestone along cracks. Some will dissolve enough to form caves.
| Output: How do caves form?
| 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Reason: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this instance: Tectonic plates smash together. The edges of the plates crumple up. The ridges are mountain ranges. Magma is forced to the surface. Magma forms a volcano.
Student: | How are mountains formed? | 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[Q]: A plant of animal dies in a watery environment. Is buried in mud and silt. Soft tissues quickly decompose leaving behind hard bones or shells. Over time sediment builds over the top and hardens into rock. As the bone decays mineral seeps in replacing it. Fossils are formed.
[A]: How are fossils formed?
[Q]: Several types of gases form in the atmosphere. May come from different sources. The gases remain trapped in the atmosphere. Through the suns light the gases hold in heat and energy. Trap them in our atmosphere. The earth may become warmer this way.
[A]: Describe the process of the greenhouse effect
[Q]: Human beings burn fossil fuels (oil, gas, etc.). Carbon dioxide from the burning fossil fuels enter the atmosphere. The make-up of the atmosphere changes. Some energy from the sun cannot escape back through the changed atmosphere. The earth begins to heat because of the extra trapped energy. Human beings cut down trees. Human beings do not re-plant the trees. Trees cannot help take the extra carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The extra trapped energy starts to change the earth's short term weather. Eventually the long-term climate patterns start to change.
[A]: | Describe the process of global warming
| 5 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
question:
Bees land on flowers and eat the nectar of the plants. While on the flowers pollen gets on the bee's fur. The bee flies to another area with other flowers. The pollen is deposited in that area. A plant is able to reproduce.
answer:
How do bees pollinate plants?
question:
Acid rain makes waters acidic. Causes them to absorb aluminum from soil. The water runs off from the soil into lakes, streams, etc. Fish and their eggs die. Frogs and plants die. Insects and other wildlife die. The ecosystem is out of balance, causing further problems.
answer:
Describe how acid rain can affect the environment.
question:
Fuel produces heat. Water is boiled to make steam. Steam spins turbine. Generator is turned. Makes electricity. Electricity transfers to transformers. Produces the correct voltage.
answer:
| How does a nuclear-powered power station generate electricity?
| 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Ex Input:
Electricity enters the computer. Some electricity becomes light. Some light becomes heat when it hits something. Some electricity becomes motion in a hard drive, dvd drive or fan. Motion energy also becomes heat.
Ex Output:
Describe the energy transformations in a computer
Ex Input:
Coal is burned at a furnace. The resulting heat energy is used to heat water. The heated water is turned into steam. The steam drives a generator. Electricity is produced.
Ex Output:
How does a coal-powered power station generate electricity?
Ex Input:
Fault lines appear underground. The fault lines grow over time. The rocks on each side of the fault lines rub against the rocks on the other side of the fault line. The rocks put pressure on each other. The rocks break from the pressure. The breaking of the rocks releases a lot of energy. The energy causes seismic waves. The seismic waves make the earth shake.
Ex Output:
| How do earthquakes occur?
| 1 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
Your body accomplishes "rapid hemostasis" (stops the bleeding) through a process called vasoconstriction, in which your blood vessels are closed tight. Inflammation is your body's way of alerting you of an injury. Proliferation and migration is when cells move in a certain orderto been to heel and to further contract blood vessels. and. The body then begins the process of rebuilding tissue and is called angiogenesis. It's time to begin regrowing damaged skin which is called reepithelialization. Synthesis often happens almost simultaneously as it form blood clots. Synthesis helps further prevent bleeding as new skin and veins are formed.
Answer: | Describe the steps in how a cut on your hand is treated and heals | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Ex Input:
Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air. Rainwater goes into soil. Water with carbon dioxide percolates through soil. The water becomes a weak acid. The water dissolves limestone. Caves form where the limestone was dissolved.
Ex Output:
How do caves form?
Ex Input:
Add dirty laundry to the washing machine. Add laundry detergent to the washing machine. Select the setting for the load of laundry. Close the door of the washing machine. Turn on the washing machine.
Ex Output:
How do you use a washing machine?
Ex Input:
Warm air from the surface rises into the higher cold air. The water vapor in the air is condensed. The condensed water and dust forms a cloud. Wind in the cloud bounces the water droplets around. The bouncing droplets join together. The bigger droplets get heavy. The heavy droplets fall. As they fall, they join with more moisture in the air. The droplets get larger. Rain falls.
Ex Output:
| How does rain form?
| 1 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: A seed or seeds planted into the ground. The seed becomes a seedling and grows with water. The sun. The seedling grows into a mature plant. Becomes a flower.
Solution: | Describe the life cycle of a plant | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Let me give you an example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
The answer to this example can be: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Here is why: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
OK. solve this:
Plants start growing on or near the rocks. The roots of the growing plants start to break up the rock. The plant acids dissolve the rock. The rock is broken down into smaller pieces. Erosion begins.
Answer: | How does weathering cause rocks to break apart? | 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air. Rainwater goes into soil. Water with carbon dioxide percolates through soil. The water becomes a weak acid. The water dissolves limestone. Caves form where the limestone was dissolved.
How do caves form?
The bat sends out sound waves from their mouth or nose. The sound waves hit an object. Echoes are produced. The echo returns to the bat's ears. The bat hears the echo. The bat can figure out where the object is located.
How do bats use echolocation?
Plants start growing on or near the rocks. The roots of the growing plants start to break up the rock. The plant acids dissolve the rock. The rock is broken down into smaller pieces. Erosion begins.
| How does weathering cause rocks to break apart?
| 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: Bees find a place for the hive, such as a rock crevice or tree branch. Bees gather nectar from flowers. The bees evaporate the nectar by passing it back and forth to each other. The evaporation turns the nectar into sugary honey. The bees chew the honey until it turns into moldable wax. The bees mold the wax into hexagonal (six sided) cylinders. Thousands of these hexagonal cylinders put together form the hive.
| Solution: How do bees make a hive? | 5 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: Sediment becomes loose from the rest of the soil. The sediment rolls down hill towards a river. The heavy items sink to the bottom. The lighter items float on the top and in convection cycles. As the river flows the sediment is moved. The sediment gets dumped through tributaries into lakes and the ocean. The sediment keeps moving around the world in convection currents.
Answer: How is sediment transported across the Earth?
Question: Bees land on flowers and eat the nectar of the plants. While on the flowers pollen gets on the bee's fur. The bee flies to another area with other flowers. The pollen is deposited in that area. A plant is able to reproduce.
Answer: How do bees pollinate plants?
Question: Techtonic plates in the earths crust move. Movement creates fissures. Upheavals in the crust. Fissures allow lava to erupt into volcanoes at the surface. Volcanoes erupt, accumulating lava, forming mountains. Upheavals in the crust become their own mountains.
Answer: | How do mountains form?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
PROBLEM: Magma cools inside the crust. Magma crystalizes. Lava cools on the surface. Lava crystalizes. Minerals dissolved in water crystlize.
SOLUTION: How do minerals form?
PROBLEM: Water comes through a filter. The filter has small pores to catch pollutants. The filter will catch chlorine, heavy metals, and other chemicals. The filter allows water and mineral ions like fluoride to pass through. The water on the other side of the filter is much cleaner.
SOLUTION: How does a water purifier work?
PROBLEM: Warm, moist air moves from south to north. Cool, dry air moves from north to south. The air masses meet. The conditions that form are not stable because the air masses are so different. Winds are directed in a certain way because of how the masses interact. An updraft results. Winds start to form circular patterns in the updraft. A tornado can result.
SOLUTION: | How do tornadoes form?
| 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: Movements of tectonic plates causes the creation of volcanoes. These volcanoes erupt. Volcanic mountains are formed from the eruption. Sometimes tectonic plates crash into one another or ride over one another. These plates sometimes fold and buckle, which forms Fold Mountains. Sometimes fault blocks are raised or tilted, and they form Block Mountains.
Answer: How are mountains formed?
Question: You breathe in. Diaphragm and other muscles expand to allow room for your lungs to fill. The air flows into the narrow bronchioles in the lungs. From the bronchioles to the alveoli. The oxygen enters into the bloodstream. Is switched with the carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. The carbon dioxide enters through the alveoli. Through the narrow bronchioles. Into the lungs. The carbon dioxide is exhaled out of the body.
Answer: How do lungs work?
Question: Gases cause pressure beneath the earth. The gases come to a head and push molten magma to the surface. The magma cools. With enough time the pressure builds up greatly. The resulting volcano may explode.
Answer: | What causs a volcano to erupt?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example is below.
Q: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
A: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Rationale: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: Fans blow air onto the evaporator's coils. The refrigerant within the coils absorbs the heat. The refrigerant changes from a liquid to a gas. The compressor compresses the gas, increasing the pressure. The hot, pressurized gas moves to the condenser. The gas condenses in the condenser and becomes a liquid again. Heat is radiated away from the condenser. The cooled liquid is returned to the evaporator.
A: | How does an air conditioner work? | 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: A fuel is heated in an oven. Above the oven is a tank of water that is sealed. The tank of water begins to boil above the oven. A the water boils steam is created. The steam is denser than air so it needs a place to go. The steam is forced out of the tank and into a piston. The piston moves up. The valve of the piston closes. The valve on the next piston opens. The steam fills the next piston, driving it up, and the other one down.
Answer: How does a steam engine work?
Question: Body temperature rises. The brain tells blood vessels to dilate. The sweat glands become active. Moisture is released from the pores. The moisture evaporates. The evaporation causes cooling.
Answer: Describe the process of perspiration
Question: People breathe and expel carbon dioxide. Engines produce carbon dioxide. Living things produce waste. Waste decomposes. Decomposition produces methane. Water evaporates. Water vapor joins the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane are greenhouse gases.
Answer: | How do greenhouse gases form?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
The cornea and lens refract light into a small image. Shine it on the retina. The retina's rods and cones convert it to electrical pulses. The optic nerve carries electrical pulses through the optic canal. Nerve fibers end in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex.
Answer: | How does the human vision system work? | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: Humans are born as babies. Babies become infants. Infants become children. Children learn skills. Children become teenagers. Teenagers undergo puberty. Teenagers become adults. Adults have children. Adults become elderly. Elderly humans die.
Answer: Describe the life cycle of a human
Question: Batteries are put in a flashlight. The flashlight is turned on. Two contact strips touch one another. A circuit is completed between the batteries and the lamp. The lamp in the flashlight begins to glow. The reflector in the flashlight directs the lamp's beam. A straight beam of light is generated. The flashlight is turned off. The circuit is broken. The beam is no longer visible.
Answer: Describe how a flashlight works
Question: Warm water rises off the seas. The water condenses as it cools and gets higher in the air. Then the condensation forms into clouds. The clouds travel over areas on land. The clouds reach a saturation point. The rain falls from the clouds.
Answer: | How does rain occur?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Input: Consider Input: The flu virus has receptors, which are like viral Velcro, on the surface of the virus particle. The receptors will lock onto a target cell using these chemical receptors on the surface, which docks onto the cell surface. The receptors then go into the cell. The receptors use it like a factory. The receptors take it over and make it produce thousands or in some cases millions of copies of new viruses. The copies come streaming out of the cell. The copies infect other cells to make more viruses, or they escape from the body and infect a new victim.
Output: How does a virus cause disease?
Input: Consider Input: Water flows by rocks. Chemicals are in the waters. Chemicals react with rocks. Rocks change to a different kind of rock. Oxygen in the air reacts with rocks. Rocks change to a different kind of rock.
Output: What happens during chemical weathering?
Input: Consider Input: A seed is in soil. The seed germinates. The plant grows roots. The plant grows out of the ground. The plant gets bigger. The plant flowers. The flower produces fruit. The fruit releases seeds. The plant dies.
| Output: Describe the life cycle of a plant.
| 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Over 99% of the exocrine pancreas cells produce digestive juices. They secrete digestive juice "externally" into the small intestine. There are enzymes for breaking down fats, proteins , and carbohydrates. Digestive juices flows from the pancreas through an excretory duct into the small intestine. When the blood sugar levels rise, as they might after a meal, insulin is released. When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon into the bloodstream.
Solution: | Describe how the pancreas works | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[EX Q]: The cornea and lens refract light into a small image. Shine it on the retina. The retina's rods and cones convert it to electrical pulses. The optic nerve carries electrical pulses through the optic canal. Nerve fibers end in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex.
[EX A]: How does the human vision system work?
[EX Q]: The coffee pot is filled with water. Water is poured into the well of the machine. A filter is placed in the basket. Ground coffee is measured into the filter. Turning on the machine starts the water heating. The hot water rises up. The water drops into the ground coffee. The hot water passes through the grounds. The coffee drips into the pot from the basket.
[EX A]: Describe the typical steps in making coffee.
[EX Q]: Pressure happens underground. Tectonic plates underground pull and stretch. Small cracks are formed in the earth's crust. The tectonic plates push hard against each other. Some parts of the earth's crust move up high above the ground.
[EX A]: | How do mountains form?
| 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Solution caves are formed in limestone and similar rocks by the action of water. After a rain, water seeps into cracks and pores of soil and rock. The water percolates beneath the land surface. Some of the water reaches a zone where all the cracks and pores in the rock are already filled with water. Rainwater absorbs some carbon dioxide as it passes through the atmosphere and even more as it drains through soil and decaying vegetation. The water combines chemically with the carbon dioxide. A weak carbonic acid solution is formed. This acid slowly dissolves calcite, forms solution cavities, and excavates passageways.
Solution: | Describe the process of desalination | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
Water flows by rocks. Chemicals are in the waters. Chemicals react with rocks. Rocks change to a different kind of rock. Oxygen in the air reacts with rocks. Rocks change to a different kind of rock.
Answer: | What happens during chemical weathering? | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Q: Stars burn mass. The star burns until it runs out of fuel. The star can no longer support its weight. The layers of hydrogen press down on the core. The core gets smaller and smaller under the pressure. The pressure causes gravity to get stronger. The gravity becomes so powerful that nothing can escape it. Anything that gets close to it, is drawn into it by its gravity. Light is drawn into it. Light can not escape.
A: How is a black hole formed?
****
Q: The flu virus has receptors, which are like viral Velcro, on the surface of the virus particle. The receptors will lock onto a target cell using these chemical receptors on the surface, which docks onto the cell surface. The receptors then go into the cell. The receptors use it like a factory. The receptors take it over and make it produce thousands or in some cases millions of copies of new viruses. The copies come streaming out of the cell. The copies infect other cells to make more viruses, or they escape from the body and infect a new victim.
A: How does a virus cause disease?
****
Q: Forest fires burn forests. The animals living in the forest have fewer places to hide. Predators can now find their prey eaiser. Birds will fly away from the area. Waters warm up which hurts the fish swimming in them.
A: | Describe how forest fires can negatively affect animals
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
PROBLEM: You breathe in. Air goes through all the little branches in your lungs to fill up the air sacs, or alveoli. Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries. The oxygen goes into the bloodstream. Oxygen is left and carbon dioxide is picked up. You breathe it out through your lungs.
SOLUTION: How do the lungs work?
PROBLEM: You start with a glacier. Through warming or other methods a chunk is taken off the glacier. The chunk drifts into the sea. And it settles where it can remain in its state. It is considered an iceberg.
SOLUTION: How do icebergs form?
PROBLEM: A nuclear reactor generates heat by nuclear fission. The heat created raises steam. The steam runs through turbines. The turbines generate electricity. The electricity leaves the station.
SOLUTION: | How does a nuclear-powered power station generate electricity?
| 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Ex Input:
Water gets caught in winds that are moving upward. The water freezes. The water starts to fall. The winds are strong enough from keeping it from falling back to earth. This pattern of rising and falling continues. The hail becomes too large to be pushed up by the wind. The hail finally falls to the ground.
Ex Output:
How does hail form?
Ex Input:
A plant or animal dies in mud or soil. The bones are all that remains. Over time the bones are covered in sediment. The sediment becomes rock. The rock becomes a fossil.
Ex Output:
How are fossils formed?
Ex Input:
A seed germinates. It grows into a plant. The mature plant produces flowers. The flowers become fertilized. Produce seeds in a fruit or seedpod. The plant dies. The new seeds germinate to form a new plant.
Ex Output:
| Describe the life cycle of a plant
| 1 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: A fuel is heated in an oven. Above the oven is a tank of water that is sealed. The tank of water begins to boil above the oven. A the water boils steam is created. The steam is denser than air so it needs a place to go. The steam is forced out of the tank and into a piston. The piston moves up. The valve of the piston closes. The valve on the next piston opens. The steam fills the next piston, driving it up, and the other one down.
Solution: | How does a steam engine work? | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example Input: Chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen are released into the air. These substances rise into the high atmosphere. They react with water and oxygen. This creates a more acidic rain. The rain with the high acid content falls.
Example Output: How does acid rain form?
Example Input: Items are collected. The items are sorted. Trash is removed from everything else. Goes to a landfill. The items go into a baler machine for each kind of material. They come out as bales. The bales are shipped to manufacturers to use to make products.
Example Output: How does recycling work?
Example Input: A fuel is heated in an oven. Above the oven is a tank of water that is sealed. The tank of water begins to boil above the oven. A the water boils steam is created. The steam is denser than air so it needs a place to go. The steam is forced out of the tank and into a piston. The piston moves up. The valve of the piston closes. The valve on the next piston opens. The steam fills the next piston, driving it up, and the other one down.
Example Output: | How does a steam engine work?
| 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example Input: Greenhouse gases are released into the air by human activities. The earth changes energy from the sun into heat. Heat rises from the ground. Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere prevent the heat from going into space. The temperature of the earth increases. The temperature continues to rise and melts the polar ice caps. The temperature rises even faster.
Example Output: Describe the process of the greenhouse effect
Example Input: The moon orbits the earth. The earth orbits the sun. The moon comes between the sun and the earth. The sun is totally blocked. A solar eclipse is occurring.
Example Output: How do solar eclipses occur?
Example Input: A butterfly lays an egg. A larvae matures inside of the egg. The caterpillar hatches from the egg. The caterpillar eats and grows. The caterpillar spins a coccoon around itself and forms into a pupa. The butterfly forms inside of the coccoon. The mature butterfly emerges from the coccoon. The butterfly mates. The female butterfly lays eggs.
Example Output: | Describe the lifecycle of a butterfly
| 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example input: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example output: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: Body temperature rises. The brain tells blood vessels to dilate. The sweat glands become active. Moisture is released from the pores. The moisture evaporates. The evaporation causes cooling.
A: | Describe the process of perspiration | 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
PROBLEM: Food enters the mouth. Food mixes with saliva. Food is swallowed. Enzymes in the stomach break down the food. The food moves to the small intestine. Hormones from the pancreas move to the small intestine. The hormones create the amount of sugar in the blood from the food. The sugar in the blood travels to the body. The sugar provides energy for the muscles.
SOLUTION: How does eating food result in energy for your muscles?
PROBLEM: MRNA is made during the first step of protein synthesis, which is transcription. The DNA's genetic information, or secret code, gets written onto a strand of mRNA. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. The next step in making a protein is called translation. The mRNA attaches itself to the ribosome. Read more at: http://www.ducksters.com/science/biology/proteins_and_amino_acids.php This text is Copyright Ducksters. Do not use without permission. The ribosome figures out where to start on the mRNA by finding a special three letter "begin" sequence called a codon. The ribosome then moves down the strand of mRNA. When the ribosome sees the "stop" code, it ends the translation and the protein is complete.
SOLUTION: How are proteins synthesized in a cell?
PROBLEM: Body temperature rises. The brain tells blood vessels to dilate. The sweat glands become active. Moisture is released from the pores. The moisture evaporates. The evaporation causes cooling.
SOLUTION: | Describe the process of perspiration
| 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example is below.
Q: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
A: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Rationale: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: He air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. Your bloodstream then carries this waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the blood stream and then exhaled. Your lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange.
A: | What do lungs do? | 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[EX Q]: A sperm and egg meet inside a woman's fallopian tube. The fertilized egg, now a zygote, travels to the uterus. The zygote implants in the uterus. The zygote becomes an embryo. The embryo becomes a fetus. The fetus grows for approximately 9 months. The woman gives birth to a baby. The baby grows into a child. The child becomes an adult. The adult mates with another adult.
[EX A]: Describe the life cycle of a human
[EX Q]: Water vapor is in warm air. The warm air cools. The warm air expands. The water vapor in the air condenses. The water vapor forms water droplets or ice crystals.
[EX A]: How are clouds formed?
[EX Q]: Waste builds up in the blood. Blood enters the kidney. Blood passes through nephrons in the kidney. Different kinds of waste are momentarily trapped in the kidney. Cleaned blood flows out of the kidney. Filtered waste accumulates in liquid form (urine). Urine flows out of the kidney into the bladder.
[EX A]: | Describe what kidneys do
| 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Let me give you an example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
The answer to this example can be: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Here is why: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
OK. solve this:
Water comes into contact with something made of iron. The water combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form carbonic acid. As the acid is formed, the iron starts to dissolve. Some of the water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond together. They form iron oxide, which is rust.
Answer: | How does rust form? | 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: There is a fetus in the womb. They are born and are a baby. The baby grows into a child. Puberty turns the child into an adolescent. The adolescent becomes an adult. An adult becomes an elderly person. The elderly person dies.
Solution: | Describe the life cycle of a human | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
PROBLEM: Forest fires burn forests. The animals living in the forest have fewer places to hide. Predators can now find their prey eaiser. Birds will fly away from the area. Waters warm up which hurts the fish swimming in them.
SOLUTION: Describe how forest fires can negatively affect animals
PROBLEM: Trash is placed into a garbage container in the house. The trash is moved to a centralized container for the house. Trash is picked up by a sanitation company. The trash is combined in a large truck with trash from all around the city. The truck goes to the landfill. The truck dumps the trash into the landfill.
SOLUTION: Describe how trash travels from the house to the landfill
PROBLEM: There is a fetus in the womb. They are born and are a baby. The baby grows into a child. Puberty turns the child into an adolescent. The adolescent becomes an adult. An adult becomes an elderly person. The elderly person dies.
SOLUTION: | Describe the life cycle of a human
| 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: You inhale air through your nose and mouth. The air travels down into your lungs. Oxygen from the air goes into your bloodstream. Oxygen circulates throughout the body due to the heart's pumping. Carbon dioxide travels from the blood into the lungs. Carbon dioxide travels from the lungs up the windpipe. Carbon dioxide is exhaled.
| Solution: Describe the process of breathing. | 5 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: A plant or animal dies in mud or soil. The bones are all that remains. Over time the bones are covered in sediment. The sediment becomes rock. The rock becomes a fossil.
Solution: | How are fossils formed? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Warm water rises off the seas. The water condenses as it cools and gets higher in the air. Then the condensation forms into clouds. The clouds travel over areas on land. The clouds reach a saturation point. The rain falls from the clouds.
How does rain occur?
A butterfly lays an egg. A larvae matures inside of the egg. The caterpillar hatches from the egg. The caterpillar eats and grows. The caterpillar spins a coccoon around itself and forms into a pupa. The butterfly forms inside of the coccoon. The mature butterfly emerges from the coccoon. The butterfly mates. The female butterfly lays eggs.
Describe the lifecycle of a butterfly
A plant or animal dies in mud or soil. The bones are all that remains. Over time the bones are covered in sediment. The sediment becomes rock. The rock becomes a fossil.
| How are fossils formed?
| 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[Q]: Water seeps into rocks. The water freezes and thaws. Cracks form in the rocks. Cracks also form when rocks heat up. The rocks slowly break down.
[A]: What happens during weathering?
[Q]: Waters flows downwards thanks to gravity. Enters the dam at high pressure. The moving water spins the turbines in the power plant. The turbines turn the generators. The generators spin, and produce electricity. The water leaves the dam at the bottom.
[A]: How is hydroelectric electricity generated?
[Q]: Light enters the eyes. The lens focuses light through the vitreous humor. The cornea focuses through the eye's internal lens. The retina receives the image. The retina transforms this image into electrical impulses. The impulses travel along the optic nerve to the brain. The brain decodes the impuses.
[A]: | How does the human vision system work?
| 5 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example Input: You take some paper. The writing tools. You write a message describing what's on your mind. You put the letter into an envelope. You take the letter to the post office. Send it to its recipient.
Example Output: Describe the process of writing and posting a letter
Example Input: Magma rises through surrounding rock. Gas bubbles form and expand, causing lots of pressure. This pressure pushes the magma through weak spots in the earth's surface,. Magma flows out as lava. This can happen slowly or in a huge explosion.
Example Output: What happens during a vocanic eruption?
Example Input: Air is brought in through the mouth. Passes through the lungs. And into the bronchial tissue. The carbon dioxide is removed. The lungs bring the oxygen to the rest of the body.
Example Output: | How do the lungs work?
| 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[EX Q]: Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomates. Water is absorbed by the plant and transported to the leaves. Sunlight is captured by the plant. Energy in the form of ATP is made from the sun's energy. Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP form sugars via the Calvin cycle. Oxygen is given off as a byproduct. Oxygen leaves the leaf through the stomates. Water is reused or it leaves the leaf. The sugars can be used by the plant to make cellulose.
[EX A]: What happens during photosynthesis?
[EX Q]: Water in the clouds becomes very cold. The cold water forms ice crystals. The ice crystals grow by absorbing surrounding water droplets. Form snowflakes. The snowflakes fall to the ground.
[EX A]: How does snow form?
[EX Q]: Magma cools inside the crust. Magma crystalizes. Lava cools on the surface. Lava crystalizes. Minerals dissolved in water crystlize.
[EX A]: | How do minerals form?
| 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Reason: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this instance: Coal is crushed. The coal is burned at high temperatures inside a boiler. The heat generated converts water to steam. The steam spins propeller blades in the turbine. The spinning turbine rotates coils in the generator. The rotating coils produce electricity. The electricity can be sent through the power grid.
Student: | How does a coal-powered power station generate electricity? | 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: Water comes through a filter. The filter has small pores to catch pollutants. The filter will catch chlorine, heavy metals, and other chemicals. The filter allows water and mineral ions like fluoride to pass through. The water on the other side of the filter is much cleaner.
Solution: | How does a water purifier work? | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air. Rainwater goes into soil. Water with carbon dioxide percolates through soil. The water becomes a weak acid. The water dissolves limestone. Caves form where the limestone was dissolved.
Solution: | How do caves form? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Ex Input:
You breathe in through your nose or mouth. The air travels through your windpipe. Into your lungs. Inside your lungs are tiny air sacs. The air sacs transfer the oxygen into your blood. The oxygen travels through your blood stream. The carbon dioxide from your blood stream is transferred to your air sacs. You breathe out and expel the carbon dioxide from your lungs.
Ex Output:
Describe the process of breathing.
Ex Input:
A man and woman mate. Embryo is C. Embryo grows and develops into a fetus inside the woman's womb. The fetus is born. Begins to grow and develop through infancy and childhood. In the teenage years the human experiences puberty. Reaches sexual maturity. At 18 the human becomes an adult. Adult may procreate continuing the cycle.
Ex Output:
Describe the life cycle of a human
Ex Input:
Rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air. Rainwater goes into soil. Water with carbon dioxide percolates through soil. The water becomes a weak acid. The water dissolves limestone. Caves form where the limestone was dissolved.
Ex Output:
| How do caves form?
| 1 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
--------
Question: You breathe in. Air goes through all the little branches in your lungs to fill up the air sacs, or alveoli. Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries. The oxygen goes into the bloodstream. Oxygen is left and carbon dioxide is picked up. You breathe it out through your lungs.
Answer: How do the lungs work?
Question: Light enters the eyes. The lens focuses light through the vitreous humor. The cornea focuses through the eye's internal lens. The retina receives the image. The retina transforms this image into electrical impulses. The impulses travel along the optic nerve to the brain. The brain decodes the impuses.
Answer: How does the human vision system work?
Question: A reservoir is formed. The collects water converting the water's from kinectic to potential. The water is forced through a turbine under the reservoir. The turbine spins and so does the generator connected to it. The water's energy is turned into electrical energy. The transformer converts electrical energy from the generator to a high voltage. The national grid uses high voltages to transmit electricity through the power lines.
Answer: | How is hydroelectric electricity generated?
| 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Begin the party. Partake in activities. Bring out the cake. Sing "Happy Birthday!". Blow out the candles. Eat the cake. Open the presents.
Describe the typical steps in a kid's birthday party.
Air rises. Rising air cools. Water vapor forms. Water vapor condenses. Clouds form.
How are clouds formed?
Blood delivers oxygen in the body. Proteins and acids are broken down in the liver. The liver releases waste in the form of urea. The blood carries the urea and carbon dioxide to the kidneys. The kidneys strain the urea and salts needed from the blood. The carbon dioxide by product is transported back to the lungs. Carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs.
| How does blood remove waste from the human body?
| 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Input: Consider Input: Chemical reactions break down the bonds holding the rocks together. The rocks fall apart. They form smaller and smaller pieces. Oxidation takes place when oxygen combines with other elements in rocks. They form new types of rocks. The new substance is softer. Carbonation takes place when carbon dioxide reactions with certain types of rocks. A solution is formed that can easily be carried away by water.
Output: What happens during chemical weathering?
Input: Consider Input: Coal is burned in a boiler. Steam is produced under pressure. Flows into a turbine. The turbine spins. Creates electricity.
Output: How does a coal-fired power plant work?
Input: Consider Input: Grass and small plants grow in an area. These plants die. The soil gains organic material. The soil becomes more fertile. Larger plants are able to be supported. Trees eventually grow.
| Output: How do forests form?
| 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
You breathe in through your nose or mouth. The air travels through your windpipe. Into your lungs. Inside your lungs are tiny air sacs. The air sacs transfer the oxygen into your blood. The oxygen travels through your blood stream. The carbon dioxide from your blood stream is transferred to your air sacs. You breathe out and expel the carbon dioxide from your lungs.
Describe the process of breathing.
Magma cools inside the crust. Magma crystalizes. Lava cools on the surface. Lava crystalizes. Minerals dissolved in water crystlize.
How do minerals form?
Someone is infected with bacteria. That bacteria begins to grow and reproduce inside the cells. The dividing bacteria begin to make toxins. Those toxins damage your cells. Disease symptoms may begin.
| Describe how bacteria can cause disease.
| 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Let me give you an example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
The answer to this example can be: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Here is why: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
OK. solve this:
Snow falls in an area for a very long time. The snow builds up for a very long time. The snow starts to become packed very firmly. The snow becomes something that's more like ice. Air pockets in the mass continue to grow smaller. The mass becomes solid and heavy enough to be called a glacier. The glacier moves because of gravity.
Answer: | How do glaciers form and move? | 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
question:
EGG. ITS LAID ON A LEAF OR PLANT. THE EGG HATCHES. THE LARVA COMES OUT(CATERPILLAR). IT BEGINS TO EAT ON THE LEAF THAT IS WAS BORN ON. CONTINUES TO EAT TO GROW QUICKLY. AFTER ITS GROWN TO FULL LENGHT IT FORMS INTO A PUPA. UNDERGOES METAMORPHOSIS TO BECOME BUTTERFLY. AFTER HE BUTTERFLY IS FOMED IT PUMPS BLOOD INTO ITS WINGS TO GAIN STRENGHT TO BE ABLE TO FLY. TH EBUTTERLFY IS FIANLLY ABLE TO FLY AWAY.
answer:
Describe the lifecycle of a butterfly
question:
Someone is infected with bacteria. That bacteria begins to grow and reproduce inside the cells. The dividing bacteria begin to make toxins. Those toxins damage your cells. Disease symptoms may begin.
answer:
Describe how bacteria can cause disease.
question:
Trash is put into a household trashbag. The trashbags are thrown into a large outdoor trashcan. The trashcan is emptied by a large trash truck. The trash truck travels to the landfill. Unloads all the trash the truck has collected.
answer:
| Describe how trash travels from the house to the landfill
| 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Bees land on flowers and eat the nectar of the plants. While on the flowers pollen gets on the bee's fur. The bee flies to another area with other flowers. The pollen is deposited in that area. A plant is able to reproduce.
Solution: | How do bees pollinate plants? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: A plant dies. The remains of the plant are buried very fast in sediment. The soft parts of the plant decay. The hard parts of the plant are replaced with minerals. The sediment turns into rock. The rock erodes. The fossil appears on the surface of the ground.
Solution: | Describe the process of fossilization | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
A plant or animal dies in mud or soil. The bones are all that remains. Over time the bones are covered in sediment. The sediment becomes rock. The rock becomes a fossil.
How are fossils formed?
Greenhouse gases are released into the air by human activities. The earth changes energy from the sun into heat. Heat rises from the ground. Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere prevent the heat from going into space. The temperature of the earth increases. The temperature continues to rise and melts the polar ice caps. The temperature rises even faster.
Describe the process of the greenhouse effect
Water vapor is in warm air. The warm air cools. The warm air expands. The water vapor in the air condenses. The water vapor forms water droplets or ice crystals.
| How are clouds formed?
| 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Input: Consider Input: During evaporation the sun heats up water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam. The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into the air. Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds, which is called condensation. Precipitation occurs when so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore. Water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow. When water ends up on land, it will either soak into the earth and become part of the "ground water" for animals or plants to drink. It may also run into the oceans, lakes, or rivers where the cycle starts again.
Output: Describe the process of precipitation
Input: Consider Input: Water comes through a filter. The filter has small pores to catch pollutants. The filter will catch chlorine, heavy metals, and other chemicals. The filter allows water and mineral ions like fluoride to pass through. The water on the other side of the filter is much cleaner.
Output: How does a water purifier work?
Input: Consider Input: A star burns in space. Eventually it burns all its hydrogen. Becomes a red giant. Once the red giant burns itself out. The core of the star collapses. The gasses will start to disperse. Only the core is left. A white dwarf has been formed.
| Output: How is a white dwarf star formed?
| 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Q: One goes to a wilderness area. One sets up a tent. One puts their clothes, sleeping bag, etc. into the tent. One gathers firewood. One builds a fire for warmth, cooking, etc.
A: Describe the typical steps involved in camping.
****
Q: There is a fetus in the womb. They are born and are a baby. The baby grows into a child. Puberty turns the child into an adolescent. The adolescent becomes an adult. An adult becomes an elderly person. The elderly person dies.
A: Describe the life cycle of a human
****
Q: An egg is laid by a mother bird. A baby bird forms within the egg if it is fertilized. The baby bird begins pecking out of the egg. The baby bird is unable to fly to get food. The mother bird must feed the baby bird food. The bird grows stronger and grows wings. The bird is able to fly. The bird is able to leave the nest and find food. The bird is able to reproduce.
A: | Describe the life cycle of a bird
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Minerals fill spaces between bits of sediment. The sediments become glued together. The glued together parts become hard like cement. The sediment becomes a big rock. The rocks erode slowly. The rocks come apart. The rocks become smaller rocks. The rocks continue to erode into smaller rocks. The process starts again.
Solution: | How does sediment turn into sedimentary rock? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Output: What causes a volcano to erupt?
The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
New input case for you: A red giant burns mass. This mass creates high core temperatures. The mass decreases. The red giant can no longer fuse the carbon and oxygen in its center. The gravity of the star can no longer hold the outside layers. The layers break away. Only the inner core remains. This inner core is known as a white dwarf.
Output: | How is a white dwarf star formed? | 1 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: The blood sugar drops in a body. Cells in the pancrease release glucagon. The liver in response turns the glucagon into glucose. And releases it into the blood. The blood sugar levels are restored.
| Solution: How does the body control its blood sugar level? | 5 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example input: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Example output: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Example explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: The air is cold. Water is in the air. The water forms tiny ice crystals. The ice crystals collide with each other. The ice crystals stick to each other. The ice crystals get bigger as more of them stick together. The ice crystals get too heavy to be in the air. The ice crystals become snowflakes. The snow flakes fall to the ground as snow.
A: | How does snow form? | 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: You breathe in. Air goes through all the little branches in your lungs to fill up the air sacs, or alveoli. Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries. The oxygen goes into the bloodstream. Oxygen is left and carbon dioxide is picked up. You breathe it out through your lungs.
Solution: | How do the lungs work? | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
question:
Bees find a place for the hive, such as a rock crevice or tree branch. Bees gather nectar from flowers. The bees evaporate the nectar by passing it back and forth to each other. The evaporation turns the nectar into sugary honey. The bees chew the honey until it turns into moldable wax. The bees mold the wax into hexagonal (six sided) cylinders. Thousands of these hexagonal cylinders put together form the hive.
answer:
How do bees make a hive?
question:
Snow falls in an area for a very long time. The snow builds up for a very long time. The snow starts to become packed very firmly. The snow becomes something that's more like ice. Air pockets in the mass continue to grow smaller. The mass becomes solid and heavy enough to be called a glacier. The glacier moves because of gravity.
answer:
How do glaciers form and move?
question:
A forest fire starts. The fire surrounds the vicinity. The animals are trapped. Those that survive have their habitat destroyed. The survivors must find a new habitat. Conflict with other animals occur.
answer:
| Describe how forest fires can negatively affect animals
| 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example is below.
Q: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
A: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Rationale: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Q: You breathe in through your nose or mouth. The air travels through your windpipe. Into your lungs. Inside your lungs are tiny air sacs. The air sacs transfer the oxygen into your blood. The oxygen travels through your blood stream. The carbon dioxide from your blood stream is transferred to your air sacs. You breathe out and expel the carbon dioxide from your lungs.
A: | Describe the process of breathing. | 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
A forest fire starts. The fire surrounds the vicinity. The animals are trapped. Those that survive have their habitat destroyed. The survivors must find a new habitat. Conflict with other animals occur.
Answer: | Describe how forest fires can negatively affect animals | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
PROBLEM: The piston starts at the top, the intake valve opens, and the piston moves down to let the engine take in a cylinder-full of air and gasoline. Then the piston moves back up to compress this fuel/air mixture. Compression makes the explosion more powerful. When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, the spark plug emits a spark to ignite the gasoline. The gasoline charge in the cylinder explodes, driving the piston down. Once the piston hits the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the exhaust leaves the cylinder to go out the tailpipe.
SOLUTION: Describe how an internal combustion engine works
PROBLEM: Food is put into mouth. Food is chewed and mixed with saliva (spit). Food travels down the esophagus (throat). Food travels into the stomach. Acid in the stomach breaks the food down further. Food travels into the small intestine. Nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood stream. Food travels into the large intestine. Most of the remaining material is now waste. The waste is eventually removed from the body.
SOLUTION: Describe the process of digestion
PROBLEM: Adult mushrooms produce spores. Release them into the air by process of sporulation. Spores are carried by the wind. Land in a hospitable growing environment. The spores germinate into the soil. The mushroom starts growing. The adult mushroom produce spores of its own to repeat the process.
SOLUTION: | Describe the life cycle of a mushroom.
| 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Why? The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
New input: Water is exposed to heat energy, like sunlight. The water temperature is raised above 212 degrees fahrenheit. The heat breaks down the molecules in the water. These molecules escape from the water. The water becomes vapor. The vapor evaporates into the atmosphere.
Solution: | Describe the process of evaporation | 0 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Part 2. Example
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Answer: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Part 3. Exercise
Acid rain makes waters acidic. Causes them to absorb aluminum from soil. The water runs off from the soil into lakes, streams, etc. Fish and their eggs die. Frogs and plants die. Insects and other wildlife die. The ecosystem is out of balance, causing further problems.
Answer: | Describe how acid rain can affect the environment. | 7 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Q: Trash is placed into a garbage container in the house. The trash is moved to a centralized container for the house. Trash is picked up by a sanitation company. The trash is combined in a large truck with trash from all around the city. The truck goes to the landfill. The truck dumps the trash into the landfill.
A: Describe how trash travels from the house to the landfill
****
Q: Fans blow air onto the evaporator's coils. The refrigerant within the coils absorbs the heat. The refrigerant changes from a liquid to a gas. The compressor compresses the gas, increasing the pressure. The hot, pressurized gas moves to the condenser. The gas condenses in the condenser and becomes a liquid again. Heat is radiated away from the condenser. The cooled liquid is returned to the evaporator.
A: How does an air conditioner work?
****
Q: A flowering plant has stamen and pistils. An insect ot bird lands on the plant. Some of the pollen sticks to it. The insect or bird travels to another plant of the same species. The pollen is tranferred to the new plant.
A: | How does pollination happen?
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Output: What causes a volcano to erupt?
The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
New input case for you: Something happens to produce a sound. The sound travels in waves. The sound waves hit an object. The object absorbs some of the sound waves. Some of the sound waves bounce off of the object. The reflected sound waves can be heard, though they have slightly different properties than the original sound. The sound continues to bounce off of things and produce echoes until it is totally absorbed or dissipated.
Output: | How do echoes occur? | 1 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Reason: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this instance: Build a satellite. Attach a rocket. Add rocket fuel. Launch rocket. Satellite goes into orbit.
Student: | Describe the steps in launching a satelite into space. | 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Let me give you an example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
The answer to this example can be: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Here is why: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
OK. solve this:
You take some paper. The writing tools. You write a message describing what's on your mind. You put the letter into an envelope. You take the letter to the post office. Send it to its recipient.
Answer: | Describe the process of writing and posting a letter | 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: Pack up your camping gear, food, and clothes. Drive to your campsite. Set up your tent. Start a fire in the fire pit. Cook your food in the fire. Put the fire out when you are finished. Go to sleep. Wake up. Put away your tent. Drive home.
Solution: | Describe the typical steps involved in camping. | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
[EX Q]: A stream or river must occur. Through erosion, the stream cuts into the soil and bedrock. Through continuous erosion, a deep gash is cut through. After many years the river may dry up. A dry ravine is left.
[EX A]: How are ravines formed?
[EX Q]: A mold spore floats through the air. The spore lands on a piece of bread. The spore grows hyphae into the bread. The mold forms a colony. Sporangiophores grow upward. The mold sends out spores.
[EX A]: How does mold grow on bread?
[EX Q]: The spider picks a suitable place. The spider produces sticky silk from its abdomen. The spider attaches it to objects where it wants to build the web. The spider strings this silk back and forth between objects. A web is created.
[EX A]: | How does a spider make its web?
| 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
PROBLEM: You receive a vaccination through an injection or a nasal spray. The vaccine contains a weakened version of the virus or bacteria responsible for the disease. The body's immune system reacts to the virus or bacteria. The immune system creates antibodies to fight the virus or bacteria. The antibodies remain in the body. The antibodies are ready to fight the disease if the person is infected with the disease.
SOLUTION: How do vaccinations work?
PROBLEM: Water flows by rocks. Chemicals are in the waters. Chemicals react with rocks. Rocks change to a different kind of rock. Oxygen in the air reacts with rocks. Rocks change to a different kind of rock.
SOLUTION: What happens during chemical weathering?
PROBLEM: The inner portion of the ring is formed during rapid spring growth. The tree's growth slows as the seasons change. The ring's outer growth is more dense. The growth of the tree pushes out the bark of the tree. The tree stops growing quickly in the winter. This seasonal "pause" in growth results in distinct rings in certain tree types.
SOLUTION: | How do rings form inside the trunk of a tree?
| 8 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
question:
Bacteria changes nitrogen into ammonium through fixation. The nitrification process is where ammonium gets changed into nitrates by bacteria. Plants absorb the nitrates from soil into their roots through assimilation. When plants die, fungi and bacteria turn nitrogen back into ammonium through ammonification. The denitrification process pushes extra nitrogen from soil into the air. The cycle repeats from step 1.
answer:
Describe the nitrogen cycle
question:
Warm water floats up from the ocean. A pocket of low pressure air is created near the surface of the ocean. Warm air from outside areas pushes into the low pressure area. The warm air keeps rising and forms clouds. The wind is getting fed moisture that evaporates from the ocean. This moisture causes the swirling air and clouds to grow bigger. As it gets bigger the wind rotates faster.
answer:
Describe the process by which hurricanes form.
question:
Magma rises through surrounding rock. Gas bubbles form and expand, causing lots of pressure. This pressure pushes the magma through weak spots in the earth's surface,. Magma flows out as lava. This can happen slowly or in a huge explosion.
answer:
| What happens during a vocanic eruption?
| 9 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Example Input: Fuel produces heat. Water is boiled to make steam. Steam spins turbine. Generator is turned. Makes electricity. Electricity transfers to transformers. Produces the correct voltage.
Example Output: How does a nuclear-powered power station generate electricity?
Example Input: A seed is in soil. The seed germinates. The plant grows roots. The plant grows out of the ground. The plant gets bigger. The plant flowers. The flower produces fruit. The fruit releases seeds. The plant dies.
Example Output: Describe the life cycle of a plant.
Example Input: Algae and plankton die. The dead algae and plankton end up part of sediment on a seafloor. The sediment breaks down. The bottom layers of sediment become compacted by pressure. Higher pressure causes the sediment to heat up. The heat causes chemical processes. The material becomes a liquid. Is known as oil. Oil moves up through rock.
Example Output: | How does oil form?
| 3 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Reason: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this instance: You must decide the purpose of the satellite. You must draw up a plan to what kind of orbit the satellite will travel. You make preparations for the rocket that will travel into space. Prepare the crew that will send it there. You begin the countdown date for the rocket. And then you send the rocket carrying the satellite into space. Once in orbit the satellite will be placed where it was planned.
Student: | Describe the steps in launching a satelite into space. | 2 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
One example: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution is here: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Now, solve this: The growing season starts. Bark grows on a tree. The inside of the tree grows. The bark is pushed out around the tree trunk. The bark leaves a ring. The growing season slows down and ends.
Solution: | How do rings form inside the trunk of a tree? | 6 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Magma rises from deep in the earth. The magma goes into volcanos. The volcanos pressure the magma upwards. The pressure causes the magma to push through the surface of the volcano. The lava cools. The lava forms new rock. New magma is pressured to the surface of the volcano. The volcano bursts through the rock the formed after the last eruption.
Solution: What causes a volcano to erupt?
Explanation: The process paragraph explains in steps about - the cause for volcano eruption. The keywords in the question are relevant to the process paragraph given. So, this is a good question.
Problem: The moon orbits the earth. The earth orbits the sun. The moon comes between the sun and the earth. The sun is totally blocked. A solar eclipse is occurring.
Solution: | How do solar eclipses occur? | 4 | NIv2 | task1567_propara_question_generation | fs_opt |
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