id stringlengths 7 7 | image imagewidth (px) 512 1.28k | image_path stringlengths 25 25 | conversations stringlengths 87 12.9k |
|---|---|---|---|
4397190 | output_images/4397190.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Jason R. Reitman (; born October 19, 1977) is a Canadian-American filmmaker. He is best known for directing the films Thank You for Smoking (2005), Juno (2007), Up in the Air (2009), Young Adult (2011) and Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021). He has received one Grammy Award, one Golden Globe and four Academy Award nominations, two of which are for Best Director. Reitman is a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. He is the son of director Ivan Reitman, and known for frequently collaborating with screenwriter Diablo Cody.\nEarly life\nReitman was born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Geneviève Robert, an actress sometimes billed as Geneviève Deloir, and Slovak-Jewish film director Ivan Reitman (1946–2022). Reitman has two younger sisters: Catherine Reitman, an actress, producer and writer, who is three years younger, and Caroline Reitman, a nurse, who is twelve years younger.\nReitman's father was born in Czechoslovakia, to Jewish parents who were Holocaust survivors. Reitman's paternal grandfather ran a dry cleaner and then a car wash."}] | |
4397199 | output_images/4397199.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Mount Snow (previously known as Mount Pisgah) is a mountain and ski resort in southern Vermont located in the Green Mountains. It is Vermont's southernmost big mountain, and therefore, closest to many Northeast metropolitan areas.\nIn September 2019, Mount Snow joined Vail Resorts' portfolio of 37 resorts and its Epic Pass, along with all other 16 resorts owned by Peak Resorts\nMount Snow is home to Carinthia Parks, which debuted in the 2008–2009 season. Carinthia is home to ten terrain parks, with both natural and man-made features and a superpipe. Mount Snow was co-host of the first Extreme Games in 1995 and host of the X Games in 2000 and 2001. Carinthia at Mount Snow claimed home to the second stop of the first annual winter Dew Tour as well as many other events including the Freeski Open and Carinthia Classic.\nIn the summer of 2011, Mount Snow installed a brand new Leitner-Poma high-speed detachable six-pack bubble chair. This lift transports skiers to the top of the mountain in seven minutes. The bubble shields skiers and riders from wind and snow and keeps them warm. If it is a warm skiing day riders can choose to leave the bubble up. As of 2022, Mount Snow has two high-speed detachable lifts from the base to the 3600-foot summit and a total of six high-speed detachable chairlifts, one leaving from the Carinthia Base Area, one leaving from the Sunbrook base area and four leaving from the Main Base Area.\nStatistics\nSummit Elevation: \nVertical Drop: \nSkiable area: \nAnnual Average Snowfall: 158 inches\nTrails: 86\nLifts: 19: 1 High-Speed Six-Pack Bubble, 1 High-Speed Six-Pack, 4 High-Speed Quads, 5 Triples, 2 Doubles, 5 Conveyors, 1 Rope Tow\nSnowmaking: 83%\nTotal Snowguns: 917, of which 250 are fan guns. Mount Snow has the most fan guns of any resort in North America.\nTerrain Park Acres: 100\nGladed Tree Acreage: 124\nTubing: Yes\nNight Skiing: No\nHistory\nMount Pisgah is the mountain that is known by many as Mount Snow and was originally named after the Biblical Mount Pisgah. A large amount of land on Mount Pisgah was purchased from the estate of Reuben Snow, in early 1953 and on December 12, 1954, the mountain, renamed Mount Snow, after the Snow family, opened to the public. Entrepreneur Walt Schoenknecht owned the ski resort for many years and led its development into one of the largest ski areas in the country at the time.\nIn 1986, the Carinthia ski area was purchased and connected to the Mount Snow Trails. Five years later, nearby Haystack Mountain Ski Area was purchased and subsequently marketed as being part of Mount Snow. Haystack was sold and closed in 2005.\nIn 1992, the first snowboard park in the East was established at Mount Snow, named Un Blanco Gulch. The park featured jumps, a half-pipe, quarter hits, spines, wedges, banked turns, and a buried van. The park was built by Tyler Doucette under the supervision of \nChris Bluto. \"The Gulch\" remained a staple of Mount Snow's freestyle terrain until the 2008–2009 season when all terrain parks were moved to the Carinthia area of the mountain where a new park also named \"The Gulch\" was established along with seven additional parks and a \"Superpipe\" referred to collectively as Carinthia Parks at Mount Snow. In 2000, Mount Snow hosted the 4th Annual Winter X-Games. The Games returned to Mount Snow the following year.\nMount Snow's Kelly Clark, bronze medalist of 2014 Olympic Women's half-pipe, won the first American gold medal of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City in women's half-pipe. She is a graduate of the Mount Snow Academy and the first athlete from Mount Snow to win an Olympic gold medal. Another Mount Snow Academy graduate, Devin Logan, won the silver medal of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi in the Olympic debut of slopestyle. Eliza Outtrim, who placed 6th in women's moguls, also attended MSA.\nIn January 2009, Mount Snow hosted the winter Dew Tour. It was the first action sports tour for winter sports and is owned and operated by Alli, the Alliance of Action Sports. Many of the top athletes in action sports from around the world participated in the Winter Dew Tour. Athletes such as Shaun White, Hannah Teter, Tanner Hall, Andreas Wiig, Gretchen Bleiler, Simon Dumont, Sarah Burke, and Travis Rice all vied for the Dew Cup, awarded at season's end.\nThe resort was operated by Peak Resorts, which bought it along with Attitash, in February 2007. In July 2019, Peak Resorts announced it entered a merger agreement with Vail Resorts and closed on the deal on September 24, 2019. After that, Mount Snow joined Vail Resorts' portfolio of 37 resorts and its Epic Pass.\nClimate\nLifts and trails"}] | |
4397235 | output_images/4397235.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Coronel (Crnl.) FAP Francisco Secada Vignetta International Airport is an airport serving Iquitos, capital of Loreto Region and Peru's fifth largest city. It is also known as Iquitos International Airport, and is one of the main airports in Peru.\nIt is located 7 km (4 miles) to the southeast of the center of Iquitos. It has a single runway 2,500 m (8,202 ft) in length. It is administered by Aeropuertos del Perú, who were given the concession in 2006; and serves more than 1 million passengers per year, making it the fourth busiest airport in Peru, after those of Lima, Cusco and Arequipa. It is the only airport in Amazonia with the ISO9001 stamp. It is served by airlines such as JetSmart Perú, LATAM Perú, Sky Airline, Star Perú and SAETA Perú, receiving commercial flights daily from Lima, as well as flights to and from Pucallpa and Tarapoto. There are also various connections to smaller towns and communities in the jungle.\nThe airport plays a particularly important logistical and economic role because the city of Iquitos is only accessible by air or by river. Iquitos and Pucallpa are the main air hubs in the Peruvian Amazon.\nHistory \nIn 1973, Iquitos Airport changed its name in commemoration of a pilot of the Peruvian Air Force, Francisco Secada Vignetta, who was born in Iquitos and made his name in the war with Colombia that took place between 1932 and 1933.\nAirlines and destinations\nCargo\nSee also "}] | |
4397261 | output_images/4397261.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The principle of (Latin for 'dispute elsewhere pending') applies in municipal law, public international law, and private international law to address the problem of potentially contradictory judgments. If two courts were to hear the same dispute, it is possible they would reach inconsistent decisions. To avoid the problem, there are two rules.\nRes judicata provides that once a case has been determined, it produces a judgment either inter partes or in rem depending on the subject matter of the dispute: although there can be an appeal on the merits, neither party can recommence proceedings on the same set of facts in another court. If that rule were not in place, litigation might never come to an end."}] | |
4397274 | output_images/4397274.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Third Avenue Bridge carries southbound road traffic on Third Avenue over the Harlem River, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City. It once carried southbound New York State Route 1A. The Third Avenue Bridge carries traffic south from the intersections of either Third Avenue and East 135th Street, or Bruckner Boulevard and Lincoln Avenue, in the Bronx. On the Manhattan side, the bridge funnels traffic into three locations: East 128th Street; the intersection of East 129th Street and Lexington Avenue; or the southbound Harlem River Drive in Manhattan.\nThe bridge was formerly bidirectional, but converted to one-way operation southbound on August 5, 1941 on the same day the Willis Avenue Bridge was similarly converted to one-way northbound. In 1955, the original multi-truss bridge constructed in 1898 was removed and sold. A rebuilt bridge reopened in December 1956.\nReconstruction\nAs part of a major NYCDOT reconstruction project from 2001-2005, a new swing span was floated into place on October 29, 2004. Two lanes of Manhattan-bound traffic opened on December 6, 2004, and the remaining three lanes opened in 2005. In addition to replacing the swing span and its machinery, the project included redesigned approach ramps to the bridge on the Bronx side and off the bridge in Manhattan. As reconstructed, the Third Avenue Bridge carries five lanes of Manhattan-bound traffic from the Bronx, which split to three ramps in Manhattan: to East 128th Street and Second Avenue; to Lexington Avenue and East 129th Street; and to the southbound Harlem River Drive/FDR Drive.\nFor 2011, the New York City Department of Transportation, which operates and maintains the bridge, reported an average daily traffic volume of 59,603; the bridge reached a peak ADT of 73,121 in 2000. Between 2000 and 2014, the bridge opened for vessels 93 times, including 60 times in 2007.\nPublic transportation\nThe Third Avenue Bridge carries the bus route operated by MTA New York City Transit. The route's average weekday ridership is 19,951.\nTV documentary\nDiscovery Channel contracted Barner-Alper Productions of Toronto to produce an episode of Mega-Builders, titled \"Spanning the Harlem\", about the work leading up to the float-in of the swing span. It first aired in 2005 in Canada on Discovery Canada.\nReferences\nExternal links\n NYCRoads.com: Third Avenue Bridge Historic Overview\n New York City Department of Transportation - Harlem River Bridges\n NYC DoT Third Avenue Bridge\nBridges completed in 1898\nBridges in Manhattan\nBridges in the Bronx\nBridges over the Harlem River\nHarlem\nRoad bridges in New York (state)\nSwing bridges in the United States\nPedestrian bridges in New York City\nThird Avenue"}] | |
4397281 | output_images/4397281.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Glencliff is an unincorporated community within the White Mountain National Forest in the town of Warren in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The village consists of fewer than one hundred residents and some forty man-made structures, including the Willing Workers Hall, the Glencliff Community Chapel, the old firefighter's garage, the Glencliff Improvement Cooperative (community water system), the post office (located in one of the dwellings) and the Glencliff Home for the Elderly (located higher up the mountain).\nHistory\nLocated in the White Mountains, the village was originally part of the town of Coventry (now Benton), but the town of Warren successfully petitioned the state legislature to make the village part of Warren. The village was known as Warren Summit until an unfortunate incident in the early 1900s, when two trains crashed in a head-on collision, due to confusion over town names.\nThe Glencliff Home for the Elderly was formerly the Glencliff Sanatorium, which opened in the summer of 1909 for New Hampshire residents infected with tuberculosis (TB) and seeking respite and cure in the fresh mountain air. The sanatorium treated more than 4,000 TB patients during its first 50 years, admitting from 50 to 100 new patients each year.\nGeography\nGlencliff is located in a high valley (1,000 feet above sea level) known as Oliverian Notch, the westernmost pass through the White Mountains. The Appalachian Trail passes directly through the village, with the Glencliff Post Office serving as a major resupply point for its hikers. More than to the south, the trail begins on Springer Mountain, Georgia, and more than 400 very rugged miles (644 kilometers) north, ends atop Mount Katahdin, Maine. While the origin of the name \"Glencliff\" is not known for certain, Glencliff is, in fact, located in a glen (or valley) and near a cliff—it is nestled below Mount Moosilauke to the east, Wyatt Hill and Webster Slide Mountain to the west, and the cliff of Owl's Head to the northwest, scoured by glaciers in the Pleistocene epoch and visible from the village.\nVillage services \nGlencliff boasts its own U.S. Post Office. The Glencliff Improvement Cooperative (GIC) operates and maintains the Glencliff municipal water supply including the well house and approximately 7-12 homes on the town line.\nRecreation\nRecreational activities in the area include hiking, snowshoeing, walking, jogging, snowmobiling, and hunting. Local hiking trails in Glencliff include the Glencliff Trail, Tunnel Brook Trail, Wachipauka Pond Trail, Hurricane Mountain Trail and Blueberry Mountain Trail. The former railroad bed, which parallels New Hampshire Route 25 and intersects the Appalachian Trail, is an excellent rail trail currently used for walking, jogging, and snowmobiling. The trails and paths in the village are great for snowshoeing. The expansive forest in Glencliff is secluded and suited for viewing deer, bear, moose, turkey and other wildlife.\nReferences\nExternal links\n Joseph Patch Library\n Asquamchumauke Valley Snowmobile Club\n Mount Moosilauke ATV Club\nUnincorporated communities in Grafton County, New Hampshire\nUnincorporated communities in New Hampshire"}] | |
4397286 | output_images/4397286.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Antonius Romanus (fl. 1400 – 1432) was an Italian composer of the early 15th century, the early quattrocento, in which musical styles was in transition between the late medieval era and early Renaissance.\nFew details are known about his life. Judging from his name, he may have been from Rome, and there are several records of his activity as a singer at St. Mark's in Venice between 1420 and 1432. His music appears to have been strongly influenced by Johannes Ciconia, who died in 1412, and it also seems to have been an influence on the young Guillaume Dufay, who was in Italy during most of Antonius's later period of known activity.\nSix sacred compositions and one secular piece by Antonius have survived. The three mass movements, two Glorias and a Credo, all for four voices, are influenced by Ciconia; the three motets, also for four voices, are isorhythmic. All three can be approximately dated. The first, Ducalis sedes/Stirps Mocenigo, can be dated to 1414 or 1415, since it is written in praise of Tommaso Mocenigo, who was elected doge of Venice in 1414. The second, Carminibus festos/O requies populi, was written for the doge Francesco Foscari, who assumed the post in 1423. The last, Aurea flammigera, he most likely wrote in praise of Gianfrancesco Gonzaga on his triumphant return from Milan in 1432. Antonius's single remaining secular composition is a ballata, Deh s'i t'amo con fede; only one voice survives from this composition, and it is without text.\nThe similarities of style of some of Antonius's music to Dufay's earliest works suggest that the two may have crossed paths, or at least known each other's works.\nReferences and further reading\n Albert Seay/David Fallows: \"Antonius Romanus\", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed March 15, 2006), (subscription access) \n Albert Seay, \"Antonius Romanus\", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. (Note: this article contains a works list absent in the online Grove article)\n Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. \nItalian classical composers\nItalian male classical composers\nRenaissance composers\n15th-century Italian composers"}] | |
4397293 | output_images/4397293.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": ", also called or , are various types of facial armour that were worn by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan. These include the sōmen, menpō, hanbō or hanpō, and happuri.\nDescription\nThe men-yoroi, which covered all or part of the face, provided a way to secure the top-heavy kabuto (helmet). The Shinobi-no-o (chin cord) of the kabuto would be tied under the chin. Small hooks called ori-kugi or posts called odome located on various places would help secure the chin cord. The men-yoroi was constructed from iron, leather, or a combination of both. It had a lacquered or rusted type of finish and included a variety of facial details, such as a moustache, fierce teeth and a detachable nose. With the exception of the happuri, a men-yoroi had a small hole underneath the chin for sweat drainage.\nHistory"}] | |
4397306 | output_images/4397306.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Olumide Oyedeji (born 11 May 1981) is a Nigerian professional basketball center who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for three seasons.\nProfessional career"}] | |
4397354 | output_images/4397354.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Harlem River Lift Bridge (also known as the Park Avenue Bridge) is a vertical lift bridge carrying the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, Harlem Line, and New Haven Line across the Harlem River between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City. The average weekday ridership on the lines is 265,000.\nHistory\nFirst bridge\nThe first bridge on this site was constructed by the New York and Harlem Railroad in 1841. It was composed of four -long box truss spans, three of which were fixed iron spans, while the remaining span was a wooden swing span. In the closed position, the bridge had a clearance of only seven feet above mean high water. Masonry piers supported the four box-truss spans. In 1867, the wooden drawbridge was replaced with an iron one that gave a clearance of 50 feet. By the 1880s, the bridge was crossed by more than 200 trains a day.\nSecond and third bridges"}] | |
4397368 | output_images/4397368.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Caterham 21 is a two-seat roadster designed and hand built by Caterham Cars in the 1990s. It was based on the mechanicals of the Caterham 7 and was intended to be a more practical version of that car with more conventional sports car styling.\nThe original car was announced at the 1994 British Motor Show to celebrate 21 years of Caterham Cars’ manufacture of the Lotus Seven. Styled by Iain Robertson and developed by a team under Jez Coates, the aim was to have a car that offered \"the chance to experience Caterham motoring in a more practical format\".\nThe 21 was offered with a range of four-cylinder engines from 1.6 to 2.0 L, with . Caterham originally intended to produce 200 cars per year, but in fact only 40 to 50 examples were actually made before the project was quietly shelved in 1999.\nDesign and specification\nBeing almost mechanically identical to the Caterham 7, the 21 was set apart by the design of the body. Inspiration was drawn from the design of the Lotus Eleven, and the result was a curved, low-slung shape. The styling was universally well received. The car did not have wind-up windows and its door sills were high and wide, which drew some criticism from contemporary reviewers regarding the car's practicality. Because of extra strengthening in the sills and at the front end, the initial chassis design was considerably more rigid than that in the 7. Adjustments to the suspension and the 21’s extra 100kg gave a better ride as well.\nSome components were taken from mainstream models (such as the rear light clusters from the Mk1 Ford Mondeo hatchback, door mirrors from the Rover 200, front indicators from the Suzuki Cappuccino, etc.) in addition to the Seven-based mechanical underpinnings.\nMost of the cars built by the factory were fitted with either the 1.6L or 1.8L variants of the K-Series engine, all of which were controlled by the Rover MEMS ECU. Two cars were built with engines in the \"Very High Performance Derivative\" (VHPD) specification. The Ford Type 9 transmission, as used in the Ford Sierra, was the standard gearbox, with Caterham's own 6-speed manual offered as an option. With the engine tune, the base car was capable of 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 6.7 seconds and a top speed of ."}] | |
4397369 | output_images/4397369.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Skin whitening, also known as skin lightening and skin bleaching, is the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin. Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have questionable safety profiles. This includes mercury compounds which may cause neurological problems and kidney problems.\nIn a number of African countries, between 25 and 80% of women regularly use skin whitening products. In Asia, this number is around 40%. In India, specifically, over half of the skin care products are sold to whiten skin. In Pakistan, where skin lightening products are popular, creams have been found to contain toxic levels of hydroquinone and mercury.\nEfforts to lighten the skin date back to at least the 16th century in Asia. While a number of agents—such as kojic acid and alpha hydroxy acid—are allowed in cosmetics in Europe, a number of others such as hydroquinone and tretinoin are not. While some countries do not allow mercury compounds in cosmetics, others still do, and they can be purchased online.\nUse\nAreas of increased pigmentation such as moles may be depigmented to match the surrounding skin. Effective agents for specific areas include corticosteroids, tretinoin, and hydroquinone. These agents, however, are not allowed in cosmetics in Europe due to concerns about side effects. Attempts to whiten large areas of skin may also be carried out by certain cultures. This may be done for reasons of appearance, politics, or economics.\nSkin whiteners can help achieve lighter skin tones, but many of them contain harmful ingredients like the steroid clobetasol propionate, inorganic mercury (mercuric chloride or amalgamated mercury), glutathione (an antioxidant traditionally used in cancer treatment), and the organic compound hydroquinone. Skin lighteners' main health risks are linked to (i) The overuse of topical clobetasol, which can cause systemic steroid effects from daily usage, especially on broad skin regions; and (ii) concealed mercury content, which can lead to mercury poisoning depending on individual susceptibility. Many skin whiteners contain a toxic form of mercury as the active ingredient. Their use, therefore, may harm a person's health and is illegal in many countries.\nHydroquinone is a commonly used agent in skin whiteners, though the European Union banned it from cosmetics in 2000. It works by decreasing melanin production. Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, may be used to whiten specific areas. It may be used in combination with steroids and hydroquinone.\nAlpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is also used as a skin bleacher, but its biochemical mechanism is unclear. Side effects may include sun sensitivity, skin redness, thickening, or itching. Low concentrations may be used in cosmetics. Kojic acid has been found to be an effective lightener in some studies and is also allowed to be used in cosmetics. Side effects, however, include redness and eczema.\nGlutathione is the most common agent taken by mouth in an attempt to whiten the skin. It may also be used as a cream. It is an antioxidant normally made by the body. Whether or not it actually works is unclear as of 2019. Due to side effects that may result from intravenous use, the government of the Philippines recommends against such use.\nOne 2017 review found tentative evidence of benefit of tranexamic acid in melasma, while another 2017 review found that evidence to support its use was insufficient. Azelaic acid may be a second-line option for melasma. A number of types of laser treatments have been used in melasma with some evidence of benefit. Reoccurrence, however, is common, and certain types of lasers can result in more pigmentation.\nSide effects "}] | |
4397434 | output_images/4397434.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Bigloo is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, an implementation of the language Scheme. It is developed at the French IT research institute French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA). It is oriented toward providing tools for effective and diverse code generation that can match the performance of hand-written C or C++. The Bigloo system contains a Scheme compiler that can generate C code and Java virtual machine (JVM) or .NET Framework (.NET) bytecode. As with other Lisp dialects, it contains an interpreter, also termed a read-eval-print loop (REPL). It is free and open-source software. The run-time system and libraries are released under a GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). The compiler and programming tools are released under a GNU General Public License (GPL).\n\"Bigloo is a Scheme implementation devoted to one goal: enabling Scheme based programming style where C(++) is usually required.\"\nThe Hop web application engine and Roadsend PHP are written in Bigloo.\nLibraries "}] | |
4397458 | output_images/4397458.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Connecticut Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"Connecticut Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to Connecticut at various times by the Continental Congress, the size of its allocation determined by the size of its population relative to that of other states. These, together with similarly apportioned contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nIn the course of the war, 27 infantry regiments were assigned to the Connecticut Line. This included the eight provincial regiments of 1775, Wooster's Provisional Regiment (formed by consolidation of the remnants of the original 1st, 4th, and 5th Regiments), the five numbered Continental regiments of 1776, the eight Connecticut regiments of 1777, S.B. Webb's Additional Continental Regiment, which later became the 9th Connecticut Regiment, and four new regiments created by consolidation in 1781.\nNot all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These “dictatorial powers” included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large.\nEarly in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to Samuel Blatchley Webb, who accepted. Webb had formerly served as one of Washington's personal aides. Webb's Regiment was allotted to the Connecticut Line on July 24, 1780, and officially designated the 9th Connecticut Regiment. The 9th Connecticut Regiment was consolidated with the 2d Connecticut Regiment on January 1, 1781.\nHalf of Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment was drawn Rhode Island and half from Connecticut."}] | |
4397491 | output_images/4397491.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Delaware Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"Delaware Line\" referred to the quota of one infantry regiment which was assigned to Delaware at various times by the Continental Congress. This, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nNot all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These “dictatorial powers” included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large.\nEarly in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to John Patton of Pennsylvania, who accepted. McLane's Company, originally in Patton's Regiment, was drawn from Delaware.\nGrayson's, Hartley's, and Patton's Regiments were also partially drawn from Delaware.\nStill other Continental infantry regiments and smaller units, also unrelated to a state quota, were raised as needed for special or temporary service.\nThe Delaware Regiment was a part of the Continental Army.\nReferences\nWright, Robert K. The Continental Army. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, 1983. Available online .\nExternal links\nMilitary Units from Delaware\nBibliography of Delaware's participation in the Continental Army compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History\nMilitary units and formations of the Continental Army"}] | |
4397507 | output_images/4397507.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Georgia Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"Georgia Line\" referred to the quota of one infantry regiment which was assigned to Georgia at various times by the Continental Congress. The term also included the three infantry regiments in excess of Georgia's quota that were raised outside the state. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nComposition \nOn November 4, 1775, the Continental Congress created the \"second establishment\" of the Continental Army, which served in the campaign of 1776. On the same day, Congress also voted to maintain two infantry battalions in South Carolina and one infantry battalion in Georgia. The units which formed part of the Georgia line were:\n Georgia Regiment of Horse Rangers (1776–1780 (captured in Charleston, disbanded 1781))\n Georgia Regiment (1775–1776)\n1st Georgia Regiment (1776–1780, captured in Charleston)\n Georgia Regiment (1781–1783)\n Georgia Battalion (1783)\n 2nd Georgia Regiment (1776–1780, captured in Charleston, disbanded 1781)\n 3rd Georgia Regiment (1776–1780, captured in Charleston, disbanded 1781)\n 4th Georgia Regiment (1777–1780, captured in Charleston, disbanded 1781)\nWhen more than two of the line infantry regiments above were grouped, they formed part of what became known as the Georgia Brigade. This brigade was only used a select few times, as most regiments were captured during the Siege of Charleston."}] | |
4397518 | output_images/4397518.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "A card reader is a data input device that reads data from a card-shaped storage medium. The first were punched card readers, which read the paper or cardboard punched cards that were used during the first several decades of the computer industry to store information and programs for computer systems. Modern card readers are electronic devices that can read plastic cards embedded with either a barcode, magnetic strip, computer chip or another storage medium.\nA memory card reader is a device used for communication with a smart card or a memory card.\nA magnetic card reader is a device used to read magnetic stripe cards, such as credit cards.\nA business card reader is a device used to scan and electronically save printed business cards.\nSmart card readers \nA smart card reader is an electronic device that reads smart cards and can be found in the following form:\n Keyboards with a built-in card reader\n External devices and internal drive bay card reader devices for personal computers (PC)\n Laptop models containing a built-in smart card reader and/or using flash upgradeable firmware.\nExternal devices that can read a Personal identification number (PIN) or other information may also be connected to a keyboard (usually called \"card readers with PIN pad\"). This model works by supplying the integrated circuit on the smart card with electricity and communicating via protocols, thereby enabling the user to read and write to a fixed address on the card.\nIf the card does not use any standard transmission protocol, but uses a custom/proprietary protocol, it has the communication protocol designation T=14.\nThe latest PC/SC CCID specifications define a new smart card framework. This framework works with USB devices with the specific device class 0x0B. Readers with this class do not need device drivers when used with PC/SC-compliant operating systems, because the operating system supplies the driver by default.\nPKCS#11 is an API designed to be platform-independent, defining a generic interface to cryptographic tokens such as smart cards. This allows applications to work without knowledge of the reader details.\nMemory card readers \nA memory card reader is a device, typically having a USB interface, for accessing the data on a memory card such as a CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD) or MultiMediaCard (MMC). Most card readers also offer write capability, and together with the card, this can function as a pen drive.\nAccess control card reader \nAccess control card readers are used in physical security systems to read a credential that allows access through access control points, typically a locked door. An access control reader can be a magnetic stripe reader, a bar code reader, a proximity reader, a smart card reader, or a biometric reader.\nAccess control readers are classified by functions they are able to perform and by identification technology:\nBarcode\nA barcode is a series of alternating dark and light stripes that are read by an optical scanner. The organization and width of the lines is determined by the bar code protocol selected. There are many different protocols, such as the prevalent Code 39. Sometimes the digits represented by the dark and light bars are also printed to allow people to read the number without an optical reader."}] | |
4397529 | output_images/4397529.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Massachusetts Line was those units within the Continental Army that were assigned to Massachusetts at various times by the Continental Congress during the American Revolutionary War. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. Line regiments were assigned to a particular state, which was then financially responsible for the maintenance (staffing and supplying) of the regiment. The concept of the line was also particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nThe size of the Massachusetts Line varied from as many as 27 active regiments (at the outset of the war) to four (at its end). For most of the war after the siege of Boston (April 1775 to March 1776) almost all of these units were deployed outside Massachusetts, serving as far north as Quebec City, as far west as present-day central Upstate New York, and as far south as Yorktown, Virginia. Massachusetts line troops were involved in most of the war's major battles north of Chesapeake Bay, and were present at the decisive siege of Yorktown in 1781. General officers of the line included Major Generals Artemas Ward, William Heath, and Benjamin Lincoln, and Brigadier Generals John Glover and John Nixon.\nHistory\nThe line's history began in the immediate aftermath of the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, after which the Massachusetts Provincial Congress raised 27 regiments as a provincial army. These units, which were mostly organized by mid-May, were adopted into the first establishment of the Continental Army in June 1775. These units were generally referred to by the names of their colonels, and were numbered one way by the state and another by the Continental Army.\nAt the end of 1775 the army was reorganized into its second establishment; a number of Massachusetts units were disbanded, but some were retained and others established. In the 1776 establishment regiments from the northern states identified as Continental regiments. At the end of 1776 the army was again reorganized. The third establishment restored a state-based regimental numbering scheme which was retained until the end of the war. After two major reorganizations (at the start of 1781 and 1783) the army was almost completely disbanded in November 1783, leaving a single regiment under the command of Massachusetts Colonel Henry Jackson.\nNon-line units \nNot all Continental infantry regiments raised were part of a state quota. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These \"dictatorial powers\" included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large.\nEarly in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to David Henley of Massachusetts, who accepted. Henley had been adjutant general on the staffs of Generals William Heath and Joseph Spencer, and was briefly lieutenant colonel of the 5th Massachusetts Regiment.\nWashington also offered command of an additional regiment to William Raymond Lee of Massachusetts, who accepted. In 1776, Lee had been the major of John Glover's famous Marblehead regiment, the 14th Continental Regiment.\nFinally, Washington offered command of an additional regiment to Henry Jackson of Massachusetts, who accepted. These three regiments were raised in Massachusetts in the spring of 1777. Much of the recruiting for them was done in the Boston area, which until then had been unable to raise troops because of the British occupation."}] | |
4397531 | output_images/4397531.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Muscle Shoals Bill was designed to build a dam in the Tennessee River and sell government-produced electricity. Congress passed bills to harness energy from the Tennessee River, but presidents Coolidge and Hoover insisted that private enterprise should do the job, and vetoed the bills. \nThe chief sponsor, Senator George Norris of Nebraska, had blocked a proposal from Henry Ford to develop the dam site. \nHoover's veto message stated:"}] | |
4397535 | output_images/4397535.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Making of Mr. Buechner's Dream is a DVD released in 2005 by the American rock band Daniel Amos on Stunt Records.\nThe 90 minute film was edited together from over nine hours of randomly filmed home movies and footage made while the band was recording their epic 32 song album, Mr. Buechner's Dream.\nThis \"making of\" documentary shows the band at work rehearsing the new songs and recording in the studio. Many \"making of\" documentaries, like The Beatles Let It Be do not actually show a lot of footage of the band recording what is actually found on the album. For example, many of that film's performances are different takes or rehearsals. In this film however, much of what is shown on the screen is the band recording exactly what is found on the album - from guitar solos, to vocals, to bass tracks."}] | |
4397545 | output_images/4397545.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The New Hampshire Line was a formation in the Continental Army. The term \"New Hampshire Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to New Hampshire at various times by the Continental Congress. These, along with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. For the promotion of senior officials, this concept is particularly important. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nNot all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These \"dictatorial powers\" included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large."}] | |
4397550 | output_images/4397550.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Portland Public Schools (PPS) (officially Portland School District 1J) is a public school district located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is the largest school district in the state of Oregon. It is a PK–12 district with an enrollment of more than 49,000 students. It comprises more than 100 locations, including 79 schools and other sites that are maintained within the district.\nHistory\n19th century\nIn the 1850s, when the first public schools were formed in Portland, free education was a new concept. On December 6, 1851, the following advertisement appeared in The Oregonian:\nIn pursuance of a vote of the Portland school district at their annual meeting, the directors have established a free school. The first term will commence on Monday, the 15th inst., at the schoolhouse in this city, near the City Hotel. (John W. Outhouse, teacher.) The directors would recommend the following books to be used in the school, viz.: Sandler's Series of Readers and Spellers, Goodrich's Geography, Thompson's Arithmetics and Bullion's Grammar.\nJohn Outhouse served as the schoolteacher, and was paid 100 dollars a month. The school was held in a school house at the corner of First and Oak Streets, in what is now Northwest Portland, and had just 20 students at first.\nThe early public schools were met with some criticism. An editorial in The Oregonian on July 3, 1852 stated that the Common School Council was \"self-called, self-elected, that voted a thousand dollars in addition to be paid by our citizens for pedagoguing some dozen or two of children.\""}] | |
4397551 | output_images/4397551.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The 1945 Moscow Victory Parade () also known as the Parade of Victors () was a victory parade held by the Soviet Armed Forces (with the Color Guard Company representing the First Polish Army) after the defeat of Nazi Germany. This, the longest and largest military parade ever held on Red Square in the Soviet capital Moscow, involved 40,000 Red Army soldiers and 1,850 military vehicles and other military hardware. The parade lasted just over two hours on a rainy June 24, 1945, over a month after May 9, the day of Germany's surrender to Soviet commanders.\nStalin's order for the observance of the parade\nThe parade itself was ordered by Joseph Stalin on June 22, 1945, by virtue of Order 370 of the Office of the Supreme Commander in Chief, Armed Forces of the USSR."}] | |
4397566 | output_images/4397566.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The New York Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"New York Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to New York at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state."}] | |
4397577 | output_images/4397577.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": ""}] | |
4397585 | output_images/4397585.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Earned schedule (ES) is an extension to the theory and practice of earned value management (EVM). \nIt has been stated that Earned Schedule provides a useful link between traditional Earned Value Analysis and traditional project schedule analysis -- a link that some say has been missing in traditional EVM theory.\nEarned schedule measures "}] | |
4397587 | output_images/4397587.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Pennsylvania was the site of many key events associated with the American Revolution and American Revolutionary War. The city of Philadelphia, then capital of the Thirteen Colonies and the largest city in the colonies, was a gathering place for the Founding Fathers who discussed, debated, developed, and ultimately implemented many of the acts, including signing the Declaration of Independence, that inspired and launched the revolution and the quest for independence from the British Empire.\nFounding Father Robert Morris said, \"You will consider Philadelphia, from its centrical situation, the extent of its commerce, the number of its artificers, manufactures and other circumstances, to be to the United States what the heart is to the human body in circulating the blood.\"\nThe American Revolution included both the political and social development of the Thirteen Colonies of British America, and the Revolutionary War. John Adams wrote to Thomas Jefferson in 1815: \"What do we mean by the revolution? The war? That was no part of the revolution. It was only an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected, from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years before a drop of blood was drawn at Lexington. The records of thirteen legislatures, the pamphlets, newspapers in all the colonies ought be consulted, during that period, to ascertain the steps by which the public opinion was enlightened and informed concerning the authority of parliament over the colonies.\"\nMilitary"}] | |
4397592 | output_images/4397592.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Théodule-Augustin Ribot (August 8, 1823September 11, 1891) was a French realist painter and printmaker.\nHe was born in Saint-Nicolas-d'Attez, and studied at the École des Arts et Métiers de Châlons before moving to Paris in 1845. There he found work decorating gilded frames for a mirror manufacturer. Although he received a measure of artistic training while working as an assistant to Auguste-Barthélémy Glaize, Ribot was mostly self-taught as a painter. After a trip to Algeria around 1848, he returned in 1851 to Paris, where he continued to make his living as an artisan. In the late 1850s, working at night by lamplight, he began to paint seriously, depicting everyday subjects in a realistic style.\nRibot worked in at least three mediums, oil paint, pencil or crayon draughtsmanship and etching. Some drawings were complete works, others fragmentary but powerful preparations for painted canvases. The etchings, of which there are only about a couple of dozen, are of the middle period of his practice; they show a diversity of method as well as of theme.\nHe made his Salon debut in 1861 with four paintings of kitchen subjects. Collectors purchased the works, and his paintings in the Salons of 1864 and 1865 were awarded medals.\nRibot painted domestic genre works, still-lifes, portraits, as well as religious scenes, such as his Salon success St. Sebastian, Martyr (1865). The earlier work was drier and austere but still with an intensity of conception and presentation; later works were freer and broader. His preference was for painting directly from nature, emphasizing the contrasts of light and dark. His use of chiaroscuro to suggest psychological states grew from his admiration for Spanish and Dutch baroque masters such as Ribera and Rembrandt, an enthusiasm shared by his contemporaries Courbet and Bonvin. Members of Ribot's family are the likely models for many of his figure compositions, in which the subjects engage in humble activities, such as preparing meals or gathering in groups to read to each other. The light draws attention to faces and hands, which emerge sharply from dimly lit surroundings.\nAlthough the realism of Ribot's work aligns him with the most progressive artists of the generation preceding the Impressionists, he was no revolutionary, and his work met with a generally favorable response from the public and from critics.\nIn 1878 Ribot received the Légion d'honneur. At about this time, in ill health, he stopped painting and moved to Colombes, where he died in 1891."}] | |
4397597 | output_images/4397597.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Rhode Island Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"Rhode Island Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to Rhode Island at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nNot all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These \"dictatorial powers\" included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large.\nEarly in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to Ezekiel Cornell of Rhode Island. Cornell declined in order to command a brigade of Rhode Island state troops.\nWashington also offered command of an additional regiment to Henry Sherburne of Rhode Island, who accepted. In 1776, Sherburne has served with distinction at the Battle of The Cedars. Half of Sherburne's Regiment was drawn from Rhode Island and half from Connecticut.\nStill other Continental infantry regiments and smaller units, also unrelated to a state quota, were raised as needed for special or temporary service.\nRhode Island provincial regiments, 1775\nOn April 23, 1775, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress voted to raise a volunteer force of 13,600 men, and it called upon the other New England colonies for assistance in raising an army of 30,000 men.\nIn response, the Rhode Island Assembly voted, on May 6, 1775, to contribute 1,500 men to this army. The Rhode Island troops were formed into a brigade of three infantry regiments. Nathanael Greene was the brigade commander. Two of the regiments had eight companies each, and one of the regiments had seven companies. (The Rhode Island Train of Artillery, which was a part of this force, brought the brigade's strength up to 24 companies). Rhode Island infantry regiments initially had an official establishment of 487 officers and men in eight companies (but one regiment had only 427 men in seven companies). The troops were enlisted to serve until December 31, 1775.\nThe legislation of the Rhode Island Assembly which created this force described it as an army of observation. This term was also used for the forces raised by the four New England colonies to observe the British garrison in Boston, Massachusetts.\nMassachusetts requested reinforcements from the other New England colonies following the Battle of Bunker Hill. Rhode Island responded, on June 28, 1775, by raising six new companies and assigning two companies to each Rhode Island regiment.\nIn an effort to weld the separate New England armies into a single \"Continental\" Army, on August 5, 1775, General Washington ordered that a board be convened to determine the rank of the regiments at Boston. The board was to consist of a brigadier general as moderator and six field officers as members. It completed its task on August 20, 1775, and reported its decision to Washington. The regiments of infantry in the Continental Army were accordingly numbered without reference to their colony of origin. There were thirty-nine \"Regiments of Foot in the Army of the United Colonies.\" In General Orders, Washington often referred to his regiments by these numbers; and they appear in the strength reports compiled by Adjutant General Horatio Gates.\nVarnum's Regiment was commanded by Colonel James Mitchell Varnum. In August 1775, Varnum's Regiment was designated \"The 12th Regiment of Foot.\" It served in the siege of Boston until its term of service expired on December 31, 1775. It was reorganized the next day, January 1, 1776, as the 9th Continental Regiment.\nHitchcock's Regiment was commanded by Colonel Daniel Hitchcock. In August 1775, Hitchcock's Regiment was designated \"The 14th Regiment of Foot.\" It served in the siege of Boston until its term of service expired on December 31, 1775. It was reorganized the next day, January 1, 1776, as the 11th Continental Regiment.\nChurch's Regiment was commanded by Colonel Thomas Church. In August 1775, Church's Regiment was designated \"The 15th Regiment of Foot.\" It served in the siege of Boston until its term of service expired on December 31, 1775, when it was disbanded.\nNumbered Continental regiments, 1776\nOn November 4, 1775, the Continental Congress resolved that on January 1, 1776,\nthe Continental Army, exclusive of artillery and extras, should consist of 27 infantry\nregiments: 1 from Pennsylvania, 3 from New Hampshire, 16 from Massachusetts, 2 from\nRhode Island, and 5 from Connecticut. Each regiment was to have an official\nestablishment of 728 officers and men in eight companies. The regiments were to receive\nnumbers instead of names, and the troops were to be enlisted to serve until December 31,\n1776.\nFor the campaign of 1776 Rhode Island was to provide the 9th and 11th Continental regiments.\n9th Continental Regiment.\n11th Continental Regiment.\nThe line in 1777\n1st Rhode Island Regiment – Organized on January 1, 1777, from the 9th Continental Regiment. Consolidated with the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment on January 1, 1781, and re-designated the Rhode Island Regiment. Re-designated as Olney's Rhode Island Battalion on May 14, 1781. Disbanded on December 25, 1783.\n2nd Rhode Island Regiment – Organized on January 1, 1777, from the 11th Continental Regiment. Consolidated with the 1st Rhode Island Regiment on January 1, 1781, to form the Rhode Island Regiment.\nNotes\nReferences\nCarrington, Henry B. Battles of the American Revolution. New York: Promontory Press (Reprint Edition. Originally Published, 1877).\nFitzpatrick, John C. Editor. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources. Available from the University of Virginia website.\nForce, Peter American Archives. Available, in part, from the Northern Illinois University website.\nHeitman, Francis B. Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution, April 1775 to December 1783. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1967 (Originally published, 1914).\nLesser, Charles H. Editor. The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976.\nPeterson, Harold L. The Book of the Continental Soldier. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1968.\nWright, Robert K. The Continental Army. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, 1983. Available online.\nExternal links\nBibliography of the Continental Army in Rhode Island compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History"}] | |
4397608 | output_images/4397608.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The South Carolina Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"South Carolina Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to South Carolina at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nUnits belonging to the State Line\nThe following units belonged to the South Carolina State troops initially and were transferred to the Continental Army on the dates indicated. The original commanders, their ranks, and the dates the units were established and disbanded are included. \nAll of the State Troops that became Continental Line were effectively decimated during the Siege of Charleston--either by action or by surrender on May 12, 1780.\nEngagements\nBetween July 1775 and May 1780, the six regiments participated in engagements in South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.\nSee also\n List of South Carolina militia units in the American Revolution for a list of South Carolina militia and State troops.\nReferences\nWright, Robert K. The Continental Army. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, 1983. Available TOC, Book.\nBibliography of the Continental Army in South Carolina compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History"}] | |
4397622 | output_images/4397622.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Virginia Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"Virginia Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to Virginia at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state.\nNot all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These “dictatorial powers” included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large. Early in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to Nathaniel Gist of Virginia, who accepted. He also offered command of an additional regiment to William Grayson of Virginia, who accepted. In 1776, Grayson had served as one of Washington’s personal aides. Finally, Washington offered command of an additional regiment to Charles Mynn Thruston of Virginia, who accepted.\nStill other Continental infantry regiments and smaller units, also unrelated to a state quota, were raised as needed for special or temporary service. The independent companies raised by Virginia in 1777 to garrison Fort Pitt and Fort Randolph were examples of such “extra” units. In January 1781, Virginia's General Assembly passed a measure which announced that voluntary enlistees in the Virginia Line's regiments would be given a slave as a reward.\nVirginia Provincial Regiments, 1775\nIn August 1775 the Virginia Convention voted to raise fifteen companies to serve one year. The companies were raised in the fall of 1775 and organized into two regiments. The Continental Congress resolved, on November 1, 1775, to place these two regiments on the Continental establishment. The regiments were designated the 1st and 2d Virginia Regiments.\nThe 1st Virginia Regiment was commanded by Patrick Henry.\nThe 2d Virginia Regiment was commanded by William Woodford.\nVirginia Line, 1776\nOn December 28, 1775, the Continental Congress voted to raise four more regiments in Virginia. The Virginia Convention concurred on January 11, 1776. The Convention ordered that an additional 72 companies be raised and that the term of service of the original fifteen companies be extended. The 87 companies were to be organized into nine regiments of ten companies each (the 9th Virginia Regiment having at first only seven companies). The new force was to serve for not exceeding two and a half years. The 1st and 2d Virginia Regiments were reconstituted; the 3d through 6th Virginia Regiments were raised as Continental regiments; and the 7th through 9th Virginia Regiments were raised as state troops. In the course of 1776 the state regiments were placed on the Continental establishment.\nThe 1st Virginia Regiment.\nThe 2nd Virginia Regiment.\nThe 3rd Virginia Regiment.\nThe 4th Virginia Regiment.\nThe 5th Virginia Regiment.\nThe 6th Virginia Regiment.\nThe 7th Virginia Regiment.\nThe 8th Virginia Regiment.\nThe 9th Virginia Regiment.\nVirginia Line, 1777\nOn September 16, 1776, the Continental Congress resolved to raise an army of eighty-eight infantry regiments which were to serve for the duration of the war. Virginia was called upon to contribute fifteen of these regiments. The 1st through 9th Virginia Regiments were reconstituted in the Continental Army as regiments raised to serve for the duration of the war. The cadres for these regiments were drawn from the regiments which Virginia had sent to the field in 1775 and 1776. The remaining six regiments (the 10th through 15th Virginia Regiments) were entirely new.\nThe 1st Virginia Regiment\nThe 2nd Virginia Regiment\nThe 3rd Virginia Regiment\nThe 4th Virginia Regiment\nThe 5th Virginia Regiment\nThe 6th Virginia Regiment\nThe 7th Virginia Regiment\nThe 8th Virginia Regiment\nThe 9th Virginia Regiment\nThe 10th Virginia Regiment\nThe 11th Virginia Regiment\nThe 12th Virginia Regiment\nThe 13th Virginia Regiment\nThe 14th Virginia Regiment\nThe 15th Virginia Regiment\nThree Additional Continental regiments were raised and allotted to Virginia in 1777. There were 16 Additional regiments planned of which only 14 were actually raised. The responsibility for raising these units did not rest with the states, but with the Continental Congress which gave George Washington almost complete control over them. The colonels were Nathaniel Gist, William Grayson, and Charles Mynn Thruston. In 1779 the three units were consolidated into Gist's regiment. "}] | |
4397671 | output_images/4397671.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Area codes 217 and 447 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for much of the central part of the U.S. state of Illinois. The numbering plan area (NPA) includes the state capital, Springfield, and Champaign, Urbana, Decatur, Taylorville, Lincoln, Danville, Effingham, Quincy, Rantoul, and Jacksonville. 217 was one of the original North American area codes created in 1947 and 447 was added to the same area in 2021 to form an all-services overlay.\nHistory\nIn the original configuration of the first nationwide telephone numbering plan, the numbering plan area 217 included most of Metro East, the Illinois side of the St. Louis metropolitan area. In 1951, a slight boundary shift reassigned most of the southern portion of Metro East to area code 618, leaving the northern portion in 217. The only other significant change in boundaries was after September 1956, when its northern portion (Peoria, Bloomington-Normal) was combined with part of the region of area code 815 to form a new numbering plan area with area code 309.\nIn 2006, the Illinois Commerce Commission approved an all-services overlay for the numbering plan area, adding new area code 447 in 2021. As of March 27, 2021, new central office codes are available for activation by service providers. A permissive dialing period was in effect from August 29, 2020, to February 27, 2021, when ten-digit dialing for local calls became mandatory.\nService area\nSmaller municipalities in the numbering plan area are:\n Arcola\n Arthur\n Assumption\n Athens\n Auburn\n Augusta\n Beardstown\n Benld\n Casey\n Carlinville\n Carthage\n Chandlerville\n Charleston\n Chatham\n Clinton\n Danville\n Decatur\n Effingham\n Forsyth\n Georgetown\n Gibson City\n Gillespie\n Girard\n Greenup\n Greenville\n Hamilton\n Harvel\n Hillsboro\n Hoopeston\n Illiopolis\n Indianola\n Jacksonville\n Jerome\n Leland Grove\n Lincoln\n Litchfield\n Macon\n Mahomet\n Maroa\n Marshall\n Mattoon\n Meredosia\n Monticello\n Morrisonville\n Mount Auburn\n Mount Zion\n Moweaqua\n Nauvoo\n New Berlin\n Nokomis\n Oconee\n Ogden\n Palmer\n Pana\n Paris\n Paxton\n Petersburg\n Pittsfield\n Quincy\n Rantoul\n Raymond\n Riverton\n Rochester\n Rushville"}] | |
4397693 | output_images/4397693.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": ""}] | |
4397720 | output_images/4397720.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Charles II of Orléans (22 January 1522 – 9 September 1545) was the third son of Francis I and Claude of France.\nDuke of Orléans \nFrom his birth until the death of his oldest brother Francis, Dauphin of France (Francis I's eldest son), in 1536, Charles was known as the Duke of Angoulême. After his brother's death, he became Duke of Orléans, a title previously held by his surviving brother Henry, who had succeeded Francis as Dauphin and would later become King of France as Henry II.\nBy all accounts, he was the most handsome of Francis I's sons. Smallpox made him blind in one eye, but it seems that it was not noticeable. He was known for his wild antics, his practical jokes and his extravagance and frivolousness, which his father approved of wholeheartedly. He was, by far, his father's favorite son. In addition, he was popular with everyone at his father's court, and it was widely believed that the French nobility of the time would have much preferred to have him as the Dauphin as opposed to his downcast brother, Henry, who never seemed to recover from his years of captivity in Spain.\nIn 1540 he was granted the title of Count of Clermont.\nIn 1542, Francis I and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, again went to war against each other. Charles fought and captured Luxembourg, but then fearful that he would miss the glory of Perpignan, which was under siege by the Dauphin Henry, he headed south. Luxembourg was lost and retaken several times during the war.\nMarriage arrangements "}] | |
4397742 | output_images/4397742.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The University Heights Bridge is a steel-truss revolving swing bridge across the Harlem River in New York City. It connects West 207th Street in the Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan with West Fordham Road in the University Heights neighborhood of the Bronx. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation."}] | |
4397776 | output_images/4397776.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Omi-Ọṣun ruins are the remains of an ancient settlement of the Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún kingdom, located along the Omi-Ọsun river in southwestern Nigeria. The ruins consist of remnants of ancient walls, potsherds, and other relics. Much of the site complex is currently overgrown with thicket, but large portions are being used as farmland. Efforts have been made since the late 1970s to persuade the paramount ruler and the local population to protect the remaining ruins from destruction by farming activity, building, and road construction. These efforts received an authoritatitive boost when the main advocate of the conservation of the ruins, a geologist/geophysicist with archaeological interests, was installed into the royal dynastic position of the Oba'lumo, which provided him with increased access to the royal councils of the Orangun, the paramount king of the region."}] | |
4397792 | output_images/4397792.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Chip and Pepper Foster are identical twin businessmen from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. They are co-owners of Chip & Pepper California and former hosts of their own NBC series, Chip and Pepper's Cartoon Madness and owners of KUB Bread in Winnipeg, Manitoba.\nChip and Pepper's Cartoon Madness"}] | |
4397829 | output_images/4397829.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Estadio Antonio Aranda, known until 2013 as Estadio Tte. Cnel. Antonio Oddone Sarubbi, is a football stadium in the city of Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. It is the home venue of Club Atlético 3 de Febrero and is named after Antonio Aranda Encina, a former club executive who contributed to the stadium's construction through his enterprise Eventos y Construcciones, and also to 3 de Febrero's first promotion to the first division in 2004.\nHistory\nThe stadium is located next to Ciudad del Este's bus terminal. The stadium is on the Avenue General Bernardino Caballero, and was opened in 1973. The capacity of the stadium, is 28,000. It has a grass surface and was renovated in 1999, for which it was utilized as one of the venues of the 1999 Copa América, hosting games by Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile national teams. Fixtures of the 2004 South American U-16 Championship and the 2007 South American U-20 Championship were also disputed at the stadium. The stadium is Paraguay's third largest, according to its seating capacity.\nThe stadium was the venue which saw Paraguayan footballers, Roque Santa Cruz score his first international goal for the Albirroja on 17 June 1999 in a friendly match against Uruguay, and Nelson Haedo score his first international goal for the Albirroja on 17 August 2005 in a friendly match against El Salvador.\nGallery"}] | |
4397832 | output_images/4397832.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Ethel Stefana Drower ( Stevens; full name: Ethel May Stefana Drower; 1 December 1879 – 27 January 1972) was a British cultural anthropologist, orientalist and novelist who studied the Middle East and its cultures. She was and is still considered one of the primary specialists on the Mandaeans, and was the dedicated collector of Mandaean manuscripts.\nBiography\nDrower was the daughter of a clergyman. In 1906, she was working for Curtis Brown, a London literary agency when she signed Arthur Ransome to write Bohemia in London.\nIn 1911, she married Edwin Drower and after his knighthood became Lady Drower. As E. S. Stevens, she wrote a series of romantic novels for Mills & Boon and other publishers. In 1921, she accompanied her husband to Iraq where Sir Edwin Drower was adviser to the Justice Minister from 1921 to 1947. Among her grandchildren was the campaigning journalist Roly Drower.\nHer works include the comprehensive description and display of the last practising gnostic Mandaeans' rituals, rites, and customs in The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran: Their Cults, Customs, Magic, Legends, and Folklore, The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans (a translation of the Qolasta), The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis, and The Peacock Angel (novel about the Yezidis), editions of unique manuscripts such as astronomical divinations (omen) (The Book of the Zodiac) and magical texts (A Book of Black Magic; A Phylactery for Rue), and relevant translations of Mandaean religious works such as The Haran Gawaita and the Baptism of Hibil-Ziwa and The Coronation of the Great Šišlam. Drower's final major work titled Mass and Masiqta or Messiah, Mass and Masiqta remains unpublished to this day and it is unclear if the full manuscript exists.\nBefore her scholarly activity, \"Already under her maiden name of Ethel Stefana Stevens, Lady Drower had been fired by the romance of the Orient; between 1909 and 1927 she published 13 novels, and she was the author of two delectable books of travel.\"\nDrower died on 27 January 1972. She was survived by her daughter, Margaret \"Peggy\" Hackforth-Jones, and other family members.\nAwards and honors"}] | |
4397860 | output_images/4397860.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Tirumurukātṟuppatai (, meaning Guide to Lord Murugan) is an ancient intensely devotional Tamil poem in the Sangam literature genre entirely dedicated to the god Murugan. Murugan is described as the nephew of the god Vishnu, who is called Mayon or the ruler of the worlds. Authored by Nakkiranar, it is the first poem in the Ten Idylls (Pattuppāṭṭu) anthology. The poem is generally dated to the late classical period (2nd to 4th century CE), with some scholars suggesting it may have been composed a few centuries later.\nThe anthologies and poems of the Sangam literature have numerous references and verses to Murugan – also known as Subrahmanya, Kumara, Skanda, Kartikeya in other parts of India. The Tirumurukarruppatai poem is exclusively about different manifestations and shrines of Murugan. It describes different major temples dedicated to him in the Tamil region, six locations, the natural scenes, worship practices and the culture of the people."}] | |
4397864 | output_images/4397864.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation (FCT) is a twenty-year strategic treaty that was signed by the leaders of the two international powers, Jiang Zemin and Vladimir Putin, on July 16, 2001.\nOn June 28, 2021, Russia and China extended the treaty for another 5 years after its expiration in February 2022.\nOverview\nThe treaty outlines the broad strokes which are to serve as a basis for peaceful relations, economic cooperation, as well as diplomatic and geopolitical reliance. Article 9 of the treaty states \"When a situation arises in which one of the contracting parties deems that peace is being threatened and undermined or its security interests are involved or when it is confronted with the threat of aggression, the contracting parties shall immediately hold contacts and consultations in order to eliminate such threats.\" Other articles (A7 and A16) point at increasing military cooperation, including the sharing of \"military know-how\" (A16), namely, Chinese access to Russian military technology.\nThe treaty also encompasses a mutual, cooperative approach to environmental technology regulations and energy conservation; and toward international finance and trade. The document affirms Russia's stand on Taiwan as \"an inalienable part of China\" (A5), and highlights the commitment to ensure the \"national unity and territorial integrity\" in the two countries (A4). The treaty includes a no first use clause for the two nations against each other.\nAccording to Paul Stronski and Nicole Ng of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, \"the greatest threat to the West of the Sino-Russian partnership emanates from their efforts to adjust the international system to their advantage\"."}] | |
4397865 | output_images/4397865.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Capeta is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masahito Soda. The manga won the Kodansha Manga Award for the shōnen category in 2005.\nThe series consists of three separate arcs. The first is about Capeta's first experiences with kart racing at the age of 10. The next arc, which starts four years later, deals with Capeta trying to handle his growing financial issues due to the high cost involved in kart racing. The third is about Capeta trying to realize his dream of beating his rival and becoming a professional racer, venturing through into a more senior category: Formula Three. Both the anime and manga features numerous references and homages to Initial D and Best Motoring International, as well as Formula One. In addition to this, there are many karting and racing references that not only add flesh to the story, but are also factual (such as comments about racing lines, tire usage, slipstreaming and general commentary on the world of four-wheel racing).\nKodansha published the series in English on their K Manga service.\nPlot\n, otherwise known as , is a ten-year-old boy whose single-parent father, , works for a paving company. While completing a paving job at a go-kart track, his father sees a young boy racing at the track and is amazed at the speed and seeming thrill of the sport. Realizing that his young son has an interest in racing cars (particularly Formula One), Shigei asks the circuit steward as to whether he is able to take some old worn-down parts out of the circuit's trash pile. Taking these back to his workplace, he manages to construct a rundown yet drivable kart. Shigei's boss, Mr. Ikari, (initially begrudgingly) supplies a 4-stroke generator engine to power the kart.\nDetermined, Capeta, in his first time on a race track, manages to not only master the mangled racer, but also catches and attempts to overtake on the inside line, a talented young racer who drives for a works karting team, Endless Autohouse Racing. This overtaking maneuver shocks Naomi so much so that he drops the accelerator of his kart, accelerates past Capeta. This infuriates his mother and team manager, , as he over-revved a brand new engine which he was supposed to be merely running in. Nobu Andou and Monami Suzuki, Capeta's best friends, support him in his karting – Nobu as his technical assistant/manager and Monami as the self-appointed team manager.\nCapeta, unaware of the difference in machinery between his own kart and Naomi's works-grade kart, does not understand why it was impossible for him to catch Naomi. Nonetheless, onlookers are amazed that a child from out of the blue is able to push his machine to such a limit, let alone unnerve the track's local hotshot. Nanako, also amazed, offers to help Capeta's entry into the world of kart racing, secretly as a rival for her son. After what is a difficult conversation for Capeta, the Taira father and son turn down the offer to enroll Capeta in the Endless Autohouse Racing team and run their own single kart team on their own instead."}] | |
4397879 | output_images/4397879.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "École secondaire Le Caron is the only French first language high school located in Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada. It serves the French population of Simcoe County, and it is managed by Conseil scolaire Viamonde.\nEarly history\nSince 1976, the Simcoe County School Board has been deaf to the demands of Francophones regarding the creation of a school.\nThe tone rose sharply in September 1979, a few months before the referendum on sovereignty in Quebec, when French speakers in the Penetanguishene region opened the École secondaire de la Huronie, a parallel and illegal school. This \"school of resistance\" included 54 students from grades 9 to 13. This school only existed for one year, but became the symbol of the struggle for the flourishing of Franco-Ontarian culture. \nThe dispute culminated in a legal battle that ended in two stages. First, in 1980, when an agreement in principle with the province and the school board led to a school. Built between 1980 and 1981, Le Caron secondary school could finally open on April 23, 1982. At the same time, in July 1986, the Ontario Superior Court ruled in favor of Jacques Marchand in his 1984 lawsuit against the province and the school board, culminating in the Sirois judgment. The ruling forced Ontario to invest $ 5.7 million to expand the Le Caron School so that it could offer services equivalent to those provided to the English-speaking majority.\nFor more information on the history of the Franco-Ontario crisis in the region, visit the \"Penetanguishene and The School of Resistance\" pages of the virtual exhibition \"Présence française en Ontario: 1610, passeport pour 2010\", on the University Of Ottawa website: Centre de recherche en civilisation canadienne-française (CRCCF)\nRecent history\nOver the years the school has moved from its original building on Main Street to 22 John Street, where it currently resides. Throughout the years it has maintained its proud Franco-Ontarian heritage by participating in local French events and charities. Le Caron hosts grades 7 to 12 exclusively in French while maintaining the provincial education standards set forth by the province of Ontario. On average, 150 students are counted annually; all from the surrounding Franco-Ontarian region. On May 20–22, the school will be celebrating 40 since its inception as the only French-first High school of Ontario.\nCurriculum\nAs outlined in the Sirois Judgment, Ecole Secondaire Le Caron offers many courses also available in other area English high schools which include the following:\nauto mechanic\nwelding\nwoodworking/Construction\nSpanish\ncivics (cooking/basic accounting)\ncomprehensive CO-OP program\nA detailed list of available courses can be acquired by contacting the CSViamond school board site.\nExtracurricular"}] | |
4397892 | output_images/4397892.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Samuel George Coppersmith (born May 22, 1955) is an American attorney and former politician who served as the U.S. representative for Arizona's 1st congressional district from 1993 to 1995. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\nEarly years\nCoppersmith was born May 22, 1955, in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1976, and then worked as a Foreign Service Officer with the U.S. State Department, assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. He returned to the U.S. then earned a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1982. After law school, he clerked for Judge William C. Canby Jr., of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and served as an assistant to the Mayor of Phoenix.\nHouse of Representatives\nIn 1992, Coppersmith won the Democratic primary in Arizona's 1st District and faced three-term Republican Jay Rhodes in the general election. Coppersmith won the elections and became a U.S. Representative from the Democratic Party for Arizona's 1st Congressional District.\nSenate race\nIn 1994, Coppersmith gave up his seat after only one term to run for the U.S. Senate when Dennis DeConcini retired. In the Democratic race to replace the retiring DeConcini, Rep. Sam Coppersmith won with a razor-thin margin of 32 votes (81,547 votes vs 81,515 for Richard Mahoney). He subsequently lost to fellow Congressman Jon Kyl by 14 points.\nPrivate law practice\nAfter leaving Congress, Coppersmith spent two years as the chairman of the Arizona Democratic Party. He is an attorney specializing in real estate law and a managing partner of the law firm of Coppersmith Schermer & Brockelman PLC. He has a blog called LiberalDesert.\nSee also\n List of Jewish members of the United States Congress\nReferences\nExternal links"}] | |
4397895 | output_images/4397895.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Tayyibe Gülek (born 1968, Adana) is a Turkish economist and politician.\nBiography\nGulek received her B.A. with honors in economics from Harvard University in 1991 and her M.Sc. degree in 1992 from the London School of Economics. She started her professional career as an advisor to the Chief Coordinator of Economic Policy at the Prime Ministry where she worked on projects such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, economics coordination, European Community coordination, and the Southeastern Anatolia Project.\nIn 1999, she was elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly (parliament) representing Adana for the Democratic Left Party. During her term in office, she was a member of the Turkish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, where she was Vice Chair of the Committee on Human Rights, member of the Committee on Health and Family Affairs, and a member of the Committee on Equality between Men and Women. In 2002, she became Minister of State responsible for Cyprus and for Turks living abroad.\nShe is the daughter of the Kasım Gülek.\nReferences\nExternal links\n Who is Who - Tayyibe Gülek \nTurkish women economists\nTurkish economists\n1968 births\nPeople from Adana\nLiving people\nHarvard College alumni\nAlumni of the London School of Economics\nDeputies of Adana\nDemocratic Left Party (Turkey) politicians\nWomen government ministers of Turkey"}] | |
4397907 | output_images/4397907.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "UST Inc. was a holding company, the biggest producer of snuff and chewing tobacco, whose subsidiaries included U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company and International Wine & Spirits Ltd., which in turn is a holding company of Chateau Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, a vintner of premium wines. On January 6, 2009, UST Inc. was purchased by Altria.\nHistory\nUnited States Tobacco Co. existed before the American Tobacco Co. acquisition. UST was founded as the United States Tobacco Co. in 1911, Richmond, Va., after the US Supreme Court dissolved the American Tobacco Company trust as a monopoly and in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. Weyman-Bruton Company incorporates in 1911, acquires the United States Tobacco Company in 1921 and becomes the United States Tobacco Company in 1922, relocates from New York City to Greenwich, Connecticut in 1970, later creating the holding company in 1986. The company is incorporated in Delaware, and in the fall of 2006 announced it would move its headquarters from Greenwich, Connecticut to Stamford, Connecticut.\nIt operated a video company Cabin Fever Entertainment, which was in existence for ten years from 1988 to 1998, as well as a video branch Razzmatazz Entertainment, which was in operation from 1996 to 1998 mostly to release kids videos, and feature film distributor Cabin Fever Films, which was mainly used to distribute feature films for the theatrical market. In 1998, both video subsidiaries were folded into Hallmark Home Entertainment.\nIn 2005, UST was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to the second inauguration of President George W. Bush.\nUST reported having an average of 5,111 employees in 2005. That year, UST had a $534 million profit on sales of $1.85 billion.\nOn November 2, 2006, UST promoted president and chief operating officer Murray S. Kessler to chief executive officer effective January 1, 2007. Vincent Gierer Jr., who had been CEO since 1993, remained chairman of the board of directors.\nUST manufactures smokeless tobacco in Nashville, Tennessee; Hopkinsville, Kentucky; and Franklin Park, Illinois. It also owns vineyards in Washington state and California.\nUST held 62.4 percent of the smokeless tobacco market as of the third quarter of 2006, according to an Oct. 26, 2006 report by Morningstar. UST's primary competitors include the American Snuff Company subsidiary of Reynolds American, and Swedish Match.\nEffective January 6, 2009, Altria acquired all outstanding shares of UST Inc. (UST), shareholders of UST are entitled to receive $69.50 in cash without interest and less any applicable withholding tax, for each share of common stock held at the effective time of the merger.\nReferences\nTobacco companies of the United States\nHolding companies of the United States\nHolding companies established in 1986\n2009 mergers and acquisitions\nCompanies based in Stamford, Connecticut\nAltria subsidiaries"}] | |
4397927 | output_images/4397927.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Visconde de Mauá is a district of the city of Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.\nOf ampler form, the name Visconde de Mauá is attributed to the set of villages of Mauá, Maringá and Maromba and its diverse valleys, as the Vale das Cruzes, Alcantilado, Pavão and Grama. The region includes parts of the cities of Resende-RJ, Itatiaia-RJ and Bocaina de Minas, in the state of Minas Gerais. The villages are, on average, within 40 kilometers of the centers of these cities.\nVisconde de Mauá has about six thousand inhabitants. The main economic activity of the region is tourism, with more than 100 establishments of lodging and dozen of restaurants, some specializing in trout and pine nut recipes.\nThis region is located in an area of environmental preservation, in the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range, at 1200 meters of altitude.\nHistory\nThe name Visconde de Mauá bears homage to Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, baron and later viscount (in Portuguese = visconde), who received lands in the region in 1870, as a concession of the imperial government for wood exploration, that would be transformed into vegetal coal. In 1889, still in the Empire, his son, Enrique Irineu de Souza, installed in lands a colonial nucleus, formed for families of European immigrants. The initiative failed and most of the colonists returned to the native countries. In 1908 the federal government purchased the lands of Enrique and creates the Colonial Nucleus Visconde de Mauá, second attempt to receive European colonists. This nucleus finished in 1916.\nSome German families had remained in Visconde de Mauá and, from the decade of 1930, they started to receive relatives and friends from Europe, initiating the tourist activity in the region. In the decade of 1970, the village of Maromba was discovered by hippies and, from the 1980s, became one of the preferred mountain destinations of tourists of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.\nCuriosity: Irineu Evangelista, viscount of Mauá, never was in the region that today takes its name.\nWeather\nThe climate of the region is classified as tropical of altitude, having light summers and cold and dry winters. In the winter, from June to August, temperature can go from -2 °C to 13 °C (28 °F - 55 °F). The summer presents rain frequently, mainly evening rains, with temperatures varying from 8 °C to 27 °C (46 °F - 80 °F).\nAccess \nThe nearest International airports to Visconde de Mauá are Tom Jobim/Galeão (GIG) in Rio de Janeiro and Cumbica/Guarulhos (GRU) in São Paulo.\nFrom Rio\n By car: Take the Dutra highway (BR-116), see: Rodovia Presidente Dutra, towards São Paulo. 6 kilometers after Resende city, turn right to Visconde de Mauá and Penedo at access 311. Go straight on the RJ-163 for about 34 kilometers until you reach Visconde de Mauá. The last 15 km is not paved.\n By bus: Contact Cidade do Aço company at the municipal bus station (Phone +55 21 2233-1218). Approx 3 hours travel.\n From São Paulo\n By car: Take the Dutra highway (BR 116), see: Rodovia Presidente Dutra, towards Rio de Janeiro. 5 km after Itatiaia city (before Resende), turn left to Visconde de Mauá and Penedo at access 311. Go straight on the RJ-163 for about 34 kilometers until you reach Visconde de Mauá. The last 15 km is not paved.\n By bus: Contact Cometa bus company at the Tietê Station (phone +55 11 4004 9600). There are lines to Resende (approx. 4 hours). You must take a local bus to go from Resende to Visconde de Mauá (approx. 1 hour).\nDistances\n Rio de Janeiro: 200 km (124.3 miles)\n São Paulo: 300 km (186.4 miles)"}] | |
4397933 | output_images/4397933.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System (1980), also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS), is a transliteration system for rendering Burmese in the Latin alphabet. It is loosely based on the common system for romanization of Pali, has some similarities to the ALA-LC romanization and was devised by the Myanmar Language Commission. The system is used in many linguistic publications regarding Burmese and is used in MLC publications as the primary form of romanization of Burmese.\nThe transcription system is based on the orthography of formal Burmese and is not suited for colloquial Burmese, which has substantial differences in phonology from formal Burmese. Differences are mentioned throughout the article.\nThere are some instances in which the regular Burmese script is used on devices (e.g. computers, smartphones, tablets, etc.).\nFeatures \nCoalesced letters transcribe stacked consonants.\nConsonantal transcriptions (for initials) are similar to those of Pali.\nFinals are transcribed as consonants (, , , ) rather than glottal stops\nNasalized finals are transcribed as consonants (, , , ) rather than as a single final.\nThe anunasika () and final () are not differentiated.\nThe colon () and the period () transcribe two tones: heavy and creaky respectively.\nSpecial transcriptions are used for abbreviated syllables used in literary Burmese.\nTranscription system\nInitials and finals\nThe following initials are listed in the traditional ordering of the Burmese script, with the transcriptions of the initials listed before their IPA equivalents:\n1Sometimes used as a final, but preceding diacritics determine its pronunciation.\nThe Burmese alphabet is arranged in groups of five, and within each group, consonants can stack one another. The consonant above the stacked consonant is the final of the previous vowel. Most words of Sino-Tibetan origin are spelt without stacking, but polysyllabic words of Indo-European origin (such as Pali, Sanskrit, and English) are often spelt with stacking. Possible combinations are as follows:\n1 is uncommonly spelt ().\nAll consonantal finals are pronounced as glottal stops (), except for nasal finals. All possible combinations are as follows, and correspond to the colors of the initials above:\nNasalised finals are transcribed differently. Transcriptions of the following diacritical combinations in Burmese for nasalised finals are as follows:\nMonophthongs are transcribed as follows:\nTones \n1 Oral vowels are shown with .\n2 Nasal vowels are shown with ().\nMedial consonants \nA medial is a semivowel that comes before the vowel. Combinations of medials (such as and ) are possible. They follow the following order in transcription: , or , and . In Standard Burmese, there are three pronounced medials. The following are medials in the MLC Transcription System:\n†The two medials are pronounced the same in Standard Burmese. In dialects such as Rakhine (Arakanese), the latter is pronounced .\n‡When the medial is spelt with (), its sound becomes (), which was once represented by ().\nAbbreviated syllables\nFormal Burmese has four abbreviated symbols, which are typically used in literary works:\nSee also\nBurmese script\nBurmese language\nReferences"}] | |
4397943 | output_images/4397943.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Etsushi Ogawa. It was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Magazine Special from October 1995 to November 1996; a follow-up sequel, , was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Magazine from January 1997 to May 1999. Both series' overall chapters were collected in seventeen tankōbon volumes. The story is centered on Liu Mao Xing, a boy whose aim is to become the best chef he could be. In November 2017, Ogawa started a sequel entitled Chūka Ichiban! Kiwami, published in Kodansha's Magazine Pocket app.\nA 52-episode anime television series adaptation by Nippon Animation aired on Fuji TV from April 1997 to September 1998. In some other countries, the anime adaptation was also called Cooking Master Boy. A second 24-episode anime television series adaptation of Shin Chūka Ichiban!, or True Cooking Master Boy, produced by NAS and Production I.G, aired for two seasons from October to December 2019 and January to March 2021, respectively.\nPlot\nThe story takes place in 19th-century China during the Qing dynasty, where the Emperor was weakened, and the country was close to chaos. It is also during a fictitious era called \"The Era of the Cooking Wars\". It was an era in which top chefs with different cooking styles tried their best to improve their skills and to become the best chef in China. It is a country where insulting a high-grade chef or fooling around with cooking could land a person in a jail, and impersonating a top-chef is as bad as usurpation of authority. Chefs compete with each other in order to gain respect and even power, but also with the risks of losing everything.\nAfter the death of Mao's mother, Pai, who was called the \"Goddess of Cuisine\", Mao becomes a Super Chef in order to take the title as Master Chef of his mother's restaurant. However, before he takes his mother's place as Master Chef, he continues to travel China in order to learn more of the many ways of cooking, in the hopes of becoming a legendary chef, just like his mother. During his journey, he meets great friends and fierce rivals who wish to challenge him in the field of cooking.\nCharacters\nMain characters\nA 13-year-old boy. Mao basically grew up in the kitchen watching his mother cook in her restaurant. Due to this, he grew up learning his mother's cooking skills and also ended up with the same love for cooking his mother had. Although he had that kind of knowledge, Mao did not cook much, and everyone just thought of him as a kid who just played around and who did not even know how to cook. It was not until his mother's restaurant was in jeopardy that he decided to cook. To everyone's surprise, Mao was a genius chef. Seeing his talent, General Lee sends him on a journey to become a Super Chef. Eventually, Mao becomes the youngest Super Chef in history and decides to travel the country even more, so he can learn more about cooking techniques.\nEven though he does not have much experience, Mao has the pride of a truly experienced chef and having learned from his mother that a chef's purpose is to create a dish that makes people happy, he always put his customers' needs first and is always able to make a creative dish that greatly satisfies them. Along with his curiosity in wanting to learn more about cooking, Mao also has unique taste buds; having the ability to remember every single food he has eaten and its ingredients, he could even identify or name all of the ingredients in the food he is currently eating. These traits make Mao a strong contender in the battlefield of cooking."}] | |
4397945 | output_images/4397945.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Bonnyville Pontiacs are a Junior A ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League. They play in Bonnyville, Alberta, Canada at the R. J. Lalonde Arena.\nHistory\nThe Bonnyville Pontiacs entered the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) as the league's ninth team for the 1991–92 season, adopting the Pontiacs name and logo originally used by the Senior A team of the same name in the 1950s.\nThe franchise was awarded, along with the 1991–92 all-star game, on June 1, 1991, leaving just two months for the new organization to find staff and players before the start of the season. The short off-season hampered the team on the ice, as it finished a distant last place in the standings and missed the playoffs. The Pontiacs remained in last for two more seasons before qualifying for the postseason for the first time in 1995. The team continued to finish in the bottom half of the standings for most of the next two decades.\nSeason-by-season record\nNote: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T/OTL = Ties/Overtime losses, SOL = Shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against\nNHL alumni\nThe following former Pontiacs have gone on to play in the NHL:\nMatt Climie\nJustin Fontaine\nJon Kalinski\nMark Letestu\nBrinson Pasichnuk\nNolan Pratt\nGrant Stevenson\nHarry York\nThe following former Pontiacs have gone on to play for the Canada national women's ice hockey team:\nShannon Szabados\nSee also\n List of ice hockey teams in Alberta\nExternal links\nBonnyville Pontiacs website\nAlberta Junior Hockey League website\nAlberta Junior Hockey League teams\nIce hockey teams in Alberta\nIce hockey clubs established in 1991\n1991 establishments in Alberta"}] | |
4397957 | output_images/4397957.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Spuyten Duyvil Bridge is a railroad swing bridge that spans the Spuyten Duyvil Creek between Manhattan and the Bronx, in New York City. The bridge is located at the northern tip of Manhattan where the Spuyten Duyvil Creek meets the Hudson River, approximately to the west of the Henry Hudson Bridge.\nThe Spuyten Duyvil Bridge was built to carry two tracks but now carries only a single track on the eastern side of the span. It is part of the West Side Line, and is used by Amtrak trains traveling along the Empire Connection. The span is used by approximately 30 trains a day and is opened over 1,000 times per year, primarily during the summer months for Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises and recreational vessels.\nHistory\nA wooden railroad drawbridge across the Spuyten Duyvil was first constructed by the New York & Hudson River Railroad in 1849. The railroad continued southward along the West Side Line to St. John's Park Terminal in Lower Manhattan and carried both freight and passenger service. The Hudson River Railroad merged with the New York & Harlem Railroad in 1869, creating the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, and most trains started bypassing the bridge, instead going to Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan. An iron bridge replaced the wooden span by 1895.\nThe current steel bridge was designed by Robert Giles and constructed in 1900. The piers rest on pile foundations in the riverbed. The bridge consists of three fixed sections as well as a swing section, which could swivel nearly 65 degrees and leave a of clearance on each side. The swing span weighed 200 tons and had enough space to fit two tracks.\nBy 1935, there were 70 trains a day using the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge, but after World War II, usage declined. In 1963, the steam motor that powered the swing span was replaced with an electric motor. The bridge was slightly damaged three years later, when the swing span was struck by a boat, leaving it stuck in the open position for two weeks. Trains stopped running across the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge in 1982 and the following year the bridge was damaged by a vessel and was left unable to close.\nThe bridge was rehabilitated in the late 1980s. Amtrak's Empire Service began using the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge on April 7, 1991, following the completion of the Empire Connection. This involved the conversion of the abandoned West Side Line to accommodate passenger service and connect with Pennsylvania Station. Until then, Amtrak trains traveling between New York and Albany had utilized Grand Central Terminal.\nIn June 2018, Amtrak used the Left Coast Lifter, one of the world's largest floating cranes, to lift the of the bridge's spans and move them to a barge in order to make fixes to electrical and mechanical components necessitated by damage due to Hurricane Sandy and years of malfunctions and corrosion. During the repairs, trains which had originated in Penn Station and used the bridge originated instead from Grand Central Terminal, bypassing the bridge. The trains returned to their regular routing to Penn Station on September 4.\nIncidents\nOn the evening of February 16, 2004, an 80-year-old woman mistakenly drove her car onto the bridge from the Bronx side of the river and was hit by a Penn Station-bound Amtrak train. The passenger train carried the automobile for a distance of along the tracks. She survived with only minor injuries.\nDuring the early morning hours of October 24, 2010, a fire broke out on the bridge, suspending train service until later that evening."}] | |
4397960 | output_images/4397960.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Yohannes Christian \"Chris\" John (born 14 September 1979) is an Indonesian former professional boxer who competed from 1998 to 2013. He held the WBA (Super) featherweight title from 2004 to 2013, with his near decade-long reign being the second longest in the division's history (after Johnny Kilbane). During his reign, John defended the title against 16 boxers, the second most in featherweight history (after Eusebio Pedroza).\nChris \"The Dragon\" John is the fourth Indonesian boxer to win a world title, following Ellyas Pical, Nico Thomas and Muhammad Rachman. In 2013, John announced his retirement from boxing, following his only career defeat to Simpiwe Vetyeka.\nEarly life\nChris John was born as Yohannes Christian John in Banjarnegara, on 14 September 1979. He is the second son of four siblings of Johan Tjahjadi (real name: Tjia Foek Sem) who is of Chinese descent and Maria Warsini. Boxing has been a part of John's life since his childhood. John's father was a former amateur boxer in Indonesia. He introduced boxing to his sons, John and his younger brother Adrian, at an early age of 5. John's Father inspired him by regaling with stories of hard fought battles and triumphant victories. Given the choice to fight or pursue other sports, John chose boxing and became an amateur champion in Banjarnegara.\nIn 1997, Chris caught the attention of renowned boxing trainer, Sutan Rambing. Sutan recruited John into his gym and relocated John to Semarang, a city in Central Java. Sutan served as John's trainer till 2004 and soon after parted ways when John won his first major world title.\nProfessional career\nJohn turned professional in 1997 and was known as \"Thin Man\" before he proclaimed his new nickname \"The Dragon\" that he now uses. In his first professional fight, John won by knockout, beating a local fighter Word Kanda. In his 6th bout, the reputation of Chris John rose when he knocked out the national featherweight Champion in a 12 rounds bout, Muhammad Afaridzi. John was knocked down twice in round one, but he managed to reverse the situation by knocking Alfaridzi in round 12.\nAccording to Chris John, his nose was bleeding profusely resulting from a broken nose that occurred in the 1st round."}] | |
4397963 | output_images/4397963.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Negeri Sembilan State Mosque is Negeri Sembilan's state mosque. It is located at Jalan Datuk Hamzah near the lake gardens in Seremban, Malaysia.\nHistory\nThe mosque was constructed between 1965 and 1967. This mosque was officially opened on 24 November 1967 by the late Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan, Almarhum Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman.\nArchitecture\nThe mosque exhibits a blend of Modernist and traditional Minangkabau elements in its architectural design, of which it was credited to Malayan Architects Co-Partnership, led by Chen Voon Fee, Lim Chong Keat, and William SW Lim. It was later taken over by Dato’ Ar. Dr Hj. Baharuddin Abu Kassim, who joined Jurubena Bertiga International Partnership in 1966. The nine pillars surrounding the mosque's circumference signifies the nine chiefdoms or luaks that formed the original confederacy (see Negeri Sembilan#History ).\nSee also\n Islam in Malaysia\nMosques in Negeri Sembilan\nBuildings and structures in Seremban\nMosques completed in 1967\n1967 establishments in Malaysia"}] | |
4397993 | output_images/4397993.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "In electronics, a decoupling capacitor is a capacitor used to decouple (i.e. prevent electrical energy from transferring to) one part of a circuit from another. Noise caused by other circuit elements is shunted through the capacitor, reducing its effect on the rest of the circuit. For higher frequencies, an alternative name is bypass capacitor as it is used to bypass the power supply or other high-impedance component of a circuit.\nDiscussion\nActive devices of an electronic system (e.g. transistors, integrated circuits, vacuum tubes) are connected to their power supplies through conductors with finite resistance and inductance. If the current drawn by an active device changes, the voltage drop from the power supply to the device will also change due to these impedances. If several active devices share a common path to the power supply, changes in the current drawn by one element may produce voltage changes large enough to affect the operation of others – voltage spikes or ground bounce, for example – so the change of state of one device is coupled to others through the common impedance to the power supply. A decoupling capacitor provides a bypass path for transient currents, instead of flowing through the common impedance. <ref name=TTL75> Don Lancaster, TTL Cookbook', Howard W. Sams, 1975, no ISBN, pp.23-24 </ref>\nThe decoupling capacitor works as the device’s local energy storage. The capacitor is placed between the power line and the ground to the circuit the current is to be provided. According to the capacitor current–voltage relation\na voltage drop between power line and ground results in current draw out from the capacitor to the circuit. When capacitance is large enough, sufficient current is supplied to maintain an acceptable range of voltage drop. The capacitor stores a small amount of energy that can compensate for the voltage drop in the power supply conductors to the capacitor. To reduce undesired parasitic effective series inductance, small and large capacitors are often placed in parallel, adjacent to individual integrated circuits (see ). "}] | |
4397999 | output_images/4397999.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "\"Black Crow Blues\" is a song written by Bob Dylan, released on his 1964 album Another Side of Bob Dylan.\nUsually considered a minor work in Dylan's oeuvre, \"Black Crow Blues\" is the first song he released in which he plays the piano. In fact, that – with the harmonica – is the only accompaniment for his voice, as he is alone in the recording, like in most of his first four albums. This song is in the key of G major. Author Oliver Trager calls this song \"A funky little piano blues that Dylan plays in his wonderfully untutored style\". Black Crown Blues, argues Trager, is reminiscent of \"the lilting calypsos of Harry Belafonte and piano boogie-woogies of Meade \"Lux\" Lewis\".\nMichael Gray maintains thus:\n\"Black Crow Blues\" is itself terrific for the way that it tears into the blues structure with something so fresh, so invigoratingly off the wall, that it makes you laugh just to hear it. At the same time, and without sacrificing any of the hipness paraded by \"wasted and worn out\" of \"My wrist was empty / But my nerves were kickin' / Tickin' like a clock\", he nevertheless brings to it, particularly in the last verse, a special rural feel:\nBlack crows in the meadow\nAcross the broad highway.\nIt's funny, honey,\nI don't feel much like a\nScarecrow today\nso that in the end it is a strange sort of country blues.\nDylan has never performed \"Black Crow Blues\" live.\nReferences\nExternal links"}] | |
4398019 | output_images/4398019.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Alpha Horologii (α Horologii) is a solitary orange-hued giant star in the constellation Horologium. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.85. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 28.36 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located from the Sun. The star is moving away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +21.6 km/s.\nThe stellar classification of K2 III indicates this is an evolved giant star of the K class. This means it has consumed the hydrogen at its core and has migrated away from the main sequence, with its outer envelope cooling and expanding in the process. Alpha Horologii has an estimated 1.55 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 38 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,028 K. It has swollen to around 11 times the diameter of the Sun, having spent much of its life as a white main sequence star.\nReferences\nHorologium (constellation)\nK-type giants\nHorologii, Alpha\nDurchmusterung objects\n026967"}] | |
4398023 | output_images/4398023.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kaoru Shintani about a fictional United States corporation, led by the beautiful and spirited Cleopatra Corns.\nPlot\nCleopatra, or Cleo as she is known to her friends, would much rather go on vacation in some exotic locale than concern herself with the business end of the Corns Conglomerate, which is the most powerful economic player in the United States. However, Cleo has a kind and forgiving nature, and will not shy away if trouble is near. And more often than she cares for, Cleo and her friends find themselves in all sorts of fantastic adventures, from putting out oil well fires to safeguarding a powerful telepathic girl.\nCharacters\n Cleopatra Corns ()\n Swen ()\n Nacky ()\n Shorty ()\n Marianne ()\n Colonel Karts ()\n Mysterious Woman ()\n Sarah ()"}] | |
4398024 | output_images/4398024.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Atiku Abubakar (; born 25 November 1946) is a Nigerian politician and businessman who served as the vice president of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 during the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo. He ran as governor of Adamawa State in 1990, 1996, and in 1998, when he was finally elected before he became Obasanjo's running mate during the 1999 presidential election and was re-elected in 2003.\nAtiku Abubakar ran unsuccessfully for President of Nigeria six times, in 1993, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023. He ran in the Social Democratic Party presidential primaries in 1993, but lost to Moshood Abiola and Baba Gana Kingibe. He was a presidential candidate of the Action Congress in the 2007 presidential election coming in third to Umaru Yar'Adua of the PDP and Muhammadu Buhari of the ANPP. He contested the presidential primaries of the People's Democratic Party during the 2011 presidential election losing out to incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan. In 2014, he joined the All Progressives Congress ahead of the 2015 presidential election and contested the presidential primaries losing to Muhammadu Buhari. In 2017, he returned to the Peoples Democratic Party and was the party presidential candidate during the 2019 presidential election, again losing to incumbent President Muhammadu Buhari.\nIn May 2022, he was chosen as the Peoples Democratic Party presidential candidate again, this time for the 2023 general election after he defeated Nyesom Wike, the Governor of Rivers State, in the primaries. He came in second in the general election, being defeated by Bola Tinubu, though Abubakar joined other opposition candidates in demanding a revote.\nBackground\nFamily \nAtiku Abubakar was born on 25 November 1946 in Jada, a village which was then under the administration of the British Cameroons – the territory later joined with the Federation of Nigeria in the 1961 British Cameroons referendum. His father, Garba Abubakar was a Fulani trader and farmer, and his mother was Aisha Kande. He was named after his paternal grandfather Atiku Abdulqadir who hails from Wurno, Sokoto State and migrated to Kojoli village at Jada, Adamawa State, his maternal grandfather called Inuwa Dutse migrated to Jada, Adamawa State from Dutse, Jigawa State he became the only child of his parents when his only sister died at infancy. In 1957, his father died by drowning while crossing a river to Toungo, a neighbouring village to Jada.\nEducation \nHis father was opposed to the idea of Western education and tried to keep Atiku Abubakar out of the traditional school system. When the government discovered that Abubakar was not attending mandatory schooling, his father spent a few days in jail until Aisha Kande's mother paid the fine. At the age of eight, Abubakar enrolled in the Jada Primary School, Adamawa. After completing his primary school education in 1960, he was admitted into Adamawa Provincial Secondary School in the same year, alongside 59 other students. He graduated from secondary school in 1965 after he made grade three in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination.\nFollowing secondary school, Abubakar studied a short while at the Nigeria Police College in Kaduna. He left the College when he was unable to present an O-Level Mathematics result, and worked briefly as a Tax Officer in the Regional Ministry of Finance, from where he gained admission to the School of Hygiene in Kano in 1966. He graduated with a Diploma in 1967, having served as Interim Student Union President at the school. In 1967 he enrolled for a Law Diploma at the Ahmadu Bello University Institute of Administration, on a scholarship from the regional government. After graduation in 1969, during the Nigerian Civil War, he was employed by the Nigeria Customs Service.\nIn 2021, Abubakar successfully completed and passed his Master's degree in International Relations at Anglia Ruskin University.\nMarriages and personal life "}] | |
4398036 | output_images/4398036.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque or the Floating Mosque is the first real floating mosque in Malaysia. It is situated in Kuala Ibai Lagoon near the estuary of Kuala Ibai River, 4 km from Kuala Terengganu Town. Construction began in 1993 and finished in 1995. The mosque was officially opened in July 1995 by Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, the late Sultan of Terengganu. The mosque combines modern and Moorish architecture; incorporating the use of marble, ceramics, mosaic works and bomanite paving. The white structure of the mosque covers an area of roughly 5 acres and can accommodate up to 2000 attendees at a time.\nSee also \n List of mosques in Asia\n Kuala Terengganu\n Islamic Heritage Park\n Islam in Malaysia\nReferences\nMosques in Terengganu\n1995 establishments in Malaysia\nMosques completed in 1995\nMosque buildings with domes"}] | |
4398043 | output_images/4398043.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is an anime television series created by Masashi Ikeda and Sunrise, set around the students that attend a prestigious school.\nPlot\nAgate Fluorite is the new transfer student at the elite school, \"Cluster E.A.\", in which the sons of many prestigious families from different countries gather to study together. Soon after, Agate's unexpected antics and enthusiasm in life impress many of his schoolmates, including Beryl Jasper, an honor student who hates his family, but when it is discovered that Agate was involved in a fight, helping a known artificial soldier sympathizer Agate finds himself on the run and eventually without all of his memories intact. Unknown to Agate, he was born with a secret power that can create miracles. With his ability to create miracles not only is the military but the religious sect is after him.\nCharacters"}] | |
4398049 | output_images/4398049.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Abidin Mosque () is Terengganu's old state royal mosque built by Sultan Zainal Abidin II between 1793 and 1808. The mosque, which is also known as the White Mosque or the Big Mosque, is located in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The old Royal Mausoleum is situated near the mosque.\nHistory\nThis mosque was built by the late Sultan Zainal Abidin II (also known as Marhum Masjid) between 1793 until 1808. The original building material of the mosque was wood, but during the reign of Sultan Umar at around 1852, the mosque was replaced with one made out of bricks. In 1881, Sultan Ahmad II ibni Yang Dipertua Muda Tengku Mahmud constructed a new dome to replace the old one erected under Sultan Zainal Abidin II. A ceremony was conducted at 7.00am, Saturday, 1 Jumada al-Thani 1298AH (1881AD). In 1901 during the reign of Sultan Zainal Abidin III, the mosque went through another renovation. The mosque was enlarged to accommodate the growing number of people. Besides that, circular stone pillars were also erected, while three minarets were built.\nThe mosque is again renovated during the reign of Al-Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah in 1972. The size of the mosque was now twice the size of the original building. A tall minaret and new domes were constructed. Decorations such as several calligraphic carvings of verses from the Quran, prayers and arabesques were carved on the mosque’s entrance doors and grills. The current uniquely carved mimbar was crafted by Mister Abdul Kadir.\nTerengganu Royal Mausoleum\nAmong members of the royal family who have been buried here are:\nSultan graves\nSultan Mansur Riayat Shah I ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah I (died: 1811)\nSultan Zainal Abidin Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Mansur Riayat Shah I (died: 1811)\nSultan Dzhaudd Riayat Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Muazzam Shah I (died: 1836)"}] | |
4398072 | output_images/4398072.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Elisha Everett Lott (February 24, 1820 – January 17, 1864) was an American politician who served as a member of the Texas Senate from 1853 to 1861. He is remembered primarily for his vigorous opposition to the Cherokee Land Bill of 1844.\nEarly years\nLott was born in Mississippi on February 24, 1820, the son of John Lott.\nCareer\nIn 1842, Lott was elected as a representative in the Eighth Texas Congress, replacing Isaac Van Zandt.\nIn addition to his opposition to the Cherokee Land Bill of 1844, Lott is known for serving on the official 1846 commission that laid out the boundaries of Smith County, Texas and selected the city of Tyler as the county seat. For this reason, he is sometimes called the founder of Smith County. He represented Smith County in the Texas House of Representatives from 1847 until 1853 and in the Texas Senate from 1857 until 1861. His constituents asked that he run for governor of Texas in 1857, but he declined.\nLott was also Tyler's first postmaster, a position he held from 1847 until 1850. He served as a delegate to the national Democratic convention at Baltimore in 1852. Lott resigned from the Legislature in 1861 to serve as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate States Army.\nPersonal life \nAt the age of 20, he married Mary E. Lott and the couple moved to Harrison County, Texas. After the death of his first wife, he married Anna Cook in 1856. \nHis health failed due to overexertion on the battlefront, and he died on January 17, 1864, at his home in Starrville, north of Tyler, and was buried there. His wife Anna and their five children survived him. He was a Mason and a Methodist.\nSources\n East Texas Genealogical Society\n1820 births\n1864 deaths\nTexas state senators\nMembers of the Texas House of Representatives\n19th-century American politicians"}] | |
4398074 | output_images/4398074.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Pontiac Grand Safari was Pontiac's top-of-the-line full-size station wagon offered from 1971 to 1978. The Grand Safari used the grille and interior trim of the Bonneville and Grand Ville passenger car series, and most (but not all) examples were trimmed with woodgrain paneling on the sides and tailgate.\nFirst generation (1971–1976) \nFor 1971, the Pontiac Grand Safari was introduced as the top-trim Pontiac station wagon, sharing trim with the newly introduced Grand Ville sedan. Slotted above the Bonneville Safari, the Grand Safari was a counterpart to the Buick Estate and the Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser. Though officially designated as B-body cars by GM (in line with the Chevrolet Impala/Caprice station wagons), the Grand Safari and its Buick/Oldsmobile counterparts shared a 127-inch wheelbase with \"senior\" C-body sedans. In contrast to other B-body sedans, B-body station wagons were fitted with multi-leaf rear springs (instead of coil springs). \nThe 1971-1976 Grand Safari station wagons are among the largest Pontiac vehicles ever built, with a 127-inch wheelbase and 231.3-inch length. At a curb weight of approximately 5300 pounds, a three-row version is also the heaviest vehicle ever produced by the brand. \nA 400 cubic-inch V8 was a standard engine, with a 455 cubic-inch V8 offered as an option.\nClamshell tailgate "}] | |
4398082 | output_images/4398082.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Kapitan Keling Mosque (, ) is a mosque built in the 19th century by Indian Muslim traders in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. It is situated on the corner of Buckingham Street (Lebuh Buckingham) and Pitt Street (Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling). Being a prominent Islamic historic centre, it is part of the World Heritage Site of George Town and lies at the centre of the city's Tamil Muslim neighbourhood, the chulias. It is the first permanent Muslim institution to have been established in the area, dating from the early 1800s. Cauder Mohuddeen Merican is known as the founder of the mosque and leader of the Chulias. In 1801 Sir George Leith, who was then Lieutenant Governor of Penang, appointed a prominent Indian Muslim leader, Cauder Mohudeen, as Captain of the South Indian “Keling” community. He granted a piece of land to build a mosque on the south side of Malabar Street (Chulia Street). Cauder Mohudeen (born c. 1759) was a ship mandoor or foreman from Porto Novo, which the Tamils called Paringgipettai and the Muslims Mahmudbandar, about 50 kilometres south of Pondicherry in India. He was referred to as 'Kapitan Kling'.\n\"Keling\" is a Malay term for people of Indian origin, nowadays considered offensive but not so considered at the time when the mosque was built. The \"Kapitan \" was a representative of the Indian community, like the \"Kapitan Cina\" for the Chinese community.\nAnother renovation in 1930 gave the Kapitan Keling Mosque its present appearance after the previous design was deemed impractical. In keeping with tradition, the mosque was not rebuilt, but only enlarged. Among the major work during this period included doubling the height of the central prayer hall, improvement to the ventilation system, and allowing more natural light to enter. The exterior is ochre yellowed while the interior had white marble floors and a high ceiling. The interior aisles are formed by a series of horseshoe arches, crowned with King Edward's plaques. The façade of the building and its interior were decorated with geometric designs, as human and animal forms are forbidden in Islam.\nSee also\n Islam in Malaysia\nReferences\nExternal links\n Penang Sentral Global Website\nMosques in Penang\nMosques completed in 1801\nTourist attractions in George Town, Penang\nMosque buildings with domes"}] | |
4398085 | output_images/4398085.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is a Japanese TV drama and manga series created and illustrated by Mitsuteru Yokoyama, the creator of Tetsujin 28-go and Giant Robo. The TV drama tells the story of Comet, one of the princesses of the Triangle Nebula who came to Earth in search for the missing prince. The manga is first serialized in Shueisha's monthly Margaret magazine from July to November 1967, marking as one of Japan's first Magical girl series produced.\nPlot\nThe story revolves around Princess Comet, a twelve-year-old girl who is also the princess of the Harmonica Star country of the Triangle Nebula. She was meant to meet the prince of the Tambourine Star country at a ball, but the prince ran away to Earth instead. As it turned out, Comet is sent to Earth to find him, though she has no idea what he looks like. \"He will be known by the twinkling in his eyes\" is the only clue she was given to the prince's identity. Once she travels to Earth, Comet falls in love with the people she meets there as well as the planet itself, quickly becoming attached to life on Earth. Meanwhile, Princess Meteor learns of Comet's plans to find and marry the prince, so she arrives on Earth in search of the prince, planning to marry him before Comet gets the chance. Both princesses are sent to Earth along with a companion. Comet's companion is a little puppy with a star at the end of his tail named . Meteor's companion is a round, purple bird named .\nUnbeknownst to Comet, her Aunt Spica also lives on Earth and had visited Earth before, deciding to stay there and get married herself. Aunt Spica's pet is , a white rabbit with a tiny heart on her tail. The main plot is Comet's tale about her journey to Earth, the people she meets, and her journey to find the prince.\nThe series is set in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.\nCharacters \n Comet (voiced by Aki Maeda in the anime adaptation)\nMedia\nTV Drama"}] | |
4398098 | output_images/4398098.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGive me the exact text in this image"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Pontiac Custom S was a one-year only Pontiac nameplate offered during the 1969 model year car as a replacement for the \"Tempest Custom\" trim level in the Division's line-up. Originally to be called the \"Pontiac TC\", it was slotted between the Tempest and LeMans in price and features.\nOverview\nThe Custom S was available in six different body designs: two-door convertible, hardtop coupe, sports coupe, a 4-door sedan, a 4-door hardtop, and a station wagon. The sports coupe can be differentiated from the hardtop by the presence of a vent window in the front door. Interior and exterior appointments fell between the Tempest and the LeMans and GTO.\nThe Custom S came standard with Pontiac's unique overhead camshaft OHC-6 175 hp 250 in³ engine. Also available was a TQ OHC inline 6-cylinder with the \"Sprint\" package, a overhead valve pushrod V8 350 in³, and a version of the same engine with higher compression and a 4-barrel carburetor."}] | |
4398099 | output_images/4398099.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Chuck Berry Is on Top is the third studio album by rock and roll artist Chuck Berry, released in July 1959 on Chess Records, catalogue LP 1435. With the exception of one track, \"Blues for Hawaiians\", all selections had been previously released on 45 rpm singles, several of which were double-sided and charted twice. In his review of the album for AllMusic, Cub Koda described it as \"almost a mini-greatest-hits package in and of itself\" and the most perfectly realized collection of Berry's career. In 2008, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab reissued the album with St. Louis to Liverpool on an Ultradisc II Gold compact disc. In 2012, Hoodoo reissued the album with One Dozen Berrys on the same CD.\nTrack listing\nPersonnel\n Chuck Berry – vocals, guitars \n Johnnie Johnson, Lafayette Leake – piano\n Willie Dixon – double bass\n George Smith – bass\n Fred Below, Ebbie Hardy, Jaspar Thomas – drums\n Jerome Green – maracas\n The Moonglows – backing vocals\n Bob Bushnell – bass on \"Around and Around\"\nCharting history\nSingles - Billboard (United States)\nReferences\nExternal links \nChuck Berry compilation albums\n1959 compilation albums\nChess Records compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Leonard Chess"}] | |
4398124 | output_images/4398124.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is a Japanese manga series written by Kazuo Koike and illustrated by Ryoichi Ikegami. Crying Freeman follows a Japanese assassin hypnotized and trained by the Chinese mafia (called the \"108 Dragons\") to serve as its agent and covered in a vast and complex dragon tattoo. A quiet but complicated killer, Freeman reflexively sheds tears after every killing as a sign of regret.\nThe manga was originally serialized by Shogakukan in its magazine Big Comic Spirits from 1986 to 1988. It was first published in North America by Viz Media in comic book form. Viz later republished the series in graphic novel form in two versions: an initial set and longer volumes that combined the initial volumes together, dubbed \"Perfect Collections.\" From 2006 to 2007, the manga was republished by Dark Horse Comics in five volumes.\nThe story was adapted into an anime OVA by Toei Animation, released from 1988 to 1994. Crying Freeman has also been adapted into three live-action films: two 1990 Hong Kong films in Cantonese (Killer's Romance and The Dragon from Russia) and a 1995 French-Canadian production in English.\nPlot\nYō Hinomura, a Japanese potter, comes into the possession of some film showing an assassination by an agent of the 108 Dragons, a powerful Chinese mafia. Seeking its return, they kidnap him. Subjected to forced hypnosis, Yo is effectively brainwashed into acting as the 108 Dragons' principal assassin yet - cruelly - is permitted to remember his innocent past at the moment he kills, shedding a tear unconsciously each time that he does so. He is given the codename \"Crying Freeman\" as a result."}] | |
4398141 | output_images/4398141.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Kampong Kling Mosque (sometimes also spelt Kampong Keling Mosque; ; Jawi: مسجد كامڤوڠ كليڠ) is an old mosque in Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia. It is situated at Jalan Tukang Emas (Goldsmith Street), also known as \"Harmony Street\" because of its proximity to the Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple and Cheng Hoon Teng Temple.\nThe original structure built by Indian Muslim traders in 1748 was a wooden building and in 1872, it was rebuilt with bricks. The mosque is one of the traditional mosques in Malacca, which still retains its original design. The architectural design of the mosque is a cross between Sumatran, Chinese, Hindu, and the local Malays. The minaret (resembles a pagoda), ablution pool and entrance arch were built at the same time with the main building. The Kampung Kling Mosque is named based on a village which Indian traders dwell called Kampung Kling. \nThe mosque also has a blend of English and Portuguese glazed tiles, Ionic columns with symmetrical arches in the main prayer hall, a Victorian chandelier, a wooden pulpit with Hindu and Chinese-style carvings, and Moorish cast iron lamp-posts in the place of ablution for pre-prayer cleansing. The Department of Museums and Antiquities completed conservation works on the mosque in the 1990s.\nSee also\n Islam in Malaysia\n Keling, a currently derogatory term used in the naming of the mosque\nExternal links \n Kampung Kling Mosque (archnet.org)\nMosques in Malacca\n1748 establishments in Asia\nReligious buildings and structures completed in 1748\nMosques completed in 1872"}] | |
4398152 | output_images/4398152.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is an anime original video animation. The original Japanese version was released in 1989 by Anime International Company, and an English Language version in 1996, licensed by Central Park Media. It is about John Stalker who is a research pilot for the fictional Central Guard Company. John was born in the city of Cyber-wood, in an area known as the Cancer Slums. The antagonist of the story, Adler, plans to attack the citizens of the Cancer Slums.\nIn this Japanese animated science fiction adventure, cities of the future are plagued by violence, and the Central Guard Company is commissioned to find a solution to urban crime. One designer creates a Guard Suit with special psychic powers, while another develops a robotic killing machine that will not only eliminate the bad guys, but also get rid of his romantic rivals in the process. But when John Stalker is given the assignment of testing the Guard Suit, it uncovers a dark and dangerous secret he has kept hidden from the world.\nReferences"}] | |
4398163 | output_images/4398163.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Sultan Ahmad Shah Mosque () is Pahang's state mosque. It is located in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.\nHistory\nIt is named after the recorded Sultan Ahmad al-Mu’azzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali (23 May 1836 – 9 May 1914) who was the sixth Raja Bendahara of Pahang and the founder and first modern Sultan of Pahang that established Pahang's present regal family. On 28 August 1964 Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’azzam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah Al-Mu’tassim Billah Shah officially inaugurated the mosque.\nThe space-age design of old Sultan Ahmad 1 Mosque consisted of a big dome and a rocket like minaret, was built in 1962 to replace the old wooden one in Wall Street (now Mahkota Road). The mosque was an elaborate of fifty metres dome in diameter rests on the continuous concrete ring held by the curved concrete wall and columns. It was the most prominent of rare geodesic dome house of worship built across Pahang. Unfortunately due to faulty design, this space-age design mosque suffered from irreparable leaking during heavy rains. It was finally demolished in 1992 and a more Islamic looking State Mosque was built in its place with new four minarets, a large dome and smaller dome and retaining the same name.\nThis new building was constructed between 1991 and 1993 by DZJ Architect and Associates. The great grandson of Sultan Ahmad al-Mu’azzam Shah, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta’in Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mu’azzam Shah, accompanied by former Imam at The Great Mosque of Mecca; Syaikh Muhammad bin Abdullah as-Sabil, officially marked the grand reopening of the Sultan Ahmad 1 Mosque on Friday, 21 October 1994. Tuan Haji Mohd Rizzal Bin Mohd Ali Nafiah is the current Grand Imam of the Sultan Ahmad 1 State Mosque since February 2023 after former Grand Imam, Dato' Badli Shah Bin Alauddin become Vice Mufti of Pahang.\nSee also\n Islam in Malaysia\nReferences\nMosques in Pahang\nKuantan\nMosques completed in 1993\nMosque buildings with domes"}] | |
4398185 | output_images/4398185.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Kathryn Joy Reynolds (born 1962, now McPhee) is a former Australian politician. She was an Australian Democrats member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 2003 to 2006.\nPrior to 2003, Reynolds operated her own business On-Track Training, wrote two books (Just a Tick - A Best Practice Survival Guide for Committees and Boards of Management and Take Your Partner for the Corporate Tango) and taught community development at TAFE. Before entering politics she was instrumental in the establishment of the Torrens Valley Community Centre and was active on various local committees including the Adelaide Hills Tourism Association. From 1997 to 2003 she served on the Policy Council of SACOSS. She served a term as an elected member on the District Council of Mount Pleasant prior to its amalgamation with the Barossa Council. Reynolds was the Democrats candidate for the safe Liberal seat of Schubert at the 2002 state election, polling a credible 8.9% of the vote. She received a second opportunity a year later when she was selected by the party to fill a casual vacancy in the Legislative Council caused by the resignation from politics of then-Democrats leader Mike Elliott.\nDuring her time as a sitting member, Reynolds spoke out on a range of issues including the treatment of asylum seekers at the controversial Baxter Detention Centre in South Australia's outback, and campaigned for increased social housing for disadvantaged people and increased funds for child protection and for people with disabilities. She also campaigned for equal rights before the law for same sex couples and sought to have South Australia's once ground breaking Equal Opportunity law updated.\nReynolds was described by Greg Kelton, the senior political writer with Adelaide's only daily newspaper as having \"a finely tuned social conscience and has not been scared to tackle humanitarian issues such as refugees and asylum seekers\".\nThe popularity of the Democrats had dropped significantly by the time of the 2006 election, with the party having lost all four senators up for re-election at the federal election in 2004. The retirement of fellow Democrat MLC Ian Gilfillan saw Reynolds preselected in the top position of the Democrat ticket, but the party faced a major struggle to retain even one seat. The party's vote dropped from 7.3% to 1.8% on election day, and Reynolds lost her seat. The loss of both the party's seats up for re-election saw Sandra Kanck become the only remaining Democrat MLC in the Legislative Council.\nReynolds (McPhee) is an approved Community Visitor with the Community Visitor Scheme and is a Committee Member of the Unley Road Association Incorporated. Reynolds was variously Secretary and President of Desert Challenge Inc. from 2008 to 2018. From 2007 to 2009, Reynolds served as a board member of Arts Access SA Inc.\nShe now works as a freelance governance consultant for small not-for-profit organisations."}] | |
4398205 | output_images/4398205.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The Delaware Superior Court, previously known as the Superior Court and Orphans' Court, is the state trial court of general jurisdiction in the state of Delaware. It has original jurisdiction over most criminal and civil cases (except for suits at equity, which are handled by the Delaware Court of Chancery). It also serves as an intermediate appellate court, hearing appeals on the record from the Court of Common Pleas, Family Court, and most state administrative agencies. It is headed by Judge Jan R. Jurden.\nThe Superior Court includes a Complex Commercial Litigation Division (CCLD), which has been operating as a Business Court since 2010. The CCLD focuses on commercial disputes for money damages between businesses, complementing the Court of Chancery which focuses on internal business disputes.\nSee also\nCourts of Delaware\nReferences\nExternal links\nSuperior Court\nDelaware\nCourts and tribunals with year of establishment missing"}] | |
4398209 | output_images/4398209.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Daniel Sperber (Hebrew: דניאל שפרבר) (born 4 November 1940) is a British-born Israeli academic and centrist orthodox rabbi. He is a professor of Talmud at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, and an expert in classical philology, history of Jewish customs, Jewish art history, Jewish education, and Talmudic studies.\nBiography\nDaniel Sperber was born in Gwrych Castle, Wales. He studied for rabbinical ordination at Yeshivat Kol Torah in Israel, earned a doctorate from University College, London, in the departments of Ancient History and Hebrew Studies.\nHe is married to Phyllis (Hannah) Magnus, a couples therapist, originally of Highland Park, Illinois. They have ten children. One of their daughters, Abigail, is the founder of Bat Kol, an Israeli Jewish religious lesbian group.\nAcademic and rabbinical career\nHe is the Milan Roven professor of Talmud at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, where he is also the President of the Ludwig and Erica Jesselson Institute for Advanced Torah Studies. He also served as rabbi of Menachem Zion Synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem. In 2010, Sperber accepted an appointment as honorary Chancellor of the non-denominational Canadian Yeshiva & Rabbinical School in Toronto.\nSperber is the author of Minhagei Yisrael: Origins and History on the character and evolution of Jewish customs. He has written extensively on many issues regarding how Jewish law can evolve, and has evolved. This includes a call for a greater inclusion of women in certain ritual services, including ordination.\nHe is also a critic of how certain halachic rules have become too strict in recent years. Regarding kitniyot, he has said, \"The attitude in the last few decades has changed and become stricter, to the point of absurdity\", pointing out that non-kitniyot items have been added to the list, including \"cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and even hemp\".\nSperber explains his rationale for allowing a greater role for women in Orthodox practice: \"The first is that in the same way it is forbidden to permit that which is forbidden, it's also forbidden to forbid that which is permitted. The second is that it is not forbidden to permit that which is permitted, even if it wasn't practiced in the past, because halakha is dynamic, and when cultural circumstances change, one has to face up to these changes and accommodate them. The third principle is that if you can find a position of leniency, you should do so. So, when things are permitted, they should be encouraged.\"\nHe has received some criticism for not explaining the source of his personal authority to dislodge the views of prior voices in Jewish law, such as the Shulchan Aruch and the view of Maimonides, both of which are universally accepted in orthodox circles as the strongest, most authoritative halachic works.\nAwards and recognition\nIn 1992, Sperber won the Israel Prize, for Jewish studies.\nPublished work\nMaterial Culture in Eretz Israel during the Talmudic Period, Vol. 1, Bar-Ilan University Press, 1993.\nMinhagei Yisrael: Origins and History. Mossad Harav Kook, 1998–2007, 8 vol..\nMasekhet Derekh erets zuṭa u-Fereḳ ha-shalom (3rd Edition) [in Hebrew], 1994. \nMagic and Folklore in Rabbinic Literature, Bar-Ilan University Press, 1994. \n Great is Peace, Jerusalem, 1979. \nRoman Palestine 200-400: Money and Prices, Bar-Ilan University Press, 1974; second edition with supplement 1991 . \nNautica Talmudica, Bar-Ilan University Press and E.J. Brill, 1986. \nA Commentary on Derech Eretz Zuta Chapters 5-8, Bar-Ilan University Press, 1990. \n Essays on Greek and Latin in the Mishna, Talmud and midrashic 1982\n Nautica in Talmudic Palestine. Mediterranean History Review, vol. 15, 2001\n Paralysis in Contemporary Halakhah? Tradition 36:3 (Fall 2002), 1-13.\n Tarbut Homrit Be'eretz Yisrael Beyemai Hatalmud (Material Culture in Eretz-Israel during the Talmudic Period), Vol. 2, Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi & Bar Ilan University\n The Path of Halacha, Women Reading the Torah: A Case of Pesika Policy, Rubin Mass, Jerusalem, 2007 (Hebrew)\nThe Jewish Life Cycle: Custom, Lore and Iconography—Jewish Customs from the Cradle to the Grave (Oxford UP and Bar-Ilan UP, Aug. 2008)\n Why Jews Do What They Do: The History of Jewish Customs Throughout the Cycle of the Jewish Year by Daniel Sperber and Yaakov Elman, (KTAV, Jan 1999).\n Women and Men in Communal Prayer: Halakhic Perspectives by Rabbi Professor Daniel Sperber, Rabbi Mendel Shapiro, Professor Eliav Shochetman and Rabbi Dr. Shlomo Riskin, (KTAV, 10 Mar 2010).\nGreek in Talmudic Palestine, Bar-Ilan University Press, 2012.\nContributor to the Talmud El Am on Kiddushin.\nThe Paths of Daniel: Studies in Judaism and Jewish Culture in Honor of Rabbi Professor Daniel Sperber Edited By: Adam S. Ferziger, Bar-Ilan University Press, 2017.\nSee also \n List of Israel Prize recipients\nReferences\nExternal links\n Erica and Ludwig Jesselson Institute for Advanced Torah Studies\n Sherman Lectures, University of Manchester, 2004\n Sperber, D., \"Congregational Dignity and Human Dignity: Women and Public Torah Reading\" (pdf) Edah 3:2, 2002"}] | |
4398216 | output_images/4398216.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "From <image>, extract the text content"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Penglai () is a legendary land of Chinese mythology. It is known in Japanese mythology as Hōrai.\nLocation\nAccording to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the mountain is located at the eastern end of Bohai Sea. According to the pre-Qin mythology which retells the legend of Xu Fu presenting a memorial to the Qin Emperor in order to seek for the elixir of life, there are three godly mountains which are found in the Bohai sea where immortals reside; these mountains are Penglai, Fāngzhàng (), and Yíngzhōu (/). Other islands where immortals reside are called Dàiyú () and Yuánjiāo ().\nIn the Illustrated Account of the Embassy to Goryeo in the Xuanhe Era (; Xuanhe fengshi Gaoli tujing), written in 1124 by Xu Jing (徐兢), Mount Penglai is located on an inhabited island which is found within the boundaries of Changguo prefecture and can be reached \"after crossing thirty thousand leagues of the Weak Water\".\nVarious theories have been offered over the years as to the \"real\" location of these places, including Japan, Nam-Hae (), Geo-Je (), Jejudo () south of the Korean Peninsula, and Taiwan. Penglai, Shandong exists, but its claimed connection is as the site of departures for those leaving for the island rather than the island itself. In his work (lit. \"A Guide to Select Villages\"), Yi Chung-hwan, a Joseon-period geographer, associated Mount Penglai with Korea's Mount Kumgang.\nIn Chinese mythology\nIn a legend originating in the state of Qi during the pre-Qin period, immortals live in a palace called the Penglai Palace which is located on Mount Penglai. In Chinese mythology the mountain is often said to be the base for the Eight Immortals (or at least where they travel to have a ceremonial meal), as well as the illusionist Anqi Sheng. Supposedly, everything on the mountain appears pure white, while its palaces are made from gold and silver, and jewels grow on trees. There is no agony and no winter; there are rice bowls and wine glasses that never become empty no matter how much people eat or drink from them; and there are enchanted fruits growing in Penglai that can heal any ailment, grant eternal youth, and even resurrect the dead.\nHistorically, Qin Shi Huang, in search of the elixir of life, made several efforts to find the landmass where the mountain is located, to no benefit. Legends tell that Xu Fu, one servant sent to find the island, found Japan instead, and named Mount Fuji as Penglai.\nIn Japanese mythology\nFrom the medieval periods onwards, Mount Penglai was believed by some Japanese people to be located in Japan where Xu Fu and Yang Guifei arrived and eventually decided to stay there for the rest of their lives.\nThe presentation of Mt. Hōrai in Lafcadio Hearn's Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things differs from the earlier Chinese legend. This version rejects much of the fantastic and magical properties of Hōrai. In this version of the myth, Hōrai is not free from sorrow or death, and the winters are bitterly cold. Hearn's conception of Hōrai holds that there are no magical fruits that cure disease, grant eternal youth or raise the dead, and no rice bowls or wine glasses that never become empty; rather, Hearn's incarnation of the myth of Hōrai focuses more on the atmosphere of the place, which is said to be made up not of air but of \"quintillions of quintillions\" of souls. Breathing in these souls is said to grant one all of the perceptions and knowledge of these ancient souls. The Japanese version also holds that the people of Hōrai are small fairies who they have no knowledge of great evil, and therefore their hearts never grow old.\nIn the Kwaidan there is some indication that the Japanese hold such a place to be merely a fantasy. It is pointed out that \"Hōrai is also called Shinkiro, which signifies Mirage—the Vision of the Intangible\".\nSee also\nAvalon\nDilmun, paradise-island in the Epic of Gilgamesh\nLuggnagg, the island of the immortal struldbrugs in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels\nTír na nÓg\nShangri-La\nReferences\nLocations in Chinese mythology\nPenglai\nPenglai\nLocations in Japanese mythology\nMythical utopias\nAsia in mythology"}] | |
4398217 | output_images/4398217.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Frederic Remington: The Truth of Other Days is a 1991 documentary film of American Western artist Frederic Remington made for the PBS series American Masters. It was produced and directed by Tom Neff and written by Neff and Louise LeQuire. Actor Gregory Peck narrated the film and Ned Beatty was the voice of Remington when reading his correspondence.\nThe documentary was produced by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; NHK Corporation (Japan); and Polaris Entertainment, Nashville, Tennessee. It was the first documentary to be filmed in High Definition Television (HDTV), but at the time it was years away from high-definition television broadcasting.\nSynopsis\nThis documentary of Frederic Remington reviews how the artist popularized the myths, legends, and images of the \"Old West\".\nThe film was filmed on location where Remington spent time, uses archival film and photographs, and has interviews with art scholars that create a framework to understand his artwork.\nInterviews\n Gregory Peck as narrator\n Ned Beatty as voice of Frederic Remington"}] | |
4398221 | output_images/4398221.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Axel Rudi Pell (born 27 June 1960) is a German hard rock guitarist.\nCareer\nPell commenced his musical career with Steeler (1984–88) before leaving in 1988 for a solo career. During this time, he has played with such drummers as Jörg Michael and Mike Terrana, and singers Charlie Huhn, Johnny Gioeli of Hardline, Jeff Scott Soto, and Rob Rock. Gioeli remains the longest surviving vocalist of the band, having joined the group since 1998 on the album Oceans of Time, Gioeli's first musical appearance since the 1992 Hardline album Double Eclipse."}] | |
4398267 | output_images/4398267.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "is a side-scrolling beat 'em up video game developed and published by Sega, first released on the Sega Mega Drive in December 1991. It is the home console sequel to the popular game Golden Axe, marking the second game in the series, though the arcade did see a sequel of its own in 1992, titled Golden Axe: The Revenge of Death Adder. Golden Axe II was only released on the Mega Drive, while the original was released on many other platforms. The game later appeared in Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, as an iOS app on iTunes, and on the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack.\nPlot\nThe three playable characters from the first Golden Axe - Ax Battler, Tyris Flare and Gilius Thunderhead — return in Golden Axe II to save the people of the land from a new clan of evil warriors and their lord Dark Guld and reclaim from him the legendary Golden Axe. The game features a total of seven levels: six scrolling levels and a final end of game boss battle against Dark Guld."}] | |
4398290 | output_images/4398290.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The soundtrack to Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones was released by Sony Classical on April 23, 2002. The music was composed and conducted by John Williams, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and London Voices in January 2002, with orchestrations provided by Conrad Pope and Eddie Karam. Shawn Murphy recorded and mixed the score. Peter Myles and Kenneth Wannberg served as music editors. Williams himself produced the recording sessions.\nThe album had four alternate covers, each sold separately, that featured Anakin and Padme, Jango Fett, Yoda, and the theatrical poster art by Drew Struzan. For a limited time, the CD shipped with a bonus CD-ROM featuring a PC screensaver and a total of four alternative covers (each sold separately). A Target-exclusive edition featured the bonus track \"On the Conveyor Belt\". A remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on May 4, 2018.\nTrack listing\nFor the US release, early album prints titled track 2 as only \"Love Theme from Attack of the Clones\" on the album's back and insert. Later releases re-named the track to \"Across the Stars (Love Theme from Attack of the Clones)\". This was not the case for the international versions.\nThe bonus track, \"On the Conveyor Belt\", is not included on the 2018 release by Walt Disney Records.\nRecording Information"}] | |
4398303 | output_images/4398303.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "This article deals with Richard Stuart Walker, English angler. For other Richard Walkers, see: Richard Walker (disambiguation).\nRichard Stuart Walker (29 May 1918 – 2 August 1985) was an English angler.\nWalker was the first angler to apply scientific thought to angling and wrote many books on the sport. He also wrote for the angling press, most notably for the Angling Times, Trout & Salmon and Fly Dressers' Guild Newsletter. He held the record for a carp in the UK for 28 years with a fish of caught at Redmire pool in Herefordshire.\nBiography\nWalker was born at 32 Fishponds Road in Hitchin, Hertfordshire in 1918; he lived there until 1928. His father was a professional soldier and his mother an employee of the Post Office. He started fishing at an early age, being taught by his grandfather in Hertford. He was educated at the Friends' School in Saffron Walden and St Christopher School in Letchworth. He went to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, but his studies were interrupted by the Second World War, during which he worked for the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough.\nAfter the war he joined Lloyds and Co, manufacturers of high quality grass cutting machinery as technical director.\nHis inventions included the electronic bite alarm and the arlesey bomb weight, and he was instrumental in the development of the carbon-fibre fishing rod. Considered by many to be one of the best fishermen of the twentieth century, his books are now collector's items. One of his personally handmade Mark IV carp split cane rods is worth some thousands of pounds.\nHe lived by the River Ivel in Biggleswade from 1978 until his death in 1985 after a long battle with cancer. A biography by Professor Barrie Rickards was published in 2007.\nA blue plaque was unveiled on his birthplace in June 2011.\nWalker's record carp\nOn 13 September 1952, Walker landed the then record carp at Redmire Pool which weighed 44 lbs. After the fish's capture he decided to contact London Zoo to verify its weight. After collection the fish was transported to the zoo's aquarium and put on public display. Walker had named the carp Ravioli but the fish was renamed Clarissa. Walker's record held to 1980 when it was beaten by Chris Yates' 51 lb 8 oz fish\nThe current BRFC recognized record currently stands at 68 lb 1 oz held by Dean Fletcher caught in 2016\nFly fishing\nWalker was also an innovative fly angler fishing chalk streams, small stillwaters and reservoirs. With the opening of Grafham Water in 1966 Walker concentrated his efforts in addressing the new problems faced at what was at that time the largest man-made stillwater in England. As a result, he was instrumental in the design of many reservoir fly patterns including Walker's Midge Pupa, the Chomper, Longhorns, Mayfly Nymph, Red Sedge, Dambuster, Polystickle, Mrs Palmer, and Sweeney Todd. In August 1969 he began a series of regular monthly articles in Trout & Salmon on new fly patterns entitled Modern Fly Dressings which were subsequently collated into Fly Dressing Innovations and Dick Walker's Modern Fly Dressings. His later years, which were marred by ill health, were spent fishing smaller stillwaters.\nPublished works\n The Book of the Flemish Giant Rabbit, Idle (c1947) \nStillwater Angling, David & Charles (1953)\n Walker's Pitch, Angling Times/Allen & Unwin (1959)\n Kapitale Fische Reiche Beute (Walker's Pitch)\n How Fish Feed: Facts on how, when and where, Angling Times (1959)\n Rod Building for Amateurs, Angling Times (1963)\n Carp Fishing, Angling Times (1963)\n No Need to Lie, Angling Times/Allen & Unwin (1964)\n Fly Dressing Innovations, Ernest Benn (1974)\n Successful Angling, Stanley Paul & Co (1977)\n Pesca Deportiva (Successful Angling in Spanish)\n Dick Walker's Trout Fishing on Rivers and Stillwaters, Swan Hill Press (1977)\n The Shell Book of Angling (Editor), David & Charles (1979)\n Dick Walker's Modern Fly Dressings, Ernest Benn (1980)\n Dick Walker's Angling, Angling Times (1980)\n Catching Fish, David & Charles (1981)\n Dick Walker's Coarse Fishing, Patrick Stephens (1983)\n The Best of Dick Walker's Coarse Fishing, David & Charles (1988)"}] | |
4398317 | output_images/4398317.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Extract the exact text from this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Edward Walter Hayes (born November 3, 1947) is an American lawyer, journalist, and memoirist. He is known for his role in settling the estate of Andy Warhol and representing several organized crime figures. Tom Wolfe's character Tommy Killian in The Bonfire of the Vanities is based on Hayes. Hayes is often regularly featured on different radio stations, in both Ireland and the USA. Most recently, Hayes was portrayed as a character in the Broadway hit, Lucky Guy, starring Tom Hanks.\nEarly life\nHayes was born in New York City in the neighborhood of Sunnyside, Queens, and grew up for a period of time in Jackson Heights, Queens before his family finally settled in Smithtown, New York. In his memoir, Mouthpiece, Hayes recalls the regular beatings he received from his alcoholic father as well as other children in the neighborhood. He also recalls watching his father beat his mother and attempting to intervene. Hayes has two younger siblings, one sister and one brother. He and his brother both attended the University of Virginia where they were members of the fraternity Sigma Phi Epsilon. Both Hayes and his brother received B.A. degrees and went on to receive J.D. degrees from Columbia Law School together. Hayes supported himself through college first as a bartender, and later as a law clerk. At Columbia, Hayes met former New York governor George Pataki, with whom he formed a close friendship.\nLegal practice\nHayes became a licensed attorney in New York in 1973 and worked as an Assistant District Attorney in the homicide unit in the Bronx before opening a private practice.\nIn the matter of the Warhol estate, Hayes was hired by the artist's foundation for a fee proportional to the value of the estate. His appraisers valued the estate at nearly $700 million, in contrast to the $100 million figure that Christie's auction house had given the foundation. The Court found the estate was worth $500 million. The Foundation is required to give away 5% of the value of its assets, so this decision was important to the public, as well as to Hayes. After several rounds of litigation between Hayes and the Foundation, an Appellate Court ruled he had been overpaid, violated his fiduciary duties to the Estate and owed them over a million dollars. On August 23, 1996, Hayes filed for bankruptcy according to the Second Circuit's opinion in the case. Hayes filed a complaint against the Appellate Judge who ruled against him, Justice Francis Murphy, on the grounds that Murphy had a relationship with the lawyer for the Foundation that he should have disclosed. Murphy resigned rather than answering the complaint.\nIn the 2000s, Hayes collaborated with Bruce Cutler, best known as John Gotti's former attorney, in defending a pair of New York police officers accused of organized crime related murders. At this time, Hayes also represented Daniel Libeskind, the master plan architect for the reconstruction of the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan.\nPop culture\nTom Wolfe met Hayes socially and they became close friends. In addition to dedicating his 1987 novel The Bonfire of the Vanities to Hayes, Wolfe has acknowledged that he based the lawyer character Tommy Killian on him.\nAndy Warhol had met the lawyer briefly in the fall of 1980 and wrote in his diary: Defense lawyer named Ed Hayes who looked like he was from Laverne and Shirley, like a plant that people invite to parties to wear funny clothes and jump around and make things ‘kooky.’ Sort of forties clothes, really crew cut, about twenty-nine. He said, ‘I can get ya outta anything.’\nIn the 1990 American film classic Goodfellas, Hayes played Robert De Niro's attorney. Hayes also represented De Niro off screen.\nHayes's phrase, \"I can get ya outta anything,\" is widely used among the many news reporters and journalists that Hayes represents. Hayes's representation of famed tabloid columnist Mike McAlary was depicted in the 2013 Broadway hit, Lucky Guy, starring Tom Hanks."}] | |
4398337 | output_images/4398337.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Convert this <image> to text"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "Cassim Chilumpha (born 29 November 1959) is a Malawian politician who was Vice-President of Malawi from June 2004 to May 2009. Later, under President Joyce Banda, he was appointed as Minister of Energy and Mining in April 2012.\nEarly life\nChilumpha was born in Chiutula Village about 8 Kilometers from Nkhotakota City in the area of Chief Malengachanzi in Central Malawi.\nEducation\nChipumpha was educated at primary schools within the Chisoti and Nkhotakota LEA schools and subsequently completed secondary education at Nkhata Bay Secondary School where he passed School Certificate Examinations. He then went on to pursue a degree in Law (LL.B) at Chancellor College, University of Malawi. Upon graduation, Chilumpha worked for a year in the Ministry of Justice for the Malawi government before winning a scholarship to study for a Master's and PhD programme in law at the University of Hull in the United Kingdom. Later, he returned to University of Malawi as a lecturer.\nCareer\nChilumpha is currently one of only five Senior Counsel in Malawi, a standard used to denote excellence in legal advocacy, comparable to King's Counsel in the United Kingdom. At the Polytechnic of the University of Malawi, he rose to the ranks of Head of Business Administration, Dean of Faculty of Commerce, and Associate Professor of Commercial Law. He entered the political arena in the 1980s. He was Minister of Defence, Education, and Justice and Attorney General in the last administration. He is also Minister responsible for water. A member of the United Democratic Front (UDF), he served as a Minister in the administration of President Bakili Muluzi from March 1994 to 2000, then from 2003 to 2004, and again from 2004 to 2006 under President Bingu wa Mutharika. He has served as Minister for the following (in this order): Defence, Education, Justice, Finance, Education, Statutory Corporations and Water. He was the minister of finance from 1997 to 2000. As part of the UDF ticket, he was Mutharika's running mate in the May 2004 presidential election and accordingly became Vice-President on 16 June 2004.\nOn 9 February 2006, President Mutharika sacked Chilumpha from his post as Vice-President, accusing him of attempting to run a parallel government and claiming that he had attacked the government and seriously undermined its integrity. On 10 February, however, a high court granted an injunction to prevent Chilumpha's dismissal until the Constitutional Court could decide on whether parliamentary approval was necessary for the vice-president to be dismissed.\nChilumpha was arrested at his home on 28 April 2006 for alleged treason and was transferred to custody in the capital, Lilongwe. Chilumpha was accused of conspiring with Yusuf Matumula and Rashid Nembo to have Mutharika assassinated. Chilumpha's lawyer said that he was seeking bail for his client, and the UDF described the arrest as political persecution."}] | |
4398347 | output_images/4398347.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "OCR this document <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "The American pygmy kingfisher (Chloroceryle aenea) is a species of \"water kingfisher\" in subfamily Cerylinae of family Alcedinidae. It is found in the American tropics from southern Mexico south through Central America into every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay. It also occurs on Trinidad.\nTaxonomy and systematics\nThe first formal description of the American pygmy kingfisher was by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 under the binomial name Alcedo aenea. The specific epithet aenea is from the Latin aeneus meaning \"of a bronze colour\". The current genus Chloroceryle was erected by Johann Jakob Kaup in 1848.\nA molecular phylogenetic study published in 2006 found that the American pygmy kingfisher was a sister species to a clade containing the green-and-rufous kingfisher (C. inda) and the green kingfisher (C. americana).\nTwo subspecies are currently recognized, the nominate C. a. aenea (Pallas, 1764) and C. a. stictoptera (Ridgway, 1884).\nDescription"}] | |
4398349 | output_images/4398349.png | [{"from": "human", "value": "Read the text in this image <image>"}, {"from": "gpt", "value": "South Dakota Public Universities and Research Center, also known as University Center, is a cooperative higher education delivery system in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Six universities offer classes at this site: University of South Dakota, Dakota State University, South Dakota State University, Black Hills State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, and Northern State University. The site, until recently known as \"USDSU,\" has become popular with non-traditional students living in or around Sioux Falls.\nIn 2006, the South Dakota Board of Regents received authorization to obtain a large area in Sioux Falls to construct a new campus for its Sioux Falls offerings.\nUniversity Center will become a college of the University of South Dakota named \"The Community College for Sioux Falls, a branch of USD\", a change approved by the Board of Regents in April 2019.\nReferences"}] |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 240