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Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Soon after the original study was published, other researchers tried to replicate the research. However, it could not be replicated. No other studies could find a link between the vaccine and autism. As a result, scientists became convinced that... | Forest | 8 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: I read this background article the other day: As a star begins to run low on hydrogen, since the initial quantity has been fused into the denser helium gas, the core will contract due to gravity. The collapsing core increases temperature to the point that the star can begin to fuse helium into carbon. When that happ... | parcel A | 2 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: I read this background article the other day: When the temperature of reactants is higher, the rate of the reaction is faster. At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. As a result, they are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater forc... | Low lake | 9 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: I read this background article the other day: Cholesterol has been implicated in heart disease for decades. Atherosclerosis is a disorder of the arteries in which cholesterol and other materials are deposited on the interior of the arterial wall. These deposits lead to the formation of plaques that can restri... | case E | 3 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: I read this background article the other day: Changes of state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas occur when matter gains energy. The energy allows individual molecules to separate and move apart from one another. It takes more energy to bring about these changes of state for polar molecules. A... | Tom's | 9 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over... | less | 5 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
I read this background article the other day: A baby is born with zones of cartilage in its bones that allow growth of the bones. These areas, called growth plates , allow the bones to grow longer as the child grows. By the time the child reaches an age of about 18 to 25 years, all of the cartilage in the growth plate ... | Albania | 1 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: Solar radiation (or sunlight) is the energy Earth receives from the Sun. Earth also emits radiation back into space, but at longer wavelengths that we cannot see. Part of the incoming and emitted radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere. In M... | Berg | 6 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: The Figure below shows decibel levels of several different sounds. As decibel levels get higher, sound waves have greater intensity and sounds are louder. For every 10-decibel increase in the intensity of sound, loudness is 10 times greater. Therefore, a 30-decibel “qu... | Bell | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: I read this background article the other day: While people have been able to prevent certain viral diseases by vaccinations for many hundreds of years, the development of antiviral drugs to treat viral diseases is a relatively recent development. Antiviral drugs are medications used specifically for treating ... | reservoir A | 3 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: I read this background article the other day: The above example shows how science generally advances. New evidence is usually used to improve earlier ideas rather than entirely replace them. In this way, scientists gradually refine their ideas and increase our understanding of the world. On the other hand, so... | John | 3 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Q: I read this background article the other day: During the 1670s, the Dutch tradesman Antony van Leeuwenhoek, shown in Figure below , used microscopes to observe many microbes and body cells. Leeuwenhoek developed an interest in microscopy and ground his own lenses to make simple microscopes. Leeuwenhoek was so good a... | preserved | 2 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Retinitis is inflammation of the retina in the eye, which can permanently damage the retina and lead to blindness. The retina is the part of your eye that is also known as the "sensing tissue." Retinitis may be caused by a number of different in... | Lake | 8 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
I read this background article the other day: Some of Antarctica has been warming up; particularly strong warming has been noted on the Antarctic Peninsula. A study by Eric Steig published in 2009 noted for the first time that the continent-wide average surface temperature trend of Antarctica is slightly positive at >0... | lower | 1 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: The Laffer curve depicts the amount of government revenue as a function of the rate of taxation. It shows that for a tax rate above a certain critical rate, government revenue starts decreasing as the tax rate rises, as a consequence of a decline in labo... | more likely | 6 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: I read this background article the other day: East Antarctica is colder than its western counterpart because of its higher elevation. Weather fronts rarely penetrate far into the continent, leaving the centre cold and dry. Despite the lack of precipitation over the central portion of the continent, ice there l... | group V | 7 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: I read this background article the other day: Millions of people in the world jog for exercise. For the most part, jogging can be a healthy way to stay fit. However, problems can also develop for those who jog in the heat. Excessive sweating can lead to electrolyte loss that could be life-threatening. Early sy... | increasing | 7 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: The Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil from the oil sands in Alberta, Canada. The oil would travel into the United States. In the U.S. it would be refined. The pipeline is controversial. A leak could cause damage to wildlife habitat... | Madrigal | 5 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Chemical equilibrium was studied by French chemist Henri Le Châtelier (1850-1936), and his description of how a system at equilibrium responds to a change in conditions has become known as Le Châtelier’s principle . This principle states that when a chemical system is ... | forest A | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: They feed on living hosts. As parasites , fungi live in or on other organisms and get their nutrients from their host. Parasitic fungi use enzymes to break down living tissue, which may causes illness in the host. Disease-causing fungi are parasitic. Recall that parasi... | Tim | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: I read this background article the other day: Hepatitis viruses can develop into a chronic viral infection that leads to liver cancer. Infection by human T-lymphotropic virus can lead to tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukaemia. Human papillomaviruses are an established cause of cancers o... | Surfer beach | 9 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hem... | Greece | 6 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
I read this background article the other day: Law enforcement officers are often unfamiliar with information technology, and so lack the skills and interest in pursuing attackers. There are also budgetary constraints. It has been argued that the high cost of technology, such as DNA testing, and improved forensics mean ... | Ans: Bean | 0 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: An optimal decision is a decision that leads to at least as good a known or expected outcome as all other available decision options. It is an important concept in decision theory. In order to compare the different decision outcomes, one commonly assigns... | patient B | 6 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
I read this background article the other day: Look at the police car in Figure below . The sound waves from its siren travel outward in all directions. Because the car is racing forward (toward the right), the sound waves get bunched up in front of the car and spread out behind it. As the car approaches the person on t... | this spring | 1 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Extending the period of time over which a force acts in order to lessen the force is a common practice in design. Padding in shoes and seats allows the time to increase. The front of automobiles are designed to crumple in an accident; this increases the time the car ta... | case A | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: Compared to conventional milk production, organic milk production tends to have lower eutrophication potential per ton of milk or per hectare of farmland, because it potentially reduces leaching of nitrates (NO3−) and phosphates (PO4−) du... | region A | 5 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: I read this background article the other day: During the Cold War, the Arctic became a place where the United States, Canada, and the Soviet Union performed significant research that has been essential to the study of climate change in recent years. A major reason why research in the Arctic is essential for th... | Italy | 7 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: I read this background article the other day: Human beings invented agriculture about 10,000 years ago. This provided a bigger, more dependable food supply. It also allowed people to settle down in villages and cities for the first time. Birth rates went up because there was more food and settled life had othe... | August 2019 | 7 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
I read this background article the other day: Einstein showed in his thought experiments that people travelling at different speeds, while agreeing on cause and effect, measure different time separations between events, and can even observe different chronological orderings between non-causally related events. Though t... | Tom | 1 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: Blood vessels help regulate body processes by either constricting (becoming narrower) or dilating (becoming wider). These actions occur in response to signals from the autonomic nervous system or the endocrine system. Constriction occurs when th... | Davin | 8 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input question: I read this background article the other day: Gasoline-powered vehicles emit a lot of harmful materials. Nitrogen oxides are formed when atmospheric nitrogen reacts with oxygen at the high temperatures found in a car engine. Carbon monoxide is a by-product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Evapo... | Anthill | 9 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: Unfortunately, the layer of good ozone is being destroyed by air pollution. The chief culprits are chlorine and bromine gases. They are released in aerosol sprays, coolants, and other products. Loss of ozone has created an ozone hole over... | decrease | 5 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
input: Please answer the following: I read this background article the other day: The dangers of global warming are being increasingly studied by a wide global consortium of scientists. These scientists are increasingly concerned about the potential long-term effects of global warming on our natural environment and on ... | Grayville | 5 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Middle adulthood lasts from the mid-30s to the mid-60s. During this stage of life, many people raise a family and strive to attain career goals. They start showing physical signs of aging, such as wrinkles and gray hair. Typically, vision, strength and reaction time st... | Team A | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Generally, nearsightedness first occurs in school-age children. There is some evidence that myopia is inherited. If one or both of your parents need glasses, there is an increased chance that you will too. Individuals who spend a lot of time reading, working or playing... | Nigeria | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: An allergy is a disease in which the immune system makes an inflammatory response to a harmless antigen . Any antigen that causes an allergy is called an allergen. Allergens may be inhaled or ingested, or they may come into contact with the skin... | Tim | 8 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Please answer this: I read this background article the other day: Water stratification is when water masses with different properties - salinity (halocline), oxygenation (chemocline), density (pycnocline), temperature (thermocline) - form layers that act as barriers to water mixing which could lead to anoxia or euxinia... | Deep lake | 6 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Problem: Given the question: I read this background article the other day: At the end of the Proterozoic, the supercontinent Pannotia had broken apart into the smaller continents Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia and Gondwana. During periods when continents move apart, more oceanic crust is formed by volcanic activity. Becau... | Bill | 8 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
[Q]: I read this background article the other day: Candied fruit, also known as crystallized fruit or glacé fruit, has existed since the 14th century. Whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel, are placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually preserves it. ... | peaches | 4 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
Question: I read this background article the other day: Once again, a mutation is the change in the DNA or RNA sequence. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germline mutations and somatic mutations. Germline mutations occur in the DNA of sex cells, or gametes, and are therefore potentially very... | Lori | 3 | P3 | ropes_read_background_situation | fs_noopt |
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