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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: Bar, circle, and line are all types of what? Answer: graphs [A]: Descriptive statistics and graphs help organize data so patterns and trends are more apparent. Descriptive statistics include the mean and range. Types of graphs include bar, circle, and line graphs. [Q]: Question: Salts of weak acids or bases can affect the acidity or what of their aqueous solution? Answer: basicity [A]: Salts of weak acids or bases can affect the acidity or basicity of their aqueous solutions. [Q]: Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical element called? Answer: atom [A]:
An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element . That is, an atom has all the properties of that element. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
5
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: What are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts? Answer: electromagnets answer: Electromagnets find use in many practical applications. Electromagnets are used to lift large masses of magnetic materials such as scrap iron, rolls of steel, and auto parts. question: Question: The lungs, kidneys, skin, and large intestine are all part of what organ system? Answer: excretory answer: Organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, large intestine, skin, and lungs. question: Question: What is a circuit that consists of one loop called? Answer: series circuit answer:
A circuit that consists of one loop is called a series circuit. If its single loop is interrupted at any point, no current can flow through the circuit.
9
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: What is the largest mineral group, comprising over 90% of earth's crust? Answer: silicates Example Output: Silicates are the largest mineral group. About 1,000 silicate minerals are known. Silicate minerals are also extremely common. They make up over 90% of Earth's crust!. Example Input: Question: What forms when the spores from two parents fuse during sexual reproduction? Answer: zygospore Example Output: Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore. Example Input: Question: What causes cumulus clouds to grow upward? Answer: convection currents Example Output:
Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input case for you: Question: Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather what? Answer: light Output:
Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather light.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [EX Q]: Question: What does the human body produce to help digest food? Answer: enzymes [EX A]: The human body produces many enzymes that help digest food. Here are just two examples. [EX Q]: Question: The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris have what effect? Answer: extend [EX A]: The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris extend it. [EX Q]: Question: Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather what? Answer: light [EX A]:
Refracting and reflecting telescopes are optical telescopes that use lenses to gather light.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Ex Input: Question: The metacarpophalangeal joints in the finger are examples of what kind of joints? Answer: condyloid Ex Output: Figure 38.30 The metacarpophalangeal joints in the finger are examples of condyloid joints. (credit: modification of work by Gray's Anatomy). Ex Input: Question: Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in these? Answer: atoms Ex Output: Electron configurations are a shorthand method of indicating what subshells electrons occupy in atoms. Ex Input: Question: What types of flat maps show users changes in land elevation? Answer: topographic maps Ex Output:
Topographic maps are flat maps that show the three-dimensional surface features of an area. Topographic maps help users see the how the land changes in elevation.
1
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: Substances produced by a reaction are known as? Answer: products
Solution: Products are substances that are produced in the reaction.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Let me give you an example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series The answer to this example can be: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Here is why: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact OK. solve this: Question: When a liquid is heated, molecules with enough kinetic energy escape the liquid and become what? Answer: vapor Answer:
Kinetic energy distribution curves for a liquid at two temperatures T 1 and T 2 . The shaded area is the molecules with enough kinetic energy to escape the liquid and become vapor.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input case for you: Question: What is transmitted that makes up the electromagnetic spectrum? Answer: electromagnetic radiation in different wavelengths Output:
Electromagnetic radiation is energy transmitted as waves with different wavelengths. This makes up the electromagnetic spectrum.
1
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What do populations gain through births and immigration? Answer: individuals Solution:
Populations gain individuals through births and immigration. They lose individuals through deaths and emigration. These factors together determine how fast a population grows.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. -------- Question: Question: Matter can exist either as a pure substance or as a combination of what? Answer: different substances Answer: The properties of matter, both physical and chemical, depend on the substances that matter is made of. Matter can exist either as a pure substance or as a combination of different substances. Question: Question: Why are noninfectious diseases not contagious? Answer: non-pathogen caused Answer: Noninfectious diseases are not contagious because they are not caused by pathogens. Instead, they are caused by such factors as lifestyle choices, environmental toxins, or mutations. Question: Question: What do cells do in order to replace damaged or worn out cells? Answer: divide Answer:
Cells also divide in order to replace damaged or worn-out cells.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Ex Input: Question: What types of glands do only female mammals have? Answer: mammary Ex Output: Two traits are used to define the mammal class. They are fur or hair and mammary glands in females. Ex Input: Question: What is the clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye? Answer: cornea Ex Output: First, light passes through the cornea of the eye. The cornea is a clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye. Ex Input: Question: The direction of the force of gravity is in what direction? Answer: straight line Ex Output:
The direction of the force of gravity is in a straight line between two objects. It is always attractive.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: What occurs at joints? Answer: body movements answer: Movements of the body occur at joints. Describe how muscles are arranged around the joints of the body. question: Question: Which type of cell division halves the number of chromosomes? Answer: meiosis answer: Meiosis is a type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes. question: Question: What is the stored food in a seed called? Answer: endosperm answer:
The stored food in a seed is called endosperm . It nourishes the embryo until it can start making food on its own.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example is below. Q: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series A: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Rationale: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: Which latitudes get the most energy from the sun? Answer: lowest latitudes A:
The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the Sun. The highest latitudes get the least.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Ex Input: Question: Name the process of removing wastes from the body. Answer: excretion Ex Output: Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body. Ex Input: Question: Which currents distribute heat around the planet and have a large impact on climate? Answer: surface Ex Output: Surface currents are extremely important because they distribute heat around the planet. Surface currents also have a tremendous influence on climate around the globe. Ex Input: Question: What is the temperature where molecular motion stops? Answer: absolute zero Ex Output:
Absolute zero is the temperature where molecular motion stops and is the lowest possible temperature.
1
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Part 1. Definition Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Part 2. Example Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Answer: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Part 3. Exercise Question: The wave on a guitar string is transverse. the sound wave rattles a sheet of paper in a direction that shows the sound wave is what? Answer: longitudinal Answer:
Figure 16.33 The wave on a guitar string is transverse. The sound wave rattles a sheet of paper in a direction that shows the sound wave is longitudinal.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [EX Q]: Question: What unit of measure is equal to the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute? Answer: horsepower [EX A]: Power may be measured in a unit called the horsepower. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute, which equals 745 watts of power. [EX Q]: Question: In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by what? Answer: an active metal [EX A]: In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by an active metal. [EX Q]: Question: Cells that are divided by oncogenes contain damaged what? Answer: dna [EX A]:
Proto-oncogenes normally help control cell division. Mutations in these genes turn them into oncogenes. Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged DNA.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Why? This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input: Question: Prokaryotic cells grow to a certain size and then they divide by which process? Answer: binary fission Solution:
Prokaryotic cells grow to a certain size. Then they divide by binary fission. This is a type of asexual reproduction.
0
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: As ph increases what happens to a solution? Answer: becomes more basic Solution:
The deprotonated form of an acid is referred to as its conjugate base. Similarly, the protonated form of a base is referred to as its conjugate acid.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What do eukaryotic cells have that compartmentalize their functions? Answer: internal membranes
Solution: 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: What organelle contains the genetic material of the cell? Answer: nucleus [A]: The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell. [Q]: Question: What is the first step of the calvin cycle called? Answer: carbon fixation [A]: The Calvin cycle has three major steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. All three steps take place in the stroma of a chloroplast. [Q]: Question: What term describes an imbalance of attractive forces between liquid molecules at the surface of a liquid? Answer: surface tension [A]:
Surface tension is an imbalance of attractive forces between liquid molecules at the surface of a liquid.
5
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Part 1. Definition Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Part 2. Example Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Answer: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Part 3. Exercise Question: What is the upper-most atmosphere known as? Answer: thermosphere Answer:
The atmosphere is a big part of the water cycle. What do you think would happen to Earth’s water without it?.
7
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example is below. Q: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series A: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Rationale: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: What occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet? Answer: intraplate earthquakes A:
Intraplate earthquakes occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet.
9
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What is defined as force per unit area? Answer: pressure Solution:
Pressure is defined as force per unit area, .
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Question: What kind of reaction is needed to prepare amides? Answer: carboxylic acid reaction Amides are prepared by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with ammonia or an amine. Question: Volcanoes are termed active, dormant, or extinct depending on the possibility of the presence of what in chamber structures? Answer: magma Volcanoes may be active, dormant, or extinct. This depends on whether there is the possibility of magma in their magma chambers. Question: What term is used to describe foods containing active cultures of beneficial bacteria? Answer: probiotic
Yogurt is a good source of calcium. Yogurt also contains active cultures of "good" bacteria. Foods that contain these beneficial bacteria are sometimes called "probiotic. ".
0
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: A mass suspended by a wire is a simple type of what and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15 degrees? Answer: pendulum
Solution: 16.4 The Simple Pendulum • A mass m suspended by a wire of length L is a simple pendulum and undergoes simple harmonic motion for amplitudes less than about 15º. The period of a simple pendulum is.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: What are the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells? Answer: capillaries answer: Red blood cells are flat, round, and very small. Their small size allows easy maneuverability through the capillaries, the narrowest blood vessels, where oxygen is transferred into body cells. question: Question: The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris have what effect? Answer: extend answer: The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris extend it. question: Question: Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to what? Answer: shore answer:
Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to the shore.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Q: Question: Unlike wild animals, what type of species are genetically uniform, making them more vulnerable to die-out from disease? Answer: domestic species A: Wild plants and animals maintain a valuable pool of genetic variation . This is important because domestic species are genetically uniform. This puts them at great risk of dying out due to disease. **** Q: Question: What are prokaryotic cells filled with? Answer: cytoplasm A: cytoplasm. Like all other cells, prokaryotic cells are filled with cytoplasm. It includes watery cytosol and other structures. **** Q: Question: What is the upper-most atmosphere known as? Answer: thermosphere A:
The atmosphere is a big part of the water cycle. What do you think would happen to Earth’s water without it?. ****
4
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: Hormones produced by what gland in the neck increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body? Answer: thyroid Solution:
The thyroid gland is a large gland in the neck. Thyroid hormones increase the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body. They control how quickly cells use energy and make proteins.
4
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place? Answer: large intestine
Solution: The large intestine eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Q: Question: What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? Answer: to transport A: Many ecosystems have changed because of human actions. The human species is responsible for a range of environmental problems. **** Q: Question: What forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air? Answer: fog A: Fog forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air. **** Q: Question: What is the name of the black opening in the eye that lets light enter? Answer: pupil A:
Next, light passes through the pupil. The pupil is a black opening in the eye that lets light enter the eye. ****
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: What is a measure of the amount of space a substance or an object takes up? Answer: volume Example Output: Volume measures the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up. The basic SI unit for volume is the cubic meter (m 3 ). Example Input: Question: The yellowstone hot spot is a famous example of a what? Answer: continental hot spot Example Output: Hot spots are found within continents, but not as commonly as within oceans. The Yellowstone hot spot is a famous example of a continental hot spot. Example Input: Question: Sublimation and deposition involve direct transitions between solid and gas without going through which state? Answer: liquid Example Output:
Sublimation and deposition involve direct transitions between solid and gas without going through the liquid state.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: What does the concentration of a solution represent? Answer: percentage of solute Solution:
The concentration of a solution represents the percentage of the solution that is the solute. You can calculate the concentration of a solution using this formula:.
6
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input case for you: Question: What is the outer layer of the sun made up of? Answer: plasma Output:
outermost layer of the sun, made up of a plasma that extends millions of kilometers into space.
1
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: Amino groups are found within amino acids, nicknamed the building blocks of what? Answer: proteins answer: Amino groups are found within amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. question: Question: What type of generations do plants alternate between during a life cycle? Answer: haploid and diploid answer: All plants have a life cycle that alternates between haploid and diploid generations. Plants vary in terms of which generation is dominant. Most modern plants have a dominant diploid generation. question: Question: Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and what? Answer: leaves answer:
Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves.
9
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Part 1. Definition Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Part 2. Example Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Answer: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Part 3. Exercise Question: What is lava called before it reaches the surface of the earth? Answer: magma Answer:
Minerals form as magma or lava cools.
7
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example input: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: What are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties called? Answer: elements A:
Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with different properties.
3
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input case for you: Question: Beryllium hydride consists of a central beryllium atom with two single bonds to what? Answer: hydrogen atoms Output:
Beryllium hydride consists of a central beryllium atom with two single bonds to hydrogen atoms. Recall that it violates the octet rule.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on what? Answer: decaying matter [A]: Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on decaying matter. They are commonly found on items such as rotting logs. [Q]: Question: The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on it's mass and it's what? Answer: volume [A]: The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on its mass and its volume. [Q]: Question: Glucose and fructose are considered this type of sugar? Answer: monosaccharides, or simple [A]:
Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides, or simple sugars.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example input: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: The lungs, kidneys, skin, and large intestine are all part of what organ system? Answer: excretory A:
Organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, large intestine, skin, and lungs.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: What does the distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between? Answer: accuracy and precision [A]: The distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between accuracy and precision. [Q]: Question: What is the touch response in plants called? Answer: thigmotropism [A]: The surface temperature of most stars is due to their size. Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter. But some very small stars are very hot. Some very big stars are cool. [Q]: Question: Which ancient fish has just two living species and is at risk of extinction? Answer: coelacanths [A]:
Coelacanths are ancient fish with just two living species. They are at risk of extinction because of their very small numbers.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: This bodily defense function attacks pathogens and includes inflammatory response and phagocytosis? Answer: second line of defense
Solution: The second line of defense attacks pathogens that manage to enter the body. It includes the inflammatory response and phagocytosis by nonspecific leukocytes.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Let me give you an example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series The answer to this example can be: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Here is why: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact OK. solve this: Question: What attracts the earth to the sun? Answer: gravity Answer:
The earth is attracted to the sun by the force of gravity. Why doesn’t the earth fall into the sun?.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: Almost all plants make food through what process? Answer: photosynthesis Solution:
Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from what type of decaying material? Answer: plant Solution:
Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from decaying plant material over millions of years.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Ex Input: Question: Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on? Answer: surface Ex Output: Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on a surface. Ex Input: Question: Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have what type of fertilization? Answer: internal Ex Output: Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. Ex Input: Question: What attracts the earth to the sun? Answer: gravity Ex Output:
The earth is attracted to the sun by the force of gravity. Why doesn’t the earth fall into the sun?.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: The other ammonium ions are changed into nitrogen gas by what? Answer: denitrifying bacteria answer: The other ammonium ions are changed into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria. question: Question: What type of plate is an island arc found on? Answer: oceanic answer: An island arc is a line of volcanoes on an oceanic plate. A continental arc is a line of volcanoes on a continental plate. question: Question: Almost all plants make food through what process? Answer: photosynthesis answer:
Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Question: In which organ are bile acids made Answer: liver Bile salts are bile acids that help to break down fat. Bile acids are made in the liver. When you eat a meal, bile is secreted into the intestine, where it breaks down the fats ( Figure below ). Question: Predators can replace what tool in agriculture. Answer: pesticides Predator species such as birds and spiders control insect pests. They reduce the need for chemical pesticides, which are expensive and may be harmful to human beings and other organisms. Question: What advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves and is also equal to the output force divided by the input force? Answer: mechanical
Mechanical advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves. It is also equal to the output force divided by the input force.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: Why are noninfectious diseases not contagious? Answer: non-pathogen caused answer: Noninfectious diseases are not contagious because they are not caused by pathogens. Instead, they are caused by such factors as lifestyle choices, environmental toxins, or mutations. question: Question: What is the outer core made of? Answer: liquid metal answer: Yes! The outer core, anyway. The outer core is liquid metal, like in this photo. Of course, the metal is under an incredible amount of pressure. question: Question: Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from what type of decaying material? Answer: plant answer:
Coal is a solid hydrocarbon formed from decaying plant material over millions of years.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example is below. Q: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series A: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Rationale: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: Sharing a phylum with insects, spiders, daddy-long-legs, scorpions, and ticks belong to what class? Answer: arachnids A:
Arachnids include spiders, daddy-long-legs, scorpions, and ticks.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: The outer layer of what anatomical structure is so tough that it keeps out most pathogens? Answer: skin answer: This drawing shows that the skin has many layers. The outer layer is so tough that it keeps out most pathogens. question: Question: Solvation involves surrounding ions with what? Answer: solvent particles answer: Solvation involves surrounding ions with solvent particles. question: Question: What term is used to describe the ability of matter to burn? Answer: flammability answer:
Flammability is the ability of matter to burn. When matter burns, it combines with oxygen and changes to different substances. Wood is an example of flammable matter, as seen in Figure below .
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example is below. Q: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series A: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Rationale: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: What occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size? Answer: fission A:
Fission Occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size. Bacteria, Protists, Unicellular Fungi.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What kind of interactions do polar substances experience? Answer: dipole-dipole interactions Solution:
Substances that are polar experience dipole-dipole interactions.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: How high or low a sound seems is associated with what property of the sound? Answer: pitch Example Output: How high or low a sound seems to a listener is its pitch. Pitch, in turn, depends on the frequency of sound waves. Example Input: Question: What can be used to convert the energy provided by the sun to usable electrical energy? Answer: solar cells Example Output: Solar cells convert the energy in sunlight to electrical energy. They contain a material such as silicon that absorbs light energy and gives off electrons. Example Input: Question: What kind of interactions do polar substances experience? Answer: dipole-dipole interactions Example Output:
Substances that are polar experience dipole-dipole interactions.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: What is used to fluoridate drinking water to promote dental health Answer: calcium fluoride Example Output: Calcium fluoride is used to fluoridate drinking water to promote dental health. Crystalline CaF 2 (d = 3.1805 3. Example Input: Question: What is the type of plant called when its leaves seasonally turn color and fall off? Answer: deciduous plant Example Output: In a deciduous plant, leaves seasonally turn color and fall off the plant. They are replaced with new leaves later in the year. Example Input: Question: What helps deposit the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns Answer: groundwater Example Output:
Groundwater deposits the material in caves as stalactites, stalagmites, and columns.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Let me give you an example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series The answer to this example can be: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Here is why: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact OK. solve this: Question: What type of energy is required in all chemical reactions? Answer: activation Answer:
All chemical reactions require activation energy, which is the energy needed to get a reaction started.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Q: Question: Angiosperms possess reproductive structures that attract animals that perform what role? Answer: pollination A: structure in angiosperms consisting of male and female reproductive structures that attracts animal pollinators. **** Q: Question: Each month, starting in puberty, one egg matures and is released from where? Answer: ovary A: Each month, starting in puberty, one egg matures and is released from the ovary. **** Q: Question: Deposition refers to when a gas changes to what state? Answer: solid A:
Deposition is the change of state from a gas to a solid. ****
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make atp Answer: cellular respiration
Solution: Cellular respiration is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make ATP. The process begins in the cytoplasm and is completed in a mitochondrion.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What are the two types of vascular plants? Answer: seedless and seed
Solution: Vascular plants are further divided into seedless and seed plants.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Input: Consider Input: Question: Long distance runners try to maintain constant velocity with very little acceleration or deceleration to conserve what? Answer: energy Output: Long distance runners try to maintain constant velocity with very little acceleration or deceleration to conserve energy. Input: Consider Input: Question: Which kind of flowers carry both male and female floral organs? Answer: perfect flowers Output: Figure 14.25 This image depicts the structure of a perfect and complete flower. Perfect flowers carry both male and female floral organs. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal). Input: Consider Input: Question: What atoms make up a water molecule? Answer: hydrogen and oxygen
Output: Water is a compound that forms molecules. Each water molecule consists of two atoms of hydrogen (white) and one atom of oxygen (red).
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Input: Consider Input: Question: The central nervous system is composed of the brain and what else? Answer: the spinal cord Output: User:Grm_wnr/Wikimedia Commons, modified by CK-12 Foundation. The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord . Public Domain. Input: Consider Input: Question: When did new plants start sprouting after the forest fire? Answer: two months later Output: Secondary Succession. Two months after a forest fire, new plants are already sprouting among the charred logs. Input: Consider Input: Question: What is the general shape of centrioles? Answer: rod
Output: Centrioles are rod-like structures made of short microtubules. Though they are found in most eukaryotic cells, centrioles are absent in some plants and most fungi.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. however, there are certain nutrients that affect this? Answer: bone health Example Output: Nutrition and Bone Tissue The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. However, there are certain nutrients that affect bone health. Example Input: Question: What two gases are the main components of air? Answer: nitrogen and oxygen Example Output: A: Other examples of liquid mixtures include salt water and salad dressing. Air is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. The rock pictured in the Figure below is a solid mixture. Example Input: Question: The mechanical advantage of a machine is related to how it changes what? Answer: force Example Output:
The mechanical advantage of a machine is related to how it changes force. Explain this relationship.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What process allows particles too large to move along the stream bed? Answer: saltation Solution:
Particles that are too large to be suspended move along the stream bed by saltation.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Part 1. Definition Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Part 2. Example Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Answer: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Part 3. Exercise Question: Atoms of what element ultimately form in a red supergiant? Answer: iron Answer:
In a red supergiant, fusion does not stop. Lighter atoms fuse into heavier atoms. Eventually iron atoms form.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: What is another term for a hand lens? Answer: magnifying glass [A]: An example of a lens is a hand lens, also called a magnifying glass. This type of lens makes objects look bigger than they really are. How do you think this happens?. [Q]: Question: What preventive measure can protect even young children against diseases such as viral meningitis? Answer: vaccination [A]: Children as young as 2 years of age can be vaccinated against viral meningitis. [Q]: Question: Whisk ferns have yellow sporangia and no what? Answer: leaves [A]:
Whisk ferns have yellow sporangia and no leaves.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, which are molecules built around what element? Answer: carbon Solution:
Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, molecules built around the element carbon.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Ex Input: Question: Because their cells are arranged in bundles, the appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles is described as what? Answer: striated Ex Output: http://zonalandeducation. com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vectors/introduction/introductionVectors. html. Ex Input: Question: What is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte? Answer: the sporophyte Ex Output: Following fertilization, the sporophyte forms. The sporophyte is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte. Ex Input: Question: Mutation creates new genetic variation in what? Answer: gene pool Ex Output:
Mutation creates new genetic variation in a gene pool.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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TASK DEFINITION: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. PROBLEM: Question: As a polycrystalline material solidifies, grains with irregular shapes form. the interfaces between grains constitute grain what? Answer: boundaries SOLUTION: Grain boundaries. As a polycrystalline material solidifies, grains with irregular shapes form. The interfaces between grains constitute grain boundaries. (Squares represent unit cells within grains. PROBLEM: Question: Covalent solutes separate into what when dissolved? Answer: individual molecules SOLUTION: Ionic solutes separate into individual ions when they dissolve. Covalent solutes separate into individual molecules. PROBLEM: Question: The magnitude of the momentum vector is the product of what two properties? Answer: mass and speed SOLUTION:
Momentum is a vector that points in the direction of the velocity vector. The magnitude of this vector is the product of mass and speed.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to what? Answer: sunlight
Solution: Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to sunlight.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: What is the term for the gases that surround a planet? Answer: the atmosphere [A]: An atmosphere is the gases that surround a planet. The early Earth had no atmosphere. Conditions were so hot that gases were not stable. [Q]: Question: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are examples of which type of sti? Answer: bacterial [A]: Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. [Q]: Question: Insects can have specialized mouthparts, such as a proboscis, to siphon the nectar from what? Answer: flowers [A]:
Insects can have specialized mouthparts, such as a proboscis, to siphon the nectar from a flower.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Part 1. Definition Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Part 2. Example Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Answer: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Part 3. Exercise Question: In what two ways are volcanic eruptions characterized? Answer: explosive and non-explosive Answer:
Eruptions can be explosive or non-explosive. Only rarely do gentle and explosive eruptions happen in the same volcano.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Teacher: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Reason: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this instance: Question: Where do biochemical reactions take place? Answer: inside the organisms' cells Student:
Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of organisms.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. -------- Question: Question: Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and what? Answer: leaves Answer: Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. Question: Question: What can be calculated given the mass and speed of an object? Answer: kinetic energy Answer: Given the mass and speed of an object, calculate its kinetic energy. Question: Question: When matter reacts, there can be what that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for? Answer: mass Answer:
When matter reacts, there can be mass that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: Which type of glaciers form in high mountains and travel through valleys? Answer: alpine glaciers [A]: Continental glaciers form in a central location with ice moving outward in all directions. Alpine glaciers form in high mountains and travel through valleys. Ice caps cover large areas. [Q]: Question: How many alleles comes from each parent? Answer: one [A]: When gametes unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote inherits two alleles for each gene. One allele comes from each parent. [Q]: Question: What is the metal part of the compound named as? Answer: the element [A]:
The metal part of the compound is named as the element.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example input: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: When matter reacts, there can be what that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for? Answer: mass A:
When matter reacts, there can be mass that comes from nowhere and is unaccounted for.
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Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Input: Consider Input: Question: What is the term for how close a measurement is to the true value? Answer: accuracy Output: Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the true value. For example, 66 mL is a fairly accurate measurement of the liquid in Figure above . Input: Consider Input: Question: What is the active ingredient in household bleach? Answer: chlorine Output: Chlorine is the active ingredient in household bleach. It removes stains from clothes. It can also be used to disinfect countertops and other surfaces. Input: Consider Input: Question: The heart contracts rhythmically to pump what to the lungs and the rest of the body? Answer: blood
Output: The heart contracts rhythmically to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Specialized cardiac muscle cells trigger the contractions.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: What are magnetites naturally attracted to? Answer: iron Solution:
Magnetite naturally attracts iron nails and filings. Its natural magnetism was discovered thousands of years ago.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Let me give you an example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series The answer to this example can be: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Here is why: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact OK. solve this: Question: Which factor ruins renewable resources like soil and water? Answer: careless human action Answer:
Theoretically, soil and water are renewable resources. However, they may be ruined by careless human actions.
8
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: What protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes? Answer: absorptive Solution:
Absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes. This occurs by diffusion . These protists are important decomposers.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: What organelle contains the genetic material of the cell? Answer: nucleus answer: The nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell. question: Question: What are prokaryotic cells filled with? Answer: cytoplasm answer: cytoplasm. Like all other cells, prokaryotic cells are filled with cytoplasm. It includes watery cytosol and other structures. question: Question: What protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes? Answer: absorptive answer:
Absorptive protists absorb food molecules across their cell membranes. This occurs by diffusion . These protists are important decomposers.
9
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Why? This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input: Question: What does antifreeze do to the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators? Answer: lowers it Solution:
Flickr:EvelynGiggles. Antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators . CC BY 2.0.
0
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: What forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air? Answer: fog Example Output: Fog forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air. Example Input: Question: What is lava called before it reaches the surface of the earth? Answer: magma Example Output: Minerals form as magma or lava cools. Example Input: Question: What does antifreeze do to the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators? Answer: lowers it Example Output:
Flickr:EvelynGiggles. Antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators . CC BY 2.0.
3
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example is below. Q: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series A: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Rationale: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: Digestion of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine produces glucose and other? Answer: monosaccharides A:
Digestion of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine produces glucose and other monosaccharides.
9
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Q: Question: What are the two main divisions of the human nervous system? Answer: central and peripheral A: The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system has additional divisions. **** Q: Question: Enzymes - proteins which speed up what? Answer: chemical reactions A: enzymes - proteins which speed up chemical reactions. **** Q: Question: Which factor ruins renewable resources like soil and water? Answer: careless human action A:
Theoretically, soil and water are renewable resources. However, they may be ruined by careless human actions. ****
4
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input case for you: Question: What work together in pairs to bend or straighten a joint? Answer: muscles Output:
Muscles work together in pairs to bend or straighten the joint.
1
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Part 1. Definition Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Part 2. Example Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Answer: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Part 3. Exercise Question: What system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream? Answer: the endocrine system Answer:
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: What is it called when two waves combine to create a larger wave? Answer: constructive interference Solution:
Constructive interference occurs when two waves combine to create a larger wave. This occurs when the peaks of two waves line up.
4
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Ex Input: Question: Ovulation takes place in what organ and is part of the menstrual cycle? Answer: ovary Ex Output: The menstrual cycle includes events that take place in the ovary, such as ovulation. Ex Input: Question: What is the structure which hangs from a newly hatched salmon larva? Answer: yolk sac Ex Output: Salmon Larva. This newly hatched salmon larva doesn’t look very fish-like. The structure hanging from the larva is the yolk sac. Ex Input: Question: How can nuclear fusion in stars be simulated? Answer: particle accelerators Ex Output:
Particle accelerators simulate nuclear fusion in stars.
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NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: What bond is a force of attraction between ions and atoms? Answer: chemical bond answer: A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions. Bonds form when atoms share or transfer valence electrons. question: Question: What science is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? Answer: chemistry answer: Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. question: Question: What is it called when two waves combine to create a larger wave? Answer: constructive interference answer:
Constructive interference occurs when two waves combine to create a larger wave. This occurs when the peaks of two waves line up.
9
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Detailed Instructions: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. See one example below: Problem: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Problem: Question: How many orders of magnitudes bigger is the electric force? Answer: 39 Solution:
and . The electric force is 39 orders of magnitudes bigger.
4
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [Q]: Question: What cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction? Answer: matter [A]: Law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions. [Q]: Question: What is the second most common type of cancer in both men and women? Answer: lung [A]: In both men and women, the second most common type of cancer is lung cancer. Most cases of lung cancer develop in people who smoke. [Q]: Question: What type of simple inheritance is too simplified to explain most human traits? Answer: mendelian [A]:
Most human traits have more complex modes of inheritance than simple Mendelian inheritance. For example, the traits may be controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes.
5
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
instruction: Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. question: Question: What are the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place? Answer: alveoli answer: Alveoli are tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. question: Question: The yellowstone hot spot is a famous example of a what? Answer: continental hot spot answer: Hot spots are found within continents, but not as commonly as within oceans. The Yellowstone hot spot is a famous example of a continental hot spot. question: Question: What harmful substance must not be drained into s storm sewer? Answer: motor oil answer:
People may dispose of harmful substances incorrectly. For example, motor oil must not be drained into a storm sewer.
9
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example input: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Example output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Example explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: How many underlying principles does the science of biology have? Answer: four A:
Four underlying principles form the basis of biology. They are cell theory, gene theory, homeostasis, and evolution.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example Input: Question: Alterations that change chromosome structure are known as? Answer: mutations Example Output: Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. Example Input: Question: Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma particles are major types of what? Answer: radioactivity Example Output: The major types of radioactivity include alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Example Input: Question: If a fixed amount of gas maintains a perfectly inversely proportional relationship between volume and pressure, then what else must be constant about the gas? Answer: temperature Example Output:
For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to its pressure.
3
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Solution is here: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Explanation: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Now, solve this: Question: What form does formaldehyde take at room temperature? Answer: gas Solution:
Formaldehyde is a gas at room temperature. Acetaldehyde boils at 20°C; in an open vessel, it boils away in a warm room. Most other common aldehydes are liquids at room temperature.
6
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. [EX Q]: Question: What mineral is made of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms? Answer: quartz [EX A]: 5. Quartz is made of one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms. If you find a mineral and find that it is made of one silicon atom and one oxygen atom is it quartz?. [EX Q]: Question: The number of electrons in the outer energy level determines what property of nonmetals? Answer: reactivity [EX A]: Some nonmetals are very reactive, whereas others are not reactive at all. It depends on the number of electrons in their outer energy level. [EX Q]: Question: Which part of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks? Answer: the focus [EX A]:
The focus of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks. The epicenter is the point at the surface just above the focus.
6
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Let me give you an example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series The answer to this example can be: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Here is why: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact OK. solve this: Question: What occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate? Answer: anaerobic respiration Answer:
Phil Roeder. Anaerobic respiration occurs if oxygen cannot be obtained at a sufficient rate . CC-BY 2.0.
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NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. -------- Question: Question: A can of warm soda will fizz more because increasing the temperature decreases the what of a gas? Answer: solubility Answer: A: A can of warm soda will fizz more because increasing the temperature decreases the solubility of a gas. Therefore, less carbon dioxide can remain dissolved in warm soda than in cold soda. Question: Question: As a polycrystalline material solidifies, grains with irregular shapes form. the interfaces between grains constitute grain what? Answer: boundaries Answer: Grain boundaries. As a polycrystalline material solidifies, grains with irregular shapes form. The interfaces between grains constitute grain boundaries. (Squares represent unit cells within grains. Question: Question: What gas is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned? Answer: co2 Answer:
Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing. Fossil fuel burning is increasing. The rise in fossil fuel burning is increasing the CO 2 in the atmosphere.
7
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. One example is below. Q: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series A: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. Rationale: This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact Q: Question: What gas is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned? Answer: co2 A:
Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing. Fossil fuel burning is increasing. The rise in fossil fuel burning is increasing the CO 2 in the atmosphere.
9
NIv2
task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question. Example: Question: What term refers to a list of the elements that will replace the ones below them in single-replacement reactions? Answer: activity series Output: A list called the activity series does the same thing the periodic table does for halogens: it lists the elements that will replace elements below them in single-replacement reactions. This is a valid supporting statement since it connects both the answers and question to generate the supporting fact New input case for you: Question: Which is the largest planet in our solar system? Answer: jupiter Output:
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
fs_opt
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