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Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Do changes in basophil activation during grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy correlate with clinical efficacy?
Answer: Allergen reactivity of peripheral blood basophils is not a biomarker for adverse events or early onset of clinical responses to SLIT.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Is human endogenous retrovirus ( HERV ) expression induced by treatment with the histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitors in cellular models of HIV-1 latency?
Answer: We show that HDAC inhibitors did not substantially increase the transcription of the analysed HERV env or pol genes, suggesting that histone acetylation is not crucial for controlling HERV expression in these experimental models and in ex vivo primary human T cells. Importantly, this indicates that unwanted HERV expression does not appear to be a barrier to the use of HDAC inhibitors in HIV-1 cure strategies.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does seminal Helicobacter pylori treatment improve sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men?
Answer: H pylori treatment significantly improves sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men with elevated seminal H pylori IgA.
A: | yes
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA in the mesenteric vein a predictor of hepatic metastasis in patients with resectable colorectal cancer : a long-term study?
Answer: This study failed to demonstrate the high predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen messenger ribonucleic acid detection in the draining venous blood for the development of hepatic metastases. However, the authors demonstrated that the presence of cancer cells in the draining venous blood was the essential and initial step to the development of hepatic metastasis.
A: | no | 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does triptolide inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation in rat airway smooth muscle cells by suppressing Smad signaling?
Answer: Triptolide may function as an inhibitor of asthma airway remodeling by suppressing ASMCs proliferation via negative regulation of Smad signaling pathway.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with psychiatric disorders at greater risk of exacerbations?
Answer: Patients with psychiatric disorders are at greater risk of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting but not those treated in an inpatient setting. These outpatient-managed exacerbations account for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden for COPD, so interventions should target patients with psychiatric disorders to improve management of COPD.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Do young low-income ethnic minority children watch less television when their mothers regulate what they are viewing?
Answer: Our findings suggest that regulating content influences viewing amounts in young children approximately 16 months later. Interventions focused on heightening parental regulation of content may improve content and diminish viewing amounts.
Example Output: | yes
| 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is expression of epigenetic modifiers significantly altered by exposure to secondhand smoke?
Answer: Quantification of the expression of genes encoding DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l), methyl binding domain proteins (Mecp2, Mbd2 and Mbd3) and histone deacetylases (Hdac1 and Hdac2) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed modest but not statistically significant differences in the relative transcription of these key epigenetic regulators between SHS-exposed mice and age-matched controls. The non-significant changes in the expression of main epigenetic modifiers in SHS-exposed mice imply that SHS may predominantly induce genotoxic effects, particularly at non-tumorigenic doses, whereas epigenetic effects may only be secondary and manifest en route to tumor formation.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Does diffusion-tensor imaging implicate prefrontal axonal injury in executive function impairment following very mild traumatic brain injury?
Answer: Impaired executive function following mTBI is associated with axonal injury involving the DLPFC.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Is sickle cell trait associated with chronic kidney disease in adult Congolese patients : a clinic-based , cross-sectional study?
Answer: SCT was not an independent determinant of CKD in the present case series. Traditional risk factors emerged as the main determinants of CKD.
[A]: | no
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Do young low-income ethnic minority children watch less television when their mothers regulate what they are viewing?
Answer: Our findings suggest that regulating content influences viewing amounts in young children approximately 16 months later. Interventions focused on heightening parental regulation of content may improve content and diminish viewing amounts.
| Solution: yes | 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does desflurane accelerate recovery from operations of short duration : a practice audit?
Answer: Our results show that in short procedures the use of desflurane does not necessarily result in faster patient recovery or discharge from the PACU.
| Solution: no | 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Why? The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input: Question: Does dNA hypomethylation of Synapsin II CpG islands associate with increased gene expression in bipolar disorder and major depression?
Answer: These findings contribute to previous work showing dysregulation of Synapsins, particularly SYN2, in mood disorders and improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that precipitate these changes likely leading to the BD or MDD phenotype.
Solution: | yes | 0 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Is β-blocker therapy associated with adverse outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension : a propensity score analysis?
Answer: There was no statistically significant difference in long-term mortality between propensity score-matched pairs of PAH patients with and without β-blocker use. These findings need further validation in prospective clinical trials.
Output: | no | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Is congenital penile pathology associated with abnormal development of the dartos muscle : a prospective study of primary penile surgery at a tertiary referral center?
Answer: Congenital penile pathology (hypospadias, buried penis) is associated with structural anomalies in dartos tissue. Further research is needed to unveil the pathophysiology of the condition.
answer:
yes
question:
Question: Does myeloid knockout of HIF-1 α markedly affect hemorrhage/resuscitation-induced inflammation and hepatic injury?
Answer: Here, deleting HIF-1 α in myeloid cells and thereby in Kupffer cells was not protective after H/R. This data indicates that other factors, such as NF- κB, due to its upregulated phosphorylation in WT and KO mice, contrary to HIF-1 α, are rather key modulators of inflammation after H/R in our model.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Is carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA in the mesenteric vein a predictor of hepatic metastasis in patients with resectable colorectal cancer : a long-term study?
Answer: This study failed to demonstrate the high predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen messenger ribonucleic acid detection in the draining venous blood for the development of hepatic metastases. However, the authors demonstrated that the presence of cancer cells in the draining venous blood was the essential and initial step to the development of hepatic metastasis.
answer:
| no
| 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is three-dimensional speckle strain echocardiography more accurate and efficient than 2D strain in the evaluation of left ventricular function?
Answer: Three-dimensional STE is feasible and reproducible in the estimation of LV function, requires substantially less time than 2DSTE and is a more feasible technique for LV function assessment in clinical practice.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Is the ribbon-associated protein C-terminal-binding protein 1 essential for the structure and function of retinal ribbon synapses?
Answer: Overall the results suggest that CtBP1 protein is not essential for the formation of functional ribbon synapses in the retina.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Do large portion sizes increase bite size and eating rate in overweight women?
Answer: Increasing portion size led to a larger bite size and faster eating rate, but a slower reduction in eating speed during the meal. These changes may underlie greater energy intakes with exposure to large portions. Interventions to reduce bite size and slow eating rate may provide individuals with strategies to reduce the risk of overconsumption.
Answer: | yes
| 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does right ventricular lead positioning influence the benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation?
Answer: In this randomized controlled study, the exact RV pacing site, either apex or outflow tract, did not influence the benefits of CRT in a group of patients with chronic heart failure and AF. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00457834.
A: | no | 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does combination of isoliquiritigenin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induce apoptosis in colon cancer HT29 cells?
Answer: Our results suggest that isoliquiritigenin has the potential to overcome resistance to TRAIL in cancer cells and its chemopreventive effects may depend on TRAIL function.
A: | yes | 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does local lymph node involvement predict poor outcome in pediatric renal cell carcinoma?
Answer: Children with lymph node-positive RCC in the absence of distant metastatic disease had a relatively favorable long-term prognosis, with survival rate nearly triple those of adult historical controls. Until highly effective therapies for RCC are identified, these children should not be exposed to adjuvant treatment. Further investigation of the biologic differences between adult and pediatric RCC is warranted.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Is cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin an independent predictor of progression of conventional renal cell carcinoma : a simple immunostaining score?
Answer: Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression is an independent prognostic factor for conventional RCC, and may help to identify patients with a high risk of cancer-specific death and to direct optimized active surveillance or adjuvant therapy.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Are the early response genes c-jun and HSP-70 induced in regional cardiac stunning in conscious mammals?
Answer: The induction of early-response genes observed here may indicate that they play an adaptive role in myocardial stunning, even in conscious mammals.
[EX A]: | yes
| 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does carotid atherosclerosis predict coronary , vertebral , or aortic atherosclerosis in patients with acute stroke symptoms?
Answer: Significant atherosclerotic disease in the carotid arteries does not predict significant atherosclerotic disease in the coronary arteries, vertebral arteries, or aorta in patients with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. Significant atherosclerotic disease is most often isolated to 1 type of artery in these patients, whereas nonsignificant atherosclerotic disease tends to be more systemic.
Output: | no | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does two-stage hepatectomy with effective perioperative chemotherapy induce tumor growth or growth factor expression in liver metastases from colorectal cancer?
Answer: Two-stage hepatectomy did not seem to induce tumor growth activity or growth factor expression. The 2-stage strategy in combination with effective preoperative chemotherapy is a valuable strategy for colorectal metastases.
Output: | no | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Do cell-surface estrogen receptors mediate calcium-dependent nitric oxide release in human endothelia?
Answer: Physiological doses of estrogen immediately stimulate NO release from human endothelial cells through activation of a cell-surface estrogen receptor that is coupled to increases in intracellular calcium.
Student: | yes | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does miR-124 suppress tumor growth and metastasis by targeting Foxq1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Answer: Our results demonstrate that miR-124 functions as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in NPC, and that its suppressive effects are mediated chiefly by repressing Foxq1 expression. MiR-124 could serve as an independent biomarker to identify patients with different clinical characteristics. Therefore, our findings provide valuable clues toward the understanding the of mechanisms of NPC pathogenesis and provide an opportunity to develop new effective clinical therapies in the future.
Output: | yes | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does cardiac-specific ablation of synapse-associated protein SAP97 in mice decrease potassium currents but not sodium current?
Answer: These data suggest that ablation of SAP97 in the mouse heart mainly alters potassium channel function. Based on the important role of SAP97 in regulating the QT interval, DLG1 may be a susceptibility gene to be investigated in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.
Solution: | yes | 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Do lactotripeptides lower ambulatory blood pressure in untreated whites : results from 2 controlled multicenter crossover studies?
Answer: The data do not support a BP-lowering effect of LTPs in whites.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is dietary docosahexaenoic acid-induced generation of liver lipid peroxides suppressed further by elevated levels of glutathione in ODS rats?
Answer: Higher than normal levels of dietary methionine are not necessarily associated with decreased dietary DHA-induced generation of tissue lipid peroxides and VE consumption except that the GSH requirement is increased in a condition such as acetaminophen feeding.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Does phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ regulate fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation through endoplasmic reticulum stress?
Answer: These findings suggest that PI3K-δ regulates Af-induced steroid-resistant eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation through ER stress.
[A]: | yes
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do the synergistic effects of shear stress and cyclic hydrostatic pressure modulate chondrogenic induction of human mesenchymal stem cells?
Answer: Differentiation of ASCs was shown by a modest increase in gene expression profiles. In general, BSCs expressed higher levels of chondrogenic gene expression than ASCs after 3 weeks. A greater effect on Col II and SOX9 mRNA expression was observed when combined loadings were applied. Results may be applied in determining the proper loading sequence for obtaining functional target cells in cartilage engineering applications.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis predict worse caregiver 's health-related quality of life?
Answer: MS patients' caregivers' HRQoL is significantly influenced by information processing speed impairment of MS patients.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are genes associated with antibody-dependent cell activation overexpressed in renal biopsies from patients with antibody-mediated rejection?
Answer: ADCC pathways are active in transplant patients with ABMR, and likely mediate allograft injury, providing a potential mechanism for C4d negative ABMR.
| Output: yes
| 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Is hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of patient delay in pulmonary tuberculosis in rural areas?
Answer: Patient delay appears to be a serious problem in this rural area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. Hyperglycemia is independently associated with an increased probability of patient delay, which, in turn, may result in more serious clinical manifestations.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Is microvasculopathy observed in early or late endomyocardial biopsies related to angiographically confirmed transplanted heart coronary vasculopathy?
Answer: Microvasculopathy observed early or late after OHT was not related to angiographically confirmed CAV.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does increased production of soluble CTLA-4 in patients with spondylarthropathies correlate with disease activity?
Answer: SpA patients exhibit high levels of circulating sCTLA-4 that may result from an alternative splicing of CTLA-4 transcripts. This may influence immune activation and regulation in SpA.
[EX A]: | yes
| 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does increased production of soluble CTLA-4 in patients with spondylarthropathies correlate with disease activity?
Answer: SpA patients exhibit high levels of circulating sCTLA-4 that may result from an alternative splicing of CTLA-4 transcripts. This may influence immune activation and regulation in SpA.
Solution: | yes | 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Are autoimmune features associated with chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis?
Answer: There is marked overlap of certain immune markers in patients with pouch dysfunction, especially those with CARP. Microsomal antibody expression and elevated IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration were independent risk factors for CARP.
A: | yes | 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Does l-Tryptophan influence acute ventilatory response at moderate altitude?
Answer: L-tryptophan does not impair ventilatory adaptation to mild hypoxia at moderate altitude.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Are polymorphisms in SPINK5 associated with asthma in a Dutch population?
Answer: The negative results in this study suggest that SPINK5 is not associated with asthma or atopic phenotypes in individuals ascertained by a proband with asthma. This is consistent with the finding that SPINK5 is not expressed in the lung. Because our patients were ascertained for asthma, a role of SPINK5 in atopic dermatitis cannot be excluded.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Does overexpression or mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene occur in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors?
Answer: Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene may not be associated with the pathogenesis of ovarian germ cell tumors. Instead, genetic changes such as inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes and/or activation of some protooncogenes need to be studied to determine the genetic mechanisms of the tumor development.
answer:
| no
| 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does recursive partitioning analysis ( RPA ) class predict survival in patients with four or more brain metastases?
Answer: Patients with four or more brain metastases seem to represent a group with unfavorable prognosis where remission of brain metastases or administration of more than 30 Gy were not associated with increased survival. The number of patients in RPA class I was too small to draw final conclusions. However, there was absolutely no survival difference between patients in class II (median survival 3.6 months) and III (median 4.2 months).
Solution: | no | 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Is functional variation in VEGF associated with type 2 diabetes in a United Kingdom Caucasian population?
Answer: This is the first large-scale study to examine the association between common functional variation in VEGF and type 2 diabetes risk. We have found no evidence that these three single nucleotide polymorphisms, shown previously to alter VEGF concentrations, are risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a large UK Caucasian case-control and family-based study.
Solution: | no | 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Is evidence that the lung Adenocarcinoma EML4-ALK fusion gene caused by exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke during childhood?
Answer: The EML4-ALK fusion gene is not enriched in tumors from individuals exposed to SHS during childhood.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
Answer: In the acute phase of RSD of the lower extremity there is no evidence for abnormal A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes or for defective regulation of such reflexes. This finding has implications for both the theory on RSD pathophysiology and RSD models, which are based on abnormal functioning of A-beta fibres.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does recursive partitioning analysis ( RPA ) class predict survival in patients with four or more brain metastases?
Answer: Patients with four or more brain metastases seem to represent a group with unfavorable prognosis where remission of brain metastases or administration of more than 30 Gy were not associated with increased survival. The number of patients in RPA class I was too small to draw final conclusions. However, there was absolutely no survival difference between patients in class II (median survival 3.6 months) and III (median 4.2 months).
Answer: | no
| 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does nitric acid passivation affect in vitro biocompatibility of titanium?
Answer: Although the protocol for passivation used here could interfere with the pattern of ions released from Ti-6Al-4V and cpTi surfaces, the present study did not show any effect of this surface treatment on in vitro biocompatibility of Ti as evaluated by osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Is cerebral inflammation an underlying mechanism of early death in Alzheimer 's disease : a 13-year cause-specific multivariate mortality study?
Answer: This is the first study to link neuroinflammation independently to early death in AD and, hence, a rapidly progressing disease. Frontal and medial temporal atrophies and low cognition were also significant predictors. These are probably downstream biomarkers that reflect neuronal degeneration and late-stage disease. Our results suggest that inflammation, and not amyloid or tau pathology, is an independent underlying mechanism in the malignancy of AD.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Do multiple monophasic shocks improve electrotherapy of ventricular tachycardia in a rabbit model of chronic infarction?
Answer: Maintenance of shock-induced virtual electrode polarization by multiple monophasic shocks over a VT cycle is responsible for unpinning of reentry leading to self-termination. Elimination of virtual electrode polarization by shock polarity reversal during multiple biphasic shocks proved ineffective. A significant reduction in CVT can be achieved by applying multiple monophasic shocks within one VT CL or one single shock at the proper coupling interval.
Answer: | yes
| 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is three-dimensional speckle strain echocardiography more accurate and efficient than 2D strain in the evaluation of left ventricular function?
Answer: Three-dimensional STE is feasible and reproducible in the estimation of LV function, requires substantially less time than 2DSTE and is a more feasible technique for LV function assessment in clinical practice.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does eHD3-dependent endosome pathway regulate cardiac membrane excitability and physiology?
Answer: These data provide new insight into the critical role of endosome-based pathways in membrane protein targeting and cardiac physiology. EHD3 is a critical component of protein trafficking in heart and is essential for the proper membrane targeting of select cellular proteins that maintain excitability.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does radiographic Stage Correlate With Symptom Severity in Thumb Basilar Joint Osteoarthritis?
Answer: Radiographic severity in TBJA does not correlate with validated patient-reported symptom scores. Metrics that link radiographic and subjective components of TBJA may improve surgical decision making and monitoring of treatment response.
| Output: no
| 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Detailed Instructions: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Are genomic pneumococcal load and CSF cytokines related to outcome in Malawian adults with meningitis?
Answer: Mortality from pneumococcal meningitis in adults in sub-Saharan Africa is not related to pneumococcal bacterial load. More research is needed to understand the very high mortality from meningitis in this region.
Solution: | no | 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Do associations of Heart Rate With Inflammatory Markers Are Modulated by Gender and Obesity in Older Adults?
Answer: Faster HR is associated with proinflammatory state in elderly patients; this association seems to be limited to women with higher BMI.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Is serum Reg-Ialpha suitable marker of metabolic syndrome?
Answer: Our study, for the first time, indicates that serum Reg-1alpha is not useful for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (Tab. 3, Ref. 7).
Ex Output:
no
Ex Input:
Question: Does addition of sialidase or p38 MAPK inhibitors ameliorate decrements in platelet in vitro storage properties caused by 4 °C storage?
Answer: Addition of either sialidase or p38 MAPK inhibitors do not improve any in vitro parameters of PLTs stored at 4 °C in 100% plasma.
Ex Output:
| no
| 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Do multiple monophasic shocks improve electrotherapy of ventricular tachycardia in a rabbit model of chronic infarction?
Answer: Maintenance of shock-induced virtual electrode polarization by multiple monophasic shocks over a VT cycle is responsible for unpinning of reentry leading to self-termination. Elimination of virtual electrode polarization by shock polarity reversal during multiple biphasic shocks proved ineffective. A significant reduction in CVT can be achieved by applying multiple monophasic shocks within one VT CL or one single shock at the proper coupling interval.
Student: | yes | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Does cYP3A5 genotype influence everolimus in vitro metabolism and clinical pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients?
Answer: This study provides direct and indirect evidence that CYP3A5 genotyping cannot help improve everolimus therapy.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Is plasminogen activation by fibroblasts from periodontal ligament and gingiva directly affected by chemokines in vitro?
Answer: These results suggest that plasminogen activation by PDL and GF is not directly affected by the chemokines even in the presence of the inflammatory mediators TGF-beta and IL-1.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Does vitamin D fortification of milk products resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men?
Answer: Vitamin D fortification of milk products slightly but insufficiently improved the poor vitamin D status of young Finnish men during winter. Further supplementation is warranted in order to normalize vitamin D levels and to support achievement of maximum peak bone mass.
A: | no
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Does early childhood heart rate predict externalizing behavior problems at age 7 years?
Answer: In this sample, heart rate does not predict externalizing behavior at age 7.
Answer: | no | 8 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does dynamic measurement of intrinsic PEEP represent the lowest intrinsic PEEP?
Answer: The value of PEEPi-dyn was dependent on ventilatory settings, and PEEPi-dyn does not necessarily represent the lowest regional PEEPi within the lungs.
A: | no | 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Is the induction of CXCR4 expression in human osteoblast-like cells ( MG63 ) by CoCr particles regulated by the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway?
Answer: The induction of CXCR4-specific mRNA expression in MG63 cells after stimulation with CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway and not by the MAPK/ERK pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016.
Answer: | yes | 8 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot lead to increased postoperative resource utilization?
Answer: Extracardiac anomalies, prematurity, low birth weight, and nonelective surgical intervention are predictors of increased morbidity and increased hospital resource utilization and impose a significant cost burden to the care of these patients. Early primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot can be safely performed without any increase in morbidity or increased hospital resource utilization.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does l-Tryptophan influence acute ventilatory response at moderate altitude?
Answer: L-tryptophan does not impair ventilatory adaptation to mild hypoxia at moderate altitude.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Does dynamic measurement of intrinsic PEEP represent the lowest intrinsic PEEP?
Answer: The value of PEEPi-dyn was dependent on ventilatory settings, and PEEPi-dyn does not necessarily represent the lowest regional PEEPi within the lungs.
[EX A]: | no
| 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are enemas , suppositories and rectal stimulation effective in accelerating enteral feeding or meconium evacuation in low-birthweight infants : a systematic review?
Answer: Suppositories were ineffective in shortening the time to reach full enteral feeding, and the evidence on enemas was contradictory. Enemas and rectal stimulation did not shorten the time until complete meconium evacuation was reached. Further research into safe, effective interventions to accelerate meconium excretion is needed.
no
Question: Does serum HCV RNA titer predict the severity of liver damage in HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase levels?
Answer: In HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase levels viraemia does not predict the grade of HCV-related chronic liver disease (CLD), although subjects with higher HCV RNA levels seem to have more severe fibrosis. Although these data suggest that patients with higher viraemia might have more intense architectural changes and more severe progression of liver disease than those with lower levels of HCV replication, the weak and imprecise correlation leads us to conclude that HCV RNA quantitation is not a useful indicator in clinical practice in the selection of patients for liver biopsy.
no
Question: Does housing temperature influence the pattern of heat shock protein induction in mice following mild whole body hyperthermia?
Answer: Taken together, these data show that housing temperature significantly influences the expression of HSPs in mice after whole body heating and thus should be considered when stress responses are studied in mice.
| yes
| 0 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does hypoxia interfere with connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) gene expression in human proximal tubular cell lines?
Answer: We provide evidence that hypoxia inhibits CTGF synthesis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells, involving HIF-1alpha. Under hypoxic conditions, induction of CTGF by TGF-beta was repressed. The reduced synthesis of the profibrotic factor CTGF may contribute to a potential protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning in acute renal injury.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Is the phenotypic predisposition of the parent in F1 hybrid correlated with transcriptome preference of the positive general combining ability parent?
Answer: The results revealed that the transcriptome profiles and DEGs in the F1s were highly related to phenotype bias to the positive GCA-effect parent. The transcriptome bias toward high GCA parents in F1 hybrids attributed to H3K36me3 modification both on global modification level and specific signaling pathways. Our results indicated the transcriptome profile and epigenetic modification level bias to high GCA parents could be the molecular basis of GCA.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Does computer simulation of lumbar flexion show shear of the facet capsular ligament?
Answer: We found that in-plane and through-plane shear deformations are widely present in finite element simulations of a lumbar FCL during flexion. Importantly, we conclude that future studies of the FCL must consider the effects of both shear and tensile deformations.
[EX A]: | yes
| 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does a new approach to an old hypothesis ; phototherapy affect ductal patency via PGE2 and PGI2?
Answer: There was no effect of PT on ductal patency. We can conclude that PGs were eliminated simultaneously with ductal closure and photorelaxation effect did not influence PG levels.
A: | no | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Do human adenovirus Ad36 and its E4orf1 gene enhance cellular glucose uptake even in the presence of inflammatory cytokines?
Answer: Unlike Ad36, E4orf1 does not appear to stimulate inflammatory response. Ad36 and E4orf1 both enhance cellular glucose uptake even in presence of inflammation. Further research is needed to harness this novel and beneficial property of E4orf1 to improve hyperglycemia despite chronic inflammation that is commonly present in aging and obesity.
Output: | yes | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does successful AV fistula creation lead to higher catheter use : the experience by the Northwest Renal Network 16 Vascular Access Quality Improvement Program . Four years follow-up?
Answer: The success of Network 16's AVF interventions demonstrates the effectiveness of Network education promoting multidisciplinary teamwork, and innovative strategies to increase dramatically AVF use without substantial increase in catheter use.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with psychiatric disorders at greater risk of exacerbations?
Answer: Patients with psychiatric disorders are at greater risk of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting but not those treated in an inpatient setting. These outpatient-managed exacerbations account for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden for COPD, so interventions should target patients with psychiatric disorders to improve management of COPD.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Does incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery cause transient symptomatic hypocalcemia?
Answer: Unintended parathyroidectomy, although not uncommon, is not associated with symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemia. Modified radical neck dissection may increase the risk of incidental parathyroidectomy. Most of the glands removed were intrathyroidal, so changes in surgical technique are unlikely to markedly reduce this risk.
Answer: | no
| 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is congenital penile pathology associated with abnormal development of the dartos muscle : a prospective study of primary penile surgery at a tertiary referral center?
Answer: Congenital penile pathology (hypospadias, buried penis) is associated with structural anomalies in dartos tissue. Further research is needed to unveil the pathophysiology of the condition.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is cerebral inflammation an underlying mechanism of early death in Alzheimer 's disease : a 13-year cause-specific multivariate mortality study?
Answer: This is the first study to link neuroinflammation independently to early death in AD and, hence, a rapidly progressing disease. Frontal and medial temporal atrophies and low cognition were also significant predictors. These are probably downstream biomarkers that reflect neuronal degeneration and late-stage disease. Our results suggest that inflammation, and not amyloid or tau pathology, is an independent underlying mechanism in the malignancy of AD.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is endocan useful biomarker of survival and severity in sepsis?
Answer: Results of our study show that endocan can be used as strong and significant predictor of sepsis severity and outcome, perhaps even better than SOFA and APACHE II scores.
A: | yes
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Are flavones from Erythrina falcata modulators of fear memory?
Answer: Our results demonstrate that vitexin, isovitexin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside and flavonoidic fractions resulted in a significant retention of fear memory but did not prevent the extinction of fear memory. These results further substantiate that the treatment with pure flavonoids or flavanoid-rich fractions might represent potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurocognitive disorders, improvement of memory acquisition and spontaneous recovery of fear.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is low caregiver health literacy associated with higher pediatric emergency department use and nonurgent visits?
Answer: Over half of caregivers presenting with their children to the ED have low health literacy. Low caregiver health literacy is an independent predictor of higher ED use and use of the ED for nonurgent conditions. In children without a chronic illness, low health literate caregivers had more than 3 times greater odds of presenting for a nonurgent condition than those with adequate health literacy.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Is increased insulin-like growth factor 1 production by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes dependent on growth hormone action?
Answer: This study indicates that the elevated synthesis of IGF-1 by adult human OA chondrocytes occurs through a GH/GHR-independent mechanism, suggesting that other factors are capable of controlling local IGF-1 production in these cells.
A: | no
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does physical exercise antagonize clinical and anatomical features characterizing Lieber-DeCarli diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders?
Answer: ET used as a therapeutic tool mitigated the clinical/anatomical-related features induced by Liber-DeCarli diet, thus possibly contributing to control obesity and metabolic disorders.
A: | yes | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Is lymphocyte transformation test helpful for the diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: LTT with MTX in RA patients is not appropriate to detect MTX-induced pneumonitis.
Answer: | no | 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does the rtPA increase MMP-9 activity in serum during ischaemic stroke?
Answer: Thrombolysis applied for IS treatment increases MMP-9 activity in serum, however, rtPA does not facilitate the conversion of pro-MMP-9 into the active form. Our results also suggest the involvement of MMP-3 to the biochemical processes occurring during acute phase of IS.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Do changes in basophil activation during grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy correlate with clinical efficacy?
Answer: Allergen reactivity of peripheral blood basophils is not a biomarker for adverse events or early onset of clinical responses to SLIT.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Does physical exercise antagonize clinical and anatomical features characterizing Lieber-DeCarli diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders?
Answer: ET used as a therapeutic tool mitigated the clinical/anatomical-related features induced by Liber-DeCarli diet, thus possibly contributing to control obesity and metabolic disorders.
Answer: | yes
| 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does prolonged hemorrhagic shock impair regeneration of plasma coagulant masses in the rabbit?
Answer: Dilutional coagulopathy corrects spontaneously within hours. Normovolemic shock prolongs dilutional coagulopathy not by impairment of factor regeneration but because of further (internal) dilution due to plasma expansion. Rapid correction of dilutional coagulopathy is likely to necessitate cryoprecipitate administration.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Are the Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention ( ROADMAP ) observational follow-up study : benefits of RAS blockade with olmesartan treatment sustained after study discontinuation?
Answer: Development of microalbuminuria is a valid marker for future CV events. RAS blockade with Olmesartan might cause sustained reduction (legacy effect) of micro- and macrovascular events.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does single oral dose of maraviroc prevent ex-vivo HIV infection of rectal mucosa in HIV-1 negative human volunteers?
Answer: An ex-vivo challenge with a single oral dose of MVC does not prevent ex-vivo infection of human rectal mucosa. The lack of prophylactic efficacy observed suggests that 'on demand' MVC preexposure prophylaxis would not prevent rectal HIV-1 transmission.
[A]: | no
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Does allergic Lung Inflammation aggravate Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice?
Answer: This study suggests a pathological link between airway allergic disease and AAA. Production of one disease aggravates the progression of the other.
Solution: | yes | 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does short-hairpin RNA-mediated MTA2 silencing inhibit human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 proliferation and metastasis?
Answer: For the first time to our knowledge we showed that MTA2 depletion could significantly inhibit human breast cancer cell growth and metastasis, implying that MTA2 might be involved in the progression of breast cancer. The role of MTA2 in breast cancer growth and metastasis might be linked with regulation of matrix metalloproteinase and apoptosis.
Output: | yes | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Why? The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input: Question: Does reconstruction of the Posterolateral Corner After Sequential Sectioning restore Knee Kinematics?
Answer: The PFL has a key role between 30° and 90° of flexion, and the lateral collateral ligament plays a role in extension. Reconstruction with the modified Larson technique restores these 2 complementary stabilizers of the knee.
Solution: | yes | 0 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Does [ Sanhuangyinchi decoction pretreatment ameliorate acute hepatic failure in rats by suppressing antioxidant stress and caspase-3 expression ]?
Answer: SHYCD pretreatment can dose-dependently ameliorate AHF in rats possibly by suppressing antioxidant stress and caspase-3 expression to decrease hepatic cell apoptosis.
Solution: | yes | 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Do [ Cerebral Doppler measurements in risk newborn infants have a prognostic value ]?
Answer: Cerebral doppler seems to be of little value to determine the prognosis of newborns at risk.
A: | no | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is lamin A/C deficiency an independent risk factor for cervical cancer?
Answer: Lamin A/C deficiency may serve as an independent risk factor for CIN development and as an indicator for preventive therapy in cervical cancer.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does post-exercise heart-rate recovery correlate to resting heart-rate variability in healthy men?
Answer: HRR from the 1st to 5th min post-exercise negatively correlated with parasympathetic modulation in resting orthostatic, but showed no correlation in supine position. At the 3rd and 5th min, a positive correlation with combined sympathetic-parasympathetic modulation in both positions was observed.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Do [ Cerebral Doppler measurements in risk newborn infants have a prognostic value ]?
Answer: Cerebral doppler seems to be of little value to determine the prognosis of newborns at risk.
Ex Output:
| no
| 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does novel Manganese-Porphyrin Superoxide Dismutase-Mimetic widen the Therapeutic Margin in a Preclinical Head and Neck Cancer Model?
Answer: MnBuOE widens the therapeutic margin by decreasing the dose of radiation required to control tumor, while increasing normal tissue resistance to RT-mediated injury. This is the first study to quantitatively demonstrate the magnitude of a single drug's ability to radioprotect normal tissue while radiosensitizing tumor.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Do distinct resting-state perfusion patterns underlie psychomotor retardation in unipolar vs. bipolar depression?
Answer: The differences in rCBF and in the localization of the clusters of positive AL/rCBF correlations between BP and UP suggest that different neural impairments may underlie motor symptoms in the two disorders, but finally converge in phenotypically similar manifestations.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is bacteremia associated with central venous catheter infection an independent predictor of outcomes?
Answer: The presence of bloodstream infection in addition to catheter infection does not appear to alter outcomes. The definition of catheter infection perhaps should be extended to include catheter infections without bloodstream infection in the presence of systemic illness without another source.
Example Output: | no
| 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Why? The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input: Question: Does 2D cine DENSE with low encoding frequencies accurately quantify cardiac mechanics with improved image characteristics?
Answer: For 2D cine DENSE with through-plane dephasing, the encoding frequency can be lowered to 0.04 cycles/mm without compromising the quantification of twist or strain. The amount of wrapping can be reduced with this lower value to greatly simplify the input to unwrapping algorithms. The strain and twist results from studies using different encoding frequencies can be directly compared.
Solution: | yes | 0 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does extended pattern prostate biopsy minimize the volume-grade bias in prostate cancer detection?
Answer: Although more high grade cancers are detected with extended pattern biopsy, there is no differential upgrading with respect to prostate volume. Based on these observations extended prostate sampling in trials of agents that decrease prostate volume would have minimal impact on volume-grade associations.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition alter the non-coding RNA transcriptome following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury?
Answer: These results suggest a biologic role for non-coding, IDO-dependent genes in regulating the early response to IRI.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do the reasons students choose to undertake a nursing degree?
Answer: Nursing remains a career of choice for young and mature students entering university. It is seen to provide security, interest and opportunity to help and care for others. Universities must focus on this as they develop programmes for a generation where multiple changes of career appear inevitable during their lifetime. The nursing profession needs to look at career pathways after graduation that provide these challenges within nursing itself.
| Output: yes
| 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Does frailty predict major bleeding within 30days in elderly patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Answer: Frailty phenotype, as a marker of biological vulnerability, is an independent predictor of major bleeding in elderly patients with ACS. Frailty can play an important role in bleeding risk stratification and objective indices should be integrated into routine initial evaluation of these patients.
yes
Question: Is eD bedside point-of-care lactate in patients with suspected sepsis associated with reduced time to iv fluids and mortality?
Answer: Implementation of bedside POC lactate measurement in adult ED patients with suspected sepsis reduces time to test results and time to administration of IV fluids but not antibiotics. A significant reduction in mortality and ICU admissions was also demonstrated, which is likely due, at least in part, to POC testing.
yes
Question: Is lymphocyte transformation test helpful for the diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: LTT with MTX in RA patients is not appropriate to detect MTX-induced pneumonitis.
| no
| 0 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Are methotrexate-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules highly effective in the control of inflammation in synovial cells and a chronic arthritis model?
Answer: The MTX-LNC were better than the MTX solution at reducing proinflammatory cytokines and T-cell-derived cytokines such as interferon-gamma and interleukin-17A. This result, combined with the reduction in the dose required for therapy, shows that MTX-LNC are a very promising system for the treatment of RA.
Student: | yes | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis in the remote non-infarcted myocardium following large myocardial infarction?
Answer: Long-term treatment with the antioxidants probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 like activity and the expression of p53, bax and caspase-3 within RM in rats after a large myocardial infarction.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does exenatide at therapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations prolong the QTc interval in healthy subjects?
Answer: These results demonstrated that exenatide, at supratherapeutic concentrations, does not prolong QTc and provide an example of methodology for QT assessment of drugs with an inherent heart rate effect.
| Output: no
| 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Does genome editing of isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate long QT phenotype for drug testing?
Answer: Our study demonstrates that iPSC-CM-based disease models can be rapidly generated by overexpression of dominant negative gene mutants.
Answer: | yes | 8 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Do antiphospholipid antibodies correlate with stroke severity and outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?
Answer: In young stroke patients with APS, serum levels of IgM aCL within 48 h are correlated with stroke severity and levels of IgG anti-β2GPI within 48 h are correlated with three-month outcomes.
Student: | yes | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does low-Dose Docetaxel Combined with Dexamethasone be Feasible for Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer?
Answer: Low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone is feasible in Japanese CRPC patients. Hematological toxicity is less than that seen with standard docetaxel therapy, but it is necessary to monitor patients for severe nonhematological toxicities, particularly very elderly patients.
A: | yes | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Do induction pegylated interferon alfa-2a and high dose ribavirin increase SVR in heavy patients with HCV genotype 1 and high viral loads?
Answer: In patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who are difficult to treat (high viral load, body weight ≥85 kg), a 12-week induction regimen of peginterferon alfa-2a and/or higher-dose ribavirin is not more effective than the standard regimen.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Do lactotripeptides lower ambulatory blood pressure in untreated whites : results from 2 controlled multicenter crossover studies?
Answer: The data do not support a BP-lowering effect of LTPs in whites.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Do antiphospholipid antibodies correlate with stroke severity and outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?
Answer: In young stroke patients with APS, serum levels of IgM aCL within 48 h are correlated with stroke severity and levels of IgG anti-β2GPI within 48 h are correlated with three-month outcomes.
answer:
| yes
| 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Do statin drugs decrease progression to cirrhosis in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals?
Answer: Statin drug use is beneficial in mitigating the risk of liver disease progression for HIV/HCV co-infected patients without advanced liver disease. Low-HDL and diabetes in co-infected patients with abnormal ALT have greater risk of cirrhosis development.
A: | yes | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Does invasive aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker for arterial stiffness predict outcome of renal sympathetic denervation?
Answer: Patients with lower pulse wave velocity showed a significantly better response to denervation. These findings emphasise that pulse wave velocity might be used as a selection criterion for renal denervation.
Solution: | yes | 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does oxidative status in the macula densa modulate tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness in angiotensin II-induced hypertension?
Answer: Under physiological conditions, TGF response is mainly controlled by the NO generated in the macula densa; in Ang II induced hypertension, the TGF response is mainly controlled by the O2- generated by the macula densa.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does extended pattern prostate biopsy minimize the volume-grade bias in prostate cancer detection?
Answer: Although more high grade cancers are detected with extended pattern biopsy, there is no differential upgrading with respect to prostate volume. Based on these observations extended prostate sampling in trials of agents that decrease prostate volume would have minimal impact on volume-grade associations.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Does the dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 show strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model?
Answer: Our study showed that PP242 showed strong antitumor activity in a pheochromocytoma PC12 cell tumor model. Based on our study, dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitors warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for malignant pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas.
[A]: | yes
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Ex Input:
Question: Is cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin an independent predictor of progression of conventional renal cell carcinoma : a simple immunostaining score?
Answer: Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression is an independent prognostic factor for conventional RCC, and may help to identify patients with a high risk of cancer-specific death and to direct optimized active surveillance or adjuvant therapy.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Does constitutive secretion of Interleukin-4 dictate CD133+ side population cells to resist drug treatment and cell death?
Answer: Our data suggest that the autocrine secretion of IL-4 is a potential target for the development of novel anticancer drugs to prevent the CSCs-mediated therapy failure and tumorigenesis.
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Question: Is 131I therapy and Graves ' disease in a long term observation : euthyroidism a suitable goal . Our experience?
Answer: 131I can be the first line treatment for Graves' disease in small-medium thyroids. Calculated doses can achieve a high amount of long term euthyroid patients. Similar results could be expected by fixed doses of 10 mCi.
Ex Output:
| yes
| 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[EX Q]: Question: Does production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 require depletion of APOBEC3G from virus-producing cells?
Answer: Our results suggest that Vif and APOBEC3G can be efficiently co-expressed. Thus, depletion of APOBEC3G from Vif expressing cells as suggested previously is not a universal property of Vif and thus is not imperative for the production of infectious virions.
[EX A]: no
[EX Q]: Question: Is s100A8 a novel therapeutic target for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?
Answer: These findings establish a novel role for S100A8 in the promoting and enhancing of ATC progression. They further suggest that the inhibition of S100A8 could represent a relevant therapeutic target, with the potential of enabling a more effective treatment path for this deadly disease.
[EX A]: yes
[EX Q]: Question: Is epidemic MRSA clone ST22-IV more resistant to multiple host- and environment-related stresses compared with ST228-I?
Answer: Our results support our hypothesis that ST22-IV has a fitness advantage over ST228-I. This fitness advantage could have allowed ST22-IV to displace ST228-I without acquiring additional resistances and could help explain its epidemic success in hospital settings and its spread in Europe and beyond.
[EX A]: | yes
| 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does botulinum toxin B increase mouth opening in patients with spastic trismus?
Answer: Botulinum toxin serotype B injections into the masseter muscles effectively reduce hypertonia and provide for better mouth opening, thereby contributing to a positive and desired clinical goal.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is an Ile93Met substitution in the UCH-L1 gene a disease-causing mutation for idiopathic Parkinson 's disease?
Answer: Our study suggested that Ile93Met of UCH-L1 gene did not influence risk of IPD.
Example Output: no
Example Input: Question: Do repeated balloon inflations diminish ST segment elevation even though coronary collateral recruitment is promoted in pigs?
Answer: Repeated BIs do not diminish ST segment elevation in the pig model, even though coronary collateral recruitment is promoted.
Example Output: | no
| 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription detectable in quiescent human stromal keratitis by in situ hybridization?
Answer: At the level of detection afforded by in situ hybridization, HSV persistent in scarred human corneas after stromal keratitis appears to be transcriptionally dormant. This contrasts with the situation in neurons of latently infected sensory ganglia, in which LATs are present at high levels.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is the WFS1 ( Wolfram syndrome 1 ) a major susceptibility gene for the development of psychiatric disorders?
Answer: Our results suggest that WFS1 is not a major susceptibility gene for the development of psychiatric disorders in our population.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Are plasma levels of MMP-2 , MMP-9 and TIMP-1 associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Answer: In patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.
[A]: | no
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example is below.
Q: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
A: yes
Rationale: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Is urinalysis reliable to detect a urinary tract infection in febrile infants presenting to the ED?
Answer: Urinalysis is not reliable for the detection of urinary tract infections in febrile infants when compared with urine cultures.
A: | no | 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is p53CM1 expression associated with prognosis in uterine cervical carcinoma?
Answer: The p53CM1 expression in cancer cells is not a predictive factor for the prognosis of patients with cervical carcinoma.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Is early systemic sclerosis : serum profiling of factors involved in endothelial , T-cell , and fibroblast interplay marked by elevated interleukin-33 levels?
Answer: Our study suggests that an endothelial, T-cell and fibroblast activation can be present in patients with early SSc and it is associated with a distinct profile of circulating factors involved in the cross-talk of these cells. The marked increase of IL-33 in early SSc patients suggests new routes of investigation of cell-cell dynamics in target tissues predating overt disease manifestations, thus opening to new therapeutic approaches.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does neostigmine prolong the duration of analgesia produced by caudal bupivacaine in children undergoing urethroplasty?
Answer: Addition of neostigmine to 1.875 mg/kg of caudal bupivacaine did not prolong the analgesia following urethroplasty in children.
[A]: | no
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Is better survival in women with resected hepatocellular carcinoma related to tumor proliferation or expression of hormone receptors?
Answer: Women with HCC had significantly better survival and lower tumor recurrence rates. However, significant differences in cellular proliferation indices and expression of ER and PR were not observed between men and women to explain the difference in survival rate.
| Solution: no | 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Are biologic factors associated with tumor oxygenation prognostic in patients with stage III esophageal cancer : long-term results?
Answer: The long-term results confirm that hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy and tumor cell expression of EPO-R are significant prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.
A: | yes | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
--------
Question: Question: Does identification of structural alert for liver and kidney toxicity using repeated dose toxicity data?
Answer: It was not possible to assign an unambiguous mode of action for all the SAs, but a mechanistic explanation is provided for some of them. Such achievements may help in the early identification of liver and renal toxicity of substances.
Answer: yes
Question: Question: Are endogenous sex hormones associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in menopausal women?
Answer: Estradiol and testosterone are not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in menopausal women. A positive correlation between IMT and FSH may reflect an association between low estrogen and IMT. Abdominal fat can be an important link between androgenic levels and cardiovascular risk.
Answer: no
Question: Question: Is thrombosis confined to the portal vein a contraindication for living donor liver transplantation?
Answer: A thrombosis confined to the portal vein per se should not be considered a contraindication for LDLT.
Answer: | no
| 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example input: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Q: Question: Does intra-aortic counterpulsation improve coronary flow early after PCI in a high-risk group of patients : observations from a randomized trial to explore its mode of action?
Answer: Whether an IABP is of any benefit in non-shocked, but high-risk, patients undergoing PCI remains to be established, but any potential benefit does not appear to be associated with early improvement in coronary flow. Whether the insertion of an IABP improves coronary flow beyond 10 minutes is not known. However, the IABP did not significantly affect subsequent left ventricular wall motion index or ECG ST-segment resolution in this study.
A: | no | 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Do minimally invasive retroperitoneoscopic surgery for psoas abscess with thoracolumbar tuberculosis?
Answer: The retroperitoneoscopic technique for PA gain advantages in terms of shorter hospital stay, minimal invasiveness, absence of radiation, quicker recovery to daily life compared with percutaneous drainage, and anterior or posterior debridement surgery. Despite the technique not been fully clinically proved, it seems to be a recommended option as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic technique for PA, especially with massive or complicated PA.
| Solution: yes | 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Is cytoglobin upregulated by tumour hypoxia and silenced by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck cancer?
Answer: We conclude that the CYGB gene is regulated by both promoter methylation and tumour hypoxia in HNSCC and that increased expression of this gene correlates with clincopathological measures of a tumour's biological aggression.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Do an update in the palliative management of malignant dysphagia?
Answer: Palliative treatment for oesophageal cancer should be individualized and relate to tumour stage, size and location, the patient's medical condition and his/her personal wishes. The palliative treatment largely includes self-expanding metal stents (SEMS), laser (including photodynamic therapy (PDT)) or a combination of the two to relieve symptoms, this may be employed with or without other treatments such as radiotherapy/chemotherapy (RT/CT) with the aim of reducing tumour bulk and possibly prolonging survival. A multi-disciplinary approach is vital in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does multicenter immunohistochemical ALK-testing of non-small-cell lung cancer show high concordance after harmonization of techniques and interpretation criteria?
Answer: This so-called "ALK-Harmonization-Study" shows for the first time that predictive semiquantitative IHC reveals reliable and reproducible results across several labs when methodology and interpretation are strictly defined and the pathologists are uniquely trained. The application of validated ALK IHC assays and its comparison to ALK-FISH is highly needed in future clinical trials. This might answer the question if ALK-IHC cannot only serve as a prescreening tool, but as a stand-alone test at least in cases displaying an unequivocally staining pattern as well as an alternative predictive test in samples with reduced FISH interpretability.
[A]: | yes
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Part 1. Definition
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Part 2. Example
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Answer: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
Question: Does diazoxide protect L6 skeletal myoblasts from H2O2-induced apoptosis via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway?
Answer: These data suggest that DZ pre-treatment contributes to protection of L6 SKMs against apoptosis at least partly by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and subsequently inhibiting the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic signalling pathway.
Answer: | yes | 7 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Are synthetic antifibrinolytics associated with an increased incidence of baffle fenestration closure after the modified Fontan procedure?
Answer: Use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid is not associated with early baffle fenestration closure after the modified Fontan procedure. It is concluded that these agents can be used without increasing the risk of spontaneous baffle fenestration closure.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Does three-dimensional assessment of ultrasound features in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) : ovarian stromal volume correlate with biochemical indices?
Answer: These findings demonstrate an association of the total ovarian volume, pre-antral follicle number and total follicular volume with some of the biochemical indices of PCOS, but no association was observed between ovarian stromal volume and these indices.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do uniform standards apply to readmission following coronary artery bypass surgery : a multi-institutional study?
Answer: Analysis of CABG readmission data from a network of community hospitals that vary in size and patient demographic characteristics suggests that there are many nonclinical factors influencing readmission; readmission rates and associated risk factors may vary considerably between centers; earlier readmissions are more likely to be procedure-related than patient-related; and therefore, considerable caution should be exercised in attempting to apply uniform standards or strategies to address post-CABG readmission.
| Output: no
| 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Do extremely cold and hot temperatures increase the risk of diabetes mortality in metropolitan areas of two Chinese cities?
Answer: The results indicate that both extremely cold and hot temperatures increase diabetes mortality in different manners in Harbin and Chongqing. Diabetes education programs should include information on either managing or combating the effects of extreme hot and cold weather.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does three-dimensional assessment of ultrasound features in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) : ovarian stromal volume correlate with biochemical indices?
Answer: These findings demonstrate an association of the total ovarian volume, pre-antral follicle number and total follicular volume with some of the biochemical indices of PCOS, but no association was observed between ovarian stromal volume and these indices.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Do minimally invasive retroperitoneoscopic surgery for psoas abscess with thoracolumbar tuberculosis?
Answer: The retroperitoneoscopic technique for PA gain advantages in terms of shorter hospital stay, minimal invasiveness, absence of radiation, quicker recovery to daily life compared with percutaneous drainage, and anterior or posterior debridement surgery. Despite the technique not been fully clinically proved, it seems to be a recommended option as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic technique for PA, especially with massive or complicated PA.
A: | yes
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Is increased time from neoadjuvant chemoradiation to surgery associated with higher pathologic complete response rates in esophageal cancer?
Answer: A longer interval between completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery was associated with higher pathologic complete response rates without an impact on surgical morbidity.
Output: | yes | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Is lumbar puncture success rate influenced by family-member presence?
Answer: The presence of a family member was not associated with an increased risk of traumatic or unobtainable lumbar puncture, nor was it associated with more attempts at the procedure. The benefits of having a family member present during the procedure were not counterbalanced by adverse effects on procedural success.
Student: | no | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Are front-of-pack symbols a reliable indicator of products with healthier nutrient profiles?
Answer: FOP symbols are being used to market foods that are no more nutritious than foods without this type of marketing. Because FOP symbols may influence consumer perceptions of products and their purchases, it may be a useful public health strategy to set minimum nutritional standards for products using FOP symbol marketing.
Answer: | no | 8 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does reduction of treatment frequency and UVA dose substantially compromise the antipsoriatic effect of oral psoralen-UVA?
Answer: Reducing treatment frequency and UVA dose does not substantially compromise the therapeutic efficacy of PUVA.
Output: | no | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does quantitative ultrasound identify patients with an inflammatory disease at risk of vertebral deformities?
Answer: Our findings imply that QUS measurements of the calcaneus in patients with an inflammatory condition, such as sarcoidosis and IBD, are likely of limited value to identify patients with a vertebral fracture.
| Solution: no | 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Question: Is visceral pleural invasion a significant prognostic factor in patients with a part-solid lung cancer?
Answer: VPI may not contribute to the prognosis of patients with part-solid nodules. Thus, upgrading of the TNM stage on the basis of VPI should be carefully considered in these patients.
no
Question: Does short-term enteral glutamine enhance protein accretion in burned children : a stable isotope study?
Answer: Rapid protein accretion does not occur with short-term enteral glutamine supplementation. Several days of glutamine supplementation may be required to restore plasma glutamine levels and stimulate protein synthesis.
no
Question: Does changing Default Fluoroscopy Equipment Settings decrease Entrance Skin Dose in Patients?
Answer: Radiation safety training protocols improved clinical knowledge but did not significantly alter fluoroscopy time. Changing equipment default settings to intermittent pulse rate (12 frames per second) and half-dose lowered the entrance skin dose by 30% across all endourology patients but most significantly during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. To limit patient radiation exposure fluoroscopy default settings should be decreased before all endourology procedures and image equipment manufacturers should consider lowering standard default renal settings.
| yes
| 0 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Let me give you an example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
OK. solve this:
Question: Does systemic-Pulmonary Shunt facilitate the Growth of the Pulmonary Valve Annulus in Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot?
Answer: SPS facilitates outgrowth of the PVA over somatic growth in patients with TOF. However, preservation of the PVA may not be achieved on staged repair if the initial PVA is too small.
Answer: | yes | 8 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Does bone mineral density vary as a function of the rate of joint space narrowing in the hip?
Answer: Patients with a rapid rate of JSN of the asymptomatic hip after unilateral THR are characterized by elevated local and remote BMD. The local elevation in BMD implies that increased local bone density may contribute to or serve as a marker for increased risk of development of OA (assuming that JSN can be used as a predictive marker). The presence of elevated BMD in the spine suggests that there are systemic as well as local aspects of OA pathogenesis, at least in patients with one THR and rapid JSN in the contralateral hip.
Student: | yes | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Problem: Question: Does endogenous activated protein C predict hemorrhagic transformation and mortality after tissue plasminogen activator treatment in stroke patients?
Answer: A high endogenous APC level 2 h after t-PA administration is independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation and mortality in our cohort of stroke patients. Establishing any causal link for these relationships needs further research.
| Solution: yes | 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Q: Question: Is cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin an independent predictor of progression of conventional renal cell carcinoma : a simple immunostaining score?
Answer: Cytoplasmic β-catenin expression is an independent prognostic factor for conventional RCC, and may help to identify patients with a high risk of cancer-specific death and to direct optimized active surveillance or adjuvant therapy.
A: yes
****
Q: Question: Does the presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypia on prostate biopsy adversely affect prostatectomy outcomes for patients otherwise eligible for active surveillance?
Answer: The presence of HGPIN or ASAP does not increase the risk of upgrading, upstaging, or adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy for patients who meet the AS criteria. If otherwise suitable, HGPIN and ASAP should not impact the decision to choose AS. However, analysis of prospective AS trials is required to determine if HGPIN or ASAP impacts tumor progression once on AS.
A: no
****
Q: Question: Are fetal breathing movements in oligohydramnios increased by aminoinfusion?
Answer: This study suggests that restitution of amniotic fluid volume in human pregnancies complicated by severe oligohydramnios does not acutely alter the incidence of FBM. These data support an increasing literature suggesting that impairment of fetal breathing is not the mechanism for oligohydramnios-related pulmonary hypoplasia.
A: | no
****
| 4 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Teacher: Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution: yes
Reason: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this instance: Question: Does bradykinin mediate remote ischaemic preconditioning or ischaemia-reperfusion injury in vivo in man?
Answer: These findings do not support a major role for endogenous bradykinin, acting via the B(2) kinin receptor, in the mechanism of ischaemia-reperfusion injury or the protective effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning in man.
Student: | no | 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example Input: Question: Does multiple Intercostal Space Electrocardiogram allow Accurate Localization of Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmia Origin?
Answer: The combined TZ index outperformed other ECG criteria to differentiate left from right OT-VA origins.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is sleep disturbance after fracture related to emotional well-being rather than functional result?
Answer: At 12-month follow-up, poor sleep was independently associated with poor emotional status but not associated with poor functional status. The mental health status of patients with sleep difficulty in the latter stages of fracture healing should be carefully assessed to provide the highest level of care. The results of this study should allow orthopaedic trauma surgeons to counsel patients regarding expectations of difficulty sleeping after acute fractures.
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Question: Is epidural analgesia for labor pain associated with a decreased frequency of uterine activity?
Answer: Properly and timely administered epidural analgesia during the first stage of labor has no effect on frequency of uterine activity.
Example Output: | no
| 3 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is the high-dose sequential ( Milan ) chemotherapy/PBSC transplantation regimen for patients with lymphoma cardiotoxic?
Answer: The HDS chemotherapy regimen produced no significant sign of cardiotoxicity up to one year after transplantation in patients with normal baseline cardiac function and no history of cardiac disease, pretreated with up to 550 mg/m2 of doxorubicin.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Is polymorphism Ala54Thr of fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene associated with stroke risk in Han population of Hunan China?
Answer: Our study shows that Ala54Thr of FABP2 may be not associated with stroke risk but associated with plasma TG level of stroke patients for Hunan Han population of China.
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Question: Do detailed characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in two distinct human solid malignancies show phenotypic similarities?
Answer: This study demonstrates that multi-color flow cytometry of freshly digested tumor samples reveals phenotypic differences in TIL vs PBL T cell sub-populations. The TIL composition in primary and metastatic tumors from two distinct histologies were remarkably similar, showing a greater proportion of activated/suppressive Treg (HLA-DR(+), CD39(+), CTLA-4(+) and Helios(+)) and activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8(+)/HLA-DR(+)/CD38(+)) when compared to PBL and an increase in IL-6 mRNA from CD4 TIL.
| Output: yes
| 2 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
One example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Solution is here: yes
Explanation: The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
Now, solve this: Question: Does cNTF attenuate Vasoproliferative Changes Through Upregulation of SOCS3 in a Mouse-Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy?
Answer: This study provides evidence for a therapeutic potential of CNTF beyond degenerative retinal disease. Vasoproliferative retinopathies may benefit from a CNTF-dependent and SOCS3-mediated angiomodulatory effect.
Solution: | yes | 6 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
instruction:
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
question:
Question: Does early reattachment reverse atrophy and fat accumulation of the supraspinatus -- an experimental study in rabbits?
Answer: In the rabbit, reattachment of the SSP at 6 weeks did neither reverse muscle atrophy nor fat accumulation during the ensuing 6 weeks. However, earlier reattachment (6 weeks) when compared with later reattachment (12 weeks) prevented an increase in fat accumulation. On the other hand, the delay before reattaching the tendon did not lead to an increase in muscle atrophy.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Are health promotion lifestyle profile scores associatedwith obesity in high school students?
Answer: Adolescence is an era of development when individuals start to implement their own features to life. According to this study adolescents do not perform health promoting lifestyles whether they are obese or not.
answer:
no
question:
Question: Is cDK1 and CDK2 activity a strong predictor of renal cell carcinoma recurrence?
Answer: CDK1SA of tumors and the CDK2SA are both associated with recurrence and prognosis.
answer:
| yes
| 9 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does myocardial infarction further impair renal damage in 5/6 nephrectomized rats?
Answer: MI does not further deteriorate structural renal damage induced by 5/6NX compared with 5/6NX alone. Furthermore, renal haemodynamic impairment occurs after MI, which can be improved applying ACEi therapy. Therefore, we conclude that treatment with ACEi should be optimized in patients with chronic kidney disease after MI to improve renal function.
Output: | no | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
Example: Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Answer: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Output: yes
The answer clearly says that ICLSs are elevated, which is exactly what the question asks. Hence, the output will be yes and it is correct.
New input case for you: Question: Does stathmin destabilizing microtubule dynamics promote malignant potential in cancer cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition?
Answer: We propose that there is a stathmin-microtubule dynamics-EMT (S-M-E) axis during cancer development. By this axis, stathmin together with its microtubule-destabilizing activity contributes to EMT, which stimulates the malignant potential in cancer cells.
Output: | yes | 1 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
Given a passage with a question and an answer to that question, classify if the answer actually answers the question into 'yes' or 'no'. Output 'yes' if the answer answers the question and output 'no' if the answer does not answer the question.
[Q]: Question: Does variation in the gene for human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ( PPARgamma ) play a major role in the development of morbid obesity?
Answer: Variation in the PPARgamma gene is unlikely to play a major role in the development of morbid obesity.
[A]: no
[Q]: Question: Does specific angiotensin II receptor blockage improve intestinal perfusion during graded hypovolemia in pigs?
Answer: Specific AT1 blockade before acute hypovolemia significantly ameliorated mesenteric and, in particular, jejunal mucosal hypoperfusion. In addition, cardiovascular stability was improved, and mortality in conjunction with acute hypovolemia and retransfusion could be completely avoided. These findings support a fundamental role of the renin-angiotensin system in the mesenteric response to acute hypovolemia and indicate a substantial interventional potential for candesartan in conjunction with circulatory stress.
[A]: yes
[Q]: Question: Does the farnesyl transferase inhibitor RPR-130401 alter radiation susceptibility in human tumor cells with a K-Ras mutation in spite of large changes in ploidy and lamin B distribution?
Answer: The data suggest that disruption of orderly progression through mitosis and cytokinesis, is a major outcome of drug action and that this effect proceeds from inhibition of lamin B farnesylation. It is anticipated from the strict additivity of RPR-130401 and radiation that neither induced radiation resistance nor acute or late complications of radiotherapy, should occur in combined treatment with RPR-130401.
[A]: | no
| 5 | NIv2 | task846_pubmedqa_classification | fs_opt |
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