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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Descending fibers from the cerebrum have branches that connect to neurons in the pons. Those neurons project into the cerebellum, providing a copy of motor commands sent to the spinal cord. Sensory information from the periphery, which enters through spinal or cranial nerves, is copied to a nucleus in the medulla known as the inferior olive. Fibers from this nucleus enter the cerebellum and are compared with the descending commands from the cerebrum. If the primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe sends a command down to the spinal cord to initiate walking, a copy of that instruction is sent to the cerebellum. Sensory feedback from the muscles and joints, proprioceptive information about the movements of walking, and sensations of balance are sent to the cerebellum through the inferior olive and the cerebellum compares them. If walking is not coordinated, perhaps because the ground is uneven or a strong wind is blowing, then the cerebellum sends out a. Q: Descending fibers from the cerebrum have branches that connect to neurons in the pons. those neurons project into the cerebellum, providing a copy of motor commands sent to this? Choices: - neurotransmitters - umbilical cord - cerebral cortex - spinal cord A:
Ans:spinal cord
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 26.30 Spherical aberration is caused by rays focusing at different distances from the lens. Q: What is it called when rays focus at different distances from the lens? Choices: - constant aberration - carbon aberration - angular aberration - spherical aberration A:
Ans:spherical aberration
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Law of Refraction Figure 25.12 shows how a ray of light changes direction when it passes from one medium to another. As before, the angles are measured relative to a perpendicular to the surface at the point where the light ray crosses it. (Some of the incident light will be reflected from the surface, but for now we will concentrate on the light that is transmitted. ) The change in direction of the light ray depends on how the speed of light changes. The change in the speed of light is related to the indices of refraction of the media involved. In the situations shown in Figure 25.12, medium 2 has a greater index of refraction than medium 1. This means that the speed of light is less in medium 2 than in medium 1. Note that as shown in Figure 25.12(a), the direction of the ray moves closer to the perpendicular when it slows down. Conversely, as shown in Figure 25.12(b), the direction of the ray moves away from the perpendicular when it speeds up. The path is exactly reversible. In both cases, you can imagine what happens by thinking about pushing a lawn mower from a footpath onto grass, and vice versa. Going from the footpath to grass, the front wheels are slowed and pulled to the side as shown. This is the same change in direction as for light when it goes from a fast medium to a slow one. When going from the grass to the footpath, the front wheels can move faster and the mower changes direction as shown. This, too, is the same change in direction as for light going from slow to fast. Q: What law explains how the change in direction of the light ray depends on how the speed of light changes, which in turn is related to the indices of refraction of the media involved? Choices: - Boyle's law - Born's law - Newton's first law - law of refraction A:
Ans:law of refraction
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cooling and crystallization. Deep within the Earth, temperatures can get hot enough to create magma. As magma cools, crystals grow, forming an igneous rock. The crystals grow larger if the magma cools slowly, as it does if it remains deep within the Earth. If the magma cools quickly, the crystals will be very small. When crystals form from magma it is called crystallization . Q: What is it called when crystals form from magma? Choices: - sedimentation - transpiration - vulcanism - crystallization A:
Ans: | crystallization
----- | 9 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Astronomers use imaging satellites to study and make maps of the Moon and other planets. Q: What are used to make maps of the moon and other planets? Choices: - radio telescopes - topographical charts - rendering satellites - imaging satellites A:
(A).
imaging satellites
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Organisms interact with each other and what else? Choices: - thermal environment - atmospheric environment - outside enviroment - physical environment A:
(A).
physical environment
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carboxylic acids are weak acids (see the chapter on acids and bases), meaning they are not 100% ionized in water. Generally only about 1% of the molecules of a carboxylic acid dissolved in water are ionized at any given time. The remaining molecules are undissociated in solution. We prepare carboxylic acids by the oxidation of aldehydes or alcohols whose –OH functional group is located on the carbon atom at the end of the chain of carbon atoms in the alcohol:. Q: Carboxylic acids are weak acids, meaning they are not 100% ionized in what? Choices: - air - ethanol - liquid - water A:
(A).
| water | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Nuclear power is a controversial subject in California and most other places. Nuclear power has no pollutants including no carbon emissions. However, power plants are not always safe. The long-term disposal of wastes is a problem that has not yet been solved. The future of nuclear power is murky. Find out more at: http://science. kqed. org/quest/audio/new-nuclear/. Q: What kind of power does not produce any pollutants, but produces waste that can be difficult to dispose of? Choices: - electrical - biofuel - solar - nuclear A:
nuclear
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of solutes through integral membrane transport proteins. Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport . Even though facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins (and is essentially a transport process), it can still be considered passive transport because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient, and no input of energy is required. Facilitated diffusion utilizes proteins known as uniporters. A uniporter can be either a channel protein or a carrier protein. Q: Because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient, and no input of energy is required, facilitated diffusion is considered what type of transport? Choices: - active - neutral - adaptive - passive A:
passive
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Synaptic connections can change over time depending on what? Choices: - weight - diet - age - activity level A:
activity level
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The star constellation “Orion, The Hunter”. Orion is one of the most beautiful of all constellations, and one of the easiest to find. It looks like a large (slightly twisted) rectangle high in winter's south-southeastern sky. Two of the brightest stars in the evening sky lie at opposite corners of the rectangle: bright orange-red Betelgeuse at the northeastern corner (upper left in the photo) and even brighter Rigel at the southwest (lower right in the photo). Betelgeuse is at least 300 times the Sun's diameter, and perhaps much more. It puts out about 100,000 times more energy than the Sun does. When Betelgeuse dies, it will create a fireball that will briefly outshine billions of normal stars. Betelgeuse is a red giant and Rigel is a blue giant. Q: Which constellation looks like a rectangle high in winter's south-southeastern sky? Choices: - Caelum - Apus - Andromeda - orion A:
| orion
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plant-like protists are called algae. They include single-celled diatoms and multicellular seaweed. Like plants, they contain chlorophyll and make food by photosynthesis. Types of algae include red and green algae, euglenids, and dinoflagellates. Q: Plant-like protists are called what? Choices: - bacterium - sponge - yeasts - algae A:
Answer: algae
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: How Hormones Work Hormones cause changes in target cells by binding to specific cell-surface or intracellular hormone receptors, molecules embedded in the cell membrane or floating in the cytoplasm with a binding site that matches a binding site on the hormone molecule. In this way, even though hormones circulate throughout the body and come into contact with many different cell types, they only affect cells that possess the necessary receptors. Receptors for a specific hormone may be found on or in many different cells or may be limited to a small number of specialized cells. For example, thyroid hormones act on many different tissue types, stimulating metabolic activity throughout the body. Cells can have many receptors for the. Q: Although what biochemicals circulate throughout the body and come into contact with many different cell types, they only affect cells that possess the necessary receptors? Choices: - Cells - organs - enzymes - hormones A:
Answer: hormones
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism Metabolic enzymes catalyze catabolic reactions that break down carbohydrates contained in food. The energy released is used to power the cells and systems that make up your body. Excess or unutilized energy is stored as fat or glycogen for later use. Carbohydrate metabolism begins in the mouth, where the enzyme salivary amylase begins to break down complex sugars into monosaccharides. These can then be transported across the intestinal membrane into the bloodstream and then to body tissues. In the cells, glucose, a six-carbon sugar, is processed through a sequence of reactions into smaller sugars, and the energy stored inside the molecule is released. The first step of carbohydrate catabolism is glycolysis, which produces pyruvate, NADH, and ATP. Under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate can be converted into lactate to keep glycolysis working. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. In addition to ATP, the Krebs cycle produces high-energy FADH2 and NADH molecules, which provide electrons to the oxidative phosphorylation process that generates more high-energy ATP molecules. For each molecule of glucose that is processed in glycolysis, a net of 36 ATPs can be created by aerobic respiration. Under anaerobic conditions, ATP production is limited to those generated by glycolysis. While a total of four ATPs are produced by glycolysis, two are needed to begin glycolysis, so there is a net yield of two ATP molecules. In conditions of low glucose, such as fasting, starvation, or low carbohydrate diets, glucose can be synthesized from lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, alanine, or glutamate. This process, called gluconeogenesis, is almost the reverse of glycolysis and serves to create glucose molecules for glucose-dependent organs, such as the brain, when glucose levels fall below normal. Q: Metabolic enzymes catalyze catabolic reactions that break down what? Choices: - proteins - lipids - impurities - carbohydrates A:
Answer: | carbohydrates | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vinegar is primarily an aqueous solution of acetic acid. Commercial vinegar typically contains 5.0 g of acetic acid in 95.0 g of water. What is the concentration of commercial vinegar? If only 3.1% of the acetic acid −. Q: Pairs of fish that do not practice broadcast what may exhibit courtship behavior? Choices: - migration - feeding - inheritance - spawning A:
(Answer)
spawning
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hyphae : These are thread-like strands which interconnect and bunch up into a mycelium ( Figure below ). Ever see mold on a damp wall or on old bread? The things that you are seeing are really mycelia. The hyphae and mycelia help the fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms. Most of the mycelium is hidden from view deep within the fungal food source, such as rotting matter in the soil, leaf litter, rotting wood, or dead animals. Fungi produce enzymes to digest cellulose and various other materials found in rotting matter, helping with the decaying process. Q: What helps fungus digest cellulose and other materials found in rotting matter? Choices: - carbohydrates - hormones - soil - enzymes A:
(Answer)
enzymes
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood toward the lungs, where it receives oxygen. Q: The right ventricle pumps what type of blood toward the lungs? Choices: - plasma - oxygenated - oxygen-rich - oxygen-poor A:
(Answer)
| oxygen-poor | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Recall that the four different sublevels (s, p, d, and f) each consist of a different number of orbitals. The s sublevel has one orbital, the p sublevel has three orbitals, the d sublevel has five orbitals, and the f sublevel has seven orbitals. In the first period, only the 1s sublevel is being filled. Since all orbitals can hold two electrons, the entire first period consists of just two elements. In the second period, the 2s sublevel, with two electrons, and the 2p sublevel, with six electrons, are being filled. Consequently, the second period contains eight elements. The third period is similar to the second, except the 3s and 3p sublevels are being filled. Because the 3d sublevel does not fill until after the 4s sublevel, the fourth period contains 18 elements, due to the 10 additional electrons that can be accommodated by the 3d orbitals. The fifth period is similar to the fourth. After the 6s sublevel fills, the 4f sublevel is populated with up to 14 electrons. This is followed by the 5d and the 6p sublevels. The total number of elements in the sixth period is 32. The seventh period also contains 32 elements, most of which are too unstable to be found in nature. All 32 have been detected or synthesized, although for some of the later elements in this period, only a handful of atoms have ever been made. Q: All members of a species living together form a what? Choices: - family - group - organization - population A:
population
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots upward to the leaves. Q: What type of plant tissue transports water and dissolved mineral upward to the leaves? Choices: - collagen - ectoderm - phloem - xylem A:
xylem
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Another major step in animal evolution was the evolution of a notochord. A notochord is a rigid rod that runs the length of the body. It supports the body and gives it shape (see Figure below ). It also provides a place for muscles to anchor, and counterbalances them when they contract. Animals with a notochord are called chordates. They also have a hollow nerve cord that runs along the top of the body. Gill slits and a tail are two other chordate features. Many modern chordates have some of these structures only as embryos. Q: A major step in animal evolution was the evolution of what rigid rod that runs the length of the body? Choices: - limbic system - endoderm - mitochondria - notochord A:
notochord
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: As the tectonic plates move above a hot spot, they form a chain of volcanoes. The islands of Hawaii formed over a hot spot in the middle of the Pacific plate. The Hawaii hot spot has been active for tens of millions of years. The volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands formed at this hot spot. Older volcanoes that formed at the hot spot have eroded below sea level. These are called the Emperor Seamounts. Q: What forms when tectonic plates move above a hot spot? Choices: - earthquake chain - volcanic system - volcanic setting - volcanic chain A:
| volcanic chain
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: When wood burns, it changes to ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. You can see ashes in the wood fire pictured here. The gases are invisible. Q: What is the primary gas produced from burning of wood? Choices: - liquid dioxide - Hydrogen Dioxide - toxic dioxide - carbon dioxide A:
carbon dioxide
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The simplest organic compounds are those composed of only two elements: carbon and hydrogen. These compounds are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons themselves are separated into two types: aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons based on chains of C atoms. There are three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one C–C double bond, and alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a C–C triple bond. Occasionally, we find an aliphatic hydrocarbon with a ring of C atoms; these hydrocarbons are calledcycloalkanes (or cycloalkenes or cycloalkynes). Aromatic hydrocarbons have a special six-carbon ring called a benzene ring. Electrons in the benzene ring have special energetic properties that give benzene physical and chemical properties that are markedly different from alkanes. Originally, the term aromatic was used to describe this class of compounds because they were particularly fragrant. However, in modern chemistry the term aromatic denotes the presence of a six-membered ring that imparts different and unique properties to a molecule. The simplest alkanes have their C atoms bonded in a straight chain; these are callednormal alkanes. They are named according to the number of C atoms in the chain. The smallest alkane is methane:. Q: The simplest organic compounds have hydrogen and what else? Choices: - sodium - oxygen - nitrogen - carbon A:
carbon
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of alkanes . The name of specific alkanes always ends in - ane . The first part of the name indicates how many carbon atoms each molecule of the alkane has. The smallest alkane is methane. It has just one carbon atom. The next largest is ethane, with two carbon atoms. The chemical formulas and properties of methane, ethane, and several other alkanes are listed in Table below . The boiling and melting points of alkanes are determined mainly by the number of carbon atoms they have. Alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points. Q: What is the general name for saturated hydrocarbons? Choices: - petrolatums - enzymes - halides - alkanes A:
alkanes
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Moving air, like moving water, causes erosion. Moving air is called wind. Q: What is moving air called? Choices: - steam - clouds - humidity - wind A:
| wind | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ionic substances dissociate into ions when they dissolve in water, but most molecular substances do not. Q: What substances dissociate into ions when dissolved in water? Choices: - isotopes - magnetic - solvent - ionic A:
Ans: ionic
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Upon entering the vestibular canal, the pressure waves push down on what duct? Choices: - the regrowth - the implant - the bile - the cochlear A:
Ans: the cochlear
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In catalysis, if a molecule forms strong bonds to the catalyst, then the catalyst may become poisoned. Experiments on various catalysts showed the following results: a. Fe, Ru, and Os form weak bonds with N2; however, O2, alkynes, alkenes, CO, H2, and CO2 interact more strongly. CO2 and H2 form weak bonds with a Co or Ni surface. Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt form weak bonds with H2 but do not bond with CO2. Cu, Ag, and Au form weak bonds with CO and ethylene. Explain why Fe was chosen as a catalyst to convert nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia. Why is Fe more suitable than Ru or Os? f. Because alkenes generally interact more strongly with metal surfaces than does H 2, what catalyst would you choose for hydrogenation of an alkene such as ethylene? g. Although platinum is used in catalytic converters for automobile exhaust, it was not found to be a particularly effective catalyst for the reaction of H2 with a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to produce methane. Why? h. If you were interested in developing a catalyst to reversibly bind ethylene, which of the catalysts listed here would you choose? 14. Nonstoichiometric metal oxides can be effective catalysts for oxidation–reduction reactions. One such catalyst is Ni1−xO, found to be effective for converting CO to CO2when oxygen is present. Why is it so effective? 15. The chemical reactions in an organism can be controlled by regulating the activity of certain enzymes. Efficient regulation results in an enzyme being active only when it is needed. For example, if a cell needed. Q: What happens if a molecule forms strong bonds to the catalyst? Choices: - molecules gets poisoned - surface gets poisoned - membrane gets poisoned - catalyst gets poisoned A:
Ans: catalyst gets poisoned
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Excretion is any process in which excess water or wastes are removed from the body. Excretion is the job of the excretory system. Besides the kidneys, other organs of excretion include the large intestine, liver, skin and lungs. Q: What is the process whereby excess water and waste is removed from the body? Choices: - filtration - diffusion - exhalation - excretion A:
Ans: | excretion | 7 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemists need to be concerned with the rates at which chemical reactions occur. Rate is another word for speed. If a sprinter takes 11.0 s to run a 100 m dash, his rate or speed is given by the distance traveled divided by the time. Q: Distance traveled divided by time yields what measurement, which is another word used to describe the speed of a chemical reaction? Choices: - flow - displacement - acceleration - rate A:
Ans:rate
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is the largest and most complex algae Choices: - open algae - green algae - strange algae - brown algae A:
Ans:brown algae
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Macroevolution occurs when microevolution takes place over a long period of time. Types of macroevolution include speciation, convergent evolution, and coevolution. Q: Speciation, convergent evolution, and coevolution are types of what process? Choices: - devolution - systemic evolution - microevolution - macroevolution A:
Ans:macroevolution
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and what? Choices: - prolongation - separation - degradation - termination A:
Ans: | termination
----- | 9 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Earth’s atmosphere is vital to life. The atmosphere provides the oxygen and carbon dioxide living things need for photosynthesis and respiration. Living things also need the ozone layer high in the atmosphere. Upper level ozone protects them from most of the Sun’s harmful UV rays. Q: What layer high in the atmosphere protects living things from most of the sun’s harmful uv rays? Choices: - Mesosphere - troposphere - stratosphere - ozone layer A:
ozone layer
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In artificial passive immunization, which items from an immune animal are injected into a nonimmune animal? Choices: - parasites - platelets - allergies - antibodies A:
antibodies
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Salts are important in maintaining what balance of the blood? Choices: - kinetic - homeostasis - pulmonary - osmotic A:
| osmotic | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Creep usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently. Soil and rock particles are lifted up when the ground freezes. When the ground thaws, the particles settle down again. Each time they settle down, they move a tiny bit farther down the slope because of gravity. Q: Creep, which usually takes place where the ground freezes and thaws frequently, involves movement of particles due to what force? Choices: - friction - wind - normal - gravity A:
gravity
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The cell membrane also decides what may enter or leave a cell. The membrane is said to be semipermeable or selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions and organic molecules to cross the membrane. The plasma membrane contain many proteins, as well as other lipids called sterols. The proteins have various functions, such as channels (channel proteins) that allow certain molecules into the cell, and receptors (receptor proteins) that bind to signal molecules. In Figure above , the smaller (green) molecules shown between the phospholipids are cholesterol molecules. Cholesterol helps keep the plasma membrane firm and stable over a wide range of temperatures. At least ten different types of lipids are commonly found in plasma membranes. Each type of cell or organelle will have a different percentage of each lipid, protein and carbohydrate. Q: What decides what may enter or leave a cell? Choices: - nucleus - cell wall - golgi apparatus - cell membrane A:
cell membrane
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Leucoplasts are plastids that store substances such as starch or make small molecules such as amino acids. Q: Amino acids are made by which kind of plastid? Choices: - neuroplasts - glucoplasts - sporozoans - leucoplasts A:
leucoplasts
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sperm are male gametes, or reproductive cells. Sperm form when certain cells in the male reproductive system divide by meiosis to form haploid cells. Being haploid means they have half the number of chromosomes of other cells in the body. An adult male may produce millions of sperm each day!. Q: What type of cells are gametes? Choices: - cardiac - immune - proteins - reproductive A:
| reproductive
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Most preserved remains are hard parts, such as teeth, bones, or shells. Examples of these kinds of fossils are pictured in Figure below . Preserved traces can include footprints, burrows, or even wastes. Examples of trace fossils are also shown in Figure below . Q: Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past are known as what? Choices: - archives - deposits - skulls - fossils A:
Answer: fossils
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sunspots occur in pairs. Each is one side of a loop of the Sun's magnetic field on the Sun's surface. Sunspots come and go on an 11-year cycle. Q: In which way do sunspots occur? Choices: - by themselves - in fours - in threes - in pairs A:
Answer: in pairs
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Proteins have different shapes and molecular weights; some proteins are globular in shape whereas others are fibrous in nature. For example, hemoglobin is a globular protein, but collagen, found in our skin, is a fibrous protein. Protein shape is critical to its function, and this shape is maintained by many different types of chemical bonds. Changes in temperature, pH, and exposure to chemicals may lead to permanent changes in the shape of the protein, leading to loss of function, known as denaturation. All proteins are made up of different arrangements of the same 20 types of amino acids. Q: Changes in temperature, ph, and exposure to chemicals may lead to permanent changes in the shape of a protein, leading to loss of function known as what? Choices: - digestion - fermentation - bioturbation - denaturation A:
Answer: | denaturation | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Pressure, volume, and temperature are related by the combined gas law. Q: Pressure, volume, and temperature are related by which law? Choices: - Law of Conservation - law of inertia - Murphy's Law - gas law A:
gas law
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 40.4 | Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the system of blood flow through the body • Describe how blood pressure is regulated Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel that helps to push blood through the body. Systolic blood pressure measures the amount of pressure that blood exerts on vessels while the heart is beating. The optimal systolic blood pressure is 120 mmHg. Diastolic blood pressure measures the pressure in the vessels between heartbeats. The optimal diastolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg. Many factors can affect blood pressure, such as hormones, stress, exercise, eating, sitting, and standing. Blood flow through the body is regulated by the size of blood vessels, by the action of smooth muscle, by one-way valves, and by the fluid pressure of the blood itself. Q: What blood pressure reading measures the pressure in the vessels between heartbeats? Choices: - metabolic - plasma - systolic - diastolic A:
diastolic
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance Blood flow is the movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or organ. The slowing or blocking of blood flow is called resistance. Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels or chambers of the heart. The components of blood pressure include systolic pressure, which results from ventricular contraction, and diastolic pressure, which results from ventricular relaxation. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic measures, and mean arterial pressure is the “average” pressure of blood in the arterial system, driving blood into the tissues. Pulse, the expansion and recoiling of an artery, reflects the heartbeat. The variables affecting blood flow and blood pressure in the systemic circulation are cardiac output, compliance, blood volume, blood viscosity, and the length and diameter of the blood vessels. In the arterial system, vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the arterioles is a significant factor in systemic blood pressure: Slight vasodilation greatly decreases resistance and increases flow, whereas slight vasoconstriction greatly increases resistance and decreases flow. In the arterial system, as resistance increases, blood pressure increases and flow decreases. In the venous system, constriction increases blood pressure as it does in arteries; the increasing pressure helps to return blood to the heart. In addition, constriction causes the vessel lumen to become more rounded, decreasing resistance and increasing blood flow. Venoconstriction, while less important than arterial vasoconstriction, works with the skeletal muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and their valves to promote venous return to the heart. Q: The force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels or upon the chambers of the heart is known as blood what? Choices: - squeeze - push - vaccuum - pressure A:
pressure
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is the energy of motion called? Choices: - binary energy - potential energy - mixed energy - kinetic energy A:
| kinetic energy
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In everyday speech, the terms accuracy and precision are frequently used interchangeably. However, their scientific meanings are quite different. Accuracy is a measure of how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity being measured. Precision is a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another. Precise measurements are highly reproducible, even if the measurements are not near the correct value. Q: In contrast to precision, this term means how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity being measured? Choices: - diversity - frequency - deviant - accuracy A:
Answer: accuracy
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Water pollution happens when contaminants enter water bodies. Contaminants are any substances that harm the health of the environment or humans. Most contaminants enter the water because of humans. Surface water (river or lake) can be exposed to and contaminated by acid rain, storm water runoff, pesticide runoff, and industrial waste. This water is cleaned somewhat by exposure to sunlight, aeration, and microorganisms in the water. Groundwater (private wells and some public water supplies) generally takes longer to become contaminated, but the natural cleaning process also may take much longer. Groundwater can be contaminated by disease-producing pathogens, careless disposal of hazardous household chemical-containing products, agricultural chemicals, and leaking underground storage tanks. Q: What "kind" of water may take longer to become contaminated than surface water, while the natural cleaning process may take longer? Choices: - lake water - spring water - dam water - groundwater A:
Answer: groundwater
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Which type of muscle fiber can sustain long contractions? Choices: - fast fibres - intense fibers - direct fibers - slow fibers A:
Answer: | slow fibers | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is occasional chest pain known as? Choices: - cardiac arrest - arrhythmia - heart murmur - angina pectoris A:
angina pectoris
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: The white fluffy part of popcorn is also what? Choices: - phosphor - membrane - jiffy - endosperm A:
endosperm
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ecosystems require constant inputs of energy from sunlight or chemicals. Q: What do ecosystems require constant inputs of? Choices: - Water - fuel - heating - energy A:
energy
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: In some cases, a population of one species disperses throughout an area, and each finds a distinct niche or isolated habitat. Over time, the varied demands of their new lifestyles lead to multiple speciation events originating from a single species, which is called adaptive radiation. From one point of origin, many adaptations evolve causing the species to radiate into several new ones. Island archipelagos like the Hawaiian Islands provide an ideal context for adaptive radiation events because water surrounds each island, which leads to geographical isolation for many organisms (Figure 11.16). The Hawaiian honeycreeper illustrates one example of adaptive radiation. From a single species, called the founder species, numerous species have evolved, including the eight shown in Figure 11.16. Q: In adaptive radiation, what is the name of the initial species that then subsequently becomes multiple other ones? Choices: - pioneer - father - Mother - founder A:
| founder
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vertebrates have an excretory system that includes a pair of kidneys. Kidneys are organs that filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body. Q: What organs filter wastes from blood so they can be excreted from the body? Choices: - lungs - pancreas - liver - kidneys A:
(Answer)
kidneys
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Intrapleural pressure is the pressure of the air within the pleural cavity, between the visceral and parietal pleurae. Similar to intra-alveolar pressure, intrapleural pressure also changes during the different phases of breathing. However, due to certain characteristics of the lungs, the intrapleural pressure is always lower than, or negative to, the intra-alveolar pressure (and therefore also to atmospheric pressure). Although it fluctuates during inspiration and expiration, intrapleural pressure remains approximately –4 mm Hg throughout the breathing cycle. Competing forces within the thorax cause the formation of the negative intrapleural pressure. One of these forces relates to the elasticity of the lungs themselves—elastic tissue pulls the lungs inward, away from the thoracic wall. Surface tension of alveolar fluid, which is mostly water, also creates an inward pull of the lung tissue. This inward tension from the lungs is countered by opposing forces from the pleural fluid and thoracic wall. Surface tension within the pleural cavity pulls the lungs outward. Too much or too little pleural fluid would hinder the creation of the negative intrapleural pressure; therefore, the level must be closely monitored by the mesothelial cells and drained by the lymphatic system. Since the parietal pleura is attached to the thoracic wall, the natural elasticity of the chest wall opposes the inward pull of the lungs. Ultimately, the outward pull is slightly greater than the inward pull, creating the –4 mm Hg intrapleural pressure relative to the intraalveolar pressure. Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the intrapleural and intra-alveolar pressures, and it determines the size of the lungs. A higher transpulmonary pressure corresponds to a larger lung. Q: Surface tension of alveolar fluid, which is mostly water, creates an inward pull of the tissue of what organ? Choices: - spleen - brain - heart - lung A:
(Answer)
lung
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Organs are groups of what working together? Choices: - muscles - bones - tendons - tissues A:
(Answer)
| tissues | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Emphysema is a lung disease in which walls of the alveoli break down so less gas can be exchanged in the lungs (see Figure below ). This causes shortness of breath. The damage to the alveoli is usually caused by smoking and is irreversible. Q: What part of the body does emphysema affect? Choices: - bones - brain - heart - lungs A:
lungs
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Muscle tissue that is attached to bone is skeletal muscle . Whether you are blinking your eyes or running a marathon, you are using skeletal muscle. Contractions of skeletal muscle are voluntary, or under conscious control. When skeletal muscle contracts, bones move. Skeletal muscle is the most common type of muscle in the human body. Q: What is the most common type of muscle in the human body? Choices: - fetal - internal - digestive - skeletal A:
skeletal
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Force is a push or a pull acting on an object. Examples of force include friction and gravity. Force is a vector because it has both size and direction. The SI unit of force is the newton (N). Q: What is a push or a pull acting on an object? Choices: - pulse - energy - action - force A:
| force | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: An element is the basic chemical building block of matter; it is the simplest chemical substance. Q: What is the basic chemical building block of matter; it is the simplest chemical substance? Choices: - atoms - helium - hydrogen - element A:
Ans:element
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The target cell then needs to be able to recognize the signal. Chemical signals are received by the target cell on receptor proteins. Most receptor proteins are found associated with the plasma membrane, but some are also found inside the cell. Receptor proteins are very specific for only one particular signal molecule, much like a lock that recognizes only one key. Therefore, a cell has lots of receptor proteins to recognize the large number of cell signal molecules. There are three stages to sending and receiving a cell "message:" reception, transduction, and response. Q: Chemical signals are received by the target cell on what? Choices: - acidic proteins - inceptor proteins - parent proteins - receptor proteins A:
Ans:receptor proteins
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Edema may be accompanied by varicose veins, especially in the superficial veins of the legs (Figure 20.8). This disorder arises when defective valves allow blood to accumulate within the veins, causing them to distend, twist, and become visible on the surface of the integument. Varicose veins may occur in both sexes, but are more common in women and are often related to pregnancy. More than simple cosmetic blemishes, varicose veins are often painful and sometimes itchy or throbbing. Without treatment, they tend to grow worse over time. The use of support hose, as well as elevating the feet and legs whenever possible, may be helpful in alleviating this condition. Laser surgery and interventional radiologic procedures can reduce the size and severity of varicose veins. Severe cases may require conventional surgery to remove the damaged vessels. As there are typically redundant circulation patterns, that is,. Q: Wich disorder arises when defective valves allow blood to accumulate within the veins? Choices: - vascular disease - bulging veins - cataracts veins - varicose veins A:
Ans:varicose veins
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm come together to form a zygote. Q: Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm come together to form a what? Choices: - cell - infant - eukaryote - zygote A:
Ans: | zygote
----- | 9 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solids can be divided into amorphous solids and crystalline solids. Q: Solids can be divided into amorphous solids and which other group? Choices: - morphous solids - distinct solids - acrystalline solids - crystalline solids A:
crystalline solids
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A: Energy is released when an atom gains an electron. Halogens release the most energy when they form ions. As a result, they are very reactive elements. Q: What happens to energy when an atom gains an electron? Choices: - it is folded - it is used - it increases - it is released A:
it is released
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A proton is a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has a positive electric charge. All protons are identical. It is the number of protons that gives atoms of different elements their unique properties. Atoms of each type of element have a characteristic number of protons. For example, each atom of carbon has six protons, as you can see in Figure below . No two elements have atoms with the same number of protons. Q: Which particle of an atom has a positive electric charge? Choices: - electron - nutron - nucleus - proton A:
proton
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Starches are complex carbohydrates. They are polymers of glucose. Starches contain hundreds of glucose monomers. Plants make starches to store extra glucose. Consumers can get starches by eating plants. Common sources of starches in the human diet are pictured Figure below . Our digestive system breaks down starches to sugar, which our cells use for energy. Like other animals, we store any extra glucose as the complex carbohydrate called glycogen. Glycogen is also a polymer of glucose. Q: What do plants make to store extra glucose? Choices: - water - fats - sugars - starches A:
| starches
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many of the fibers that compose the materials for our clothes are naturally occurring. Silk and cotton are examples of natural fibers. Silk is produced by the silkworm, and cotton is grown as a plant. However, several chemical processes are used to treat silk thread so that it is shrink-resistant and will repel water. Chemical dyes are frequently used to color various fabrics. Cleaning requires special soaps or chemicals used to dry-clean materials. Cotton will grow better if the boll weevil (an insect that kills the plant) is eliminated with the use of specific insecticides. Ironing of cotton is made easier by the use of chemicals that produce a permanent press in the material. Q: Silk and cotton are examples of what type of fibers? Choices: - mechanical - artificial - coral - natural A:
(A).
natural
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: For a long time, scientists classified fungi as members of the Plant Kingdom. Fungi share several obvious traits with plants. For example, both fungi and plants lack the ability to move. Both grow in soil, and both have cell walls. Some fungi even look like plants. Q: What group of organisms was initially misclassified as plants because they also lack the ability to move, grow in soil, and have cell walls? Choices: - protozoa - algae - gymnosperm - fungi A:
(A).
fungi
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: In animal cells, what arises from the centrosomes and includes spindle microtubules and asters? Choices: - Golgi apparatus - ribosomes - DNA helix - the spindle A:
(A).
| the spindle | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 43.21 There is rapid fetal growth during the third trimester. (credit: modification of work by Gray’s Anatomy). Q: What trimester is associated with rapid fetal growth? Choices: - first trimester - fourth trimester - second trimester - third trimester A:
**Answer**
third trimester
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The human brain is an amazing organ. It is the most complex organ in the human body. By adulthood, the brain weighs about 3 pounds and consists of billions of neurons. All those cells need a lot of energy. In fact, the adult brain uses almost a quarter of the total energy used by the body!. Q: What is the most complex organ in the human body? Choices: - heart - liver - muscular - brain A:
**Answer**
brain
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants may not be able to move to another location, but they are able to change how they grow in response to their environment. Growth toward or away from a stimulus is known as a tropism ( Table below ). Auxins, a class of plant hormones, allow plants to curve in specific directions as they grow. The auxin moves to one side of the stem, where it starts a chain of events that cause rapid cell growth on just that one side of the stem. With one side of the stem growing faster than the other, the plant begins to bend. Q: What plant hormone allows plants to curve in a specific direction? Choices: - peptides - pheremone - apoptosis - auxin A:
**Answer**
auxin
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A: The copper has become tarnished. The tarnish—also called patina—is a compound called copper carbonate, which is green. Copper carbonate forms when copper undergoes a chemical reaction with carbon dioxide in moist air. The green patina that forms on copper actually preserves the underlying metal. That’s why it’s not removed from the statue. Some people also think that the patina looks attractive. Q: What compound gives tarnished copper it's green color? Choices: - bronze - zinc - brass - copper carbonate A:
**Answer**
| copper carbonate | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hair Growth Hair grows and is eventually shed and replaced by new hair. This occurs in three phases. The first is the anagen phase, during which cells divide rapidly at the root of the hair, pushing the hair shaft up and out. The length of this phase is measured in years, typically from 2 to 7 years. The catagen phase lasts only 2 to 3 weeks, and marks a transition from the hair follicle’s active growth. Finally, during the telogen phase, the hair follicle is at rest and no new growth occurs. At the end of this phase, which lasts about 2 to 4 months, another anagen phase begins. The basal cells in the hair matrix then produce a new hair follicle, which pushes the old hair out as the growth cycle repeats itself. Hair typically grows at the rate of 0.3 mm per day during the anagen phase. On average, 50 hairs are lost and replaced per day. Hair loss occurs if there is more hair shed than what is replaced and can happen due to hormonal or dietary changes. Hair loss can also result from the aging process, or the influence of hormones. Q: Anagen, catagen and telogen are phases in the growth of what, which involves the root and follicle? Choices: - brain - teeth - bone - hair A:
Ans:hair
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Explosive waste is likely to explode. The risk of explosion may be greater if the waste is mixed with other substances. Q: What type of waste is likely to explode? Choices: - liquid waste - mesh waste - solid waste - explosive waste A:
Ans:explosive waste
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Galileo’s Experiment Galileo is said to have dropped two objects of different masses from the Tower of Pisa. He measured how long it took each to reach the ground. Since stopwatches weren’t readily available, how do you think he measured their fall time? If the objects were the same size, but with different masses, what do you think he should have observed? Would this result be different if done on the Moon? PhET Explorations: Masses & Springs A realistic mass and spring laboratory. Hang masses from springs and adjust the spring stiffness and damping. You can even slow time. Transport the lab to different planets. A chart shows the kinetic, potential, and thermal energy for each spring. Q: Who is said to have dropped two objects of different masses from the tower of pisa? Choices: - darwin - copernicus - newton - galileo A:
Ans:galileo
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Denaturation and Protein Folding Each protein has its own unique sequence and shape that are held together by chemical interactions. If the protein is subject to changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals, the protein structure may change, losing its shape without losing its primary sequence in what is known as denaturation. Denaturation is often reversible because the primary structure of the polypeptide is conserved in the process if the denaturing agent is removed, allowing the protein to resume its function. Sometimes denaturation is irreversible, leading to loss of function. One example of irreversible protein denaturation is when an egg is fried. The albumin protein in the liquid egg white is denatured when placed in a hot pan. Not all proteins are denatured at high temperatures; for instance, bacteria that survive in hot springs have proteins that function at temperatures close to boiling. The stomach is also very acidic, has a low pH, and denatures proteins as part of the digestion process; however, the digestive enzymes of the stomach retain their activity under these conditions. Protein folding is critical to its function. It was originally thought that the proteins themselves were responsible for the folding process. Only recently was it found that often they receive assistance in the folding process from protein helpers known as chaperones (or chaperonins) that associate with the target protein during the folding process. They act by preventing aggregation of polypeptides that make up the complete protein structure, and they disassociate from the protein once the target protein is folded. Q: An example of irreversible denaturation of what substance occurs to the liquid albumin when an egg is fried? Choices: - bacterial - acids - liquid - protein A:
Ans: | protein
----- | 9 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Much less solar energy gets to the poles. Q: What parts of the planet does solar energy have difficulty reaching? Choices: - oceans - deserts - equators - poles A:
poles
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Membrane boundaries and capturing energy In which we consider how the aqueous nature of biological systems drives the formation of lipidbased barrier membranes and how such membranes are used to capture and store energy from the environment and chemical reactions. We consider how coupled reactions are used to drive macromolecular synthesis and growth. Defining the cell’s boundary A necessary step in the origin of life was the generation of a discrete barrier, a boundary layer, that serves to separate the living non-equilibrium reaction system from the rest of the universe. This boundary layer, the structural ancestor of the plasma membrane of modern cells, serves to maintain the integrity of the living system and mediates the movement of materials and energy into and out of the cell. Based on our current observations, the plasma membrane of all modern cells appears to be a homologous structure derived from a precursor present in the last common ancestor of life. So what is the structure of this barrier (plasma) membrane? How is it built and how does it work? When a new cell is formed its plasma membrane is derived from the plasma membrane of the progenitor cell. As the cell grows, new molecules must be added into the membrane to enable it to increase its surface area. Biological membranes are composed of two general classes of molecules, proteins (which we will discuss in much greater detail in the next section of the course) and lipids. It is worth noting explicitly here that, unlike a number of other types of molecules we will be considering, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, lipids are not a structurally coherent group, that is they do not have one particular basic structure. Structurally diverse molecules, such as cholesterol and phospholipids, are both considered lipids. While there is a relatively small set of common lipid types, there are many different lipids found in biological systems and the characterization of their structure and function(s) has led to a new area of... Q: All lipids have two distinct domains, a hydrophobic and a what? Choices: - hydroceptive - covalent - hydroaversive - hydrophilic A:
hydrophilic
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Note Today, new elements are usually named after famous scientists. The names of the elements can be cumbersome to write in full, especially when combined to form the names of compounds. Therefore, each element name is abbreviated as a one- or two-letter chemical symbol. By convention, the first letter of a chemical symbol is a capital letter, while the second letter (if there is one) is a lowercase letter. The first letter of the symbol is usually the first letter of the element’s name, while the second letter is some other letter from the name. Some elements have symbols that derive from earlier, mostly Latin names, so the symbols may not contain any letters from the English name. Table 2.3 "Element Names and Symbols" lists the names and symbols of some of the most familiar elements. Table 2.3 Element Names and Symbols. Q: Today, new elements are usually named after famous scientists. the names of the elements can be cumbersome to write in full, especially when combined to form the names of compounds. therefore, each element name is abbreviated as a one- or two-letter chemical this? Choices: - notation - title - shorthand - symbol A:
symbol
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Scientists use a quantity called __________ as a measure of disorder, or randomness. Choices: - chance level - motion - vector count - entropy A:
| entropy | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: milk of magnesia, pH = 10.5 2. pure water, pH = 7 3. wine, pH = 3.0. Q: What is the ph of pure water? Choices: - 5 - 4 - 2 - 7 A:
Answer: 7
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called flagella ( Figure below ). Flagella help bacteria move. As the flagella rotate, they spin the bacteria and propel them forward. It is often said the flagella looks like a tiny whip, propelling the bacteria forward. Though some eukaryotic cells do have a flagella, a flagella in eukaryotes is rare. Q: What type of cells are flagella rare in? Choices: - intracellular - cancer. - synthetic - eukaryotic A:
Answer: eukaryotic
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Organ system : Group of organs that work together to perform a certain function. Examples of organ systems in a human include the skeletal, nervous, and reproductive systems. Q: Examples of organ systems in a human include the skeletal, nervous, and what? Choices: - affecting systems - nervous systems - immune systems - reproductive systems A:
Answer: | reproductive systems | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The kidneys filter all the blood in the body many times each day and produce a total of about 1.5 liters of urine . The kidneys control the amount of water, ions, and other substances in the blood by excreting more or less of them in urine. The kidneys also secrete hormones that help maintain homeostasis. Erythropoietin , for example, is a kidney hormone that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells when more are needed. They also secrete renin, which regulates blood pressure, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which helps maintain calcium for bones. The kidneys themselves are also regulated by hormones. For example, antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the kidneys to produce more concentrated urine when the body is low on water. Q: Which organ in the human body filters blood and excretes urine? Choices: - the liver - the bladder - the thyroid - the kidney A:
the kidney
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Some metabolic pathways release what by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds? Choices: - fat - hydrogen - water - energy A:
energy
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like mitochondria, plastids contain their own DNA. Therefore, according to endosymbiotic theory, plastids may also have evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that invaded larger prokaryotic cells. If so, they allowed early eukaryotes to make food and produce oxygen. Q: Like mitochondria, plastids contain their own what? Choices: - riboflavin - bacteria - molecule - dna A:
| dna | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Karakoram Range is part of the Himalaya Mountains. K2, pictured here, is the second highest mountain the world at over 28,000 feet. The number and height of mountains is impressive. Q: What is the second highest mountain in the world, at over 28,000 feet? Choices: - pikes peak - makalu - everest - k2 A:
(A).
k2
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Encephalitis is a brain infection most often caused by viruses. The immune system tries to fight off a brain infection, just as it tries to fight off other infections. But sometimes this can do more harm than good. The immune system’s response may cause swelling in the brain. With no room to expand, the brain pushes against the skull. This may injure the brain and even cause death. Medicines can help fight some viral infections of the brain, but not all infections. Q: What is most often the cause of encephalitis? Choices: - parasites - bacterial infections - calcium buildup - viruses A:
(A).
viruses
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The device in the circuit in Figure above is an ammeter. It measures the current that flows through the wire. The faster the magnet or coil moves, the greater the amount of current that is produced. If more turns were added to the coil, this would increase the strength of the magnetic field as well. If the magnet were moved back and forth repeatedly, the current would keep changing direction. In other words, alternating current would be produced. This is illustrated in Figure below . Q: What device measures current that flows through wire? Choices: - protractor - resistor attachment - Geiger counter - ammeter A:
(A).
| ammeter | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants are complex organisms with tissues organized into organs. Q: Plants are complex organisms with tissues organized into what? Choices: - carbons - systems - families - organs A:
Ans: organs
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Air quality is a measure of the pollutants in air. Poor air quality started to become a serious problem during the Industrial Revolution. After 1900, motor vehicles added greatly to the problem. The Clean Air Act of 1970 improved the quality of the air over the U. S. Q: Air quality is a measure of what in the air? Choices: - nitrogen - precipitation - oxygen - pollutants A:
Ans: pollutants
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Helicopter pilots are quite familiar with rotational kinetic energy. They know, for example, that a point of no return will be reached if they allow their blades to slow below a critical angular velocity during flight. The blades lose lift, and it is impossible to immediately get the blades spinning fast enough to regain it. Rotational kinetic energy must be supplied to the blades to get them to rotate faster, and enough energy cannot be supplied in time to avoid a crash. Because of weight limitations, helicopter engines are too small to supply both the energy needed for lift and to replenish the rotational kinetic energy of the blades once they have slowed down. The rotational kinetic energy is put into them before takeoff and must not be allowed to drop below this crucial level. One possible way to avoid a crash is to use the gravitational potential energy of the helicopter to replenish the rotational kinetic energy of the blades by losing altitude and aligning the blades so that the helicopter is spun up in the descent. Of course, if the helicopter’s altitude is too low, then there is insufficient time for the blade to regain lift before reaching the ground. Problem-Solving Strategy for Rotational Energy 1. Determine that energy or work is involved in the rotation. Determine the system of interest. A sketch usually helps. Analyze the situation to determine the types of work and energy involved. For closed systems, mechanical energy is conserved. That is,. Q: Helicopter pilots can recover from piloting errors by decreasing altitude, turning some of their potential energy into what kind of energy? Choices: - electrical - free - active - kinetic A:
Ans: kinetic
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Each nitrogenous base has one or two rings that include which atoms? Choices: - oxygen - hydrogen - carbon - nitrogen A:
Ans: | nitrogen | 7 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some behaviors seem to be controlled solely by genes. Others appear to be due to experiences in a given environment. Whether behaviors are controlled mainly by genes or by the environment is often a matter of debate. This is called the nature-nurture debate . Nature refers to the genes an animal inherits. Nurture refers to the environment that the animal experiences. Q: What two words describe the debate over whether behaviors are caused by genetics or by environment? Choices: - kinetic and potential - positive and negative - dominant and recessive - nature and nurture A:
(A).
nature and nurture
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: If you’re like Tanya in this picture, you prefer your iced tea sweetened with sugar. Sweetened iced tea is a solution in which solid sugar (the solute) is dissolved in cold liquid tea, which is mostly water (the solvent). When you add sugar to tea, particles of water pull apart particles of sugar. The particles of sugar spread throughout the tea, making all of it taste sweet. Q: In a glass of sweet tea the sugar is known as the solute and the water is known as what? Choices: - pigment - solid - calcium - solvent A:
(A).
solvent
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mass Percentage Earlier in this chapter, we introduced percent composition as a measure of the relative amount of a given element in a compound. Percentages are also commonly used to express the composition of mixtures, including solutions. The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to the solution’s mass, expressed as a percentage: mass percentage =. Q: The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to ________? Choices: - enough ’ s mass - solvent's mass - liquid's mass - solution ’ s mass A:
(A).
| solution ’ s mass | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females. It occurs when cells in the breast grow out of control and form a tumor. Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older. Regular screening is recommended for most women starting around age 40. If found early, breast cancer usually can be cured with surgery. Q: What disease occurs when cells in the breast grow out of control and form a tumor? Choices: - adult breast growth - muscle cancer - muscular cyst - breast cancer A:
(A).
breast cancer
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning have been rising for the past several decades. Q: Emissions of what gas into the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning have been rising for the past several decades? Choices: - sulphur - oxygen - neon - carbon dioxide A:
(A).
carbon dioxide
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 34.3 Vertebrates are craniates that have a backbone. Q: What type of craniates have backbones? Choices: - juveniles - invertebrates - larva - vertebrates A:
(A).
| vertebrates | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Animals are multicellular eukaryotes in the Animal Kingdom. All animals are heterotrophs. They eat other living things because they can’t make their own food. All animals also have specialized cells that can do different jobs. Most animals have higher levels of organization as well. They may have specialized tissues, organs, and even organ systems. Having higher levels of organization allows animals to perform many complex functions. For a visual introduction to what makes a living thing an animal, watch this short video: https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=DXPhJUHooP8 . Q: All animals have specialized types of what basic structures, which can then do different jobs? Choices: - proteins - muscles - atoms - cells A:
cells
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Systemic communication through the phloem helps integrate the functions of the whole what? Choices: - bird - animal - insect - plant A:
plant
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Elements and Compounds Any sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout the sample is called a substance. There are two types of substances. A substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components is an element. Aluminum, which is used in soda cans, is an element. A substance that can be broken down into chemically simpler components (because it has more than one element) is acompound (Figure 1.2 "The General Steps of the Scientific Method"). Water is a compound composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. Today, there are about 118 elements in the known universe. In contrast, scientists have identified tens of millions of different compounds to date. Q: Any sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout the sample is called what? Choices: - element - molecule - type - substance A:
| substance | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sometimes two different minerals have the same chemical composition. But they are different minerals because they have different crystal structures. Diamonds are very valuable as gemstones because they are very pretty and very hard. Graphite is the “lead” in pencils. It's not hard at all! Amazingly, both are made just of carbon. Compare the diamond with the pencil lead ( Figure below ). Why are they so different? The carbon atoms in graphite bond to form layers. The bonds between each layer are weak. The carbon sheets can just slip past each other. The carbon atoms in diamonds bond together in all three directions. This strong network makes diamonds very hard. Q: Why are two different minerals considered different though they have the same chemical composition? Choices: - different linear structures - different molecular structures - different rods structures - different crystal structures A:
Ans: different crystal structures
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hypersensitivities The word “hypersensitivity” simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation. Allergies and inflammatory responses to nonpathogenic environmental substances have been observed since the dawn of history. Hypersensitivity is a medical term describing symptoms that are now known to be caused by unrelated mechanisms of immunity. Still, it is useful for this discussion to use the four types of hypersensitivities as a guide to understand these mechanisms (Figure 21.28). Q: What term simply means sensitive beyond normal levels of activation? Choices: - hyposensitivity - isosensitivity - monosensitivity - hypersensitivity A:
Ans: hypersensitivity
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Examples of behaviors with annual cycles include migration and hibernation. Both are innate behaviors. They are triggered by changes in the environment, such as the days growing shorter in the fall. Q: Triggered by changes in the environment, migration and hibernation occur as cycles on what temporal basis? Choices: - bi-annually - seasonally - monthly - annual A:
Ans: annual
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The transfer of electrons from the van de Graaff generator to the man is an example of conduction. Conduction occurs when there is direct contact between materials that differ in their ability to give up or accept electrons. A van de Graff generator produces a negative charge on its dome, so it tends to give up electrons. Human hands are positively charged, so they tend to accept electrons. Therefore, electrons flow from the dome to the man’s hand when they are in contact. Q: A van de graff generator produces what type of charge on its dome, causing the tendency to give up electrons? Choices: - positive charge - similar charge - no charge - negative charge A:
Ans: | negative charge | 7 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are two different types of immune responses. Both types involve lymphocytes. However, one type of response involves B cells. The other type involves T cells. Q: What type of systemic response involves lymphocytes? Choices: - natural - chronic - inflammation - immune A:
immune
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Many species in rhizaria are among the organisms referred to as what? Choices: - fungi - prokaryotes - protozoa - amoebas A:
amoebas
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: one of two female reproductive organs that produces eggs and secretes estrogen. Q: Organs that produce eggs and secrete estrogen are part of what system? Choices: - circulatory system - digestive system - male reproductive system - female reproductive system A:
female reproductive system
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation. The most common pathway combines one molecule of CO 2 with a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). The enzyme which catalyzes this reaction, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (nicknamed RuBisCo ), is the most abundant enzyme on earth! The resulting 6-carbon molecule is unstable, so it immediately splits into two much more stable 3-carbon phosphoglycerate molecules. The 3 carbons in the first stable molecule of this pathway give this largest group of plants the name “C-3. ”. Q: How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation? Choices: - one - four - two - three A:
| three
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Sickle cell diseas is caused by what? Choices: - anterior allele - posterior allele - bronchiole allele - receccisve allele A:
**Answer**
receccisve allele
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Because of global climate change, temperatures all over Earth are rising. However, the melting points of Earth’s substances, including ice, are constant. The result? Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. Melting glaciers cause rising sea levels and the risk of dangerous river flooding on land. You can learn more about these effects of melting at this URL: http://video. nationalgeographic. com/video/player/environment/global-warming-environment/glacier-melt. html . Q: What is occurring at an alarming rate as a result of global climate change and the constant melting point of ice? Choices: - glacial movement - glacial hardening - glacial formation - glacier melt A:
**Answer**
glacier melt
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What is the term for liquid water falling from the sky? Choices: - wind - fire - mud - rain A:
**Answer**
rain
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Temperature is the quantity measured by a thermometer. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a system. Absolute zero is the temperature at which there is no molecular motion. There are three main temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. Temperatures on one scale can be converted to temperatures on another scale using the following equations:. Q: What does a thermometer measure? Choices: - oxygen - precipitation - size - temperature A:
**Answer**
| temperature | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Earth’s atmosphere is vital to life. The atmosphere provides the oxygen and carbon dioxide living things need for photosynthesis and respiration. Living things also need the ozone layer high in the atmosphere. Upper level ozone protects them from most of the Sun’s harmful UV rays. Q: What layer high in the atmosphere protects living things from most of the sun’s harmful uv rays? Choices: - Mesosphere - troposphere - stratosphere - ozone layer A:
Ans:ozone layer
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are the outpocketings of the digestive tract that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation? Choices: - olivary tubules - integumentary tubules - intestinal tubules - malpighian tubules A:
Ans:malpighian tubules
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Water (Hydrologic) Cycle Water is the basis of all living processes. The human body is more than 1/2 water and human cells are more than 70 percent water. Thus, most land animals need a supply of fresh water to survive. However, when examining the stores of water on Earth, 97.5 percent of it is non-potable salt water (Figure 46.12). Of the remaining water, 99 percent is locked underground as water or as ice. Thus, less than 1 percent of fresh water is easily accessible from lakes and rivers. Many living things, such as plants, animals, and fungi, are dependent on the small amount of fresh surface water supply, a lack of which can have massive effects on ecosystem dynamics. Humans, of course, have developed technologies to increase water availability, such as digging wells to harvest groundwater, storing rainwater, and using desalination to obtain drinkable water from the ocean. Although this pursuit of drinkable water has been ongoing throughout human history, the supply of fresh water is still a major issue in modern times. Q: The primary substance that human cells, and ultimately human beings, are made up of is what? Choices: - air - oil - gas - water A:
Ans:water
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Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: The atmosphere protects living things from the Sun’s most harmful rays. Gases reflect or absorb the strongest rays of sunlight. Figure below models this role of the atmosphere. Q: What is the name of the protective layer of gases that surrounds the earth and blocks harmful rays from the sun? Choices: - the corona - the protector - the coma - the atmosphere A:
Ans: | the atmosphere
----- | 9 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. An example of mutualism is pictured in Figure below . The clownfish in the photo is hiding among the tentacles of a sea anemone. The tentacles have stingers that can inject poison in the anemone’s prey. The clownfish is protected from the stingers by mucus that covers its body. Q: Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species do what? Choices: - die - suffer - reproduce - benefit A:
(Answer)
benefit
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chapter 22 1 Figure 22.8 The extracellular matrix and outer layer of cells protects the inner bacteria. The close proximity of cells also facilitates lateral gene transfer, a process by which genes such as antibiotic resistance genes are transferred from one bacterium to another. And even if lateral gene transfer does not occur, one bacterium that produces an exo-enzyme that destroys antibiotic may save neighboring bacteria. 3 Figure 22.19 D 4 A 6 A 8 B 10 B 12 A 14 B 16 C 18 B 20 D 22 D 24 B 25 As the organisms are non-culturable, the presence could be detected through molecular techniques, such as PCR. 27 Responses will vary. A possible answer is: Bacteria contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall; archaea do not. The cell membrane in bacteria is a lipid bilayer; in archaea, it can be a lipid bilayer or a monolayer. Bacteria contain fatty acids on the cell membrane, whereas archaea contain phytanyl. 29 Responses will vary. In a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, there is no light, so prokaryotes would be chemotrophs instead of phototrophs. The source of carbon would be carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean, so they would be autotrophs. There is not a lot of organic material in the ocean, so prokaryotes would probably use inorganic sources, thus they would be chemolitotrophs. The temperatures are very high in the hydrothermal vent, so the prokaryotes would be thermophilic. 31 E. coli colonizes the surface of the leaf, forming a biofilm that is more difficult to remove than free (planktonic) cells. Additionally, bacteria can be taken up in the water that plants are grown in, thereby entering the plant tissues rather than simply residing on the leaf surface. Q: Why would prokaryotes be chemotrophs instead of phototrophs in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent? Choices: - too cold - too much light - too much heat - lack of light A:
(Answer)
lack of light
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Peroxisomes Peroxisomes are small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes. They carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids. They also detoxify many poisons that may enter the body. Alcohol is detoxified by peroxisomes in liver cells. A byproduct of these oxidation reactions is hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, which is contained within the peroxisomes to prevent the chemical from causing damage to cellular components outside of the organelle. Hydrogen peroxide is safely broken down by peroxisomal enzymes into water and oxygen. Q: Peroxisomes carry out oxidation reactions that break down what acids? Choices: - nitric acids - stomach acids - acetic acids - fatty acids and amino acids A:
(Answer)
| fatty acids and amino acids | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Living things that feed on others are generally known as what? Choices: - customers - isolators - producers - consumers A:
(A).
consumers
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Phylogenetic Trees Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. Scientists consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evolutionary past since one cannot go back to confirm the proposed relationships. In other words, a “tree of life” can be constructed to illustrate when different organisms evolved and to show the relationships among different organisms (Figure 20.2). Unlike a taxonomic classification diagram, a phylogenetic tree can be read like a map of evolutionary history. Many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. Scientists call such trees rooted, which means there is a single ancestral lineage (typically drawn from the bottom or left) to which all organisms represented in the diagram relate. Notice in the rooted phylogenetic tree that the three domains— Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—diverge from a single point and branch off. The small branch that plants and animals (including humans) occupy in this diagram shows how recent and miniscule these groups are compared with other organisms. Unrooted trees don’t show a common ancestor but do show relationships among species. Q: What tool do scientist's use to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms? Choices: - conceptual tree - superficial tree - photogenetic tree - phylogenetic tree A:
(A).
phylogenetic tree
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Part of the photosynthesis reactions occur in an internal membrane within the organelle. Many of the pigments and other molecules necessary for photosynthesis are embedded within these internal membranes, The chloroplast contains many of these internal membranes, allowing numerous photosynthetic reactions to occur simultaneously, and making photosynthesis very efficient. These internal membranes stack on top of each other, just like a stack of pancakes. Q: Where is the site of photosynthesis? Choices: - another chloroplast - the chloroburst - the organism - the chloroplast A:
(A).
| the chloroplast | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: No new mutations are occurring. Therefore, no new alleles are being created. Q: What is necessary for new alleles to be created? Choices: - cross-pollination - new rna - new frequencies - new mutations A:
Ans: new mutations
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some substances in food cannot be broken down into nutrients. They remain behind in the digestive system after the nutrients are absorbed. Any substances in food that cannot be digested and absorbed pass out of the body as solid waste. The process of passing solid food waste out of the body is called elimination. Q: What is the name of the process in which solid food waste is passed out of the body? Choices: - extinction - evaporation - regurgitation - elimination A:
Ans: elimination
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: rates The rates at which reactants are consumed and products are formed during chemical reactions vary greatly. We can identify five factors that affect the rates of chemical reactions: the chemical nature of the reacting substances, the state of subdivision (one large lump versus many small particles) of the reactants, the temperature of the reactants, the concentration of the reactants, and the presence of a catalyst. Q: The presence of what, which acts as a trigger, affects the rate of chemical reaction? Choices: - friction - heat - light - catalyst A:
Ans: catalyst
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides extrinsic innervation. Q: The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides this? Choices: - arise innervation - complex innervation - autonomic innervation - extrinsic innervation A:
Ans: | extrinsic innervation | 7 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Lysosomes are vesicles that are formed by the Golgi apparatus. They contain powerful enzymes that could break down (digest) the cell. Lysosomes break down harmful cell products, waste materials, and cellular debris and then force them out of the cell. They also digest invading organisms such as bacteria. Lysosomes also break down cells that are ready to die, a process called autolysis. Q: What is the name of vesicles that are formed by the golgi apparatus? Choices: - vessels - lymphocytes - capillaries - lysosomes A:
lysosomes
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Most sedimentary rocks form from sediments. Sediments are small pieces of other rocks, like pebbles, sand, silt, and clay. Sedimentary rocks may include fossils. Fossils are materials left behind by once-living organisms. Fossils can be pieces of the organism, like bones. They can also be traces of the organism, like footprints. Q: What is the term for something left behind by once-living organisms? Choices: - decay - waste matter - deposits - fossils A:
fossils
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The 1,000 or so species of cartilaginous fish are subdivided into two subclasses: the first includes sharks, rays, and skates; the second includes chimaera, sometimes called ghost sharks. Fish from this group range in size from the dwarf lanternshark, at 6.3 inches, to the over 50-foot whale shark. Sharks obviously have jaws, as do the other cartilaginous fish. These fish evolved from the jawless fish. So why did fish eventually evolve to have jaws? Such an adaptation would allow fish to eat a much wider variety of food, including plants and other organisms. Q: What is another term for ghost sharks? Choices: - anascea - litoria - aurea - chimaera A:
chimaera
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Discussion The intensity goes up by a factor of 4 when the amplitude doubles. This answer is a little disquieting. The two individual waves each have intensities of 1.00 W/m 2 , yet their sum has an intensity of 4.00 W/m 2 , which may appear to violate conservation of energy. This violation, of course, cannot happen. What does happen is intriguing. The area over which the intensity is 4.00 W/m 2 is much less than the area covered by the two waves before they interfered. There are other areas where the intensity is zero. The addition of waves is not as simple as our first look in Superposition and Interference suggested. We actually get a pattern of both constructive interference and destructive interference whenever two waves are added. For example, if we have two stereo speakers putting out 1.00 W/m 2 each, there will be places in the room where the intensity is 4.00 W/m 2 , other places where the intensity is zero, and others in between. Figure 16.45 shows what this interference might look like. We will pursue interference patterns elsewhere in this text. Q: Two types of interference found in waves are constructive and what else? Choices: - osmotic - conductive - primitive - destructive A:
| destructive | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sperm ( Figure below ), the male reproductive cells, are tiny. In fact, they are the smallest cells in the human body. What do you think a sperm cell looks like? Some people think that it looks like a tadpole. Do you agree?. Q: What are the male reproductive cells called? Choices: - mucus - ova - plasma - sperm A:
(Answer)
sperm
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: All living things depend on their environment to supply them with what they need, including food, water, and shelter. Their environment consists of physical factors—such as soil, air, and temperature—and also of other organisms. An organism is an individual living thing. Many living things interact with other organisms in their environment. In fact, they may need other organisms in order to survive. This is known as interdependence . For example, living things that cannot make their own food must eat other organisms for food. Other interactions between living things include symbiosis and competition. Q: What is the term for when organisms need other organisms to survive? Choices: - intradependence - realization - coexistence - interdependence A:
(Answer)
interdependence
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some people are allergic to certain foods. Nuts and shellfish are common causes of food allergies. Other common causes of allergies include:. Q: Which waves have the longest wavelengths but the least energy in the atmosphere? Choices: - microwaves - channel waves - light waves - radio waves A:
(Answer)
| radio waves | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Long bones are longer than they are wide and have a shaft and two ends. The diaphysis, or central shaft, contains bone marrow in a marrow cavity. The rounded ends, the epiphyses, are covered with articular cartilage and are filled with red bone marrow, which produces blood cells (Figure 38.17). Most of the limb bones are long bones—for example, the femur, tibia, ulna, and radius. Exceptions to this include the patella and the bones of the wrist and ankle. Q: What is contained in the cavity of a long bone's central shaft? Choices: - blood - calcium - cells - marrow A:
Answer: marrow
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like the stem, the leaf contains vascular bundles composed of xylem and phloem (Figure 30.27). The xylem consists of tracheids and vessels, which transport water and minerals to the leaves. The phloem transports the photosynthetic products from the leaf to the other parts of the plant. A single vascular bundle, no matter how large or small, always contains both xylem and phloem tissues. Q: Like the stem, what basic plant structure contains vascular bundles composed of xylem and phloem? Choices: - root - flower - bark - leaf A:
Answer: leaf
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Green light has a higher frequency than microwaves. It is possible to calculate it, but since the speed of an electromagnetic wave is constant we know that waves with higher wavelengths must have a lower frequency based on the wave equation. Q: What of a electromagnetic wave can be calculated using the wave equation due to their speed always being constant? Choices: - oscillation - resonance - sound - frequency A:
Answer: | frequency | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 22.3 Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines Einstein is said to have been fascinated by a compass as a child, perhaps musing on how the needle felt a force without direct physical contact. His ability to think deeply and clearly about action at a distance, particularly for gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces, later enabled him to create his revolutionary theory of relativity. Since magnetic forces act at a distance, we define a magnetic field to represent magnetic forces. The pictorial representation of magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. As shown in Figure 22.15, the direction of magnetic field lines is defined to be the direction in which the north end of a compass needle points. The magnetic field is traditionally called the Bfield. Q: What is the magnetic field traditionally referred to as? Choices: - m-field - charged field - spicule - bfield A:
bfield
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The same principles govern the solubilities of molecular solids in liquids. For example, elemental sulfur is a solid consisting of cyclic S8 molecules that have no dipole moment. Because the S8 rings in solid sulfur are held to other rings by London dispersion forces, elemental sulfur is insoluble in water. It is, however, soluble in nonpolar solvents that have comparable London dispersion forces, such as CS2 (23 g/100 mL). In contrast, glucose contains five –OH groups that can form hydrogen bonds. Consequently, glucose is very soluble in water (91 g/120 mL of water) but essentially insoluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene. The structure of one isomer of glucose is shown here. Q: What type of solvents is glucose insoluble in? Choices: - alkaline - polar - acidic - nonpolar A:
nonpolar
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Decomposers are heterotrophs that break down the wastes of other organisms or the remains of dead organisms. When they do, they release simple inorganic molecules back into the environment. Producers can then use the inorganic molecules to make new organic compounds. For this reason, decomposers are essential to every ecosystem. Imagine what would happen if there were no decomposers. Organic wastes and dead organisms would pile up everywhere, and their nutrients would no longer be recycled. Q: Without what food chain component, organic wastes and dead organisms would pile up everywhere, and their nutrients would no longer be recycled? Choices: - acids - probiotics - nitrates - decomposers A:
decomposers
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Answer the following question given this paragraph: Kidneys The kidneys participate in several complex endocrine pathways and produce certain hormones. A decline in blood flow to the kidneys stimulates them to release the enzyme renin, triggering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system, and stimulating the reabsorption of sodium and water. The reabsorption increases blood flow and blood pressure. The kidneys also play a role in regulating blood calcium levels through the production of calcitriol from vitamin D3, which is released in response to the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition, the kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) in response to low oxygen levels. EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow, thereby increasing oxygen delivery to tissues. You may have heard of EPO as a performance-enhancing drug (in a synthetic form). Q: A decline in blood flow to what organs stimulates release of the enzyme renin, in turn stimulating the reabsorption of sodium and water? Choices: - thyroids - kidneys - lungs - kidneys A:
| kidneys
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It is regulated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which also secretes hormones. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which is called the “master gland” of the endocrine system because its hormones regulate other endocrine glands. Other endocrine glands include the thyroid gland and pancreas. Q: What specific part of the brain regulates the endocrine system? Choices: - parietal lobe - hippocampus - frontal lobe - hypothalamus A:
hypothalamus
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Saponification describes the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of an ester. The term saponification originally described the hydrolysis of long-chain esters called fatty acid esters to produce soap molecules, which are the salts of fatty acids. One such soap molecule is sodium stearate, formed from the hydrolysis of ethyl stearate. Q: What is the alkaline hydrolysis reaction of an ester called? Choices: - instantiation - fermentation - resorption - saponification A:
saponification
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Reproduction Fungi reproduce sexually and/or asexually. Perfect fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, while the so-called imperfect fungi reproduce only asexually (by mitosis). In both sexual and asexual reproduction, fungi produce spores that disperse from the parent organism by either floating on the wind or hitching a ride on an animal. Fungal spores are smaller and lighter than plant seeds. The giant puffball mushroom bursts open and releases trillions of spores. The huge number of spores released increases the likelihood of landing in an environment that will support growth (Figure 24.6). Q: What do all respiratory diseases affect? Choices: - liquid exchange process - helium exchange process - transit exchange process - gas exchange process A:
gas exchange process
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The amplitude , , is the distance from the equilibrium (or center) point of motion to either its lowest or highest point ( end points ). The amplitude, therefore, is half of the total distance covered by the oscillating object. The amplitude can vary in harmonic motion but is constant in SHM. The amplitude of a wave often determines its strength or intensity; the exact meaning of "strength" depends on the type of wave. For example, a sound wave with a large amplitude is a loud sound and a light wave with a large amplitude is very bright. Q: Often determining the strength or intensity of a wave, this term is the distance from the equilibrium point of motion to either its lowest or highest point? Choices: - frequency - density - peak - amplitude A:
| amplitude | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Left Brain, Right Brain Popular media often refer to right-brained and left-brained people, as if the brain were two independent halves that work differently for different people. This is a popular misinterpretation of an important neurological phenomenon. As an extreme measure to deal with a debilitating condition, the corpus callosum may be sectioned to overcome intractable epilepsy. When the connections between the two cerebral hemispheres are cut, interesting effects can be observed. If a person with an intact corpus callosum is asked to put their hands in their pockets and describe what is there on the basis of what their hands feel, they might say that they have keys in their right pocket and loose change in the left. They may even be able to count the coins in their pocket and say if they can afford to buy a candy bar from the vending machine. If a person with a sectioned corpus callosum is given the same instructions, they will do something quite peculiar. They will only put their right hand in their pocket and say they have keys there. They will not even move their left hand, much less report that there is loose change in the left pocket. The reason for this is that the language functions of the cerebral cortex are localized to the left hemisphere in 95 percent of the population. Additionally, the left hemisphere is connected to the right side of the body through the corticospinal tract and the ascending tracts of the spinal cord. Motor commands from the precentral gyrus control the opposite side of the body, whereas sensory information processed by the postcentral gyrus is received from the opposite side of the body. For a verbal command to initiate movement of the right arm and hand, the left side of the brain needs to be connected by the corpus callosum. Language is processed in the left side of the brain and directly influences the left brain and right arm motor functions, but is sent to influence the right brain and left arm motor functions through the corpus callosum. Likewise, the left-handed... Q: What is the connection between the two hemispheres of the brain called? Choices: - cerebral cortex - spinal cord - cranial septum - corpus callosum A:
A: corpus callosum
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atoms are solid particles that are indestructible. Q: What is a solid particle that is indestructible? Choices: - quark - nucleus - neutron - atom A:
A: atom
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Surface waves travel along the ground outward from an earthquake’s epicenter. Surface waves are the slowest of all seismic waves. They travel at 2.5 km (1.5 miles) per second. There are two types of surface waves. Love waves move side-to-side, much like a snake. Rayleigh waves produce a rolling motion as they move up and backward ( Figure above ). Surface waves cause objects to fall and rise. They also cause objects to sway back and forth. These motions cause damage to rigid structures during an earthquake. Q: How many types of surface waves are there? Choices: - over a hundred - three - six - two A:
A: two
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Voltmeters have high resistances and are placed in the circuit in parallel. Q: How are voltmeters placed in the circuit? Choices: - since parallel - after parallel - not parallel - in parallel A:
| A: in parallel | 2 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage. One important example is leptin, a protein manufactured by adipose cells that circulates in amounts directly proportional to levels of body fat. Leptin is released in response to food consumption and acts by binding to brain neurons involved in energy intake and expenditure. Binding of leptin produces a feeling of satiety after a meal, thereby reducing appetite. It also appears that the binding of leptin to brain receptors triggers the sympathetic nervous system to regulate bone metabolism, increasing deposition of cortical bone. Adiponectin—another hormone synthesized by adipose cells—appears to reduce cellular insulin resistance and to protect blood vessels from inflammation and atherosclerosis. Its levels are lower in people who are obese, and rise following weight loss. Q: What type of tissue produces and secretes several hormones involved in lipid metabolism and storage? Choices: - hormonal tissue - metabolism tissue - somatic tissue - adipose tissue A:
**Answer**
adipose tissue
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system with a heart. Blood is completely contained within blood vessels that carry the blood throughout the body. The heart is divided into chambers that work together to pump blood. There are between two and four chambers in the vertebrate heart. With more chambers, there is more oxygen in the blood and more vigorous pumping action. Q: Leaves respond to these environmental stimuli by producing less what? Choices: - oxygen - carbonate - energy - chlorophyll A:
**Answer**
chlorophyll
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The majority of known elements are classified as metals. Metals are elements that are lustrous, or shiny. They are also good conductors of electricity and heat. Examples of metals include iron, gold, and copper. Fewer than 20 elements are classified as nonmetals. Nonmetals lack the properties of metals. Examples of nonmetals include oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur. Certain other elements have properties of both metals and nonmetals. They are known as metalloids. Examples of metalloids include silicon and boron. Q: What are the three classifications of elements? Choices: - metals, non-metals and alkaloids - metals, metaloids, and alkaloids - alkaloids, metaloids, and non-metals - metals, non-metals and metaloids A:
**Answer**
metals, non-metals and metaloids
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Evaporation is a technique used to separate out homogeneous mixtures in which one or more solids are dissolved in a liquid. Typically, the mixture is heated until all of the liquid has vaporized, leaving behind the dissolved solids ( Figure below ). The vapor can also be captured and recondensed into a liquid if desired. Q: What is the term for a technique used to separate out homogeneous mixtures in which one or more solids are dissolved in a liquid? Choices: - transpiration - absorption - distillation - evaporation A:
**Answer**
| evaporation | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A completely bonding molecular orbital contains no nodes (regions of zero electron probability) perpendicular to the internuclear axis, whereas a completelyantibonding molecular orbital contains at least one node perpendicular to the internuclear axis. A sigma (σ) orbital (bonding) or a sigma star (σ*) orbital(antibonding) is symmetrical about the internuclear axis. Hence all cross-sections perpendicular to that axis are circular. Both a pi (π) orbital (bonding) and a pi star (π*) orbital (antibonding) possess a nodal plane that contains the nuclei, with electron density localized on both sides of the plane. The energies of the molecular orbitals versus those of the parent atomic orbitals can be shown schematically in an energy-level diagram. The electron configuration of a molecule is shown by placing the correct number of electrons in the appropriate energy-level diagram, starting with the lowest-energy orbital and obeying the Pauli principle; that is, placing only two electrons with opposite spin in each orbital. From the completed energy-level diagram, we can calculate thebond order, defined as one-half the net number of bonding electrons. In bond orders, electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals cancel electrons in bonding molecular orbitals, while electrons in nonbonding orbitals have no effect and are not counted. Bond orders of 1, 2, and 3 correspond to single, double, and triple bonds, respectively. Molecules with predicted bond orders of 0 are generally less stable than the isolated atoms and do not normally exist. Molecular orbital energy-level diagrams for diatomic molecules can be created if the electron configuration of the parent atoms is known, following a few simple rules. Most important, the number of molecular orbitals in a molecule is the same as the number of atomic orbitals that interact. The difference between bonding and antibonding molecular orbital combinations is proportional to the overlap of the parent orbitals and decreases as the energy difference between the parent atomic... Q: Atomic orbitals are populated with what subatomic particles? Choices: - protons - neurons - atoms - electrons A:
electrons
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The metal part of the compound is named as the element. Q: What is the metal part of the compound named as? Choices: - the base - the source - the basic - the element A:
the element
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What are the the individual protein subunits making up the capsid called? Choices: - axons - pores - telomeres - capsomeres A:
capsomeres
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The second stage of photosynthesis is the production of glucose from carbon dioxide. This process occurs in a continuous cycle, named after its discover, Melvin Calvin. The Calvin cycle uses CO 2 and the energy temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH to make the sugar glucose. Q: What is the second stage of photosynthesis? Choices: - pigment release - production of protein - glucose destruction - production of glucose A:
| production of glucose
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: 33.2 The Four Basic Forces • The four basic forces and their carrier particles are summarized in the Table 33.1. • Feynman diagrams are graphs of time versus position and are highly useful pictorial representations of particle processes. • The theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale is called quantum electrodynamics (QED). Q: What do we call the theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale? Choices: - iron electrodynamics - light electrodynamics - gravity electrodynamics - quantum electrodynamics A:
Answer: quantum electrodynamics
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cell division is just one of the stages that all cells go through during their life. This includes cells that are harmful, such as cancer cells. Cancer cells divide more often than normal cells, and grow out of control. In fact, this is how cancer cells cause illness. In these concepts, you will read about how cells divide, what other stages cells go through, and what causes cancer cells to divide out of control and harm the body. Q: All cells undergo what during a lifetime, but when this process is out of control, cancer results? Choices: - cell transition - cell death - cell mutation - cell division A:
Answer: cell division
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Light also behaves like a package of energy. It turns out that for light, the energy of the “package” of energy is proportional to its frequency. (For most waves, energy is proportional to wave amplitude, or the height of the wave. ) The mathematical equation that relates the energy (E) of light to its frequency is. Q: For most waves, energy is proportional to what, a term that describes the height of the wave? Choices: - wave frequency - wave volume - wave threshold - wave amplitude A:
Answer: | wave amplitude | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Standardized measurements make it possible for people everywhere to get the same amount of something. Note the red and white labels on the gas pump above. These labels certify that the gas pump has been checked and is pumping an accurate gallon of gas. Standard measurements in science are very important so that we can compare experimental data from one lab to another and make sure we all are talking about the same thing. Q: What in science are very important so that we can compare experimental data from one lab to another and make sure we all are talking about the same thing? Choices: - Conventional measurements - available measurements - uses measurements - standard measurements A:
**Answer**
standard measurements
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What element is essential for amino acid and nucleic acid production? Choices: - oxygen - carbon - hydrogen - nitrogen A:
**Answer**
nitrogen
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A monosaccharide is a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose. Fructose is found in fruits, whereas glucose generally results from the digestion of other carbohydrates. Glucose is used for energy by the cells of most organisms. Q: What is a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose? Choices: - disaccharide - polysaccharides - galactose - monosaccharide A:
**Answer**
monosaccharide
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Like simple hormone pathways, hormone cascade pathways typically involve what kind of feedback? Choices: - effective - positive - neutral - negative A:
**Answer**
| negative | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The value of ħ is not large, so the uncertainty in the position or momentum of a macroscopic object like a baseball is too insignificant to observe. However, the mass of a microscopic object such as an electron is small enough that the uncertainty can be large and significant. It should be noted that Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is not just limited to uncertainties in position and momentum, but it also links other dynamical variables. For example, when an atom absorbs a photon and makes a transition from one energy state to another, the uncertainty in the energy and the uncertainty in the time required for the transition are similarly related, as ΔE Δt ≥ ℏ . As will be discussed later, even the vector components of angular 2 momentum cannot all be specified exactly simultaneously. Heisenberg’s principle imposes ultimate limits on what is knowable in science. The uncertainty principle can be shown to be a consequence of wave–particle duality, which lies at the heart of what distinguishes modern quantum theory from classical mechanics. Recall that the equations of motion obtained from classical mechanics are trajectories where, at any given instant in time, both the position and the momentum of a particle can be determined exactly. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle implies that such a view is untenable in the microscopic domain and that there are fundamental limitations governing the motion of quantum particles. This does not mean that microscopic particles do not move in trajectories, it is just that measurements of trajectories are limited in their precision. In the realm of quantum mechanics, measurements introduce changes into the system that is being observed. Q: What heisenberg principle imposes ultimate limits on what is knowable in science? Choices: - impossibility principle - vacuum principle - certainty principle - uncertainty principle A:
A: uncertainty principle
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Acids change the color of certain acid-base indicators. Two common indicators are litmus and phenolphthalein. Blue litmus turns red in the presence of an acid, while phenolphthalein turns colorless. Q: What causes blue litmus to turn red? Choices: - oxygen - base - carbon - acid A:
A: acid
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like fish, amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates. They belong to the class Amphibia. There are three orders:. Q: Which kind of vertebrates are amphibians? Choices: - endothermic vertebrates - enterococci vertebrates - arachnids vertebrates - ectothermic vertebrates A:
A: ectothermic vertebrates
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The two ovaries are small, oval organs on either side of the uterus. Each ovary contains thousands of eggs, with about 1-2 million immature eggs present at birth and 40,000 immature eggs present at puberty, as most of the eggs die off. The eggs do not fully develop until a female has gone through puberty. About once a month, on average one egg completes development and is released by the ovary. The ovaries also secrete estrogen , the main female sex hormone. Q: The two ovaries are small, oval organs on either side of what part of the body? Choices: - lungs - heart - pancreas - uterus A:
| A: uterus | 2 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Like a blanket on a sleeping person, greenhouse gases act as insulation for the planet. The warming of the atmosphere is because of insulation by greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are the component of the atmosphere that moderate Earth’s temperatures. Q: Like a blanket on a sleeping person, greenhouse gases act as what for the planet? Choices: - ventilation - plastic - Exterior Coverings - insulation A:
Answer: insulation
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The energy from fusion reactions keeps the star shining. Q: What kind of reaction, in general, keeps stars shining? Choices: - magnetism - fission - evolution - fusion A:
Answer: fusion
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Power may be measured in a unit called the horsepower. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute, which equals 745 watts of power. Q: What unit of measure is equal to the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute? Choices: - joule - watt - torque - horsepower A:
Answer: | horsepower | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid group and an amine group. Q: Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid group and what other group? Choices: - lipid - fatty - compounds - amine A:
A: amine
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Soil develops over time and forms soil horizons. Soil horizons are different layers of soil with depth. The most weathering occurs in the top layer. This layer is most exposed to weather! It is where fresh water comes into contact with the soil. Each layer lower is weathered just a little bit less than the layer above. As water moves down through the layers, it is able to do less work to change the soil. Q: Which layer of soil experiences the most weathering? Choices: - subsoil - bedrock - humus - top layer A:
A: top layer
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 1.6 Metabolism Anabolic reactions are building reactions, and they consume energy. Catabolic reactions break materials down and release energy. Metabolism includes both anabolic and catabolic reactions. Q: Metabolism includes both anabolic and which other reaction? Choices: - organic - enzymatic - biogenic - catabolic A:
A: catabolic
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electrons are one of three main types of particles that make up the atom. They are extremely small and have an electric charge of -1. All atoms have the same number of electrons as protons. Q: All atoms have equal numbers of what two particles? Choices: - nuclei and neutrons - photons and protons - electrons and neutrons - electrons and protons A:
| A: electrons and protons | 2 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Atomic Number In the 1910s, experiments with X rays led to this useful conclusion: the magnitude of the positive charge in the nucleus of every atom of a particular element is the same. In other words, all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. Furthermore,. Q: All atoms of the same element have the same number of what? Choices: - electrons - molecules - charge - protons A:
(Answer)
protons
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Cnidarians are invertebrates such as jellyfish and corals. They belong to Phylum Cnidaria. All cnidarians are aquatic. Most of them live in the ocean. Cnidarians are a little more complex than sponges. Besides specialized cells, they have tissues and radial symmetry. There are more than 10,000 cnidarian species, see Figure below . Q: What type of invertebrates are jellyfish and corals known as? Choices: - sponges - nautilus - cephalopods - cnidarians A:
(Answer)
cnidarians
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Three unit cells of the cubic crystal system. Each sphere represents an atom or an ion. In the simple cubic system, the atoms or ions are at the corners of the unit cell only. In the face-centered unit cell, there are also atoms or ions in the center of each of the six faces of the unit cell. In the body-centered unit cell, there is one atom or ion in the center of the unit cell in addition to the corner atoms or ions. Q: In the simple cubic system, the atoms or ions are located in which part of the cell? Choices: - mitochondria - plasma - walls - corners A:
(Answer)
| corners | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Fish have a nervous system with a brain. Fish brains are small compared with the brains of other vertebrates. However, they are large and complex compared with the brains of invertebrates. Fish also have highly developed sense organs. They include organs to see, hear, feel, smell, and taste. Q: What category of animals in the vertebrate group has a relatively small brain but highly developed sense organs? Choices: - mammals - arthropods - primates - fish A:
fish
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The kidneys play many vital roles in homeostasis . They work with many other organ systems to do this. For example, they work with the circulatory system to filter blood, and with the urinary system to remove wastes. Q: The kidneys work with the urinary system to remove what? Choices: - nutrients - water - ions - wastes A:
wastes
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Skepticism is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence. Scientific skepticism , also referred to as skeptical inquiry, questions claims based on their scientific verifiability rather than simply accepting claims based on faith or anecdotes. Scientific skepticism uses critical thinking to analyze such claims and opposes claims which lack scientific evidence. Q: What is an attitude of doubt about the truthfulness of claims that lack empirical evidence? Choices: - conspiracy - speculation - independent variable - skepticism A:
skepticism
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 13 Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2 O → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 • One of most important reactions in history of life: • source of atmospheric O2 • ultimately led to aerobic respiration and eukaryotes • Responsible for bulk of glucose production • Early experiments showed that mass of plant must be derived from substances in the air, not the soil • Experiments with isotopes showed that liberated oxygen comes from water • Experiments also showed that light is essential but that some reactions (e. , reduction of CO2 ) continue in the dark • Plants do two big, important things during photosynthesis: gain energy (absorb light) and build sugar (glucose). • Photosynthesis can be divided into two series of chemical reactions: the light (lightdependent) reactions and the dark (light-independent) reactions. In light reactions, light is absorbed; in dark reactions, sugar is built. • Occurs when plants, algae, and autotrophic bacteria absorb light energy and build glucose. Q: What is the process by which plants gain energy and produce sugar? Choices: - glycolysis - respiration - chemosynthesis - photosynthesis A:
| photosynthesis
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Examples of objects that have projectile motion include arrows and cannon balls. Q: Arrows and cannon balls are examples of objects with what kind of motion? Choices: - velocity - fluid - accelerating - projectile A:
Ans: projectile
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Chemistry in Everyday Life Culinary Aspects of Chemistry Cooking is essentially synthetic chemistry that happens to be safe to eat. There are a number of examples of acid-base chemistry in the culinary world. One example is the use of baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate in baking. NaHCO3 is a base. When it reacts with an acid such as lemon juice, buttermilk, or sour cream in a batter, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are formed from decomposition of the resulting carbonic acid, and the batter “rises. ” Baking powder is a combination of sodium bicarbonate, and one or more acid salts that react when the two chemicals come in contact with water in the batter. Many people like to put lemon juice or vinegar, both of which are acids, on cooked fish (Figure 14.15). It turns out that fish have volatile amines (bases) in their systems, which are neutralized by the acids to yield involatile ammonium salts. This reduces the odor of the fish, and also adds a “sour” taste that we seem to enjoy. Q: Why does the fish odour diminish when you put lemon juice over cooked fish? Choices: - due to oxidation - due to evaporation - due to acidification - due to neutralization A:
Ans: due to neutralization
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: When most of the chyme has been absorbed, the small intestinal wall becomes less distended. At this point, the localized segmentation process is replaced by transport movements. The duodenal mucosa secretes the hormone motilin, which initiates peristalsis in the form of a migrating motility complex. These complexes, which begin in the duodenum, force chyme through a short section of the small intestine and then stop. The next contraction begins a little bit farther down than the first, forces chyme a bit farther through the small intestine, then stops. These complexes move slowly down the small intestine, forcing chyme on the way, taking around 90 to 120 minutes to finally reach the end of the ileum. At this point, the process is repeated, starting in the duodenum. Q: What is the natural movement called within your intestines? Choices: - proteolysis - progress - fibroblasts - peristalsis A:
Ans: peristalsis
Ques: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The double helical nature of DNA, together with the findings of Chargaff, demonstrated the base-pairing nature of the bases. Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine ( Figure below ). Because of this complementary nature of DNA, the bases on one strand determine the bases on the other strand. These complementary base pairs explain why the amounts of guanine and cytosine are present in equal amounts, as are the amounts of adenine and thymine. Adenine and guanine are known as purines . These bases consist of two ring structures. Purines make up one of the two groups of nitrogenous bases. Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines , which have just one ring structure. By having a purine always combine with a pyrimidine in the DNA double helix, the distance between the two sugar-phosphate backbones is constant, maintaining the uniform shape of the DNA molecule. Q: What distinctive configuration of dna demonstrates the base-pairing nature of the bases? Choices: - single helix - double loop - triple helix - double helix A:
Ans: | double helix | 7 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Today, we known that characteristics of organisms are controlled by genes on chromosomes (see Figure below ). The position of a gene on a chromosome is called its locus . In sexually reproducing organisms, each individual has two copies of the same gene, as there are two versions of the same chromosome ( homologous chromosomes ). One copy comes from each parent. The gene for a characteristic may have different versions, but the different versions are always at the same locus. The different versions are called alleles . For example, in pea plants, there is a purple-flower allele ( B ) and a white-flower allele ( b ). Different alleles account for much of the variation in the characteristics of organisms. Q: Locus refers to the position of what on a chromosome, which controls the characteristics of an organism? Choices: - genome - gamete - rna - gene A:
gene
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbon is the most important element to life. Without this element, life as we know it would not exist. As you will see, carbon is the central element in compounds necessary for life-organic compounds. These compounds include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Q: What is the most important element to life? Choices: - oxygen - hydrogen - nitrogen - carbon A:
carbon
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Physical and chemical differences help ecologists distinguish between freshwater and marine types of what? Choices: - cities - habitats - microbiomes - biomes A:
biomes
Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are many choices you can make to keep your nervous system healthy. One obvious choice is to avoid using alcohol or other drugs. Not only will you avoid the injury that drugs themselves can cause, but you will also be less likely to get involved in other risky behaviors that could harm your nervous system. Another way to keep the nervous system healthy is to eat a variety of healthy foods. The minerals sodium, calcium, and potassium, and vitamins B 1 and B 12 are important for a healthy nervous system. Some foods that are good sources for these minerals and vitamins include milk, whole grains, beef steak, and kidney beans (shown in Figure below ). Your brain also needs healthy fats like those in nuts and fish. Recall that fats insulate the axons of neurons. These fats help build new connections between nerves and brain cells. These fats may improve memory and increase learning and intelligence. Water is also important for the nervous system, so drink plenty of water and other fluids. This helps prevent dehydration, which can cause confusion and memory problems. And get plenty of rest. Your brain requires plenty of rest so it can strengthen circuits that help with memory. A good night’s sleep will help keep your brain functioning at its best. Q: Why is water important for the nervous system? Choices: - to carry nutrients - to carry information - to prevent disease - to prevent dehydration A:
| to prevent dehydration | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Researchers have long based their hypotheses about animal phylogeny on what? Choices: - longitudinal data - manipulative data - distinctive data - morphological data A:
morphological data
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Attached to the placenta is the amniotic sac , an enclosed membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus. It contains amniotic fluid , which consists of water and dissolved substances. The fluid allows the fetus to move freely until it grows to fill most of the available space. The fluid also cushions the fetus and helps protect it from injury. Q: What is the enclosed, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus and is attached to the placenta? Choices: - epithelial sac - umbilical sac - womb - amniotic sac A:
amniotic sac
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 16 Gregor Mendel and biological inheritance Charles Darwin1 , for all he contributed to the science of biology, never knew about the mechanism by which living things inherit traits from previous generations, or how new traits arise. As any schoolchild can tell you, this mechanism of interitance has since been found to be DNA2 , or deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA allows for stable inheritance of traits: the code in each strand of DNA is replicated precisely through the pairing of basic units along each strand. The error rate in this replication is amazingly low; not even one base pair in a million matches out of sequence. However, when even one base pair is added to a new strain of DNA in an order differently than in the parent chain, it can be the basis of a mutation. These changes in DNA sequences are the microscopic origin of changes in traits of all studied living things. Even the smallest difference in a strand of DNA can result in a change in traits that can cost the life of the organism. Mutations can produce proteins with a new or altered function. In humans, the example of Sickle cell anemia3 is commonly given as its origin is a difference of only one base pair in a section of DNA that encodes red blood cells. Individual sequences of DNA that encode for specific proteins are called genes and are the units of heredity. Each one has a set nucleotide4 , and together all of the genes (and some sequence of DNA that apparently do not code for any biologically important functions) together make up the entire chromosome5. Q: What mechanism is used by living organisms to pass along genes? Choices: - protein - digestion - chlorophyll - dna A:
| dna | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electromagnetic radiation is energy transmitted as waves with different wavelengths. This makes up the electromagnetic spectrum. Q: What is transmitted that makes up the electromagnetic spectrum? Choices: - gamma rays - light waves of different wavelengths - sound waves of different frequencies - electromagnetic radiation in different wavelengths A:
**Answer**
electromagnetic radiation in different wavelengths
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Unsafe water supplies have drastic effects on human health. Waterborne diseases are diseases due to microscopic pathogens in fresh water. These diseases can be caused by protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and intestinal parasites. In many parts of the world there are no water treatment plants. If sewage or animal manure gets into a river, then people downstream will get sick when they drink the water. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrheal disease is responsible for the deaths of 1.8 million people every year. It was estimated that 88% of the cases of diarrheal disease are caused by unsafe water supplies. Q: What type of contamination causes almost 90% of diarrheal disease worldwide? Choices: - air contamination - ground contamination - food contamination - water supply contamination A:
**Answer**
water supply contamination
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solar energy is used to heat homes and water, and to make electricity. Scientists and engineers have many ways to get energy from the Sun ( Figure above ). One is by using solar cells. Solar cells are devices that turn sunlight directly into electricity. Lots of solar cells make up an individual solar panel. You may have seen solar panels on roof tops. The Sun’s heat can also be trapped in your home by using south facing windows and good insulation. Q: The sun’s heat can also be trapped in your home by using south facing windows and good what? Choices: - floors - vegetation - curtains - insulation A:
**Answer**
insulation
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty begins when the pituitary gland tells the testes to secrete testosterone in boys, and in girls the pituitary gland signals the ovaries to secrete estrogen. Changes that occur during puberty are discussed in the Male Reproductive Development and Female Reproductive Development concepts. Q: What is the name of the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature? Choices: - pre-adolescence - adulthood - reproductive stage - puberty A:
**Answer**
| puberty | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: You’ve probably seen dozens of nutrition facts labels like the one in the opening image. The labels show the nutrients that foods contain. Many people read nutrition facts labels to see how much fat there is in particular foods. That’s because eating too much fat, especially saturated fat, can be unhealthy and contribute to weight gain. Fats are a type of biochemical compound called lipids. Q: What is an example of a biochemical lipid that contributes to weight gain? Choices: - acids - sugars - proteins - fats A:
fats
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Unlike oxygen, carbon dioxide is more concentrated in the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli than it is in the air inside the alveoli. Therefore, carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction. It moves out of the blood and into the air. Q: Which gas moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air? Choices: - nitrogen - carbon monoxide - oxygen - carbon dioxide A:
carbon dioxide
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 22.6 The Hall Effect We have seen effects of a magnetic field on free-moving charges. The magnetic field also affects charges moving in a conductor. One result is the Hall effect, which has important implications and applications. Figure 22.27 shows what happens to charges moving through a conductor in a magnetic field. The field is perpendicular to the electron drift velocity and to the width of the conductor. Note that conventional current is to the right in both parts of the figure. In part (a), electrons carry the current and move to the left. In part (b), positive charges carry the current and move to the right. Moving electrons feel a magnetic force toward one side of the conductor, leaving a net positive charge on the other side. This separation of charge creates a voltage ε , known as the Hall emf, across the conductor. The creation of a voltage across a current-carrying conductor by a magnetic field is known as the Hall effect, after Edwin Hall, the American physicist who discovered it in 1879. Q: The creation of a voltage across a current-carrying conductor by a magnetic field is known as what? Choices: - off effect - newton effect - show effect - hall effect A:
hall effect
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Each ionic compound has its own unique name that comes from the names of the ions. Q: What are the primary causes of bone fractures? Choices: - overuse - spiral impact or bending - step impact or bending - sideways impact or bending A:
| sideways impact or bending | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Conversely, very large forces are created by liquids and solids when they try to expand but are constrained from doing so—which is equivalent to compressing them to less than their normal volume. This often occurs when a contained material warms up, since most materials expand when their temperature increases. If the materials are tightly constrained, they deform or break their container. Another very common example occurs when water freezes. Water, unlike most materials, expands when it freezes, and it can easily fracture a boulder, rupture a biological cell, or crack an engine block that gets in its way. Other types of deformations, such as torsion or twisting, behave analogously to the tension, shear, and bulk deformations considered here. Q: Conversely, very large forces are created by liquids and solids when they try to expand but are constrained from doing so—which is equivalent to compressing them to less than their normal volume. this often occurs when a contained material warms up, since most materials expand when they do this? Choices: - increase density - increase mass - decrease temperature - increase temperature A:
(Answer)
increase temperature
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Longshore drift continually moves sand along the shore. Deposition occurs where the water motion slows. The smallest particles, such as silt and clay, are deposited away from shore. This is where the water is calmer. Larger particles are deposited onshore. This is where waves and other motions are strongest. Q: What occurs where the water motion slows? Choices: - diffusion - vapor - erosion - deposition A:
(Answer)
deposition
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The direction of the force of gravity is in a straight line between two objects. It is always attractive. Q: The direction of the force of gravity is in what direction? Choices: - staggered line - curved line - fragmented line - straight line A:
(Answer)
| straight line | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Photoreceptors in each ocellus receive light only through the opening where there are none of which cells? Choices: - clear - opqaue - secreted - pigmented A:
A: pigmented
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars and starches are used by the body for energy. One gram of sugar or starch provides 4 Calories of energy. Fiber doesn’t provide energy, but it is needed for other uses. At age 13 years, you need about 130 grams of carbohydrates a day. Figure below shows good food sources of each type. Q: How many calories of energy does one gram of sugar or starch provide? Choices: - 5 - 3 - 10 - 4 A:
A: 4
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: When organisms penetrate a rock, they accelerate breakdown by chemical means and what other means? Choices: - ecological - temperature - geological - mechanical A:
A: mechanical
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Electrical motors change electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor consists of an electrical circuit with part of the wires inside a magnetic field. This can be seen below. Positive charges move through the circuit in the direction of the light purple arrows. When the charges move up through the part of the coil that is right next to the north pole, the right hand rule tells us that the wire suffers the force, F , pushing the wire in the direction of the blue arrow, toward the back of the sketch. On the other side of the coil, where the charges are moving down through the field, the right hand rule shows the force would push this side of the coil toward the front. These two forces are working together, rotating the coil in the direction of the circular red arrow. Q: An electrical motor changes electrical energy into what? Choices: - chemical energy - solar energy - thermal energy - mechanical energy A:
| A: mechanical energy | 2 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solutions of Liquids in Liquids We know that some liquids mix with each other in all proportions; in other words, they have infinite mutual solubility and are said to be miscible. Ethanol, sulfuric acid, and ethylene glycol (popular for use as antifreeze, pictured in Figure 11.14) are examples of liquids that are completely miscible with water. Two-cycle motor oil is miscible with gasoline. Q: Liquids that mix with each other in all proportions are said to be miscible, maning they have infinite mutual what? Choices: - viscosity - insolubility - salinity - solubility A:
(A).
solubility
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some samples of matter appear to have properties of solids, liquids, and/or gases at the same time. This can occur when the sample is composed of many small pieces. For example, we can pour sand as if it were a liquid because it is composed of many small grains of solid sand. Matter can also have properties of more than one state when it is a mixture, such as with clouds. Clouds appear to behave somewhat like gases, but they are actually mixtures of air (gas) and tiny particles of water (liquid or solid). The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in it. One way to measure an object’s mass is to measure the force it takes to accelerate the object. It takes much more force to accelerate a car than a bicycle because the car has much more mass. A more common way to determine the mass of an object is to use a balance to compare its mass with a standard mass. Although weight is related to mass, it is not the same thing. Weight refers to the force that gravity exerts on an object. This force is directly proportional to the mass of the object. The weight of an object changes as the force of gravity changes, but its mass does not. An astronaut’s mass does not change just because she goes to the moon. But her weight on the moon is only one-sixth her earth-bound weight because the moon’s gravity is only one-sixth that of the earth’s. She may feel “weightless” during her trip when she experiences negligible external forces (gravitational or any other), although she is, of course, never “massless. ” The law of conservation of matter summarizes many scientific observations about matter: It states that there is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (a chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical change). Brewing beer and the operation of batteries provide examples of the conservation of matter (Figure 1.8). During the brewing of beer, the ingredients (water, yeast, grains, malt, hops, and sugar) are... Q: Some samples of matter appear to have properties of solids, liquids, and/or gases at the same time. this can occur when the sample is composed of many what? Choices: - turn pieces - large pieces - few pieces - small pieces A:
(A).
small pieces
(Q).
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 20.3 Capillary Exchange Small molecules can cross into and out of capillaries via simple or facilitated diffusion. Some large molecules can cross in vesicles or through clefts, fenestrations, or gaps between cells in capillary walls. However, the bulk flow of capillary and tissue fluid occurs via filtration and reabsorption. Filtration, the movement of fluid out of the capillaries, is driven by the CHP. Reabsorption, the influx of tissue fluid into the capillaries, is driven by the BCOP. Filtration predominates in the arterial end of the capillary; in the middle section, the opposing pressures are virtually identical so there is no net exchange,. Q: What is the movement of fluid out of the capillaries called? Choices: - diffusion - absorption - osmosis - filtration A:
(A).
| filtration | 8 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Ocean water is most polluted along coasts. That’s because pollution usually enters the water from land. Oil spills also pollute ocean water. Q: Where would you find most pollution of ocean water? Choices: - midocean - poles - trenches - coastline A:
Answer: coastline
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys and from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls. The age when puberty begins is different from one child to another. Children that begin puberty much earlier or later than their peers may feel self-conscious. They may also worry that something is wrong with them. Usually, an early or late puberty is perfectly normal. Q: What is the name of the life stage when a child becomes sexually mature? Choices: - adolescence - maturity - adulthood - puberty A:
Answer: puberty
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Figure 42.10 An antigen is a macromolecule that reacts with components of the immune system. A given antigen may contain several motifs that are recognized by immune cells. Each motif is an epitope. In this figure, the entire structure is an antigen, and the orange, salmon and green components projecting from it represent potential epitopes. Q: An antigen is a macromolecule that reacts with components of what? Choices: - circulatory system - pulmonary system - digestion system - immune system A:
Answer: | immune system | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Polyisoprene is a polymer of isoprene and is better known as rubber. It is produced naturally by rubber trees, but several variants have been developed which demonstrate improvements on the properties of natural rubber. Q: What is polyisoprene better known as? Choices: - rayon - styrofoam - silicon - rubber A:
rubber
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by waves that can travel through empty space. When the waves reach objects, they transfer thermal energy to the objects. This is how the sun’s energy reaches and warms Earth. Q: What is the transfer of thermal energy by waves that can travel through empty space called? Choices: - convection - induction - vibration - radiation A:
radiation
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Through which part of the body do most animals take in oxygen? Choices: - ears - rectum - nose - mouth A:
mouth
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix, and electron transport takes place on the inner membrane. Q: Where does the krebs cycle take place? Choices: - in the nitrogen - in the ozone - in the beam - in the matrix A:
| in the matrix | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Some of the most important animal behaviors involve mating. Mating is the pairing of an adult male and female to produce young. Adults that are most successful at attracting a mate are most likely to have offspring. Traits that help animals attract a mate and have offspring increase their fitness. As the genes that encode these traits are passed to the next generation, the traits will become more common in the population. Q: What is the pairing of an adult male to an adult female to produce young? Choices: - evolution - asexual reproduction - binary fission - mating A:
mating
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Solar cells convert the energy in sunlight to electrical energy. They contain a material such as silicon that absorbs light energy and gives off electrons. The electrons flow and create electric current. Figure below and the animation at the URL below show how a solar cell uses light energy to produce electric current and power a light bulb. Many calculators and other devices are also powered by solar cells. Q: What do solar cells convert the energy in sunlight into? Choices: - free energy - experimental energy - subsequent energy - electrical energy A:
electrical energy
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The pupil is an opening in the front of the eye. It looks black because it doesn’t reflect any light. It allows light to enter the eye. The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed. Q: What is the opening in the front of the eye? Choices: - the macula - the iris - the cornea - the pupil A:
the pupil
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The table salt pictured in the Figure below contains two elements that are so reactive they are rarely found alone in nature. Instead, they undergo chemical reactions with other elements and form compounds. Table salt is the compound named sodium chloride (NaCl). It forms when an atom of sodium (Na) gives up an electron and an atom of chlorine (Cl) accepts it. When this happens, sodium becomes a positively charged ion (Na + ), and chlorine becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl - ). The two ions are attracted to each and join a matrix of interlocking sodium and chloride ions, forming a crystal of salt. Q: Another name for table salt is? Choices: - hydrogen chloride - carbon chloride - dioxide chloride - sodium chloride A:
| sodium chloride | 0 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: There are very few living species of monotremes, or egg-laying mammals. They include the echidna and platypus, both pictured in Figure below . Monotremes are found only in Australia and the nearby island of New Guinea. Q: What's another term for egg-laying mammals? Choices: - viviparus - amphibians - herbivores - monotremes A:
**Answer**
monotremes
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Polychaetes live on the ocean floor. They may be sedentary filter feeders, active predators, or scavengers. Active species crawl along the ocean floor in search of food. Q: Where do polychaetes live? Choices: - the tundra - great plains - lakes - ocean floor A:
**Answer**
ocean floor
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 34.1 | Digestive Systems By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the processes of digestion and absorption • Compare and contrast different types of digestive systems • Explain the specialized functions of the organs involved in processing food in the body • Describe the ways in which organs work together to digest food and absorb nutrients Animals obtain their nutrition from the consumption of other organisms. Depending on their diet, animals can be classified into the following categories: plant eaters (herbivores), meat eaters (carnivores), and those that eat both plants and animals (omnivores). The nutrients and macromolecules present in food are not immediately accessible to the cells. There are a number of processes that modify food within the animal body in order to make the nutrients and organic molecules accessible for cellular function. As animals evolved in complexity of form and function, their digestive systems have also evolved to accommodate their various dietary needs. Q: Animals that have feeding patterns that are somewhere between that of herbivores and carnivores can be called what? Choices: - insectivores - nematodes - megavores - omnivores A:
**Answer**
omnivores
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acid does butter contain? How do you know?. Q: What else besides temperature has an effect on the phase of a substance? Choices: - weight - resistance - energy - pressure A:
**Answer**
| pressure | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Insectivorous Plants An insectivorous plant has specialized leaves to attract and digest insects. The Venus flytrap is popularly known for its insectivorous mode of nutrition, and has leaves that work as traps (Figure 31.16). The minerals it obtains from prey compensate for those lacking in the boggy (low pH) soil of its native North Carolina coastal plains. There are three sensitive hairs in the center of each half of each leaf. The edges of each leaf are covered with long spines. Nectar secreted by the plant attracts flies to the leaf. When a fly touches the sensory hairs, the leaf immediately closes. Next, fluids and enzymes break down the prey and minerals are absorbed by the leaf. Since this plant is popular in the horticultural trade, it is threatened in its original habitat. Q: What helps an insectivorous plant attract and digest insects? Choices: - specialized flowers - special seeds - spines - specialized leaves A:
**Answer**
specialized leaves
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Bone tissue (osseous tissue) differs greatly from other tissues in the body. Bone is hard and many of its functions depend on that characteristic hardness. Later discussions in this chapter will show that bone is also dynamic in that its shape adjusts to accommodate stresses. This section will examine the gross anatomy of bone first and then move on to its histology. Q: Osseous tissue is the tissue that makes up what? Choices: - muscle - brain - liver - bone A:
**Answer**
bone
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs by budding. Sexual reproduction occurs by the production of eggs and sperm. Males release sperm into the water through the osculum. Sperm may enter a female sponge through a pore and fertilize her eggs. The resulting zygotes develop into larvae. Q: Budding in sponges is a form of what type of reproduction? Choices: - sexual - reasonable - competitive - asexual A:
**Answer**
asexual
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The two tonsils are located on either side of the throat. They trap pathogens that enter the body through the mouth or nose. Q: Where are the two tonsils located? Choices: - sinus - nose - tooth - throat A:
**Answer**
| throat | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 23.4 Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution. Q: What is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution? Choices: - genetic drift - neutral selection - artificial selection - natural selection A:
(Answer)
natural selection
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Technically, any redox reaction can be set up to make a voltaic cell. In modern society, however, only certain redox reactions are put to practical use. A portable voltaic cell that generates electricity to power devices for our convenience is called a battery. All batteries are based on redox reactions. The first battery (called a “voltaic pile”) was constructed by the Italian scientist Alessandro Volta in 1800 and was based on the copper/zinc reaction depicted in - ball-ch14_s03_f01. Unfortunately, it was messy, requiring quantities of copper and zinc salts dissolved in water. In 1866, the French scientist Georges Leclanché invented the dry cell, a precursor to today’s modern battery. A schematic of a dry cell is shown in - ball-ch14_s03_f02. The zinc case and the central carbon rod serve as the anode and cathode, respectively. The other reactants are combined into a moist paste that minimizes free liquid, so the battery is less messy (hence the name dry cell). The actual redox reaction is complex but can be represented by the following redox reaction: + 2+ Zn + 2MnO2 + 2NH4 → Zn + Mn2O3 + 2NH3 + H2O A dry cell has a voltage of about 1.56 V. While common and useful, dry cells have relatively short lifetimes and contain acidic components. They also cannot be recharged, so they are one-use only. Batteries that can be used only once are calledprimary batteries. Figure 14.2 Dry Cells. Q: Technically, any redox reaction can be set up to make a what? Choices: - Black Cell - blocky cell - skaht cell - voltaic cell A:
(Answer)
voltaic cell
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. As a result, some carbon atoms are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. They are unsaturated with hydrogens. Unsaturated fatty acids are found in oils. Q: Where are unsaturated fatty acids commonly found? Choices: - animal products - butter - fish - oil A:
(Answer)
| oil | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: When a new air mass moves over a region it brings its characteristics to the region. This may change the area's temperature and humidity. Moving air masses cause the weather to change when they contact different conditions. For example, a warm air mass moving over cold ground may cause an inversion. Q: An inversion may result when what kind of mass moves over cold ground? Choices: - warm water - cold water - cold air - warm air A:
warm air
Answer the following question given this paragraph: An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into any other substances. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. Q: What is a pure substance that cannot be separated into any other substances called? Choices: - light - Cells - Spears - element A:
element
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Hemophilia is a group of diseases in which blood does not clot normally. Factors in blood are involved in clotting. When you bleed, your body begins a coagulation cascade of reactions, involving special proteins known as coagulation factors, to stop that bleeding. When one or more of these clotting factors are missing, there is a higher chance of having dificulties stoping the bleeding. Hemophiliacs lacking the normal Factor VIII are said to have Hemophilia A (or Factor VIII deficiency), the most common form. Hemophilia is a genetic disease, passed down through family. It is linked to the X-chromosome, so it mostly affects males. F8 is the gene for the Factor VIII protein. Mutations in the F8 gene lead to the production of an abnormal version of coagulation factor VIII, or reduce the amount of the protein. The altered or missing protein cannot participate effectively in the blood clotting process. Q: What is the term for diseases in which blood does not clot normally? Choices: - arthritis - diabetes - lymphoma - hemophilia A:
| hemophilia | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Products are substances that are produced in the reaction. Q: Substances produced by a reaction are known as? Choices: - solutions - compounds - minerals - products A:
Ans:products
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves that carry photons of energy called gamma particles. They are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves. Q: Which electromagnetic waves are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves? Choices: - sunlight rays - plasma rays - ultraviolet rays - gamma rays A:
Ans:gamma rays
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: Agamogenesis is any form of reproduction that does not involve a male gamete. These include are parthenogenesis and apomixis. Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in aphids, rotifers, nematodes and some other invertebrates, as well as in many plants and certain lizards, such as the Komodo dragon. Apomixis is asexual reproduction, without fertilization, in plants. Q: Reproduction that doesn't involve a male gamete is also known as what? Choices: - meiosis - mitosis - asexual reproduction - agamogenesis A:
Ans:agamogenesis
-----
Ques:Answer the following question given this paragraph: All that magma and gas pushing upward can make the volcano’s slope begin to swell. Ground swelling may change the shape of a volcano or cause rock falls and landslides. Most of the time, the ground tilting is not visible. Scientists detect it by using tiltmeters, which are instruments that measure the angle of the slope of a volcano. Q: Instruments that measure the angle of the slope of a volcano are called what? Choices: - aberration meters - velocity meters - angle meters - tilt meters A:
Ans: | tilt meters
----- | 9 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Christopher Auyeung. Gas particles move randomly in all directions . CC BY-NC 3.0. Q: Gas particles can move randomly in what directions? Choices: - one direction - few directions - some directions - all directions A:
**Answer**
all directions
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Development of Bone Ossification, or osteogenesis, is the process of bone formation by osteoblasts. Ossification is distinct from the process of calcification; whereas calcification takes place during the ossification of bones, it can also occur in other tissues. Ossification begins approximately six weeks after fertilization in an embryo. Before this time, the embryonic skeleton consists entirely of fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage. The development of bone from fibrous membranes is called intramembranous ossification; development from hyaline cartilage is called endochondral ossification. Bone growth continues until approximately age 25. Bones can grow in thickness throughout life, but after age 25, ossification functions primarily in bone remodeling and repair. Q: What begins approximately six weeks after fertilization in an embryo? Choices: - calcification - elongation - incubation - ossification A:
**Answer**
ossification
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Particles of a hypothetical ideal gas have no significant volume and do not attract or repel each other. In general, real gases approximate this behavior at relatively low pressures and high temperatures. However, at high pressures, the molecules of a gas are crowded closer together, and the amount of empty space between the molecules is reduced. At these higher pressures, the volume of the gas molecules themselves becomes appreciable relative to the total volume occupied by the gas (Figure 9.36). The gas therefore becomes less compressible at these high pressures, and although its volume continues to decrease with increasing pressure, this decrease is not proportional as predicted by Boyle’s law. Q: At high pressures, how are the molecules of a gas crowded? Choices: - few together - further apart - small together - closer together A:
**Answer**
closer together
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Many common electric devices, such as doorbells, contain electromagnets. If they have moving parts, they are likely to have an electric motor. An electric motor is a device that uses an electromagnet to change electrical energy to kinetic energy. Q: What do electric motors use to change electrical energy into kinetic? Choices: - resonances - generators - fans - electromagnets A:
**Answer**
| electromagnets | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: 29.4 | Reptiles By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the main characteristics of amniotes • Explain the difference between anapsids, synapsids, and diapsids, and give an example of each • Identify the characteristics of reptiles • Discuss the evolution of reptiles The amniotes —reptiles, birds, and mammals—are distinguished from amphibians by their terrestrially adapted egg, which is protected by amniotic membranes. The evolution of amniotic membranes meant that the embryos of amniotes were provided with their own aquatic environment, which led to less dependence on water for development and thus allowed the amniotes to branch out into drier environments. This was a significant development that distinguished them from amphibians, which were restricted to moist environments due their shell-less eggs. Although the shells of various amniotic species vary significantly, they all allow retention of water. The shells of bird eggs are composed of calcium carbonate and are hard, but fragile. The shells of reptile eggs are leathery and require a moist environment. Most mammals do not lay eggs (except for monotremes). Instead, the embryo grows within the mother’s body; however, even with this internal gestation, amniotic membranes are still present. Q: What are mammals that lay eggs called? Choices: - kangaroos - amphibians - herbivores - monotremes A:
monotremes
Answer the following question given this paragraph: At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates. The driving force in each direction is equal, because the free energy of the reactants and products under equilibrium conditions is equivalent (ΔG = 0). We also know that, at equilibrium, Q = K eq . For a reaction that has reached equilibrium, the equation above becomes the following:. Q: What state is achieved when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates? Choices: - neutrality - equality - constant - equilibrium A:
equilibrium
Answer the following question given this paragraph: The last step in a scientific investigation is communicating what you have learned with others. This is a very important step because it allows others to test your hypothesis. If other researchers get the same results as yours, they add support to the hypothesis. However, if they get different results, they may disprove the hypothesis. When scientists share their results, they should describe their methods and point out any possible problems with the investigation. Results can be communicated in various ways. A scientist usually contributes material through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Peer-review ensures the material is of an acceptable quality for the scientific community. Scientists also write review articles, book chapters, and even whole books. They also regularly participate in scientific meetings, presenting their material in front of large audiences of their peers. Q: What is the last step in a scientific investigation? Choices: - documenting findings - verifying findings - retesting findings - communicating findings A:
| communicating findings | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. This is also unique for each element. Q: The atomic number is the same as the number of what in an atom? Choices: - neutrons - ions - electrons - protons A:
Answer: protons
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Sperm are released into the surrounding water through the osculum. If they enter a female sponge through a pore, they may be trapped by collar cells. Trapped sperm are delivered to eggs inside the female body, where fertilization takes place. The resulting zygote develops into a larva. Unlike the adult, the larva is motile. It is covered with cilia that propel it through the water. As the larva grows, it becomes more similar to an adult sponge and loses its ability to swim. Q: Unlike an adult sponge, what stage is motile due to cilia that propel it through water? Choices: - parasite - zygote - pupa - larva A:
Answer: larva
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Birds reproduce sexually and have separates sexes. Fertilization occurs internally, so males and females must mate. Many bird species have special behaviors, such as unique songs or visual displays, for attracting mates. These special behaviors are called courtship. The white peacock in Figure below is putting on a stunning display of his amazing tail feathers to court a mate. Q: What are the special mating behaviors in birds called? Choices: - display - attraction - presentation - courtship A:
Answer: | courtship | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the what? Choices: - metabolism bilayer - skin bilayer - carbon bilayer - lipid bilayer A:
Answer: lipid bilayer
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence. This type of reasoning is the basis of the scientific method. Q: What is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence? Choices: - quantum reasoning - primitive reasoning - experimental reasoning - inductive reasoning A:
Answer: inductive reasoning
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Calculating acceleration is complicated if both speed and direction are changing. It’s easier to calculate acceleration when only speed is changing. To calculate acceleration without a change in direction, you just divide the change in velocity (represented by ) by the change in time (represented by ). The formula for acceleration in this case is:. Q: To calculate acceleration without a change in direction, you just divide the change in velocity by the change in what? Choices: - weight - height - size - time A:
Answer: | time | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Describe ways protists are important to humans. Q: All chemical changes involve a transfer of what? Choices: - pressure - fuel - oxygen - energy A:
energy
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Magma that cools underground forms intrusions ( Figure below ). Usually this magma is very viscous felsic magma. This magma does not rise easily and so cools slowly underground. Intrusions become land formations if they are exposed at the surface by uplift and erosion. Q: What does magma that cools underground form? Choices: - anomalies - plates - cracks - intrusions A:
intrusions
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: A transverse wave is characterized by the high and low points reached by particles of the medium as the wave passes through. The high points are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. You can see both in the Figure below . Q: What are the high points in a transverse wave called? Choices: - apex - peaks - waves - crests A:
crests
------
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Living species of chordates are classified into three major subphyla: Vertebrata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata. Vertebrates are all chordates that have a backbone. The other two subphyla are invertebrate chordates that lack a backbone. Members of the subphylum Urochordata are tunicates (also called sea squirts). Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata are lancelets . Both tunicates and lancelets are small and primitive. They are probably similar to the earliest chordates that evolved more than 500 million years ago. Q: Vertebrates are all chordates that have a what? Choices: - circulatory system - fossil - brain - backbone A:
| backbone
------ | 5 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Answer the following question given this paragraph: wavelength : The distance between two crests of a wave of light. The color of light is related to its wavelength. This is inversely proportional to frequency. Q: The distance between two crests of a wave of light is referred to as what, which is related to the color of light? Choices: - magnitude - spectrum - bandwidth - wavelength A:
wavelength
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Opposite charges attract and like charges repulse. Q: Opposite charges attract and like charges do what? Choices: - nothing - rebound - impede - repulse A:
repulse
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Zappy's. Plankton, nekton, and benthos are the three groups of living things in the oceans . CC BY-NC 3.0. Q: Where do plankton, nekton, and benthos live? Choices: - arctic - deserts - forests - in the oceans A:
| in the oceans | 1 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally referred to as semipermeable membranes. Consider the apparatus illustrated in Figure 11.25, in which samples of pure solvent and a solution are separated by a membrane that only solvent molecules may permeate. Solvent molecules will diffuse across the membrane in both directions. Since the concentration of solvent is greater in the pure solvent than the solution, these molecules will diffuse from the solvent side of the membrane to the solution side at a faster rate than they will in the reverse direction. The result is a net transfer of solvent molecules from the pure solvent to the solution. Diffusion-driven transfer of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane is a process known as osmosis. Q: What term means that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity or charge are capable of passing through the material? Choices: - classic permeation - induced permeation - radiation permeation - selective permeation A:
A: selective permeation
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Feathers help birds fly and also provide insulation and serve other purposes. Birds actually have two basic types of feathers: flight feathers and down feathers. Both are shown in Figure below . Flight feathers are long, stiff and waterproof. They provide lift and air resistance without adding weight. Down feathers are short and fluffy. They trap air next to a bird’s skin for insulation. Q: What two basic types of feather does a bird have? Choices: - carrying and down - up and down - flight and landing - flight and down A:
A: flight and down
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Consumers are organisms that depend on other organisms for food. They take in organic molecules by essentially “eating” other living things. They include all animals and fungi. (Fungi don't really “eat”; they absorb nutrients from other organisms. ) They also include many bacteria and even a few plants, such as the pitcher plant shown in Figure below . Consumers are also called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs are classified by what they eat:. Q: Organisms that depend on other organisms for food play what role in the food chain? Choices: - fungus - producer - plant - consumer A:
A: consumer
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Genes play an important part in determining our adult height. However, factors such as poor nutrition can prevent us from achieving our full genetic potential. Q: What factor other than genes is important in determining adult height? Choices: - intelligence - cultivation - relaxation - nutrition A:
| A: nutrition | 2 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: One of the first uses of rockets in space was to launch satellites. A satellite is an object that orbits a larger object. An orbit is a circular or elliptical path around an object. Natural objects in orbit are called natural satellites. The Moon is a natural satellite. Human-made objects in orbit are called artificial satellites. There are more and more artificial satellites orbiting Earth all the time. They all get into space using some sort of rocket. Q: What is an object that orbits a larger object called? Choices: - asteroid - meteorite - comet - satellite A:
Answer: satellite
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Summary 16.1 Spontaneity Chemical and physical processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under certain conditions. A spontaneous process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source, while a nonspontaneous process requires such. Systems undergoing a spontaneous process may or may not experience a gain or loss of energy, but they will experience a change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system. 16.2 Entropy Entropy (S) is a state function that can be related to the number of microstates for a system (the number of ways the system can be arranged) and to the ratio of reversible heat to kelvin temperature. It may be interpreted as a measure of the dispersal or distribution of matter and/or energy in a system, and it is often described as representing the “disorder” of the system. For a given substance, Ssolid < Sliquid < Sgas in a given physical state at a given temperature, entropy is typically greater for heavier atoms or more complex molecules. Entropy increases when a system is heated and when solutions form. Using these guidelines, the sign of entropy changes for some chemical reactions may be reliably predicted. 16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics states that a spontaneous process increases the entropy of the universe, Suniv > 0. If ΔSuniv < 0, the process is nonspontaneous, and if ΔSuniv = 0, the system is at equilibrium. The third law of thermodynamics establishes the zero for entropy as that of a perfect, pure crystalline solid at 0 K. With only one possible microstate, the entropy is zero. We may compute the standard entropy change for a process by using standard entropy values for the reactants and products involved in the process. 16.4 Free Energy Gibbs free energy (G) is a state function defined with regard to system quantities only and may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process. A negative value for ΔG indicates a spontaneous process; a positive ΔG indicates a... Q: What kind of process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source? Choices: - Decay Process - Different Process - induced process - spontaneous process A:
Answer: spontaneous process
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: In many species display behaviors, rather than actual physical attacks, are used to show aggression. This helps prevent injury and death. Male gorillas, for example, are more likely to put on a display of aggression than to attack another male. In fact, gorillas have a whole series of display behaviors that they use to show aggression. They beat on their chest, dash back and forth, and pound the ground with their hands. Q: How do the male gorillas show display behaviors? Choices: - food gathering - vocalization - spontaneous mutation - showing aggression A:
Answer: | showing aggression | 3 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Courtesy of the CDC/Debora Cartagena. Cigarettes are a major source of chemical carcinogens . Q: Cigarettes are a major source of what kind of chemical substances linked with cancer? Choices: - chemicals - pesticides - alkaloids - carcinogens A:
(Answer)
carcinogens
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and what other element make up approximately 96% of living matter? Choices: - calcium - helium - silicon - nitrogen A:
(Answer)
nitrogen
(Question)
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: Macrophages and dendritic cells are types of what" Choices: - amoena cells - supercapacitor cells - mast cells - phagocytic cells A:
(Answer)
| phagocytic cells | 6 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: An aquifer is a layer of saturated porous rock. It lies below the water table. An impermeable layer, such as clay, is below the aquifer. Q: What is a layer of saturated porous rock? Choices: - a shear - an overhang - a quarry - an aquifer A:
**Answer**
an aquifer
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: In the Cell Cycle: Cancer (Advanced) concept, cancer is described as developing due to unregulated cell division. That is, cancer is a disease characterized by a population of cells that grow and divide without respect to normal limits. These cancerous cells invade and destroy adjacent tissues, and they may spread throughout the body. The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells is known as carcinogenesis . This process is also known as oncogenesis or tumorigenesis. Oncogenes are mutated genes involved in the development of cancer. Q: Cancer develops when what process is unregulated? Choices: - metabolism - meiosis - cellular respiration - cell division A:
**Answer**
cell division
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Describe ways protists are important to humans. Q: All chemical changes involve a transfer of what? Choices: - pressure - fuel - oxygen - energy A:
**Answer**
energy
*Question*
Answer the following question given this paragraph: Syndesmoses are joints in which the bones are connected by a band of connective tissue, allowing for more movement than in a suture. An example of a syndesmosis is the joint of the tibia and fibula in the ankle. The amount of movement in these types of joints is determined by the length of the connective tissue fibers. Gomphoses occur between teeth and their sockets; the term refers to the way the tooth fits into the socket like a peg (Figure 38.24). The tooth is connected to the socket by a connective tissue referred to as the periodontal ligament. Q: What are joints in which the bones are connected by a band of connective tissue? Choices: - cartilaginous - saddle - plane - syndesmoses A:
**Answer**
| syndesmoses | 4 | P3 | sciq_Multiple_Choice | fs_noopt |
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