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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Contra_Costa_County', 'title': 'California Historical Landmarks in Contra Costa County', 'header': ['', 'Landmark name', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '512', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alvarado Adobe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Pablo Blvd . & Church Ln', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Pablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Pablo,_California', 'summary': 'San Pablo ( /ˈpæbloʊ/ , /ˈpɑːbloʊ/ ) is a city in Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city of Richmond surrounds nearly the whole city . The population was 29,139 at the 2010 census . The current Mayor is Arturo Cruz . Currently , the City Council consists of Rich Kinney , Elizabeth Pabon-Alvarado , Rita Xavier and Abel Pineda .'}]}, {'value': '853', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Captain Pedro Fages Trail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Fages', 'summary': 'Pedro Fages ( 1734-1794 ; Catalan : Pere Fages i Beleta ) was a Spanish soldier , explorer , first Lieutenant Governor of the Californias under Gaspar de Portolá , and second ( 1770-74 ) and fifth ( 1782-91 ) Governor of Alta California .'}]}, {'value': '856 Danville Blvd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danville,_California', 'summary': "The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County , California . It is one of the incorporated municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city . The population was 42,039 at the 2010 census . Danville hosts a farmers ' market each Saturday next to the Museum of the San Ramon Valley , located in the historic Southern Pacific Railroad Train Depot . The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville . It was first a railroad that has been converted to an 80-foot ( 24 m ) wide [ citation needed ] corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections . Extending from Livermore to Concord , the trail passes through Danville ."}]}, {'value': '356', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castro Home', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9800 San Pablo Ave', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Cerrito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California', 'summary': 'El Cerrito is a city in Contra Costa County , California , United States , and forms part of the San Francisco Bay Area . It has a population of 23,549 according to the 2010 census . El Cerrito was founded by refugees from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . It was incorporated in 1917 as a village with 1,500 residents . As of the census in 2000 , there were 23,171 people , 10,208 households and 5,971 families in the city . The top 20 employers in the city , according to the 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , include such entities as the West Contra Costa Unified School District , the City of El Cerrito , Lucky Stores , Pastime ACE Hardware , and Honda of El Cerrito .'}]}, {'value': '455', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Fernando_Pacheco_Adobe', 'summary': "The Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe is located at 3119 Grant Street in Concord , California.The Fernando Pacheco Adobe is the only Concord landmark listed in all three Historical Registries : entry on the National Register occurred on June 6 , 1980 ; the California Registered landmark number is 455 ; and the Concord Historical Landmark designation is 1-26-26/5458 . The Adobe was built by Don Fernando in the early 1850s as the base of operations for his growing ranch activities , and as his family 's formal residence . Fernando was the oldest son of Don Salvio Pacheco . He was born on May 30 , 1818 while his father was assigned to a Militia-Guard unit at the Pueblo of San Jose . At age 17 , he was sent to take possession and mark the boundaries of his father 's 17,921 acre land grant . Fernando was given 1,500 acres as initial share of the rancho . He subsequently married Pasquala ( Figeroa ) ( Juarez ) - a widow . Their six children : Pedro , Bonifacio , Cipriana , Maria Asuncion ( who married Jose Julian Cantua ) , Librada and Bersabe were raised at the Adobe . Don Fernando 's family enjoyed a reputation as gracious hosts . They were famous for their generosity and extensive fiestas on Adobe 's then lush , well irrigated grounds . The Adobe 's 32 thick walls were built of local adobe - mud . Ownership remained with Don Fernando 's descendants until 1918 ."}]}, {'value': '3119 Grant St. 37°59′46″N 122°02′33″W / 37.996111°N 122.0425°W / 37.996111 ; -122.0425 ( Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concord,_California', 'summary': 'Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ KON-kerd ) is the largest city in Contra Costa County , California . At the 2010 census , the city had a population of 122,067 making it the 8th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area . Founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco , the name was changed to Concord within months . The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area , and is 29 miles ( 47 kilometres ) east of San Francisco .'}]}, {'value': '515', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Salvio_Pacheco_Adobe', 'summary': 'The Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe is a historic adobe house in Concord , California . In 1834 , Salvio Pacheco was awarded the Rancho Monte del Diablo Mexican land grant , including what is now known as Concord and parts of Pleasant Hill . On June 24 , 1835 , he completed this two-story adobe , the first building to be erected in Diablo Valley . Pacheco gave the land surrounding this adobe to the refugees of the earthquake-flood of 1868 , and the community - previously known as Todos Santos - became known as Concord .'}]}, {'value': '1870 Adobe St. 37°58′35″N 122°02′16″W / 37.9765°N 122.0379°W / 37.9765 ; -122.0379 ( Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concord,_California', 'summary': 'Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ KON-kerd ) is the largest city in Contra Costa County , California . At the 2010 census , the city had a population of 122,067 making it the 8th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area . Founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco , the name was changed to Concord within months . The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area , and is 29 miles ( 47 kilometres ) east of San Francisco .'}]}, {'value': '951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Brother Light Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Brother_Island_Light', 'summary': 'East Brother Island Lighthouse is a lighthouse located on East Brother Island in San Rafael Bay , near the tip of Point San Pablo in Richmond , California . It marks the entrance to San Pablo Bay from San Francisco Bay .'}]}, {'value': 'Point San Pablo 37°57′48″N 122°26′00″W / 37.9633°N 122.4334°W / 37.9633 ; -122.4334 ( East Brother Light Station )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Point San Pablo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '312', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Muir home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Muir_National_Historic_Site', 'summary': 'The John Muir National Historic Site is located in the San Francisco Bay Area , in Martinez , Contra Costa County , California . It preserves the 14-room Italianate Victorian mansion where the naturalist and writer John Muir lived , as well as a nearby 325-acre ( 132 ha ) tract of native oak woodlands and grasslands historically owned by the Muir family . The main site is on the edge of town , in the shadow of State Route 4 , also known as the John Muir Parkway .'}]}, {'value': '4202 Alhambra Ave. 37°59′29″N 122°08′00″W / 37.991311°N 122.133298°W / 37.991311 ; -122.133298 ( John Muir home )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martinez,_California', 'summary': 'Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County , California , in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census . The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops . Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area , directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo , California .'}]}, {'value': '905', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Diablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Diablo', 'summary': 'Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range , in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California . It is south of Clayton and northeast of Danville . It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet ( 1,173 meters ) , visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area . Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and has many subsidiary peaks , the largest and closest of which is the other half of the double pyramid , North Peak , nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet ( 1,084 m ) and about a mile northeast of the main summit .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Diablo State Park 37°52′54″N 121°54′51″W / 37.881698°N 121.914155°W / 37.881698 ; -121.914155 ( Mount Diablo )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Diablo_State_Park', 'summary': 'Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range , in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California . It is south of Clayton and northeast of Danville . It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet ( 1,173 meters ) , visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area . Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and has many subsidiary peaks , the largest and closest of which is the other half of the double pyramid , North Peak , nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet ( 1,084 m ) and about a mile northeast of the main summit .'}]}, {'value': 'Danville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danville,_California', 'summary': "The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County , California . It is one of the incorporated municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city . The population was 42,039 at the 2010 census . Danville hosts a farmers ' market each Saturday next to the Museum of the San Ramon Valley , located in the historic Southern Pacific Railroad Train Depot . The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville . It was first a railroad that has been converted to an 80-foot ( 24 m ) wide [ citation needed ] corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections . Extending from Livermore to Concord , the trail passes through Danville ."}]}, {'value': '932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Diablo coal field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Diamond_Mines_Regional_Preserve', 'summary': 'The Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve is a 6,000-acre ( 2,400 ha ) park located north of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County , California under the administration of the East Bay Regional Park District ( EBRPD ) . The district acquired the property in 1973 . The preserve contains relics of 3 mining towns , former coal and sand mines , and offers guided tours of a former sand mine . The 60 miles ( 97 km ) of trails in the Preserve cross rolling foothill terrain covered with grassland , California oak woodland , California mixed evergreen forest , and chaparral .'}]}, {'value': 'Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve 37°57′01″N 121°51′25″W / 37.950278°N 121.856944°W / 37.950278 ; -121.856944 ( Mount Diablo coal field )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Diamond_Mines_Regional_Preserve', 'summary': 'The Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve is a 6,000-acre ( 2,400 ha ) park located north of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County , California under the administration of the East Bay Regional Park District ( EBRPD ) . The district acquired the property in 1973 . The preserve contains relics of 3 mining towns , former coal and sand mines , and offers guided tours of a former sand mine . The 60 miles ( 97 km ) of trails in the Preserve cross rolling foothill terrain covered with grassland , California oak woodland , California mixed evergreen forest , and chaparral .'}]}, {'value': 'Antioch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antioch,_California', 'summary': "Antioch ( formerly East Antioch , Smith 's Landing , and Marshs Landing ) is the second largest city in Contra Costa County , California , United States . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta . The city 's population was 102,372 at the 2010 census and estimated to be 111,535 in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '731', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Old Homestead', 'urls': []}, {'value': '993 Loring Ave 38°03′18″N 122°13′16″W / 38.054967°N 122.22115°W / 38.054967 ; -122.22115 ( The Old Homestead )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crockett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crockett,_California', 'summary': 'Crockett ( formerly , Crockettville ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Contra Costa County , in the East Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area , California , United States . The population was 3,094 at the 2010 census . It is located 28 miles northeast of San Francisco . Other nearby communities include : Port Costa , Martinez , Vallejo , Benicia , Rodeo , Hercules , Pinole and Richmond .'}]}, {'value': '1032', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond Shipyards District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Shipyards', 'summary': 'The four Richmond Shipyards , located in the city of Richmond , California , United States , were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards . During World War II , Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard , turning out as many as three ships in a single day . The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park , whose the Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard # 2 . Shipyard # 3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 37°54′22″N 122°21′53″W / 37.906194°N 122.364664°W / 37.906194 ; -122.364664 ( Richmond Shipyards District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_California', 'summary': "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city ."}]}, {'value': '1002-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Site of Giant Powder Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giant_Powder_Company', 'summary': 'The Giant Powder Company was an explosives manufacturing company which operated from the mid 19th century through the first half of the 20th century , located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California . The Giant Powder Company was the first company in the United States to produce dynamite under an exclusive license from Alfred Nobel .'}]}, {'value': 'Point Pinole Regional Shoreline 37°59′32″N 122°21′19″W / 37.99226°N 122.35518°W / 37.99226 ; -122.35518 ( Site of Giant Powder Company )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_Pinole_Regional_Shoreline', 'summary': 'Point Pinole Regional Shoreline is a regional park on the shores of the San Pablo Bay , California ( the northern arm of the San Francisco Bay ) , in the United States . It is approximately 2,315 acres ( 9.37 km2 ) in area , and is operated by the East Bay Regional Park District . It includes the Dotson Family Marsh ( formerly Breuner Marsh ) and the Point Pinole Lagoon and hosts the North Richmond Shoreline Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_California', 'summary': "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city ."}]}, {'value': '722', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Site of the murder of Dr. John Marsh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Marsh_(pioneer)', 'summary': 'John Marsh ( June 5 , 1799 in South Danvers , Massachusetts - September 24 , 1856 in Pacheco , California ) . He was an early pioneer and settler in Alta California , the first Harvard graduate and the first to practice medicine there . He knew Hebrew , Latin and Greek , and was the first to compile a dictionary of the Sioux language . He became one of the wealthiest ranchers in California , and was one of the most influential men in the establishment of California statehood .'}]}, {'value': 'Across the street from 4575 Pacheco Blvd 38°00′19″N 122°05′15″W / 38.005317°N 122.087567°W / 38.005317 ; -122.087567 ( Site of the murder of Dr. John Marsh )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martinez,_California', 'summary': 'Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County , California , in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census . The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops . Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area , directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo , California .'}]}, {'value': '511', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vicente Martinez Adobe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alhambra Way & Hwy 4 37°59′32″N 122°07′51″W / 37.9921°N 122.130917°W / 37.9921 ; -122.130917 ( Vicente Martinez Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martinez,_California', 'summary': 'Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County , California , in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census . The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops . Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area , directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo , California .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Contra_Costa_County,_California_0', 'intro': 'List table of the properties and districts - listed on the California Historical Landmarks - within Contra Costa County, Northern California.'}
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What is the population of the city that contains a site that was the first company to receive a license to manufacture dynamite ?
103,710
fe927e87d3f0cbca
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SJFA_West_Region_Premiership', 'title': 'SJFA West Region Premiership', 'header': ['Club', 'Location', 'Home Ground', 'Finishing position 2018-19'], 'data': [{'value': 'Auchinleck Talbot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auchinleck_Talbot_F.C.', 'summary': 'Auchinleck Talbot Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Auchinleck , near Kilmarnock , Ayrshire . Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association , they currently compete in the SJFA West Region Premiership . The club have won the Scottish Junior Cup on a record 13 occasions . They play in a local derby against near neighbours and biggest rivals Cumnock Juniors .'}]}, {'value': 'Auchinleck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auchinleck', 'summary': 'Auchinleck ( /ˌɒxɪnˈlɛk/ OKH-in-LEK ; Scots : Affleck IPA : [ ˈaflɛk ] ; Scottish Gaelic : Achadh nan Leac ) is a village 5 miles ( 8 km ) southeast of Mauchline , and 2 miles ( 3 km ) northwest of Cumnock in East Ayrshire , Scotland . Surrounding the village is Auchinleck Estate , centred on Auchinleck House , past home of the lawyer , diarist and biographer James Boswell , 9th Laird of Auchinleck .'}]}, {'value': 'Beechwood Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beith Juniors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beith_Juniors_F.C.', 'summary': 'Beith Juniors Football Club are a Scottish football club from the town of Beith , North Ayrshire . Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association , they compete in the SJFA West Region Premiership , having been promoted as runners-up in the First Division in 2013-14 , and play at Bellsdale Park . Their main rival is Kilbirnie Ladeside .'}]}, {'value': 'Beith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beith', 'summary': "Beith is a small town situated in the Garnock Valley , North Ayrshire , Scotland approximately 20 miles ( 30 kilometres ) south-west of Glasgow . The town is situated on the crest of a hill and was known originally as the Hill o ' Beith ( hill of the birches ) after its Court Hill ."}]}, {'value': 'Bellsdale Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bellsdale_Park', 'summary': 'Bellsdale Park is a football ground in Beith , Scotland . It was the home ground of Beith F.C . during their time in the Scottish Football League , and is currently the home ground of Beith Juniors .'}]}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benburb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benburb_F.C.', 'summary': "Benburb Football Club is a Scottish football club , based in Govan , Glasgow . Formed in 1885 , the club is a member of the Scottish Junior Football Association and currently competes in the SJFA West Premiership . Benburb 's colours are blue and white . The team have been managed since July 2015 by former Airdrie defender Paul Lovering . Paul succeeded his father Frank who had been in the job for the previous thirteen seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Govan , Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Govan', 'summary': "Govan ( /ˈɡʌvən/ GUV-ən ; Scottish Gaelic : Baile a ' Ghobhainn ) is a district , parish , and former burgh now part of south-west City of Glasgow , Scotland . It is situated 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Glasgow city centre , on the south bank of the River Clyde , opposite the mouth of the River Kelvin and the district of Partick . Historically it was part of the County of Lanark . According to medieval legend , Constantine , a seventh-century King of Strathclyde , founded a monastery under the rule of Columbanus in Govan . During the Middle Ages , Govan was the site of a ferry which linked the area with Partick for seasonal cattle drovers . In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , textile mills and coal mining were important ; in the early-nineteenth century , shipbuilding emerged as Govan 's principal industry . In 1864 , Govan gained burgh status , and was the fifth-largest burgh in Scotland . It was incorporated into the City of Glasgow in 1912 ."}]}, {'value': 'New Tinto Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd in Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SJFA_West_Region_Championship', 'summary': 'The SJFA West Region Championship ( known as the McBookie.com West Region Championship for sponsorship reasons ) is a Scottish semi-professional football competition run by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association and is the second tier of league competition for its member clubs . Formerly known as the West of Scotland Super League First Division , the league began in 2002 when top sides from the former Ayrshire and Central Regions agreed to form two combined Super League divisions above the regional competitions . Originally comprising twelve clubs , it was expanded to fourteen after two years as promotion/relegation places were increased . West Region clubs voted in 2017 to organise all leagues on a regionwide basis and as a result , the second tier Super League First Division was rebranded as the Championship from 2018 onwards and now consists of sixteen clubs . Clubs are promoted to a rebranded Premiership and relegated to a regionwide League One instead of the previous Central and Ayrshire district divisions .'}]}, {'value': 'Clydebank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clydebank_F.C.', 'summary': "Clydebank Football Club is a Scottish junior football club based in the town of Clydebank , West Dunbartonshire . The current club , formed in 2003 , is a member of the West Region Premiership . The town has been represented by several previous incarnations in both senior and junior football . The current club can directly trace their development from Clydebank Juniors F.C. , who were founded in 1899 . After a short-lived merger with senior club East Stirlingshire during season 1964-65 , they were reformed as a senior club in their own right in 1965 and went on to be members of the Scottish Football League from 1966 until 2002 . Following chronic financial difficulties , the club were bought out by Airdrie United and relocated to play in Airdrie under the new identity . A year later , supporters of the former version of the club re-established its identity once more , at junior level . The 1965-2002 incarnation of Clydebank F.C . were the third club of that name to represent the town in senior football . The first club was formed in 1888 but never competed at a high level . Of more significance was the second Clydebank F.C. , formed in 1914 and a Scottish Football League member from then until 1931 . Although these clubs are not directly connected to the present entity in a business sense , they are discussed here , given their shared name and their relevance to the development of the town 's footballing history and its community ."}]}, {'value': 'Clydebank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clydebank', 'summary': 'Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire , Scotland . Situated on the north bank of the River Clyde , Clydebank borders Dumbarton and the villages of Old Kilpatrick , Bowling and Milton to the west , as well as the town of Bearsden in East Dunbartonshire , and the Yoker and Drumchapel areas of the adjacent City of Glasgow . Historically part of Dunbartonshire , Clydebank is part of the registration County of Dumbarton , the Dunbartonshire Crown Lieutenancy area , and the wider urban area of Greater Glasgow . Clydebank was founded as a police burgh on 18 November 1886 .'}]}, {'value': 'Holm Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cumnock Juniors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumnock_Juniors_F.C.', 'summary': 'Cumnock Juniors Football Club are a Scottish junior football club based in Cumnock , Ayrshire .'}]}, {'value': 'Cumnock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumnock', 'summary': 'Cumnock ( Cumnag in Gaelic ) is a town in East Ayrshire , Scotland . The town sits at the confluence of the Glaisnock Water and the Lugar Water . There are three neighbouring housing projects which lie just outside the town boundaries , Craigens , Logan and Netherthird , with the former ironworks settlement of Lugar also just outside the town , contributing to a population of around 13,000 in the immediate locale . A new housing development , Knockroon , was granted planning permission on 9 December 2009 by East Ayrshire Council .'}]}, {'value': 'Townhead Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glenafton Athletic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenafton_Athletic_F.C.', 'summary': 'Glenafton Athletic Football Club are a Scottish football club , based in New Cumnock , Ayrshire . Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association , they play in the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division . The club has won the Scottish Junior Cup twice , in 1993 and 2017'}]}, {'value': 'New Cumnock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Cumnock', 'summary': 'New Cumnock is a town in East Ayrshire , Scotland . It expanded during the coal-mining era from the late 18th century , and mining remained its key industry until its pits were shut in the 1960s . The town is 5.7 miles ( 9.2 km ) south-east of Cumnock , and 21 miles ( 34 km ) east of Ayr .'}]}, {'value': 'Loch Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hurlford United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurlford_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Hurlford United Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Hurlford , near Kilmarnock , Ayrshire . Nicknamed The Ford , they were formed in 1912 and play at Blair Park , wearing red and white . They currently play in the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association'}]}, {'value': 'Hurlford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurlford', 'summary': "Hurlford ( Scottish Gaelic : Baile Àtha Cliath ) ( officially Hurlford and Crookedholm ) is a village in East Ayrshire , Scotland . It has a population of 4,968 . Hurlford 's former names include Whirlford and Hurdleford . The village was named Whirlford as a result of a ford crossing the River Irvine east of Hurlford Cross , near Shawhill . It shares its name in Gaelic , Baile Àtha Cliath ( The Ford of the Hurdles ) with the Irish capital Dublin . The village 's Blair Park is home to Hurlford United F.C . and many notable footballers have been trained there ."}]}, {'value': 'Blair Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irvine Meadow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irvine_Meadow_XI_F.C.', 'summary': "Irvine Meadow XI Football Club is a Scottish football club , based in Irvine , North Ayrshire . They currently compete in the SJFA West Premiership . The club 's home ground is Meadow Park in central Irvine , and they play in royal blue strips ."}]}, {'value': 'Irvine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irvine,_North_Ayrshire', 'summary': "Irvine ( /ˈɜːrvɪn/ UR-vin ; Scots : Irvin , Scottish Gaelic : Irbhinn ) is an ancient settlement , in medieval times a royal burgh , and now a new town on the coast of the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire , Scotland . The 2011 Census recorded the town 's population at 33,698 inhabitants , making it the largest settlement in North Ayrshire . Irvine was the site of Scotland 's 12th century military capital and former headquarters of the Lord High Constable of Scotland , Hugh de Morville . It also served as the capital of Cunninghame and was , at the time of David I , Robert II and Robert III , one of the earliest capitals of Scotland . The town was once a haunt of Robert Burns , after whom two streets in the town are named : Burns Street and Burns Crescent . He is known to have worked in a flax mill on the Glasgow Vennel . Despite being classed as a new town , Irvine has had a long history stretching back many centuries and was classed as a Royal Burgh . There are also conflicting rumours that Mary , Queen of Scots stayed briefly at Seagate Castle . There is still a yearly festival , called Marymass , held in the town . Marymass refers to the religious Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary celebrated on 15 August , and was therefore Mary 's Mass hence Marymass . Irvine is the birthplace of the present First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party , Nicola Sturgeon as well as the former First Minister of Scotland , Jack McConnell . The current Cabinet Secretary for Culture , Europe and External Affairs , Fiona Hyslop was also born in Irvine ."}]}, {'value': 'Meadow Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilbirnie Ladeside', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilbirnie_Ladeside_F.C.', 'summary': "Kilbirnie Ladeside Football Club are a Scottish football club , from Kilbirnie , North Ayrshire . Based at Valefield Park , they are members of the Scottish Junior Football Association and currently play in the West Super League Premier Division . Their main rivals are Beith Juniors . The club nickname , The Blasties , derives from a Robert Burns poem , The Inventory , written in 1786 . My furr-ahin 's a wordy beast , As e'er in tug or tow was traced . The fourth 's a Highland Donald hastle , A damn 'd red-wud Kilburnie blastie !"}]}, {'value': 'Kilbirnie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilbirnie', 'summary': "Kilbirnie ( Gaelic : Cill Bhraonaigh ) is a small town of 7642 inhabitants situated in the Garnock Valley area of North Ayrshire , on the west coast of Scotland . It is around 20 miles ( 30 km ) south-west of Glasgow and approximately 10 miles ( 16 km ) from Paisley and Irvine respectively . Historically , the town 's main industries were flax production and weaving before iron and steelmaking took over in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The suburb of Kilbirnie in the New Zealand capital of Wellington is named after the town ."}]}, {'value': 'Valefield Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valefield_Park', 'summary': "Kilbirnie Ladeside Football Club are a Scottish football club , from Kilbirnie , North Ayrshire . Based at Valefield Park , they are members of the Scottish Junior Football Association and currently play in the West Super League Premier Division . Their main rivals are Beith Juniors . The club nickname , The Blasties , derives from a Robert Burns poem , The Inventory , written in 1786 . My furr-ahin 's a wordy beast , As e'er in tug or tow was traced . The fourth 's a Highland Donald hastle , A damn 'd red-wud Kilburnie blastie !"}]}, {'value': '13th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilwinning Rangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilwinning_Rangers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Kilwinning Rangers Football Club are a Scottish football club from Kilwinning , Ayrshire . Formed in 1899 they became the first Ayrshire club to win the Scottish Junior Cup in 1908-09 with a 1-0 victory over Strathclyde A second appearance in the final followed in 1909-10 , however Kilwinning were defeated 3-0 by Ashfield . Almost a century later , Kilwinning regained the Scottish Junior Cup with a 1-0 victory over Kelty Hearts , in a season which saw them win six out of the seven trophies available to them . Kilwinning became the first Ayrshire side to win the West Super League in 2003-04 however financial issues resulted in the team finishing bottom of the league the following season and subsequently relegated . Most of the following decade was spent in the Ayrshire District League with a promotion to the Super First Division achieved in 2012-13 . A promising campaign the following season almost resulted in Kilwinning avoiding relegation , however it was later revealed that the club had fielded an ineligible player for 12 matches and the resulting 19 point deduction relegated the side to the bottom division once again . A change in management occurred in February 2014 with the appointment of Chris Strain and Colin Stewart , although Stewart left to take up a coaching role at Rangers in 2015 and Strain has assumed the role of sole manager since then . Kilwinning achieved successive champions league in 2014-15 and 2016-17 , courtesy of a play-off victory against Shettleston and maintained their top flight status the following season by defeating Kilsyth Rangers in another play-off . They will play their home games at Kilwinning sports Club starting in the 2019/20 season they also compete in the SJFA West Region Premiership . They play in blue and white hoops .'}]}, {'value': 'Kilwinning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilwinning', 'summary': 'Kilwinning ( /kɪlˈwɪnɪŋ/ , Scottish Gaelic : Cill DFhinnein ) is a town in North Ayrshire , Scotland . It is on the River Garnock , north of Irvine , about 21 miles ( 34 km ) south of Glasgow . It is known as The Crossroads of Ayrshire . Kilwinning was also a Civil Parish . The 2001 Census recorded the town as having a population of 15,908 . At the 2011 Census , Kilwinning had a population of 21,456 . Kilwinning is a mainly affluent town .'}]}, {'value': 'Kilwinning Sports Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirkintilloch Rob Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirkintilloch_Rob_Roy_F.C.', 'summary': "Kirkintilloch Rob Roy Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the town of Kirkintilloch , East Dunbartonshire . Nicknamed The Rabs or The Roy , they were formed in 1878 . The team currently play their home games at Guy 's Meadow , home of Cumbernauld United , whilst they wait for a new home to be built in 2016-17 . They previously played at Adamslie Park for over 100 years . They are named after the Scottish warrior Rob Roy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cumbernauld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cumbernauld', 'summary': "Cumbernauld ( /ˌkʌmbərˈnɔːld/ ; Scots : Cummernaud /ˌkʌmərˈnɔːd/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Comar nan Allt ) is a large town in North Lanarkshire , Scotland . It is the tenth most-populous locality in Scotland and the most populated town in north Lanarkshire , positioned in the centre of Scotland 's Central Belt . Geographically , Cumbernauld sits between east and west , being on the Scottish watershed between the Forth and the Clyde ; however , it is culturally far more weighted towards Glasgow and the New Town 's planners thought to fill 80% of its houses from Scotland 's largest city to reduce housing pressure there . Cumbernauld was marked by the Romans in antiquity . Traces of this are still visible today for example at Westerwood and , less conspicuously , north of the M80 where the legionaries surfaced what would later be called the Auld Cley Road . This is acknowledged in Cumbernauld Community Park , also site of Scotland 's only visible open-air Roman altar , in the shadow of the imposing Carrickstone Water Tower . For many years Cumbernauld was chiefly populated around what is now called The Village with the medieval castle a short walk away surrounded by its own park grounds . The castle frequently hosted visiting royalty and the grounds were famous for their white cattle which were hunted in the oak forest . The town began to spread as the weaving industry of the village was supplemented by mining and quarrying as travel across Scotland became easier due to the Forth and Clyde Canal and the railways being constructed . Cumbernauld railway station , though some distance from the village , improved communications with Glasgow , Falkirk and Stirling . Cumbernauld was designated as the site for a New Town on 9 December 1955 . This led to rapid expansion and building for about 40 years until the town became established as the largest in North Lanarkshire ."}]}, {'value': "Guy 's Meadow", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Guy's_Meadow", 'summary': "Cumbernauld United Football Club are a football club from Scotland . They operate from Guy 's Meadow in the Cumbernauld Village area of the town of Cumbernauld in North Lanarkshire . Formed in 1964 , they are a member of the Scottish Junior Football Association , West Region . Club colours are maroon and blue , and the club 's nickname is United . The club has a full youth academy with teams from the under-6 age group up to under-19 and is regarded by many as one of the best in West and Central Scotland . The academy plays its home games on the impressive 'HatTrix ' astroturf park adjacent to the Guy 's Meadow pitch , as well as on that pitch itself when weather permits . The Club also has a successful five a side complex and social club . The team are managed by former Partick Thistle midfielder Andy Frame , who replaced previous manager George Shaw in January 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '11th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Largs Thistle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Largs_Thistle_F.C.', 'summary': 'Largs Thistle Football Club are a Scottish football club , based in the town of Largs , North Ayrshire . Nicknamed The Theesel , they were formed in 1889 and play at Barrfields Park . Currently playing in the SJFA West Premiership , they wear gold and black strips . Their main rivals are Beith Juniors and Kilbirnie Ladeside . The team are managed since October 2016 by Stuart Davidson , who stepped up from his assistants role following the resignation of previous manager Bryan Slavin .'}]}, {'value': 'Largs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Largs', 'summary': 'Largs ( Scottish Gaelic : An Leargaidh Ghallda ) is a town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire , Scotland , about 33 miles ( 53 km ) from Glasgow . The original name means the slopes ( An Leargaidh ) in Scottish Gaelic . A popular seaside resort with a pier , the town markets itself on its historic links with the Vikings and an annual festival is held each year in early September . In 1263 it was the site of the Battle of Largs between the Norwegian and the Scottish armies . The National Mòd has also been held here in the past .'}]}, {'value': 'Barrfields Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pollok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pollok_F.C.', 'summary': 'Pollok Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Newlands in the southside of the city of Glasgow . The club competes in the SJFA West Region Premiership and are one of the biggest football clubs operating in Scottish Junior football , regularly attracting crowds of around 700 . Pollok play at Newlandsfield Park and wear black and white stripes . Their traditional rivals are Arthurlie of Barrhead .'}]}, {'value': 'Newlands , Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newlands,_Glasgow', 'summary': 'Newlands is a suburb in the south side of Glasgow , Scotland . The area is mainly residential in character . Shawlands and Langside lie to the north of the district ( the White Cart Water forming the boundary ) , Pollokshaws and Auldhouse to the west , Giffnock ( East Renfrewshire ) to the south , and Merrylee and Cathcart to the east .'}]}, {'value': 'Newlandsfield Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rossvale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rossvale_F.C.', 'summary': "Rossvale Football Club are a Scottish football club from the town of Bishopbriggs , East Dunbartonshire who play in the Scottish Junior Football Association , West Region . Originally formed in 1976 by John Grey as Woodhill Boys Club , they run youth football teams from under-8 to under-21 level . The decision was taken to set up a Junior section in early 2010 with the aim of allowing ex-youth players to remain in the game at a decent standard , and the club joined the Central District Second Division for the start of the 2011-12 season . The club are based at Huntershill in Bishopbriggs , with the Junior team finally moving into the enhanced facility for the 2017-18 season after initially groundsharing with Petershill . For the 2019-20 season , Rossvale will continue to train at Huntershill , but will play matches at New Tinto Park in Govan , Glasgow , in a groundsharing agreement with Benburb . This is due to Huntershill 's owners , East Dunbartonshire Council , being unwilling to invest in upgrading its facilities . Rossvale clinched their first Junior honour in March 2015 by winning the 2014-15 Central District Second Division title . A notable player in their victorious squad was former Aberdeen and Scotland striker Robbie Winters . The team are managed since November 2017 by former Albion Rovers defender Gordon Moffat ."}]}, {'value': 'Govan , Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Govan', 'summary': "Govan ( /ˈɡʌvən/ GUV-ən ; Scottish Gaelic : Baile a ' Ghobhainn ) is a district , parish , and former burgh now part of south-west City of Glasgow , Scotland . It is situated 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Glasgow city centre , on the south bank of the River Clyde , opposite the mouth of the River Kelvin and the district of Partick . Historically it was part of the County of Lanark . According to medieval legend , Constantine , a seventh-century King of Strathclyde , founded a monastery under the rule of Columbanus in Govan . During the Middle Ages , Govan was the site of a ferry which linked the area with Partick for seasonal cattle drovers . In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , textile mills and coal mining were important ; in the early-nineteenth century , shipbuilding emerged as Govan 's principal industry . In 1864 , Govan gained burgh status , and was the fifth-largest burgh in Scotland . It was incorporated into the City of Glasgow in 1912 ."}]}, {'value': 'New Tinto Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd in Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SJFA_West_Region_Championship', 'summary': 'The SJFA West Region Championship ( known as the McBookie.com West Region Championship for sponsorship reasons ) is a Scottish semi-professional football competition run by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association and is the second tier of league competition for its member clubs . Formerly known as the West of Scotland Super League First Division , the league began in 2002 when top sides from the former Ayrshire and Central Regions agreed to form two combined Super League divisions above the regional competitions . Originally comprising twelve clubs , it was expanded to fourteen after two years as promotion/relegation places were increased . West Region clubs voted in 2017 to organise all leagues on a regionwide basis and as a result , the second tier Super League First Division was rebranded as the Championship from 2018 onwards and now consists of sixteen clubs . Clubs are promoted to a rebranded Premiership and relegated to a regionwide League One instead of the previous Central and Ayrshire district divisions .'}]}, {'value': 'Rutherglen Glencairn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutherglen_Glencairn_F.C.', 'summary': 'Rutherglen Glencairn Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Rutherglen , South Lanarkshire , near Glasgow . Nicknamed The Glens and formed in 1896 , they play at The Celsius Stadium ( New Southcroft Park ) . Glencairn are the current ( 2018-19 ) SJFA West Region Championship title holders . Other recent trophy successes include the Stagecoach Central District League Division One championship in the 2008-09 season and the Stagecoach West Region Super League Division One title in the 2009-10 season . The latter gave the club the right to compete in the West Region Super Premier League for the first time in the 2010-11 season . Willie Patterson and Scott Smith managed the club jointly from October 2005 until they left at the end of the 2010-11 season . The club is currently ( as of January 2020 ) managed by Willie Harvey and assistant manager Joe Pryce and coached by Tony Fraser , Robert Kielty and Stevie Hutchison . It competes in the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Rutherglen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutherglen', 'summary': 'Rutherglen ( /ˌrʌðərˈɡlɛn/ , Scots : Ruglen ) is a town in South Lanarkshire , Scotland . Having existed as a Lanarkshire burgh in its own right for more than 800 years , in 1975 it lost its own local council and administratively became a component of the City of Glasgow District Council within the Strathclyde region ( along with neighbouring Cambuslang ) . In 1996 Rutherglen was reallocated to the South Lanarkshire council area .'}]}, {'value': 'New Southcroft Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st in Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SJFA_West_Region_Championship', 'summary': 'The SJFA West Region Championship ( known as the McBookie.com West Region Championship for sponsorship reasons ) is a Scottish semi-professional football competition run by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association and is the second tier of league competition for its member clubs . Formerly known as the West of Scotland Super League First Division , the league began in 2002 when top sides from the former Ayrshire and Central Regions agreed to form two combined Super League divisions above the regional competitions . Originally comprising twelve clubs , it was expanded to fourteen after two years as promotion/relegation places were increased . West Region clubs voted in 2017 to organise all leagues on a regionwide basis and as a result , the second tier Super League First Division was rebranded as the Championship from 2018 onwards and now consists of sixteen clubs . Clubs are promoted to a rebranded Premiership and relegated to a regionwide League One instead of the previous Central and Ayrshire district divisions .'}]}, {'value': 'Troon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Troon_F.C.', 'summary': "Troon Football Club ( also known as The Seasiders or The Seagulls ) are a Scottish football team based in Ayrshire . They compete in the SJFA West Premiership . Formed in 1946 , they are based at Portland Park in the town of Troon in Ayrshire . The ground has a current capacity of 2,000 and is standing room only . The club 's colours have been blue and black vertical stripes since the late 1970s , although previous Troon teams from the pre-war period played in plain blue . During the 1960s they wore white tops and black shorts . Late 60 and during the 70s Maroon was their preferred colours"}]}, {'value': 'Troon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Troon', 'summary': 'Troon is a town in South Ayrshire , situated on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland , about 8 miles ( 13 km ) north of Ayr and 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Glasgow Prestwick Airport . Troon has a port with freight services and a yacht marina . Up until January 2016 , P & O operated a seasonal ferry service to Larne . In May 2006 , a ferry service to Campbeltown was added , although this was withdrawn the following year . In the 2001 census the population of Troon , not including the nearby village of Loans but including the Barassie area , was estimated at 14,766 - a 4.77% increase on the 1991 estimate of 14,094 .'}]}, {'value': 'Portland Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12th', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Member clubs for the 2019–20 season', 'section_text': 'Auchinleck TalbotBeith JuniorsGlasgowCumnockGlenafton AthleticHurlford UnitedIrvine MeadowKilbirnie LadesideKilwinning RangersKirkintilloch Rob RoyLargs ThistleTroon Location of teams in 2019–20 West Premiership BenburbClydebankKirkintilloch Rob RoyPollokRossvaleRutherglen Glencairn Location of teams in 2019–20 West Premiership in Glasgow', 'uid': 'West_of_Scotland_Super_League_Premier_Division_0', 'intro': 'The SJFA West Region Premiership (also known as the McBookie.com West Region Premiership for sponsorship reasons) is a semi-professional football league run by the West Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association and is the highest tier of league competition for its member clubs. The current (2019) champions are Auchinleck Talbot. Formerly known as the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division, the league was created in 2002 with the amalgamation of the top leagues of the Central and Ayrshire regions. Since the 2007-08 season, the winners of the league have been eligible to enter the senior Scottish Cup at its earliest stage, with Pollok being the first champions to take part in the Scottish Cup. Since 2002, two clubs have been automatically relegated to the Super League First Division, and are replaced by the clubs placed first and second in that division. A relegation play-off was added in 2006-07 where the club which finishes third bottom contests a two-legged play-off against the team which finishes third in the Super League First Division. West Region clubs voted in 2017 to organise all leagues on a regionwide basis and as a result, the Super League Premier Division was rebranded as the West Region Premiership from 2018 onwards and will consist of sixteen clubs. Clubs will be relegated to a rebranded Championship also consisting of sixteen teams.'}
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What areas lie east of the suburb containing Newlandsfield Park ?
Merrylee and Cathcart
fe92a5ab45de4e8e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Romania at the 2004 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oana Ban Alexandra Eremia Cătălina Ponor Monica Roşu Nicoleta Daniela Șofronie Silvia Stroescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oana_Ban', 'summary': 'Oana Mihaela Ban ( born January 11 , 1986 , in Cluj-Napoca ) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast . She is an Olympic gold medalist with the team and a world silver medalist on beam and with the team . Her best events were the floor and the balance beam .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexandra_Eremia', 'summary': 'Alexandra Georgiana Eremia ( born February 19 , 1987 ) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast . Her best apparatus was the balance beam on which she had an interesting routine starting with her trademark split mount . She is an Olympic and a European gold medalist with the team . Individually , she won several medals on beam in various international competitions . She is the 2004 Olympic bronze medalist and the 2004 European silver medalist on this event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cătălina_Ponor', 'summary': 'Cătălina Ponor ( Romanian pronunciation : [ kətəˈlina poˈnor ] ; born 20 August 1987 ) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast who competed at three Olympiads : 2004 , 2012 , and 2016 . She won three gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens on balance beam , floor and as part of the Romanian team . She also earned a silver medal on floor and bronze medal as part of the Romanian team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , as well as multiple World Championship and European Championship medals . She announced her plans to retire from gymnastics after the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships , in Montreal . During her career , she won 23 Olympic , World and European medals . More than half of them ( 12 ) were gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monica_Roşu', 'summary': 'Monica Roşu ( born May 11 , 1987 ) is a former artistic gymnast from Romania . During her career , she won two Olympic gold medals ( team and vault ) , a silver medal with the Romanian team at world championships , and two gold medals at the European Championships ( team and vault ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicoleta_Daniela_Șofronie', 'summary': 'Nicoleta Daniela Dana Șofronie ( born February 12 , 1988 , in Constanța , Romania ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . She is an Olympic and European gold medalist with the team , as well as the silver medalist on floor exercise at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the all-around silver medalist at the 2004 European Championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Silvia_Stroescu', 'summary': 'Silvia Alexandra Stroescu ( born May 8 , 1985 in Bucharest , Romania ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . She is an Olympic , world , and European gold medalist with the team .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's artistic team all-around", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_artistic_team_all-around", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's artistic team all-around competition , one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 17 at the Olympic Indoor Hall . The scoring for the team event had been changed again since the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . The new format only 3 athletes from each national team competed on each piece of apparatus , and all scores counted towards the final combined total at the end ."}]}, {'value': 'August 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Camelia Potec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camelia_Potec', 'summary': "Camelia Potec ( Romanian pronunciation : [ kaˈmeli.a ˈpotek ] ; born 19 February 1982 in Brăila ) is a female Romanian swimmer , who won the gold medal in the women 's 200 m freestyle at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She won the Mare Nostrum in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 200 m freestyle", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_200_metre_freestyle", 'summary': "The women 's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 16 and 17 . Camelia Potec became the second Romanian swimmer to claim a gold medal in swimming ( the first being done by Diana Mocanu in Sydney ) , outside the record time of 1:58.03 . The silver medal was awarded to 15-year-old Federica Pellegrini of Italy , who finished behind Potec by 0.19 of a second , clocking at 1:58.22 . France 's Solenne Figuès , on the other hand , took home the bronze in 1:58.45 . World record holder Franziska van Almsick , however , finished outside of medals in fifth place , with a time of 1:58.88 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgeta Damian Viorica Susanu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgeta_Damian', 'summary': "Georgeta Damian ( born 14 April 1976 in Botoșani , Romania ) is a female rower from Romania and winner of five Olympic gold medals . She married the rower Valeriu Andruanche in 2006 . Damian rowed in the Romanian Women 's eight , that won the World Rowing Championships in 1997 , 1998 and 1999 , and the 2000 Summer Olympics , where she also won the Women 's pairs . With Viorica Susanu , she won the World Championships in the pairs in 2001 and 2002 , and at the 2004 Summer Olympics she won gold medals in both pairs and eights . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she won gold in the women 's pairs with Susanu , and bronze in the eights ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Viorica_Susanu', 'summary': "Viorica Susanu ( born 29 October 1975 in Galaţi ) is a Romanian rower and winner of four Olympic Gold medals . Susanu rowed in the Romanian women 's eight that won the World Rowing Championships in 1997 , 1998 and 1999 , and the 2000 Summer Olympics . In 2001 and 2002 , rowing with Georgeta Damian , she won the World Championships in the women 's pair , setting a world 's best time in 2002 , while continuing to row in the eight . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , she won gold medals in both the pair and the eight , and in 2008 the pair ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's pair", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_coxless_pair", 'summary': "These are the results of the Women 's coxless pair competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angela Alupei Constanța Burcică', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angela_Alupei', 'summary': "Angela Alupei ( née Tamaş , born 1 May 1972 ) is a Romanian Olympic rower , born in Bacău , Romania . She has been rowing since she was 17 years of age . When not competing , she is a police officer . She , and her partner Constanța Burcică took the gold medal , at the 2000 and 2004 Olympic Games in the women 's lightweight double sculls event . They also took first place at the Rowing World Cup twice in 2000 , in Vienna , Austria and in Lucerne , Switzerland , and second place at the 2004 World Cup in Lucerne ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Constanța_Burcică', 'summary': "Constanța Burcică ( née Pipotă ; born 15 March 1971 in Sohatu , Călărași County ) is a Romanian Olympic rower . She won the first three instances of the women 's lightweight double scull at the Olympic regatta , in 1996 , 2000 and 2004 . At the 1996 Olympics , Burcică and her partner Camelia Macoviciuc took the inaugural lightweight double scull event . Burcică and her new partner Angela Alupei took the gold medal at the 2000 and 2004 Olympic Games in the women 's lightweight double scull event . They also took first place at the Rowing World Cup twice in 2000 , in Vienna , Austria and in Lucerne , Switzerland , and second place at the 2004 World Cup in Lucerne ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's lightweight double sculls", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_lightweight_double_sculls", 'summary': "These are the results of the Women 's lightweight double sculls competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The Rowing events were held at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monica Roşu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Roşu', 'summary': 'Monica Roşu ( born May 11 , 1987 ) is a former artistic gymnast from Romania . During her career , she won two Olympic gold medals ( team and vault ) , a silver medal with the Romanian team at world championships , and two gold medals at the European Championships ( team and vault ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's vault", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_vault", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's vault competition , one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 22 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aurica Bărăscu Georgeta Damian Rodica Florea Liliana Gafencu Elena Georgescu Doina Ignat Elisabeta Lipă Ioana Papuc Viorica Susanu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aurica_Bărăscu', 'summary': 'Aurica Bărăscu ( born 21 September 1974 in Nicorești , Galați ) is a Romanian rower .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgeta_Damian', 'summary': "Georgeta Damian ( born 14 April 1976 in Botoșani , Romania ) is a female rower from Romania and winner of five Olympic gold medals . She married the rower Valeriu Andruanche in 2006 . Damian rowed in the Romanian Women 's eight , that won the World Rowing Championships in 1997 , 1998 and 1999 , and the 2000 Summer Olympics , where she also won the Women 's pairs . With Viorica Susanu , she won the World Championships in the pairs in 2001 and 2002 , and at the 2004 Summer Olympics she won gold medals in both pairs and eights . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she won gold in the women 's pairs with Susanu , and bronze in the eights ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rodica_Florea', 'summary': "Rodica Maria Şerban , née Florea ( born 26 May 1983 ) is a Romanian rower . She achieved success in women 's eight , where she won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics , bronze at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2005 World Rowing Championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Liliana_Gafencu', 'summary': 'Liliana Gafencu ( born 12 July 1975 in Bucureşti ) is a Romanian rower , who has won three Olympic gold medals in the eights competition .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elena_Georgescu', 'summary': "Elena Georgescu ( née Nedelcu , born 10 April 1964 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian coxswain who has won five Olympic medals in the women 's eight event . She competed until 1991 under her maiden name ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Doina_Ignat', 'summary': 'Doina Ignat ( born 20 December 1968 in Rădăuți-Prut , Botoşani ) is a Romanian rower , who has won six Olympic medals during her career .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elisabeta_Lipă', 'summary': 'Elisabeta Lipă ( Romanian pronunciation : [ elisaˈbeta ˈlipə ] ; née Oleniuc on 26 October 1964 ) is a retired rower and government official from Romania . She is the most decorated rower in the history of the Olympics , winning five gold , two silver and one bronze medals . She holds the record amongst rowers for the most years between gold medals , at 20 years . Since 2004 , Lipă has served in various government positions including Minister of Youth and Sport in the current cabinet under Prime Minister Dacian Cioloș . Since 2009 , she has also served as the President of the Romanian Rowing Federation and the Dinamo București Sports Club .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ioana_Papuc', 'summary': "Ioana Cristina Rotaru ( née Papuc , 4 January 1984 ) is a Romanian rower . She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics , where she won a bronze medal in women 's eight . At the 2004 Summer Olympics she won a gold medal at the same discipline . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she was part of the Romanian team that finished 4th ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Viorica_Susanu', 'summary': "Viorica Susanu ( born 29 October 1975 in Galaţi ) is a Romanian rower and winner of four Olympic Gold medals . Susanu rowed in the Romanian women 's eight that won the World Rowing Championships in 1997 , 1998 and 1999 , and the 2000 Summer Olympics . In 2001 and 2002 , rowing with Georgeta Damian , she won the World Championships in the women 's pair , setting a world 's best time in 2002 , while continuing to row in the eight . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , she won gold medals in both the pair and the eight , and in 2008 the pair ."}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's eight", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_eight", 'summary': "These are the results of the Women 's eight competition , one of six events for female competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cătălina Ponor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cătălina_Ponor', 'summary': 'Cătălina Ponor ( Romanian pronunciation : [ kətəˈlina poˈnor ] ; born 20 August 1987 ) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast who competed at three Olympiads : 2004 , 2012 , and 2016 . She won three gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens on balance beam , floor and as part of the Romanian team . She also earned a silver medal on floor and bronze medal as part of the Romanian team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , as well as multiple World Championship and European Championship medals . She announced her plans to retire from gymnastics after the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships , in Montreal . During her career , she won 23 Olympic , World and European medals . More than half of them ( 12 ) were gold medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's floor", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_floor", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's floor exercise competition , one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cătălina Ponor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cătălina_Ponor', 'summary': 'Cătălina Ponor ( Romanian pronunciation : [ kətəˈlina poˈnor ] ; born 20 August 1987 ) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast who competed at three Olympiads : 2004 , 2012 , and 2016 . She won three gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens on balance beam , floor and as part of the Romanian team . She also earned a silver medal on floor and bronze medal as part of the Romanian team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , as well as multiple World Championship and European Championship medals . She announced her plans to retire from gymnastics after the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships , in Montreal . During her career , she won 23 Olympic , World and European medals . More than half of them ( 12 ) were gold medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's balance beam", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_balance_beam", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's balance beam competition , one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marian Oprea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Oprea', 'summary': 'Marian Oprea ( born 6 June 1982 ) is a Romanian athlete , competing in triple jump , who won the silver medal at the 2004 Olympic Games . His personal best is 17.81 meters . Oprea was born in Piteşti . He took his first major medal at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Athletics , winning the gold with a jump of 16.41 m. Oprea won the bronze medal in the triple jump at the 2005 World Athletics Championships in Helsinki and also at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg . He suffered a serious knee injury ( tendonitis ) and missed the 2009 World Championships in Athletics as a result . He opted to undergo major surgery and brought an end to a two-year-long injury hiatus with a jump of 16.88 m in May 2010 . He proved himself to return to peak fitness with a silver medal performance at the 2010 European Athletics Championships ( jumping 17.51 m ) and then taking the gold medal at the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup later that season .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's triple jump", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_triple_jump", 'summary': "The men 's triple jump competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held at the Olympic Stadium on 20-22 August ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marian Drăgulescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Drăgulescu', 'summary': 'Marian Drăgulescu ( born December 18 , 1980 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . During his senior gymnastics career he has won an impressive 31 medals at Olympic games , and World or European Championships , of which eight are gold medals at the World Championships . He excels in vault and floor , on which he was a multiple world champion and Olympic medallist . His name will remain in gymnastics history not only because of his world titles on floor ( 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2009 ) and vault ( 2001 , 2005 , 2006 , 2009 ) , but also because of the extremely difficult vault that was named after him : a handspring double front somersault with ½ turn or the Drăgulescu . He was also an excellent all around gymnast , an event in which he was a European champion ( 2004 ) and bronze medallist ( 2000 ) , and placed 8th at the 2004 Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's floor", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_floor", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's floor exercise competition , one of eight events for male competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 22 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marius Urzică', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marius_Urzică', 'summary': 'Marius Daniel Urzică ( born September 30 , 1975 , in Topliţa , Romania ) is a Romanian gymnast . Urzică is an Olympic champion , a three-time world champion and a three-time European champion on pommel horse . He competed at three Olympic games , medaling each time on pommel horse ( gold Sydney 2000 , silver Atlanta 1996 and silver Athena 2004 ) and contributed to the team bronze in Athens 2004 . His unique technique and style of performance have won him the recognition as one of the greatest masters on this piece of apparatus ever , together with Miroslav Cerar and Zoltán Magyar . Known as The King of the Pommels in 2001 he achieved the maximum score of 10.00 on this piece of apparatus at the Glasgow Grand Prix . Two elements in artistic gymnastics , one on pommel horse and one on parallel bars are named after him . He was the founder of Romanian Golden Team'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's pommel horse", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_pommel_horse", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's pommel horse competition , one of eight events for male competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 22 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicoleta Daniela Șofronie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicoleta_Daniela_Șofronie', 'summary': 'Nicoleta Daniela Dana Șofronie ( born February 12 , 1988 , in Constanța , Romania ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . She is an Olympic and European gold medalist with the team , as well as the silver medalist on floor exercise at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the all-around silver medalist at the 2004 European Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's floor", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_floor", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's floor exercise competition , one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ionela Târlea-Manolache', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ionela_Târlea-Manolache', 'summary': "Ionela Târlea ( during marriage Târlea-Manolache ; born 9 February 1976 ) is a former track and field athlete , competing internationally for Romania . She won the silver medal in the 400 m hurdles at the 2004 Summer Olympics . At the same games in Athens , Greece , Târlea helped the Romanian national team to sixth place in the 4 × 400 m relay . She gained recognition in top international competitions as early as 1996 at the Atlanta Olympics , when she came seventh in the 400 m hurdles event . In 1999 at the World Indoor Athletics Championships she won the gold medal in the 200 metres . In 2000 in Sydney , Australia , Târlea earned her place again in the finals of the 400 m hurdles event , and came sixth . In 2002 , she reaped gold at the European Championships held in Munich , also in the 400 m hurdles , her preferred event . A rather uneventful period followed for Târlea . : It was only in early 2008 that she secured her comeback among the world 's top athletes as she came third in the 400 m event held in Stuttgart 's Sparkassen Cup . She retired in April 2009 , due to long-term injuries . At club level Târlea competed for Dinamo Bucharest , Fenerbahçe Istanbul and Sporting Portugal athletics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 400 m hurdles", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_400_metres_hurdles", 'summary': "The women 's 400 metres hurdles at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 21 to 25 . The first round had split a full roster of runners into five heats with the first two gaining a direct qualification and then the next six fastest across all heats advancing to the semifinals . The top four runners in both of the semifinal heats moved on directly to the final . The final was expected to witness four early-season favorites , U.S. top runner Sheena Johnson , 1999 world champion Jana Pittman , current world record holder Yuliya Pechenkina , and two-time European champion Ionela Târlea-Manolache , challenging each other for the Olympic title . Inside the stadium , however , the raucous Greek crowd turned their attention on home favorite Faní Halkiá , who had previously lowered the Olympic record by 0.05 of a second in the second semifinal . All three medalists came from that semi , fifth place equalling 3rd place in the first semi . From the start in lane four , Halkia drew level with Pittman outside her at the halfway turn , until she quickly pulled away from the field on the last hundred metres and cleared the final hurdle . With none of the pre-race favorites willing to chase her on the home stretch , Halkia raced comfortably to an Olympic gold . Behind her , Târlea-Manolache and Ukraine 's Tetyana Tereshchuk-Antipova came through on the inside to take the silver and bronze medals respectively . Running bravely against a tore knee injury , Pittman managed to finish the race in fifth place , while Pechenkina stumbled behind on a wretched run to round out the field in last . Halkia 's triumph proved to be a redemption for the host nation Greece in track and field , after the anti-doping scandal and suspicious affair on 2000 Olympic medalists and sprinters Kostas Kenteris and Ekaterini Thanou that tainted the start of the Games ."}]}, {'value': 'August 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marian Drăgulescu Ilie Daniel Popescu Dan Nicolae Potra Răzvan Dorin Șelariu Ioan Silviu Suciu Marius Urzică', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Drăgulescu', 'summary': 'Marian Drăgulescu ( born December 18 , 1980 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . During his senior gymnastics career he has won an impressive 31 medals at Olympic games , and World or European Championships , of which eight are gold medals at the World Championships . He excels in vault and floor , on which he was a multiple world champion and Olympic medallist . His name will remain in gymnastics history not only because of his world titles on floor ( 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2009 ) and vault ( 2001 , 2005 , 2006 , 2009 ) , but also because of the extremely difficult vault that was named after him : a handspring double front somersault with ½ turn or the Drăgulescu . He was also an excellent all around gymnast , an event in which he was a European champion ( 2004 ) and bronze medallist ( 2000 ) , and placed 8th at the 2004 Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ilie_Daniel_Popescu', 'summary': 'Ilie Daniel Popescu ( born June 1 , 1983 in Reşita , Romania ) was a Romanian born artistic gymnast . He is an Olympic Team bronze medallist ( 2004 ) , a world silver medalist ( 2007/ vault ) and a European bronze medalist ( 2008/ Pommel Horse ) . He changed his nationality to German . He coaches several teams of the German gymnastics club TV Schwäbisch Gmünd Wetzgau , for which he also starts in the German Gymnastics League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dan_Nicolae_Potra', 'summary': "Dan Nicolae Potra ( born July 28 , 1979 , in Timișoara ) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who was Romania 's first male gymnast to win the European all around title ( 2002 ) . He is an Olympic bronze medalist with the team and a three time continental gold medalist ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Răzvan_Dorin_Șelariu', 'summary': 'Răzvan Dorin Șelariu ( born November 2 , 1983 in Reșița , Romania ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . He is a bronze Olympic medalist and a multiple European medalist . Răzvan is an all around gymnast ; he is a silver all European medalist on this event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ioan_Silviu_Suciu', 'summary': 'Ioan Silviu Suciu ( born 24 November 1977 in Sibiu ) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast . His best event was the pommel horse . One of his closest rivals was his team mate and pommel horse Olympic champion Marius Urzică , who was defeated by Suciu in Ljubljana , 2004 , when the latter won the title while Urzică took 8th place . Suciu is an Olympic bronze medalist with the team , a silver world medalist on pommel horse and a six-time European medalist ( pommel horse , vault and team ) . Suciu was one of the key team members of the Romanian gymnastics team for several years contributing to the 2004 Olympic team bronze medal and three continental team medals ( two gold and one silver ) . He also placed fourth all around at the 2004 Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marius_Urzică', 'summary': 'Marius Daniel Urzică ( born September 30 , 1975 , in Topliţa , Romania ) is a Romanian gymnast . Urzică is an Olympic champion , a three-time world champion and a three-time European champion on pommel horse . He competed at three Olympic games , medaling each time on pommel horse ( gold Sydney 2000 , silver Atlanta 1996 and silver Athena 2004 ) and contributed to the team bronze in Athens 2004 . His unique technique and style of performance have won him the recognition as one of the greatest masters on this piece of apparatus ever , together with Miroslav Cerar and Zoltán Magyar . Known as The King of the Pommels in 2001 he achieved the maximum score of 10.00 on this piece of apparatus at the Glasgow Grand Prix . Two elements in artistic gymnastics , one on pommel horse and one on parallel bars are named after him . He was the founder of Romanian Golden Team'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's artistic team all-around", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_artistic_team_all-around", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's artistic team all-around competition , one of eight events for male competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 16 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Răzvan Florea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Răzvan_Florea', 'summary': 'Răzvan Florea ( born 29 September 1980 in Constanța , Romania ) is a former Olympic and national record setting backstroke swimmer from Romania . He was the first Romanian male to win an Olympic medal in Swimming when he won the bronze medal in the 200 backstroke at the 2004 Olympics . He also swam for Romania at the 2000 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_200_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre backstroke event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 18 and 19 . U.S. swimmer Aaron Peirsol won a gold medal in this event , with an Olympic record time of 1:54.95 . Markus Rogan added another silver for Austria in the same stroke , in an outstanding time of 1:57.35 . Romania 's Răzvan Florea , who finished behind Rogan by 0.21 of a second , earned a bronze in 1:57.56 . Peirsol became the fifth swimmer and fourth American in Olympic history to claim titles in two backstroke events . In the final , Peirsol won the race but was disqualified for a noncontinuous backstroke turn ( in backstroke , a swimmer is allowed to rotate onto his/her stomach going into a turn , as long as 1 ) only one arm pull occurs while the swimmer is on his/her stomach and 2 ) the turn is one smooth motion ) . Peirsol 's disqualification was appealed , and overturned , reinstating his time and finish . The British team have announced their intention to appeal to a higher body in an attempt to get their fourth-place swimmer James Goddard for a bronze medal ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marian Drăgulescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Drăgulescu', 'summary': 'Marian Drăgulescu ( born December 18 , 1980 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian artistic gymnast . During his senior gymnastics career he has won an impressive 31 medals at Olympic games , and World or European Championships , of which eight are gold medals at the World Championships . He excels in vault and floor , on which he was a multiple world champion and Olympic medallist . His name will remain in gymnastics history not only because of his world titles on floor ( 2001 , 2002 , 2006 , 2009 ) and vault ( 2001 , 2005 , 2006 , 2009 ) , but also because of the extremely difficult vault that was named after him : a handspring double front somersault with ½ turn or the Drăgulescu . He was also an excellent all around gymnast , an event in which he was a European champion ( 2004 ) and bronze medallist ( 2000 ) , and placed 8th at the 2004 Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's vault", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_vault", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's vault competition , one of eight events for male competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexandra Eremia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandra_Eremia', 'summary': 'Alexandra Georgiana Eremia ( born February 19 , 1987 ) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast . Her best apparatus was the balance beam on which she had an interesting routine starting with her trademark split mount . She is an Olympic and a European gold medalist with the team . Individually , she won several medals on beam in various international competitions . She is the 2004 Olympic bronze medalist and the 2004 European silver medalist on this event .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's balance beam", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_balance_beam", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's balance beam competition , one of six events for female competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Cioncan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Cioncan', 'summary': 'Maria Cioncan ( June 19 , 1977 - January 21 , 2007 ) was a middle distance runner from Romania , best known for winning a bronze medal in the 1500 metres event at the 2004 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 1500 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_1500_metres", 'summary': "The women 's 1500 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 24 to 28 . The first round comprised three heats with the first five gaining a direct qualification and then the next nine fastest across all heats progressing to the semifinals . The top five runners in each of the two semifinal heats moved on directly to the final , and they were immediately joined by the next two fastest from any of the semifinals . The final started out quickly with the fastest qualifier Natalya Yevdokimova taking an insurmountable lead for the Russians alongside her teammates Olga Yegorova and reigning world champion Tatyana Tomashova . Great Britain 's Kelly Holmes , who had earlier won the gold medal in the 800 metres , was expected to challenge her Russian rivals and the rest of the field for a possible Olympic double . Throughout the race , Holmes stayed calmly at the back of the field , lying eighth at the bell . With only one more lap to go , she bided her time to pull away from the rest of the runners through the curve , keeping an eye on the leaders . Holmes made a wider move with only 100 metres remaining to pass the leader Tomashova and sprinted down the home stretch to take the gold medal , setting a new British record of 3:57.90 . Tomashova closed the race quickly to get the silver , while Romania 's Maria Cioncan could not reach further to chase the leaders on a tight sprint finish , ending her up with a bronze . Holmes ' feat made her one of Great Britain 's most successful athletes in Olympic history , and the first to achieve an Olympic middle-distance double by either a male or a female , for 84 years , a feat that not accomplished by the 1980s running legends Sebastian Coe , Steve Ovett , and Steve Cram ."}]}, {'value': 'August 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ionuț Gheorghe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ionuț_Gheorghe', 'summary': 'Ionuţ Gheorghe ( born 29 February 1984 in Constanţa , Romania ) is a boxer from Romania .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall . The event was only open to men and bouts were contested over four rounds of two minutes each . Five judges scored the fighters in real time and the boxer with the most points at the end was the winner . Three days before the Games opening ceremony the International Olympic Committee announced that Kenyan boxer David Munyasia had tested positive for cathine and has been excluded from the event . Several medalists at the 2004 Olympics , including Amir Khan , Andre Ward , Gennady Golovkin , Yuriorkis Gamboa , and Guillermo Rigondeaux , later went on to become world champions in professional boxing . However , Russian boxers dont typically turn pro as their government provides them with extensive funding which allows them to keep their amateur status and compete at multiple Olympics . The tournament was also Mario Kindelán 's final Olympic event before retirement , with a second lightweight gold metal after beating Amir Khan ."}]}, {'value': 'Light welterweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Light_welterweight', 'summary': 'The light welterweight boxing competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held from 15 to 28 August at Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall . This is limited to those boxers weighing between 60 and 64 kilograms .'}]}, {'value': 'August 28', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Romania_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': "Romania competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. Romanian athletes have competed at every Summer Olympic Games since its official debut in 1924, missing only two editions, including the 1948 Summer Olympics. The Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (Romanian: Comitetul Olimpic și Sportiv Român, COSR) sent the nation's smallest team to the Games since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. A total of 108 athletes, 50 men and 58 women, had competed in 16 different sports, most notably in artistic gymnastics and rowing. For the third time in Olympic history, Romania was again represented by more female than male athletes. The Romanian team featured several Olympic medalists from Sydney four years earlier, including coxless rowing pair Monica Roşu and Viorica Susanu, sprint canoeists Florin Popescu and Mitică Pricop, gymnastics champion Marius Urzică in men's pommel horse, and rowers Doina Ignat and Georgeta Andrunache. Pistol shooter and 1988 Olympic champion Sorin Babii, and rowing legend Elisabeta Lipă, who won a total of seven Olympic medals in her illustrious sporting career, became the first Romanian athletes to compete in six Olympic Games. Having received the second most medals by a single athlete in the nation's Olympic history, Lipa reprised her role to carry the Romanian flag in the opening ceremony for the second consecutive time. Despite being the smallest team to the Games since 1988, Romania left Athens with a total of 19 Olympic medals, 8 golds, 5 silver, and 6 bronze, failing only three golds short of the total achieved in Sydney. Most of these medals were awarded to the athletes in artistic gymnastics and rowing, including three prestigious Olympic titles from Cătălina Ponor in women's floor, balance beam, and team all-around exercises. Apart from Ponor's Olympic glory, the nation's highlight of the Games also came with a powerful triumph of the rowing team, as the Romanians managed to secure their title in the women's eight. With a stark tally of eight medals, Lipa greatly emerged as the most successful female rower in the entire Olympic history after winning her fourth consecutive gold and fifth overall within a record span of 20 years."}
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What was the year of birth of the silver medalist in the men 's triple jump event of the 2004 Summer Olympics ?
1982
fe938b9a2b5a935c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodelle_Ferland', 'title': 'Jodelle Ferland', 'header': ['Year', 'Award', 'Category', 'Nominated work', 'Result'], 'data': [{'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Artist Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Award', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance in a TV Movie ( Comedy or Drama ) - Young Actress Age Ten or Younger', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Desi Gill in Mermaid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mermaid_(2000_film)', 'summary': "Mermaid , released in 2000 , is a television movie based on the real-life story of Desiree Leanne Gill as she learns to accept her father 's death . It aired originally on Showtime , and it was released on DVD in 2001 . Jodelle Ferland and Ellen Burstyn were both nominated for a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Performer in a Children 's Special ."}]}, {'value': 'Won', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emmy Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmy_Award', 'summary': 'An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry . It is presented at numerous annual events held throughout the calendar year , each honoring one of the various sectors of the television industry . The two ceremonies that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy events include those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , the International Emmy Awards honor excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . The Emmy is named after immy , an informal term for the image orthicon tube that was common in early television cameras . The statuette depicts a winged woman holding an atom . The Emmy is considered one of the four major American entertainment awards , the others being the Grammy ( for music ) , the Oscar ( for film ) , and the Tony ( for theater ) . Three related , but separate , organizations present the Emmy Award : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( NATAS ) , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( IATAS ) . The ATAS first awarded the Emmy in 1949 to honor shows produced in the Los Angeles area before it became a national event in the 1950s to honor programs aired nationwide . Over the next two decades , the ATAS , the NATAS , and the IATAS expanded the award to honor other areas of the TV industry , with each organization responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy competitions .'}]}, {'value': "Outstanding Performer in a Children 's Special", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Desi Gill in Mermaid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mermaid_(2000_film)', 'summary': "Mermaid , released in 2000 , is a television movie based on the real-life story of Desiree Leanne Gill as she learns to accept her father 's death . It aired originally on Showtime , and it was released on DVD in 2001 . Jodelle Ferland and Ellen Burstyn were both nominated for a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Performer in a Children 's Special ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Artist Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Award', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance in a TV Series - Guest Starring Young Actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emily Eve Dinsmore in Smallville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smallville_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Smallville is an American superhero television series developed by writer-producers Alfred Gough and Miles Millar , based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster . The series , initially broadcast by The WB , premiered on October 16 , 2001 . After Smallville 's fifth season , The WB and UPN merged to form The CW , the series ' later United States broadcaster . Smallville , which ended its tenth and final season on May 13 , 2011 , follows Clark Kent ( Tom Welling ) in the fictional town of Smallville , Kansas , before he becomes The Man of Steel/Superman . The first four seasons focus on Clark and his friends in high school . After season five Smallville ventures into adult settings , eventually focusing on his career alongside Lois Lane ( Erica Durance ) at the Daily Planet and introducing other DC comic-book superheroes and villains . Before the series ' production , Bruce Wayne , chronicling the young protagonist 's journey toward Batman , was proposed first . Although that series failed to generate interest , it inspired Smallville . Series developers Gough and Millar pitched their no tights , no flights rule to the president of Warner Bros. Television , reducing Superman to the bare essentials and examining what led Clark Kent to become the Man of Steel . After seven seasons with the show , Gough and Millar departed with little explanation . Smallville was primarily filmed in and around Vancouver , British Columbia , with local businesses and buildings substituting for Smallville locations . Most of the music for the first six seasons was composed by Mark Snow , who incorporated elements of John Williams ' musical score from the Superman film series ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leo Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leo_Award', 'summary': "The Leo Awards are the awards program for the British Columbia film and television industry . Held each May or June in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , the Leo Awards were founded by the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Foundation of British Columbia in 1999 . A film festival , added in 2005 , was cancelled in 2010 . Awards categories are numerous , and include but are not exclusive to live action , animated , adult dramatic , children 's , documentary film , documentary television , feature films , short films ."}]}, {'value': 'Dramatic Series : Best Guest Performance by a Female', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Devil/Little Girl in The Collector For episode The Prosecutor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Collector_(TV_series)', 'summary': "The Collector is a Canadian supernatural drama television series about a man attempting to help save people who have bargained their souls with the Devil . After over 600 years of collecting the souls of people at the end of their 10-year deals , Morgan Pym ( Chris Kramer ) negotiates with the Devil for the ability to aid the damned in redeeming themselves rather than sending them to Hell . Under the Devil 's mocking gaze , Morgan assists his clients in undoing the damage their deals have done because of the devil shifting good luck towards the client and away from others . The series is set in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , where it was also filmed . CHUM cancelled the program after three seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Artist Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Award', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance in a TV Series ( Comedy or Drama ) - Young Actress Age Ten or Younger', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mary Jensen in Kingdom Hospital', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hospital', 'summary': "Kingdom Hospital ( sometimes known as Stephen King 's Kingdom Hospital ) is a thirteen-episode television series based on Lars von Trier 's The Kingdom ( Danish title : Riget ) , which was developed by horror writer Stephen King in 2004 for American television . While initially conceived as a miniseries , it was later changed into a regular television series ( albeit one that lasted one season ) . It was first aired on ABC on March 3 and concluded on July 15 , 2004 after being put on hold during NBA playoffs ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Genie Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Genie_Award', 'summary': 'The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980-2012 . They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards ( 1949-1978 ; also known as the Etrog Awards , for sculptor Sorel Etrog , who designed the statuette ) . Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives , based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which is distributed to Academy members and industry members . Peer-group juries , assembled from volunteer members of the Academy , meet to screen the submissions and select a group of nominees . Academy members then vote on these nominations . In 2012 , the Academy announced that the Genies would merge with its sister presentation for English-language television , the Gemini Awards , to form a new award presentation known as the Canadian Screen Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeliza-Rose in Tideland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tideland_(film)', 'summary': "Tideland is a 2005 British-Canadian neo-noir fantasy horror film co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam . It is an adaptation of Mitch Cullin 's novel of the same name . The film was shot in Regina , Saskatchewan , Canada , and the surrounding area in late 2004 . The world premiere was at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival where the film was met with mixed response from both viewers and critics . After little interest from U.S. distributors , THINKFilm picked the film up for a U.S. release date in October 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saturn Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saturn_Award', 'summary': 'The Saturn Awards are American awards presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films ; they were initially created to honor science fiction , fantasy , and horror on film , but have since grown to reward other films belonging to genre fiction , as well as films on television and home media releases . The awards were originally referred to as Golden Scrolls . The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance by a Younger Actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeliza-Rose in Tideland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tideland_(film)', 'summary': "Tideland is a 2005 British-Canadian neo-noir fantasy horror film co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam . It is an adaptation of Mitch Cullin 's novel of the same name . The film was shot in Regina , Saskatchewan , Canada , and the surrounding area in late 2004 . The world premiere was at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival where the film was met with mixed response from both viewers and critics . After little interest from U.S. distributors , THINKFilm picked the film up for a U.S. release date in October 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Artist Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Award', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance in a TV movie , miniseries , or special - Leading Young Actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hollis Woods in Pictures of Hollis Woods', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pictures_of_Hollis_Woods', 'summary': 'Pictures of Hollis Woods is a 2002 young adult novel by Patricia Reilly Giff . The novel received a Newbery Honor Award in 2003 . It was adapted for television in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CAMIE Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CAMIE_Award', 'summary': 'The CAMIE Awards , sometimes known as the CAMIEs , are awards for outstanding , uplifting films emphasizing character and morality . They are awarded annually by CAMIE Awards , Inc .'}]}, {'value': 'Lead Performance in a TV Movie , Series , or Special', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hollis Woods in Pictures of Hollis Woods', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pictures_of_Hollis_Woods', 'summary': 'Pictures of Hollis Woods is a 2002 young adult novel by Patricia Reilly Giff . The novel received a Newbery Honor Award in 2003 . It was adapted for television in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Won', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Artist Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Award', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance in a TV Movie , Miniseries or Special - Supporting Young Actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Céline in Céline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Céline', 'summary': 'Céline , sometimes spelled Celine , is a French female first name of Latin origin , coming from Caelīna , the feminine form of the Roman cognomen Caelīnus , meaning heavenly . Its equivalent in Spanish , Italian , and Portuguese is Celina . Céline was frequently chosen as a first name in honour of two Gallo-Roman saints closely associated with the beginnings of the French nation : Saint Céline of Laon , mother of St Rémy , and Saint Céline of Meaux , a companion of St Geneviève ; the feast day for both is 21 October . In addition it is notable for one of the sisters of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux , Céline Martin , who also became a nun . Céline as a single name may refer to the French writer Louis-Ferdinand Céline , author of Journey to the End of the Night .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Céline', 'summary': 'Céline , sometimes spelled Celine , is a French female first name of Latin origin , coming from Caelīna , the feminine form of the Roman cognomen Caelīnus , meaning heavenly . Its equivalent in Spanish , Italian , and Portuguese is Celina . Céline was frequently chosen as a first name in honour of two Gallo-Roman saints closely associated with the beginnings of the French nation : Saint Céline of Laon , mother of St Rémy , and Saint Céline of Meaux , a companion of St Geneviève ; the feast day for both is 21 October . In addition it is notable for one of the sisters of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux , Céline Martin , who also became a nun . Céline as a single name may refer to the French writer Louis-Ferdinand Céline , author of Journey to the End of the Night .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leo Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leo_Award', 'summary': "The Leo Awards are the awards program for the British Columbia film and television industry . Held each May or June in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , the Leo Awards were founded by the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Foundation of British Columbia in 1999 . A film festival , added in 2005 , was cancelled in 2010 . Awards categories are numerous , and include but are not exclusive to live action , animated , adult dramatic , children 's , documentary film , documentary television , feature films , short films ."}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance by a Female in a Short Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Rosie in Everything 's Coming Up Rosie", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fangoria Chainsaw Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fangoria_Chainsaw_Award', 'summary': 'The Fangoria Chainsaw Awards are an award ceremony focused on horror films and thriller films . Beginning in 1992 the awards were expanded and an annual ceremony was inaugurated to give out the awards . As of 2015 , Fangoria also delivers awards to television series .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Supporting Actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lillith Sullivan in Case 39', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Case_39', 'summary': 'Case 39 is a 2009 American supernatural psychological horror film directed by Christian Alvart , and starring Renée Zellweger , Jodelle Ferland , Bradley Cooper and Ian McShane .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saturn Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saturn_Award', 'summary': 'The Saturn Awards are American awards presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films ; they were initially created to honor science fiction , fantasy , and horror on film , but have since grown to reward other films belonging to genre fiction , as well as films on television and home media releases . The awards were originally referred to as Golden Scrolls . The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 .'}]}, {'value': 'Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Five in Dark Matter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dark_Matter_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Dark Matter is a Canadian science fiction series created by Joseph Mallozzi and Paul Mullie , based on their comic book of the same name and developed by Prodigy Pictures in association with Space channel . An order for 13 episodes was placed for the first season of the series , which premiered on June 12 , 2015 on both Space and Syfy . On September 5 , 2015 , the series was renewed for a second season . Dark Matter was renewed for a 13-episode third season in September 2016 , which premiered on June 9 , 2017 . On September 1 , 2017 , Syfy canceled the series after three seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Nominated', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Awards and nominations', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Jodelle_Ferland_3', 'intro': 'Jodelle Micah Ferland (born October 9, 1994) is a Canadian actress.'}
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Which city is the setting of the series for which Jodelle Ferland was nominated for a 2004 Leo Award ?
Vancouver
fe93952a0ff801d2
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Argentine_films_of_2000', 'title': 'List of Argentine films of 2000', 'header': ['Title', 'Director', 'Actors', 'Genre', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Acrobacias del corazón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Acrobacias_del_corazón', 'summary': 'Acrobacias del corazón ( English language : Acrobatics of the Heart ) is a 2000 Argentine romantic drama film directed , written by and starring María Teresa Constantini . Gabriel Goity and Virginia Innocenti also star .'}]}, {'value': 'María Teresa Constantini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/María_Teresa_Constantini', 'summary': 'María Teresa Costantini ( 9 October 1949 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine film actress , screenwriter and film director who has appeared in films since 1989 . Costantini directed , acted in and wrote the script for Acrobacias del Corazón in 2000 , working with actors Gabriel Goity , Alejandro Awada , Virginia Innocenti and Cecilia Dopazo . In 2009 she wrote and directed Felicitas , a film set in Buenos Aires during the 19th century and based on the story of Felicitas Guerrero de Alzaga , the most beautiful woman in Argentina according to the poet Carlos Guido Spano . Actors include Sabrina Garciarena , Gonzalo Heredia , Alejandro Awada and Luis Brandoni .'}]}, {'value': 'Gabriel Goity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gabriel_Goity', 'summary': 'Gabriel Goity ( born c. 1960 ) is an Argentine theatrical , film and television actor . He was born in the small Argentine town of El Palomar .'}]}, {'value': 'Romantic drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romantic_drama_film', 'summary': 'Romance films or romance movies are romantic love stories recorded in visual media for broadcast in theaters and on TV that focus on passion , emotion , and the affectionate romantic involvement of the main characters and the journey that their love takes them through dating , courtship or marriage . Romance films make the romantic love story or the search for strong and pure love and romance the main plot focus . Occasionally , romance lovers face obstacles such as finances , physical illness , various forms of discrimination , psychological restraints or family that threaten to break their union of love . As in all quite strong , deep , and close romantic relationships , tensions of day-to-day life , temptations ( of infidelity ) , and differences in compatibility enter into the plots of romantic films . Romantic films often explore the essential themes of love at first sight , young with older love , unrequited romantic love , obsessive love , sentimental love , spiritual love , forbidden love/romance , platonic love , sexual and passionate love , sacrificial love , explosive and destructive love , and tragic love . Romantic films serve as great escapes and fantasies for viewers , especially if the two people finally overcome their difficulties , declare their love , and experience life happily ever after , implied by a reunion and final kiss . In romantic television series , the development of such romantic relationships may play out over many episodes , and different characters may become intertwined in different romantic arcs .'}]}, {'value': "Said to be based on Constantini 's real life", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/María_Teresa_Constantini', 'summary': 'María Teresa Costantini ( 9 October 1949 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine film actress , screenwriter and film director who has appeared in films since 1989 . Costantini directed , acted in and wrote the script for Acrobacias del Corazón in 2000 , working with actors Gabriel Goity , Alejandro Awada , Virginia Innocenti and Cecilia Dopazo . In 2009 she wrote and directed Felicitas , a film set in Buenos Aires during the 19th century and based on the story of Felicitas Guerrero de Alzaga , the most beautiful woman in Argentina according to the poet Carlos Guido Spano . Actors include Sabrina Garciarena , Gonzalo Heredia , Alejandro Awada and Luis Brandoni .'}]}, {'value': 'Almejas y mejillones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almejas_y_mejillones', 'summary': 'Clams and Mussels ( Spanish : Almejas y mejillones ) is a 2000 Argentine comedy film directed and written by Marcos Carnevale based on a story by Lito Espinosa . The film starred Leticia Brédice , and Jorge Sanz'}]}, {'value': 'Marcos Carnevale', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leticia Brédice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leticia_Brédice', 'summary': 'Leticia Marcela Brédice ( born July 26 , 1975 in Buenos Aires City ) is an Argentine actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Comedy', 'summary': 'In a modern sense , comedy ( from the Greek : κωμῳδία , kōmōidía ) is a genre of fiction that refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter , especially in theatre , television , film , stand-up comedy , books and novels or any other medium of entertainment . The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece . In the Athenian democracy , the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters . The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict . Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a Society of Youth and a Society of the Old . A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes . In this struggle , the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority , and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter . Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt , thus alienating their audience from the object of their humor . Parody subverts popular genres and forms , critiquing those forms without necessarily condemning them . Other forms of comedy include screwball comedy , which derives its humor largely from bizarre , surprising ( and improbable ) situations or characters , and black comedy , which is characterized by a form of humor that includes darker aspects of human behavior or human nature . Similarly scatological humor , sexual humor , and race humor create comedy by violating social conventions or taboos in comic ways . A comedy of manners typically takes as its subject a particular part of society ( usually upper-class society ) and uses humor to parody or satirize the behavior and mannerisms of its members .'}]}, {'value': 'Gross ( est . ) €1,332,890', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Apariencias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apariencias', 'summary': 'Apariencias ( English : Appearances ) is a 2000 Argentine romantic comedy film directed by Alberto Lecchi and starring Andrea Del Boca and Adrián Suar .'}]}, {'value': 'Alberto Lecchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberto_Lecchi', 'summary': "Alberto Lecchi ( born 1954 ) is an Argentine film , screenwriter and film producer . Born in Buenos Aires , Lecchi started working in Argentine cinema in 1979 , as a second assistant director to Hugo Sofovich in the three films he directed that year . Lecchi went on to work in the 80s and early 90s along acclaimed directors , working eight times with Fernando Ayala and four times with Adolfo Aristarain . His directorial debut was in 1984 with El Sueño de Cecilia , a six-minute short , but came to prominence when he directed Ricardo Darín and Enrique Pinti in the thriller Perdido por perdido in 1993 , his first feature-length movie , and his second turn as director , after which he gave up his career as assistant director . Lecchi established himself as a prolific film director in the 90s , directing El Dedo en la Llaga ( 1996 ) , the critically acclaimed Secretos compartidos ( 1998 ) and Operación Fangio ( 1998 ) , and working with Argentine A-list actors Darío Grandinetti , Víctor Laplace , and Pinti . In 2000 , Lecchi directed the romantic comedy Apariencias , starring Adrián Suar and Andrea del Boca , as well as Nueces para el amor , which starred Gastón Pauls , Ariadna Gil and Rodrigo de la Serna . A year later he directed Déjala correr , starring Nicolás Cabré , Pablo Rago and Julieta Díaz . 2003 marked Lecchi 's third collaboration with Grandinetti , in El Juego del Arcibel . In 2004 , Lecchi directed one of the shorts presented in the anthology 18-j , a collection of 10 shorts directed by 10 highly acclaimed Argentine directors homaging the tenth anniversary of the 1994 AMIA bombing . On the same year , he created the TV series Epitafios along fellow director Jorge Nisco , a 13-episode mini-series starring Julio Chávez , Paola Krum and Cecilia Roth . It was the first original series produced by HBO and HBO Latin America . He also directed an episode of the series Mujeres asesinas in 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrea Del Boca , Adrián Suar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Del_Boca', 'summary': 'Andrea Del Boca ( born October 18 , 1965 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine and Italian telenovela actress .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Adrián_Suar', 'summary': 'Adrián Kirzner Schwartz ( born March 25 , 1968 , Queens , New York ) better known as Adrián Suar is an American-born Argentine actor , media producer and businessman , better known as the programme director of Canal 13 .'}]}, {'value': 'Romantic comedy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romantic_comedy', 'summary': 'Romantic comedy ( portmanteaus : romedy , romcom , rom-com or lovecome ) is a subgenre of comedy and slice-of-life fiction , focusing on lighthearted , humorous plot lines centered on romantic ideas , such as how true love is able to surmount most obstacles . One dictionary definition is a funny movie , play , or television program about a love story that ends happily . Another definition suggests that its primary distinguishing feature is a love plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled . Romantic comedy films are a certain genre of comedy films as well as of romance films , and may also have elements of screwball comedies . However , a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres , not a single new genre . Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies . In a typical romantic comedy the two lovers tend to be young , likeable , and seemingly meant for each other , yet they are kept apart by some complicating circumstance ( e.g. , class differences , parental interference , a previous girlfriend or boyfriend ) until , surmounting all obstacles , they are finally reunited . A fairy-tale-style happy ending is a typical feature .'}]}, {'value': 'Covers common marriage problems', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El asadito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_asadito', 'summary': 'El Asadito ( English language : ) is a 2000 Argentine black-and-white film drama directed and written by Gustavo Postiglione . The film premiered on 9 November 2000 in Buenos Aires and was nominated for two Silver Condor Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gustavo Postiglione', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerardo Dayub', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_film', 'summary': 'In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio .'}]}, {'value': 'Two Silver Condor Award Noms', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Attack of the Killer Hog', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Attack_of_the_Killer_Hog', 'summary': 'Attack of the Killer Hog is a 2000 Argentine horror film directed and written by Agustín Cavalieri and Marcos Meroni . The film premiered in December 2000 in Buenos Aires and was released also in Germany with an 18 certificate by Epix Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Agustín Cavalieri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gabriel Grieco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horror', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Horror_film', 'summary': "A horror film is a film that seeks to elicit fear for entertainment purposes . Initially inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe , Bram Stoker , and Mary Shelley , horror has existed as a film genre for more than a century . The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes . Horror may also overlap with the fantasy , supernatural fiction , and thriller genres . Horror films often aim to evoke viewers ' nightmares , fears , revulsions and terror of the unknown . Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force , event , or personage into the everyday world . Prevalent elements include ghosts , extraterrestrials , vampires , werewolves , demons , Satanism , evil clowns , gore , torture , vicious animals , evil witches , monsters , giant monsters , zombies , cannibalism , psychopaths , natural , ecological or man-made disasters , and serial killers . Some sub-genres of horror film include low-budget horror , action horror , comedy horror , body horror , disaster horror , found footage , holiday horror , horror drama , psychological horror , science fiction horror , slasher , supernatural horror , gothic horror , natural horror , zombie horror , and teen horror ."}]}, {'value': 'Released in Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Las aventuras de Dios', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_aventuras_de_Dios', 'summary': 'The Adventures of God ( Spanish : Las Aventuras de Dios ) is a 2000 Argentine fantasy drama film directed and written by Eliseo Subiela . The film premiered on 1 September 2000 in Canada . Starring Daniel Freire .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliseo Subiela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eliseo_Subiela', 'summary': "Eliseo Alberto Subiela ( December 27 , 1944 - December 25 , 2016 ) was an Argentine film director and writer . His works are considered to be in the 'magic realism ' genre . [ citation needed ] Subiela was the father of actress , Guadalupe Subiela ( who acted in her father 's film , Pequeños Milagros ) . He has won and been nominated for awards at the Toronto , Montreal , Berlin , Istanbul and Havana film festivals , among others ."}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Freire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Freire', 'summary': 'Daniel Freire ( born 29 December 1961 , in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine film actor . He entered film in 1993 in Un Muro de silencio and has appeared in over 15 films including Las Aventuras de Dios 2000 in which he portrayed Jesus Christ and Arizona Sur in 2004 . In 2005 he appeared in 27 episodes of the Spanish TV series Motivos personales . He has lived in Spain since 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'Fantasy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fantasy', 'summary': 'Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction set in a fictional universe , often inspired by real world myth and folklore . Its roots are in oral traditions , which then became fantasy literature and drama . From the twentieth century it has expanded further into various media , including film , television , graphic novels , manga and video games . Fantasy is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes respectively , though these genres overlap . In popular culture , the fantasy genre predominantly features settings of a medieval nature . In its broadest sense , however , fantasy consists of works by many writers , artists , filmmakers , and musicians from ancient myths and legends to many recent and popular works .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buenos Aires plateada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buenos_Aires_plateada', 'summary': 'Buenos Aires plateada ( English language : Silver-Plated Buenos Aires ) is a 2000 Argentine black-and-white film drama directed and written by Luis Barone with Luis Alberto Asurey . The film premiered on October 5 , 2000 in Buenos Aires .'}]}, {'value': 'Luis Barone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis Luque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Luque', 'summary': 'Luis Luque ( born 1956 ) is an Argentine film and television actor . He has made over 40 appearances in film and television in Argentina since 1982 , when he appeared in Aprender a vivir . Many of his films have received critical acclaim , including Corazón iluminado ( 1996 ) , Buenos Aires plateada , and Cacería ( 2002 ) , in which he played the lead role of Daniel . In 2004 he appeared as himself in 18-j .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_film', 'summary': 'In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio .'}]}, {'value': 'Shot in black and white', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Botín de guerra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botín_de_guerra', 'summary': 'Botín de guerra ( English : Spoils of War ) is a 2000 Argentine documentary film directed and written by David Blaustein with Luis Alberto Asurey . The film premiered on 11 April 2000 in Buenos Aires . David Blaustein won two awards for Best Director and a 2nd and 3rd .'}]}, {'value': 'David Blaustein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Blaustein', 'summary': "David Blaustein is a former entertainment correspondent and movie critic for ABC News Radio and frequent contributor to ABC News Now . Blaustein attended Buffalo State College at which time he landed his first professional radio job with WWKB-AM as a board operator and talk radio producer . While at WWKB-AM , he was offered his first professional on-air gig as a lifestyles reporter for WWKB 's sister station , WKSE-FM ( KISS 98.5 ) . Blaustein continued to attend college full-time , work at both radio stations and create and co-host a popular talk show on the campus radio station , WBNY-FM , called Misinformation . Mr. Blaustein 's co-host was novelist Micah Nathan , author of Simon and Schuster 's Gods of Aberdeen . Blaustein once served as a radio Producer for Alan Colmes of the Fox News Channel 's Hannity and Colmes , and nationally syndicated radio personality Barry Farber . Blaustein has conducted countless celebrity interviews , broken several major entertainment stories , covered the red carpet at the Oscars and has written and produced nearly 20 one-hour entertainment related radio specials . On August 14 , 2008 an interview Blaustein conducted with actor Ernest Borgnine was quoted in the Page Six column of the New York Post . Blaustein 's work was heard on ABC News Radio affiliates around the United States ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Documentary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Documentary_film', 'summary': 'A documentary film is a non-fictional , motion picture intended to document reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record . Documentary has been described as a filmmaking practice , a cinematic tradition , and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries . Documentary films were originally called actuality films , and were one minute , or less , in length . Over time , documentaries have evolved to be longer in length , and to include more categories ; some examples being : educational , observational , and docufiction . Documentaries are meant to be informative works , and are often used within schools , as a resource to teach various principles . Social media platforms , such as YouTube , have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre ; These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility ; thereby , enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers , and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information .'}]}, {'value': "A documentary about Argentina 's Dirty war", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dirty_war', 'summary': "The Dirty War ( Spanish : Época del Proceso or Época de los desaparecidos ) is the name used by the military junta or civic-military dictatorship of Argentina ( Spanish : dictadura cívico-militar de Argentina ) for the period of United States-backed state terrorism in Argentina from 1976 to 1983 as a part of Operation Condor , during which military and security forces and right-wing death squads in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance ( AAA , or Triple A ) hunted down any political dissidents and anyone believed to be associated with socialism , left-wing Peronism or the Montoneros movement . Between 9,000 and 30,000 people disappeared , of whom many were impossible to report formally due to the nature of state terrorism . The excuse for the Coup d'État was the armed actions of the Montoneros and the ERP , but the actual targets of the Operation Condor were students , militants , trade unionists , writers , journalists , artists and any citizens suspected to be left-wing activists , including Peronist guerrillas . The disappeared ( victims kidnapped , tortured and murdered whose bodies were disappeared by the military government ) included those thought to be politically or ideologically a threat to the junta even vaguely , or contrary to the neoliberal economic policies dictated by Operation Condor . They were killed in an attempt by the junta to silence the social and political opposition . Many members of the junta are currently in prison for crimes against humanity and genocide ."}]}, {'value': 'Cóndor Crux , la leyenda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cóndor_Crux,_la_leyenda', 'summary': 'Cóndor Crux , la leyenda ( English : Condor Crux , the Legend ) is a 2000 Argentine animated adventure film written and directed by Juan Pablo Buscarini and Swan Glecer . The film premiered on 6 January 2000 in Buenos Aires . The film won a Silver Condor for Best Animated film .'}]}, {'value': 'José Luis Garci', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Luis_Garci', 'summary': "José Luis García Muñoz ( born 20 January 1944 ) , known professionally as José Luis Garci , is a Spanish director , producer , critic , TV presenter , screenwriter and author . He earned worldwide acclaim and his country 's first Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award for Begin the Beguine ( 1982 ) . Four of his films , including also Sesión continua ( 1984 ) , Asignatura aprobada ( 1987 ) and El abuelo ( 1998 ) , have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , more than any other Spanish director . His films are characterized for his classical style and the underlying sentimentality of their plots ."}]}, {'value': 'Leticia Brédice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leticia_Brédice', 'summary': 'Leticia Marcela Brédice ( born July 26 , 1975 in Buenos Aires City ) is an Argentine actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Adventure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adventure_film', 'summary': 'Adventure films are a genre of film that typically use their action scenes to display and explore exotic locations in an energetic way . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Won a Silver Condor for best animated film', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silver_Condor', 'summary': "The Argentine Film Critics Association ( Spanish : Asociación de Cronistas Cinematográficos de la Argentina ) is an organization of Argentine-based journalists and correspondents . The association presents the Silver Condor Awards ( Premios Cóndor de Plata ) honoring achievements in Argentine cinema . The awards are considered Argentina 's equivalent of the Academy Awards . The association was organized on July 10 , 1942 and the annual awards have been given since 1943 , with breaks in between . The Argentine Film Critics Association is a member of the International Federation of Film Critics , also known as FIPRESCI ."}]}, {'value': 'Nueve reinas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nueve_reinas', 'summary': 'Nine Queens ( Spanish : Nueve reinas ) is a 2000 Argentine crime drama film written and directed by Fabián Bielinsky and starring Ricardo Darín , Gastón Pauls , Leticia Brédice , Tomás Fonzi and Alejandro Awada . The story centers on two con artists who meet and decide to cooperate in a major scam . The film was nominated for 28 awards and won 21 of them , and is now considered a classic in Argentine film history .'}]}, {'value': 'Fabián Bielinsky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fabián_Bielinsky', 'summary': "Fabián Bielinsky ( 3 February 1959 - 28 June 2006 ) was an Argentine film director born in Buenos Aires . He started to make films early in life , while still a high school student in the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires . After graduation he started studying psychology , a career he pursued for a short time before dropping out in favor of enrolling in the Centro de Experimentacion y Realizacion Cinematografica ( CERC , actually ENERC , INCAA 's film school ) , from which he graduated in 1983 with a short film called La espera , based on a story by Jorge Luis Borges . He directed his first film , Nine Queens ( Spanish : Nueve reinas ) in 2000 , and the second one , El aura , in 2005 , which he was going to present in Edinburgh , at the International Film Festival , a month later . Both films starred Ricardo Darín in the lead role . Bielinsky died from a heart attack while in São Paulo , Brazil , casting for an advertisement ."}]}, {'value': 'Gastón Pauls , Ricardo Darín L.Brédice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gastón_Pauls', 'summary': 'Gastón Pauls ( born January 17 , 1972 ) is an Argentine actor , TV host and producer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ricardo_Darín', 'summary': 'Ricardo Alberto Darín ( born January 16 , 1957 ) is an Argentine actor , screenwriter and film director widely considered as one of the best and most prolific actors of Argentine cinema . Considered one of the greatest and most acclaimed movie stars of his country , he played a number of parts in TV series for several years where he became popular as a young leading actor . His most prominent roles as a film actor include Nine Queens ( 2000 ) , El hijo de la novia ( 2001 ) , Luna de Avellaneda ( 2004 ) , The Aura ( 2005 ) and La señal ( 2007 ) , which was also his directorial debut . He starred in the Academy Award winning film for Best Foreign Picture The Secret in Their Eyes ( 2009 ) . In 2011 , the Konex Foundation bestowed upon him their Diamond Award , one of the most prestigious awards in Argentina , for being the most important personality in entertainment in the last decade in his country . In 2015 , he received the Goya Award for Best Actor for the film Truman .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leticia_Brédice', 'summary': 'Leticia Marcela Brédice ( born July 26 , 1975 in Buenos Aires City ) is an Argentine actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Crime film', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crime_film', 'summary': 'Crime films , in the broadest sense , are a cinematic genre inspired by and analogous to the crime fiction literary genre . Films of this genre generally involve various aspects of crime and its detection . Stylistically , the genre may overlap and combine with many other genres , such as drama or gangster film , but also include comedy , and , in turn , is divided into many sub-genres , such as mystery , suspense or noir .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Que absurdo es haber crecido', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Que_absurdo_es_haber_crecido', 'summary': 'A list of films produced in Argentina in 2000 :'}]}, {'value': 'Roly Santos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gustavo Garzón , Leo Masliah Victoria de Elizalde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Garzón', 'summary': 'Gustavo Garzón ( born May 25 , 1955 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine film and television actor . He works in the cinema of Argentina .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leo_Masliah', 'summary': 'Leo Maslíah ( born 1954 ) is a Uruguayan musician , humorist and writer . Born in 1954 in Montevideo , he started writing and composing in 1978 , usually with a touch of humour . After a considerable success in the Uruguayan underground movement , he successfully disembarked in Buenos Aires , Argentina in 1982 . He slowly gained popularity , had concerts in Chile , Peru , Cuba , Brazil , Paraguay and Spain among others . His music resists classification . It results from an original mix of personal experiments , popular music , classical composition - including electroacoustic materials - and jazz . He often bases his pieces on the minimalistic repetition of short elements . His lyrics include frequent puns . Overall , his production adopts a tone both ironic and critical , always intelligent and witty , sometimes nihilistic . He recorded more than 40 albums , most of them released in Uruguay and Argentina . In 2003 his opera Maldoror was performed in the Teatro Colón . He also wrote over 40 books with novels , short stories and plays .'}]}, {'value': 'Drama film', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_film', 'summary': 'In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2000', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Argentine_films_of_2000_0', 'intro': 'A list of films produced in Argentina in 2000:'}
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what is the genre of the film by the director born 20 January 1944 ?
Adventure
fe953517b17ce2aa
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Open_(swimming)', 'title': 'U.S. Open (swimming)', 'header': ['Event', 'Time', 'Name', 'Club', 'Date', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': '50m freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24.43', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simone Manuel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simone_Manuel', 'summary': "Simone Ashley Manuel ( born August 2 , 1996 ) is an American competition swimmer specializing in sprint freestyle . At the 2016 Rio Olympics , she won two gold and two silver medals : gold in the 100-meter freestyle and the 4x100-meter medley , and silver in the 50-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . In winning the 100-meter freestyle , a tie with Penny Oleksiak of Canada , Manuel became the first African-American woman to win an individual Olympic gold in swimming and set an Olympic record and an American record . Manuel also holds three world records as a member of a relay team , and she is a six-time individual NCAA Division I Women 's Swimming and Diving Championships champion , becoming one of the first three African American women to place in the top three spots in the 100-yard freestyle event in any Division I NCAA Swimming Championship . From 2014 to 2018 , she attended Stanford University , where she swam for the Stanford Cardinal and helped Stanford win the NCAA team championship in women 's swimming and diving in 2017 and 2018 . She turned pro in July 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alto Swim Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '100m freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.42', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erika Brown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '200m freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:56.24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katie Ledecky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katie_Ledecky', 'summary': "Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky ( /ləˈdɛki/ ; Czech pronunciation : [ ˈlɛdɛtskiː ] ; born March 17 , 1997 ) is an American competitive swimmer . She has won five Olympic gold medals and 15 world championship gold medals , the most in history for a female swimmer . She is the current world record holder in the women 's 400- , 800- , and 1500-meter freestyle ( long course ) . She also holds the fastest-ever times in the women 's 500- , 1000- , and 1650-yard freestyle events . In her international debut at the 2012 London Olympic Games as a 15-year-old , Ledecky unexpectedly won the gold medal in the women 's 800-metre freestyle . Four years later , she left Rio de Janeiro as the most decorated female athlete of the 2016 Olympic Games with four gold medals , one silver medal , and two world records . In total , she has won 34 medals ( 28 golds , 5 silvers , and 1 bronze ) in major international competitions , spanning the Summer Olympics , World Championships , and Pan Pacific Championships . During her career , she has broken fourteen world records . Ledecky 's success has earned her Swimming World 's Female World Swimmer of the Year a record-breaking five times . Ledecky was also named Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 2017 , international female Champion of Champions by L'Équipe in 2014 and 2017 , United States Olympic Committee Female Athlete of the Year in 2013 , 2016 and 2017 , and Sportswoman of the Year by the Women 's Sports Foundation in 2017 . Ledecky 's 11 individual gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships and 15 combined individual titles at the Olympics and World Aquatics Championships are records in women 's swimming ."}]}, {'value': "Nation 's Capital Swim Club", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Nation's_Capital_Swim_Club", 'summary': "The Nation 's Capital Swim Club ( NCAP ) is a swim club in the DC , Maryland , Virginia area . The club was created in 1978 as the Curl-Burke Swim Club . It changed its name to NCAP in September 2012 . In 2016 USA Swimming ranked it the top club in the nation as part of its USA Swimming Club Excellence program . It has produced a number of Olympic medalists including Tom Dolan and Katie Ledecky ."}]}, {'value': '6 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '400m freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4:00.81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katie Ledecky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katie_Ledecky', 'summary': "Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky ( /ləˈdɛki/ ; Czech pronunciation : [ ˈlɛdɛtskiː ] ; born March 17 , 1997 ) is an American competitive swimmer . She has won five Olympic gold medals and 15 world championship gold medals , the most in history for a female swimmer . She is the current world record holder in the women 's 400- , 800- , and 1500-meter freestyle ( long course ) . She also holds the fastest-ever times in the women 's 500- , 1000- , and 1650-yard freestyle events . In her international debut at the 2012 London Olympic Games as a 15-year-old , Ledecky unexpectedly won the gold medal in the women 's 800-metre freestyle . Four years later , she left Rio de Janeiro as the most decorated female athlete of the 2016 Olympic Games with four gold medals , one silver medal , and two world records . In total , she has won 34 medals ( 28 golds , 5 silvers , and 1 bronze ) in major international competitions , spanning the Summer Olympics , World Championships , and Pan Pacific Championships . During her career , she has broken fourteen world records . Ledecky 's success has earned her Swimming World 's Female World Swimmer of the Year a record-breaking five times . Ledecky was also named Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 2017 , international female Champion of Champions by L'Équipe in 2014 and 2017 , United States Olympic Committee Female Athlete of the Year in 2013 , 2016 and 2017 , and Sportswoman of the Year by the Women 's Sports Foundation in 2017 . Ledecky 's 11 individual gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships and 15 combined individual titles at the Olympics and World Aquatics Championships are records in women 's swimming ."}]}, {'value': "Nation 's Capital Swim Club", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Nation's_Capital_Swim_Club", 'summary': "The Nation 's Capital Swim Club ( NCAP ) is a swim club in the DC , Maryland , Virginia area . The club was created in 1978 as the Curl-Burke Swim Club . It changed its name to NCAP in September 2012 . In 2016 USA Swimming ranked it the top club in the nation as part of its USA Swimming Club Excellence program . It has produced a number of Olympic medalists including Tom Dolan and Katie Ledecky ."}]}, {'value': '5 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '800m freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8:24.36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephanie Peacock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephanie_Peacock', 'summary': 'Stephanie Louise Peacock ( born 19 December 1986 ) is a British Labour Party politician and former trade union official . She became the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Barnsley East at the 2017 general election . She retained her seat in 2019 general election , with significantly reduced majority than in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Swim Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 August 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indianapolis , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis', 'summary': "Indianapolis ( /ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ ) , often shortened to Indy , is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County . According to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 876,862 . The balance population , which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County , was 867,125 . It is the 17th most populous city in the U.S . The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. , with 2,048,703 residents . Its combined statistical area ranks 28th , with a population of 2,431,361 . Indianapolis covers 368 square miles ( 950 km2 ) , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to approximately 2000 BC . In 1818 , the Delaware relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Mary 's . In 1821 , Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana 's state government . The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile ( 2.6 km2 ) grid next to the White River . Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city 's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub . Two of the city 's nicknames reflect its historical ties to transportation - the Crossroads of America and Railroad City ."}]}, {'value': '1500m freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15:35.98', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katie Ledecky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katie_Ledecky', 'summary': "Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky ( /ləˈdɛki/ ; Czech pronunciation : [ ˈlɛdɛtskiː ] ; born March 17 , 1997 ) is an American competitive swimmer . She has won five Olympic gold medals and 15 world championship gold medals , the most in history for a female swimmer . She is the current world record holder in the women 's 400- , 800- , and 1500-meter freestyle ( long course ) . She also holds the fastest-ever times in the women 's 500- , 1000- , and 1650-yard freestyle events . In her international debut at the 2012 London Olympic Games as a 15-year-old , Ledecky unexpectedly won the gold medal in the women 's 800-metre freestyle . Four years later , she left Rio de Janeiro as the most decorated female athlete of the 2016 Olympic Games with four gold medals , one silver medal , and two world records . In total , she has won 34 medals ( 28 golds , 5 silvers , and 1 bronze ) in major international competitions , spanning the Summer Olympics , World Championships , and Pan Pacific Championships . During her career , she has broken fourteen world records . Ledecky 's success has earned her Swimming World 's Female World Swimmer of the Year a record-breaking five times . Ledecky was also named Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year in 2017 , international female Champion of Champions by L'Équipe in 2014 and 2017 , United States Olympic Committee Female Athlete of the Year in 2013 , 2016 and 2017 , and Sportswoman of the Year by the Women 's Sports Foundation in 2017 . Ledecky 's 11 individual gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships and 15 combined individual titles at the Olympics and World Aquatics Championships are records in women 's swimming ."}]}, {'value': "Nation 's Capital Swim Club", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Nation's_Capital_Swim_Club", 'summary': "The Nation 's Capital Swim Club ( NCAP ) is a swim club in the DC , Maryland , Virginia area . The club was created in 1978 as the Curl-Burke Swim Club . It changed its name to NCAP in September 2012 . In 2016 USA Swimming ranked it the top club in the nation as part of its USA Swimming Club Excellence program . It has produced a number of Olympic medalists including Tom Dolan and Katie Ledecky ."}]}, {'value': '7 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '100m backstroke', 'urls': []}, {'value': '58.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phoebe Bacon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoebe_Bacon', 'summary': 'Phoebe Bacon ( born August 12 , 2002 ) is an American swimmer . She currently holds the 5th fastest 100m ( long course ) Backstroke swim in the world for the 2019 calendar year , and was a member of the gold-medal winning 4x100m medley relay team at the 2019 Pan American Games . She also won three gold medals at the 2018 Junior Pan Pacific Championships , and was a gold medalist in the 100m back at 2019 Pan American Games . Additionally , she was a gold medalist in the 100m back at the 2019 Toyota U.S. Open , beating the world record holding Regan Smith .'}]}, {'value': "Nation 's Capital Swim Club", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Nation's_Capital_Swim_Club", 'summary': "The Nation 's Capital Swim Club ( NCAP ) is a swim club in the DC , Maryland , Virginia area . The club was created in 1978 as the Curl-Burke Swim Club . It changed its name to NCAP in September 2012 . In 2016 USA Swimming ranked it the top club in the nation as part of its USA Swimming Club Excellence program . It has produced a number of Olympic medalists including Tom Dolan and Katie Ledecky ."}]}, {'value': '6 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '200m backstroke', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:08.42', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hayley McGregory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hayley_McGregory', 'summary': 'Hayley McGregory ( born January 13 , 1986 ) is an English-born American competition swimmer . She is a former world-record holder in the 50 and 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) , and is the first woman to break a world record held by Natalie Coughlin in the 100 Backstroke .'}]}, {'value': 'Longhorn Aquatics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 July 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minneapolis', 'summary': "Minneapolis ( /ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs/ ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Hennepin County and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2018 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States , with an estimated population of 425,403 . The Twin Cities metropolitan area consists of Minneapolis , its neighbor Saint Paul and suburbs which altogether contain about 3.63 million people , and is the third-largest economic and population center in the Midwest . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with 13 lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls ; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle . Minneapolis is home to five Fortune 500 companies , and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States . Minneapolis has one of the highest percentages of LGBT populations in the U.S . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes , producing artists such as Lizzo , Brother Ali , Atmosphere , and Dessa ."}]}, {'value': '100m breaststroke', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:04.45', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Hardy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Hardy', 'summary': 'Jessica Adele Hardy ( born March 12 , 1987 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in breaststroke and freestyle events . Hardy earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relays at the 2012 Summer Olympics . She has won a total of twenty-eight medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , nine silver , and five bronze spanning the Olympics , World and the Pan Pacific Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Trojan Swimming Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Federal Way , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federal_Way,_Washington', 'summary': "Federal Way is a city in King County , Washington , United States . It is a city within the Seattle metropolitan area . The population was 89,306 at the 2010 census and an estimated 97,044 in 2018 . Federal Way is the tenth largest city in Washington and the fifth largest in King County , according to the Census Bureau 's 2018 population estimate ."}]}, {'value': '200m breaststroke', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:22.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emily Escobedo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Condors Swim Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '100m butterfly', 'urls': []}, {'value': '57.48', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Torri Huske', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arlington Aquatic Club', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '200m butterfly', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:07.20', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Susie O'Neill", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Susie_O'Neill", 'summary': "Susan O'Neill , AM ( born 2 August 1973 ) is an Australian former competitive swimmer from Brisbane , Queensland , nicknamed Madame Butterfly . She achieved eight Olympic Games medals during her swimming career ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Antonio , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Antonio', 'summary': "San Antonio ( /ˌsæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ/ ; from Spanish , Saint Anthony , Spanish pronunciation : [ sa.n‿anˈto.njo ] ) , officially the City of San Antonio , is the seventh-most populous city in the United States , and the second-most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States , with more than 1.5 million residents . Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718 , the city became the first chartered civil settlement in present-day Texas in 1731 . The area was still part of the Spanish Empire , and later of the Mexican Republic . It is the state 's oldest municipality , having celebrated its 300th anniversary on May 1 , 2018 . The city 's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth over the past few decades . It was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010 , and the second from 1990 to 2000 . Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas , San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the Texas Triangle . The Greater San Antonio and Greater Austin areas are separated from each other by 80 miles along Interstate 35 between which lie the city of New Braunfels , Texas . San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County ; San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area . Commonly called Greater San Antonio , the metro area has a population of 2,473,974 based on the 2017 U.S. census estimate , making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in Texas . San Antonio was named by a 1691 Spanish expedition for Saint Anthony of Padua , whose feast day is June 13 . The city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions , including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park , which together were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '200m individual medley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:08.84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melanie Margalis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melanie_Margalis', 'summary': 'Melanie Margalis ( born December 30 , 1991 ) is an American competitive swimmer who specializes in the freestyle , breaststroke and individual medley events .'}]}, {'value': 'Saint Petersburg Aquatics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '400m individual medley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4:37.34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melanie Margalis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melanie_Margalis', 'summary': 'Melanie Margalis ( born December 30 , 1991 ) is an American competitive swimmer who specializes in the freestyle , breaststroke and individual medley events .'}]}, {'value': 'Saint Petersburg Aquatics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 December 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlanta , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '4×100m freestyle relay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:42.38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( 55.80 ) Kelly Stubbins ( 55.27 ) Yolane Kukla ( 56.12 ) Madeline Groves ( 55.19 ) Mikkayla Sheridan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yolane_Kukla', 'summary': 'Yolane Nicole Kukla ( born 29 September 1995 ) is an Australian butterfly and freestyle swimmer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Madeline_Groves', 'summary': 'Madeline Groves ( born 25 May 1995 ) is an Australian competitive swimmer . She was the Australian national champion in the 200 m butterfly event in 2013 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 . At the 2014 Commonwealth Games she was a bronze medallist in the 200 m butterfly event , and swam in the heats for the gold medal-winning Australian freestyle relay team . She was selected to represent Australia in the 100 m and 200 m butterfly , and 4 × 200 m freestyle relay events at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mikkayla_Sheridan', 'summary': "Mikkayla Sheridan ( born 20 January 1995 ) is an Australian swimmer . She won gold in the women 's 4×200 m freestyle event at the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 July 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irvine , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irvine,_California', 'summary': "Irvine ( /ˈɜːrvaɪn/ ) is a master-planned city in Orange County , California , United States in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28 , 1971 . The 66-square-mile ( 170 km2 ) city had a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census ; in 2018 the California Department of Finance estimated the city 's population at 276,176 . A number of corporations , particularly in the technology and semiconductor sectors , have their national or international headquarters in Irvine . Irvine is also home to several higher education institutions including the University of California , Irvine ( UCI ) , Concordia University , Irvine Valley College , the Orange County Center of the University of Southern California ( USC ) , and campuses of California State University Fullerton ( CSUF ) , University of La Verne , and Pepperdine University ."}]}, {'value': '4×200m freestyle relay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8:00.84', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( 2:00.56 ) Sarah Denninghoff ( 1:58.43 ) Quinn Carrozza ( 2:00.89 ) Alexandra Hooper ( 2:00.96 ) Samantha Tucker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Longhorn Aquatics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 August 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irvine , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irvine,_California', 'summary': "Irvine ( /ˈɜːrvaɪn/ ) is a master-planned city in Orange County , California , United States in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28 , 1971 . The 66-square-mile ( 170 km2 ) city had a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census ; in 2018 the California Department of Finance estimated the city 's population at 276,176 . A number of corporations , particularly in the technology and semiconductor sectors , have their national or international headquarters in Irvine . Irvine is also home to several higher education institutions including the University of California , Irvine ( UCI ) , Concordia University , Irvine Valley College , the Orange County Center of the University of Southern California ( USC ) , and campuses of California State University Fullerton ( CSUF ) , University of La Verne , and Pepperdine University ."}]}, {'value': '4×100m medley relay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4:04.64', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( 1:01.76 ) Haley Baker ( 1:07.43 ) Leiston Pickett ( 1:00.56 ) Christina Licciardi ( 54.89 ) Yolane Kukla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leiston_Pickett', 'summary': 'Leiston Jane Pickett ( born 6 February 1992 ) is an Australian Commonwealth Games gold medalist swimmer . A participant in the 2010 Commonwealth Games , Pickett won the 50-metre breaststroke ahead of fellow Australian Leisel Jones . She attended A.B . Paterson College and graduated in 2009 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yolane_Kukla', 'summary': 'Yolane Nicole Kukla ( born 29 September 1995 ) is an Australian butterfly and freestyle swimmer .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 August 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irvine , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irvine,_California', 'summary': "Irvine ( /ˈɜːrvaɪn/ ) is a master-planned city in Orange County , California , United States in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28 , 1971 . The 66-square-mile ( 170 km2 ) city had a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census ; in 2018 the California Department of Finance estimated the city 's population at 276,176 . A number of corporations , particularly in the technology and semiconductor sectors , have their national or international headquarters in Irvine . Irvine is also home to several higher education institutions including the University of California , Irvine ( UCI ) , Concordia University , Irvine Valley College , the Orange County Center of the University of Southern California ( USC ) , and campuses of California State University Fullerton ( CSUF ) , University of La Verne , and Pepperdine University ."}]}], 'section_title': 'U.S. Open records -- Women', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'U.S._Open_(swimming)_1', 'intro': "The U.S. Open Swimming Championships, or U.S. Open, is a championship meet organized by USA Swimming which is open to international teams/swimmers. It was first held in 1985, and was held annually in December through 2006. Beginning in 2007, the meet's first-weekend-of-December timing was given over to the resurrected USA Short Course Nationals, and the U.S. Open moved to being held on an as-needed basis (generally in years where the USA championship that is swum is closed or partially closed to foreign swimmers). Since 2007, the meet has been held in early August, in years where the U.S. Nationals are not held in August. The meet is traditionally a long course (50m) meet, although twice has been swum short course meters (25m): in 1996 and in 1998 (the latter where it immediately followed a FINA Swimming World Cup meet)."}
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Which person was a politician and a member of parliament with a location with a population of 2,431,361 ?
Stephanie Peacock
fe955e197dd2905c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Belgium', 'title': 'List of newspapers in Belgium', 'header': ['Newspaper', 'Language', 'Owner', 'Website', 'Av . dist . ( 2011 )'], 'data': [{'value': 'The Brussels Times', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Brussels_Times', 'summary': "The Brussels Times is an English-language Belgian news website and magazine , headquartered at Avenue Louise in Brussels . The Brussels Times is aimed at EU officials , researchers , development professionals and diplomats based in Belgium . Established in 1969 [ citation needed ] , The Brussels Times is today Belgiums largest [ citation needed ] English-language news website . It provides expats , foreigners and Belgians with Belgian news , EU affairs and opinion pieces . It has no political affiliation and aims to present the news fairly and offer a wide range of analysis and opinion pieces , both local and global . It also publishes a bi-monthly print magazine , which is distributed free in the European Commission , European Parliament , over 150 embassies and many representations to the EU , as well as inside more than 10,000 hotel rooms in Belgium , many of which are in Brussels . It is also sold at most bookstores and newsagents around the city . The Brussels Times covers the whole of Belgium but focuses on Brussels and the city 's art , culture , business and EU affairs . Each cover of the magazine issue features an illustration by famous Belgian cartoonist Lectrr , who lives in Ghent ; his cartoons also feature throughout the magazine . The Brussels Times magazine has four regular sections : Glocal Affairs , Poliaesthetica ( reviews of art shows in Brussels and beyond ) , Philosophy/Culture/History and Lifestyle . In the Lifestyle section , Hughes Belin provides the first ever gastronomic guide to Brussels European Quarter . Derek Blyth provides the Hidden Secrets column , he picks out his ten favourite hidden secrets in each issue of the magazine ."}]}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Brussels Times', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Brussels_Times', 'summary': "The Brussels Times is an English-language Belgian news website and magazine , headquartered at Avenue Louise in Brussels . The Brussels Times is aimed at EU officials , researchers , development professionals and diplomats based in Belgium . Established in 1969 [ citation needed ] , The Brussels Times is today Belgiums largest [ citation needed ] English-language news website . It provides expats , foreigners and Belgians with Belgian news , EU affairs and opinion pieces . It has no political affiliation and aims to present the news fairly and offer a wide range of analysis and opinion pieces , both local and global . It also publishes a bi-monthly print magazine , which is distributed free in the European Commission , European Parliament , over 150 embassies and many representations to the EU , as well as inside more than 10,000 hotel rooms in Belgium , many of which are in Brussels . It is also sold at most bookstores and newsagents around the city . The Brussels Times covers the whole of Belgium but focuses on Brussels and the city 's art , culture , business and EU affairs . Each cover of the magazine issue features an illustration by famous Belgian cartoonist Lectrr , who lives in Ghent ; his cartoons also feature throughout the magazine . The Brussels Times magazine has four regular sections : Glocal Affairs , Poliaesthetica ( reviews of art shows in Brussels and beyond ) , Philosophy/Culture/History and Lifestyle . In the Lifestyle section , Hughes Belin provides the first ever gastronomic guide to Brussels European Quarter . Derek Blyth provides the Hidden Secrets column , he picks out his ten favourite hidden secrets in each issue of the magazine ."}]}, {'value': 'brusselstimes.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Het Belang van Limburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Het_Belang_van_Limburg', 'summary': 'Het Belang van Limburg ( Dutch ; literally The Interest of Limburg ) is a Dutch language regional newspaper in Belgium .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concentra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concentra', 'summary': "Concentra Inc. , is a national health care company founded in 1979 in Amarillo , Texas . The company is headquartered in Addison , Texas and operates more than 520 urgent care centers in 44 states . Concentra has more than 1,000 affiliated physicians and 1,285 physical therapists . Concentra also provides a range of health improvement solutions to employers , and operates more than 100 employer onsite medical facilities . The company 's primary focuses are occupational health , physical therapy , and urgent care ."}]}, {'value': 'hbvl.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100,113', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gazet van Antwerpen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gazet_van_Antwerpen', 'summary': 'The Gazet van Antwerpen ( Antwerp Gazette , popularly named De Frut , sour head cheese ) is a Belgian newspaper in Antwerp and Flanders , published by Concentra .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concentra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concentra', 'summary': "Concentra Inc. , is a national health care company founded in 1979 in Amarillo , Texas . The company is headquartered in Addison , Texas and operates more than 520 urgent care centers in 44 states . Concentra has more than 1,000 affiliated physicians and 1,285 physical therapists . Concentra also provides a range of health improvement solutions to employers , and operates more than 100 employer onsite medical facilities . The company 's primary focuses are occupational health , physical therapy , and urgent care ."}]}, {'value': 'gva.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101,559', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Het Laatste Nieuws', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Het_Laatste_Nieuws', 'summary': 'Het Laatste Nieuws ( in English The Latest News ) is a Dutch language newspaper based in Antwerp , Belgium . It was founded by Julius Hoste Sr. on 7 June 1888 . It is now part of DPG Media , and is the most popular newspaper in Flanders and Belgium .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Persgroep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Persgroep', 'summary': 'DPG Media is a Belgian publishing company that owns media assets in Belgium , Denmark , and the Netherlands . The firm is owned by the Van Thillo family .'}]}, {'value': 'hln.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '288,898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro_(Belgian_newspaper)', 'summary': "Metro is a free newspaper in Belgium , distributed on working days and aiming in particular at 18- to 44-year-old urban , active , mobile students and commuters . Separate Dutch and French-language versions , each with its own content , are according to the area 's language ( s ) available in railway stations , subway stations , universities , etc . from dedicated stands that have the colour of the paper 's header : blue for Dutch and green for French for easy recognition , especially where both occur . The publisher is N.V. Mass Transit Media , located in the centre of the City of Brussels . The legal publisher is the company 's General Manager Monique Raafels with an address in Antwerp . Its chief editor ( Content Director ) is Stefan Van Reeth . In the period of 2001-2002 the paper had a circulation of 200,000 copies . On an ordinary Thursday , 10 May 2007 , its 1,455th issue in Dutch version as always mentioned the number of prints , which was 265,000 . Having over 800,000 readers , it claims to be the second largest newspaper of the country . It has an online presence , https : //www.metrotime.be where along breaking news and entertainment , a complete online version of the newspaper is available in PDF format as well as a slightly simpler layout in ordinary HTML . Metro 's revenue comes from advertising . Its news sources are mainly the longstanding Belgian press agency Belga , Associated Press ( AP ) , and Agence France-Presse ( AFP ) ; the legal rights to its pictures are with Belga and AP ( unless otherwise specified ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mass Transit Media', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'metrotime.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '130,968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Morgen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Morgen', 'summary': 'De Morgen ( Dutch for The Morning ) is a Flemish newspaper with a circulation of 53,860 . The paper is published in Brussels , Belgium .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Persgroep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Persgroep', 'summary': 'DPG Media is a Belgian publishing company that owns media assets in Belgium , Denmark , and the Netherlands . The firm is owned by the Van Thillo family .'}]}, {'value': 'demorgen.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55,870', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Het Nieuwsblad ( incl . De Gentenaar )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Het_Nieuwsblad', 'summary': 'Het Nieuwsblad ( English : The Newspaper ) is a Flemish newspaper that mainly focusses on a broad view regarding politics , culture , economics , lifestyle , society and sports .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corelio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corelio', 'summary': 'Mediahuis is a newspaper & magazine publishing , distribution , printing , TV , radio and online media company founded in 2014 with assets in Belgium , the Netherlands and Ireland . Mediahuis publishes daily newspaper titles in Belgium , the Netherlands and Ireland as well as regional titles , and is involved in broadcasting a number of Dutch and French language TV and radio stations . Irish assets are held in Independent News & Media subsidiary . Dutch assets are held in a Telegraaf Media Groep subsidiary . The headquarters of Mediahuis is in Antwerp .'}]}, {'value': 'nieuwsblad.be/', 'urls': []}, {'value': '264,961', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Standaard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Standaard', 'summary': 'De Standaard ( meaning The Standard in English ) is a Flemish daily newspaper published in Belgium by Mediahuis ( formerly Corelio and VUM ) . It was traditionally a Christian-Democratic paper , associated with the Christian-Democratic and Flemish Party , and in opposition to the Socialist Flemish daily De Morgen . In recent years De Standaard has renounced its original ideological ties .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corelio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corelio', 'summary': 'Mediahuis is a newspaper & magazine publishing , distribution , printing , TV , radio and online media company founded in 2014 with assets in Belgium , the Netherlands and Ireland . Mediahuis publishes daily newspaper titles in Belgium , the Netherlands and Ireland as well as regional titles , and is involved in broadcasting a number of Dutch and French language TV and radio stations . Irish assets are held in Independent News & Media subsidiary . Dutch assets are held in a Telegraaf Media Groep subsidiary . The headquarters of Mediahuis is in Antwerp .'}]}, {'value': 'standaard.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '95,746', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Tijd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Tijd', 'summary': 'De Tijd ( Dutch : [ də ˈtɛit ] , The Times ) is a Belgian newspaper that mainly focuses on business and economics . It is printed on salmon pink paper since May 2009 , following the example of its colleagues Financial Times , Het Financieele Dagblad , FT Deutschland and many more .'}]}, {'value': 'Dutch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mediafin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mediafin', 'summary': "Mediafin is a Belgian media group . The company was established in 2005 when it was bought by De Persgroep and Rossel . Its name was switched from Publisher Tijd to Mediafin . De Persgroep and Rossel hold a fifty percent stake in Mediafin . In 2018 , De Persgroep sold its 50 percent stake in Mediafin to Flemish media group Roularta , who in return sold its 50 percent stake in Medialaan to De Persgroep for 217.5 million euros in cash . The company is based in Brussels . It publishes two daily newspapers : De Tijd , in Dutch , and L'Echo , in French and two weekly magazines for investors : De Belegger , in Dutch , and L'Investisseur , in French ."}]}, {'value': 'tijd.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37,720', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'Avenir", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'Avenir_(Belgian_newspaper)", 'summary': "L'Avenir ( literally , The Future ) , formerly Vers l'Avenir ( Towards the Future ) , is a Belgian newspaper franchise based in Namur . It is one of the largest media groups in Belgium . The group publishes nine regional newspapers in French , grouped since June 2010 under the brand name L'Avenir ."}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tecteo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'lavenir.net', 'urls': []}, {'value': '94,118', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Libre Belgique', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Libre_Belgique', 'summary': "La Libre Belgique ( French : [ la libʁ bɛlʒik ] ; literally The Free Belgium ) , currently sold under the name La Libre , is a major daily newspaper in Belgium . Together with Le Soir , it is one of the country 's major French language newspapers and is popular in Brussels and Wallonia . La Libre was founded in 1884 and has historically had a centre-right Christian Democratic political stance . The papers is particularly celebrated for its role as an underground newspaper during World War I and World War II when Belgium was occupied . Since 1999 , the newspaper has become increasingly liberal but is still considered more conservative than Le Soir ."}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Groupe IPM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'lalibre.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42,410', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Dernière Heure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Dernière_Heure', 'summary': 'La Dernière Heure ( The Latest Hour ) and Les Sports ( sometimes referred to as La DH ) is a French-language daily newspaper published in Brussels , Belgium . The paper is known for news and sports .'}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Groupe IPM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'dhnet.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '62,427', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'Echo", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'Echo", 'summary': "L'Echo is a Belgian business newspaper , published by Mediafin and mainly distributed in Wallonia and Brussels . It is the French counterpart of the Flemish daily De Tijd which is its sister paper ."}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mediafin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mediafin', 'summary': "Mediafin is a Belgian media group . The company was established in 2005 when it was bought by De Persgroep and Rossel . Its name was switched from Publisher Tijd to Mediafin . De Persgroep and Rossel hold a fifty percent stake in Mediafin . In 2018 , De Persgroep sold its 50 percent stake in Mediafin to Flemish media group Roularta , who in return sold its 50 percent stake in Medialaan to De Persgroep for 217.5 million euros in cash . The company is based in Brussels . It publishes two daily newspapers : De Tijd , in Dutch , and L'Echo , in French and two weekly magazines for investors : De Belegger , in Dutch , and L'Investisseur , in French ."}]}, {'value': 'lecho.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17,170', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro_(Belgian_newspaper)', 'summary': "Metro is a free newspaper in Belgium , distributed on working days and aiming in particular at 18- to 44-year-old urban , active , mobile students and commuters . Separate Dutch and French-language versions , each with its own content , are according to the area 's language ( s ) available in railway stations , subway stations , universities , etc . from dedicated stands that have the colour of the paper 's header : blue for Dutch and green for French for easy recognition , especially where both occur . The publisher is N.V. Mass Transit Media , located in the centre of the City of Brussels . The legal publisher is the company 's General Manager Monique Raafels with an address in Antwerp . Its chief editor ( Content Director ) is Stefan Van Reeth . In the period of 2001-2002 the paper had a circulation of 200,000 copies . On an ordinary Thursday , 10 May 2007 , its 1,455th issue in Dutch version as always mentioned the number of prints , which was 265,000 . Having over 800,000 readers , it claims to be the second largest newspaper of the country . It has an online presence , https : //www.metrotime.be where along breaking news and entertainment , a complete online version of the newspaper is available in PDF format as well as a slightly simpler layout in ordinary HTML . Metro 's revenue comes from advertising . Its news sources are mainly the longstanding Belgian press agency Belga , Associated Press ( AP ) , and Agence France-Presse ( AFP ) ; the legal rights to its pictures are with Belga and AP ( unless otherwise specified ) ."}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mass Transit Media', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'metrotime.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '116,022', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Soir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Soir', 'summary': 'Le Soir ( French : [ lə swaʁ ] , The Evening ) is a French-language daily Belgian newspaper . Founded in 1887 by Emile Rossel , it was intended as a politically-independent source of news . It is one of the most popular Francophone newspapers in Belgium , competing with La Libre Belgique , and since 2005 has appeared in Berliner format . It is owned by Rossel & Cie , which also owns several Belgian news outlets and the French paper La Voix du Nord .'}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rossel et Cie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rossel_(company)', 'summary': "Groupe Rossel ( full name : Rossel & Cie , S.A. ) is a major media group in Brussels and Wallonia , the French-speaking part of Belgium . The daily newspaper Le Soir is one of their main and most successful publications . The other daily the company owns is the subsidiary SudPresse , which publishes daily newspapers including La Capitale and La Meuse . Together with De Persgroep , Rossel purchased the two broadsheets De Tijd and L'Echo , and merged them into the new Mediafin ."}]}, {'value': 'lesoir.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '82,044', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SudPresse newspapers*', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rossel et Cie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rossel_(company)', 'summary': "Groupe Rossel ( full name : Rossel & Cie , S.A. ) is a major media group in Brussels and Wallonia , the French-speaking part of Belgium . The daily newspaper Le Soir is one of their main and most successful publications . The other daily the company owns is the subsidiary SudPresse , which publishes daily newspapers including La Capitale and La Meuse . Together with De Persgroep , Rossel purchased the two broadsheets De Tijd and L'Echo , and merged them into the new Mediafin ."}]}, {'value': 'sudpresse.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '115,853', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grenz-Echo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grenz-Echo', 'summary': 'Grenz-Echo is the only German language daily newspaper published in Eupen , Belgium , aimed at the German-speaking community and the neighbouring areas in the east of the country .'}]}, {'value': 'German', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grenz-Echo Verlag', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'grenzecho.be', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,079', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Daily newspapers', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_newspapers_in_Belgium_0', 'intro': 'Since the 1950s the newspaper market has been in decline in Belgium. The number of national daily newspapers in the country was 50 in 1950, whereas it was 30 in 1965. The number became 33 in 1980. There were 32 newspapers in the country in 1995. It was 23 in 2000. Below is a partial list of newspapers published in Belgium:'}
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Does Rossel or Groupe IPM publish a newspaper that 's title means `` The Evening ? `` ?
Rossel
fe95a3438beac30e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tokyo_Metro_stations', 'title': 'List of Tokyo Metro stations', 'header': ['Station', 'Ward or City', 'Opening date', 'Design', 'Daily ridership ( FY2017 )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Shibuya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shibuya_Station', 'summary': 'Shibuya Station ( 渋谷駅 , Shibuya-eki ) is a railway station in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan , operated jointly by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) , Keio Corporation , Tokyu Corporation , and Tokyo Metro . With 2.4 million passengers on an average weekday in 2004 , it is the fourth-busiest commuter rail station in Japan and the world ( after Shinjuku , Ikebukuro , and Ōsaka / Umeda ) handling a large amount of commuter traffic between the center city and suburbs to the south and west .'}]}, {'value': 'Shibuya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shibuya,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Shibuya ( 渋谷区 Shibuya-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . A major commercial and business centre , it houses the two busiest railway stations in the world , Shinjuku Station ( southern half ) and Shibuya Station . As of May 1 , 2016 , it has an estimated population of 221,801 and a population density of 14,679.09 people per km2 ( 38,018.7/sq mi ) . The total area is 15.11 km2 ( 5.83 sq mi ) . The name Shibuya is also used to refer to the shopping district which surrounds Shibuya Station . This area is known as one of the fashion centers of Japan , particularly for young people , and as a major nightlife area .'}]}, {'value': '1977.04.07 2008.06.14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '829,947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayase', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayase_Station', 'summary': 'Ayase Station ( 綾瀬駅 , Ayase-eki ) is a railway station in Adachi , Tokyo , Japan , operated by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) and the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro .'}]}, {'value': 'Adachi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adachi,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Adachi ( 足立区 , Adachi-ku ) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis , Japan . It is located north of the heart of Tokyo . The ward consists of two separate areas : a small strip of land between the Sumida River and Arakawa River and a larger area north of the Arakawa River . The ward is bordered by the cities of Kawaguchi , Sōka and Yashio in Saitama and Katsushika , Sumida , Arakawa , and Kita in Tokyo . The ward is called Adachi City in English . As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has an estimated population of 692,707 , and a population density of 13,010 persons per km² . The total area is 53.25 km² . The Adachi Land Transportation Office is located here , and automobiles registered at this office bear Adachi number plates .'}]}, {'value': '1971.04.20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elevated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '451,413', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kita-Senju', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kita-Senju_Station', 'summary': 'Kita-Senju Station ( 北千住駅 , Kitasenju-eki ) is a railway station in Adachi , Tokyo , Japan . Kita-Senju is the third-busiest station on the Tokyo Metro network , after Ikebukuro and Otemachi . It is the tenth-busiest JR East station .'}]}, {'value': 'Adachi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adachi,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Adachi ( 足立区 , Adachi-ku ) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis , Japan . It is located north of the heart of Tokyo . The ward consists of two separate areas : a small strip of land between the Sumida River and Arakawa River and a larger area north of the Arakawa River . The ward is bordered by the cities of Kawaguchi , Sōka and Yashio in Saitama and Katsushika , Sumida , Arakawa , and Kita in Tokyo . The ward is called Adachi City in English . As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has an estimated population of 692,707 , and a population density of 13,010 persons per km² . The total area is 53.25 km² . The Adachi Land Transportation Office is located here , and automobiles registered at this office bear Adachi number plates .'}]}, {'value': '1962.05.31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'At-grade , elevated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '299,219', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nishi-Funabashi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nishi-Funabashi_Station', 'summary': 'Nishi-Funabashi Station ( 西船橋駅 , Nishi-Funabashi-eki ) is a railway station in Funabashi , Chiba , Japan , operated by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) , Tokyo Metro , and the Tōyō Rapid Railway . It is the eastern-most station of the Tokyo subway network , lying in Chiba Prefecture .'}]}, {'value': 'Funabashi ( Chiba )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Funabashi,_Chiba', 'summary': 'Funabashi ( 船橋市 , Funabashi-shi ) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture , Japan . As of February 2016 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 623,679 , and a population density of 7,280 persons per km² . The total area is 85.62 square kilometres ( 33.06 sq mi ) . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Chiba Prefecture ( 千葉県 , Chiba-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region , and the Greater Tokyo Area . The sixth most populous prefecture , and 27th largest by land area , Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the Bōsō Peninsula , which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay . Its capital is the city of Chiba .'}]}, {'value': '1969.03.29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'At-grade', 'urls': []}, {'value': '293,332', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yoyogi-Uehara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoyogi-Uehara_Station', 'summary': 'Yoyogi-Uehara Station ( 代々木上原駅 , Yoyogi-Uehara-eki ) is a railway station on the Odakyū Odawara Line and Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan . The Tokyo Metro station number is C-01 . The station was opened as a stop on the Odakyu Odawara Line on April 1 , 1927 ; TRTA ( now Tokyo Metro ) began service at the station on March 31 , 1978 . Both lines share platforms at this station , as each line has through operation onto the other .'}]}, {'value': 'Shibuya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shibuya,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Shibuya ( 渋谷区 Shibuya-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . A major commercial and business centre , it houses the two busiest railway stations in the world , Shinjuku Station ( southern half ) and Shibuya Station . As of May 1 , 2016 , it has an estimated population of 221,801 and a population density of 14,679.09 people per km2 ( 38,018.7/sq mi ) . The total area is 15.11 km2 ( 5.83 sq mi ) . The name Shibuya is also used to refer to the shopping district which surrounds Shibuya Station . This area is known as one of the fashion centers of Japan , particularly for young people , and as a major nightlife area .'}]}, {'value': '1978.03.31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elevated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '278,836', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naka-Meguro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naka-Meguro_Station', 'summary': 'Naka-Meguro Station ( 中目黒駅 , Nakameguro-eki ) is a railway station in Meguro , Tokyo , Japan , jointly operated by Tokyu Corporation and Tokyo Metro .'}]}, {'value': 'Meguro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meguro,_Tokyo', 'summary': "Meguro ( 目黒区 , Meguro-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Meguro City . The ward was founded on March 15 , 1947 . Meguro is predominantly residential in character , but is also home to light industry , corporate head offices , the Komaba campus of University of Tokyo as well as fifteen foreign embassies and consulates . Residential neighborhoods include , Jiyugaoka , Kakinokizaka , and Nakameguro . As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has an estimated population of 277,171 and a population density of 18,890 persons per km2 . The total area is 14.67 km2 . Meguro is also used to refer to the area around Meguro Station , which is not located in Meguro ward , but in neighboring Shinagawa 's Kamiōsaki district ."}]}, {'value': '1964.07.22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elevated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '229,306', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wakō-shi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakō-shi_Station', 'summary': 'Wakōshi Station ( 和光市駅 , Wakōshi-eki ) is a railway station in Wakō , Saitama , Japan , operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway and Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro . It is the only Tokyo Metro station located in Saitama Prefecture . It is the westernmost station in the Tokyo subway network , and the northernmost Tokyo Metro station ( Nishi-Takashimadaira on the Toei network is farther north ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Wakō ( Saitama )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakō,_Saitama', 'summary': 'Wakō ( 和光市 , Wakō-shi ) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 February 2016 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 80,666 , and a population density of 7310 persons per km2 . Its total area is 11.04 square kilometres ( 4.26 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Saitama_Prefecture', 'summary': "Saitama Prefecture ( 埼玉県 , Saitama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region . The capital is the city of Saitama . This prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area , and many of Saitama 's cities can be described as suburbs of Tokyo , to which many residents commute each day ."}]}, {'value': '1987.08.25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elevated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '185,865', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kotake-Mukaihara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kotake-Mukaihara_Station', 'summary': 'Kotake-mukaihara Station ( 小竹向原駅 , Kotake-mukaihara-eki ) is a subway station in Nerima , Tokyo , Japan , operated by Tokyo Metro . Its station numbers for the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho and Fukutoshin Lines are Y-06 and F-06 respectively . Its station number for the Seibu Yūrakuchō Line is SI37 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nerima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nerima,_Tokyo', 'summary': "Nerima ( 練馬区 , Nerima-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . The ward refers to itself as Nerima City . As of 1 May 2016 [ update ] , the ward has an estimated population of 721,858 , with 323,296 households and a population density of 15,013 persons per km2 , while 15,326 foreign residents are registered and 21.6% of the ward 's population is over the age of 65 . The total area is 48.08 km2 . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '1983.06.24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '180,429', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oshiage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oshiage_Station', 'summary': 'Oshiage Station ( 押上駅 , Oshiage-eki ) is a railway station in Sumida , Tokyo , Japan , jointly operated by Tokyo Metro , Tobu Railway , Toei , and Keisei Electric Railway . It is adjacent to the Tokyo Skytree complex .'}]}, {'value': 'Sumida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sumida,_Tokyo', 'summary': "Sumida ( 墨田区 , Sumida-ku ) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis , Japan . The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Sumida City . As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has an estimated population of 257,300 , and a population density of 18,690 persons per km² . The total area is 13.77 km² . It 's City Office is located in Azumabashi , but It 's commercial centre is the area around Kinshicho Station in the south ."}]}, {'value': '2003.03.19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '177,297', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nakano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nakano_Station_(Tokyo)', 'summary': 'Nakano Station ( 中野駅 , Nakano-eki ) is a railway station on the Chūō Main Line in Nakano , Tokyo in Japan , operated jointly by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) and the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro .'}]}, {'value': 'Nakano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nakano,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Nakano ( 中野区 , Nakano-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Nakano City . As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has an estimated population of 322,731 , and a population density of 20,701 persons per km2 . The total area is 15.59 km2 .'}]}, {'value': '1966.03.16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elevated', 'urls': []}, {'value': '160,270', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meguro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meguro_Station', 'summary': "Meguro Station ( 目黒駅 , Meguro-eki ) is a railway station in Tokyo 's Shinagawa ward close to the boundary with Meguro ward . The station is just south of Meguro Dori ( Meguro Street ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Shinagawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shinagawa,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Shinagawa ( 品川区 , Shinagawa-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . The ward refers to itself as Shinagawa City in English . The ward is home to ten embassies . As of 1 April 2016 [ update ] , the ward has an estimated population of 380,293 , and a population density of 16,510 persons per km² . The total area is 22.84 km² . Shinagawa is also commonly used to refer to the business district around Shinagawa Station , which is not part of the Shinagawa ward . This Shinagawa is in Takanawa and Konan neighborhoods of Minato , directly north of Kita-Shinagawa .'}]}, {'value': '2000.09.26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '118,326', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akabane Iwabuchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akabane_Iwabuchi_Station', 'summary': 'Akabane-iwabuchi Station ( 赤羽岩淵駅 , Akabane-iwabuchi-eki ) is a subway station in Kita , Tokyo , Japan , operated jointly by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro and the third-sector railway operator Saitama Railway Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'Kita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kita,_Tokyo', 'summary': 'Kita ( 北区 , Kita-ku ) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis , Japan . The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is City of Kita . The ward was founded on March 15 , 1947 . As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has an estimated population of 340,287 , and a population density of 16,510 persons per km² . The total area is 20.61 km² .'}]}, {'value': '1991.11.29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92,093', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shirokane-Takanawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shirokane-Takanawa_Station', 'summary': 'Shirokane-takanawa Station ( 白金高輪駅 , Shirokane-takanawa-eki ) is a subway station in Takanawa 1-chōme , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , jointly operated by the two Tokyo subway operators , Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway .'}]}, {'value': 'Minato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo', 'summary': "Minato ( 港区 , Minato-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . It is also called Minato City in English . It was formed in 1947 as a merger of Akasaka , Azabu and Shiba wards following Tokyo City 's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis . The modern Minato ward exhibits the contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural division . The Shinbashi neighborhood in the ward 's northeastern corner is attached to the core of Shitamachi , the original commercial center of Edo-Tokyo . On the other hand , the Azabu and Akasaka areas are typically representative Yamanote districts . As of 1 July 2015 [ update ] , it had an official population of 243,094 , and a population density of 10,850 persons per km2 . The total area is 20.37 km2 . Minato hosts many embassies . It is also home to various domestic companies , including Honda , Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Mitsubishi Motors Corporation , NEC , Sony , Fujitsu , and Toshiba , as well as the Japanese headquarters of a number of multi-national firms , including Google , Apple and Goldman Sachs ."}]}, {'value': '2000.09.26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42,541', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shirokanedai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shirokanedai_Station', 'summary': 'Shirokanedai Station ( 白金台駅 , Shirokanedai-eki ) is a subway station in Minato , Tokyo , operated jointly by the Tokyo subway operators Tokyo Metro and Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation ( Toei ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Minato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minato,_Tokyo', 'summary': "Minato ( 港区 , Minato-ku ) is a special ward in Tokyo , Japan . It is also called Minato City in English . It was formed in 1947 as a merger of Akasaka , Azabu and Shiba wards following Tokyo City 's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis . The modern Minato ward exhibits the contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural division . The Shinbashi neighborhood in the ward 's northeastern corner is attached to the core of Shitamachi , the original commercial center of Edo-Tokyo . On the other hand , the Azabu and Akasaka areas are typically representative Yamanote districts . As of 1 July 2015 [ update ] , it had an official population of 243,094 , and a population density of 10,850 persons per km2 . The total area is 20.37 km2 . Minato hosts many embassies . It is also home to various domestic companies , including Honda , Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Mitsubishi Motors Corporation , NEC , Sony , Fujitsu , and Toshiba , as well as the Japanese headquarters of a number of multi-national firms , including Google , Apple and Goldman Sachs ."}]}, {'value': '2000.09.26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18,193', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Stations -- Subway and commuter rail stations', 'section_text': 'Interface stations like Wakōshi Station are designed to facilitate through-service between Tokyo Metro and other railways , in this case between the Tōbu Tōjō Line and the Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō and Fukutoshin Lines . In addition to passengers passing through faregates to or from Tokyo Metro trains , ridership reported for these stations also includes passengers entering or exiting the Tokyo Metro system inside through-servicing trains , as well as passengers making cross-platform transfers between Tokyo Metro trains and other railways ’ trains .', 'uid': 'List_of_Tokyo_Metro_stations_0', 'intro': 'List of Tokyo Metro stations lists stations on the Tokyo Metro, including lines serving the station, station location (ward or city), opening date, design (underground, at-grade, or elevated), and daily ridership.'}
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What station is in the ward that was founded on March 15 , 1947 ?
Wakō-shi
fe96a966566a1490
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cheyenne_County,_Nebraska', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Cheyenne County, Nebraska', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christ Episcopal Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christ_Episcopal_Church_(Sidney,_Nebraska)', 'summary': "The Christ Episcopal Church , at junction of 10th Ave. and Linden St. in Sidney , Nebraska , is a historic Shingle Style church that was built during 1886-87 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) in 1994 ; the listing included the church as a contributing building and a 1950 rectory as a non-contributing building . It is significant as one of a few remaining physical representations in the state that is closely associated with the government 's attempt to integrate Native Americans into the army and consequentially adopt Euro-American social mores . The church was used by , among others , Company I , Twenty-First Infantry which was composed of Native Americans and commanded by a white officer . :6 Company I was posted at Fort Sidney during 1892 to 1894 , the period of significance designated for the church in the NRHP listing ."}]}, {'value': 'October 21 , 1994 ( # 94001232 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of 10th Ave. and Linden St. 41°08′30″N 102°58′32″W / 41.141667°N 102.975556°W / 41.141667 ; -102.975556 ( Christ Episcopal Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deadwood Draw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deadwood_Draw', 'summary': 'Deadwood Draw is part of the Sidney-Black Hills Trail near Sidney , Nebraska , which provided supplies for gold mining operations in the Black Hills from 1874 to 1881 . The draw served as a staging area for freight wagons carrying supplies to the Black Hills and contains ruts caused by the wheels of the freight wagons and the animals that pulled them . The draw is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'November 12 , 1992 ( # 92001574 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwest of Sidney 41°09′35″N 103°00′28″W / 41.159722°N 103.007778°W / 41.159722 ; -103.007778 ( Deadwood Draw )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Sidney Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Sidney', 'summary': "Fort Sidney is a historic fort located in Sidney , Nebraska , United States . The 37th Infantry Regiment established Sidney Station at a point midway between the Platte Rivers , where the modern community of Sidney , Nebraska , now stands . Initially the installation was a block house on a bluff with soldiers residing in tents nearby . That Spring , Fort Sedgewick , Colorado , was abandoned and the wooden buildings moved by mule train to a location beneath the bluffs and on the Lodgepole creek . This new garrison was named Sidney Barracks and would remain so until 1879 , when it was designated Fort Sidney . The Union Pacific railroad eventually arrived and the fort was a trailhead for the Sidney-Black Hills Trail to the gold prospecting and mining areas of the Dakotas . The Greenwood Stage Station was a stagecoach stop on the trail . The trail crossed the North Platte River at Camp Clarke Bridge Site . The Fort Sidney Complex is a museum of the remaining fort buildings . The complex includes the married officer 's quarters which houses the Cheyenne County Museum , the Commander 's Home which has been restored and outfitted with late 19th-century period furnishings , and a powder house ."}]}, {'value': 'March 28 , 1973 ( # 73001056 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by 6th and 5th Aves. , Linden and Jackson 41°08′35″N 102°58′10″W / 41.143056°N 102.969444°W / 41.143056 ; -102.969444 ( Fort Sidney Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel and Sarah Herboldsheimer Ranch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 5 , 1990 ( # 90000566 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northeast of Potter 41°16′44″N 103°13′26″W / 41.278889°N 103.223889°W / 41.278889 ; -103.223889 ( Daniel and Sarah Herboldsheimer Ranch )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Potter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Potter,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Potter is a village in Cheyenne County , Nebraska , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the village population was 337 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lodgepole Opera House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lodgepole_Opera_House', 'summary': "The Lodgepole Opera House is a historic building in Lodgepole , Nebraska . It was built by Frank Isenberger in 1911 . Besides the performing arts , it hosted basketball games and events for organizations like the YMCA , the Commercial Club and the Ladies ' Aid Society . The building was called an ornament to the city by the Lodge Pole Express in 1911 . It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 7 , 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'July 7 , 1988 ( # 88000947 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western side of Oberfelder at Front 41°08′52″N 102°38′22″W / 41.1479°N 102.63945°W / 41.1479 ; -102.63945 ( Lodgepole Opera House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lodgepole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lodgepole,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Lodgepole is a village in Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . The population was 318 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney Carnegie Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney_Carnegie_Library', 'summary': 'The Sidney Carnegie Library is a historic building in Sidney , Nebraska . It was built in 1914 as a Carnegie library with funding from the Carnegie Corporation , and designed in the Tudor Revival architectural style . There is a grotesque on each side of the main entrance . When the building was dedicated in 1917 , it was the first public library in Cheyenne County , Nebraska . A new public library building was built in 1967 , and this building was repurposed as the Cheyenne County Chamber of Commerce . It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 3 , 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'July 3 , 1991 ( # 91000838 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '740 Illinois St. 41°08′43″N 102°58′26″W / 41.1452°N 102.9740°W / 41.1452 ; -102.9740 ( Sidney Carnegie Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney Historic Business District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney_Historic_Business_District', 'summary': 'The Sidney Historic Business District is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 . It is a 6-acre ( 2.4 ha ) area roughly bounded by Hickory and King Sts . and 9th and 11th Aves . in Sidney , Nebraska . It includes 29 contributing buildings . It was deemed significant in the area of commerce : The district conveys a strong association with commercial activities that began with the arrival of the Union Pacific [ Railroad ] in 1867 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 21 , 1994 ( # 94001233 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by Hickory and King Sts . and 9th and 11th Aves . ; also roughly bounded by Hickory and King Sts . and 9th and 12th Aves . 41°08′40″N 96°58′34″W / 41.144444°N 96.976111°W / 41.144444 ; -96.976111 ( Sidney Historic Business District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sioux Ordnance Depot Fire & Guard Headquarters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sioux_Ordnance_Depot_Fire_&_Guard_Headquarters', 'summary': 'The Sioux Ordnance Depot Fire & Guard Headquarters , near Sidney , Nebraska , was built in 1942 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 . The listing included a contributing building and a contributing structure . It was part of a World War II-era munitions depot , which operated until 1967 . The listing consists of the two-story headquarters building and vintage cedar tree plantings . It is located at the junction of 1st Ave. and Military Rd .'}]}, {'value': 'October 24 , 1994 ( # 94001234 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of 1st Ave. and Military Rd . at Western Nebraska Community College 41°12′52″N 103°06′14″W / 41.214444°N 103.103889°W / 41.214444 ; -103.103889 ( Sioux Ordnance Depot Fire & Guard Headquarters )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Nebraska_Community_College', 'summary': 'Western Nebraska Community College ( WNCC ) is a community college in Scottsbluff , Nebraska . Its athletics teams are known as the Cougars . WNCC was previously known as Scottsbluff Junior College , Scotts Bluff County College , and Nebraska Western College . WNCC also has two other campuses in Sidney , Nebraska , and Alliance , Nebraska .'}]}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wes Stevens Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 28 , 1973 ( # 73001055 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Potter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Potter,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Potter is a village in Cheyenne County , Nebraska , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the village population was 337 .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Water Holes Ranch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 12 , 1992 ( # 92001575 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly 7.5 miles west of Gurley 41°18′23″N 103°06′52″W / 41.306389°N 103.114444°W / 41.306389 ; -103.114444 ( Water Holes Ranch )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gurley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gurley,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Gurley is a village in Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . The population was 214 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Wild Horse Draw-Leeman 's Springs Archeological District", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 12 , 2006 ( # 06000556 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Nebraska', 'summary': 'Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Cheyenne County , Nebraska , United States . This city is nine miles north from the Colorado state line . The population was 6,757 at the 2010 census .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Listings county-wide', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cheyenne_County,_Nebraska_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cheyenne County, Nebraska. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cheyenne County, Nebraska, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 11 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.'}
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What is the location for the building that has a grotesque on each side of the main entrance ?
41°08′43″N 102°58′26″W / 41.1452°N 102.9740°W / 41.1452 ; -102.9740 ( Sidney Carnegie Library )
fe9aff756855d751
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400_metres_hurdles', 'title': '400 metres hurdles', 'header': ['Year', 'Time', 'Athlete', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karin Roßley ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karin_Roßley', 'summary': "Karin Roßley , ( née Regel , born 5 April 1957 ) is a retired East German hurdler , who represented the sports team SC Cottbus . She was born in Cottbus . She won the bronze medal at the 1978 European Championships . Roßley set two world records during her career : 55.63 seconds in August 1977 in Helsinki and 54.28 seconds in May 1980 in Jena . The latter stood for three years until Anna Ambrazienė ran in 54.02 seconds in Moscow . Karin Roßley 's personal best time remained at was 54.28 seconds , a result which ranks her eighth among German 400 m hurdlers , behind Sabine Busch , Cornelia Ullrich , Ellen Fiedler , Heike Meissner , Gudrun Abt , Silvia Rieger and Susanne Losch ."}]}, {'value': 'Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatyana Zelentsova ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatyana_Zelentsova', 'summary': "Tatyana Petrovna Zelentsova ( Russian : Татьяна Петровна Зеленцова ; born 5 August 1948 ) is a former Soviet Russian hurdler . She set two world records in the women 's 400 metres hurdles and won the European Championship in 1978 . After her athletic career she remained active in the sport as a coach ."}]}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54.78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marina Stepanova ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marina_Stepanova', 'summary': 'Marina Ivanovna Stepanova ( née Makeyeva ( Russian : Марина Ивановна Степанова-Макеева ) born May 1 , 1950 ) is a Russian former athlete who competed for the Soviet Union in the 400 metres hurdles , and became the first woman to run under 53 seconds for the event , when she ran 52.94 secs in 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moscow', 'summary': "Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54.28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karin Roßley ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karin_Roßley', 'summary': "Karin Roßley , ( née Regel , born 5 April 1957 ) is a retired East German hurdler , who represented the sports team SC Cottbus . She was born in Cottbus . She won the bronze medal at the 1978 European Championships . Roßley set two world records during her career : 55.63 seconds in August 1977 in Helsinki and 54.28 seconds in May 1980 in Jena . The latter stood for three years until Anna Ambrazienė ran in 54.02 seconds in Moscow . Karin Roßley 's personal best time remained at was 54.28 seconds , a result which ranks her eighth among German 400 m hurdlers , behind Sabine Busch , Cornelia Ullrich , Ellen Fiedler , Heike Meissner , Gudrun Abt , Silvia Rieger and Susanne Losch ."}]}, {'value': 'Jena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jena', 'summary': "Jena ( /ˈjeɪnə/ ; German pronunciation : [ ˈjeːna ] ( listen ) ) is a German university city and the second largest city in Thuringia . Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar , it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants , while the city itself has a population of about 110,000 . Jena is a centre of education and research ; the Friedrich Schiller University was founded in 1558 and had 18,000 students in 2017 and the Ernst-Abbe-Fachhochschule Jena counts another 5,000 students . Furthermore , there are many institutes of the leading German research societies . Jena was first mentioned in 1182 and stayed a small town until the 19th century , when industry developed . For most of the 20th century , Jena was a world centre of the optical industry around companies like Carl Zeiss , Schott and Jenoptik ( since 1990 ) . As one of only a few medium-sized cities in Germany , it has some high-rise buildings in the city centre , like the Jen Tower . These also have their origin in the former Carl Zeiss factory . Between 1790 and 1850 , Jena was a focal point of the German Vormärz as well as of the student liberal and unification movement and German Romanticism . Notable persons of this period in Jena were Friedrich Schiller , Alexander von Humboldt , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Novalis and August Wilhelm Schlegel . The city 's economy is based on the high-technology industry and research . The optical and precision industry is the leading branch to date , while software engineering , other digital businesses and biotechnology are of growing importance ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54.79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ellen Fiedler ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellen_Fiedler', 'summary': 'Ellen Fiedler , ( née Neumann , born 26 November 1958 in Demmin , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) is a former East German 400 metres hurdler . She won the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , in a career best time of 53.63 seconds . This ranks her third among German 400 m hurdlers , only behind Sabine Busch and Cornelia Ullrich . She also won the 1981 IAAF World Cup event , took the silver medal in the hurdles at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics , won the bronze medal at the 1983 World Championships and finished sixth at the 1986 European Championships . At the 1983 World Championships she also won a gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay . Although it was Gesine Walther , Sabine Busch , Marita Koch and Dagmar Rübsam who ran in the final , Fiedler had run in the qualifying round . Fiedler represented the sports club SC Dynamo Berlin , and became East German champion in 1981 , 1982 and 1983 . Fiedler is 1.76 metres tall ; during her active career she weighed 66 kg .'}]}, {'value': 'Jena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jena', 'summary': "Jena ( /ˈjeɪnə/ ; German pronunciation : [ ˈjeːna ] ( listen ) ) is a German university city and the second largest city in Thuringia . Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar , it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants , while the city itself has a population of about 110,000 . Jena is a centre of education and research ; the Friedrich Schiller University was founded in 1558 and had 18,000 students in 2017 and the Ernst-Abbe-Fachhochschule Jena counts another 5,000 students . Furthermore , there are many institutes of the leading German research societies . Jena was first mentioned in 1182 and stayed a small town until the 19th century , when industry developed . For most of the 20th century , Jena was a world centre of the optical industry around companies like Carl Zeiss , Schott and Jenoptik ( since 1990 ) . As one of only a few medium-sized cities in Germany , it has some high-rise buildings in the city centre , like the Jen Tower . These also have their origin in the former Carl Zeiss factory . Between 1790 and 1850 , Jena was a focal point of the German Vormärz as well as of the student liberal and unification movement and German Romanticism . Notable persons of this period in Jena were Friedrich Schiller , Alexander von Humboldt , Johann Gottlieb Fichte , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Novalis and August Wilhelm Schlegel . The city 's economy is based on the high-technology industry and research . The optical and precision industry is the leading branch to date , while software engineering , other digital businesses and biotechnology are of growing importance ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54.57', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ann-Louise Skoglund ( SWE )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ann-Louise_Skoglund', 'summary': "Ann-Louise Skoglund ( born 28 June 1962 ) is a retired track and field hurdler from Sweden . She is best known for winning the gold medal in the women 's 400m hurdles at the 1982 European Championships , and she set the world best year performance in her event in 1982 ."}]}, {'value': 'Athens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athens', 'summary': "Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54.02', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Ambrazienė ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Ambrazienė', 'summary': "Ana Ambrazienė ( born April 14 , 1955 ) is a retired hurdler from Lithuania . Also known as Anna Kostecka ( or Kastetskaya ) , she was born in Vilnius and is of Polish descent . She represented the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s . Her personal best in the women 's 400 m hurdles was 54.02 at a meet in Moscow on June 11 , 1983 . That mark was the standing world record for over a year ."}]}, {'value': 'Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moscow', 'summary': "Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.58', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Margarita Ponomaryova ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Margarita_Ponomaryova', 'summary': "Margarita Anatolyevna Ponomaryova ( Russian : Маргарита Хромова-Пономарева ; born 19 June 1963 ) , also known as Margarita Khromova , is a retired hurdler from Russia , best known for setting the world record in the women 's 400 metres hurdles in 1984 with 53.58 secs . Ponomaryova was known by her married name of Khromova from 1985-1989 , before reverting to her maiden name from 1990 onwards ."}]}, {'value': 'Kiev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiev', 'summary': "Kiev or Kyiv [ a ] ( Ukrainian : Київ , romanized : Kyiv ; Russian : Киев , romanized : Kiyev ) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine . It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River . Its population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 ( though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press ) , making Kiev the 6th-most populous city in Europe . Kiev is an important industrial , scientific , educational and cultural center of Eastern Europe . It is home to many high-tech industries , higher education institutions , and historical landmarks . The city has an extensive system of public transport and infrastructure , including the Kiev Metro . The city 's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi , one of its four legendary founders . During its history , Kiev , one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe , passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity . The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century . A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople , Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars , until its capture by the Varangians ( Vikings ) in the mid-9th century . Under Varangian rule , the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus ' , the first East Slavic state . Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasions in 1240 , the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come ."}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.55', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabine Busch ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabine_Busch', 'summary': 'Sabine Busch ( later Ascui ; born 21 November 1962 , in Erfurt ) is a retired East German athlete , who specialised in the 400 metres and the 400 metres hurdles . In 1987 , she became the World Champion at 400 m hurdles and the World Indoor Champion at 400 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Berlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berlin', 'summary': "Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '52.94', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marina Stepanova ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marina_Stepanova', 'summary': 'Marina Ivanovna Stepanova ( née Makeyeva ( Russian : Марина Ивановна Степанова-Макеева ) born May 1 , 1950 ) is a Russian former athlete who competed for the Soviet Union in the 400 metres hurdles , and became the first woman to run under 53 seconds for the event , when she ran 52.94 secs in 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tashkent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tashkent', 'summary': 'Tashkent ( /ˌtɒʃˈkɛnt/ ; Russian pronunciation : [ tɐʂˈkʲent ] ; Russian : Ташкент , tr . Tashkent ) , or Toshkent ( [ tɒʃˈkent ] ; Uzbek : Toshkent , Тошкент , تاشكینت ) , is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan , as well as the most populated city in ex-Soviet Central Asia with a population in 2018 of 2,485,900 . It is located in the north-east of the country close to the border with Kazakhstan . Before Islam influence started in the 8th century AD , Tashkent was influenced by the Sogdian and Turkic cultures in its early history . After its destruction by Genghis Khan in 1219 , the city was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road . From 18th to 19th century , the city became an independent city-state , before being re-conquered by the Khanate of Kokand . In 1865 , it fell to the Russian Empire , and became the capital of Russian Turkestan . In Soviet times , Tashkent witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union . Much of the city was destroyed in the 1966 Tashkent earthquake , though it was rebuilt afterwards as a model Soviet city . It was the fourth-largest city of the Soviet Union at the time , after Moscow , Leningrad and Kiev . Today , as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan , Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population , with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority . In 2009 , the city celebrated its 2,200 years of written history .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabine Busch ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabine_Busch', 'summary': 'Sabine Busch ( later Ascui ; born 21 November 1962 , in Erfurt ) is a retired East German athlete , who specialised in the 400 metres and the 400 metres hurdles . In 1987 , she became the World Champion at 400 m hurdles and the World Indoor Champion at 400 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Potsdam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Potsdam', 'summary': "Potsdam ( German pronunciation : [ ˈpɔt͡sdam ] ( listen ) ; Lower Sorbian : Podstupim ) is the capital and largest city of the German federal state of Brandenburg . It directly borders the German capital , Berlin , and is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region . It is situated on the River Havel some 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) southwest of Berlin 's city centre . Potsdam was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser until 1918 . Its planning embodied ideas of the Age of Enlightenment : through a careful balance of architecture and landscape , Potsdam was intended as a picturesque , pastoral dream which would remind its residents of their relationship with nature and reason . The city lies in an area of interconnected lakes and is distinguished by a series of cultural landmarks , in particular the parks and palaces of Sanssouci , the largest World Heritage Site in Germany . The Potsdam Conference in 1945 was held at Cecilienhof Palace . Babelsberg , in the south-eastern part of Potsdam , was already by the 1930s the home of a major film production studio and it has enjoyed success as an important center of European film production since the fall of the Berlin Wall . The Filmstudio Babelsberg is the oldest large-scale film studio in the world . Potsdam developed into a centre of science in Germany in the 19th century . Today , there are three public colleges , the University of Potsdam , and more than 30 research institutes in the city ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Debbie Flintoff-King ( AUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debbie_Flintoff-King', 'summary': "Debra ( Debbie ) Lee Flintoff-King , ( OAM ) ( born 20 April 1960 in Melbourne ) is a retired Australian athlete , and winner of the women 's 400 m hurdles event at the 1988 Seoul Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul', 'summary': "Seoul ( /soʊl/ , like soul ; Korean : 서울 [ sʌ.ul ] ( listen ) ; lit . Capital ) , officially the Seoul Special City , is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea . Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area . Ranked as an alpha world city , Seoul was the world 's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US $ 635 billion in 2014 after Tokyo , New York City and Los Angeles . International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from the Incheon International Airport , notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years ( 2005-2013 ) by the Airports Council International . In 2015 , it was rated Asia 's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis , with the GDP per capita ( PPP ) in Seoul being around $ 40,000 . In 2017 , the cost of living in Seoul was ranked 6th globally . In 2018 , Seoul 's real estate market was ranked 5th in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. , Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea/Japan . With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City , the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies , including Samsung , LG , and Hyundai . Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index , the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences . Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games , 1988 Summer Olympics , 2002 FIFA World Cup , and more recently the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit . Seoul was the capital of various Korean kingdoms , including Baekje , Joseon , and the Korean Empire and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandra Farmer-Patrick ( USA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandra_Farmer-Patrick', 'summary': 'Sandra Marie Farmer-Patrick ( née Farmer , born 18 August 1962 ) is a Jamaican-born American former athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres hurdles . She won silver medals in that event at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona , and at the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart . She also won the 400 metres hurdles at the World Cup in 1989 and 1992 . Her best time for the event of 52.79 seconds ( 1993 ) , is the former U.S record . That performance once ranked her second on the world all-time list , and as of 2018 , ranks her 12th on the world all-time list .'}]}, {'value': 'New York City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53.62', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tatyana Ledovskaya ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tatyana_Ledovskaya', 'summary': 'Tatyana Mikhailovna Ledovskaya ( Belarusian : Тацяна Міхайлаўна Ледаўская , Russian : Татьяна Михайловна Ледовская ; born 21 May 1966 in Shchyokino , Tula Oblast ) is a retired athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres hurdles . She represented the Soviet Union and later , Belarus , training in Minsk .'}]}, {'value': 'Split', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Split_(city)', 'summary': "Split ( /ˈsplɪt/ , as the English word split ; Croatian pronunciation : [ splît ] ( listen ) ; see other names ) is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia , with about 250,000 people living in its urban area . It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea and is spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings . An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination , the city is linked to the Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula . Home to Diocletian 's Palace , built for the Roman emperor in AD 305 , the city was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos ( Aσπάλαθος ) in the 3rd or 2nd century BC . It became a prominent settlement around 650 when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia , Salona . After the sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs , the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by Roman refugees . Split became a Byzantine city . Later it drifted into the sphere of the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia , with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty . For much of the High and Late Middle Ages , Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city of the Dalmatian city-states , caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and Croatia ( in union with Hungary ) for control over the Dalmatian cities . Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city , a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory . Its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699 , and in 1797 , as Venice fell to Napoleon , the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy . In 1805 , the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and in 1806 it was included in the French Empire , becoming part of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809 ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '400_metres_hurdles_1', 'intro': "The 400 metres hurdles is a track and field hurdling event. The event has been on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900 for men and since 1984 for women. On a standard outdoor track, 400 metres is the length of the inside lane, once around the stadium. Runners stay in their lanes the entire way after starting out of the blocks and must clear ten hurdles that are evenly spaced around the track. The hurdles are positioned and weighted so that they fall forward if bumped into with sufficient force, to prevent injury to the runners. Although there is no longer any penalty for knocking hurdles over, runners prefer to clear them cleanly, as touching them during the race slows runners down. The best male athletes can run the 400 m hurdles in a time of around 47 seconds, while the best female athletes achieve a time of around 53 seconds. The current men's and women's world record holders are Kevin Young with 46.78 seconds and Dalilah Muhammad with 52.16 seconds. Compared to the 400 metres run, the hurdles race takes the men about three seconds longer and the women four seconds longer. The 400 m hurdles was held for both sexes at the inaugural IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The first championship for women came at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics - being held as a one-off due to the lack of a race at the 1980 Summer Olympics."}
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What is the population of the city where in 1983 , a woman finished the 400 metres hurdles in 54.02 ?
12.6 million
fe9cd116927a0b39
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Utopian_communities', 'title': 'List of American Utopian communities', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Founder', 'Founding date', 'Ending date', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Arden Village', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arden,_Delaware', 'summary': 'Arden is a village and art colony in New Castle County , Delaware , in the United States , founded in 1900 as a radical Georgist single-tax community by sculptor Frank Stephens and architect Will Price . The village occupies about 160 acres , with half kept as open land . According to the 2010 Census , the population of the village is 439 . In 1973 , the entire village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Two neighboring villages of similar size were founded on Georgist principles , Ardentown , in 1922 , and Ardencroft , in 1950 . In 2003 they were also listed on the NRHP as the Ardens Historic District . Many Ardenites , as the villagers of Arden are called , consider themselves to be close-knit , nature-loving , liberal , tolerant , free-spirited , artistic , intellectual , even ex-hippie .'}]}, {'value': 'Delaware', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Stephens Will Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Francis_Stephens', 'summary': 'George Francis Stephens ( 1859-1935 ) , known as Frank Stephens , was an American sculptor , political activist and co-founder of a utopian single-tax community in Arden , Delaware .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Will_Price', 'summary': 'William Lightfoot Price ( November 9 , 1861 - October 14 , 1916 ) was an American architect , a pioneer in the use of reinforced concrete , and a founder of the utopian communities of Arden , Delaware and Rose Valley , Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': '1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Currently Active', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An art colony founded as a Georgist single-tax art community', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Art_colony', 'summary': "An art colony or artists ' colony is a place where creative practitioners live and interact with one another . Artists are often invited or selected through a formal process , for a residency from a few weeks to over a year . Beginning with the early 20th century models , such as MacDowell Colony and Yaddo , hundreds of modern-day artist colonies now offer the benefit of time , space , and collaborative time away from the usual workaday world . Worldwide , the two primary organizations serving artist colonies and residential centres are Res Artis , based in Amsterdam , and the Alliance of Artists Communities , based in Providence , Rhode Island . The Intra Asia Network , based in Taiwan , is a less formal body working to advance creative communities and exchanges throughout Asia . These consortia comprise most of the world 's active artists ' colonies . The art movement itself has only started to be investigated by scholars , with the chief historical studies consisting of Michael Jacobs 's introductory The Good and Simple Life and Nina Lübbren 's Artists Colonies in Europe 1870-1910 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Georgism', 'summary': "Georgism , also called geoism and single tax ( archaic ) , is an economic ideology holding that while people should own the value they produce themselves , economic value derived from land ( often including natural resources and natural opportunities ) should belong equally to all members of society . Developed from the writings of the economist and social reformer Henry George , the Georgist paradigm seeks solutions to social and ecological problems , based on principles of land rights and public finance which attempt to integrate economic efficiency with social justice . Georgism is concerned with the distribution of economic rent caused by natural monopolies , pollution and the control of commons , including title of ownership for natural resources and other contrived privileges ( e.g . intellectual property ) . Any natural resource which is inherently limited in supply can generate economic rent , but the classical and most significant example of land monopoly involves the extraction of common ground rent from valuable urban locations . Georgists argue that taxing economic rent is efficient , fair and equitable . The main Georgist policy recommendation is a tax assessed on land value . Georgists argue that revenues from a land value tax ( LVT ) can be used to reduce or eliminate existing taxes ( for example , on income , trade , or purchases ) that are unfair and inefficient . Some Georgists also advocate for the return of surplus public revenue to the people by means of a basic income or citizen 's dividend . Economists since Adam Smith and David Ricardo have observed that a public levy on land value does not cause economic inefficiency , unlike other taxes . A land value tax also has progressive tax effects . Advocates of land value taxes argue that they would reduce economic inequality , increase economic efficiency , remove incentives to underutilize urban land and reduce property speculation ."}]}, {'value': 'Zion , Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zion,_Illinois', 'summary': 'Zion is a city in Lake County , Illinois , United States . The population was 22,866 at the 2000 census , and had grown to 24,413 as of 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Alexander Dowie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Alexander_Dowie', 'summary': 'John Alexander Dowie ( 25 May 1847 - 9 March 1907 ) was a Scottish evangelist and faith healer who ministered in Australia and the United States . He founded the city of Zion , Illinois , and the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church .'}]}, {'value': '1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1907', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A Utopian Christian religious community , reorganized following fraud allegations and founder 's death into modern city", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Wind Community', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Wind_Community', 'summary': 'East Wind Community is an intentional community located in the Missouri Ozarks . Founded in 1974 , it is a secular and democratic community in which members hold all community assets in common . Each member is also given food , shelter , clothing , medical care , education , and a monthly stipend . All major decisions are made by direct democratic processes with managers for various positions being elected annually .'}]}, {'value': 'Ozark County , Missouri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A secular and democratic community in which members hold all communities assets in common', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Equality Colony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equality_Colony', 'summary': 'Equality Colony was a United States socialist colony founded in Skagit County , Washington by a political organization known as the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth in the year 1897 . It was meant to serve as a model which would convert the rest of Washington and later the entire continent to socialism .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norman W. Lermond Ed Pelton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norman_Wallace_Lermond', 'summary': "Norman Wallace Lermond ( July 27 , 1861 - Spring 1944 ) was an American naturalist and socialist activist . Lermond helped found the People 's Party ( the so-called Populists ) in Maine . and in 1892 , Lermond ran for the U.S. Congress from Maine 's 2nd congressional district for the Populists , finishing in third place with 3.63% of the vote . In 1900 , Lermond ran for Governor of Maine , becoming the first socialist candidate for governor in Maine history . He lost to Republican John Fremont Hill ."}]}, {'value': '1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1907', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Socialist Colony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist', 'summary': "Socialism is a political , social and economic philosophy encompassing a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers ' self-management of enterprise , including the political theories and movements associated with such systems . Social ownership can be public , collective or cooperative ownership , or citizen ownership of equity . There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them , with social ownership being the common element shared by its various forms . Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market forms . Non-market socialism involves replacing factor markets and money with engineering and technical criteria based on calculation performed in-kind , thereby producing an economic mechanism that functions according to different economic laws from those of capitalism . Non-market socialism aims to circumvent the inefficiencies and crises traditionally associated with capital accumulation and the profit system . The socialist calculation debate , originated by the economic calculation problem , concerns the feasibility and methods of resource allocation for a planned socialist system . By contrast , market socialism retains the use of monetary prices , factor markets and in some cases the profit motive , with respect to the operation of socially owned enterprises and the allocation of capital goods between them . Profits generated by these firms would be controlled directly by the workforce of each firm , or accrue to society at large in the form of a social dividend . Socialist politics has been both internationalist and nationalist in orientation ; organised through political parties and opposed to party politics ; at times overlapping with trade unions and at other times independent and critical of them ; and present in both industrialised and developing nations . Social democracy originated within the socialist movement , supporting economic and social interventions to promote social justice . While having socialism as a long-term goal , it has come to embrace a Keynesian mixed economy within a predominantly , developed capitalist market economy and liberal democratic polity that includes substantial state intervention in the form of income redistribution , regulation and a welfare state ."}]}, {'value': 'Fairhope Single Tax Corporation , Fairhope , AL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairhope_Single_Tax_Corporation', 'summary': 'Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County , Alabama , United States on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay . The 2010 census lists the population of the city as 15,326 . Fairhope is a principal city of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley micropolitan area , which includes all of Baldwin County . In 2016 , Fairhope was named the best small town in the South by Southern Living magazine .'}]}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairhope Industrial Association', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1894', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'currently still in operation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairhope was first settled in 1894 by Georgist . The Single tax experiment was incorporated as the Fairhope Single Tax Corporation under Alabama law in 1904 . The municipality of Fairhope was incorporated in 1908', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgist', 'summary': "Georgism , also called geoism and single tax ( archaic ) , is an economic ideology holding that while people should own the value they produce themselves , economic value derived from land ( often including natural resources and natural opportunities ) should belong equally to all members of society . Developed from the writings of the economist and social reformer Henry George , the Georgist paradigm seeks solutions to social and ecological problems , based on principles of land rights and public finance which attempt to integrate economic efficiency with social justice . Georgism is concerned with the distribution of economic rent caused by natural monopolies , pollution and the control of commons , including title of ownership for natural resources and other contrived privileges ( e.g . intellectual property ) . Any natural resource which is inherently limited in supply can generate economic rent , but the classical and most significant example of land monopoly involves the extraction of common ground rent from valuable urban locations . Georgists argue that taxing economic rent is efficient , fair and equitable . The main Georgist policy recommendation is a tax assessed on land value . Georgists argue that revenues from a land value tax ( LVT ) can be used to reduce or eliminate existing taxes ( for example , on income , trade , or purchases ) that are unfair and inefficient . Some Georgists also advocate for the return of surplus public revenue to the people by means of a basic income or citizen 's dividend . Economists since Adam Smith and David Ricardo have observed that a public levy on land value does not cause economic inefficiency , unlike other taxes . A land value tax also has progressive tax effects . Advocates of land value taxes argue that they would reduce economic inequality , increase economic efficiency , remove incentives to underutilize urban land and reduce property speculation ."}]}, {'value': 'The Farm ( Tennessee )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Farm_(Tennessee)', 'summary': 'The Farm is an intentional community in Lewis County , Tennessee , near the town of Summertown , Tennessee , based on principles of nonviolence and respect for the Earth . It was founded in 1971 by Stephen Gaskin , and 300 spiritual seekers from Haight-Ashbury and San Francisco . The Farm was the setting for the rebirth of midwifery in the United States and the creation of the modern home-birth movement . Its members have founded a number of nonprofit organizations , including Plenty International , a relief and development organization , and Swan Conservation Trust , who established the 1,358 acres ( 550 ha ) Big Swan Headwaters Preserve . The Farm has approximately 200 members and residents .'}]}, {'value': 'Lewis County , Tennessee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Gaskin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin', 'summary': 'Stephen Gaskin ( February 16 , 1935 - July 1 , 2014 ) was an American counterculture Hippie icon best known for his presence in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco in the 1960s and for co-founding The Farm , a famous spiritual intentional community in Summertown , Tennessee . He was a Green Party presidential primary candidate in 2000 on a platform which included campaign finance reform , universal health care , and decriminalization of marijuana . He was the author of over a dozen books , political activist , a philanthropic organizer and a self-proclaimed professional Hippie .'}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hippie Buddhist-inspired vegetarian community . De-collectivized in 1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freeland Association', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freeland,_Washington', 'summary': 'Freeland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) on Whidbey Island in Island County , Washington , United States . At the time of the 2010 census the population was 2,045 . The town received its name based on its origins as a socialist commune in the early 1900s : in the eyes of its founders , the land of the town was literally to be free for all people . Some of the first settlers were veterans of a prior experiment in socialism , the nearby Equality Colony .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dissident members of the Equality Colony', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A socialist commune . The first settlers dissident members of the nearby Equality Colony . While the Freeland Association dissolved in 1906 the census-designated place ( CDP ) of Freeland , Washington continues to exist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialism', 'summary': "Socialism is a political , social and economic philosophy encompassing a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers ' self-management of enterprise , including the political theories and movements associated with such systems . Social ownership can be public , collective or cooperative ownership , or citizen ownership of equity . There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them , with social ownership being the common element shared by its various forms . Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market forms . Non-market socialism involves replacing factor markets and money with engineering and technical criteria based on calculation performed in-kind , thereby producing an economic mechanism that functions according to different economic laws from those of capitalism . Non-market socialism aims to circumvent the inefficiencies and crises traditionally associated with capital accumulation and the profit system . The socialist calculation debate , originated by the economic calculation problem , concerns the feasibility and methods of resource allocation for a planned socialist system . By contrast , market socialism retains the use of monetary prices , factor markets and in some cases the profit motive , with respect to the operation of socially owned enterprises and the allocation of capital goods between them . Profits generated by these firms would be controlled directly by the workforce of each firm , or accrue to society at large in the form of a social dividend . Socialist politics has been both internationalist and nationalist in orientation ; organised through political parties and opposed to party politics ; at times overlapping with trade unions and at other times independent and critical of them ; and present in both industrialised and developing nations . Social democracy originated within the socialist movement , supporting economic and social interventions to promote social justice . While having socialism as a long-term goal , it has come to embrace a Keynesian mixed economy within a predominantly , developed capitalist market economy and liberal democratic polity that includes substantial state intervention in the form of income redistribution , regulation and a welfare state ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Commune_(intentional_community)', 'summary': 'A commune ( the French word appearing in the 12th century from Medieval Latin communia , meaning a large gathering of people sharing a common life ; from Latin communis , things held in common ) is an intentional community of people living together , sharing common interests , often having common values and beliefs , as well as shared property , possessions , resources , and , in some communes , work , income or assets . In addition to the communal economy , consensus decision-making , non-hierarchical structures and ecological living have become important core principles for many communes . There are many contemporary intentional communities all over the world , a list of which can be found at the Fellowship for Intentional Community ( FIC ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Equality_Colony', 'summary': 'Equality Colony was a United States socialist colony founded in Skagit County , Washington by a political organization known as the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Commonwealth in the year 1897 . It was meant to serve as a model which would convert the rest of Washington and later the entire continent to socialism .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Census-designated_place', 'summary': "A census-designated place ( CDP ) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only . CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places , such as self-governing cities , towns , and villages , for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data . CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated community , for which the CDP is named , plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and , occasionally , other , smaller unincorporated communities as well . CDPs include small rural communities , colonias located along the Mexico-United States border , and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs . The boundaries of a CDP have no legal status and may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name . However , criteria established for the 2010 Census require that a CDP name be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community ( not a name developed solely for planning or other purposes ) and recommend that a CDP 's boundaries be mapped based on the geographic extent associated with inhabitants ' regular use of the named place . The Census Bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities . In addition , census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County , Virginia 's CDP in the list with the incorporated places , but since 2010 , only the Urban Honolulu CDP , Hawaii representing the historic core of Honolulu , Hawaii , is shown in the city and town estimates ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Freeland,_Washington', 'summary': 'Freeland is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) on Whidbey Island in Island County , Washington , United States . At the time of the 2010 census the population was 2,045 . The town received its name based on its origins as a socialist commune in the early 1900s : in the eyes of its founders , the land of the town was literally to be free for all people . Some of the first settlers were veterans of a prior experiment in socialism , the nearby Equality Colony .'}]}, {'value': 'Post', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C.W . Post', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.W._Post', 'summary': 'Charles William C. W. Post ( October 26 , 1854 - May 9 , 1914 ) was an American inventor , breakfast cereal and foods manufacturer and a pioneer in the prepared-food industry . He was the founder of what is now Post Consumer Brands .'}]}, {'value': '1907', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'now Post , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Post,_Texas', 'summary': 'Post is a city in and the county seat of Garza County , Texas , United States . The population was 5,376 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Llano del Rio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Llano_del_Rio', 'summary': "Llano del Rio was a commune ( or colony ) located in what is now Llano , California , east of Palmdale in the Antelope Valley , Los Angeles County . The colony was devised by lawyer and socialist politician Job Harriman after he had failed his bid to become the mayor of Los Angeles in 1911 . The colony 's land was acquired in 1913 and it was formally launched on May 1 , 1914 . The Llano del Rio Colony settled in the southern edge of the Mojave Desert along Highway 138 near what is now 165th Street East , in the alluvial plain that spread out to the north from the San Gabriel Mountains . The colony took advantage of water from Big Rock Creek , an intermittent stream that flowed from the San Gabriel Mountains . Several structures were constructed using local granite boulders and lumber , including a hotel , meeting house , and water storage tank . There was also a small open aqueduct made of granite cobbles and cement . The remnants of the built features are still visible at the site . During 1918 , the colony was abandoned . Llano del Rio turned out to be too far from other settlements to develop a sustaining economy , and the water supply from Big Rock Creek proved to be unreliable . Some of the settlers , approximately 60 families in all , relocated to form New Llano , Louisiana ."}]}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Job Harriman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Job_Harriman', 'summary': 'Job Harriman ( January 15 , 1861 - October 26 , 1925 ) was an ordained minister who later became an agnostic and a socialist . In 1900 , he ran for Vice President of the United States along with Eugene Debs on the ticket of the Socialist Party of America . He later twice ran for mayor of Los Angeles , drawing considerable attention and support . He also founded a socialist utopian community called Llano del Rio in California , later relocated to Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': '1914', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1918', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unbuilt project by architect and planner Alice Constance Austin with strong emphasis on shared domestic work', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alice_Constance_Austin', 'summary': 'Alice Constance Austin was born to Joseph B. and Sarah L. Austin in 1862 in Chicago , Illinois . She was an architect , city planner , radical feminist , socialist , and designer . Her most famous proposal at Llano del Rio , though never fully realized , greatly impacted later city designs and architectural planning . In 1935 , Austin published her book The Next Step ; How to Plan for Beauty , Comfort , and Peace with Great Savings Effected by the Reduction of Waste , discussing socialism , difficulties with the Llano del Rio project , and some of her other ideas on planning . Her feminist efforts in the history of city planning have gone so far as to influence the development of modern-day issues such as minimum wage , social security , low cost housing , welfare , and universal healthcare .'}]}, {'value': 'Twin Oaks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Twin_Oaks_Community,_Virginia', 'summary': "Twin Oaks Community is an ecovillage and intentional community of about one hundred people living on 450 acres ( 1.8 km2 ) in Louisa County , Virginia . It is a member of the Federation of Egalitarian Communities . Founded in 1967 , it is one of the longest-enduring and largest secular intentional communities in North America . The community 's basic values are cooperation , egalitarianism , non-violence , sustainability , and income sharing . About 100 adults and 17 children live in the community ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'currently active', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '1900s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_American_Utopian_communities_1', 'intro': 'A list of American Utopian communities.'}
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What year was the architect who designed the Llano del Rio community born ?
1862
fe9d97dafdeacc6c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Hunt', 'title': 'Crystal Hunt', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2003-2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guiding Light', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guiding_Light', 'summary': "Guiding Light ( known as The Guiding Light before 1975 ) is an American television soap opera . It is listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running drama in television in American history , broadcast on CBS for 57 years from June 30 , 1952 , until September 18 , 2009 , overlapping a 19-year broadcast on radio from 1937 to 1956 . With 72 years of radio and television runs , Guiding Light is the longest running soap opera , ahead of General Hospital , and is the fifth-longest running program in all of broadcast history ; only the American country music radio program Grand Ole Opry ( first broadcast in 1925 ) , the BBC religious program The Daily Service ( 1928 ) , the CBS religious program Music and the Spoken Word ( 1929 ) , and the Norwegian children 's radio program Lørdagsbarnetimen ( 1924-2010 ) have been on the air longer . [ a ] Guiding Light was created by Irna Phillips , and began as an NBC Radio serial on January 25 , 1937 . On June 2 , 1947 , the series was transferred to CBS Radio , before starting on June 30 , 1952 , on CBS Television . It continued to be broadcast concomitantly on radio until June 29 , 1956 . The series was expanded from 15 minutes to a half-hour during 1968 ( and also switched from broadcasting live to pre-taping around this same time ) , and then to a full hour on November 7 , 1977 . The series broadcast its 15,000th CBS episode on September 6 , 2006 . On April 1 , 2009 , CBS announced the cancellation of Guiding Light after a run of 72 years ( 15 on radio and 57 on television ) due to low ratings . The show taped its final scenes on August 11 , 2009 , and its final episode on the network aired on September 18 , 2009 . On October 5 , 2009 , CBS replaced Guiding Light with an hour-long revival of Let 's Make a Deal , hosted by Wayne Brady ."}]}, {'value': 'Lizzie Spaulding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lizzie_Spaulding', 'summary': "Elizabeth Spaulding Lewis or Lizzie is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera Guiding Light . The role was last portrayed by actress Emme Rylan from February 7 , 2006 to September 18 , 2009 . She is the daughter of Phillip Spaulding and Beth Raines , born onscreen on Thanksgiving in 1990 . Her birth year was later revised to 1986 when she turned 18 in 2004 . She is the third Elizabeth in her family ; her paternal grandmother and mother 's first names are Elizabeth as well . For Lizzie 's battle with leukemia in 2000 , the show received a Special Recognition Award from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society for bringing national awareness of the disease to the attention of daytime viewers ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Derby Stallion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Derby_Stallion', 'summary': 'The Derby Stallion is a 2005 film starring Zac Efron .'}]}, {'value': 'Jill Overton', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CMT : The Greatest', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Herself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_White', 'summary': 'Sydney White is a 2007 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Joe Nussbaum and written by Chad Gomez Creasey based on the story of Snow White . The film , starring Amanda Bynes , Sara Paxton and Matt Long , was released theatrically on September 21 , 2007 by Universal Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'Demetria Dinky Rosemead Hodgekiss', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NYC Underground', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hannah', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009-2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One Life to Live', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/One_Life_to_Live', 'summary': "One Life to Live ( often abbreviated as OLTL ) is an American soap opera broadcast on the ABC television network for more than 43 years , from July 15 , 1968 , to January 13 , 2012 , and then on the internet as a web series on Hulu and iTunes via The Online Network from April 29 to August 19 , 2013 . Created by Agnes Nixon , the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature ethnically and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues . One Life to Live was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26 , 1976 , and then to an hour on January 16 , 1978 . One Life to Live heavily focuses on the members and relationships of the Lord family . Actress Erika Slezak began portraying the series ' central protagonist Victoria Viki Lord in March 1971 and played the character continuously for the rest of the show 's run on ABC Daytime , winning a record six Daytime Emmy Awards for the role . In 2002 , the series won an Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series . One Life to Live was the last American daytime soap opera taped in New York City . After nearly 43 years on the air , ABC canceled One Life to Live on April 14 , 2011 . On July 7 , 2011 , production company Prospect Park announced that it would continue the show as a web series after its run on ABC , but later suspended the project . The show taped its final scenes for ABC on November 18 , 2011 , and its final episode on the network aired on January 13 , 2012 with a cliffhanger . On January 7 , 2013 , Prospect Park resumed its plan to continue One Life to Live as a daily 30-minute web series on Hulu and iTunes via The Online Network . The relaunched series premiered on April 29 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Stacy Morasco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stacy_Morasco', 'summary': 'A list of notable characters from the ABC soap opera One Life to Live that began their run between the beginning of 2000 and the end of 2009 :'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23 Blast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/23_Blast', 'summary': '23 Blast is a 2013 American sports drama film directed by Dylan Baker . The film was written by Bram and Toni Hoover , inspired by the story of Travis Freeman , a Kentucky teen who loses his sight , but eventually overcomes the challenges of his disability , and continues to live his dream of playing football . Travis is portrayed by Mark Hapka in the film . The film was produced by Touchdown Productions , LLC and Toy Gun Films . Stephen Lang , Alexa PenaVega , Max Adler and Becky Ann Baker also starred in the film .'}]}, {'value': 'Molly', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magic Mike XXL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic_Mike_XXL', 'summary': "Magic Mike XXL is a 2015 American comedy-drama film directed by Gregory Jacobs , written by Reid Carolin and starring Channing Tatum , Matt Bomer , Kevin Nash and Joe Manganiello . A sequel to 2012 's Magic Mike , the film premiered in Hollywood on June 26 , 2015 with subsequent European premiere in London on June 30 , 2015 . The film was released on July 1 , 2015 , received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 122 million ."}]}, {'value': 'Lauren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lauren', 'summary': "Lauren may be a given name or surname . The name 's meaning may be laurel tree , sweet of honor , or wisdom . It is derived from the French name Laurence , a feminine version of Laurent . Lauren is a popular name in the UK , the US , and Australia . In the U.S. the name ranked # 170 in 2018 and # 148 in 2017 . The name was most popular in the U.S. in the 1980s and 1990s ."}]}, {'value': '2015-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queens of Drama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queens_of_Drama', 'summary': 'Queens of Drama is an American scripted reality drama television series . The series follows former daytime and primetime soap stars who form a production company to develop and produce of a new serialized drama pilot for television . It stars Lindsay Hartley , Crystal Hunt , Vanessa Marcil , Chrystee Pharris , and Hunter Tylo , along with Donna Mills as a fictionalized version of herself . Mills stars as a no-nonsense queen bee of the group . The series debuted on POP on April 26 , 2015 . The first season has 10 episodes .'}]}, {'value': 'Herself', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herself', 'summary': 'In general linguistics , a reflexive pronoun , sometimes simply called a reflexive , is an anaphoric pronoun that must be coreferential with another nominal ( its antecedent ) within the same clause . In the English language specifically , a reflexive pronoun will end in - self or - selves , and refer to a previously named noun or pronoun ( myself , yourself , ourselves , themselves , etc ) , and intensive pronouns , used for emphasis , take the same form . In generative grammar , a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent ( see binding ) . In a general sense , it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence . Different languages have different binding domains for reflexive pronouns , according to their structure .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Talbot County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Executive Producer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Executive_Producer', 'summary': "Executive producer ( EP ) is one of the top positions in the making of a commercial entertainment product . Depending on the medium , the executive producer may be concerned with management accounting or associated with legal issues ( like copyrights or royalties ) . In films , the executive producer generally contributes to the film 's budget and their involvement depends on the project with some simply securing funds and others getting involved in the filmmaking process ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Crystal_Hunt_0', 'intro': 'Crystal Clarese Hunt (born February 5, 1985 in Clearwater, Florida) is an American actress and producer. She is best known for playing Lizzie Spaulding (2003-06) on Guiding Light. She also played Stacy Morasco (2009-10) on One Life to Live.'}
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In what year did Crystal Hunt perform in a film that grossed $ 122 million ?
2015
fe9e3273f98ac7ab
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finder_Darts_Masters', 'title': 'Finder Darts Masters', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner ( average in final )', 'Score', 'Runner-Up ( average in final )'], 'data': [{'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francis Hoenselaar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Hoenselaar', 'summary': "Francisca ( Francis ) Hoenselaar ( born 15 January 1965 in Rotterdam , South Holland ) is a retired Dutch professional darts player from the Netherlands . She was nicknamed The Dutch Crown . A leading player in the women 's game , Hoenselaar was the 2009 British Darts Organisation Women 's World Darts Champion , having defeated Trina Gulliver in the final . Prior to this , she had been runner-up no fewer than five times - each time losing to Gulliver ."}]}, {'value': '3 - 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mandy Solomons', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deta Hedman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deta_Hedman', 'summary': 'Deta Hedman ( born 14 November 1959 in Kingston , Jamaica ) is an English darts player . She plays in British Darts Organisation events .'}]}, {'value': '3 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francis Hoenselaar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Hoenselaar', 'summary': "Francisca ( Francis ) Hoenselaar ( born 15 January 1965 in Rotterdam , South Holland ) is a retired Dutch professional darts player from the Netherlands . She was nicknamed The Dutch Crown . A leading player in the women 's game , Hoenselaar was the 2009 British Darts Organisation Women 's World Darts Champion , having defeated Trina Gulliver in the final . Prior to this , she had been runner-up no fewer than five times - each time losing to Gulliver ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': "The 2008 Zuiderduin Darts Masters was a darts competition held from December 12 to December 14 , 2008 , in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands , run by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation . Having been an unranked event in previous years , it was installed as a major tournament in the BDO/WDF darts calendar , following the disbanding of the International Darts League and the World Darts Trophy . Also , for the first time , a women 's competition was held . In the men 's event , number one seed Gary Anderson defended his title with a 5-4 win over number two seed , Scott Waites . The women 's event was won by Lisa Ashton , who replaced the initial top seed Anastasia Dobromyslova following her withdrawal , beating Trina Gulliver in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Lisa Ashton ( 78.42 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Ashton', 'summary': "Lisa Ashton ( born 27 August 1970 ) is an English darts player and four-time British Darts Organisation women 's world champion , who currently plays in Professional Darts Corporation events ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trina Gulliver ( 65.91 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trina_Gulliver', 'summary': "Catrina Elizabeth Gulliver MBE ( born 30 November 1969 ) is an English professional darts player . She is the ten-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . Her nickname is Golden Girl and in 2003 she was named as the BBC Midlands Sports Personality Of The Year ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': "The 2009 Zuiderduin Masters was a British Darts Organisation darts tournament that took place on 11-13 December in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . It was the 11th staging of the event , and the last tournament to be staged that year . The competition saw Darryl Fitton hit a nine-dart finish during his quarter-final match against Ross Montgomery , becoming the first player to achieve the feat in the Zuiderduin 's history . Fitton went on to win the tournament , with a 4 sets to 2 win over Martin Adams in the final , becoming the third Englishman to claim the title . The women 's event was won by Wales ' Julie Gore , who triumphed against Tricia Wright 2 sets to 0 . Gore 's three dart average of 86.07 was the highest recognized average for a ladies player in a BDO major , since Anastasia Dobromyslova 's 81.54 average in the 2008 World Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Julie Gore ( 86.07 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julie_Gore', 'summary': 'Julie Gore ( born 5 August 1958 ) is a former Welsh darts player .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tricia Wright ( 81.75 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tricia_Wright', 'summary': 'Tricia Wright ( born 1 September 1958 in Epping ) is an English darts player from Mitcham in Surrey . Her nickname is The Wright Stuff .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': "The 2010 Zuiderduin Masters was a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . Ross Montgomery won the men 's title , beating Robbie Green 5-4 in sets having been 4-0 down ."}]}, {'value': 'Trina Gulliver ( 78.60 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trina_Gulliver', 'summary': "Catrina Elizabeth Gulliver MBE ( born 30 November 1969 ) is an English professional darts player . She is the ten-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . Her nickname is Golden Girl and in 2003 she was named as the BBC Midlands Sports Personality Of The Year ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Francis Hoenselaar ( 71.79 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Hoenselaar', 'summary': "Francisca ( Francis ) Hoenselaar ( born 15 January 1965 in Rotterdam , South Holland ) is a retired Dutch professional darts player from the Netherlands . She was nicknamed The Dutch Crown . A leading player in the women 's game , Hoenselaar was the 2009 British Darts Organisation Women 's World Darts Champion , having defeated Trina Gulliver in the final . Prior to this , she had been runner-up no fewer than five times - each time losing to Gulliver ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2011 Zuiderduin Masters was a British Darts Organisation darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . It was the 13th staging of the event , and the last tournament to be staged that year . Scott Waites was in blistering form as he won the tournament for the first time , beating Martin Adams to get to the final in a sudden-death leg with a 105.12 average . Darryl Fitton was his opponent in the final , and missed two match darts for a 5-3 victory and his second Zuiderduin Masters win . Waites missed the double 18 for a nine-dart finish on his way to completing the comeback . It was a very high scoring match , with Waites hitting 16 180s and Fitton hitting 15 .'}]}, {'value': 'Deta Hedman ( 81.99 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deta_Hedman', 'summary': 'Deta Hedman ( born 14 November 1959 in Kingston , Jamaica ) is an English darts player . She plays in British Darts Organisation events .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aileen de Graaf ( 68.25 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_de_Graaf', 'summary': 'Aileen de Graaf ( born 25 April 1990 ) is a Dutch darts player playing in the British Darts Organisation .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2013 Zuiderduin Masters was a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . Stephen Bunting won the tournament for the first time beating Alan Norris in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Anastasia Dobromyslova ( 74.34 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasia_Dobromyslova', 'summary': "Anastasia Petrovna Dobromyslova-Martin ( Russian : Анастаси́я Петро́вна Добромы́слова ; born 26 September 1984 ) is a professional darts player . She is a three-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . After winning her first title in 2008 , she decided to join the rival male-dominated Professional Darts Corporation to play in their World Championship in 2009 . After rejoining the BDO in 2011 , she won her second World Championship in 2012 and a third in 2013 . She uses the song Bring Me to Life by Evanescence . She carries the name From Russia With Love , although Dobromyslova has stated herself that it is n't an official nickname . She is more commonly known as just Anastasia due to the difficulty English-speaking commentators and announcers have pronouncing her surname ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aileen de Graaf ( 84.69 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_de_Graaf', 'summary': 'Aileen de Graaf ( born 25 April 1990 ) is a Dutch darts player playing in the British Darts Organisation .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2013 Zuiderduin Masters was a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands . James Wilson won the tournament for the first time , beating defending champion and number one seed Stephen Bunting in the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Aileen de Graaf ( 74.34 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_de_Graaf', 'summary': 'Aileen de Graaf ( born 25 April 1990 ) is a Dutch darts player playing in the British Darts Organisation .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anastasia Dobromyslova ( 74.34 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasia_Dobromyslova', 'summary': "Anastasia Petrovna Dobromyslova-Martin ( Russian : Анастаси́я Петро́вна Добромы́слова ; born 26 September 1984 ) is a professional darts player . She is a three-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . After winning her first title in 2008 , she decided to join the rival male-dominated Professional Darts Corporation to play in their World Championship in 2009 . After rejoining the BDO in 2011 , she won her second World Championship in 2012 and a third in 2013 . She uses the song Bring Me to Life by Evanescence . She carries the name From Russia With Love , although Dobromyslova has stated herself that it is n't an official nickname . She is more commonly known as just Anastasia due to the difficulty English-speaking commentators and announcers have pronouncing her surname ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2014 Zuiderduin Masters is a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': 'Anastasia Dobromyslova ( 78.09 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasia_Dobromyslova', 'summary': "Anastasia Petrovna Dobromyslova-Martin ( Russian : Анастаси́я Петро́вна Добромы́слова ; born 26 September 1984 ) is a professional darts player . She is a three-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . After winning her first title in 2008 , she decided to join the rival male-dominated Professional Darts Corporation to play in their World Championship in 2009 . After rejoining the BDO in 2011 , she won her second World Championship in 2012 and a third in 2013 . She uses the song Bring Me to Life by Evanescence . She carries the name From Russia With Love , although Dobromyslova has stated herself that it is n't an official nickname . She is more commonly known as just Anastasia due to the difficulty English-speaking commentators and announcers have pronouncing her surname ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aileen de Graaf ( 71.88 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_de_Graaf', 'summary': 'Aileen de Graaf ( born 25 April 1990 ) is a Dutch darts player playing in the British Darts Organisation .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Zuiderduin_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2015 Zuiderduin Masters is a BDO/WDF darts tournament that took place in Egmond aan Zee , Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': 'Fallon Sherrock ( 88.41 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fallon_Sherrock', 'summary': "Fallon Sherrock ( born 1 July 1994 ) is an English professional darts player who plays in British Darts Organisation events . Born in Milton Keynes , Buckinghamshire , Sherrock reached the final of the 2015 BDO Women 's World Darts Championship , where she was runner up to Lisa Ashton . In 2019 , Sherrock became the first female to win a match , and subsequently two consecutive matches , at the PDC World Championships , first by beating Ted Evetts 3-2 in the first round , and then Mensur Suljović 3-1 in the second round , before eventually losing 4-2 to Chris Dobey in the third round ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anastasia Dobromyslova ( 73.95 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasia_Dobromyslova', 'summary': "Anastasia Petrovna Dobromyslova-Martin ( Russian : Анастаси́я Петро́вна Добромы́слова ; born 26 September 1984 ) is a professional darts player . She is a three-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . After winning her first title in 2008 , she decided to join the rival male-dominated Professional Darts Corporation to play in their World Championship in 2009 . After rejoining the BDO in 2011 , she won her second World Championship in 2012 and a third in 2013 . She uses the song Bring Me to Life by Evanescence . She carries the name From Russia With Love , although Dobromyslova has stated herself that it is n't an official nickname . She is more commonly known as just Anastasia due to the difficulty English-speaking commentators and announcers have pronouncing her surname ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anastasia Dobromyslova ( 77.60 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasia_Dobromyslova', 'summary': "Anastasia Petrovna Dobromyslova-Martin ( Russian : Анастаси́я Петро́вна Добромы́слова ; born 26 September 1984 ) is a professional darts player . She is a three-time Women 's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation . After winning her first title in 2008 , she decided to join the rival male-dominated Professional Darts Corporation to play in their World Championship in 2009 . After rejoining the BDO in 2011 , she won her second World Championship in 2012 and a third in 2013 . She uses the song Bring Me to Life by Evanescence . She carries the name From Russia With Love , although Dobromyslova has stated herself that it is n't an official nickname . She is more commonly known as just Anastasia due to the difficulty English-speaking commentators and announcers have pronouncing her surname ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aileen de Graaf ( 70.71 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_de_Graaf', 'summary': 'Aileen de Graaf ( born 25 April 1990 ) is a Dutch darts player playing in the British Darts Organisation .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aileen de Graaf ( 75.78 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_de_Graaf', 'summary': 'Aileen de Graaf ( born 25 April 1990 ) is a Dutch darts player playing in the British Darts Organisation .'}]}, {'value': '2 - 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deta Hedman ( 66.31 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deta_Hedman', 'summary': 'Deta Hedman ( born 14 November 1959 in Kingston , Jamaica ) is an English darts player . She plays in British Darts Organisation events .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Finder_Darts_Masters', 'summary': 'The 2018 Finder Darts Masters was a major darts tournament run by the British Darts Organisation . It was held between 7 and 9 December 2018 at Hotel Zuiderduin , Egmond aan Zee .'}]}, {'value': 'Lisa Ashton ( 88.68 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Ashton', 'summary': "Lisa Ashton ( born 27 August 1970 ) is an English darts player and four-time British Darts Organisation women 's world champion , who currently plays in Professional Darts Corporation events ."}]}, {'value': '2 - 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fallon Sherrock ( 84.58 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fallon_Sherrock', 'summary': "Fallon Sherrock ( born 1 July 1994 ) is an English professional darts player who plays in British Darts Organisation events . Born in Milton Keynes , Buckinghamshire , Sherrock reached the final of the 2015 BDO Women 's World Darts Championship , where she was runner up to Lisa Ashton . In 2019 , Sherrock became the first female to win a match , and subsequently two consecutive matches , at the PDC World Championships , first by beating Ted Evetts 3-2 in the first round , and then Mensur Suljović 3-1 in the second round , before eventually losing 4-2 to Chris Dobey in the third round ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Finals -- Women', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Zuiderduin_Masters_1', 'intro': "The Finder Darts Masters was a darts tournament held in Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands, sanctioned by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation, running intermittently under several different names from 1995 to 2018. The tournament was previously known as the Zuiderduin Masters from 2007 to 2014, as the Leendesk Masters in 2005, as the Doeland Grand Masters from 2001 to 2004, as the European Grand Masters in 2000, and as the Dutch Grand Masters in 1995 and 1996. It was held in December and was traditionally the last BDO event held before the annual World Championship. The tournament was an unranked event until 2008, when it was installed as a ranking event, along with the World Championships and the World Masters, following the cancellation of the World Darts Trophy and the International Darts League. The organizers of the event announced in 2019 that that year's event would not take place due to the termination of the sponsorship with Dutch e-commerce company Finder, and the tournament has been discontinued."}
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Which 2011 player is older ?
Deta Hedman
fe9e44ae2175081f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond_Blossom_Cross_Country', 'title': 'Almond Blossom Cross Country', 'header': ['Athlete', 'Country', 'Wins', 'Years'], 'data': [{'value': 'Thomas Nyariki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Nyariki', 'summary': 'Tom ( Thomas ) Nyariki ( born September 27 , 1971 in Nyamira ) is a long-distance runner from Kenya . Most notably he won a bronze medal on the 5,000 metres at the 1997 World Championships . Nyariki is married to Jackline Maranga . Nyariki represents the Kisii tribe from Nyanza . He trains with Kimbia Athletics and is coached by Dieter Hogen . Recently he has competed mostly in road running races in the USA .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josphat Kiprono Menjo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josphat_Kiprono_Menjo', 'summary': 'Josphat Kiprono Menjo ( born 20 August 1979 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in track and road running . A relative latecomer to athletics , Menjo began competing around 2002 and first represented his country at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics , where he was fifth in the 5000 metres . A silver medal in the event at the 2007 All-Africa Games was followed by an eighth-place finish on the global stage , running in the 10,000 metres at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics . He won the San Silvestre Vallecana 10K race at the end of the year . He returned to the continental stage with another fifth place at the 2008 African Championships in Athletics and he continued his road success in Spain with consecutive wins at the Cursa de Bombers in 2008 and 2009 . Entering into his thirties , Menjo had a career breakthrough in 2010 , recording many personal bests : he won the Cursa Bombers in 27:04 minutes to become the joint third fastest over the distance and ran 26:56.74 for the 10,000 m - the fastest by any athlete that year .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fernando Mamede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernando_Mamede', 'summary': 'Fernando Eugénio Pacheco Mamede , ComM ( born 1 November 1951 ) is a former Portuguese athlete , a long distance running specialist . He was born in Beja . Together with Carlos Lopes , he is one of the best Portuguese male long distance runners ever , and held the 10,000 metres world record ( 1984-1989 ) with a time of 27:13.81 until bettered by Arturo Barrios of Mexico . He also competed at three Olympic Games . However , he never won any high-level competition as he dealt very badly with pressure . In the European and World Athletics Championships and Olympics where he competed between 1971 and 1984 , he either was eliminated from the finals , placed outside the top ten runners in them or dropped out of the final . In the 1983 World Championships in Athletics and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics , he ran excellently in the 10,000-metre qualifying heats , but he placed 14th in the World Championships final and failed to finish in the Olympic final . He remains one of fastest Europeans of all time in the 10,000 metres . Mamede also competed in cross country running , taking part in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships eleven times . His cross country career was highlighted by a bronze medal at the 1981 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and two wins at the Cross Internacional de Itálica .'}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 , 1981 , 1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aurora Cunha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aurora_Cunha', 'summary': "Aurora Cunha ( born May 31 , 1959 in Ronfe , near Guimarães ) is a retired long-distance runner from Portugal , living in Póvoa de Varzim . From 1984-1992 she represented her native country in three consecutive Olympic Games . Cunha 's greatest successes were in road running , at which she was a three-time World Champion . She also won several marathons during her career , including Paris ( 1988 ) , Tokyo ( 1988 ) , Chicago ( 1990 ) and Rotterdam ( 1992 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982 , 1983 , 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wendy Smith-Sly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wendy_Smith-Sly', 'summary': 'Wendy Sly MBE ( née Smith , born 5 November 1959 ) is a female British former athlete , who competed mainly in the 3000 metres . She won a silver medal in the event at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics . She won the 1983 10km World Road Race Championships in San Diego .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 , 1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Zimmermann', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979 , 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosa Mota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosa_Mota', 'summary': "Rosa Maria Correia dos Santos Mota , GCIH , GCM ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁɔzɐ ˈmɔtɐ ] ; born 29 June 1958 ) is a Portuguese former marathon runner , one of her country 's foremost athletes , being the first sportswoman from Portugal to win Olympic gold . Mota was the first woman to win multiple Olympic marathon medals as well as being the only woman to be the reigning European , World , and Olympic champion at the same time . On the 30th Anniversary Gala of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races ( AIMS ) she was distinguished as the greatest female marathon runner of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978 , 1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'António Leitão', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/António_Leitão', 'summary': 'António Carlos Carvalho Nogueira Leitão OIH ( 22 July 1960 - 18 March 2012 ) was a Portuguese athlete who mainly competed in the long distance events .'}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985 , 1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'José Regalo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Regalo', 'summary': "José Alberto Teixeira Regalo ( born 22 November 1963 ) is a Portuguese long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 5000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988 , 1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ondoro Osoro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ondoro_Osoro', 'summary': 'Ondoro Osoro ( born 3 December 1967 ) is a former Kenyan long-distance runner who competed mostly in cross country and road races . In his early career he won a series of cross country races in Europe ( taking the first IAAF World Cross Challenge title ) and twice represented Kenya at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships . He also ran the 5000 metres on the track , competing at the World Championships in Athletics and winning a bronze medal at the 1991 All-Africa Games . He won the San Silvestre Vallecana 10 km road race three times during this period . A serious car accident in 1995 left him unable to compete for two years , but he returned to action with a world record for the 10-mile ( 16 km ) run in late 1997 . On his debut over the 42,195 kilometres ( 26,219 mi ) distance , he won the 1998 Chicago Marathon with a time of 2:06:54 hours , which ranked him as the third fastest ever at that point and was the fastest ever debut run for the marathon . He was third in Chicago in 1999 and came fourth at the 2000 Boston Marathon . He was picked for the Kenyan Olympic team at the 2000 Sydney Games , but was shot in the neck during a carjacking in Kenya a month before the competition . He began running again in 2001 , but the kidnapping of his son and a bout of malaria reduced his competitive appearances . Although nerve damage from the shooting meant he ran with a constant lean to the right , he placed third at the 2002 Honolulu Marathon and won the San Diego Marathon in 2003 . He went on to have two more top ten finishes in the San Diego race and placed ninth in the 2004 Frankfurt Marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993 , 1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catherina McKiernan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catherina_McKiernan', 'summary': 'Catherina McKiernan ( born 30 November 1969 in Cornafean , County Cavan ) is a former long-distance runner from Ireland , who competed in the marathon , 10,000 metres and cross country running .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991 , 1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gabriela Szabo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gabriela_Szabo', 'summary': 'Gabriela Szabo ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ɡabriˈela ˈsabo ] , born 14 November 1975 ) is a retired Romanian runner . She competed in the 1500 m and 5000 m events at the 1996 and 2000 Olympics and won a gold , a silver and a bronze medal . Szabo was born to a Romanian mother and a Hungarian father . Szabo is a three-time world champion . Throughout her entire career she was coached by Zsolt Gyöngyössy , whom she eventually married . In May 2005 she retired from competitions due to exhaustion . She remains the European record holder in the 3000 m. As of 19 August 2013 she held the honorific title of Romanian Tourism Ambassador , together with other 7 cultural and sport personalities of Romania . On 5 March 2014 , she was appointed Minister of Youth and Sport in the Victor Ponta social-democratic government . Then she was offered some other sinecures .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 , 1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick Ivuti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Ivuti', 'summary': 'Patrick Mukutu Ivuti ( born June 30 , 1978 , Machakos , Kenya ) is a Kenyan long distance athlete , who currently resides in Nairobi , Kenya . A two-time silver medallist at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships , he made his marathon debut in 2005 and had his first major victory at the Chicago Marathon in 2007 . He had back-to-back wins at the Honolulu Marathon in 2008-2009 and was the 2009 winner of the Prague Marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001 , 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeļena Prokopčuka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeļena_Prokopčuka', 'summary': 'Jeļena Prokopčuka ( née Čelnova ; born 21 September 1976 in Riga , Latvia ) is a Latvian long-distance runner , best known for winning the New York City Marathon in 2005 and 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Latvia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latvia', 'summary': "Latvia ( /ˈlɑːtviə/ or /ˈlætviə/ ( listen ) ; Latvian : Latvija [ ˈlatvija ] , Livonian : Lețmō ) , officially known as the Republic of Latvia ( Latvian : Latvijas Republika , Livonian : Lețmō Vabāmō ) , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe . Since its independence , Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states . It is bordered by Estonia to the north , Lithuania to the south , Russia to the east , Belarus to the southeast , and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west . Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of 64,589 km2 ( 24,938 sq mi ) . The country has a temperate seasonal climate . The Baltic Sea moderates climate , although it has four distinct seasons and snowy winters . After centuries of Swedish , Polish and Russian rule , a rule mainly executed by the Baltic German aristocracy , the Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 when it broke away from the Russian Empire and declared independence in the aftermath of World War I . However , by the 1930s the country became increasingly autocratic after the coup in 1934 establishing an authoritarian regime under Kārlis Ulmanis . The country 's de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II , beginning with Latvia 's forcible incorporation into the Soviet Union , followed by the invasion and occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 , and the re-occupation by the Soviets in 1944 ( Courland Pocket in 1945 ) to form the Latvian SSR for the next 45 years . The peaceful Singing Revolution , starting in 1987 , called for Baltic emancipation from Soviet rule and condemning the Communist regime 's illegal takeover . It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990 and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991 . Latvia is a democratic sovereign state , parliamentary republic and a very highly developed country according to the United Nations Human Development Index ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gorreti Chepkoech', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 , 2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Multiple winners', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Almond_Blossom_Cross_Country_1', 'intro': 'The Almond Blossom Cross Country (Portuguese: Cross Internacional das Amendoeiras em Flor) is an annual international cross country running competition which takes place in Albufeira, Portugal, in early March. It is one of the IAAF permit meetings which serve as qualifying events for the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. It is held in co-operation with the Associação de Atletismo do Algarve (Algarve Athletics Association). The race gets its name from the white blossom which appears on the almond trees native to the Algarve region during the spring.'}
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What year has the country of the athlete who won a silver medal in the event at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics existed under its current name since ?
1921
fe9e8fdfe36551fa
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Flags_Darien_Lake', 'title': 'Six Flags Darien Lake', 'header': ['Roller Coaster', 'Opened', 'Manufacturer', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Boomerang : Coast to Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boomerang:_Coast_to_Coaster', 'summary': "Boomerang : Coast to Coaster is a steel roller coaster of shuttle design currently in use at four different Six Flags & EPR theme parks . The ride was designed and manufactured by Vekoma , and is considered as one of its boomerang models . Each coaster has one train with a capacity of 28 , two across in each row . Unlike Vekoma 's suspended trains , Boomerang : Coast to Coaster operates a sit-down design . When the coaster starts , the train is pulled backwards up the lift hill , then dropped through the loading gate through a cobra roll and then one loop . At the end of this cycle the train is pulled up the lift hill at the end of the track , then dropped once again allowing the train to go back through the loops backwards , hence the name Boomerang : Coast to Coaster ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vekoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vekoma', 'summary': 'Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Dutch amusement ride manufacturer . Vekoma is an abbreviation of Veld Koning Machinefabriek ( Veld Koning Machine Factory ) and was established in 1926 by Hendrik op het Veld . They originally manufactured farm equipment and later made steel constructions for the coal mining industry in the 1950s , After the closure of Dutch mines in 1965 , they manufactured steel pipes for the petrochemical industry . Since the 1970s , they have manufactured amusement rides . In 2018 , Vekoma was acquired by Sansei Technologies , the parent company of American ride manufacturer S & S Sansei .'}]}, {'value': 'A Boomerang Shuttle roller coaster . This ride is located on the edge of Fun Lake in the Darien Square section of the park . The coaster features a 120-foot ( 37 m ) tall backwards lift hill , a cobra roll and a loop . The train passes both forwards and backwards through both inversion elements', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shuttle_roller_coaster', 'summary': "A shuttle roller coaster is any roller coaster that ultimately does not make a complete circuit , but rather reverses at some point throughout its course and traverses the same track backwards . These are sometimes referred to as boomerang roller coasters , due to the ubiquity of Vekoma 's Boomerang coaster model ."}]}, {'value': 'Hoot N Holler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoot_N_Holler', 'summary': 'Hoot N Holler is a steel family roller coaster at Six Flags Darien Lake in New York . It is manufactured by Zierer .'}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zierer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zierer', 'summary': 'Zierer Karussell- und Spezialmaschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG ( Short name : Zierer ) is a German company located close to Deggendorf . Zierer manufactures Tivoli and Force line of roller coasters , as well as panoramic wheels , wave swingers , flying carpets , Hexentanz and Kontiki rides . The company also has partnered with Schwarzkopf to build Lisebergbanan at Liseberg and Knightmare at Camelot Theme Park . The name of the company , translated from German , is Zierer Carousel and Special Machine Construction . Special machine construction refers to amusement rides such as roller coasters or wave swingers . Zierer was founded in 1930 , and is a subsidiary of Max Streicher GmbH & Co. KG aA .'}]}, {'value': "A steel kiddie roller coaster . Formerly called Ladybug and Nessie the Dreamy Dragon while it was part of Adventure Land for Kids . The ride was also part of the Tiny Trio and used to be called Brain Teaser . In 2012 , the train was remodeled to look like an owl and the ride was given the name Hoot N Holler so that it would fit in with the new Rowdy 's Ridge theme", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mind Eraser', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vekoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vekoma', 'summary': 'Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Dutch amusement ride manufacturer . Vekoma is an abbreviation of Veld Koning Machinefabriek ( Veld Koning Machine Factory ) and was established in 1926 by Hendrik op het Veld . They originally manufactured farm equipment and later made steel constructions for the coal mining industry in the 1950s , After the closure of Dutch mines in 1965 , they manufactured steel pipes for the petrochemical industry . Since the 1970s , they have manufactured amusement rides . In 2018 , Vekoma was acquired by Sansei Technologies , the parent company of American ride manufacturer S & S Sansei .'}]}, {'value': "A steel Suspended Looping Coaster , which is considered to be New York 's only Suspended Looping Coaster . This ride is approximately 120 feet ( 37 m ) with 5 inversions including a heart-loop ( half loop followed by twist followed by another half loop )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suspended_Looping_Coaster', 'summary': 'The Suspended Looping Coaster ( or SLC , as referred to by coaster enthusiasts ) is a model of steel inverted roller coaster built by Vekoma . There are at least 39 different installations across the world . The minimum rider height requirement is 130 centimetres ( 4 ft 3 in ) . In 2020 Vekoma will open their new Suspended Thrill Coaster which is the successor to the Suspended Looping Coaster .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Suspended_Looping_Coaster', 'summary': 'The Suspended Looping Coaster ( or SLC , as referred to by coaster enthusiasts ) is a model of steel inverted roller coaster built by Vekoma . There are at least 39 different installations across the world . The minimum rider height requirement is 130 centimetres ( 4 ft 3 in ) . In 2020 Vekoma will open their new Suspended Thrill Coaster which is the successor to the Suspended Looping Coaster .'}]}, {'value': 'Moto Coaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moto_Coaster_(Darien_Lake)', 'summary': "The MotoCoaster is a motorbike roller coaster at Six Flags Darien Lake in Darien , New York . It was the park 's first launch coaster , and was the first MotoCoaster by Zamperla to be installed in the United States , though the Pony Express , a similar type of coaster with horse themed trains , was constructed around the same time and is currently operating at Knott 's Berry Farm . Darien Lake partnered with Orange County Choppers for naming rights for the coaster , along with a promotional giveaway of a custom painted OCC motorcycle , and a custom built bike to remain at the park . The coaster installed at Darien Lake is actually the prototype coaster that was used for tuning and testing at Zamperla 's factory in Italy . The coaster was originally named the Orange County Choppers Motocoaster ( OCC Motocoaster ) when it first opened in 2008 . However , the name was changed to the Moto Coaster in 2010 after the naming rights with Orange County Choppers expired ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zamperla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zamperla', 'summary': "Antonio Zamperla S.p.A. is an Italian design and manufacturing company founded in 1966 . It is best known for creating family rides , thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The company also makes smaller coin-operated rides commonly found inside shopping malls . Zamperla builds roller coasters , like the powered Dragon Coaster , Mini Mouse , Zig Zag , and Volare . In 2006 , Zamperla announced Motocoaster , a motorcycle-themed roller coaster . Rights to some of S.D.C . 's rides were handed to Zamperla ( along with S & C and S & MC ) after the company went bankrupt in 1993 . In 2005 the founder of the company , Mr. Antonio Zamperla , became the first Italian to be inducted into the IAAPA Hall of Fame by virtue of his significant contribution to the entire industry , joining other pioneers such as Walt Disney , George Ferris and Walter Knott . Unlike companies such as Intamin , Vekoma , or Bolliger & Mabillard that concentrate on larger and faster roller coasters , Zamperla focuses on more family-friendly roller coasters that can be easily mass-produced , taken down , and transported to different locations . They are also a major manufacturer of flat rides with such names as : Balloon Race , Bumper cars , Disk ' O , Ferris wheel , Water Flume Ride , Galleon/Swinging Ship , Sky Drop , Discovery , Windshear , Tornado , Energy Storm , Z-Force , Mixer , Rotoshake , Turbo Force , Power Surge , and Mini Jet ."}]}, {'value': 'A Motorbike roller coaster which was the first of its kind in the United States . The Orange County Choppers branding was removed in 2010 . The coaster launches riders from 0 to 40 miles per hour ( 0 to 64 km/h ) in several seconds up to the top , followed by dips and turns on the way down before reaching the brakes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motorbike_roller_coaster', 'summary': "A motorbike roller coaster is a type of steel roller coaster designed with motorcycle type cars . Booster Bike at Toverland was the world 's first motorbike roller coaster . Vekoma was the first company to design such a ride , although Intamin and Zamperla have since created similar designs . A similar but unrelated Steeplechase roller coaster was Knott 's Berry Farm 's Motorcycle Chase by Arrow Dynamics which opened in 1976 . That attraction featured single motorbike themed vehicles racing side-by-side , each on one of four parallel tracks , launched together . It was retrofitted in 1980 as Wacky Soap Box Racers until removed in 1996 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Predator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Predator_(roller_coaster)', 'summary': 'Predator is a wooden roller coaster located at Six Flags Darien Lake . It was designed by Curtis D. Summers and built by Dinn Corporation and opened in 1990 .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dinn Corporation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dinn_Corporation', 'summary': 'Dinn Corporation was a roller coaster designing and manufacturing company established in West Chester , Ohio in 1983 by Charles Dinn . The company is noted for moving and rebuilding several existing wooden coasters and building ten new wooden roller coasters in the United States .'}]}, {'value': "A wooden roller coaster . The Predator currently holds the title of New York 's largest wooden roller coaster . In 2010 , used trains from The Voyage were added to the ride", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Predator_(roller_coaster)', 'summary': 'Predator is a wooden roller coaster located at Six Flags Darien Lake . It was designed by Curtis D. Summers and built by Dinn Corporation and opened in 1990 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Voyage_(roller_coaster)', 'summary': "The Voyage is a wooden roller coaster located at Holiday World & Splashin ' Safari in Santa Claus , Indiana . Designed and built by The Gravity Group with the help of designers Mike Graham , Korey Kiepert , Larry Bill , Chad Miller , and former park President Will Koch , the roller coaster is themed to the famous voyage of the Mayflower by Pilgrims to North America in 1620 . It opened to the public on May 6 , 2006 . Among wooden coasters , The Voyage ranks second in length and sixth in height , featuring a track length of 6,442 feet ( 1,964 m ) and a maximum height of 173 feet ( 53 m ) . Also , its 24.3 seconds of air-time is the most produced on a wooden coaster to date . Another unique statistic is the ride 's five underground tunnels . In 2006 , it won a Golden Ticket Award for Best New Ride from Amusement Today magazine , which also ranked The Voyage as the Best Wooden Roller Coaster from 2007 through 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ride of Steel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Superman_–_Ride_of_Steel', 'summary': 'Superman - Ride of Steel is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags America in Woodmore , Maryland . Ride of Steel is an identical roller coaster located at Six Flags Darien Lake in Darien , New York , which originally had the same name until the park opted to drop Superman from the title in 2006 . Both hypercoasters were manufactured by Intamin and opened a year apart , beginning with the Darien Lake installation in May 1999 . They are 208 feet ( 63 m ) tall , feature a drop length of 205 feet ( 62 m ) , and reach a maximum speed of 73 mph ( 117 km/h ) . A roller coaster that opened at Six Flags New England in 2000 , Superman the Ride , previously shared the same name until 2009 , but it features a significantly different layout .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intamin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Intamin', 'summary': 'Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau , Switzerland . It is best known for creating thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The Intamin brand name is an abbreviation for international amusement installations . The company has offices throughout the world including three in Europe , three in Asia and two in the United States . Intamin is a major player in the amusement park attractions industry , supplying 17 different styles of roller coasters , 7 different vertical rides , 8 different water rides , 5 different immersive rides , 7 different swing rides and 5 different observation attractions . The company has installed a total of 163 coasters in several countries around the globe . Intamin designed and built the first river rapids ride known as Thunder River based on the idea supplied by Bill Crandall , a past General Manager at the now defunct AstroWorld . Intamin also marketed the first Freefall ( developed by Giovanola ) experience and the first drop tower .'}]}, {'value': "A steel Mega Coaster , formerly known as Superman - Ride of Steel . With a top height of 208 feet ( 63 m ) , and a maximum speed of 72 miles per hour ( 116 km/h ) , the ride is the tallest in New York State and one of Darien Lake 's largest attractions", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hypercoaster', 'summary': 'A hypercoaster is any complete circuit roller coaster with a height measuring greater than 200 feet ( 61 m ) . The term was first coined by Arrow Dynamics and Cedar Point in 1989 with the release of the first full-circuit hypercoaster in the world , Magnum XL-200 . Other roller coaster manufacturers developed their own models with custom names , including Mega Coasters from Intamin , Hyper Coasters from Bolliger & Mabillard , and Hyper-Hybrid Coasters from Rocky Mountain Construction . The competition between amusement parks to build increasingly taller roller coasters eventually led to giga coasters which exceed 300 feet ( 91 m ) and strata coasters which exceed 400 feet ( 120 m ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Superman_–_Ride_of_Steel', 'summary': 'Superman - Ride of Steel is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags America in Woodmore , Maryland . Ride of Steel is an identical roller coaster located at Six Flags Darien Lake in Darien , New York , which originally had the same name until the park opted to drop Superman from the title in 2006 . Both hypercoasters were manufactured by Intamin and opened a year apart , beginning with the Darien Lake installation in May 1999 . They are 208 feet ( 63 m ) tall , feature a drop length of 205 feet ( 62 m ) , and reach a maximum speed of 73 mph ( 117 km/h ) . A roller coaster that opened at Six Flags New England in 2000 , Superman the Ride , previously shared the same name until 2009 , but it features a significantly different layout .'}]}, {'value': 'The Viper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viper_(Darien_Lake)', 'summary': "Viper is a steel looping roller coaster located at Six Flags Darien Lake Amusement Park near Buffalo , New York . This was the first large ride at the park and the first roller coaster of its type anywhere in the world to have five inversions . The ride was built by the newly merged Arrow Huss . It opened in 1982 . The coaster opened with the potential of running three trains at once , but only one or two trains are necessary for maintaining a steady operation of the coaster . The coaster 's trains include seven cars ; riders are two across with two rows in each car . The track was originally all black , but it was repainted to a green track with black supports when Six Flags took over Darien Lake . In 2010 , Darien Lake repainted the Viper all black again . The trains on Viper were once color coded blue , red and yellow . In 2013 , the trains were given green vinyl wraps . One train had an orange stripe and another had a blue stripe . The third train was disassembled and used for spare parts for the two other trains ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arrow Huss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arrow_Dynamics', 'summary': "Arrow Dynamics was an American manufacturing and engineering company that specialized in designing and building amusement park rides , especially roller coasters . Based in Clearfield , Utah , the company was the successor to Arrow Development ( 1946-1981 ) and Arrow Huss ( 1981-1986 ) , which were responsible for several influential advancements in the amusement and theme park industries . Among the most significant was tubular steel track , which provided a smoother ride than the railroad style rails commonly used prior to the 1960s on wooden roller coasters . The Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland , built in 1959 , was Arrow 's first roller coaster project . In 1975 , Arrow Development introduced the first corkscrew style track Corkscrew , at Knott 's Berry Farm that sent riders through a series of corkscrews . Arrow created several other firsts over the years , introducing the first suspended roller coaster in almost a century , The Bat , in 1981 , and the world 's first hypercoaster , Magnum XL-200 , which opened in 1989 . They built the first 4th Dimension roller coaster , X2 , which was designed by Alan Schilke in 2002 . Arrow Development 's ownership changed three times between the 1950s and 1980s . Arrow Dynamics would eventually survive two bankruptcies and spin off a sister company , Fabriweld , primarily to build track , by 1988 . Arrow Dynamics eventually closed on December 3 , 2001 . S & S Worldwide purchased part of Arrow 's remaining assets on October 28 , 2002 , and the remainder of the company was dissolved . In 2012 , Sansei Yusoki Co. of Osaka , Japan , acquired a 77.3% interest in S & S - Arrow ."}]}, {'value': 'A steel looping roller coaster . The Viper was the first coaster in the world with 5 inversions . Originally painted all black , the track was painted green when Six Flags took over and painted black in 2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viper_(Darien_Lake)', 'summary': "Viper is a steel looping roller coaster located at Six Flags Darien Lake Amusement Park near Buffalo , New York . This was the first large ride at the park and the first roller coaster of its type anywhere in the world to have five inversions . The ride was built by the newly merged Arrow Huss . It opened in 1982 . The coaster opened with the potential of running three trains at once , but only one or two trains are necessary for maintaining a steady operation of the coaster . The coaster 's trains include seven cars ; riders are two across with two rows in each car . The track was originally all black , but it was repainted to a green track with black supports when Six Flags took over Darien Lake . In 2010 , Darien Lake repainted the Viper all black again . The trains on Viper were once color coded blue , red and yellow . In 2013 , the trains were given green vinyl wraps . One train had an orange stripe and another had a blue stripe . The third train was disassembled and used for spare parts for the two other trains ."}]}, {'value': 'Tantrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tantrum_(roller_coaster)', 'summary': "Tantrum is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Darien Lake in Darien , New York , United States . It is a Euro-Fighter roller coaster manufactured by German manufacturer Gerstlauer and opened on May 25 , 2018 . It was the first roller coaster in the state of New York to feature a beyond-vertical drop and the park 's first new roller coaster since 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerstlauer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerstlauer', 'summary': 'Gerstlauer Amusement Rides GmbH is a German manufacturer of stationary and transportable amusement rides and roller coasters , located in Münsterhausen , Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'A Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter . Tantrum features a 98-foot vertical lift hill with a 97-degree drop , a pretzel inversion , a bunny hop , an Immelman turn and a tilted loop . It reaches a top speed of 52 miles per hour ( 84 km/h )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerstlauer_Euro-Fighter', 'summary': "The Euro-Fighter is a type of steel roller coaster developed by Gerstlauer . First launched in 2003 , the trademark feature of the roller coaster is its beyond-vertical drop , which reaches an angle greater than 90 degrees . Although the majority of Euro-Fighters are custom designed for each installation , every design so far has included the trademark drop . A number of different track elements are possible , including vertical loops , diving loops and barrel rolls . Almost all Euro-Fighter models have a vertical chain-driven lift hill , although LSM launch systems are also available . Riders are transported in individual cars around the track , which feature two rows of four seats . Two exceptions are Huracan at the Belantis amusement park in Germany and Dare Devil Dive at Six Flags Over Georgia , which both feature cars similar to those used on Gerstlauer 's launched roller coasters . The cars have over-the-shoulder restraints and may be themed ( to an extent ) according to the customer 's requirements . Dare Devil Dive 's cars were the first to use a new lap-bar only restraint system . Fluch von Novgorod , located at Hansa Park in Germany , was the first Euro-Fighter to incorporate both a vertical lift and an LSM launch in the same circuit ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tantrum_(roller_coaster)', 'summary': "Tantrum is a steel roller coaster at Six Flags Darien Lake in Darien , New York , United States . It is a Euro-Fighter roller coaster manufactured by German manufacturer Gerstlauer and opened on May 25 , 2018 . It was the first roller coaster in the state of New York to feature a beyond-vertical drop and the park 's first new roller coaster since 2008 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Current rides and attractions -- Roller coasters', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Darien_Lake_0', 'intro': 'Six Flags Darien Lake is a resort located in Darien, New York, that features a theme park, water park, campground and lodging. It is owned by EPR Properties and operated by Six Flags.'}
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In what city is the manufacturer based whose roller coaster is designed by Curtis D. Summers ?
West Chester
fe9f124cf1fdcfc0
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sponsored_sports_venues', 'title': 'List of sponsored sports venues', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Type', 'Main occupant'], 'data': [{'value': 'Estadio Akron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Akron', 'summary': "The Estadio Akron , formerly known as the Estadio Omnilife and Estadio Chivas ( Estadio Chivas , Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðjo ˈtʃiβas ] ) , is a multipurpose stadium that is used mostly for football matches , including home matches for Club Deportivo Guadalajara , commonly known as the Chivas . It is part of the JVC complex , and has a capacity of 49,850 . Construction started in February 2004 , but due to financial problems and other issues , the stadium 's completion was delayed for a number of years . The stadium hosted its first major international event with the first leg of the 2010 Finals of the Copa Libertadores , and hosted the 2011 Pan American Games opening and closing ceremonies . The stadium 's artificial field caused great controversy , drawing criticism from many notable players , and in May 2012 , it was announced that the stadium would replace the artificial turf with natural grass ."}]}, {'value': 'Guadalajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guadalajara', 'summary': "Guadalajara ( /ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːrə/ , Spanish : [ ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Jalisco , and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara . The city is in the central region of Jalisco in the Western-Pacific area of Mexico . With a population of 1,460,148 inhabitants , it is Mexico 's second most populous municipality . The Guadalajara metropolitan area has a reported population of 5,002,466 inhabitants , making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Mexico , behind Mexico City . The municipality is the second most densely populated in Mexico , the first being Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico . It is a strong business and economic center in the Bajío region . Guadalajara is the tenth-largest Latin American city in population , urban area and gross domestic product . The city 's economy is based on services and industry , especially information technology , with many international firms having regional offices and manufacturing facilities in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area , and several domestic IT companies headquartered in the city . Other , more traditional industries , such as shoes , textiles and food processing are also important contributing factors . Guadalajara is a major Mexican cultural center , as it is considered by most to be the home of the famous mariachi genre of music , and plays host to a number of large-scale cultural events such as the Guadalajara International Film Festival , the Guadalajara International Book Fair , and other globally renowned cultural events which draw international crowds . It is home to C.D . Guadalajara , one of the most popular football clubs in Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guadalajara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C.D._Guadalajara', 'summary': "Club Deportivo Guadalajara S.A. de C.V. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkluβ ðepoɾˈtiβo ɣwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ) ; often simply known as Guadalajara ( [ ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa ] ) and Chivas ( [ ˈtʃiβas ] ) , is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara , Jalisco . Guadalajara is one of the ten founding members of the Mexican First Division and along with Club América is one of only two teams that have never been relegated to the second-tier division . Guadalajara is the only football club in Mexico that does n't allow foreign players to play in their club . The team has constantly emphasized home-grown ( cantera ) players and has been the launching pad of a few internationally successful players , including Omar Bravo , Javier Hernández , Francisco Javier Rodríguez , and Marco Fabián . The team 's three colors ( red , white , and blue ) symbolize Fraternity , Union , and Sports . The founders of the team adopted the colors that linked them back to their home country , France . Chivas supporters use a flag identical to the French flag to support their team . The team mascot , as well as their nickname , is the goat or chiva . Chivas was one Mexico 's most successful teams and holds the Mexican league record for the longest winning streak at the beginning of a season , with 8 consecutive wins . Internationally , Guadalajara is the best Mexican side to compete in Copa Libertadores having reached the semifinals twice ( 2005 and 2006 ) and being runner-ups in the 2010 edition . According to a study of preferred football clubs published in April 2016 by Euroamericas Sport Marketing Spain , Guadalajara is the most popular team in Mexico , with 44.2% of supporters in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Azul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Azul', 'summary': "The Estadio Azul , is a 33,000-seat stadium located in Mexico City . This sports facility is currently used for association football matches and previously ( until 1990 ) for American football . The Tazón México has been played at the stadium . It was the home of Mexican football club Cruz Azul until 2018 , and also has been home for Atlante F.C . ( hence the nickname Estadio Azulgrana ) and the Mexico national football team , especially in the early 1990s . In summer 2016 , it was announced by Mexico City authorities that plans to demolish the stadium will begin at the end of the 2017-2018 Liga MX season . In July 2018 , the demolition project was put on hold and the stadium will temporarily host college sports . Demolition plans may resurface some time in 2020 . Both times that Mexico hosted the World Cup , Estadio Azul did not host any games mainly due to the age of the structure , bad parking facilities , and complex traffic patterns . A peculiarity of this stadium is that it is built as a pit with the playing field is below street level . Just beside the stadium is the Plaza México , the world 's largest bullring ."}]}, {'value': 'Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cruz Azul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cruz_Azul', 'summary': "Cruz Azul ( pronounced [ kɾus a'sool ] ) is a Mexican football club that plays in the top division of Mexican football , Liga MX . Originally from Hidalgo in the town of Jasso ( now part of the city cooperative Ciudad Cooperativa Cruz Azul ) , south of Tula de Allende , the club moved to Mexico City in 1971 . Estadio Azteca , the nation 's largest sports venue , served as their home venue until 1996 , when they moved to the Estadio Azul . After 22 years , however , the team returned to the Azteca at the conclusion of the 2017-18 Liga MX season . Its headquarters are in La Noria , a suburb within Xochimilco in the southern part of Mexico City . Cruz Azul has been the Primera División champion eight times , trailing Toluca 's 10 , C.D . Guadalajara 's 12 , and Club América 's 13 . Cruz Azul 's six titles makes it the second-most successful club in the history of the CONCACAF Champions League , the most prestigious international club competition in North American football , trailing intracity rival Club America . Cruz Azul was also the first CONCACAF team to reach the final of the Copa Libertadores , the most prestigious club competition in South American football ( which invited top Liga MX clubs from 1998 to 2017 ) , losing on penalties to Argentine football giants Boca Juniors in 2001 . In the 1968-69 season , Cruz Azul was the first CONCACAF club ( and third worldwide ) to complete a rare Continental Treble , winning the Mexican Primera División championship , the Copa México national tournament , and the CONCACAF Champions League . The International Federation of Football History & Statistics , in its Club World Ranking for year ending December 31 , 2014 , places Cruz Azul as the 99th-best club in the world and the third-best club in CONCACAF . According to several polls published , Cruz Azul is the third-most popular team in Mexico , behind only C.D ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Banorte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Banorte', 'summary': 'Estadio Banorte is a stadium with a capacity of 21,000 seats . Is home of the team Dorados de Sinaloa . The stadium was inaugurated on August 9 , 2003 in a match played between Dorados de Sinaloa and Cobras de Ciudad Juárez . The final score was Dorados 4-2 Cobras . The first goal scored in this stage was the work of Hector Giménez . The building has a capacity for 20,108 fans , the same that is constructed in 2003 in record time of just three months .'}]}, {'value': 'Culiacán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culiacán', 'summary': 'Culiacán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kuljaˈkan ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northwestern Mexico . It is the largest city in and the capital of the state of Sinaloa . It is also the seat of Culiacán Municipality . It had an urban population of 785,800 in 2015 while 905,660 lived in the entire municipality . While the municipality has a total area of 4,758 km2 ( 1,837 sq mi ) , the city itself is considerably smaller , measuring only 65 km2 ( 25 sq mi ) . The city is located in a valley at the confluence of the Tamazula and Humaya Rivers , where the two meet to form the Culiacán River , 55 m above sea level . It is in the center of the state , at about the same distance to the two other urban centers of the state : Los Mochis to the north and Mazatlán to the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorados de Sinaloa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dorados_de_Sinaloa', 'summary': "Dorados de Sinaloa , or Dorados , is a Mexican professional football club based in Culiacán . The club plays its home games in Culiacán , Mexico . Dorados was the youngest franchise to play in the Primera División de México , having joined the division for the first time for the Apertura 2004 tournament , when the club was only one year old . Dorados currently plays in Ascenso MX , the second tier of the Mexican league . The goalkeeper 's primary colours are a red shirt and white shorts , and the secondary attire is all white ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Caliente', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Caliente', 'summary': "The Estadio Caliente Xoloitzcuintles is a multi-use stadium in Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico , that is mostly used for football matches . The stadium hosts home matches for the football club Club Tijuana , who play in Liga MX , Mexico 's top league ."}]}, {'value': 'Tijuana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tijuana', 'summary': "Tijuana ( US : /tiːˈ ( h ) wɑːnə/ tee- ( H ) WAH-nə , [ a ] Spanish : [ tiˈxwana ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city of both Baja California State and the Baja Peninsula . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis . As the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico , Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education and politics - across Mexico , in transportation , culture and art - across all three Californias ( the U.S. state of California , Baja California and Baja California Sur ) , and in manufacturing and as a migration hub - across the North American continent . Currently one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in Mexico , Tijuana maintains GaWC 'sufficiency city ' status . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,641,570 . Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California , and is the municipal seat and the cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality ( Mexican states are divided into municipalities , rather than counties as in the U.S. ) . Tijuana covers 70% of the territory of the municipality and contains 80% of its population . A dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent , the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies . In the early 21st century , Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America . Tijuana is also a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca . The city is the most visited border city in the world ; sharing a border of about 24 km ( 15 mi ) with its sister city San Diego . More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tijuana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Tijuana', 'summary': 'Club Tijuana Xoloitzcuintles de Caliente , commonly referred to as Xolos de Tijuana , or simply as Xolos , is a Mexican professional football club from Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico . Founded in January 2007 , the club was promoted to Liga MX in 2011 , where they have played since . They won their first title in the 2012 Apertura .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio de Beisbol Calimax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_de_Beisbol_Calimax', 'summary': 'Estadio Chevron ( formerly known as Estadio Nacional de Tijuana , Estadio de Beisbol Calimax , and Estadio Gasmart ) is a professional baseball stadium located in Tijuana , Baja California , in Mexico with a capacity of 17,000 , all seated . It was built in 1976 and named after a supermarket chain based in Baja California . It was expanded in 2006 to its current capacity . In the past it has also been the site of several México Segunda División ( second division ) and México Tercera División ( third or last division ) football clubs in the Mexican League System such as Inter de Tijuana and Chivas Tijuana . The ballpark has played host to the Mexican Baseball League teams , the Tijuana Toros in 2004 and the Tijuana Potros from 2005 to 2008 . It played host to the Tijuana Cimarrones of the Golden Baseball League for one season in 2010 . Most recently it has played host to the second iteration of the Toros de Tijuana , members of the Liga Norte de México ( League of Northern Mexico ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Tijuana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tijuana', 'summary': "Tijuana ( US : /tiːˈ ( h ) wɑːnə/ tee- ( H ) WAH-nə , [ a ] Spanish : [ tiˈxwana ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city of both Baja California State and the Baja Peninsula . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis . As the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico , Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education and politics - across Mexico , in transportation , culture and art - across all three Californias ( the U.S. state of California , Baja California and Baja California Sur ) , and in manufacturing and as a migration hub - across the North American continent . Currently one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in Mexico , Tijuana maintains GaWC 'sufficiency city ' status . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,641,570 . Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California , and is the municipal seat and the cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality ( Mexican states are divided into municipalities , rather than counties as in the U.S. ) . Tijuana covers 70% of the territory of the municipality and contains 80% of its population . A dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent , the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies . In the early 21st century , Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America . Tijuana is also a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca . The city is the most visited border city in the world ; sharing a border of about 24 km ( 15 mi ) with its sister city San Diego . More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tijuana Potros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tijuana_Cimarrones', 'summary': 'The Tijuana Cimarrones were a professional independent baseball franchise based in Tijuana , Baja California , Mexico . They were originally a minor league baseball team in Liga Mexicana de Béisbol ( Mexican Baseball League ) , but joined the Golden Baseball League as an expansion team in 2009 . The team started play at Estadio Nacional de Tijuana ( Tijuana National Stadium ) in 2010 , which was the last year of play for the Golden Baseball League . In 2011 , the Golden League and two others consolidated to form the North American League , but the Cimarrones did not participate in that league . The Tijuana Embajadores was a proposed team from Tijuana that had at one time been scheduled to participate in the North American League ( NAL ) , but that team also failed to start the season with the NAL .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Casas GEO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Casas_GEO', 'summary': 'Estadio Nido de los Aguilas , officially known due to sponsorship as Estadio Farmacias Sta . Mónica , is a stadium in Mexicali , Mexico . It is primarily used for baseball and has a capacity of over 19,000 spectators . The stadium hosted the 2009 Caribbean Series . It serves as the home stadium for Águilas de Mexicali who compete in the Liga Mexicana del Pacifico baseball league .'}]}, {'value': 'Mexicali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexicali', 'summary': "Mexicali ( English : /ˌmɛksɪˈkæli/ ; Spanish : [ mexiˈkali ] ( listen ) ) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Baja California and seat of the Municipality of Mexicali . The City of Mexicali has a population of 689,775 , according to the 2010 census , while the population of the entire metropolitan area reaches 996,826 ; making the city and metropolitan area the second most populous in Baja California . The city maintains a highly educated and skilled population , as it has modernized and become an important population center in the desert region . Mexicali 's economy has been historically based on agricultural products , and they remain a large sector of the economy . However , its economy has gradually gone from being agricultural to include industry , mainly maquiladoras - duty-free factories in which parts from the United States are imported , assembled , and then returned to the United States as finished products . International companies including Honeywell , GKN Aerospace , Kellogg 's , Gulfstream , UTC Aerospace Systems , SunPower , Rockwell Collins , LG Electronics , National Oilwell Varco , Mitsubishi , Autolite , Nestlé , Coca-Cola , Robert Bosch , and Goodrich Corporation have built maquiladora plants in the city . Mexicali became the national center for the aerospace industry in Mexico when Rockwell Collins established an operation there in 1966 . Rockwell Collins is the oldest company under the maquiladora program nationwide . Founded on March 14 , 1903 , Mexicali is situated on the Mexico-United States border adjacent to its sister city Calexico , California , with which it forms a dual-state , international population center , Calexico-Mexicali ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Águilas de Mexicali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Águilas_de_Mexicali', 'summary': "The Águilas de Mexicali ( Mexicali Eagles ) is a Mexican Pro baseball team that plays in the Liga Mexicana del Pacífico ( Mexican Pacific League ) and is based in Mexicali , Baja California , Mexico . The team was founded on October 14 , 1976 . They have won the championship four times , 1985-1986 ( coach , Benjamin Reyes ) , 1988-1989 ( coach , Dave Machemer ) , 1998-1999 ( coach , Francisco Estrada ) and 2016-17 ( coach , Roberto Vizcarra ) . The team also won the 1986 Caribbean Series , played in Venezuela . The team plays at Estadio B'Air also known as El Nido ( The Nest ) with a capacity of 19,500 ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Corona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Corona', 'summary': 'The Estadio TSM Corona is a stadium in Torreón , Coahuila , México , and the home stadium of Santos Laguna of Liga MX .'}]}, {'value': 'Torreón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torreón', 'summary': "Torreón ( Spanish pronunciation : [ toreˈon ] ( listen ) ) is a city and seat of Torreón Municipality in the Mexican state of Coahuila . As of 2015 , the city 's population was 679,288 . The Metropolitan population as of 2015 was 1,497,734 , making it the ninth-biggest metropolitan area in the country and the largest Metropolitan area in the state of Coahuila , as well as one of Mexico 's most important economic and industrial centers . The cities of Torreón , Gómez Palacio , Lerdo , Matamoros , Francisco I. Madero , San Pedro , Bermejillo , and Tlahualilo form the area of La Laguna or the Comarca Lagunera , a basin within the Chihuahuan Desert . The area was originally a center for ranching . With irrigation , the city became an important center for farming and the processing of cotton . In the middle of the 20th century , it became an industrial city . The city has industries in textiles , clothing and metals processing . Some important industries and companies have business here , like Peñoles , Motores John Deere , Grupo Lala , Yura Corporation , as well as stores like Soriana , Cimaco , and Extra . There are also several shopping malls in the city , including Galerias Laguna , Almanara , Plaza Cuatro Caminos and InterMall . Torreón is served by Francisco Sarabia International Airport , an airport with flights to several cities in Mexico and the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santos Laguna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santos_Laguna', 'summary': "Club Santos Laguna S.A. de C.V. ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈsantos laˈɣuna ] ) , commonly known as Santos Laguna or Santos , is a Mexican professional football club who were the champions of the Liga MX Clausura . Located in northern Mexico and representing the urban area of La Comarca Lagunera , made up of Torreón , Gómez Palacio and Lerdo Municipalities , Santos Laguna plays in Liga MX . Santos Laguna was founded in 1983 and reached Mexico 's top division after buying the Ángeles de Puebla club . The club debuted in Mexico 's top division in the 1988-89 tournament . They have won six tournaments : Invierno 1996 , Verano 2001 , Clausura 2008 , Clausura 2012 , Clausura 2015 , Clausura 2018 . The club reached the finals in the 1993-94 season , Verano 2000 , Bicentenario 2010 , Apertura 2010 and Apertura 2011 . Santos Laguna won the Apertura 2014 Copa MX . Santos is the third football club formed in the Laguna region , after the unsuccessful Laguna Football Club and Football Club Torreon ( which formed the Black Lions of the University Deportivo Guadalajara and Neza , respectively ) . In 2018 , the club celebrated its 35th anniversary with a change in their logo . In a February 17 , 2013 poll , by Consulta Mitofsky , it was the fifth-most-popular team in Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Cuauhtémoc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Cuauhtémoc', 'summary': 'Estadio Cuauhtémoc is a football stadium in the city of Puebla , Mexico . It is the home of Club Puebla . It is currently the fourth biggest football stadium in Mexico by capacity . The stadium has been the host of the 1970 FIFA World Cup and the 1986 FIFA World Cup . From November 2014 - 2015 , the stadium went through massive renovations . As of November 2015 , Cuauhtémoc Stadium is considered to be an innovation in textile design and sports architecture in Mexico , since it is the first and only stadium in Latin America to have a facade totally covered with ETFE .'}]}, {'value': 'Puebla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puebla_(city)', 'summary': "Puebla ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweβla ] ) known in Spanish as Puebla de Zaragoza , formally Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza and in colonial times as Puebla de los Ángeles , is the seat of Puebla Municipality , the capital and largest city of the state of Puebla , and the second largest in colonial Mexico and the richest Catholic diocese . A colonial era planned city , it is located in ( southern ) Central Mexico on the main route between the capital , Mexico City , and Mexico 's main Atlantic port , Veracruz - about 100 km east southeast of Mexico City and about 220 km west of Veracruz . The city was founded in 1531 in an area called Cuetlaxcoapan , which means where serpents change their skin , in between of two of the main indigenous settlements at the time , Tlaxcala and Cholula . This valley was not populated in the 16th century , as in the pre-Hispanic period this area was primarily used for the flower wars between a number of populations . [ failed verification ] Due to its history and architectural styles ranging from Renaissance to Mexican Baroque , the city was named a World Heritage Site in 1987 . The city is also famous for mole poblano , chiles en nogada and Talavera pottery . However , most of its economy is based on industry . Being both the fourth largest city in Mexico and the fourth largest Metropolitan area in Mexico , it has a current population of 3,250,000 people , and the city serves as one of the main hubs for eastern Central Mexico . Many students come from all over the country to study in its many renowned and prestigious universities , such as BUAP , UDLAP , Ibero , UPAEP and Tecnológico de Monterrey , among others . The city also excels because of its industry , with the world 's largest Volkswagen factory outside Germany located in the Municipality of Cuautlancingo and Audi plant in San José Chiapa being the most technologically advanced plant in the western hemisphere . As a result , many suppliers to Volkswagen and Audi assembly plants have opened factories in the metropolitan area of Puebla ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puebla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puebla_F.C.', 'summary': 'Club Puebla , formerly Puebla F.C . is a Mexican professional football club based in the city of Puebla , competing in the Liga MX . The team shirt features a diagonal stripe ( traditionally blue on white on the home kit , and a combination of different colors on the away kits ) that crosses the chest diagonally from right to left , which is considered a distinctive element of its identity . Since 1904 , the city of Puebla had an official football team . It started as club Puebla AC , founded by Englishmen . It was later incorporated into the Mexican football league during the amateur era . In the 1944-45 season , they won their first official tournament , the Copa Mexico ( nowadays known as Copa MX ) . They won that trophy again in the 1953-54 season . Their first league title came in the 1982-83 season after defeating Guadalajara on penalty kicks . The team won a third Copa Mexico on the 1987-88 season , and in the 1989-90 season , they won both their fourth Copa Mexico and their second league title after beating Universidad de Guadalajara . This feat ( winning both the league and the Copa Mexico championships ) earned the team the right to be counted among the Campeonísimos . In 1991 , they defeated Police from Trinidad and Tobago for their first CONCACAF championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Estadio Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_Victoria', 'summary': 'Estadio Victoria is sports stadium in the Mexican city of Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes . The stadium opened in 2003 and has a capacity of 23,851 seats . Although the stadium is capable of multi-use , its main use is for soccer games . It is the home stadium of the Necaxa football club , which played in Mexico City at the Estadio Azteca before relocating to Aguascalientes and Estadio Victoria . The stadium is named after a leading brand of beer brewed by Grupo Modelo .'}]}, {'value': 'Aguascalientes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aguascalientes_City', 'summary': 'Aguascalientes ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˌaɣwaskaˈljentes ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of the state of Aguascalientes and is its most populous city , with a metropolitan population of 1,000,000 . It is located in North-Central Mexico . It is part of the macroregion of Bajío , which is among the safest and most prosperous regions in Mexico . It was part of the kingdom of Nueva Galicia . In 1835 Aguascalientes became the capital of the Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes . Aguascalientes has been called the cleanest city in Latin America . Aguascalientes is experiencing an ongoing social , economic , and aesthetic revitalization process . Aguascalientes has a population which includes Japanese , Koreans , and Germans . It stands on the banks of the Aguascalientes river , 1880 meters above sea level , at 21°51′N 102°18′W / 21.850°N 102.300°W / 21.850 ; -102.300 . It is the municipal seat for the Aguascalientes Municipality . The Aguascalientes metropolitan area includes the municipality of Jesús María and San Francisco de los Romo . It was a Chichimeca Indian territory .'}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Necaxa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Necaxa', 'summary': 'Impulsora del Deportivo Necaxa S.A. de C.V. ( pronounced [ ne.ˈkak.sa ] ) ; often simply known as Club Necaxa , is a Mexican football club in Liga MX based in the city of Aguascalientes . It plays in the Estadio Victoria .'}]}, {'value': 'Foro Sol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foro_Sol', 'summary': "Foro Sol ( English : Sun Forum ) is a sports and concert venue built in 1993 inside the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in eastern Mexico City . It is located near the Mexico City International Airport and is operated by Grupo CIE . The venue was originally built for staging large music concerts . Initially called the Autódromo , it could accommodate up to 50,000 people . Since 2000 , it has been used as a baseball stadium as well , because the only other major baseball stadium in Mexico City ( Parque del Seguro Social , formerly Parque Delta ) was demolished to build a shopping mall ( the shopping mall is named Parque Delta and features a baseball theme ) . Foro Sol is the second largest concert venue in Mexico City ; the largest , Estadio Azteca , has a capacity of 105,064 . Its name comes from a popular beer brand of the Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma group . It was home to the Diablos Rojos del México , a Mexican Baseball League team , and hosted Pool B of the 2009 World Baseball Classic March 8-12 , 2009 . Madonna was the first world-class act to perform at the Foro Sol on 12 November 1993 , when it was called Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez for her first visit to Mexico in the Girlie Show tour on 10 , 12 and 13 November 1993 . Since 2015 for the Mexican Grand Prix and 2016 for the Mexico City ePrix , the venue has become part of the track and has turns within the venue . It also increased the Circuit capacity by 25,000 spectators . Fans and F1 Pilots alike praise the uniqueness of the venue and became a big part of Mexico 's success with its return to the F1 Calendar ."}]}, {'value': 'Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico_City', 'summary': "Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Baseball park', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diablos Rojos del México', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diablos_Rojos_del_México', 'summary': 'The Diablos Rojos del Mexico ( English : Mexico City Red Devils ) are a Triple-A Minor League Baseball team of the Mexican League based in Mexico City , Mexico . The team was founded in 1940 by Salvador Lutteroth and Ernesto Carmona . They have won sixteen league championships , including back-to-back championships three times , and several more division championships . The team has an affiliate , the Diablos de Hermosillo of the Liga Norte de Mexico . 20,233-capacity Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú is their home .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Present naming rights -- Mexico', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_sponsored_sports_stadiums_21', 'intro': 'The following is a list of sports venues with sole naming rights:'}
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Who is the main occupant of the sports venue that was initially called the Autódromo ?
Diablos Rojos del México
fe9f7c5c1f625ecc
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Band_(iOS)', 'title': 'Rock Band (iOS)', 'header': ['Song title', 'Artist', 'Decade', 'Genre'], 'data': [{'value': "Ace of Spades '08", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ace_of_Spades_(song)', 'summary': 'Ace of Spades is a song by English heavy metal band Motörhead , released in 1980 as a single and the title track to the album Ace of Spades .'}]}, {'value': 'Motörhead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motörhead', 'summary': "Motörhead ( /ˈmoʊtərhɛd/ ) were an English rock band formed in June 1975 by bassist , singer , and songwriter Ian Lemmy Kilmister , who was the sole constant member , guitarist Larry Wallis and drummer Lucas Fox . The band are often considered a precursor to the new wave of British heavy metal , which re-energised heavy metal in the late 1970s and early 1980s . Though several guitarists and drummers have played in Motörhead , most of their best-selling albums and singles feature the work of Phil Philthy Animal Taylor on drums and Fast Eddie Clarke on guitars . Motörhead released 22 studio albums , 10 live recordings , 12 compilation albums , and five EPs over a career spanning 40 years . Usually a power trio , they had particular success in the early 1980s with several successful singles in the UK Top 40 chart . The albums Overkill , Bomber , Ace of Spades , and particularly the live album No Sleep 'til Hammersmith cemented Motörhead 's reputation as a top-tier rock band . The band are ranked number 26 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock . As of 2016 , they have sold more than 15 million albums worldwide . Motörhead are typically classified as heavy metal , and their fusion of punk rock into the genre helped to pioneer speed metal and thrash metal . Their lyrics typically covered such topics as war , good versus evil , abuse of power , promiscuous sex , substance abuse , and , most famously , gambling , the latter theme being the focus of their hit song Ace of Spades . Motörhead has been credited with being part of and influencing numerous musical scenes , thrash metal and speed metal especially . From the mid-1970s onward , however , Lemmy insisted that they were a rock and roll band ."}]}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'All the Small Things', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_the_Small_Things', 'summary': "All the Small Things is a song by the American rock band Blink-182 . It was the second single and eighth track released from the band 's third album Enema of the State ( 1999 ) . The track was composed primarily by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge as an ode to his then girlfriend . Recorded in Los Angeles with producer Jerry Finn , the song was created with the intention of shipping it to radio , as the trio felt they needed a single really catchy and basic . The single was released in early 2000 and promptly charted worldwide , becoming a number one hit on Billboard 's Modern Rock Tracks chart , peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart , and crossing over to pop radio and peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song remains the band 's most successful single to date , being their only song to break the Top 40 . The song charted within the top 20 in ten other countries , and gained greater significance due to its accompanying music video , which parodies and mocks the boy bands Backstreet Boys , 98 Degrees , and ' N Sync and the pop singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera . The video was popular in rotation on MTV 's Total Request Live , leading to criticism from those who felt their basis for parody was thin . All the Small Things was selected by Rolling Stone as one of the 100 Greatest Pop Songs , and is listed in the 2010 book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die ."}]}, {'value': 'Blink-182', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blink-182', 'summary': "Blink-182 ( often stylized in all lowercase as blink-182 ) , is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . Since 2015 , the lineup of the band has consisted of bass guitarist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by Hoppus , guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Bassist Mark Hoppus is the only constant band member . In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an indefinite hiatus . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio frontman Matt Skiba , with their resulting seventh studio album , California , being released on July 1 , 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pop/Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Attack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Attack_(Thirty_Seconds_to_Mars_song)', 'summary': "Attack is a song by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars . The song was released by Immortal and Virgin on May 3 , 2005 , as the lead single from the band 's second album , A Beautiful Lie . The song was written by Jared Leto and was produced by Josh Abraham and 30 Seconds to Mars . The song is a dynamic expression of rebirth and renewal . 30 Seconds to Mars premiered the song on the American network Fuse on May 25 , 2005 , during Daily Download . Attack has been critically appreciated , with reviewers complimenting its energetic keyboards , vast , abrasive guitars and infectious vocals . The song was the most added track on alternative radio in its first week , becoming a Billboard 's Modern Rock top 30 hit . It attained success during the years , debuting for the first time on European charts only after two years of its original release . The accompanying music video , which aired on August 29 , 2005 , takes place in an abandoned hotel in Hollywood and every frame hides some messages ."}]}, {'value': 'Thirty Seconds to Mars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thirty_Seconds_to_Mars', 'summary': "Thirty Seconds to Mars ( commonly stylized as 30 Seconds to Mars ) is an American rock band from Los Angeles , California , formed in 1998 . The band consists of brothers Jared Leto ( lead vocals , guitar , bass , keyboards ) and Shannon Leto ( drums , percussion ) . During the course of its existence , it has undergone various line-up changes . The band 's debut album , 30 Seconds to Mars ( 2002 ) , was produced by Bob Ezrin and released to positive reviews but only to limited commercial success . The band achieved worldwide fame with the release of its second album A Beautiful Lie ( 2005 ) , which received multiple certifications all over the world . Its next release , This Is War ( 2009 ) , showed a dramatic evolution in the band 's musical style , as it incorporated experimental music as well as eclectic influences . The recording process of the album was marked by a legal dispute with record label EMI that eventually became the subject of the documentary film Artifact ( 2012 ) . Thirty Seconds to Mars then moved to Universal Music and released the fourth album , Love , Lust , Faith and Dreams ( 2013 ) , to critical and commercial success . It was followed by America ( 2018 ) , which polarized critics upon release . As of September 2014 , the band had sold over 15 million albums worldwide . Thirty Seconds to Mars has consistently enjoyed sold out tours and numerous headlining festival slots . The band is noted for its energetic live performances and for fusing elements from a wide variety of genres , through its use of philosophical and spiritual lyrics , concept albums , and experimental music ."}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bad Reputation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bad_Reputation_(Joan_Jett_song)', 'summary': 'Bad Reputation is a rock song co-written and recorded by Joan Jett and first released from her 1980 debut album of the same name . It is her debut solo single .'}]}, {'value': 'Joan Jett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joan_Jett', 'summary': "Joan Marie Jett ( née Larkin , September 22 , 1958 ) is an American rock singer , songwriter , composer , musician , record producer and occasional actress . Jett is best known for her work as the frontwoman of her band Joan Jett & the Blackhearts , and for earlier founding and performing with the Runaways , which recorded and released the hit song Cherry Bomb . The Blackhearts ' version of the song I Love Rock ' n Roll was number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks in 1982 . Jett 's other notable hit songs include Bad Reputation , Crimson and Clover , Do You Wan na Touch Me ( Oh Yeah ) , Light of Day , I Hate Myself for Loving You and Dirty Deeds . Jett has a mezzo-soprano vocal range . She has three albums that have been certified Platinum or Gold , and has been a feminist icon throughout her career . She has been described as the Queen of Rock ' n ' Roll and the Godmother of Punk . In 2015 , Joan Jett & the Blackhearts were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Jett lived in Long Beach , New York , since the late 1970s before moving to Rockville Centre , New York ."}]}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bad to the Bone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bad_to_the_Bone', 'summary': "Bad to the Bone is a song by George Thorogood and the Destroyers released in 1982 on the album of the same name . While it was not widely popular during its initial release , its video made recurrent appearances on the nascent MTV , created a year before . Licensing for films , television , and commercials has since made the song more popular . [ citation needed ] Author Jim Beviglia argues that despite the song not making the pop charts , it outstrips all other 80s songs in terms of the way it has essentially become cultural shorthand . The song adapts the hook and lyrics of Muddy Waters ' Mannish Boy ."}]}, {'value': 'George Thorogood & the Destroyers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Thorogood_&_the_Destroyers', 'summary': 'George Lawrence Thorogood ( born February 24 , 1950 ) is an American musician , singer and songwriter from Wilmington , Delaware . His high-energy boogie-blues sound became a staple of 1980s rock radio , with hits like his original songs Bad to the Bone and I Drink Alone . He has also helped to popularize older songs by American icons , such as Move It on Over , Who Do You Love ? , and House Rent Boogie/One Bourbon , One Scotch , One Beer . With his band , the Destroyers , Thorogood has released over 20 albums , of which two have been certified Platinum and six have been certified Gold . He has sold 15 million albums worldwide . Thorogood and band continue to tour extensively with an Australian/New Zealand Tour scheduled for January 2020 , and in 2014 the band celebrated their 40th anniversary of performing .'}]}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cherub Rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cherub_Rock', 'summary': 'Cherub Rock is a song by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins . It is the first single from their second album , Siamese Dream ( 1993 ) and is the opening track . It was written by lead vocalist and guitarist Billy Corgan . It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance .'}]}, {'value': 'Smashing Pumpkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smashing_Pumpkins', 'summary': "The Smashing Pumpkins ( or Smashing Pumpkins ) [ note 1 ] are an American alternative rock band from Chicago , Illinois . Formed in 1988 by frontman Billy Corgan ( lead vocals , guitar ) , D'arcy Wretzky ( bass ) , James Iha ( guitar ) , and Jimmy Chamberlin ( drums ) , the band has undergone many line-up changes . The current lineup features Corgan , Chamberlin , Iha and guitarist Jeff Schroeder . Disavowing the punk rock roots of many of their alt-rock contemporaries , they have a diverse , densely layered , and guitar-heavy sound , containing elements of gothic rock , heavy metal , dream pop , psychedelic rock , progressive rock , shoegazing , and electronica in later recordings . Corgan is the group 's primary songwriter ; his musical ambitions and cathartic lyrics have shaped the band 's albums and songs , which have been described as anguished , bruised reports from Billy Corgan 's nightmare-land . The Smashing Pumpkins broke into the musical mainstream with their second album , 1993 's Siamese Dream . The group built its audience with extensive touring and their 1995 follow-up , the double album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness , debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 album chart . With 30 million albums sold worldwide , the Smashing Pumpkins were one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands of the 1990s . However , internal fighting , drug use , and diminishing record sales led to a 2000 break-up . In 2006 , Corgan and Chamberlin reconvened to record a new Smashing Pumpkins album , Zeitgeist . After touring throughout 2007 and 2008 with a lineup including new guitarist Jeff Schroeder , Chamberlin left the band in early 2009 . Later that year , Corgan began a new recording series with a rotating lineup of musicians entitled Teargarden by Kaleidyscope , which encompassed the release of stand-alone singles , compilation EP releases , and two full albums that also fell under the project 's scope - Oceania in 2012 and Monuments to an Elegy in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '1990s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Debaser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debaser', 'summary': "Debaser is a song by American alternative rock band Pixies , and is the first song on their 1989 album Doolittle . The song was written and sung by frontman Black Francis and was produced by Gil Norton during Doolittle 's recording sessions ."}]}, {'value': 'Pixies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pixies_(band)', 'summary': "The Pixies are an American alternative rock band formed in 1986 in Boston , Massachusetts . The original lineup comprised Black Francis ( vocals , rhythm guitar ) , Joey Santiago ( lead guitar ) , Kim Deal ( bass , backing vocals ) and David Lovering ( drums ) . The band disbanded acrimoniously in 1993 , but reunited in 2004 . After Deal left in 2013 , the Pixies hired Kim Shattuck as a touring bassist ; she was replaced the same year by Paz Lenchantin , who became a permanent member in 2016 . The Pixies are associated with the 1990s alternative rock boom , and draw on elements including punk rock and surf rock . Their music is known for its dynamic loud-quiet shifts and song structures . Francis is the Pixies ' primary songwriter ; his often surreal lyrics cover offbeat subjects such as extraterrestrials , incest , and biblical violence . They achieved modest popularity in the US , but were more successful in Europe . Their jarring pop sound influenced acts such as Nirvana , Radiohead , the Smashing Pumpkins and Weezer . Their popularity grew in the years after their break-up , leading to sold-out world tours following their reunion in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '1990s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Everlong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Everlong', 'summary': 'Everlong is a song by American rock group Foo Fighters . It was released in August 1997 as the second single from their second studio album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) . The song reached number 3 on the US Billboard Alternative Songs chart and the Canadian ( RPM ) Rock/Alternative chart .'}]}, {'value': 'Foo Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foo_Fighters', 'summary': "Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the suicide of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as foo fighters . Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would appear as a guest with the band frequently starting in 2006 , and would rejoin as an official full-time member in 2011 . They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '1990s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Girl 's Not Grey", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Girl's_Not_Grey", 'summary': "Girl 's Not Grey is a song by American rock band AFI . It was released as the debut single from their sixth studio album Sing the Sorrow in 2003 . Girl 's Not Grey was released to radio on February 4 , 2003 . It is the band 's third most successful single , peaking at # 7 on the Alternative Songs Chart and # 14 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Chart . A music video directed by David Slade was made for the song . It is a playable track in the video games Rock Band 2 and Guitar Hero Live , and a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero 5 and the iPod Touch application Tap Tap Revenge ."}]}, {'value': 'AFI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AFI_(band)', 'summary': "AFI ( abbreviation for A Fire Inside ) is an American rock band from Ukiah , California , formed in 1991 . Since 1998 , the band consists of lead vocalist Davey Havok , drummer and backing vocalist Adam Carson , bassist , backing vocalist and keyboardist Hunter Burgan , and guitarist , backing vocalist and keyboardist Jade Puget . Havok and Carson are the sole remaining original members . Originally a hardcore punk band , they have since delved into many genres , starting with horror punk and following through post-hardcore and emo into alternative rock and gothic rock . AFI has released ten studio albums , ten EPs , one live album and one DVD . The band first reached substantial commercial success with their fifth album , The Art of Drowning ( 2000 ) , which peaked at number 174 on the Billboard 200 . They then broke into the mainstream with their sixth , Sing the Sorrow ( 2003 ) , which peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and remained on the chart for 51 weeks . The album was supported by popular singles Girl 's Not Grey and Silver and Cold , both of which peaked at number seven on America 's Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in 2003 . The Leaving Song Pt . II was also released as a single , reaching number 16 on the chart . Sing the Sorrow was certified Platinum by the RIAA in 2006 and is AFI 's best-selling release , having sold over 1.26 million copies as of September 2009 [ update ] . AFI 's seventh album , Decemberunderground ( 2006 ) , debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and featured the hit single Miss Murder , which topped the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart and reached number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 ."}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Give It All', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Give_It_All', 'summary': "Give It All is a song by American rock band Rise Against . It was originally recorded for the 2004 compilation album Rock Against Bush , Vol . 1 , while a slightly altered version appeared on the band 's third studio album Siren Song of the Counter Culture later that year . It is a hardcore punk song , with lyrics that are about being a punk rocker in today 's world , according to lead vocalist Tim McIlrath . It was released as Siren Song of the Counter Culture 's first single in October 2004 . Despite receiving minimal coverage from music critics who reviewed Siren Song of the Counter Culture , Give It All has become one of Rise Against 's most widely recognized songs , and is credited as the band 's breakthrough single . It has been featured on multiple lists of the best Rise Against songs , and peaked at number thirty-seven on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart . The accompanying music video has the band perform in a crowded subway car , while other people travel throughout the city of Chicago vandalizing and defacing billboards and posters , with the intention of raising social and political awareness ."}]}, {'value': 'Rise Against', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rise_Against', 'summary': "Rise Against is an American punk rock band from Chicago . The group 's current line-up comprises vocalist/rhythm guitarist Tim McIlrath , lead guitarist Zach Blair , bassist Joe Principe and drummer Brandon Barnes . Rooted in hardcore punk and melodic hardcore , Rise Against 's music emphasizes melody , catchy hooks , aggression in both their sound and playing , and rapid tempos . Lyrically , the band is known for their outspoken social commentary , covering a wide range of topics such as animal rights , economic injustice , environmental disasters , forced displacement , homophobia , modern warfare , and political corruption . The band spent its first four years signed to the independent record label Fat Wreck Chords , on which they released two studio albums , The Unraveling ( 2001 ) and Revolutions per Minute ( 2003 ) . Both the albums were met with underground success , and in 2003 the band signed with the major label Dreamworks , which was absorbed by Geffen . Rise Against 's major label debut Siren Song of the Counter Culture ( 2004 ) brought the band mainstream success , largely in part to the popularity of the singles Give It All and Swing Life Away . The band 's next album , The Sufferer & the Witness ( 2006 ) , peaked at number ten on the Billboard 200 in the United States , and was Rise Against 's first album to chart in countries outside of North America . With the release of Appeal to Reason ( 2008 ) , Rise Against 's music shifted toward a more accessible and radio-friendly sound , with greater emphasis on production value . The album 's third single , Savior , broke the record for the most consecutive weeks spent on both the Hot Rock Songs and Modern Rock Tracks charts . Rise Against 's popularity grew with the release of Endgame ( 2011 ) , which peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 , and charted highly worldwide . The band 's two most recent albums , The Black Market ( 2014 ) and Wolves ( 2017 ) continued the trend of commercial success , and both peaked with the top ten on the Billboard 200 ."}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hanging on the Telephone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hanging_on_the_Telephone', 'summary': "Hanging on the Telephone is a song written by Jack Lee . It was first performed by his short-lived US West Coast power pop band The Nerves ; later in 1978 , it was recorded and released as a single by the American rock band Blondie after they realised the song 's potential via a cassette tape compilation which Jeffrey Lee Pierce had given the band ."}]}, {'value': 'Blondie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blondie_(band)', 'summary': "Blondie is an American rock band founded by singer Debbie Harry and guitarist Chris Stein . The band were pioneers in the early American new wave and punk scenes of the mid-late 1970s . Its first two albums contained strong elements of these genres , and although successful in the United Kingdom and Australia , Blondie was regarded as an underground band in the United States until the release of Parallel Lines in 1978 . Over the next three years , the band achieved several hit singles including Heart of Glass , Call Me , Rapture and The Tide Is High and became noted for its eclectic mix of musical styles incorporating elements of disco , pop , reggae , and early rap music . Blondie disbanded after the release of its sixth studio album , The Hunter , in 1982 . Debbie Harry continued to pursue a solo career with varied results after taking a few years off to care for partner Chris Stein , who was diagnosed with pemphigus , a rare autoimmune disease of the skin . The band re-formed in 1997 , achieving renewed success and a number one single in the United Kingdom with Maria in 1999 , exactly 20 years after their first UK No.1 single ( Heart of Glass ) . The group toured and performed throughout the world during the following years , and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2006 . Blondie has sold around 40 million records worldwide and is still active . The band 's tenth studio album , Ghosts of Download , was released in 2014 and their eleventh studio album , Pollinator , was released on May 5 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pop/Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hymn 43', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hymn_43', 'summary': "Hymn 43 is a song by British progressive rock group Jethro Tull . It is off their Aqualung album and was released as a single by Reprise Records . The song reached No . 91 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Songwriter Ian Anderson described the song as a blues for Jesus , about the gory , glory seekers who use his name as an excuse for a lot of unsavoury things . You know , 'Hey Dad , it 's not my fault - the missionaries lied . ' Sean Murphy of PopMatters wrote that , For Hymn 43 Anderson sets his sights on the US and in quick order sets about decimating the hypocrisy and myth-making of religion and the new religion , entertainment . According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing , the song is set in the time signature of common time . It is composed in the key of D Major with Anderson 's vocal range spanning from G4 to Eb6 . The song was later included in the video game Rock Band 4 as downloadable content ."}]}, {'value': 'Jethro Tull', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(band)', 'summary': "Jethro Tull are a British rock band formed in Blackpool , Lancashire , in 1967 . Initially playing blues rock and jazz fusion , the band later developed their sound to incorporate elements of hard rock and folk rock to forge a progressive rock signature . The band is led by vocalist/flautist/guitarist Ian Anderson , and has featured a revolving door of lineups through the years including significant members such as guitarists Mick Abrahams and Martin Barre , keyboardist John Evan , drummers Clive Bunker , Barriemore Barlow , and Doane Perry , and bassists Glenn Cornick , Jeffrey Hammond , John Glascock , and Dave Pegg . The group first achieved commercial success in 1969 , with the folk-tinged blues album Stand Up , which reached No . 1 in the UK , and they toured regularly in the UK and the US . Their musical style shifted in the direction of progressive rock with the albums Aqualung ( 1971 ) , Thick as a Brick ( 1972 ) and A Passion Play ( 1973 ) , and shifted again to hard rock mixed with folk rock with Songs from the Wood ( 1977 ) and Heavy Horses ( 1978 ) . After an excursion into electronic rock in the early-to-mid 1980s , the band won its sole Grammy Award with the 1987 album Crest of a Knave . Jethro Tull have sold an estimated 60 million albums worldwide , with 11 gold and five platinum albums among them . They have been described by Rolling Stone as one of the most commercially successful and eccentric progressive rock bands . The last works as a group to contain new material were released in 2003 , though the band continued to tour until 2011 . Anderson said Jethro Tull were finished in 2014 ; however , in September 2017 Anderson announced plans for a tour to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the band 's first album This Was , and then record a new studio album in 2018 . This was later clarified ; the album will be an Anderson solo project , and is now scheduled for release in 2020 [ citation needed ] ."}]}, {'value': '1970s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Progressive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ladybug', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ladybug_(The_Presidents_of_the_United_States_of_America_song)', 'summary': "Ladybug is the second single from The Presidents of the United States of America 's album These Are the Good Times People . On November 4 , 2008 the song was released as downloadable content for the video game Rock Band along with the songs Dune Buggy and Feather Pluckn as the Presidents of the United States of America Pack 01 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Presidents of the United States of America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Presidents_of_the_United_States_of_America_(band)', 'summary': 'The Presidents of the United States of America ( occasionally referred to as PUSA , The Presidents or Pot USA ) was an American alternative rock power trio band . The band formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1993 , and disbanded in 2015 . The three-piece group consisted of vocalist and bassist Chris Ballew , drummer Jason Finn with guitarist Andrew McKeag . Guitarist Dave Dederer was a member of the band for eleven years before leaving in 2004 . The band released six studio albums during its twenty-two-year existence , and were best known for their 1996 song Peaches .'}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lazy Eye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lazy_Eye_(Silversun_Pickups_song)', 'summary': "Lazy Eye is the third single from Silversun Pickups ' debut album Carnavas . The band performed the song on the Late Show with David Letterman , The Tonight Show with Jay Leno , Later With Jools Holland , and Last Call with Carson Daly . The song is a playable track on Rock Band 2 and Guitar Hero : World Tour . An alternate version of the song , with a length of 7:27 , was played on XMU before the shorter version was played on FM and other XM channels . This version was featured on their demo CD ( which featured early versions of four tracks ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Silversun Pickups', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silversun_Pickups', 'summary': "Silversun Pickups is an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles that was formed in 2000 . The band is composed of Brian Aubert , Nikki Monninger , Christopher Guanlao , and Joe Lester . The band released their debut EP , Pikul , in July 2005 , and their debut album , Carnavas , on July 26 , 2006 . Their second album , Swoon , was released on April 14 , 2009 . Neck of the Woods , the band 's third album , came out on May 8 , 2012 . They issued their fourth album , Better Nature , on September 25 , 2015 . Their fifth album , Widow 's Weeds , came out on June 7 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Learn to Fly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Learn_to_Fly', 'summary': "Learn to Fly is a song by American rock band Foo Fighters . It was released as the lead single from their third studio album There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) , on September 18 , 1999 . It was the band 's first song to enter the Billboard Hot 100 , as well as their second-highest charting song on the Hot 100 , peaking at number 19 . It also peaked within the top 40 in Australia , Canada , Hungary , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Poland , Scotland , and the United Kingdom . The song 's music video won Best Short Form Video award at the 43rd Grammy Awards in 2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Foo Fighters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foo_Fighters', 'summary': "Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the suicide of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as foo fighters . Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would appear as a guest with the band frequently starting in 2006 , and would rejoin as an official full-time member in 2011 . They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '1990s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alternative', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Move Along', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Move_Along_(song)', 'summary': 'Move Along is a song by the American rock band The All-American Rejects , released on February 27 , 2006 , as the second single from their second studio album Move Along .'}]}, {'value': 'All-American Rejects', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All-American_Rejects', 'summary': "The All-American Rejects is an American rock band formed in Stillwater , Oklahoma in 1999 . The band consists of lead vocalist and bassist Tyson Ritter , lead guitarist and backing vocalist Nick Wheeler , rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Mike Kennerty , and drummer Chris Gaylor . Wheeler and Ritter are the band 's songwriters ; Wheeler is the primary composer and Ritter is the main lyricist . Although Kennerty and Gaylor are not founding members , they have appeared in all of the band 's music videos and on all studio releases except for the band 's self-titled debut . The group achieved mainstream success with their debut self-titled studio album The All-American Rejects , released in 2003 on the Dreamworks Records label . The album was certified platinum by the RIAA and spawned the single Swing , Swing . The band 's second studio album Move Along brought the group further mainstream success in 2005 , producing the hit singles , Dirty Little Secret , Move Along and It Ends Tonight , all of which charted in the top fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , while Move Along was certified double platinum by the RIAA . Their third studio album When the World Comes Down was released in 2008 and was later certified gold by the RIAA . Its lead single Gives You Hell became The All-American Rejects ' most successful song to date , peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top 5 in many other countries . Gives You Hell was certified 4× multi-platinum for sales of over 4 million in the United States by the RIAA . Kids in the Street , the band 's fourth studio album , was released March 26 , 2012 and debuted at number 18 on the US Billboard 200 chart . On October 30 , 2015 , the group released a new single named There 's a Place ."}]}, {'value': '2000s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pop/Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabotage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabotage_(song)', 'summary': "Sabotage is a 1994 song by American hip-hop group Beastie Boys , released as the first single from their fourth studio album Ill Communication . The song features traditional rock instrumentation ( Ad-Rock on guitar , MCA on bass , and Mike D on drums ) , turntable scratches , heavily distorted bass guitar riffs and lead vocals by Ad-Rock . A moderate commercial success , the song was notable as well for its video , directed by Spike Jonze and nominated in five categories at the 1994 MTV Music Video Awards . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked Sabotage # 480 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . In March 2005 , Q magazine placed it at # 46 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks , and was ranked # 19 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s list . Pitchfork Media included the song at # 39 on their Top 200 Tracks of the 90s list ."}]}, {'value': 'Beastie Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beastie_Boys', 'summary': "The Beastie Boys were an American hip hop group from New York City formed in 1981 . The group was composed of Michael Mike D Diamond ( vocals , drums ) , Adam MCA Yauch ( vocals , bass ) and Adam Ad-Rock Horovitz ( vocals , guitar , programming ) . The Beastie Boys were formed as a four-piece hardcore punk band , the Young Aborigines , in 1978 by Mike D ( vocals ) , MCA ( bass ) , John Berry ( guitar ) and Kate Schellenbach ( drums ) . They appeared on the compilation cassette New York Thrash , contributing two songs from their first EP , Polly Wog Stew , in 1982 . Berry left shortly thereafter and was replaced by Horovitz . After achieving local success with the 1983 experimental hip hop single Cooky Puss , the Beastie Boys made a full transition to hip hop , and Schellenbach left the group soon after . They toured with Madonna in 1985 and a year later released their debut album Licensed to Ill . It was followed by Paul 's Boutique , Check Your Head , Ill Communication , Hello Nasty , To the 5 Boroughs , The Mix-Up , and Hot Sauce Committee Part Two . The Beastie Boys have sold 26 million records in the United States and 50 million records worldwide , making them the biggest-selling rap group since Billboard began recording sales in 1991 . With seven platinum-selling albums from 1986 to 2004 , the Beastie Boys were one of the longest-lived hip hop acts worldwide . In 2012 , they became the third rap group to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . In the same year , MCA died of cancer ."}]}, {'value': '1990s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simple Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simple_Man_(Lynyrd_Skynyrd_song)', 'summary': "Simple Man is the last track on side one of Lynyrd Skynyrd 's debut album Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd . The song is one of Lynyrd Skynyrd 's most popular songs . Since the song became available for digital download , it has become Lynyrd Skynyrd 's third best-selling digital song after Sweet Home Alabama and Free Bird . It has sold 1,333,000 copies in the U.S. as of November 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lynyrd Skynyrd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lynyrd_Skynyrd', 'summary': "Lynyrd Skynyrd ( /ˌlɛnərd ˈskɪnərd/ LEN-ərd SKIN-ərd ) is an American rock band formed in Jacksonville , Florida , in 1964 . The group was originally named My Backyard and comprised Ronnie Van Zant ( lead vocalist ) , Gary Rossington ( guitar ) , Allen Collins ( guitar ) , Larry Junstrom ( bass guitar ) and Bob Burns ( drums ) . The band spent five years touring small venues under a variety of different names and with several lineup changes before finally deciding on Lynyrd Skynyrd in 1969 . The band released their first album in 1973 , having settled on a lineup that included bassist Leon Wilkeson , keyboardist Billy Powell and guitarist Ed King . Burns would later be replaced by Artimus Pyle , and King by Steve Gaines . At the height of their fame during the 1970s , the band popularized the Southern rock genre with songs such as Sweet Home Alabama and Free Bird . The band abruptly ceased when Ronnie Van Zant , Steve Gaines , and backup singer Cassie Gaines were killed in an airplane crash on October 20 , 1977 , but reformed in 1987 for a reunion tour with Ronnie 's brother , Johnny Van Zant , as its lead vocalist . Lynyrd Skynyrd continues to tour and record with co-founder Rossington ( being the band 's sole continuous member ) , Johnny Van Zant , and Rickey Medlocke , who first wrote and recorded with the band from 1971 to 1972 before his return in 1996 . In January 2018 , Lynyrd Skynyrd announced its farewell tour , and continue touring as of October 2019 . Members are also working on their fifteenth album . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked Lynyrd Skynyrd No . 95 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time ."}]}, {'value': '1970s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southern Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Take the Money and Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Take_the_Money_and_Run_(song)', 'summary': 'Take the Money and Run is a song recorded in 1976 by the Steve Miller Band . A song about two young ( possibly teenage ) bandits and the police officer pursuing them , it was one of the many hit singles produced by the Steve Miller Band in the 1970s and featured on Fly Like an Eagle . The song peaked at # 11 on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 in July 1976 and also charted well in Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Miller Band', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Miller_Band', 'summary': "The Steve Miller Band is an American rock band formed in 1966 in San Francisco , California . The band is led by Steve Miller on guitar and lead vocals . The group is best known for a string of ( mainly ) mid- to late-1970s hit singles that are staples of classic rock radio , as well as several earlier psychedelic rock albums . Miller left his first band to move to San Francisco and form the Steve Miller Blues Band . Shortly after Harvey Kornspan negotiated the bands contract with Capitol Records in 1967 , the band shortened its name to the Steve Miller Band . In February 1968 , the band recorded its debut album , Children of the Future . It went on to produce the albums Sailor , Brave New World , Your Saving Grace , Number 5 , Rock Love , Fly Like an Eagle , Book of Dreams , and more . The band 's Greatest Hits 1974-78 , released in 1978 , sold over 13 million copies . In 2016 , Steve Miller was inducted as a solo artist in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '1970s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classic Rock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'We Got the Beat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/We_Got_the_Beat', 'summary': "We Got the Beat is a song recorded by the American rock band the Go-Go 's . Written by the group 's lead guitarist and keyboardist Charlotte Caffey , and considered to be their signature song , the band recorded the song in 1980 and it was released in July as a single in the UK on Stiff Records . The song 's single release brought the Go-Go 's underground credibility in the UK . The song climbed to No . 35 on the U.S . Hot Dance Club Play chart due to the popularity of the song in clubs as an import . It is considered a new wave classic hit ."}]}, {'value': "The Go-Go 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Go-Go's", 'summary': "The Go-Go 's are an American new wave band formed in Los Angeles , California in 1978 . Except for short periods when other musicians joined briefly , the band has had a relatively stable line-up consisting of Charlotte Caffey on lead guitar and keyboards , Belinda Carlisle on lead vocals , Gina Schock on drums , Kathy Valentine on bass guitar , and Jane Wiedlin on rhythm guitar . The Go-Go 's rose to fame during the early 1980s and were the first , and to date only , all-female band that both wrote their own songs and played their own instruments to top the Billboard album charts . Their 1981 debut album , Beauty and the Beat , is considered one of the cornerstone albums of US new wave ( AllMusic ) , breaking barriers and paving the way for a host of other new American acts . When the album was released , it steadily climbed the Billboard 200 chart , ultimately reaching No . 1 , where it remained for six consecutive weeks . The album sold over 2 million copies and went double platinum , making it one of the most successful debut albums of all time , and the group was nominated for the Best New Artist award at the 24th Annual Grammy Awards . The Go-Go 's have sold over 7 million records worldwide . The Go-Go 's broke up in 1985 but reconvened several times through the 1990s and beyond , recording new material and touring . Though their 2016 performances were billed as a farewell tour , the band remains active on a sporadic ad hoc basis , most recently with three performances at The Hollywood Bowl in July 2018 , and a short summer tour scheduled in 2020 with all five original members . Head Over Heels , a musical featuring the songs of the Go-Go 's , ran on Broadway at the Hudson Theatre from July 26 , 2018 to January 6 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pop/Rock', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Soundtrack', 'section_text': "There are twenty songs available by default on Rock Band . Players are able to download additional songs in the in-game `` Music Store '' , which is available using Wi-Fi or a cellular data connection to the internet . These songs were either on previous Rock Band games or Downloadable Content .", 'uid': 'Rock_Band_(iOS)_0', 'intro': "Rock Band is a music video game released for the iOS. It was co-developed by EA Montreal and Harmonix, and was published by Electronic Arts and MTV Games. The game was released as a part of the Rock Band series for download through the App Store in several regions on October 19, 2009. On May 2, 2012 RockBandAide announced that EA intends to discontinue Rock Band with servers being disconnected and support being dropped on May 31, 2012. However, EA stated that the message was sent in error and the app will remain available to those who purchased the app. It was later announced that due to an expiring contract with Harmonix the game would be removed from the App Store. This occurred on July 31, 2012, and the game is now currently unavailable; though users who have previously downloaded the game can continue to play it. Gameplay is similar to other Rock Band series games, but controlled without instrument controllers, and instead with the iOS-device's multi-touch display and built-in accelerometer. The game features multiplayer support over Bluetooth, and online play via Facebook Connect. A total of twenty songs appear in the game, and extra songs are available as purchasable, downloadable content."}
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From what city is the band that performed Cherub Rock ?
Chicago
fea2784a74e1df8c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brussels_Metro_stations', 'title': 'List of Brussels Metro stations', 'header': ['#', 'Name in French', 'Name in Dutch', 'Opened', 'Interchange'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roi Baudouin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Baudouin_metro_station', 'summary': 'The King Baudouin Metro Station ( Dutch : Koning Boudewijn , French : Roi Baudouin ) is western terminus of line 6 ( formerly 1A ) of the Brussels Metro . It serves the King Baudouin Stadium . It was opened on 25 August 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'Koning Boudewijn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Baudouin_metro_station', 'summary': 'The King Baudouin Metro Station ( Dutch : Koning Boudewijn , French : Roi Baudouin ) is western terminus of line 6 ( formerly 1A ) of the Brussels Metro . It serves the King Baudouin Stadium . It was opened on 25 August 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heysel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heysel_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Heysel ( French ) or Heizel ( Dutch ) Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 ( formerly 1A ) of the Brussels Metro . It was opened on 5 July 1985 and serves the Heysel area , famous for the 1958 Brussels World Fair , the King Baudouin Stadium ( formerly known as the Heysel Stadium ) and the Atomium . The Bruparck entertainment park ( with among others Mini-Europe , a movie theater , a swimming-pool ) and the Brussels Exhibition Hall are also located nearby . Prior to 1998 , the station was the western terminus of line 1A ( now line 6 ) . The line was expanded to the King Baudouin metro station for the 2000 UEFA European Football Championship . The station is located in the City of Brussels . It offers a connection with tram route 7 as well as bus routes 84 and 88 .'}]}, {'value': 'Heizel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heysel_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Heysel ( French ) or Heizel ( Dutch ) Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 ( formerly 1A ) of the Brussels Metro . It was opened on 5 July 1985 and serves the Heysel area , famous for the 1958 Brussels World Fair , the King Baudouin Stadium ( formerly known as the Heysel Stadium ) and the Atomium . The Bruparck entertainment park ( with among others Mini-Europe , a movie theater , a swimming-pool ) and the Brussels Exhibition Hall are also located nearby . Prior to 1998 , the station was the western terminus of line 1A ( now line 6 ) . The line was expanded to the King Baudouin metro station for the 2000 UEFA European Football Championship . The station is located in the City of Brussels . It offers a connection with tram route 7 as well as bus routes 84 and 88 .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houba-Brugmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houba-Brugmann_metro_station', 'summary': 'Houba-Brugmann metro station is located under Houba De Strooper Avenue in the northwest of the City of Brussels , near the Brugmann University Hospital , named after the 19th century philanthropist Georges Brugmann [ circular reference ] and city official Louis Houba . The underground Brussels Metro station was opened on 5 July 1985 and is part of Line 6 .'}]}, {'value': 'Houba-Brugmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houba-Brugmann_metro_station', 'summary': 'Houba-Brugmann metro station is located under Houba De Strooper Avenue in the northwest of the City of Brussels , near the Brugmann University Hospital , named after the 19th century philanthropist Georges Brugmann [ circular reference ] and city official Louis Houba . The underground Brussels Metro station was opened on 5 July 1985 and is part of Line 6 .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuyvenbergh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stuyvenbergh_metro_station', 'summary': 'Stuyvenbergh metro station is located under the intersection of Avenue Houba De Strooper , Emile Bockstael and De Smet De Naeyerlaan , in the northwest of the City of Brussels . The underground station is named after the Castle of Stuyvenberg , located east of the station in the park of Laeken . Stuyvenbergh Brussels Metro station , opened on 5 July 1985 , is on line 6 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stuyvenbergh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stuyvenbergh_metro_station', 'summary': 'Stuyvenbergh metro station is located under the intersection of Avenue Houba De Strooper , Emile Bockstael and De Smet De Naeyerlaan , in the northwest of the City of Brussels . The underground station is named after the Castle of Stuyvenberg , located east of the station in the park of Laeken . Stuyvenbergh Brussels Metro station , opened on 5 July 1985 , is on line 6 .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bockstael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bockstael_station', 'summary': 'Bockstael Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 of the Brussels Metro . It was opened in 1982 and named after the Place Émile Bockstael/Émile Bockstaelplein . Prior to the opening of the extension to the Heizel/Heysel metro station in 1985 , the station was the western terminus of line 1A ( now line 6 ) . The station allows transfer to and from suburban railway line 50 to Aalst and Dendermonde via Belgian Rail . A two track railway station with side platforms is integrated into the subway complex and replaced the old railway station of Laken , located about 200m eastwards .'}]}, {'value': 'Bockstael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bockstael_station', 'summary': 'Bockstael Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 of the Brussels Metro . It was opened in 1982 and named after the Place Émile Bockstael/Émile Bockstaelplein . Prior to the opening of the extension to the Heizel/Heysel metro station in 1985 , the station was the western terminus of line 1A ( now line 6 ) . The station allows transfer to and from suburban railway line 50 to Aalst and Dendermonde via Belgian Rail . A two track railway station with side platforms is integrated into the subway complex and replaced the old railway station of Laken , located about 200m eastwards .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pannenhuis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pannenhuis_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Pannenhuis Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 of the Brussels Metro and was opened in 1982 . The metro station is named after the Pannenhuisstraat , which is just to the west , in the municipality of Jette .'}]}, {'value': 'Pannenhuis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pannenhuis_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Pannenhuis Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 of the Brussels Metro and was opened in 1982 . The metro station is named after the Pannenhuisstraat , which is just to the west , in the municipality of Jette .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgica_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Belgica Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 of the Brussels Metro and was opened in 1982 . The station is named in honor of the ship which carried the first Belgian polar expedition to the Antarctic in 1897 .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgica_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Belgica Metro Station is one of the metro stations on line 6 of the Brussels Metro and was opened in 1982 . The station is named in honor of the ship which carried the first Belgian polar expedition to the Antarctic in 1897 .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simonis ( Leopold II )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simonis_metro_station', 'summary': 'Simonis is a station on the Brussels Metro serving lines 2 and 6 via two different levels . It opened on 6 October 1982 and is situated at the end of Boulevard Léopold II . It is close to Elizabeth Park and the Basilica of the Sacred Heart . The station was named after the Belgian sculptor Eugène Simonis . The station is also served by buses , a tram and the Belgian national railway . On April 2009 , as a result of the reorganized metro lines 2 and 6 ( which now go in a loop-trajectory ) , Simonis was given two separate names corresponding to the two separate moments that the lines call this station :'}]}, {'value': 'Simonis ( Leopold II )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simonis_metro_station', 'summary': 'Simonis is a station on the Brussels Metro serving lines 2 and 6 via two different levels . It opened on 6 October 1982 and is situated at the end of Boulevard Léopold II . It is close to Elizabeth Park and the Basilica of the Sacred Heart . The station was named after the Belgian sculptor Eugène Simonis . The station is also served by buses , a tram and the Belgian national railway . On April 2009 , as a result of the reorganized metro lines 2 and 6 ( which now go in a loop-trajectory ) , Simonis was given two separate names corresponding to the two separate moments that the lines call this station :'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Osseghem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osseghem/Ossegem_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Osseghem/Ossegem Metro Station is one of the metro stations on lines 2 and 6 of the Brussels Metro and was opened in 1982 . It is named after the Osseghem neighbourhood : the name is of Germanic origin and is composed of Odso + -inga + gem , residence of the people of Odso .'}]}, {'value': 'Ossegem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osseghem/Ossegem_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Osseghem/Ossegem Metro Station is one of the metro stations on lines 2 and 6 of the Brussels Metro and was opened in 1982 . It is named after the Osseghem neighbourhood : the name is of Germanic origin and is composed of Odso + -inga + gem , residence of the people of Odso .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beekkant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beekkant_metro_station', 'summary': 'Beekkant is a metro station in Brussels , served by lines 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 of the Brussels Metro . The station is located in the municipality of Sint-Jans-Molenbeek , in the western part of Brussels . It runs parallel to a railway used for freight trains , and from 2010 again , as suburban railway line of the future Brussels RER .'}]}, {'value': 'Beekkant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beekkant_metro_station', 'summary': 'Beekkant is a metro station in Brussels , served by lines 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 of the Brussels Metro . The station is located in the municipality of Sint-Jans-Molenbeek , in the western part of Brussels . It runs parallel to a railway used for freight trains , and from 2010 again , as suburban railway line of the future Brussels RER .'}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 1 , Line 2 , Line 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Gare de l'Ouest", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brussels-West_station', 'summary': "Brussels-West Station ( French : Gare de l'Ouest , Dutch : Weststation ) is a multimodal transport hub located in the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean , Brussels . The station was initially opened in 1872 on the western orbital railroad of Brussels , line 28 . It used to be an extensive goods yard , with the station building located close to the current location of Beekkant metro station . After closure of the goods yard , the platforms were moved south . The station was closed for passengers in 1984 , but reopened in December 2009 in the framework of the Brussels RER project . From 1982 the station was also served by the line 1B of the Brussels Metro . With the completion of the loop of the line 2 and the reorganisation of the Brussels metro network in April 2009 , all Brussels metro lines now serve the station . The station also connects with tram and bus , and the new Jacques Brel bus and metro depot has been built very near to it ."}]}, {'value': 'Weststation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brussels-West_station', 'summary': "Brussels-West Station ( French : Gare de l'Ouest , Dutch : Weststation ) is a multimodal transport hub located in the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean , Brussels . The station was initially opened in 1872 on the western orbital railroad of Brussels , line 28 . It used to be an extensive goods yard , with the station building located close to the current location of Beekkant metro station . After closure of the goods yard , the platforms were moved south . The station was closed for passengers in 1984 , but reopened in December 2009 in the framework of the Brussels RER project . From 1982 the station was also served by the line 1B of the Brussels Metro . With the completion of the loop of the line 2 and the reorganisation of the Brussels metro network in April 2009 , all Brussels metro lines now serve the station . The station also connects with tram and bus , and the new Jacques Brel bus and metro depot has been built very near to it ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgian Rail , Line 1 , Line 2 , Line 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delacroix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delacroix_metro_station', 'summary': 'Delacroix is a station on lines 2 and 6 of the Brussels metro . It runs parallel to Delacroix street , located in the municipality of Anderlecht . The station is a bridge/viaduct on top of the Brussels-Charleroi Canal , with entries and exits leading to and from both banks of the canal .'}]}, {'value': 'Delacroix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delacroix_metro_station', 'summary': 'Delacroix is a station on lines 2 and 6 of the Brussels metro . It runs parallel to Delacroix street , located in the municipality of Anderlecht . The station is a bridge/viaduct on top of the Brussels-Charleroi Canal , with entries and exits leading to and from both banks of the canal .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clemenceau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clemenceau_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Clemenceau metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened on 18 June 1993 and was the terminus of line 2 until Delacroix opened in 2006 . It is located on rue Jorez , close to Clemenceau Avenue ( named for Georges Clemenceau ) , in the municipality of Anderlecht .'}]}, {'value': 'Clemenceau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clemenceau_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Clemenceau metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened on 18 June 1993 and was the terminus of line 2 until Delacroix opened in 2006 . It is located on rue Jorez , close to Clemenceau Avenue ( named for Georges Clemenceau ) , in the municipality of Anderlecht .'}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gare du Midi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruxelles-Midi_/_Brussel-Zuid_railway_station', 'summary': 'Brussels-South ( French : Bruxelles-Midi , Dutch : Brussel-Zuid , IATA code : ZYR ) is one of the three major railway stations in Brussels ( the other two are Brussels Central and Brussels North ) and the busiest station in Belgium . It is located on the territory of the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis . The Brussels-Capital Region is bilingual ; hence , both the French and Dutch names of the station are official . Outside Belgium , this often leads to the use of combined shorthands ; for example in the Thomas Cook European Rail Timetable , Brussels-South is designated as Brussels Midi/Zuid ; Dutch Railways announce the station as Brussel Zuid/Midi . The station is also connected to the Gare du Midi/Zuidstation station of the Brussels Metro system . Le Midi is reference to Southern France as far end of the trains leaving the Brussels from this station .'}]}, {'value': 'Zuidstation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruxelles-Midi_/_Brussel-Zuid_railway_station', 'summary': 'Brussels-South ( French : Bruxelles-Midi , Dutch : Brussel-Zuid , IATA code : ZYR ) is one of the three major railway stations in Brussels ( the other two are Brussels Central and Brussels North ) and the busiest station in Belgium . It is located on the territory of the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis . The Brussels-Capital Region is bilingual ; hence , both the French and Dutch names of the station are official . Outside Belgium , this often leads to the use of combined shorthands ; for example in the Thomas Cook European Rail Timetable , Brussels-South is designated as Brussels Midi/Zuid ; Dutch Railways announce the station as Brussel Zuid/Midi . The station is also connected to the Gare du Midi/Zuidstation station of the Brussels Metro system . Le Midi is reference to Southern France as far end of the trains leaving the Brussels from this station .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgian Rail , Thalys , Eurostar , ICE , Line 2 , Line 3 , Line 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Porte de Hal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porte_de_Hal/Hallepoort_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Porte de Hal/Hallepoort metro station is a double Brussels metro/premetro station ; one station on the southern segment of metro line 2/6 and one premetro station on the North-South axis . The metro station opened on 2 October 1988 and the premetro station opened on 3 December 1993 ( the metro operates one level below the premetro lines ) . It is located under the small ring in the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis , next to the 14th century city gate of Porte de Hal/Hallepoort . The station contains several artworks by François Schuiten of metro trains and futuristic cityscapes , including some views of the medieval Porte de Hal city gate amongst skyscrapers . The station is one stop or about 10 minutes walk from Brussels-South Railway Station .'}]}, {'value': 'Hallepoort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porte_de_Hal/Hallepoort_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Porte de Hal/Hallepoort metro station is a double Brussels metro/premetro station ; one station on the southern segment of metro line 2/6 and one premetro station on the North-South axis . The metro station opened on 2 October 1988 and the premetro station opened on 3 December 1993 ( the metro operates one level below the premetro lines ) . It is located under the small ring in the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis , next to the 14th century city gate of Porte de Hal/Hallepoort . The station contains several artworks by François Schuiten of metro trains and futuristic cityscapes , including some views of the medieval Porte de Hal city gate amongst skyscrapers . The station is one stop or about 10 minutes walk from Brussels-South Railway Station .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hôtel des Monnaies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hôtel_des_Monnaies/Munthof_metro_station', 'summary': "The Hôtel des Monnaies/Munthof is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened on 2 October 1988 and is located under the small ring near the University Medical Centre of Saint Peter in the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis . It is on the Rue de l'Hôtel des Monnaies/Munthofstraat , after which it is named , where Belgian currency used to be minted . During the construction , work on the metro tunnels ran up against the foundations of the old town walls , which ran 10 metres beneath ground level . These walls now form part of the station ."}]}, {'value': 'Munthof', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hôtel_des_Monnaies/Munthof_metro_station', 'summary': "The Hôtel des Monnaies/Munthof is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened on 2 October 1988 and is located under the small ring near the University Medical Centre of Saint Peter in the municipality of Saint-Gilles/Sint-Gillis . It is on the Rue de l'Hôtel des Monnaies/Munthofstraat , after which it is named , where Belgian currency used to be minted . During the construction , work on the metro tunnels ran up against the foundations of the old town walls , which ran 10 metres beneath ground level . These walls now form part of the station ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louise/Louiza_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Louise/Louiza metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of lines 2 and 6 . It opened on 19 August 1985 and is located under the small ring at the end of Avenue Louise in the municipality of the City of Brussels . The station hosted the shots of the video clip for the Stromae song Formidable in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Louiza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louise/Louiza_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Louise/Louiza metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of lines 2 and 6 . It opened on 19 August 1985 and is located under the small ring at the end of Avenue Louise in the municipality of the City of Brussels . The station hosted the shots of the video clip for the Stromae song Formidable in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Porte de Namur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porte_de_Namur/Naamsepoort_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened as a premetro on 20 December 1970 and became a heavy metro on 2 October 1988 . The station is located under the small ring in the municipality of Ixelles . It takes its name from the ancient Namur Gate in the old Brussels city walls .'}]}, {'value': 'Naamsepoort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porte_de_Namur/Naamsepoort_metro_station', 'summary': 'The Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened as a premetro on 20 December 1970 and became a heavy metro on 2 October 1988 . The station is located under the small ring in the municipality of Ixelles . It takes its name from the ancient Namur Gate in the old Brussels city walls .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trône', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trône/Troon_metro_station', 'summary': "The Trône/Troon metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened as a premetro on 20 December 1970 under the name of Luxembourg . The station became a heavy metro on 2 October 1988 and its name changed to its name to reflect the neighboring Place du Trône/Troonplein ( 'Throne Square ' ) . The station is located under the small ring in the municipality of the City of Brussels and is near the Royal Palace of Brussels ."}]}, {'value': 'Troon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trône/Troon_metro_station', 'summary': "The Trône/Troon metro station is a Brussels metro station on the southern segment of line 2 . It opened as a premetro on 20 December 1970 under the name of Luxembourg . The station became a heavy metro on 2 October 1988 and its name changed to its name to reflect the neighboring Place du Trône/Troonplein ( 'Throne Square ' ) . The station is located under the small ring in the municipality of the City of Brussels and is near the Royal Palace of Brussels ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arts-Loi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arts-Loi/Kunst-Wet_metro_station', 'summary': "Kunst-Wet ( Dutch ) or Arts-Loi ( French ) is a Brussels metro station in the City of Brussels . It is located under the intersection of Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat and Avenue des Arts/Kunstlaan , the latter street being part of the inner ring . The station 's lower level was opened on 17 December 1969 , although at that time the station served tram rather than railway lines . The first metro train stopped here on 20 September 1976 . There was then only one metro line ( line 1 ) split into two branches at Merode . The station was extended in 1988 with the opening of the old line 2 station , located on the upper level . The station is mainly used by commuters as there are few tourist sites nearby , although as an important junction between lines , many users of the metro network change trains here ."}]}, {'value': 'Kunst-Wet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arts-Loi/Kunst-Wet_metro_station', 'summary': "Kunst-Wet ( Dutch ) or Arts-Loi ( French ) is a Brussels metro station in the City of Brussels . It is located under the intersection of Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat and Avenue des Arts/Kunstlaan , the latter street being part of the inner ring . The station 's lower level was opened on 17 December 1969 , although at that time the station served tram rather than railway lines . The first metro train stopped here on 20 September 1976 . There was then only one metro line ( line 1 ) split into two branches at Merode . The station was extended in 1988 with the opening of the old line 2 station , located on the upper level . The station is mainly used by commuters as there are few tourist sites nearby , although as an important junction between lines , many users of the metro network change trains here ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Line 1 , Line 2 , Line 5', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Line 6', 'section_text': "[ vte ] Brussels Metro line 6 Legend Westbound Eastbound Roi Baudouin/Koning Boudewijn 7 Heysel/Heizel Premetro lines Houba-Brugmann Stuyvenbergh Bockstael Pannenhuis Belgica Simonis ( L.II ) / ( E. ) Ribaucourt Yser/IJzer Osseghem/Ossegem Rogier 34 51 Beekkant Botanique/Kruidtuin Madou 51 Brussels-West1 Arts-Loi/Kunst-Wet 51 1Gare de l'Ouest/ Weststation Trône/Troon Delacroix Porte de Namur/Naamsepoort Louise/Louiza Clemenceau Hôtel des Monnaies/Munthof 34 Brussels-South2 Porte de Hal/Hallepoort 34 2Gare du Midi/Zuidstation Line 6 replaces the former Line 1A between Beekkant and King Baudouin since 4 April 2009 . It also runs under the Brussels small ring as does Line 2 .", 'uid': 'List_of_Brussels_Metro_stations_3', 'intro': 'This list of Brussels metro and premetro stations includes all the underground stations in the Brussels metro and premetro network, arranged by line. The premetro refers to sections of the Brussels tramway network which run underground and at metro frequency.'}
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What date was the station opened in 1998 ?
25 August 1998
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hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor', 'title': 'European Film Award for Best Actor', 'header': ['Actor', 'Awards', 'Nominations'], 'data': [{'value': 'Daniel Auteuil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil', 'summary': "Daniel Auteuil ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ danjɛl otœj ] ; born 24 January 1950 ) is a French actor and director who has appeared in a wide range of film genres , including period dramas , romantic comedies , and crime thrillers . In 1996 he won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival together with Belgian actor Pascal Duquenne . He is also the winner of two César Awards for Best Actor , one in 1987 as Ugolin Soubeyran in Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources and one for his role in Girl on the Bridge . For his role in Jean de Florette he also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . Auteuil is considered one of France 's most respected actors ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toni Servillo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Servillo', 'summary': 'Marco Antonio Servillo ( Italian : [ ˈtɔni serˈviːllo ] ; born 25 January 1959 ) , known as Toni Servillo , is an Italian actor and theatrical director . He has won the European Film Award for Best Actor twice , in 2008 for both Gomorrah and Il Divo and in 2013 for The Great Beauty , as well as winning the David di Donatello for Best Actor four times from 2002 to 2013 . Servillo has accrued global fame for his portrayal of Silvio Berlusconi .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Javier Bardem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Javier_Bardem', 'summary': 'Javier Ángel Encinas Bardem ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xaˈβjeɾ βaɾˈðen ] ; born 1 March 1969 ) is a Spanish actor and environmental activist . Bardem won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic assassin Anton Chigurh in the 2007 Coen brothers film No Country for Old Men . He has also received critical acclaim for roles in films such as Jamón Jamón , Carne trémula , Vicky Cristina Barcelona , Boca a boca , Los lunes al sol , Mar adentro , and Skyfall , for which he received both a BAFTA and a SAG nomination for Best Supporting Actor . Bardem has also won two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a BAFTA , five Goya Awards , two European Film Awards , a Prize for Best Actor at Cannes ( ex-aequo with Elio Germano ) and two Volpi Cups at Venice for his work . He is the first Spanish actor to be nominated for an Oscar ( Best Actor , 2000 , for Before Night Falls ) , as well as the first Spaniard to win one , for Best Supporting Actor in No Country for Old Men , 2008 . He received his third Academy Award nomination , and second Best Actor nomination , for the film Biutiful . As of January 2018 , Bardem became an environmental activist with Greenpeace for protection of Antarctica .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '/ Daniel Brühl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Brühl', 'summary': "Daniel César Martin González Brühl Domingo ( German pronunciation : [ ˈbʁyːl- ] ; born 16 June 1978 ) is a Spanish-German actor . He began his work at a young age in a German soap opera called Verbotene Liebe in 1995 . In 2003 , his starring role in the German film Good Bye , Lenin ! received wider recognition and critical acclaim which garnered him the European Film Award for Best Actor and the German Film Award for Best Actor . Brühl has worked in both European and American productions in several different languages . He was introduced to mainstream U.S. audiences with his breakout role of Fredrick Zoller , a German war hero in Quentin Tarantino 's Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) , and appeared in such films as The Bourne Ultimatum ( 2007 ) , The Fifth Estate ( 2013 ) and A Most Wanted Man ( 2014 ) . Brühl received widespread critical acclaim and further recognition for his portrayal of former Formula 1 driver Niki Lauda in the Ron Howard biographical film Rush ( 2013 ) . In 2016 , Brühl made his Marvel Cinematic Universe debut in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) , portraying Helmut Zemo . Brühl will return to portray the role in the upcoming Disney+ series , The Falcon and the Winter Soldier ( 2020 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Caine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Caine', 'summary': "Sir Michael Caine , CBE ( /keɪn/ ; born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr. , 14 March 1933 ) is an English actor , film producer and author . He has appeared in more than 130 films in a career spanning over 60 years and is considered a British film icon . Known for his cockney accent , Caine was born in Southeast London . He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films , including Zulu ( 1964 ) , The Ipcress File ( 1965 ) , Alfie ( 1966 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award , The Italian Job ( 1969 ) and Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) . His roles in the 1970s included Get Carter ( 1971 ) , The Last Valley ( 1971 ) , Sleuth ( 1972 ) , for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination , The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) and A Bridge Too Far ( 1977 ) . He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s , with Educating Rita ( 1983 ) , earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In 1986 , he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen 's Hannah and Her Sisters . Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet Christmas Carol ( 1992 ) . This was his first starring role in several years , which led to a career resurgence in the late 1990s , receiving his second Golden Globe Award for his performance in Little Voice in 1998 and his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Cider House Rules , the following year . Caine played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember , and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy . He appeared in several other of Nolan 's films , including The Prestige ( 2006 ) , Inception ( 2010 ) and Interstellar ( 2014 ) . He also appeared in Alfonso Cuarón 's Children of Men and Matthew Vaughn 's action comedy film Kingsman : The Secret Service ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Hoskins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Hoskins', 'summary': "Robert William Hoskins ( 26 October 1942 - 29 April 2014 ) was an English actor . His work included lead roles in Pennies from Heaven ( 1978 ) , The Long Good Friday ( 1980 ) , Mona Lisa ( 1986 ) , Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , Mermaids ( 1990 ) , and Super Mario Bros. ( 1993 ) , and supporting performances in Brazil ( 1985 ) , Hook ( 1991 ) , Nixon ( 1995 ) , Enemy at the Gates ( 2001 ) , Mrs. Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , A Christmas Carol ( 2009 ) , Made in Dagenham ( 2010 ) , and Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) . He also directed two feature films : The Raggedy Rawney ( 1988 ) and Rainbow ( 1996 ) . Hoskins received the best actor award at the Cannes Film Festival , the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama for his role in Mona Lisa . He was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the same role . In 2009 , Hoskins won an International Emmy Award for Best Actor for his appearance on the BBC One drama The Street . Hoskins retired from acting in 2012 due to Parkinson 's disease , and died from pneumonia on 29 April 2014 , at age 71 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Timothy Spall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timothy_Spall', 'summary': "Timothy Leonard Spall OBE ( born 27 February 1957 ) is an English character actor and occasional presenter . He became a household name in the UK after appearing as Barry Spencer Taylor in the 1983 ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen , Pet . Spall received critical acclaim for his performance in Secrets & Lies ( 1996 ) , for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role . Subsequently , he starred in many films , including Hamlet ( 1996 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Enchanted ( 2007 ) , The Damned United ( 2009 ) , The Kings Speech ( 2010 ) , Ginger and Rosa ( 2012 ) , Denial ( 2016 ) , and The Party ( 2017 ) . He also gained international acclaim for his role as Peter Pettigrew in the Harry Potter films . He has famously collaborated with director Mike Leigh , making six films together , including Home Sweet Home ( 1982 ) , Life is Sweet ( 1990 ) , Secrets & Lies ( 1996 ) , Topsy-Turvy ( 1999 ) , All or Nothing ( 2002 ) , and Mr. Turner ( 2014 ) . In 2019 he appeared as Lord Arthur Wallington in the acclaimed 6-part BBC Cold War drama Summer of Rockets . He starred in the television documentary Timothy Spall : .at Sea ( 2010-2012 ) and in 2014 won the Best Actor award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for portraying J. M. W. Turner in Mike Leigh 's biographical film Mr. Turner ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean-Louis Trintignant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Louis_Trintignant', 'summary': 'Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʒɑ̃ lwi tʁɛ̃tiɲɑ̃ ] ; born 11 December 1930 ) is a French actor . He won the Best Actor Award at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival as well as the Best Actor Award at the César Awards 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mads Mikkelsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mads_Mikkelsen', 'summary': "Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen , R ( Danish : [ mæs ˈmikl̩sn̩ ] ( listen ) ; born 22 November 1965 ) is a Danish actor . Originally a gymnast and dancer , he began acting in 1996 . He rose to fame in Denmark as Tonny the drug dealer in the first two films of the Pusher film trilogy , and in his role as the brash yet sensitive policeman , Allan Fischer , in Peter Thorsboe 's Danish television series Rejseholdet ( Unit One ) . Mikkelsen became more widely known for his role as Tristan in Jerry Bruckheimer 's production King Arthur , but achieved worldwide recognition for playing the main antagonist Le Chiffre in the twenty-first James Bond film , Casino Royale . He has since become known for his roles as Igor Stravinsky in Jan Kounen 's French film Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky and his Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award-winning role as Lucas in the 2012 Danish film The Hunt . In 2012 , he was voted the Danish American Society 's Person of the Year . He starred in the television series Hannibal as Dr. Hannibal Lecter . In 2016 , Mikkelsen portrayed Kaecilius in Marvel 's film Doctor Strange and Galen Erso in Lucasfilm 's Rogue One : A Star Wars Story . In 2018 , he starred in Joe Penna 's survival drama Arctic . In 2019 , he portrayed Cliff Unger in Hideo Kojima 's video game Death Stranding . A. O. Scott of The New York Times remarked that in the Hollywood scene , Mikkelsen has become a reliable character actor with an intriguing mug but stated that on the domestic front he is something else : a star , an axiom , a face of the resurgent Danish cinema ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michel Piccoli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Piccoli', 'summary': "Jacques Daniel Michel Piccoli ( born 27 December 1925 ) is a French actor , producer and film director . He has one of the longest careers in French cinema , and is regarded worldwide as a symbol of France 's film history , more specifically of the 1960s and 70s ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stellan Skarsgård', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stellan_Skarsgård', 'summary': "Stellan John Skarsgård ( /ˈstɛlən ˈskɑːrsɡɑːrd/ ; [ a ] born 13 June 1951 ) is a Swedish actor . He is known for his roles as Jan Nyman in Breaking the Waves ( 1996 ) , Captain Tupolev in The Hunt for Red October ( 1990 ) , Professor Gerald Lambeau in Good Will Hunting ( 1997 ) , Bootstrap Bill Turner in Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest ( 2006 ) and Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End ( 2007 ) , Bill Anderson in Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) and the sequel Mamma Mia ! Here We Go Again ( 2018 ) , Commander Maximilian Richter in Angels and Demons ( 2009 ) , Martin Vanger in The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) , Dr. Erik Selvig in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor ( 2011 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) , and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , The Grand Duke in Cinderella ( 2015 ) , and Boris Shcherbina in the HBO/Sky UK television miniseries Chernobyl ( 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Javier Cámara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Javier_Cámara', 'summary': "Javier Cámara Rodríguez ( born 19 January 1967 ) is a Spanish actor . He starred in the Pedro Almodóvar films Talk to Her ( 2002 ) , Bad Education ( 2004 ) and I 'm So Excited ( 2013 ) , and the television series 7 Vidas ( Seven Lives ) . He played Cardinal Bernardo Gutierrez in the HBO series The Young Pope as well as Guillermo Pallomari , the chief accountant of the Cali Cartel , in season 3 of the Netflix series Narcos ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Courtenay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Courtenay', 'summary': 'Sir Thomas Daniel Courtenay ( /ˈkɔːrtni/ ; born 25 February 1937 ) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films , including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner ( 1962 ) , Billy Liar ( 1963 ) , King Rat ( 1965 ) , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . Since the mid-1960s , he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre , although he received Academy Award nominations for Doctor Zhivago and the film adaptation of The Dresser ( 1983 ) , which he had performed in the West End and on Broadway . He was created a Knight Bachelor in February 2001 for his services to cinema and theatre .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colin Farrell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colin_Farrell', 'summary': "Colin James Farrell ( /ˈfærəl/ ; born 31 May 1976 ) is an Irish actor . Farrell appeared in the BBC drama Ballykissangel in 1998 , made his film debut in the Tim Roth-directed drama The War Zone in 1999 , and was discovered by Hollywood when Joel Schumacher cast him as the lead in the war drama Tigerland in 2000 . He then starred in Schumacher 's psychological thriller Phone Booth ( 2003 ) where he plays a hostage in a New York city phone booth , and the American thrillers S.W.A.T . ( 2003 ) and The Recruit ( 2003 ) , establishing his international box-office appeal . During that time , he also appeared in Steven Spielberg 's science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) and as the villain Bullseye in the superhero film Daredevil ( 2003 ) . After starring in the independent films Intermission ( 2003 ) and A Home at the End of the World ( 2004 ) , Farrell headed Oliver Stone 's biopic Alexander ( 2004 ) and Terrence Malick 's The New World ( 2005 ) . Roles in Michael Mann 's Miami Vice ( 2006 ) , the adaptation of John Fante 's Ask the Dust ( 2006 ) , and Woody Allen 's Cassandra 's Dream ( 2007 ) followed , underscoring Farrell 's popularity among Hollywood writers and directors ; however , it was his role in Martin McDonagh 's In Bruges ( 2008 ) that earned him a Hollywood Foreign Press Association Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . Farrell starred in the black comedy film Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , for which he received critical praise , along with the comedy-horror film Fright Night ( 2011 ) and the sci-fi action film Total Recall ( 2012 ) , both remakes , and McDonagh 's second feature , the black comedy crime film Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) . He also starred in the Niels Arden Oplev action film Dead Man Down ( 2013 ) , and as Travers Goff in the period drama Saving Mr. Banks ( 2013 ) . In 2014 , Farrell starred as Peter Lake in the supernatural fable Winter 's Tale , an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Mark Helprin . In 2015 , he starred as Detective Ray Velcoro in the second season of HBO 's True Detective , and also starred in the film The Lobster , for which he was nominated for his second Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . In 2016 , he played Percival Graves in the Harry Potter spin-off film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '/ Michael Fassbender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Fassbender', 'summary': "Michael Fassbender ( born 2 April 1977 ) is an Irish-German actor . His feature film debut was in the fantasy war epic 300 ( 2007 ) as a Spartan warrior ; his earlier roles included various stage productions , as well as starring roles on television such as in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) and the Sky One fantasy drama Hex ( 2004-05 ) . He first came to prominence for his role as IRA activist Bobby Sands in Hunger ( 2008 ) , for which he won a British Independent Film Award . Subsequent roles include in the independent film Fish Tank ( 2009 ) , as a Royal Marines lieutenant in Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) , as Edward Rochester in the 2011 film adaptation of Jane Eyre , as Carl Jung in A Dangerous Method ( 2011 ) , as the sentient android David 8 in Prometheus ( 2012 ) and its sequel , Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) , and in the musical comedy-drama Frank ( 2014 ) as an eccentric musician loosely inspired by Frank Sidebottom . In 2011 , Fassbender debuted as the Marvel Comics supervillain Magneto in X-Men : First Class , and went on to share the role with Ian McKellen in X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , before reprising it again in X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) and Dark Phoenix ( 2019 ) . Also in 2011 , Fassbender 's performance as a sex addict in Shame earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival and was nominated for Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards . In 2013 , his role as slave owner Edwin Epps in the slavery epic 12 Years a Slave was similarly praised , earning him his first Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor . In 2013 , Fassbender appeared in another Ridley Scott film , The Counselor . In 2015 , he portrayed the title role in the Danny Boyle-directed biopic Steve Jobs ( 2015 ) , and played Macbeth in Justin Kurzel 's adaptation of William Shakespeare 's play . For the former , he received Academy Award , BAFTA , Golden Globe and SAG nominations . In 2015 , he produced the western Slow West , in which he also starred ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruno Ganz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruno_Ganz', 'summary': "Bruno Ganz ( German : [ ˈbruːno ˈɡant͡s ] ( listen ) ; 22 March 1941 - 16 February 2019 ) [ note 1 ] was a Swiss actor whose career in German television and film productions spanned nearly 60 years . He was known for his collaborations with the directors Werner Herzog , Éric Rohmer , Francis Ford Coppola , and Wim Wenders , earning widespread recognition with his roles as Jonathan Zimmerman in The American Friend ( 1977 ) , Jonathan Harker in Nosferatu the Vampyre ( 1979 ) and Damiel the Angel in Wings of Desire ( 1987 ) . Ganz received renewed international acclaim for his portrayal of Adolf Hitler in the Oscar-nominated film Downfall ( 2004 ) . He also had roles in several English-language films , including The Boys from Brazil ( 1978 ) , Strapless ( 1989 ) , The Manchurian Candidate ( 2004 ) . The Reader ( 2008 ) , Unknown ( 2011 ) and Remember ( 2015 ) . On stage , Ganz portrayed Dr. Heinrich Faust in Peter Stein 's staging of Faust , Part One and Faust , Part Two in 2000 . From 1996 until his death in 2019 , Ganz held the Republic of Austria 's Iffland-Ring , which passes from actor to actor - each bequeathing the ring to the next holder , judging that actor to be the most significant and most worthy actor of the German-speaking theatre . Ganz was also honored with the Order of Merit of Germany and was made a knight of the French Légion d'honneur ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James McAvoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_McAvoy', 'summary': "James McAvoy ( /ˈmækəvɔɪ/ ; born 21 April 1979 ) is a Scottish actor . He made his acting debut as a teen in The Near Room ( 1995 ) and made mostly television appearances until 2003 , when his feature film career began . His notable television work includes the thriller State of Play and the science fiction mini-series Frank Herbert 's Children of Dune . He has performed in several West End productions and received three nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor , and has also done voice work for animated films including Gnomeo & Juliet , its sequel , Sherlock Gnomes , and Arthur Christmas . In 2003 , McAvoy appeared in a lead role in Bollywood Queen , then another lead role as Rory in Inside I 'm Dancing in 2004.This was followed by a supporting role , as the faun Mr. Tumnus , in The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) . His performance in Kevin Macdonald 's drama The Last King of Scotland ( 2006 ) garnered him several award nominations , including the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor . The critically acclaimed romantic drama war film Atonement ( 2007 ) earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination and his second BAFTA nomination . He later appeared as a newly trained assassin in the action thriller Wanted ( 2008 ) . In 2011 , McAvoy played Professor Charles Xavier in the superhero film X-Men : First Class , a role he reprised in X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) , Deadpool 2 ( 2018 ) and Dark Phoenix ( 2019 ) . McAvoy starred in the crime comedy-drama film Filth ( 2013 ) , for which he won Best Actor in the British Independent Film Awards . In 2016 , he portrayed Kevin Crumb , a man with 23 alternate personalities , in M. Night Shyamalan 's Split , for which he received critical acclaim , and later reprised the role for the sequel Glass ( 2019 ) . Since 2019 , he has played Lord Asriel Belacqua in the BBC/HBO fantasy series His Dark Materials ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rupert Everett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rupert_Everett', 'summary': "Rupert James Hector Everett ( /ˈɛvərɪt/ ; born 29 May 1959 ) is an English actor , writer and singer . He first came to public attention in 1981 , when he was cast in Julian Mitchell 's play and subsequent film Another Country ( 1984 ) as a gay pupil at an English public school in the 1930s ; the role earned him his first BAFTA Award nomination . He went on to receive a second BAFTA Award nomination and his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his role in My Best Friend 's Wedding ( 1997 ) , followed by a second Golden Globe nomination for An Ideal Husband ( 1999 ) . Everett has performed in many other prominent films , including The Madness of King George ( 1994 ) , Shakespeare in Love ( 1998 ) , Inspector Gadget ( 1999 ) , The Next Best Thing ( 2000 ) , The Importance of Being Earnest ( 2002 ) , Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Silk Stocking ( 2004 ) , Shrek 2 ( 2004 ) , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) , Stardust ( 2007 ) , Shrek the Third ( 2007 ) , Wild Target ( 2010 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean Dujardin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Dujardin', 'summary': "Jean Edmond Dujardin ( French pronunciation : [ ʒɑ̃ ɛdmɔ̃ dyʒaʁdɛ̃ ] ( listen ) ; born 19 June 1972 ) is a French actor , comedian , humorist and television director . He began his career as a stand-up comedian in Paris before guest starring in comedic television programmes and films . He first came to prominence with the cult TV series Un gars , une fille , in which he starred alongside his lover Alexandra Lamy , before gaining success in film with movies such as Brice de Nice , Michel Hazanavicius 's OSS 117 : Cairo , Nest of Spies and its sequel OSS 117 : Lost in Rio , as well as 99 Francs . Dujardin garnered international fame and widespread acclaim with his performance of George Valentin in the 2011 award-winning silent movie The Artist . The role won him numerous awards , including the Academy Award for Best Actor ( the first for a French actor ) , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role and the Cannes Film Festival Best Actor . He later appeared in Martin Scorsese 's 2013 black comedy The Wolf of Wall Street and George Clooney 's 2014 historical drama , The Monuments Men ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Winners and nominees -- Most wins by actor', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'European_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor_0', 'intro': 'The European Film Award for Best Actor is an award given out at the annual European Film Awards to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in a film industry. The awards are presented by the European Film Academy (EFA) and was first presented in 1988.'}
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What are the number of awards of the actor who began his career as a stand-up comedian in Paris ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_militias_in_the_Lebanese_Civil_War', 'title': 'List of militias in the Lebanese Civil War', 'header': ['Militia', 'Political Organization', 'Main faction', 'Community', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Lebanese Forces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Forces_(militia)', 'summary': 'The Lebanese Forces - LF ( Arabic : القوات اللبنانية | al-quwwat al-lubnāniyya ) or Forces Libanaises ( FL ) in French , was one of the main Christian factions of the Lebanese Civil War . Originally an umbrella organization for different Christian parties , the Lebanese Forces later became a separate organization . It was mainly staffed by Maronite Christians . The Lebanese Front was informally organized in January 1976 under the leadership of Pierre Gemayel and Camille Chamoun . It began as a simple coordination or joint command between the predominantly Christian Kataeb Party/Kataeb Regulatory Forces ( KRF ) , Tyous Team of Commandos ( TTC ) , Ahrar/Tigers Militia , Al-Tanzim , Marada Brigade and Lebanese Renewal Party/Guardians of the Cedars ( GoC ) parties and their respective military wings . The main reason behind the formation of the Lebanese Front was to strengthen the Christian side against the challenge presented by the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) , an umbrella alliance of leftist Muslim parties/militias backed by the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) and Rejectionist Front Palestinian guerrilla factions .'}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front ( as a whole ) ; Lebanese Forces Party led by Samir Geagea , emerged from LF structure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Forces_Party', 'summary': "The Lebanese Forces ( Arabic : القوات اللبنانية al-Quwwāt al-Libnānīyah ) is a Lebanese Christian based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War . It currently holds fifteen of the 64 Christian seats in Lebanon 's parliament and is therefore the second largest Christian party in parliament The Lebanese Forces were originally created in 1976 as an umbrella organization co-ordinating all the right-wing party militias of the Lebanese Front , mainly composed of the Kataeb Party . After the assassination of Bachir Gemayel , a few uprisings led to Geagea taking over and dissolving the Lebanese Front . Later developing into a separate organization from those parties in the early 1990s . The party was led by Samir Geagea , former commander-in-chief of the armed organization . The organization was created by the Gemayels , Camille Chamoun , and other party leaders during the Lebanese Civil War . It was initially a conglomerate of the various right-wing party militias , placed under the control of a council composed of various party representatives . The Kataeb Regulatory Forces provided the largest share of fighters and the Kataeb had the largest share on the council . Despite its original creation from party militias , the Lebanese Forces accepted new recruits without any specific party allegiance . The movement fought as the main Lebanese resistance within the Christian-dominated Lebanese Front . During the civil war , the Lebanese Forces fought different opponents at different times : the Palestinian Liberation Organization , the LNM , the LNRF , the Syrian Army , the Druze-dominated PSP in the Chouf , and the Lebanese Army loyal to General Aoun . In the mid-1980s , political friction within the Lebanese Front resulted in growing distance between the Kataeb militants and the rest of the Lebanese Forces ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Samir_Geagea', 'summary': "Samir Farid Geagea ( Arabic : سمير فريد جعجع Lebanese pron . : [ saˈmiːɾ faˈɾiːd ˈʒaʕʒaʕ ] , also spelled Samir Ja'ja ' ; born on 25 October 1952 in Ain al-Remaneh ) , from the town of Bsharri in northern Lebanon , is a Lebanese leader and politician . He is the executive chairman of the Lebanese Forces , a Christian political party in Lebanon . On 12 March 1985 , Samir Geagea , Elie Hobeika and Karim Pakradouni rebelled against Abou Nader 's command , ostensibly to take the Lebanese Forces back to its original path . The relationship between Geagea and Hobeika soon broke down , however , and Hobeika began secret negotiations with the Syrians . On 28 December 1985 , he signed the Tripartite Accord , against the wishes of Geagea and most of the other leading Christian figures . Claiming that the Tripartite Accord gave Syria unlimited power in Lebanon , Geagea mobilized factions inside the Lebanese Forces and on 15 January 1986 , attacked Hobeika 's headquarters in Karantina . Hobeika surrendered and fled , first to Paris and subsequently to Damascus , Syria . He then moved to Zahlé with tens of his fighters where he prepared for an attack against East Beirut . On 27 September 1986 , Hobeika 's forces tried to take over the Achrafieh neighborhood of Beirut but the Lebanese Forces of Geagea 's command held them back . This failed attempt by Hobeika was the last episode of internal struggles in East Beirut during Amine Gemayel 's mandate . As a result , the Lebanese Forces led by Geagea were the only major force on ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': 'Initially an umbrella organization for Maronite party militias ; became an independent power structure in the year 1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kataeb Regulatory Forces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kataeb_Regulatory_Forces', 'summary': "The Kataeb Regulatory Forces - KRF or RF ( Arabic : قوى الكتائب النظامية | Quwwāt al-Katāʾib an-Niẓāmiyyah ) , Forces Regulatoires du Kataeb ( FRK ) in French , were the military wing of the right-wing Lebanese Christian Kataeb Party , otherwise known as the 'Phalange ' , from 1961 to 1977 . The Kataeb militia , which fought in the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , was the predecessor of the Lebanese Forces ."}]}, {'value': 'Kataeb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kataeb', 'summary': "The Lebanese Phalanges Party ( Arabic : حزب الكتائب اللبنانية Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya ) , better known in English as the Phalange ( Arabic : الكتائب al-Katā'ib ) , is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon . Despite being officially secular , it is supported mainly by Maronite Catholics . The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975-90 ) . In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s , the party slowly re-emerged in the early 2000s . It is now part of the March 14 Alliance ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kataeb Security Sections', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kataeb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kataeb', 'summary': "The Lebanese Phalanges Party ( Arabic : حزب الكتائب اللبنانية Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya ) , better known in English as the Phalange ( Arabic : الكتائب al-Katā'ib ) , is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon . Despite being officially secular , it is supported mainly by Maronite Catholics . The party played a major role in the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975-90 ) . In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s , the party slowly re-emerged in the early 2000s . It is now part of the March 14 Alliance ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': "The Kataeb party 's police militia First commander was Bashir Gemayel", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bashir_Gemayel', 'summary': "Bachir Gemayel ( Arabic : بشير الجميّل Bashīr al-Jimayyel , also romanized al-Jumayyil and El Gemaiel , Arabic pronunciation : [ baˈʃiːr ʤɪ'ma.jjɪl ] ; 10 November 1947 - 14 September 1982 ) , also Bashir Gemayel , was a member of the right-wing Christian Kataeb Party , also known as the Phalange Party ( حزب الكتائب ) , and the son of its founder Pierre Gemayel . He became the supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces ( militia ) , uniting major Christian militias by force during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War under the campaign of Uniting the Christian Rifle and later founded the Lebanese Forces ( militia ) military organization . Gemayel 's Forces became the most powerful militia in Lebanon and is widely remembered for its resistance and battles against the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Syrian Army , most notably the Hundred Days ' War and the Battle of Zahleh . He was democratically elected president on 23 August 1982 by the majority of Christian and Muslim MPs while the country was torn by civil war and occupied by Israel , Syria and Palestinian factions . Gemayel started enacting policies to disarm Christian militias , ordered the Lebanese Army to enter West Beirut for the first time since the start of the war and forced Yasser Arafat and the PLO to leave Lebanon . On 14 September , before he could take office , he was assassinated , along with 26 others , when a bomb exploded in Beirut Phalange headquarters . While some have blamed Habib Tanious Shartouni , the US Federal Bureau of Investigation blamed the Syrian Social Nationalist Party ( SSNP ) . Gemayel remains the youngest elected president and one of the most charismatic and controversial figures in Lebanese history ."}]}, {'value': 'Tigers Militia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tigers_Militia', 'summary': 'The Tigers Militia ( Arabic : نمور الأحرار , transliterated : Numūr or Al-Noumour ) , also known as NLP Tigers ( Arabic : نمور الأحرار | Numur al-Ahrar ) or Tigers of the Liberals ( Arabic : نمور الليبراليين | Numur al-Liybiraliyyn ) and PNL Lionceaux in French , was the military wing of the National Liberal Party ( NLP ) during the Lebanese Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'National Liberal Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Lebanon)', 'summary': 'The National Liberal Party ( NLP , Arabic : حزب الوطنيين الأحرار , literally Ḥizb Al-Waṭaniyyīn Al-Aḥrār ) is a center-right [ citation needed ] political party in Lebanon , established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958 . It is now under the leadership of Dory Chamoun , his son .'}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zgharta Liberation Army ( informally Marada Brigades )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zgharta_Liberation_Army', 'summary': "The Zgharta Liberation Army - ZLA ( Arabic : جيش تحرير زغرتا | Jayish Tahrir Zaghrita ) , also known as Zghartawi Liberation Army or Armée de Liberation de Zgharta ( ALZ ) in French , was the paramilitary branch of the Lebanese Marada Movement during the Lebanese Civil War . The militia was formed in 1967 on President Suleiman Frangieh 's instructions as the Marada Brigade ( also translated as Mardaite Brigade , Arabic : Liwa ' al-Marada ) seven years before the war began . The force was initially commanded by Suleiman Franjieh 's son , Tony Frangieh . It operated mainly out of Tripoli and Zgharta , but it also fought in Beirut . The ZLA fought against various Palestinian and Lebanese Muslim militias as well as the Lebanese Forces in Bsharri and Ehden ."}]}, {'value': 'Marada Movement', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marada_Movement', 'summary': "The Marada Movement ( Arabic : تيار المردة Tayyār Al-Marada ) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia active during the Lebanese civil war named after the legendary Marada ( also called Mardaites ) warriors of the early Middle Ages that fought on the external edge of the Byzantine Empire . Originally designated the Marada Brigade ( لواء المردة Liwa al-Marada ) , the group initially emerged as the personal militia of Suleiman Frangieh , president of Lebanon at the outbreak of the war in 1975 . They were also initially known as the Zgharta Liberation Army - ZLA ( Arabic : Zgharta Jayish al-Tahrir ) or Armée de Liberation de Zgharta ( ALZ ) in French , after Frangieh 's hometown of Zgharta in northern Lebanon ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front ( until 1978 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': 'Operated around its power-base in northern Lebanon ; pro-Syrian after 1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guardians of the Cedars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars', 'summary': 'The Guardians of the Cedars ( GoC ) ( Arabic : حراس الأرز ; Ḥurrās al-Arz ; French : Gardiens du Cedre or Gardiens des Cèdres , GdC ) are a far-right ultranationalist Lebanese party and former Christian militia in Lebanon . It was formed by Étienne Saqr ( also known with the kunya or nom de guerre Abu Arz or Father of the Cedars ) and others along with the Lebanese Renewal Party in the early 1970s . It operated in the Lebanese Civil War under the slogan : Lebanon , at your service .'}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Renewal Party', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': 'Extremist group', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Organization In Arabic : At-tanzim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al-Tanzim', 'summary': "Al-Tanzim , Al-Tanzym or At-Tanzim ( Arabic : حركة المقاومة اللبنانية - التنظيم , lit . 'The Organization ' ) was the name of an ultranationalist secret military society and militia set up by right-wing Christian activists in Lebanon at the early 1970s , and which came to play an important role in the Lebanese Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'Cedars Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lebanese Front', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Front', 'summary': "The Lebanese Front ( Arabic : الجبهة اللبنانية | al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front Libanais in French , was a coalition of mainly Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian intellectuals during the Lebanese Civil War . It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) of Kamal Jumblatt and other Left-Wing allies . The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon , Camille Chamoun , and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel , the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon , the Kataeb Party , president Suleiman Frangieh , who had just finished his presidential years in office . It also included first class intellectuals , such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958 , and Fouad Frem al-Boustani , the president of the Lebanese University . The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis , who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders . For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member . As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon , and before the Lebanese Front was formed , many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias , most notably Camille Chamoun 's National Liberal Party , Pierre Gemayel 's influential longstanding Kataeb Party , and Suleiman Frangieh 's Marada Brigade . The number of men totalled around 18,000 , which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million . However , the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh 's pro-Syrian approach . In addition , in 1978 , Suleiman Frangieh 's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel , the son of Pierre Gemayel . The incident is known as the Ehden massacre . It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front ."}]}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': 'Secretive , was possibly linked to Lebanese Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Army', 'summary': "The Lebanese Armed Forces ( LAF ) ( Arabic : القوات المسلحة اللبنانية | Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya ) or Forces Armées Libanaises ( FAL ) in French , also known as the Lebanese Army ( Arabic : الجيش اللبناني or Armée libanaise in French ) , is the military of the Lebanese Republic . It consists of three branches , the army , the air force , and the navy . The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is Honor , Sacrifice , Loyalty ( Arabic : شرف · تضحية · وفاء - Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa ' ) . The Lebanese Armed Forces symbol consists of a Lebanon cedar tree surrounded by two laurel leaves , positioned above the symbols of the three branches : the ground forces represented by the two bayonets , the navy represented by an anchor , and the air force represented by two wings ."}]}, {'value': 'South Lebanon Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army', 'summary': "The South Lebanon Army or South Lebanese Army ( SLA ) ( Arabic : جيش لبنان الجنوبي , romanized : Jayš Lubnān al-Janūbiyy ) , also known as Lahad Army ( جيش لحد ) and De Facto Forces ( DFF ) , was a Lebanese Christian-dominated militia which was active during the Lebanese Civil War and its aftermath , until it was disbanded in the year 2000 . It was originally named the Free Lebanon Army , which split from the Army of Free Lebanon . After 1979 , the militia mainly operated in southern Lebanon under the authority of Saad Haddad 's Government of Free Lebanon . It was supported by Israel , and became its primary ally in Lebanon during the 1985-2000 South Lebanon conflict to fight against Hezbollah . The United Nations did not want to give them the status of a proper army so they were referred to by the UN as the De Facto Forces ."}]}, {'value': 'Government of Free Lebanon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_of_Free_Lebanon', 'summary': "The South Lebanon Army or South Lebanese Army ( SLA ) ( Arabic : جيش لبنان الجنوبي , romanized : Jayš Lubnān al-Janūbiyy ) , also known as Lahad Army ( جيش لحد ) and De Facto Forces ( DFF ) , was a Lebanese Christian-dominated militia which was active during the Lebanese Civil War and its aftermath , until it was disbanded in the year 2000 . It was originally named the Free Lebanon Army , which split from the Army of Free Lebanon . After 1979 , the militia mainly operated in southern Lebanon under the authority of Saad Haddad 's Government of Free Lebanon . It was supported by Israel , and became its primary ally in Lebanon during the 1985-2000 South Lebanon conflict to fight against Hezbollah . The United Nations did not want to give them the status of a proper army so they were referred to by the UN as the De Facto Forces ."}]}, {'value': 'Government of Free Lebanon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maronite -led , Muslim recruits', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Islam_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Islam in Lebanon ( Arabic : الإسلام في لبنان ) is followed by nearly 60% , including the Druze , of the country 's total population : Sunnis make up also 27.4% , with the Shafi ' i madhhab being the predominant Sunni group with pockets of Hanafi and Hanbali . Shias make up 26.8% , with Twelvers being the predominant Shia group , followed by Alawites and Ismailis . Several large Sufi orders are active in the country , including the Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya tariqas . Although not traditionally considered as Muslims , the Druze make up 5.6% of the total population , which under the Lebanese political division ( Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation ) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities ( Sunni , Shia , Druze , Alawi , and Ismaili ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Israeli proxy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lebanese Forces - Executive Command', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Forces_–_Executive_Command', 'summary': 'The Lebanese Forces - Executive Command or LFEC ( Arabic : القوات اللبنانية - القيادة التنفيذية | Al-Quwwat al-Lubnaniyya - Al-Qiyada Al-Tanfeethiyya ) , was a splinter group from the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika , based in the town of Zahlé in the Beqaa valley in the late 1980s . It was initially founded in January 1986 under the title Lebanese Forces - Uprising or LFU ( Arabic : القوات اللبنانية - الانتفاضة | Al-Quwwat al-Lubnaniyya - Intifada ) , but later changed its designation .'}]}, {'value': 'Promise Party ( Waad ) formed by Hobeika and loyalists', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Promise_Party', 'summary': 'The Promise Party , also known as the Waad Party ( Arabic : Hizb al-Waad ) is a Lebanese political party founded by former Lebanese Forces leader Elie Hobeika .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maronite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Maronite Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية المارونية في لبنان , Classical Syriac : ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon , which is the largest Christian denomination in the country . the Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the worldwide Catholic Church . The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 25% of the total population of Lebanon . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the president of the country must be a Maronite ."}]}, {'value': 'Notorious Lebanese Forces splinter group led by Hobeika ; pro-Syrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elie_Hobeika', 'summary': 'Elie Hobeika ( 22 September 1956 - 24 January 2002 ; Arabic : إيلي حبيقة ) was a commander in the Lebanese Forces militia during the Lebanese Civil War where he gained notoriety for his involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacre . He became president of the Lebanese Forces political party until he was ousted in 1986 . He then founded the Promise Party and was elected to serve two terms in the Parliament of Lebanon . In January 2002 , he was assassinated by a car bomb at his house in Beirut .'}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Arab Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Arab_Army', 'summary': 'The Lebanese Arab Army - LAA ( Arabic : جيش لبنان العربي transliteration Jayish Lubnan al-Arabi ) , also known as the Arab Army of Lebanon ( AAL ) , Arab Lebanese Army or Armée du Liban Arabe ( ALA ) in French , was a predominantly Muslim splinter faction of the Lebanese Army that came to play a key role in the 1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War .'}]}, {'value': "Lebanese National Movement 's ( self-proclaimed ) government", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}]}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Sunni ( by default )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Sunni Muslims ( Arabic : المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon , which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shia Muslims . Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium . According to a CIA study , Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 27% of Lebanon 's population . The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are concentrated in west Beirut , Tripoli , Sidon , Western Beqaa , and in the countryside of the Akkar . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together , and they are still the only sect eligible for the post of Prime Minister ."}]}, {'value': 'Broke away from Lebanese Army ; considered itself the legitimate Lebanese Army and at highpoint controlled 3/4 of Lebanese Army positions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arab Red Knights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arab_Red_Knights', 'summary': "The Arab Democratic Party - ADP ( Arabic : الحزب العربي الديمقراطي , romanized : Al-Hizb Al-'Arabi Al-Dimuqrati ) or Parti Démocratique Arabe ( PDA ) in French , is a Lebanese party , based in Tripoli . Its current leader is Rifaat Eid ."}]}, {'value': 'Arab Democratic Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arab_Democratic_Party_(Lebanon)', 'summary': "The Arab Democratic Party - ADP ( Arabic : الحزب العربي الديمقراطي , romanized : Al-Hizb Al-'Arabi Al-Dimuqrati ) or Parti Démocratique Arabe ( PDA ) in French , is a Lebanese party , based in Tripoli . Its current leader is Rifaat Eid ."}]}, {'value': 'LNRM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Alawite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alawites_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Shia Muslims ( Arabic : المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيين ) , historically known as Mutawila or Metoualis ( Arabic : متاولة ) , refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon , which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims . Shia Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium . According to the CIA World Factbook , Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 27% of Lebanon 's population in 2012 . Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley , Southern Lebanon and Beirut . The great majority of Shia Muslims in Lebanon are Twelvers , with an Alawite minority numbering in the tens of thousands in north Lebanon . Few Isma'ilis remain in Lebanon today , though the quasi-Muslim Druze sect , which split from Isma'ilism around a millennium ago , has hundreds of thousands of adherents . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament ."}]}, {'value': "Pro-Syrian ; Small but received very considerable support from Syria 's Alawite leader ; eventually controlled Tripoli harbour", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tripoli', 'summary': "Tripoli ( /ˈtrɪpəli/ ; Arabic : طرابلس , Ṭarābulus ) is the capital city and the largest city of Libya , with a population of about 2.358 million people in 2018 . It is located in the northwest of Libya on the edge of the desert , on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay . It includes the port of Tripoli and the country 's largest commercial and manufacturing centre . It is also the site of the University of Tripoli . The vast Bab al-Azizia barracks , which includes the former family estate of Muammar Gaddafi , is also located in the city . Colonel Gaddafi largely ruled the country from his residence in this barracks . Tripoli was founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians , who gave it the Libyco-Berber name Oyat ( Punic : 𐤅𐤉\u202c\u202c𐤏\u202c𐤕\u202c , Wyʿt ) before passing into the hands of the Greek rulers of Cyrenaica as Oea ( Greek : Ὀία , Oía ) . Due to the city 's long history , there are many sites of archaeological significance in Tripoli . Tripoli may also refer to the sha'biyah ( top-level administrative division in the current Libyan system ) , the Tripoli District . Tripoli is also known as Tripoli-of-the-West ( Arabic : طرابلس الغرب Ṭarābulus al-Gharb ) , to distinguish it from its Phoenician sister city Tripoli , Lebanon , known in Arabic as Ṭarābulus al-Sham ( طرابلس الشام ) , meaning 'Levantine Tripoli ' . It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean ( عروسة البحر ʿArūsat al-Baḥr ; lit : 'bride of the sea ' ) , describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings . Tripoli is a Greek name that means 'Three Cities ' , introduced in Western European languages through the Italian Tripoli ."}]}, {'value': "People 's Liberation Army", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/People’s_Liberation_Army_(Lebanon)', 'summary': "The People 's Liberation Army - PLA ( Arabic : جيش التحرير الشعبي | Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby ) or Armée de Libération Populaire ( ALP ) in French was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) , which fought in the Lebanese Civil War . The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) from 1975 to 1982 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Socialist Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party', 'summary': "The Progressive Socialist Party or PSP ( Arabic : الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي , al-hizb al-taqadummi al-ishtiraki , French : Parti socialiste progressiste ) is a political party in Lebanon . Its current leader is Walid Jumblatt , who has led the party since 1977 . It is ideologically secular and officially non-sectarian , however , support for the party mainly comes from Lebanon 's Druze community . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Druze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Druze_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Druze ( Arabic : دروز لبنان ) are Lebanese people who adhere of the Druze faith , an ethnoreligious esoteric group originating from the Near East who self identify as unitarians ( Muwahhideen ) . The Lebanese Druze people are believed to constitute about 5.2 percent of the total population of Lebanon and have around 1.5 million members worldwide . The Druze , who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen , or believers in one God , are concentrated in the rural , mountainous areas east and south of Beirut . Under the Lebanese political division ( Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation ) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities in Lebanon ( Sunni , Shia , Druze , Alawi , and Ismaili ) , even though the Druze are no longer considered Muslim . Lebanon 's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation 's ethno-religious groups . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , the Chief of the General Staff must be a Druze ."}]}, {'value': 'Power base in the Chouf mountains south of Beirut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chouf', 'summary': 'Chouf ( also spelled Shouf , Shuf or Chuf , in Arabic : جبل الشوف Jabal ash-Shouf ) is a historic region of Lebanon , as well as an administrative district in the governorate ( muhafazat ) of Mount Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Resistance Regiments ( abbreviated to Amal )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Resistance_Regiments', 'summary': "The Lebanese Resistance Regiments ( Arabic : أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية | ʾAfwāj al-Muqāwama al-Lubnāniyya , أَمَل ʾAMAL ) , also designated Lebanese Resistance Battalions , Lebanese Resistance Detachments , Lebanese Resistance Legions and Battalions de la Resistance Libanaise ( BRL ) or Légions de la Resistance Libanaise ( LRL ) in French , but simply known by its Arabic acronym أَمَل ʾAmal which means Hope , were the military wing of the Movement of the Dispossessed or Movement of the Deprived , a political organization representing the Muslim Shia community of Lebanon . The movement 's political wing was officially founded in February 1973 from a previous organization bearing the same name and its military wing was formed in January 1975 . The Amal militia was a major player in the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1991 . The militia has now been disarmed , though the movement itself , now known as the Amal Movement ( Arabic : Harakat Amal ) , is a notable Shia political party in Lebanon ."}]}, {'value': 'Amal Movement', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amal_Movement', 'summary': "The Amal Movement ( or Hope Movement in English , Arabic : حركة أمل Ḥarakat Amal ) is a Lebanese political party associated with Lebanon 's Shia community . It was co-founded by Musa al-Sadr and Hussein el Husseini as the Movement of the Dispossessed in 1974 . The Amal movement gained attention from Shia outcry after the disappearance of Musa al-Sadr and saw a renewal in popularity after Israel 's invasion of Lebanon in 1978 . The Iranian Revolution of 1978-79 also provided momentum for the party . The Amal Movement is , by a small margin , the largest Shia party in parliament , having sixteen representatives to Hezbollah 's thirteen . Amal has an alliance with the Progressive Socialist Party , and with Hezbollah . The movement 's current name was originally used by the Movement of the Dispossessed militia , the Lebanese Resistance Regiments ( Arabic : أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية ) . This name , when abbreviated , created the acronym Amal , which is Arabic for hope ."}]}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': "Shi ' a", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon", 'summary': "Lebanese Shia Muslims ( Arabic : المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيين ) , historically known as Mutawila or Metoualis ( Arabic : متاولة ) , refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon , which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims . Shia Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium . According to the CIA World Factbook , Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 27% of Lebanon 's population in 2012 . Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley , Southern Lebanon and Beirut . The great majority of Shia Muslims in Lebanon are Twelvers , with an Alawite minority numbering in the tens of thousands in north Lebanon . Few Isma'ilis remain in Lebanon today , though the quasi-Muslim Druze sect , which split from Isma'ilism around a millennium ago , has hundreds of thousands of adherents . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament ."}]}, {'value': 'Militia created with Fatah support', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fatah', 'summary': "Fatah ( Arabic : فتح Fatḥ ) , formerly the Palestinian National Liberation Movement , is a Palestinian nationalist social democratic political party and the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council ( PLC ) . The President of the Palestinian Authority is a member of Fatah . Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in revolutionary struggle in the past and has maintained a number of militant groups . Fatah had been closely identified with the leadership of its founder and Chairman Yasser Arafat , until his death in 2004 , when Farouk Kaddoumi constitutionally succeeded him to the position of Fatah Chairman , and continued in the position until 2009 , when Mahmoud Abbas was elected Chairman . Since Arafat 's death , factionalism within the ideologically diverse movement has become more apparent . In the 2006 election for the PLC , the party lost its majority in the PLC to Hamas . However , the Hamas legislative victory led to a conflict between Fatah and Hamas , with Fatah retaining control of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank through its President . Fatah is also active in the control of Palestinian refugee camps ."}]}, {'value': 'Islamic Resistance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hezbollah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hezbollah', 'summary': "Hezbollah ( /ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː/ ; Arabic : حزب الله Ḥizbu 'llāh , literally Party of Allah or Party of God ) - also transliterated Hizbullah , Hizballah , etc . - is a Shia Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon . Hezbollah 's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council , and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament . Since the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992 , the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah , its Secretary-General . The group , along with its military wing is considered a terrorist organization by the United States , Israel , Canada , the Arab League , the Gulf Cooperation Council , Argentina , Paraguay , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Australia , Venezuela ( Guaidó government ) Honduras and Colombia . Germany and the European Union outlawed only Hezbollah 's military wing , and work with Hezbollah 's political wing and allow it to raise funds in Europe . Hezbollah was founded in the early 1980s as part of an Iranian effort to aggregate a variety of militant Lebanese Shia groups into a unified organization . Hezbollah acts as a proxy for Iran in the ongoing Iran-Israel proxy conflict . Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass Israel . Its leaders were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government , which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time . Hezbollah 's 1985 manifesto listed its objectives as the expulsion of the Americans , the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon , putting an end to any colonialist entity on our land , submission of the Christian Phalangists to just power and bringing them to justice for the crimes they have perpetrated against Muslims and Christians , and permitting all the sons of our people to choose the form of government they want , while calling on them to pick the option of Islamic government . Hezbollah waged a guerilla campaign in South Lebanon and , as a result , Israel withdrew from Lebanon on 24 May 2000 and the SLA collapsed and surrendered ."}]}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': "Shi ' a", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon", 'summary': "Lebanese Shia Muslims ( Arabic : المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيين ) , historically known as Mutawila or Metoualis ( Arabic : متاولة ) , refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon , which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims . Shia Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium . According to the CIA World Factbook , Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 27% of Lebanon 's population in 2012 . Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley , Southern Lebanon and Beirut . The great majority of Shia Muslims in Lebanon are Twelvers , with an Alawite minority numbering in the tens of thousands in north Lebanon . Few Isma'ilis remain in Lebanon today , though the quasi-Muslim Druze sect , which split from Isma'ilism around a millennium ago , has hundreds of thousands of adherents . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament ."}]}, {'value': 'Evolved from Amal in early 80s , initially as Iranian proxy', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Palestinian Liberation Organization 's affiliated militias ( e.g . Fatah militia , PFLP-GC militia )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fatah', 'summary': "Fatah ( Arabic : فتح Fatḥ ) , formerly the Palestinian National Liberation Movement , is a Palestinian nationalist social democratic political party and the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council ( PLC ) . The President of the Palestinian Authority is a member of Fatah . Fatah is generally considered to have had a strong involvement in revolutionary struggle in the past and has maintained a number of militant groups . Fatah had been closely identified with the leadership of its founder and Chairman Yasser Arafat , until his death in 2004 , when Farouk Kaddoumi constitutionally succeeded him to the position of Fatah Chairman , and continued in the position until 2009 , when Mahmoud Abbas was elected Chairman . Since Arafat 's death , factionalism within the ideologically diverse movement has become more apparent . In the 2006 election for the PLC , the party lost its majority in the PLC to Hamas . However , the Hamas legislative victory led to a conflict between Fatah and Hamas , with Fatah retaining control of the Palestinian National Authority in the West Bank through its President . Fatah is also active in the control of Palestinian refugee camps ."}, {'url': '/wiki/PFLP-GC', 'summary': "The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command ( Arabic : الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة العامة ) or PFLP-GC is a Palestinian nationalist militant organisation based in Syria . It was founded in 1968 by Ahmed Jibril after splitting from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP ) based on claims that it was producing impotent intellectuals , and not making any meaningful progress in terms of armed struggle to liberate Palestine . In the 1970s and 1980s it was involved in the Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon and launched a number of attacks against Israeli soldiers and civilians ; including the Avivim school bus massacre ( 1970 ) , the bombing of Swissair Flight 330 ( 1970 ) , the Kiryat Shmona massacre ( 1974 ) and the Night of the Gliders ( 1987 ) . Since the late 1980s PFLP-GC had been largely inactive , but re-emerged during the Syrian Civil War fighting on the side of the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic . The group has a paramilitary wing called the Jihad Jibril Brigades ."}]}, {'value': 'Palestinian Liberation Organization', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization', 'summary': "The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ; Arabic : منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية , Munaẓẓamat at-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīniyyah ( help·info ) ) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the liberation of Palestine through armed struggle , with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians . It is recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations , and has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974 . The PLO was considered by the United States and Israel to be a terrorist organization until the Madrid Conference in 1991 . In 1993 , the PLO recognized Israel 's right to exist in peace , accepted UN Security Council resolutions 242 and 338 , and rejected violence and terrorism . In response , Israel officially recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people . However , the PLO has employed violence in the years since 1993 , particularly during the 2000-2005 Second Intifada . On 29 October 2018 , the Palestinian Central Council suspended the recognition of Israel and halted security and economic coordination in all its forms with it ."}]}, {'value': 'Palestinian ( at times fought alongside LNM / LNRF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Palestinian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Different PLO militias often fought as proxies of different Arab states , including Syria , Iraq , & Libya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palestinian Liberation Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Army', 'summary': 'The Palestine Liberation Army ( PLA , Arabic : جيش التحرير الفلسطيني , Jaysh al-Tahrir al-Filastini ) is ostensibly the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) , set up at the 1964 Arab League summit held in Alexandria , Egypt , with the mission of fighting Israel . However , it has never been under effective PLO control , but rather it has been controlled by its various host governments , usually Syria .'}]}, {'value': 'purely nominally , under the Palestinian Liberation Organization', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Organization', 'summary': "The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ; Arabic : منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية , Munaẓẓamat at-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīniyyah ( help·info ) ) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the liberation of Palestine through armed struggle , with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians . It is recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations , and has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974 . The PLO was considered by the United States and Israel to be a terrorist organization until the Madrid Conference in 1991 . In 1993 , the PLO recognized Israel 's right to exist in peace , accepted UN Security Council resolutions 242 and 338 , and rejected violence and terrorism . In response , Israel officially recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people . However , the PLO has employed violence in the years since 1993 , particularly during the 2000-2005 Second Intifada . On 29 October 2018 , the Palestinian Central Council suspended the recognition of Israel and halted security and economic coordination in all its forms with it ."}]}, {'value': 'As Syria required', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palestinian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Under Syrian command', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Popular Guard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Popular_Guard', 'summary': "The Popular Guard - PG or Popular Guards ( Arabic : الحرس الشعبي | Al-Harass al-Sha'abiy ) , Garde Populaire ( GP ) in French was the military wing of the Lebanese Communist Party ( LCP ) , which fought in the 1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and subsequent conflicts . The LCP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) and its successor , the Lebanese National Resistance Front ( LNRF ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Lebanese Communist Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_Communist_Party', 'summary': "The Lebanese Communist Party - LCP ( Arabic : الـحـزب الشـيـوعـي اللبـنـانـي , transliterated : al-Ḥizb aš-Šuyūʿī al-Lubnānī ) or Parti communiste libanais ( PCL ) in French , is a communist party in Lebanon . It was founded in 1924 by the Lebanese intellectual , writer and reporter Youssef Ibrahim Yazbek and Fou'ad al-Shmeli , a tobacco worker from Bikfaya ."}]}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Secular', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Secular , but most members nominally from Orthodox & Armenian communities', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orthodox_Christianity_in_Lebanon', 'summary': 'Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians ( Arabic : المسيحية الأرثوذكسية الرومية في لبنان ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch in Lebanon , which is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , and is the second largest Christian denomination in Lebanon after the Maronite Christians . Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians are believed to constitute about 8% of the total population of Lebanon . Most of the Greek Orthodox Christians live either in the capital city of Beirut , the Metn hinterland , the Hasbayya and Rashayya districts in the southeast , and the North Governorate , in the Koura region ( south of Tripoli ) and Akkar . Under the consensus of the unwritten agreement known as the National Pact among the different political leaders of Lebanon , the Deputy Speaker of Parliament and the Deputy Prime Minister in Lebanon are assumed to be Greek Orthodox Christians .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon', 'summary': 'The Armenians in Lebanon ( Armenian : Լիբանանահայեր lipananahayer , Arabic : اللبنانيون الأرمن ) ( French : Libano-Arméniens ) are Lebanese citizens of Armenian descent . There has been an Armenian presence in Lebanon for centuries . According to Minority Rights Group International , there are 156,000 Armenians in Lebanon , around 4% of the population . Prior to the Lebanese Civil War , the number was higher , but the community lost a portion of its population to emigration . Prior to 1975 , Beirut was a thriving center of Armenian culture with varied media production , which was exported to the Armenian diaspora .'}]}, {'value': 'SSNP militia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Syrian Social Nationalist Party ( SSNP )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party', 'summary': "The Syrian Social Nationalist Party ( SSNP ) ( Arabic : الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي , transliterated : Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā ' ī , often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien ) , is a nationalist political party operating in Lebanon , Syria , Jordan , Iraq and Palestine . It advocates the establishment of a Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent , including present day Syria , Lebanon , Iraq , Kuwait , Jordan , Palestine , Israel , Cyprus , Sinai , southeastern Turkey ( Alexandrette and Cilicia ) , based on geographical boundaries and the common history people within the boundaries share . With over 100,000 members as of 2016 , it is the second largest legal political group in Syria after the ruling Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party , In Lebanon , it has been a major secular and highly organised elite party in the political history of the country for over 80 years . Until recent times it was a key group in the March 8 Alliance . Founded in Beirut in 1932 as an anticolonial and national liberation organization modeled on European fascist movements in order to oppose French colonialism , the party played a significant role in Lebanese politics and was involved in attempted coups d'etat in 1949 and 1961 following which it was thoroughly repressed . It was active in resistance against the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and the subsequent occupation of southern Lebanon until 2000 while continuously supporting the Syrian presence in Lebanon out of both belief in Syrian irredentism but also due to the decades-long repression it endured at the hands of the Baath Party in Syria . In Syria , the SSNP had become a major Right-wing political force in the early 1950s , but was thoroughly repressed in 1955-56 . It remained organized , and by the late 1990s had joined the Left and allied itself with the PLO and the Lebanese Communist Party , despite the ideological rivalry that persists among them . In 2005 , it was legalized in Syria and joined the Ba'ath Party-led National Progressive Front . From 2012 to 6 May 2014 , the party was part of the Popular Front for Change and Liberation . During the course of the Syrian Civil War the party has seen its relevance increasing in Syria , where almost 12,000 fighters of the Party 's armed branch , the Eagles of the Whirlwind , fight alongside the Syrian Armed Forces against the Syrian opposition and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ."}]}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Secular', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Advocated union with Syria ; 1976 split into pro- and anti- Assad factions members linked to assassinations of Jumblatt and Gemayel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hafez_Al-Assad', 'summary': "Hafez al-Assad ( Arabic : حافظ الأسد Ḥāfiẓ al-ʾAsad , Levantine Arabic : [ ˈħaːfezˤ elˈʔasad ] , Modern Standard Arabic : [ ħaːfɪðˤ al'ʔasad ] ; 6 October 1930 - 10 June 2000 ) was a Syrian politician who served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000 . He was also Prime Minister from 1970 to 1971 , as well as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and Secretary General of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000 . Assad participated in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power , and the new leadership appointed him Commander of the Syrian Air Force . In 1966 , Assad participated in a second coup , which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party and brought a radical military faction headed by Salah Jadid to power . Assad was appointed defense minister by the new government . Four years later , Assad initiated a third coup which ousted Jadid , and appointed himself as the undisputed leader of Syria . Assad de-radicalised the Ba'ath government when he took power by giving more space to private property and by strengthening the country 's foreign relations with countries which his predecessor had deemed reactionary . He sided with the Soviet Union during the Cold War in turn for support against Israel , and , while he had forsaken the pan-Arab concept of unifying the Arab world into one Arab nation , he sought to make Syria the defender of Arab interests against Israel . When he came to power , Assad organised state services along sectarian lines ( the Sunnis became the heads of political institutions , while the Alawites took control of the military , intelligence , and security apparatuses ) . The formerly collegial powers of Ba'athist decision-making were curtailed , and were transferred to the Syrian presidency . The Syrian government ceased to be a one-party system in the normal sense of the word , and was turned into a one-party state with a strong presidency . To maintain this system , a cult of personality centered on Assad and his family was created by the president and Ba'ath party ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt', 'summary': 'Kamal Fouad Jumblatt ( Arabic : كمال فؤاد جنبلاط ) ( December 6 , 1917 - March 16 , 1977 ) was a prominent Lebanese politician , philosopher , author , and poet . He is the founder of the Progressive Socialist Party . He was also the leader of the Lebanese National Movement who opposed the right wing and the Assad government in the Lebanese Civil War and a major ally of the Palestine Liberation Organization until his assassination in 1977 . He is the father of the Lebanese Druze leader Walid Jumblatt .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bashir_Gemayel', 'summary': "Bachir Gemayel ( Arabic : بشير الجميّل Bashīr al-Jimayyel , also romanized al-Jumayyil and El Gemaiel , Arabic pronunciation : [ baˈʃiːr ʤɪ'ma.jjɪl ] ; 10 November 1947 - 14 September 1982 ) , also Bashir Gemayel , was a member of the right-wing Christian Kataeb Party , also known as the Phalange Party ( حزب الكتائب ) , and the son of its founder Pierre Gemayel . He became the supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces ( militia ) , uniting major Christian militias by force during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War under the campaign of Uniting the Christian Rifle and later founded the Lebanese Forces ( militia ) military organization . Gemayel 's Forces became the most powerful militia in Lebanon and is widely remembered for its resistance and battles against the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Syrian Army , most notably the Hundred Days ' War and the Battle of Zahleh . He was democratically elected president on 23 August 1982 by the majority of Christian and Muslim MPs while the country was torn by civil war and occupied by Israel , Syria and Palestinian factions . Gemayel started enacting policies to disarm Christian militias , ordered the Lebanese Army to enter West Beirut for the first time since the start of the war and forced Yasser Arafat and the PLO to leave Lebanon . On 14 September , before he could take office , he was assassinated , along with 26 others , when a bomb exploded in Beirut Phalange headquarters . While some have blamed Habib Tanious Shartouni , the US Federal Bureau of Investigation blamed the Syrian Social Nationalist Party ( SSNP ) . Gemayel remains the youngest elected president and one of the most charismatic and controversial figures in Lebanese history ."}]}, {'value': 'Al-Mourabitoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun', 'summary': 'The Independent Nasserite Movement - INM ( Arabic : حركة الناصريين المستقلين-المرابطون , romanized : Harakat al-Nasiriyin al-Mustaqillin ) or simply Al-Murabitoun ( المرابطون lit . The Steadfast ) , also termed variously Mouvement des Nasséristes Indépendants ( MNI ) in French , Independent Nasserite Organization ( INO ) , or Movement of Independent Nasserists ( MIN ) , is a Nasserist political party in Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Independent Nasserite Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LNM / LNRF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement', 'summary': "The Lebanese National Movement ( LNM ) ( Arabic : الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية , Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Mouvement National Libanais ( MNL ) in French , was a front of leftist , pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War , which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) . It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt , a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party ( PSP ) . The Vice-President was Inaam Raad , leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party . The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim , leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon ( OCAL ) . The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of the mainly Christian Lebanese Front , which comprised the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others ; as well as parts of the Maronite-dominated central government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front', 'summary': 'The Lebanese National Resistance Front - LNRF ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية , romanized : Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya ) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise ( FNRL ) in French , but best known by its Arabic acronym , Jammoul ( جمول ) , was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s . It acted as a successor to the Lebanese National Movement , which ceased to exist after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon . They became a vital ally to Hezbollah during its war with Israel in Southern Lebanon .'}]}, {'value': 'Sunni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Sunni Muslims ( Arabic : المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon , which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shia Muslims . Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium . According to a CIA study , Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 27% of Lebanon 's population . The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are concentrated in west Beirut , Tripoli , Sidon , Western Beqaa , and in the countryside of the Akkar . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together , and they are still the only sect eligible for the post of Prime Minister ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tawheed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Islamic Unification Movement', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Islamic_Unification_Movement', 'summary': "The Islamic Unification Movement - IUM ( Arabic : حركة التوحيد الإسلامي | Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami ) , also named Islamic Unity Movement or Mouvement d'unification islamique ( MUI ) in French , but best known as Al-Tawhid , At-Tawhid , or Tawheed , is a Lebanese Sunni Muslim political party . It plays an active role in Lebanese internal politics since the Lebanese Civil War in the 1980s ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon', 'summary': "Lebanese Sunni Muslims ( Arabic : المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين ) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon , which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shia Muslims . Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium . According to a CIA study , Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 27% of Lebanon 's population . The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are concentrated in west Beirut , Tripoli , Sidon , Western Beqaa , and in the countryside of the Akkar . Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon , Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together , and they are still the only sect eligible for the post of Prime Minister ."}]}, {'value': 'Islamist movement , mainly fought the Syrian army and its allies in Tripoli', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': "vteLebanese Civil WarFirst phase 1975–1977 Bus massacre Hotels Black Saturday Karantina Damour 1976 Syrian intervention Tel al-Zaatar Second phase 1977–1982 Hundred Days ' War Litani Ehden At Tiri Safra Zahleh 1981 Israeli bombing Iraqi Embassy bombing Third phase 1982–1984 1982 Beirut bombing 1982 Lebanon War 1982 Iranian diplomats kidnapping Sabra and Shatila U.S. Embassy bombing Barracks bombings Mountain War February 6 Intifada Fourth phase 1984–1990 U.S. embassy annex bombing War of the Camps 1985 Beirut bombings LF coup War of Brothers War of Liberation Assassination of René Moawad Sidon The Maronite-led `` legal '' Lebanese Army favoured the Lebanese Front government The Muslim `` Lebanese Arab Army '' fought for the rival Lebanese National Movement government In addition , there was an autonomous faction within the `` legal '' Lebanese Army called the Army of Free Lebanon . It formed in 1976 and was composed of Maronites and Greek-Catholics reacting against the split with the mainly Muslim Lebanese Arab Army . It continued to be paid by the government , and was fully re-integrated into the `` legal '' army in 1978 , with the exception of some units which chose instead to form the South Lebanon Army listed below .", 'uid': 'List_of_militias_in_the_Lebanese_civil_war_0', 'intro': 'The list of militias in the Lebanese civil war does not include the legal Lebanese Army; note that the Army split into two major parts:'}
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What was the militia referred to as by the UN that was associated with political organization Government Free Lebanon ?
De Facto Forces
fea399c7f0a734df
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Idol', 'title': 'Indian Idol', 'header': ['Name', 'Hometown', 'Elimination'], 'data': [{'value': 'Prashant Tamang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prashant_Tamang', 'summary': 'Prashant Tamang is an Indian singer and film actor based in Kathmandu . He was the winner of Indian Idol Season 3 in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Darjeeling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darjeeling', 'summary': "Darjeeling ( Bengali : [ dardʒiliŋ ] , Nepali : [ dardziːliŋ ] ) is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal . It is located in the Lesser Himalayas at an elevation of 6,700 ft ( 2,042.2 m ) . It is noted for its tea industry , its views of Kangchenjunga , the world 's third-highest mountain , and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Darjeeling is the headquarters of the Darjeeling district which has a partially autonomous status called Gorkhaland Territorial Administration within the state of West Bengal . It is also a popular tourist destination in India . The recorded history of the town starts from the early 19th century when the colonial administration under the British Raj set up a sanatorium and a military depot in the region . Subsequently , extensive tea plantations were established in the region and tea growers developed hybrids of black tea and created new fermentation techniques . The resultant distinctive Darjeeling tea is internationally recognised and ranks among the most popular black teas in the world . The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway connects the town with the plains and has some of the few steam locomotives still in service in India . Darjeeling has several British-style private schools , which attract pupils from all over India and a few neighbouring countries . The varied culture of the town reflects its diverse demographic milieu comprising Lepcha , Khampa , Gorkha , Newar , Sherpa , Bhutia , Bengali and other mainland Indian ethno-linguistic groups . Darjeeling , alongside its neighbouring town of Kalimpong , was the centre of the Gorkhaland social movement in the 1980s and summer 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amit Paul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amit_Paul', 'summary': 'Amit Paul ( born in Shillong , India ) is an Indian singer . His career started by being runner up on Indian Idol season 3 . He has become a budding playback singer in the Hindi film industry as well as Bengali and Nepali movies .'}]}, {'value': 'Shillong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shillong', 'summary': "Shillong ( English : /ʃɪˈlɔːŋ/ ; ) is a hill station in the northeastern part of India and the capital of Meghalaya , which means The Abode of Clouds . It is the headquarters of the East Khasi Hills district . Shillong is the 330th most populous city in India with a population of 143,229 according to the 2011 census . It is said that the rolling hills around the town reminded the British of Scotland . Hence , they would also refer to it as the Scotland of the East . Shillong has steadily grown in size since it was made the civil station of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills in 1864 by the British . In 1874 , on the formation of Assam as the Chief Commissioner 's Province , it was chosen as the headquarters of the new administration because of its convenient location between the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys and more so because the climate of Shillong was much cooler than tropical India . Shillong remained the capital of undivided Assam until the creation of the new state of Meghalaya on 21 January 1972 , when Shillong became the capital of Meghalaya , and Assam moved its capital to Dispur in Guwahati ."}]}, {'value': '1st Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emon Chatterjee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata', 'summary': "Kolkata ( /kɒlˈkʌtə/ , Bengali : [ kolkata ] ( listen ) , also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ , the official name until 2001 ) is the cultural capital of India and the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the seventh most populous city ; the city had a population of 4.5 million , while the suburb population brought the total to 14.1 million , making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India . Kolkata Megalopolis is the area surrounding Kolkata Metropolitan city with additional population . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River approximately 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west of the border with Bangladesh , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of Kolkata is India 's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . The city , nicknamed the City of Joy is widely regarded as the cultural capital of India and as of 2019 , six Nobel Laureates have been associated with the city . Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area 's economy have ranged from $ 60 to $ 150 billion ( GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity ) making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India , after Mumbai and Delhi . In the late 17th century , the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty . After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690 , the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post . Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756 , and the East India Company retook it the following year . In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat ( local rule ) , and assumed full sovereignty of the region . Under the company rule , and later under the British Raj , Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 , when its perceived geographical disadvantages , combined with growing nationalism in Bengal , led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi . Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement ; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics ."}]}, {'value': '2nd Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ankita Mishra', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': '3rd Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meiyang Chang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meiyang_Chang', 'summary': 'Meiyang Chang ( born 6 October 1982 in Dhanbad , Jharkhand ) is an Indian actor , television host and singer of Chinese descent .'}]}, {'value': 'Dhanbad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dhanbad', 'summary': 'Dhanbad is the second most populous city in the Indian state of Jharkhand . Dhanbad ranks 33rd largest city in India and ranks 42nd largest million-plus urban agglomeration in India . It has been ranked 94th among 111 cities for Ease of Living Index and is 96th fastest growing urban area of world by City Mayors . Dhanbad shares its land borders with Paschim Bardhaman , West Bengal . Dhanbad is also called Coal Capital of India for housing one of the largest coal mines of India . The prestigious institute , Indian School of Mines ( now IIT ) is also situated in Dhanbad . Dhanbad is 56th cleanest city of India according to Swachh Survekshan 2019 . It showed a great change in terms of cleanliness which was considered as least cleanest in Swachh Survekshan 2018 snd Dhanbad Municipal Corp. also worked for increasing more green cover in city . Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway , Dhanbad Rail Division is the second-largest in revenue generation after the Mumbai division . Dhanbad ranked as top city in India with the highest 4G availability in India by a survey of Opensignal .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 9th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deepali Kishore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deepali_Kishore', 'summary': 'Deepali Kishore ( Bhojpuri : दीपाली किशोर ) ( born 6 January 1989 in Patna , Bihar ) is an Indian singer . She was a finalist of Indian Idol 3 . She also appeared along with Bollywood actor John Abraham and performed a group song from film Goal . She has sung a song for movie Don Muthuswami . The song is I Love You , composed by Anu Malik . She has hosted the auditions and the Roobaroos with Meiyang Chang in Indian Idol season 4 . She has hosted a music show Bharat Ki Shaan : Singing Star on DD National , with Abhas Joshi . Deepali is acting in the Bhojpuri soap Badki Malkayen on Mahua TV . Her latest Bollywood song is Ji huzori from ki & ka opposite Mithoon .'}]}, {'value': 'Patna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patna', 'summary': 'Patna /ˈpætnə , ˈpʌt-/ ( listen ) , also known as Pataliputra , is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India . Patna is the second-largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata . [ page needed ] It had an estimated city population of 1.68 million in 2011 , making it the 19th largest city in India . With over 2 million people , its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India . Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court . One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world , Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha . Ancient Patna , known as Patliputra , was the capital of the Magadh Empire under the Haryanka , Nanda , Mauryan , Shunga , Gupta and Pala empires . Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts . Patliputra was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata , Vātsyāyana and Chanakya . Its population during the Maurya period ( around 300 BCE ) was about 400,000 . Patna served as the seat of power , political and cultural centre of Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires . With the fall of Gupta Empire , Patna lost its glory .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pooja Chatterjee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dhanbad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dhanbad', 'summary': 'Dhanbad is the second most populous city in the Indian state of Jharkhand . Dhanbad ranks 33rd largest city in India and ranks 42nd largest million-plus urban agglomeration in India . It has been ranked 94th among 111 cities for Ease of Living Index and is 96th fastest growing urban area of world by City Mayors . Dhanbad shares its land borders with Paschim Bardhaman , West Bengal . Dhanbad is also called Coal Capital of India for housing one of the largest coal mines of India . The prestigious institute , Indian School of Mines ( now IIT ) is also situated in Dhanbad . Dhanbad is 56th cleanest city of India according to Swachh Survekshan 2019 . It showed a great change in terms of cleanliness which was considered as least cleanest in Swachh Survekshan 2018 snd Dhanbad Municipal Corp. also worked for increasing more green cover in city . Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway , Dhanbad Rail Division is the second-largest in revenue generation after the Mumbai division . Dhanbad ranked as top city in India with the highest 4G availability in India by a survey of Opensignal .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abhishek Kumar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai', 'summary': "Mumbai ( English : /mʊmˈbaɪ/ , Marathi : [ ˈmumbəi ] ; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/ , the official name until 1995 ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra . According to United Nations , as of 2018 , Mumbai was the second most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh most populous city in the world with a population of 19.98 million . As per Indian government population census of 2011 , Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai . Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23.64 million . Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2008 , Mumbai was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India . Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Elephanta Caves , Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus , and the city 's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings . The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people , who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times . For centuries , the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay . During the mid-18th century , Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project , which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea . Along with construction of major roads and railways , the reclamation project , completed in 1845 , transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parleen Singh Gill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ambala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ambala', 'summary': 'Ambala ( /əmˈbɑːlə/ ) , is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana , India , located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh . Politically ; Ambala has two sub-areas : Ambala Cantonment also known as ( Ambala Cantt ) and Ambala City , eight kilometres apart , therefore it is also known as Twin City . [ citation needed ] It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within its cantonment area . Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers - Ghaggar and Tangri - to the north and to the south . Due to its geographical location , the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism , being located 47 km ( 28 miles ) south of Chandigarh , the state capital , 148 km ( 93 miles ) southwest of Shimla , 198 km ( 121 miles ) north of New Delhi and 260 km ( 155 miles ) southeast of Amritsar'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charu Semwal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dehradun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dehradun', 'summary': "Dehradun ( /ˌdɛərəˈduːn/ ) , also spelled Dera Doon , is the capital of Uttarakhand , a state in India . Located in the Garhwal region , it lies 236 kilometres ( 147 mi ) north of India 's capital New Delhi and 168 kilometres ( 104 mi ) from Chandigarh . It is one of the Counter Magnets of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) being developed as an alternative centre of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area and to establish a smart city at Dehradun . During the days of British Raj , the official name of the town was Dehra . Dehradun is located in the Doon Valley on the foothills of the Himalayas nestled between the river Ganges on the east and the river Yamuna on the west . The city is famous for its picturesque landscape and slightly milder climate and provides a gateway to the surrounding region . It is well connected and in proximity to Himalayan tourist destinations such as Mussoorie , and Auli and the Hindu holy cities of Haridwar and Rishikesh along with the Himalayan pilgrimage circuit of Chota Char Dham . Dehradun Municipal Corporation is locally known as Nagar Nigam Dehradun . Other urban entities involved in civic services and city governance and management include Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority ( MDDA ) , Special Area Development Authority ( SADA ) , Jal Sansthan , and Jal Nigam among others . Dehradun is also known for its Basmati rice and bakery products ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Smita Adhikari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata', 'summary': "Kolkata ( /kɒlˈkʌtə/ , Bengali : [ kolkata ] ( listen ) , also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ , the official name until 2001 ) is the cultural capital of India and the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the seventh most populous city ; the city had a population of 4.5 million , while the suburb population brought the total to 14.1 million , making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India . Kolkata Megalopolis is the area surrounding Kolkata Metropolitan city with additional population . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River approximately 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west of the border with Bangladesh , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of Kolkata is India 's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . The city , nicknamed the City of Joy is widely regarded as the cultural capital of India and as of 2019 , six Nobel Laureates have been associated with the city . Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area 's economy have ranged from $ 60 to $ 150 billion ( GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity ) making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India , after Mumbai and Delhi . In the late 17th century , the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty . After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690 , the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post . Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756 , and the East India Company retook it the following year . In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat ( local rule ) , and assumed full sovereignty of the region . Under the company rule , and later under the British Raj , Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 , when its perceived geographical disadvantages , combined with growing nationalism in Bengal , led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi . Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement ; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jolly Das', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata', 'summary': "Kolkata ( /kɒlˈkʌtə/ , Bengali : [ kolkata ] ( listen ) , also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ , the official name until 2001 ) is the cultural capital of India and the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the seventh most populous city ; the city had a population of 4.5 million , while the suburb population brought the total to 14.1 million , making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India . Kolkata Megalopolis is the area surrounding Kolkata Metropolitan city with additional population . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River approximately 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west of the border with Bangladesh , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of Kolkata is India 's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . The city , nicknamed the City of Joy is widely regarded as the cultural capital of India and as of 2019 , six Nobel Laureates have been associated with the city . Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area 's economy have ranged from $ 60 to $ 150 billion ( GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity ) making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India , after Mumbai and Delhi . In the late 17th century , the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty . After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690 , the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post . Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756 , and the East India Company retook it the following year . In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat ( local rule ) , and assumed full sovereignty of the region . Under the company rule , and later under the British Raj , Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 , when its perceived geographical disadvantages , combined with growing nationalism in Bengal , led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi . Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement ; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richa Aneja', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punjab', 'summary': 'The Punjab ( /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ ( listen ) , /-ˈdʒæb/ , /ˈpʌndʒɑːb/ , /-dʒæb/ ; native pronunciation : [ pənˈdʒaːb ] ) , also spelled and romanised as Panjāb , [ a ] is a geopolitical , cultural and historical region in South Asia , specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent , comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India . The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts . The geographical definition of the term Punjab has changed over time : in the 16th century Mughal Empire it referred to a relatively smaller area lying between the Indus and the Sutlej rivers . In British India , until the Partition of Punjab in 1947 , the Punjab Province encompassed the present-day Indian states and union territories of Punjab , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Chandigarh , and Delhi ; and the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory . It bordered the Balochistan and Pashtunistan regions to the west , Kashmir to the north , the Hindi Belt to the east , and Rajasthan and Sindh to the south . The people of the Punjab today are called Punjabis , and their principal language is Punjabi . The main religion of the Pakistani Punjab region is Islam . The main religion of the Indian Punjab region is Sikhism . Other religious groups are Christianity , Jainism , Zoroastrianism , Buddhism , Hinduism , and Ravidassia . The Punjab region was the cradle for the Indus Valley Civilisation . The region had numerous migration by the Indo-Aryan peoples . The land was later contested by the Persians , Indo-Greeks , Indo-Scythians , Kushans , Macedonians , Ghaznavids , Turkic , Mongols , Timurids , Mughals , Marathi , Arabs , Pashtuns , British and other peoples .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 1st', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season 3', 'section_text': 'Judges Javed AkhtarAnu MalikAlisha ChinaiUdit Narayan Host Hussain KuwajerwalaMini Mathur Top 13 Contestants : -', 'uid': 'Indian_Idol_5_3', 'intro': 'Indian Idol is the Indian version of the Pop Idol format that airs on Sony Entertainment Television since 2004. It started airing in India with the first season in 2004-2005 and was followed by second (2005-2006), third (2007), fourth (2008-2009), fifth (2010) and sixth season (2012). For the seventh and eight season Indian Idol Junior replaced the show before the original Indian Idol returned for 9th season in 2016 and the 10th season in 2018. The 11th season in 2019-20 is aired on Sony TV.'}
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What is the subsection of the home city of Parleen Singh Gill next to Ambala City ?
Ambala Cantonment
fea49932c9b2a078
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foreign-born_Medal_of_Honor_recipients', 'title': 'List of foreign-born Medal of Honor recipients', 'header': ['Name', 'Country of birth', 'Rank', 'Branch', 'Place of action', 'Date of action'], 'data': [{'value': 'Otto Boehler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otto_Boehler', 'summary': 'Otto A. Boehler ( October 15 , 1873 - October 15 , 1910 ) was a United States Army private who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine-American War .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'May 16 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Fitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Fitz', 'summary': 'Joseph Fitz ( May 24 , 1886 in Austria - February 24 , 1945 ) was a United States Navy Ordinary Seaman who received the Medal of Honor for actions on March 8 , 1906 during the Philippine-American War . He served in the navy from 1900 to 1910 , and later obtained the rank of seaman .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ordinary Seaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ordinary_Seaman', 'summary': "An ordinary seaman ( OS ) is a naval rating of the deck department of a ship . The position is an apprenticeship to become an able seaman , and has been for centuries . In modern times , an OS is required to work on a ship for a specific amount of time , gaining what is referred to as sea time . For centuries , the term ordinary seaman was used to refer to a seaman with between one and two years ' experience at sea , who showed enough seamanship to be so rated by their captain . Historically in some navies and the merchant marine a sailor with less experience was called a landsman . An OS is generally not required to stand watch , but must pass examinations on watchstanding skills such as performing lookout duty and being a helmsman . Thus an OS will often be found on a ship 's bridge after working hours taking a turn at the ship 's wheel or being familiarized with bridge equipment . During the apprenticeship , an OS performs a variety of duties concerned with the operation and upkeep of deck department areas and equipment . These duties vary with the type of ship , the type of voyage , the number of crewmembers , the weather , the supervisor , and any number of other variables . However , in most cases , one can expect an ordinary seaman to clean , to perform maintenance , to work with deck equipment , and to undergo on-the-job-training under the supervision of senior deck department members ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Sulu , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sulu', 'summary': "Sulu ( Tausūg : Wilāya sin Lupa ' Sūg ) is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ( BARMM ) . Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name . Maimbung , the royal capital of the Sultanate of Sulu , is also located in the province . Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'March 8 , 1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gotfred Jensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gotfred_Jensen', 'summary': "Gotfred Jensen ( November 20 , 1872 in Denmark - December 26 , 1945 ) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine-American War . He was a member of Young 's Scouts and was one of thirteen Scouts awarded the Medal between 16 and May 19 , 1899 . Sergeant Jensen is buried in Veteran 's Home Cemetery in Port Orchard , Washington ."}]}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'May 13 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornelius J. Leahy *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornelius_J._Leahy', 'summary': 'Cornelius J. Leahy was a Private in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Philippine-American War . He is buried in San Francisco National Cemetery San Francisco , California .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'September 3 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'José B. Nísperos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_B._Nísperos', 'summary': "José Balitón Nísperos ( December 30 , 1887 - September 1 , 1922 ) was a member of the Philippine Scouts who received the Medal of Honor during the Moro Rebellion . He was the first Asian to be awarded the medal . On September 24 , 1911 , at Lapurap , Basilan , Philippines , Nísperos , a member of the U.S. Army 's 34th Company of the Philippine Scouts , defended his unit 's position against natives armed with spears despite being severely wounded . Nísperos became the first Filipino and Asian to receive the Medal of Honor ; the medal was presented by Brigadier General Bell in February 1913 . Nisperos joined the Philippine Scouts in December 1907 . Due to wounds suffered in his MOH action , he was discharged for disability in June 1912 ."}]}, {'value': 'Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Basilan , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basilan', 'summary': "The Province of Basilan ( Chavacano : Provincia de Basilan ; Tausug : Wilaya ' sin Basilan ; Yakan : Wilayah Basilanin ) is an island province of the Philippines in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region . Basilan Island is the largest and northernmost of the major islands of the Sulu Archipelago . It is just off the southern coast of the geographic Zamboanga Peninsula . Isabela City , the former capital , is a component city under the provincial government of Basilan but is administered as part of the Zamboanga Peninsula Region and is listed statistically independent . Its capital has been transferred to Lamitan City . Basilan is home to three main ethnolingusitic groups : the indigenous Yakans , and the later-arriving Tausugs and Chavacanos . The Yakans and Tausugs are predominantly Muslim , while the Chavacano are mainly Christian . There are a number of smaller nations . Although the official language is English , the major language is Yakan and lingua franca is Chavacano ; other languages are well represented , including Tausug , Cebuano , and Sama . Basilan , although classified as a 3rd-class province in terms of gross provincial income , has one of the lowest incidences of poverty in the Philippines ( 26.19% of the general population ) , ranked 20 among the Philippines ' 80 provinces . ( In comparison , Maguindanao which is ranked last at number 80 has a poverty incidence of 44.24% . ) The gap between Basilan 's rich and poor residents are among the narrowest in the country ( ranked 3rd nationwide ) , pointing to one of the most equitable distributions of wealth anywhere in the country ( Gini coefficient 0.2826 , which is slightly better than the provinces of Pampanga , Bulacan , Nueva Ecija , Tarlac , Cavite , Batanes and Batangas ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'September 24 , 1911', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Francis Prendergast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Prendergast', 'summary': 'Thomas Francis Prendergast or Pendegrast ( 2 April 1871 , Waterford , Ireland - 26 April 1913 , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his United States Marine Corps service in the Philippine-American War .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corporal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corporal', 'summary': "Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by many militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations . Within NATO , each member nation 's corresponding military rank of corporal is combined under the NATO-standard rank scale code OR-3 or OR-4 . However , there are often differences in how each nation ( or service in each nation ) employs corporals . Some militaries do n't have corporals , but may instead have a Junior Sergeant . In some militaries , the rank of corporal nominally corresponds to commanding a section or squad of soldiers . However , in the United States Army , the rank of corporal is considered a lateral promotion from E-4 Specialist and usually only occurs when the soldier has been selected by a promotion board to become an E-5 Sergeant and is serving in an E-5 billet such as a fireteam leader in a rifle squad . The lateral promotion is used to make the soldier a non-commissioned officer without changing the soldier 's pay . As the Table of Organization & Equipment ( TO & E ) rank of a fire team leader is sergeant and that of squad leader is staff sergeant . In the United States Marine Corps , corporal is the Table of Organization ( TO ) rank for a rifle fire team leader , machine gun team leader , light mortar squad leader , and assault weapon squad leader , as well as gunner on most larger crew served weapons ( i.e . medium mortars , heavy machine guns , and anti-tank missiles ) , armored vehicles ( e.g . tanks , light armored vehicles , and armored assault vehicles ) , and the two assistant gunners on a howitzer ( the gunner is a sergeant ) . In most countries that derive their military structure from the British military system , corporal is a more senior rank than that of private ."}]}, {'value': 'Marine Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps', 'summary': "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 1899 - March 29 , 1899 and April 5 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick Shanahan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Shanahan_(Medal_of_Honor)', 'summary': 'Patrick Shanahan ( November 6 , 1867 - December 7 , 1937 ) was a United States Navy sailor who received the Medal of Honor .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chief Boatswain 's Mate", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer', 'summary': 'A chief petty officer is a senior non-commissioned officer in many navies and coast guards .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Boatswain's_mate_(United_States_Navy)", 'summary': "The United States Navy occupational rating of boatswain 's mate ( abbreviated as BM ) is a designation given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel ( BUPERS ) to enlisted members who were rated or striking for the rating as a deck seaman . The colloquial form of address for a boatswain 's mate is Boats . The rating of Boatswain 's Mate dates from the American Revolutionary War and was one of the oldest U.S. Navy ratings in continuous existence from 1775 to present . For a period of three months at the end of 2016 , the rating ( along with all ratings in the Navy ) was scheduled for elimination , but the proposed change was unpopular with both sailors and Navy veterans and was reversed in December of that year ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'May 28 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Sletteland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Sletteland', 'summary': 'Thomas Sletteland was a Private in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine-American War . He is buried in North Dakota Veterans Cemetery , Mandan , North Dakota . His grave can be found at GPS ( lat/lon ) : 46.751 , -100.85053 .'}]}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'April 12 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George E. Stewart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_E._Stewart', 'summary': 'George Evans Stewart ( August 2 , 1872 - March 2 , 1946 ) was an officer in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine-American War . He commanded the 339th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) in the 1918 Polar Bear Expedition in northern Russia . Stewart joined the army from New York City in October 1896 , and retired with the rank of colonel in April 1931 .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Lieutenant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Lieutenant', 'summary': 'Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces , comparable to NATO OF-1a rank .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Panay , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panay', 'summary': "Panay is the sixth-largest and fourth most-populous island in the Philippines , with a total land area of 12,011 km2 ( 4,637 sq mi ) and with a total population of 4,477,247 . Panay comprises 4.4 percent of the entire population of the country . The City of Iloilo is its largest settlement with a total population of 447,992 inhabitants . It is a triangular island , located in the western part of the Visayas . It is about 160 km ( 99 mi ) across . It is divided into four provinces : Aklan , Antique , Capiz and Iloilo , all in the Western Visayas Region . Just closely off the mid-southeastern coast lies the island-province of Guimaras . It is located southeast of the island of Mindoro and northwest of Negros across the Guimaras Strait . To the north and northeast is the Sibuyan Sea , Jintotolo Channel and the island-provinces of Romblon and Masbate ; to the west and southwest is the Sulu Sea and the Palawan archipelago and to the south is Panay Gulf . Panay is the only main island in the Visayas whose provinces do n't bear the name of their island . Panay is bisected by the Central Panay Mountain Range , its longest mountain chain . The island has many rivers , the longest being the Panay River at a length of 152 kilometres ( 94 mi ) , followed by the Jalaur , Aklan , Sibalom , Iloilo and Bugang rivers ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'November 26 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew V. Stoltenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_V._Stoltenberg', 'summary': 'Andrew Vincent Stoltenberg ( January 26 , 1865 - December 25 , 1921 ) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Philippine-American War .'}]}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Gunner 's Mate Second Class", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gunner's_Mate", 'summary': "The United States Navy & United States Coast Guard occupational rating of gunner 's mate ( GM ) is a designation given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel ( BUPERS ) to enlisted sailors who either satisfactorily complete initial Gunner 's Mate A school training , or who strike for the rating by showing competence in the field of ordnance . When striking one is n't required to be a seaman , but must belong to one of three undesignated rates : Fireman ( FN ) , Seaman ( SN ) , or Airman ( AN ) . ( Striking is no longer authorized in the USCG ) It is also possible cross rate to Gunner 's Mate . Cross rating refers to the act of an enlisted sailor crossing from their current rating to another rating of their choice , provided their ASVAB scores are high enough and there are open slots for the rate . The Gunner 's Mate A school is held at Naval Training Center Great Lakes , Illinois and Yorktown , VA for the USCG . In its early years , the school was very hands-on , but it is now primarily conducted through technical educational tools , such as self-study computer-based training ( CBT ) . Training focuses on the operation , maintenance , and troubleshooting of naval guns , missile launchers and torpedoes as well as a strong emphasis on basic explosives , guidance and tracking systems , small arms , Naval ammunition classification , and safety . Upon completion of this basic training , enlisted members often continue on to a specialized C school , where they learn a particular weapons system ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Petty_officer_second_class', 'summary': 'Petty officer second class is the fifth enlisted rank in the U.S. Navy , U.S. Coast Guard , and the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps , just above petty officer third class and below petty officer first class , and is a non-commissioned officer . It is equivalent to the rank of sergeant in the Army and Marine Corps , and staff sergeant in the Air Force .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Samar , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samar', 'summary': "Samar ( /ˈsɑːmɑːr/ SAH-mar ) is the third largest island in the Philippines . Located in eastern Visayas , within central Philippines . The island is divided into three provinces : Samar ( the western two-fifths of the island of Samar ) , Northern Samar , and Eastern Samar . These three provinces , along with the provinces on the nearby islands of Leyte and Biliran are part of the Eastern Visayas region . Samar is the eastern-most island in the Visayas . About a third of the island is protected as a natural park known as the Samar Island Natural Park . The island is separated from Leyte by the San Juanico Strait , which at its narrowest point is only about 2 kilometres ( 1.2 mi ) across . This strait is crossed by the San Juanico Bridge . Samar lies southeast of the Bicol Peninsula on Luzon , the country 's largest island ; the San Bernardino Strait separates the two . To the south of Samar is the Leyte Gulf , which was the site of the Battle of Leyte Gulf , one of the most decisive naval battles during the Second World War . The gulf opens out into the Philippine Sea , found to the east of Samar and is part of the Pacific Ocean . On June 19 , 1965 , through Republic Act No ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'July 16 , 1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul F. Straub', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_F._Straub', 'summary': 'Paul Frederick Straub was a Surgeon in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine-American War . He also worked in the Office of the Surgeon General ; his papers from his time there can be found at the National Library of Medicine .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Surgeon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surgeon', 'summary': 'In modern medicine , a surgeon is a physician who performs surgery . There are also surgeons in podiatry , dentistry , orthodontics , and the veterinary medicine .'}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'December 21 , 1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William G. Thordsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_G._Thordsen', 'summary': 'William George Thordsen ( April 2 , 1879 - May 8 , 1932 ) was a Coxswain in the United States Navy and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine-American War . Thordsen joined the Navy from New York in 1898 , and retired in 1910 .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coxswain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coxswain', 'summary': 'The coxswain ( /ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən ) is the person in charge of a boat , particularly its navigation and steering . The etymology of the word gives a literal meaning of boat servant since it comes from cock , a cockboat or other small vessel kept aboard a ship , and swain , an Old English term derived from the Old Norse sveinn meaning boy or servant .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Leyte , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leyte', 'summary': 'Leyte ( /ˈleɪti , ˈleɪteɪ/ LAY-tee , LAY-tay ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines . It is the seventh largest island in the Philippines by land area . The island was known to 16th-century Spanish explorers as Tandaya . Its population grew rapidly after 1900 , especially in the Leyte and Ormoc valleys . In World War II , U.S. forces landed on Leyte ( October 20 , 1944 ) , and , after the Battle of Leyte Gulf , the Japanese were expelled . Since the accessibility of land has been depleted , Leyte has provided countless number of migrants to Mindanao . Most inhabitants are farmers . Fishing is a supplementary activity . Rice and corn ( maize ) are the main food crops ; cash crops include coconuts , abaca , tobacco , bananas , and sugarcane . There are some manganese deposits , and sandstone and limestone are quarried in the northwest . Politically , the island is divided into two provinces : ( Northern ) Leyte and Southern Leyte . Territorially , Southern Leyte includes the island of Panaon to its south .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'May 6 , 1900', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Philippine–American War', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_foreign-born_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_6', 'intro': 'The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously. Although Medals of Honor can be awarded only to members of the U.S. armed forces, being a U.S. citizen is not a prerequisite for eligibility to receive the medal. Since the American Civil War, hundreds of people born outside the United States have received the medal, the most recent of these recipients being Pedro Cano and Jesus S. Duran who received their medals in March 2014 for actions performed during World War II and the Vietnam War respectively. The large number of foreign-born recipients during the 19th and early 20th centuries was mostly due to immigration waves from Europe.'}
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In what war was the recipient who had the last alphabetical place of action ?
Philippine-American War
fea49ccfcc9c9b57
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Places_of_Scenic_Beauty_of_Japan_(Nara)', 'title': 'List of Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan (Nara)', 'header': ['Site', 'Municipality', 'Comments', 'Type', 'Ref'], 'data': [{'value': '* Heijō Palace Tōin Gardens 平城宮東院庭園 Heijō-kyū tōin teien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heijō_Palace', 'summary': "Heijō Palace ( 平城宮 , Heijō-kyū ) was the imperial residence in the Japanese capital city Heijō-kyō ( today 's Nara ) , during most of the Nara period . The palace , which served as the imperial residence and the administrative centre of for most of the Nara period from 710 to 794 AD , was located at the north-central location of the city in accordance with the Chinese models used for the design of the capital . The palace consisted of a large rectangular walled enclosure ( the daidairi ) , which contained several ceremonial and administrative buildings including the government ministries . Inside this enclosure was the separately walled residential compound of the emperor or the Inner Palace . In addition to the emperor 's living quarters , the Inner Palace contained the residences of the imperial consorts , as well as certain official and ceremonial buildings more closely linked to the person of the emperor . The original role of the palace was to manifest the centralised government model adopted by Japan from China in the 7th century - the Daijō-kan and its subsidiary Eight Ministries . The palace was designed to provide an appropriate setting for the emperor 's residence , the conduct of great affairs of state , and the accompanying ceremonies . After the capital was moved to Heian , the palace structures were either moved there or suffered several fires and other disasters and disappeared . The site was built over for agriculture that almost no trace of it remained , however the location was still known . Excavations started in the 1970s and large-scale reconstruction based on contemporary literary sources and excavations starting in the 2000s . The excavated remains of the palace , and the surrounding area , was established as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 along with a number of other buildings and area , as the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara ."}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': 'the palace is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan', 'summary': 'Japan accepted the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 30 June 1992 . As of July 2019 , twenty-three properties have been inscribed on the World Heritage List : nineteen cultural sites and four natural sites . A further eight sites and one site extension have been submitted for future inscription and are currently on the Tentative List as of 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Historic_Monuments_of_Ancient_Nara', 'summary': 'The UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara encompasses eight places in the old capital Nara in Nara Prefecture , Japan . Five are Buddhist temples , one is a Shinto shrine , one is a Palace and one a primeval forest . The properties include 26 buildings designated by the Japanese Government as National Treasures as well as 53 designated as Important Cultural Properties . All compounds have been recognized as Historic Sites . The Nara Palace Site was designated as Special Historic Site and the Kasugayama Primeval Forest as Special Natural Monument . Tōdai-ji , Kōfuku-ji and the Kasugayama Primeval Forest overlap with Nara Park , a park designated as one of the Places of Scenic Beauty by the Ministry of Education , Culture , Sports , Science and Technology ( MEXT ) . UNESCO listed the site as World Heritage in 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 1 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '* Heijō-kyō Sakyō Sanjō Nibō Palace Site Gardens 平城京左京三条二坊宮跡庭園 Heijō-kyō sakyō sanjō nibō miya ato teien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heijō-kyō', 'summary': "Heijō-kyō ( 平城京 , also Heizei-kyō , sometimes Nara no miyako ) , was the Capital of Japan during most of the Nara period , from 710-40 and again from 745-84 . The imperial palace is a listed UNESCO World Heritage together with other places in the city of Nara ( cf . Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara ) . Empress Genmei ordered the Imperial capital moved from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō in 708 , and the move to Heijō-kyō was complete in 710 . Heijō-kyō was modeled after Chang'an , the capital of Tang-dynasty China , although Heijō-kyō lacked walls . In the city , merchants and traders from China , Korea and India introduced various foreign cultures to Heijō-kyō through the Silk Road . As a result , Heijō-kyō flourished as Japan 's first international and political capital , with a peak population of approximately 100,000 . The overall form of the city was an irregular rectangle , and the area of city is more than 25 km2 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': 'also a Special Historic Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Special_Places_of_Scenic_Beauty,_Special_Historic_Sites_and_Special_Natural_Monuments', 'summary': "To protect Japan 's cultural heritage , the country 's government selects through the Agency for Cultural Affairs important items and designates them as Cultural Properties under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties . Designated items are classified in a number of categories , one of which is Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) . This category includes historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value . The government further designates significant monuments classifying them in three categories : Historic Sites ( 史跡 , shiseki ) , Places of Scenic Beauty ( 名勝 , meishō ) , and Natural Monuments ( 天然記念物 , tennen kinenbutsu ) . Items of particularly high significance receive higher classifications : Special Historic Sites ( 特別史跡 , tokubetsu shiseki ) , Special Places of Scenic Beauty ( 特別名勝 , tokubetsu meishō ) , and Special Natural Monuments ( 特別天然記念物 , tokubetsu tennen kinenbutsu ) respectively . As of November 15 , 2019 there are 1,031 Natural Monuments , 1846 Historic Sites , 422 Places of Scenic Beauty , 75 Special Natural Monuments , 36 Special Places of Scenic Beauty and 63 Special Historic Sites . Since a single item can fall under more than one of these categories , the total number of sites is less than the sum of designations ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 2 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '* Dorohatchō 瀞八丁 Dorohatchō', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Totsukawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Totsukawa,_Nara', 'summary': 'Totsukawa ( 十津川村 , Totsukawa-mura ) is a village located in Yoshino District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . It is the largest village in Japan in terms of area . As of January 2017 , the village has an estimated population of 3,488 and a density of 5.2 persons per km2 . The total area is 672.35 km2 .'}]}, {'value': 'the designation includes an area of Shingū in Wakayama Prefecture and Kumano in Mie Prefecture ; also a Natural Monument', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shingū,_Wakayama', 'summary': "Shingū ( 新宮市 , Shingū-shi ) is a city located in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on October 1 , 1933 . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 28,749 and a population density of 110 persons per km² . The total area is 255.43 km2 ( 98.62 sq mi ) . Shingū literally means 'New Shrine ' and refers to Hayatama Shrine , one of the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano ( See ) . The 'old shrine ' would be Kamikura Shrine . Shingū is the central commercial city of the Kumano Region in Japan where Shingū Station is situated , and is one of the largest cities in Wakayama Prefecture . It is a sister city to Santa Cruz , California . Each Spring , The City of Santa Cruz sends about 14 middle school/ high school delegates to visit Shingū and to interact with the Japanese society . On October 1 , 2005 the town of Kumanogawa ( from Higashimuro District ) , an exclave between Nara and Mie prefectures , was merged with Shingū ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Wakayama Prefecture ( 和歌山県 , Wakayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region , located on the southernmost point of Honshū island . The capital is the city of Wakayama .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kumano,_Mie', 'summary': 'Kumano ( 熊野市 , Kumano-shi ) is a city located in Mie Prefecture , Japan . As of August 2015 , the city had an estimated population of 17,727 and a population density of 47.4 persons per km2 . The total area was 373.35 square kilometres ( 144.15 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mie_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 3 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isui-en 依水園 Isui-en', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isuien_Garden', 'summary': 'Isui-en ( 依水園 , Isuien ) is a Japanese garden located in Nara , the old capital of Japan near Kyōto . It has been preserved since its creation in the Meiji era , and is the only walking garden ( kaiyushiki teien ) in Nara . It is divided into two sections , which were originally two separate gardens , and each features a pagoda .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 4 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enjō-ji Gardens 円成寺庭園 Enjōji teien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enjō-ji', 'summary': 'Enjō-ji ( 円成寺 ) is a Shingon temple in the northeast of Nara , Japan . A number of its buildings and images have been designated National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties , and its late-Heian period gardens are a Place of Scenic Beauty .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 5 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Yoshino 吉野山 Yoshino-yama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Yoshino', 'summary': 'Yoshino Mountain ( 吉野山 , Yoshino-yama ) is a mountain located in the town of Yoshino in Yoshino District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . In 2004 it was designated as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . Yoshino Mountain was the subject of a waka poem in the 10th century poetry compilation Kokin Wakashū . It is also the subject of several poems in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu . Several important religious and pilgrimage destinations are located around Mount Yoshino , including Yoshino Mikumari Shrine , Kimpu Shrine and Kimpusen-ji . It is well known for its cherry blossoms and attracts many visitors every spring . Yoshino Mountain is famous for its many thousands of sakura trees , and is heavily referenced in both traditional waka poetry and folk song for its abundance of flowers in the spring , with famous poets such as Chiyo offering prose on the peak and its many flowers . These flowering specimen trees were planted in four groves at different altitudes , in part so that the famed trees would come into bloom at different times of the spring . A 1714 account explained that , on their climb to the top , travelers would be able to enjoy the lower 1,000 cherry trees at the base , the middle 1,000 on the way , the upper 1,000 toward the top , and the 1,000 in the precincts of the inner shrine at the top . Famous products that can be found in shops in the area of Mount Yoshino include edible goods made from kudzu root and persimmon leaf-wrapped sushi ( kakinoha-zushi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Yoshino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoshino,_Nara', 'summary': "The town of Yoshino is located in the northern portion of Yoshino District . Most of the area is mountainous , but the section along the Yoshino River is somewhat flatter and contains most of the town 's roads , train tracks and houses ."}]}, {'value': 'also an Historic Site ; inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}, {'url': '/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan', 'summary': 'Japan accepted the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 30 June 1992 . As of July 2019 , twenty-three properties have been inscribed on the World Heritage List : nineteen cultural sites and four natural sites . A further eight sites and one site extension have been submitted for future inscription and are currently on the Tentative List as of 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sacred_Sites_and_Pilgrimage_Routes_in_the_Kii_Mountain_Range', 'summary': 'Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located on the Kii Peninsula in Japan .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 6 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former Daijō-in Gardens 旧大乗院庭園 kyū-Daijōin teien', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 7 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsukigase Plum Groves 月瀬梅林 Tsukigase bairin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': 'in Tsukigase-Kōnoyama Prefectural Natural Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsukigase-Kōnoyama_Prefectural_Natural_Park', 'summary': 'Tsukigase-Kōnoyama Prefectural Natural Park ( 県立月ヶ瀬神野山自然公園 , Kenritsu Tsukigase-Kōnoyama shizen kōen ) is a Prefectural Natural Park in northeast Nara Prefecture , Japan . Established in 1975 , the park comprises two non-contiguous areas spanning the borders of the municipalities of Nara and Yamazoe . The plum groves of Tsukigase were designated a Place of Scenic Beauty in 1922 . Although a dam constructed in 1964 submerged 3,950 plum trees , subsequent replanting has increased the numbers to 10,000 . The area is also celebrated for its azaleas , as is Mount Kōno , which rises to a height of 618.8m .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 8 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jikō-in Gardens 慈光院 庭園 Jikōin Gardens', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yamatokōriyama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yamatokōriyama,_Nara', 'summary': 'Yamatokōriyama ( 大和郡山市 , Yamatokōriyama-shi ) is a city in Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of 31 March 2017 [ update ] , the city has an estimated population of 87,541 and 37,705 households .'}]}, {'value': 'also an Historic Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 9 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yamato Sanzan 大和三山 Yamato sanzan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yamato_Sanzan', 'summary': 'Yamato Sanzan ( 大和三山 ) or the three mountains of Yamato , in Kashihara , Nara Prefecture , Japan , are Mount Amanokagu ( 香具山 ) , Mount Unebi ( 畝傍山 ) , and Mount Miminashi ( 耳成山 ) . Celebrated in Japanese poetry , they have been jointly designated a Place of Scenic Beauty . Jimmu , first Emperor of Japan , is said to have built his palace on the southeast side of Mt Unebi ; he is enshrined at Kashihara Jingū . Archaeological study in the 1990s has shown that , rather than their surrounding Fujiwara-kyō on three sides , the palace-city was so large as to encompass the three mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Kashihara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kashihara,_Nara', 'summary': "Kashihara ( 橿原市 , Kashihara-shi ) is a city located in Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of April 1 , 2015 , the city has an estimated population of 124,829 , with 52,034 households . Population density is around 3,176.79 persons per km² , and the total area is 39.52 km² . [ citation needed ] The city was founded on February 11 , 1956 . The former mayor was Yutaka Asoda , who was elected to his third term of office in 2003 . The present mayor is Yutaka Morishita , who was elected in 2007 . The exact spot of Emperor Jimmu 's descent to earth was debated for centuries until in 1863 an area that is now part of the city was claimed to be the exact location . The city was the location of the Imperial capital Fujiwara-kyō , from 694 to 710 . In the late 16th century it was said to be one of the two richest autonomous cities of Japan , as in Umi no Sakai , Riku no Imai ( tr . by the sea , Sakai - inland , Imai - Imai or ja : 今井町 is now a part of Kashihara ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 , 10 , 11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 10 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taima-dera Nakanobō Gardens 当麻寺中之坊庭園 Taimadera nakanobō teien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taima-dera', 'summary': 'Taima-dera ( 當麻寺 ) is a Buddhist temple in Katsuragi , Nara , Japan . The temple legend says it was built originally in 612 by the Imperial Prince Maroko , the brother of Prince Shotoku . The temple was moved to its present location in 681 by the grandson of Prince Maroko , and served as the head temple , or honzan ( 本山 ) of the Hosso sect although currently the temple is jointly administrated by Shingon and Jodo schools .'}]}, {'value': 'Katsuragi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katsuragi,_Nara', 'summary': 'Katsuragi ( 葛城市 , Katsuragi-shi ) is a city located in Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of August 1 , 2019 , the city has an estimated population of 37,352 , and 14,775 households . The population density is 1,107 persons per km2 , and the total area is 33.73 km2 . [ citation needed ] The modern city of Katsuragi was established on October 1 , 2004 , from the merger of the towns of Shinjō and Taima ( both from Kitakatsuragi District ) . Katsuragi has a deep history being located in the ancient capital of Japan , Nara . Katsuragi has many temples , shrines and tombs , many which contain important national treasures and important cultural properties . Also blessed with a rich natural environment , to the west lies the Kongo ranges which includes the mountains of Mt . Nijo , Mt . Iwahashi and Mt . Katsuragi . The east side of Katsuragi City includes the commercial and residential areas with National Route 24 , railway stations and the Katsuragi River . The climate is generally mild and is classified as an inland climate .'}]}, {'value': 'also an Historic Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 11 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nara Park 奈良公園 Nara kōen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara_Park', 'summary': 'Nara Park ( 奈良公園 , Nara Kōen ) is a public park located in the city of Nara , Japan , at the foot of Mount Wakakusa . Established in 1880 it is one of the oldest parks in Japan . Administratively , the park is under the control of Nara Prefecture . The park is one of the Places of Scenic Beauty designated by the Ministry of Education , Culture , Sports , Science and Technology ( MEXT ) . Over 1,200 wild sika deer ( シカ or 鹿 shika ) freely roaming around in the park are also under designation of MEXT , classified as natural treasure . While the official size of the park is about 502 hectares ( 1,240 acres ) , the area including the grounds of Tōdai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , and Kasuga Shrine , which are either on the edge or surrounded by Nara Park , is as large as 660 hectares ( 1,600 acres ) . While Nara Park is usually associated with the broad areas of the temples and the park proper , previously private gardens are now open to public . These gardens make use of the temple buildings as adjunct features of their landscapes . The park is home to the Nara National Museum and Todai-ji , where the largest wooden building in the world houses a 15-metre ( 50 ft ) tall statue of Buddha .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 12 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asuka Capital Site Pond 飛鳥京跡苑池 Asuka-kyō ato enchi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asuka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asuka,_Nara', 'summary': "Asuka ( 明日香村 , Asuka-mura ) is a village located in Takaichi District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of April 1 , 2017 , the village has an estimated population of 5,681 , with 2,170 households , and a population density of 240 persons per km² . The total area is 24.08 km² . Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka ( 飛鳥 ) palaces were located . There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town . Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line . Although it 's outside Asuka , Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line , Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines . By car , Asuka is on Route 169 ."}]}, {'value': 'also an Historic Site ; submitted for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the serial nomination Asuka-Fujiwara : Archaeological sites of Japans Ancient Capitals and Related Properties', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}, {'url': '/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan', 'summary': 'Japan accepted the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 30 June 1992 . As of July 2019 , twenty-three properties have been inscribed on the World Heritage List : nineteen cultural sites and four natural sites . A further eight sites and one site extension have been submitted for future inscription and are currently on the Tentative List as of 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Asuka-Fujiwara', 'summary': 'Asuka-Fujiwara : Archaeological sites of Japans Ancient Capitals and Related Properties is a cluster of archaeological sites from in and around the late sixth- to early eighth-century capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara-kyō , Nara Prefecture , Japan . In 2007 , twenty eight sites were submitted jointly for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List under the ii , iii , iv , v , and vi criteria . Currently , the submission is listed on the Tentative List . Since 2011 , the Cultural Landscape of the Asuka Hinterland has been protected as one of the Cultural Landscapes of Japan . An area of 60 ha is also protected within the Asuka Historical National Government Park . Related artefacts are housed at the Asuka Historical Museum .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 13 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hokke-ji Gardens 法華寺庭園 Hokkeji teien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hokke-ji', 'summary': "Hokke-ji ( 法華寺 , Hokke-ji ) , is a Buddhist temple in the city of Nara , Japan . Hokke-ji was built by Empress Kōmyō in 745 , originally as a nunnery temple on the grounds where her father Fujiwara no Fuhito 's mansion stood . According to records kept by the temple , the initial construction went on until around 782 . It once had a large complex with several halls , gates , and two pagodas . Hokke-ji was heavily damaged in the fierce Siege of Nara in 1180 . The complex was restored in the 12th and 13th centuries , but was again affected by civil conflicts during the Sengoku period ."}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan', 'summary': "Monuments ( 記念物 , kinenbutsu ) is a collective term used by the Japanese government 's Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to denote Cultural Properties of Japan [ note 1 ] as historic locations such as shell mounds , ancient tombs , sites of palaces , sites of forts or castles , monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value ; gardens , bridges , gorges , mountains , and other places of great scenic beauty ; and natural features such as animals , plants , and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value ."}]}, {'value': '[ 14 ]', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'National Places of Scenic Beauty', 'section_text': 'As of 1 August 2014 , fourteen sites have been designated at a national level ( including three *Special Places of Scenic Beauty ) ; Dorohatchō spans the prefectural borders with Wakayama and Mie . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_Places_of_Scenic_Beauty_of_Japan_(Nara)_0', 'intro': 'This list is of the Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan located within the Prefecture of Nara.'}
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What site encompasses 3 mountains and is located in a city that was founded on February 11 , 1956 ?
Yamato Sanzan
fea4ddbd787ed668
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Allsvenskan', 'title': '2014 Allsvenskan', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Turf', 'Stadium capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'AIK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AIK_Fotboll', 'summary': "AIK Fotboll ( LSE : 0DI2 ) , more commonly known simply as AIK ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɑ̂ːiːˌkoː ] ) , an abbreviation for Allmänna Idrottsklubben ( meaning the public or general sports club ) , is a Swedish football club competing in Allsvenskan , the top flight of Swedish football . The club was founded 1891 in Stockholm and the football department was formed in 1896 . AIK 's home ground is Friends Arena , located in Solna in Central Stockholm County . League champions 2018 , AIK has 12 championship titles and is third in the all-time Allsvenskan table . The club holds the record for having played the most seasons in the Swedish top flight . In addition , in this century AIK is the club that has finished top three in Allsvenskan the most times ( 11 ) , and finished top three six times in a row ( 2013-2018 ) . AIK is consequently the Swedish club that has qualified for UEFA club competitions the most times this century . Affiliated with the Stockholm Football Association , AIK is the only side from Stockholm to have qualified for the group stage of a UEFA competition ; the club reached the quarter-finals of the 1996-97 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , qualified for the 1999-2000 UEFA Champions League group stage , and competed in the 2012-13 UEFA Europa League group stage ."}]}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}]}, {'value': 'Friends Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Friends_Arena', 'summary': "Friends Arena , also known as Nationalarenan , is a retractable roof multi-purpose stadium in Stockholm , Sweden . Located next to the lake Råstasjön in Solna , just north of the City Centre , it is the biggest stadium in Scandinavia . Since its opening , the venue has served as Sweden 's national stadium for men 's football , hence its name . The main tenants of the stadium are Sweden 's men 's national football team and Allsvenskan football club AIK ; both relocated from their previous home at the Råsunda Stadium . The venue has a total capacity of 65,000 at concerts and 50,000 seated at football matches , but the stadium can be scaled down to provide for smaller events with approximately 20,000 guests ."}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grass', 'summary': "Poaceae ( /poʊˈeɪsiaɪ/ ) or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses , commonly referred to collectively as grass . Poaceae includes the cereal grasses , bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and cultivated lawns and pasture . The Poaceae are the most important source of the world 's dietary energy supply . They provide , through direct human consumption , just over one-half ( 51% ) of all dietary energy ; rice provides 20% , wheat supplies 20% , maize ( corn ) 5.5% , and other grains 6% . Grasses have stems that are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks . The lower part of each leaf encloses the stem , forming a leaf-sheath . With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species , Poaceae are the fifth-largest plant family , following the Asteraceae , Orchidaceae , Fabaceae and Rubiaceae . Grasslands such as savannah and prairie where grasses are dominant are estimated to constitute 40.5% of the land area of the Earth , excluding Greenland and Antarctica . Grasses are also an important part of the vegetation in many other habitats , including wetlands , forests and tundra . The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family , providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize , wheat , rice , barley , and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals . They are used as building materials ( bamboo , thatch , and straw ) . They are a source of biofuel , primarily via the conversion of maize to ethanol ."}]}, {'value': '54,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BK Häcken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BK_Häcken', 'summary': "Bollklubben Häcken , more commonly known as BK Häcken or simply Häcken ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈhɛ̌kːɛn ] ) , is a Swedish professional football club based in Gothenburg . The club is affiliated to Göteborgs Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Bravida Arena . The club colours , reflected in their crest and kit , are yellow and black . Formed on 2 August 1940 , the club has played sixteen seasons in Sweden 's highest football league Allsvenskan , the club 's first season in the league was in 1983 . The club plays in Allsvenskan , the top tier of Swedish football ."}]}, {'value': 'Gothenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gothenburg', 'summary': "Gothenburg ( /ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [ jœtɛˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is the second-largest city in Sweden , fifth-largest in the Nordic countries , and capital of the Västra Götaland County . It is situated by Kattegat , on the west coast of Sweden , and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified , primarily Dutch , trading colony , by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus . In addition to the generous privileges ( e.g . tax relaxation ) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years ' War , the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia 's largest drainage basin enters the sea , the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries . Gothenburg is home to many students , as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology . Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927 . The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city . Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 30 km ( 19 mi ) southeast of the city center . The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the city center , was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gamla Ullevi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gamla_Ullevi', 'summary': "Gamla Ullevi ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɡâmːla ˈɵ̂lːɛˌviː ] ) is a football stadium in Gothenburg , Sweden , that opened on 5 April 2009 . The stadium replaced the city 's previous main football stadium , also called Gamla Ullevi , and is the home ground of GAIS , IFK Göteborg and Örgryte IS . It is also the national stadium for the Sweden women 's national football team . The new stadium was built on the ground of the now-demolished old stadium . The construction of the stadium was surrounded by controversy , regarding the cost of the project , the alleged low standard of the finished stadium , as well as its name . The first competitive match at the stadium on 5 April 2009 was also a derby between Örgryte IS and GAIS , attracting 17,531 spectators . The current attendance record of 18,276 was , however , set about a week later when IFK Göteborg played their first game at Gamla Ullevi against Djurgårdens IF ."}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18,900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Djurgårdens IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Djurgårdens_IF_Fotboll', 'summary': "Djurgårdens IF Fotbollsförening - commonly known as Djurgårdens IF , Djurgården Fotboll ( official name ) , Djurgården ( IPA : [ ˈjʉ̂ːrˌɡoːɖɛn ] ) , and ( especially locally ) Djurgår ' n ( IPA : [ ˈjʉ̌ː ( r ) ɡɔɳ ] ) , Dif or DIF [ A ] - is the association football department of Djurgårdens IF . Founded 1891 on the island Djurgården , the club 's home ground is Tele2 Arena , situated in the Johanneshov district of Stockholm . Competing in the highest Swedish tier , Allsvenskan , the club has won the league twelve times and the cup five times . The league titles have mainly been won during three separate eras . The first period was the 1910s , when they won four league titles . The second era occurred in the 1950s and 60s , when Djurgården also won the league four times . The most recent era was the first half of the 00s when they won both the league and the cup three times . Fans of the club , called djurgårdare , are found all over Stockholm and Sweden . However , Östermalm , where Djurgården 's former home ground Stadion is situated , is by some considered the club 's heartland . Djurgården is affiliated to the Stockholms Fotbollförbund ."}]}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tele2 Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tele2_Arena', 'summary': 'Tele2 Arena ( Swedish pronunciation : [ tɛlɛˈtuː aˈrěːna , - aˈrêː- ] ) is a retractable roof multi-purpose stadium in Stockholm Globe City , Johanneshov , just south of Stockholm City Centre , Sweden . It is used mostly for concerts and football matches , hosting the home matches of Allsvenskan teams Djurgårdens IF and Hammarby IF . The arena has a capacity of 30,000 to 35,000 spectators for football matches , depending on the number of people standing , and its facilities fulfill the requirements of FIFA and UEFA for hosting international games and tournaments . When configured for concerts , the arena has a capacity of 45,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Artificial_turf', 'summary': 'Artificial turf is a surface of synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass . It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are normally played on grass . However , it is now being used on residential lawns and commercial applications as well . The main reason is maintenance - artificial turf stands up to heavy use , such as in sports , and requires no irrigation or trimming . Domed , covered , and partially covered stadiums may require artificial turf because of the difficulty of getting grass enough sunlight to stay healthy . Artificial turf does have its downside , however : limited life , periodic cleaning requirements , petroleum use , toxic chemicals from infill , and heightened health and safety concerns . Artificial turf first gained substantial attention 54 years ago in 1966 , when it was installed in the year-old Astrodome . The specific product used was ChemGrass , developed by Monsanto and rebranded as AstroTurf ; this term since then became a generic trademark for any artificial turf throughout the late 20th century . AstroTurf remains a registered trademark but is no longer owned by Monsanto . The first generation turf systems ( i.e. , short-pile fibers without infill ) of the 1960s have been largely replaced by the second generation and third generation turf systems . Second generation synthetic turf systems feature longer fibers and sand infills , and third generation systems , which are most widely used today , offer infills that are mixtures of sand and granules of recycled rubber , or rubber crumb .'}]}, {'value': '33,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Falkenbergs FF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falkenbergs_FF', 'summary': 'Falkenbergs Fotbollsförening , also known simply as Falkenbergs FF , Falkenberg or ( especially locally ) FFF , is a Swedish football club based in Falkenberg . Formed on 3 January 1928 , the club plays in the highest Swedish league , Allsvenskan . Falkenberg are affiliated with Hallands Fotbollförbund .'}]}, {'value': 'Falkenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falkenberg', 'summary': 'Falkenberg is a locality and the seat of Falkenberg Municipality , Halland County , Sweden , with 20,035 inhabitants in 2010 ( out of a municipal total of 41,000 ) . It is located at the mouth of river Ätran . The name consists of the Swedish words for falcon ( falk ) and mountain ( berg ) . Falkenberg is a popular tourist destination in the summers , and the main beach of the town is Skrea strand . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Falkenbergs IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falkenbergs_IP', 'summary': 'Falkenbergs IP is a football stadium in Falkenberg , and the former home arena for Falkenbergs FF . Falkenbergs IP has a total capacity of 5,500 spectators .'}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gefle IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gefle_IF', 'summary': "Gefle Idrottsförening , also known simply as Gefle IF , Gefle ( pronounced [ ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ ] , as if spelled Gävle ) , or locally Gif ( pronounced [ ˈɡɪfː ] ) , are a Swedish professional football club based in Gävle . The club is affiliated with Gestriklands Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Gavlevallen since the 2015 season . The club colours are blue and white . Formed on 5 December 1882 as Gefle SK , the club have played fifteen seasons in Sweden 's highest football league Allsvenskan , with the first season being 1933-34 . The club is currently playing in Division 1 , the third tier of Swedish football ."}]}, {'value': 'Gävle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gävle', 'summary': "Gävle ( pronounced [ ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Sweden , the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County . It had 100 603 inhabitants in 2017 , which makes it the 13th most populated city in Sweden . It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland ( Sweden 's Northern Lands ) , having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria . However , Gävle is far nearer the greater Stockholm region than it is to the other major settlements in Norrland . In recent years , the city has received a lot of international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw - the Gävle Goat . The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalised , usually by someone setting it on fire . The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes ."}]}, {'value': 'Strömvallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Strömvallen', 'summary': 'Strömvallen is a football stadium in Gävle , Sweden . It was the home ground of Gefle IF until 2015 . The stadium holds 6,703 people and was initially opened in 1903 , with a dedicated spectator area built in 1923 .'}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halmstads BK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halmstads_BK', 'summary': "Halmstads Bollklubb , also known simply as Halmstad ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈhǎlmsta ( d ) ] ) or ( especially locally ) HBK or Bollkubben , is a Swedish football club located in Halmstad in the county of Halland . The club , formed 7 February 1914 and approved membership in Riksidrottsförundet on 6 March 1914 , competes in the second tier of Swedish football , Superettan , and has won 4 national championship titles and 1 national cup title . HBK is a member controlled club . The club gained some European recognition in 1995 , when they defeated the successful Italian club Parma A.C. 3-0 at Gamla Ullevi ( in Gothenburg ) in the first of two matches in the Cup Winners ' Cup . However , their second encounter , in Parma , ended with a crushing 0-4 defeat , eliminating them from the tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Halmstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halmstad', 'summary': "Halmstad ( Swedish : [ ˈhâlmsta ( d ) ] ( listen ) ) is a port , university , industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan river , in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast . Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County . The city had a population of 92,797 in 2012 , out of a municipal total of over 90,000 ( 18th most populous - 2012 ) . Halmstad is Sweden 's 20th-largest city by population and located about midway between Gothenburg ( the second most populous ) and Malmö ( the third ) . Timber framing architecture is common ."}]}, {'value': 'Örjans Vall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Örjans_Vall', 'summary': 'Örjans Vall is a football stadium in Halmstad , Sweden , built in 1922 .'}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helsingborgs IF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsingborgs_IF', 'summary': 'Helsingborgs IF ( alternative spelling Hälsingborgs IF ) , commonly referred to as Helsingborg ( Swedish : [ hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) , or ( especially locally ) HIF ( IPA : [ ˈhôːiːˌɛf ] ) , is a Swedish professional football club located in Helsingborg . They played in the Swedish second tier , Superettan in 2018 , but were promoted to Allsvenskan ahead of the 2019 season . Formed in 1907 , the club has won five national championship titles and five national cup titles . Helsingborgs IF have also won Allsvenskan on two occasions when the title of Swedish champions was not decided by the outcome of that league . [ A ] Helsingborg was a founder member of Allsvenskan , and between 1924 and 1968 they spent all but two seasons in the top division , and won the league five times . At the end of the 1968 season , HIF was relegated , and while most people initially expected a quick return , they went on to spend the next 24 seasons in the lower leagues before finally getting promoted back to the top flight in 1992 . Having returned to Allsvenskan in 1993 , Helsingborg remained in the top division until 2016 , winning the league twice in 1999 and 2011 . The club is affiliated to the Skånes Fotbollförbund .'}]}, {'value': 'Helsingborg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsingborg', 'summary': "Helsingborg ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/ , US also /-bɔːr ( jə ) , -bɔːri , ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/ , Swedish : [ hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) , Danish : [ hɛlseŋˈpɒˀ ] ; spelled Hälsingborg between 1912 and 1970 ) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality , Scania , Sweden . It had 108,334 inhabitants in 2017 . Helsingborg is the centre of the northern part of western Scania and Sweden 's closest point to Denmark : the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km ( 2 mi ) to the west on the other side of the Øresund . The HH Ferry route across the sound has more than 70 car ferry departures from each harbour every day . [ citation needed ] Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906 the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized . In 1912 it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg . In preparation for the local government reform in 1971 , Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new , enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg ; this form was adopted by the Government of Sweden from 1 January 1971 . Historic Helsingborg , with its many old buildings , is a scenic coastal city . The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress ( Kärnan ) in the city centre , and more modern commercial buildings . The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways . Kullagatan , the main pedestrian shopping street in the city , was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympia_(Helsingborg)', 'summary': "Olympia , sometimes referred to as Olympiastadion ( English : Olympic Stadium ) , is a football stadium in Helsingborg , Sweden . It was opened in 1898 , but has been rebuilt in 1993 , 1997 and 2014-2017 , and has a capacity of 17,200 ( 9,673 seated and about 7,500 ground attendance stands ) . All stands can be converted into seaters , giving a capacity of around 13,000 ) . It is the home ground of Allsvenskan side Helsingborgs IF . On October 22 , 2014 the Helsingborg City Council , who owns Olympia , unanimously voted to renovate and rebuild the stadium . The construction will start after the 2014 Allsvenskan season and will be finished in early to mid 2017 . This will be the fourth updating of the arena since 1985 . Before 1985 the arena was in a dreadful state with athletic running tracks , wooden stands , and a very poor lighting system . The name of this arena has no actual connection to the Olympic Games , but since the modern Olympic 's started in 1896 and Olympia was opened two years later , it seems a possible thought that the name was influenced by the at the time renewed Olympic Games . The record for attendance is 26,154 and was set 14 May 1954 , when Helsingborgs IF played Malmö FF . In 1958 the stadium hosted two FIFA World Cup matches , and seven matches in FIFA Women 's World Cup 1995 . At the Helsingborgs IF matches Hey Jude by The Beatles is played during halftime and when Helsingborgs IF win a game What a Beautiful Day by The Levellers is played ."}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IF Brommapojkarna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IF_Brommapojkarna', 'summary': "Idrottsföreningen Brommapojkarna , more commonly known as Brommapojkarna ( meaning the Bromma boys ) or simply BP , is a Swedish football club located in the borough of Bromma , in the western parts of Stockholm municipality . Brommapojkarna is the largest football club in Europe in terms of the number of active teams of all ages - in 2007 there were 247 teams and 3,000 players . The women 's team plays in Elitettan , the Second tier . There is also a floorball department . The club is famous for its youth academy , which has produced numerous top-quality Swedish players throughout the years . The club is affiliated to the Stockholms Fotbollförbund ."}]}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grimsta IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grimsta_IP', 'summary': 'Grimsta IP is a multi-use stadium in Vällingby , Sweden . It is currently used for football matches and is the home stadium of IF Brommapojkarna . The stadium holds 5000 people after the latest expansion . The latest expansion took place between 2015 and 2017 with the construction of the new stand that cost 57 million kronor , it includes also the construction of new locker rooms , a new press stand and a new bar . The new stand , with more than 2000 seats , fulfills the requirement of the Swedish football association for having the license for playing in Superettan and Allsvenskan . The inauguration of the New Grimsta IP was celebrated on 8 April 2017 with the Superettan football game between IF Brommapojkarna and Örgryte ( 3-0 ) in front of 1,722 spectators .'}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IF Elfsborg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IF_Elfsborg', 'summary': "Idrottsföreningen Elfsborg , more commonly known as IF Elfsborg or simply Elfsborg ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɛ̌lfsbɔrj ] ) , is a professional football club based in Borås , Sweden , and is affiliated to the Västergötlands Fotbollförbund . They play in the Allsvenskan and have spent most of their history in the top tier of Swedish football . Their homeground is Borås Arena , where they have played since 17 April 2005 . The club was founded in 1904 by a group of 19 youngsters which all were 14-15 years old . Borås Fotbollslag was formed in Ordenshuset at Landala ( today Knalleland ) on 26 June 1904 . The main protagonist in the formation , Carl Larson , who in addition to football also practiced athletics and wrestling . Claimed the reason was that the main sports club in the city , Borås Athletic and Sports Society , would not exert football in their program . Carl Larson , however , found that there were too many clubs containing the city name Borås which contributed to the name change in 1906 by Riksidrottsförbundet to the current , IF Elfsborg . The name is derived from Älvsborg County where instead of making use of the modern spelling Älvsborg , they used out of the older spelling with an E. The same goes for the club colours , reflected in their crest and kit , yellow and black . Colors that are taken from Älvsborg Regiment , Elfsborg would not only represent a city but a whole region . A recurring motto of the club is Vi Tillsammans ( We together ) . The club 's homeground Borås Arena is also called Elfsborg Fortress , since Elfsborg is Allsvenskan home strongest team in the 2000s ( decade ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Borås', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borås', 'summary': 'Borås ( UK : /bʊˈrɔːs/ buu-RAWSS , US : /buːˈrɔːs , buːˈroʊs/ boo-RAWSS , boo-ROHSS , Swedish : [ bʊˈroːs ] ( listen ) ) is a city ( officially , a locality ) and the seat of Borås Municipality , Västra Götaland County , Sweden . It had 66,273 inhabitants in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Borås Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borås_Arena', 'summary': "The Borås Arena is a football stadium in Borås , Sweden . It is the home ground of IF Elfsborg and Norrby IF and was opened in 2005 . Borås Arena has an artificial turf pitch , GreenFields MX by GreenFields , and has a capacity of 14,500-17,800 depending on usage . Both clubs presently using the stadium previously had Ryavallen as their home ground . Until recently it was the only stadium in Allsvenskan built in the last 40 years . The arena is located in Knalleland and is very close to the newly built athletics hall Ryahallen . The first game at Borås Arena was IF Elfsborg vs Örgryte IS on 17 April 2005 in the top Swedish league , Allsvenskan . The game ended in a 1-0 victory for Elfsborg , Daniel Mobaeck scoring the goal . The current record attendance is 17,070 and was set 4 July 2005 in a game between IF Elfsborg and Kalmar FF which marked the return of both Anders Svensson and Mathias Svensson . The stadium was originally scheduled to be a tournament site for the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship , but a sponsorship conflict with Max fast food chain 's location at the stadium and official UEFA sponsor McDonald 's , plus a contractual requirement for official sponsors to have a monopoly over the stadium 's area , and a refusal to close the restaurant led to it losing its status as a site for the tournament . Borås Arena did n't only open a new era for IF Elfsborg but also for other clubs in Allsvenskan , Elfsborg was the first club to build a new arena owned by their investment company . Many other clubs have built new arenas copying the model Elfsborg set up , trying to own their arena which gives big economic resources ."}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16,899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IFK Göteborg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IFK_Göteborg', 'summary': "Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Göteborg ( officially IFK Göteborg Fotboll ) , commonly known as IFK Göteborg , IFK ( especially locally ) or simply Göteborg , is a Swedish professional football club based in Gothenburg . Founded in 1904 , it is the only club in the Nordic countries that has won one of the main UEFA competitions , having won the UEFA Cup in both 1982 and 1987 . IFK is affiliated with Göteborgs Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Gamla Ullevi . The club colours are blue and white , colours shared both with the sports society which the club originated from , Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna , and with the coat of arms of the city of Gothenburg . Besides the two UEFA Cup titles , IFK have won 18 Swedish championship titles , second most in Swedish football after Malmö FF , and have the third most national cup titles with seven . The team has qualified for four group stages of the UEFA Champions League , and reached the semi-finals of the 1985-86 European Cup . IFK Göteborg is the only club team in any sport to have won the Radiosportens Jerringpris , an award for best Swedish sports performance of the year voted by the Swedish people , for the 1982 UEFA Cup victory . IFK is the most popular football club in Sweden , with diverse country-wide support . IFK Göteborg play in the highest Swedish league , Allsvenskan , where they have played for the majority of their history . They have played in the Swedish first tier continuously since 1977 , which is the longest ongoing top-flight tenure in Sweden . The club won its first Swedish championship in 1908 , four years after the founding , and has won at least one championship title in every decade since , except the 1920s , 1970s and 2010s . IFK Göteborg 's most successful period was from 1982 to 1996 , when the team prospered in European football and won 10 out of 15 Swedish championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Gothenburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gamla Ullevi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18,900', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IFK Norrköping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IFK_Norrköping', 'summary': 'Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Norrköping , more commonly known as IFK Norrköping or simply Norrköping , is a Swedish professional football club based in Norrköping . The club is affiliated to Östergötlands Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Östgötaporten . The club colours , reflected in their crest and kit , are white and blue . Formed on 29 May 1897 , the club have won thirteen national championship titles and six national cup titles . The club plays in the highest Swedish tier , Allsvenskan , which they first won in 1943 . IFK Norrköping were most successful during the 1940s , when they won five Swedish championships and two Svenska Cupen titles under the Hungarian coach Lajos Czeizler and with players like Gunnar Nordahl and Nils Liedholm . IFK Norrköping won the 2015 Allsvenskan , their first win since 1989 , which also gave them a spot in the second qualification round of 2016-17 UEFA Champions League .'}]}, {'value': 'Norrköping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norrköping', 'summary': "Norrköping ( /ˈnɔːrtʃɜːpɪŋ/ ; Swedish : [ ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality , Östergötland County , about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm . The city has a population of 95,618 inhabitants in 2016 , out of a municipal total of 130,050 , making it Sweden 's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality . The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström , at Bråviken , an inlet of the Baltic Sea . Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city , known for its textile industry . It has several nicknames such as : Sweden 's Manchester , Peking and Surbullestan ( Surbulle [ sour bun ] was a local nickname for the textile workers , and stan is short for Staden , which means The City or The Town in Swedish ) . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Idrottsparken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Idrottsparken', 'summary': 'Nya Parken , formerly known as Norrköpings Idrottspark , also known as Östgötaporten for sponsorship reasons , is a multi-purpose stadium in Norrköping , Sweden . It opened in 1903 and is currently used mostly for football matches . It is the home arena for IFK Norrköping , IK Sleipner and for IF Sylvia . The stadium had a capacity of 19,414 people until 2008-09 when the arena was re-built . During the 1958 FIFA World Cup , it hosted some group stage matches . During the Euro 1992 , it hosted CIS - Germany ( 1-1 ) , Scotland - Germany ( 0-2 ) and Scotland - CIS ( 3-0 ) , all in Group B . In 2008-2009 the arena was rebuilt . The arena now uses Artificial grass and the capacity has decreased from 19,414 to 17,234 spectators . The new arena hosts 16 VIP booths , VIP seating for 515 spectators , three bars , two restaurants and small indoor training arena called Teknikhallen . IFK Norrköping took over the ownership of the arena in 2010 from the city council of Norrköping in a 308.5 million SEK purchase . From its opening in 1904 until its renovation in 2009 , the arena had been known as Norrköpings Idrottspark , but after the renovation the name was changed to Nya Parken . In 2016 , the arena changed name for the third time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,734', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kalmar FF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalmar_FF', 'summary': "Kalmar Fotbollsförening , more commonly known as Kalmar FF , Kalmar or ( especially locally ) KFF , is a Swedish professional football club based in Kalmar . The club is affiliated to Smålands Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Guldfågeln Arena . Formed on 10 January 1910 as IF Göta , the club have won one national championship title ( 2008 ) and three national cup titles ( 1981 , 1987 & 2007 ) . Kalmar FF 's local rivals are Kalmar AIK and Östers IF ."}]}, {'value': 'Kalmar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalmar', 'summary': "Kalmar ( /ˈkælmɑːr/ , also US : /ˈkɑːlmɑːr/ , Swedish : [ ˈkǎlmar ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the southeast of Sweden , situated by the Baltic Sea . It had 36,392 inhabitants in 2010 and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality . It is also the capital of Kalmar County , which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 236,399 inhabitants ( 2015 ) . From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries , Kalmar was one of Sweden 's most important cities . Between 1602 and 1913 it was the episcopal see of Kalmar Diocese , with a bishop , and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is still a fine example of classicistic architecture . It became a fortified city , with the Kalmar Castle as the center . After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 , Kalmar 's importance diminished , until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century . The city is home to parts of Linnaeus University . Kalmar is adjacent to the main route to the island of Öland over the Öland Bridge ."}]}, {'value': 'Guldfågeln Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guldfågeln_Arena', 'summary': "Guldfågeln Arena is a football stadium in Kalmar , Sweden and the home of Allsvenskan club Kalmar FF . The stadium is located in the area known as Hansa City , in the North West of Kalmar . The arena opened to the public on March 15 , 2011 . Kalmar FF 's first competitive match at the stadium was played on 11 April 2011 against Djurgårdens IF . Guldfågeln Arena is also one of the arenas used for the UEFA Women 's Euro 2013 , as Kalmar Arena , with three matches in the preliminaries as well as one quarter final ."}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,182', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malmö FF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malmö_FF', 'summary': 'Malmö Fotbollförening , commonly known as Malmö FF , Malmö , or MFF , is the most successful football club in Sweden in terms of trophies won . Formed in 1910 and affiliated with the Scania Football Association , Malmö FF are based at Eleda Stadion in Malmö , Scania . The club have won the most Swedish championship titles , 20 , a record 23 league titles , and a record 14 national cup titles . [ A ] The club won their first Championship in 1944 . The powerhouse of Swedish football in recent years , Malmö FF also saw glory in the 1970s , winning five Swedish championships and four Svenska Cupen titles . What is more , MFF is the only club from the Nordic countries to have reached the final of the European Cup , the predecessor of the UEFA Champions League . They were runners-up in the 1979 European Champions Cup final , which they lost 1-0 to English club Nottingham Forest . For this feat , Malmö FF were awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal . Malmö FF is also the only Nordic club to have been represented at the Intercontinental Cup ( succeeded by FIFA Club World Cup ) in which they competed for the 1979 title . Malmö FF are the leaders of the overall Allsvenskan table maratontabellen where Malmö FF is the team that has scored the most goals and won the most matches , despite having played fewer seasons than other teams . In recent years the team qualified for two consecutive group stages of the Champions League in 2014 and 2015 . In 2019 , Malmö played in the knockout stage of the UEFA Europa League , losing 5-1 on aggregate against eventual champions Chelsea .'}]}, {'value': 'Malmö', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malmö', 'summary': 'Malmö ( /ˈmælmoʊ , ˈmɑːlmɜː/ ; Swedish : [ ˈmâlmøː ] ( listen ) ; Danish : Malmø [ ˈmælmˌøˀ ] ) is the largest city of the Swedish county of Skåne County , the third-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm and Gothenburg , and the sixth-largest city in Scandinavia , with a population of 316,588 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 338,230 in 2018 . The Malmö Metropolitan Region is home to over 700,000 people , and the Øresund Region , which includes Malmö , is home to 4 million people . Malmö was one of the earliest and most industrialized towns of Scandinavia , but it struggled with the adaptation to post-industrialism . Since the construction of the Öresund Bridge , Malmö has undergone a major transformation , producing new architectural developments , supporting new biotech and IT companies , and attracting students through Malmö University and other higher education facilities . The city contains many historic buildings and parks , and is also a commercial center for the western part of Scania .'}]}, {'value': 'Swedbank Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swedbank_Stadion', 'summary': "Eleda Stadion is a football stadium in Malmö , Sweden and the home of Allsvenskan club Malmö Fotbollförening , commonly known as Malmö FF . In UEFA competitions , the stadium has also been known as Malmö New Stadium and formerly known as Swedbank Stadion for sponsorship reasons as well as Stadion . The stadium was named after Swedish based banking group Swedbank , which owned its naming rights between 2007 and 2017 . Apart from being the home of Malmö FF , Stadion has also hosted senior and youth international matches . The stadium is the third largest used by a Swedish football club , behind AIK 's Friends Arena and Djurgårdens IF 's and Hammarby IF 's Tele2 Arena , both located in Stockholm . In league matches , the stadium has a capacity of 22,500 , of which 18,000 are seated , and 4,500 are standing . In European matches , the 4,500 standing places are converted to 3,000 seats , making the stadium a 21,000-capacity all-seater . Stadion opened in April 2009 , and replaced Malmö Stadion , where Malmö FF had been based since 1958 . The new ground was originally budgeted to cost 398 million kronor , but ultimately cost 695 million kronor ( €79.7 ) . It is a UEFA category 4-rated stadium , and is thus able to host all UEFA club competition matches , except for finals . The ground 's record attendance , 24,148 , was set in an Allsvenskan match between Malmö FF and Mjällby AIF on 7 November 2010 : in this match , Malmö FF won 2-0 and clinched that year 's national championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mjällby AIF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mjällby_AIF', 'summary': "Mjällby Allmänna Idrottsförening , also known simply as Mjällby AIF , Mjällby or ( especially locally ) MAIF , is a Swedish professional football club based in Hällevik . The club is affiliated to Blekinge Fotbollförbund and play its home games at Strandvallen . The club colours , reflected in their crest and kit , are yellow and black . Formed on 1 April 1939 , the club have played eight seasons in Sweden 's highest football league Allsvenskan , the club 's first season in the league was in 1980 . The club are currently playing in Superettan ( 2nd level ) . With eight seasons in the top division Allsvenskan most recent in 2014 , Mjällby AIF is the most successful football team from the province of Blekinge . Former Sweden national football team players Christian Wilhelmsson and Mattias Asper began their careers at the club . Both players also ended their playing careers in Mjällby ."}]}, {'value': 'Mjällby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mjällby', 'summary': 'Mjällby is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality , Blekinge County , Sweden with 1,254 inhabitants in 2010 . It is located on the Listerlandet peninsula . The town has traditionally lived of fishing . The nearby harbour of Nogersund is the third largest fishery harbour in Sweden . The fishery industry is also dominant on the peninsula . Listerlandet is also the fur farming centre of Sweden . Fur farming is currently under heavy political debate in Sweden . Mjällby is known for its football team which has played in the Swedish national football league a few times . Among footballfans in Sweden the team of Mjällby AIF is known as the team that always returns . In September 2009 the team once again qualified for the highest division and played five seasons in Allsvenskan before being relegated at the end of the 2014 season . The mathematician Lars Hörmander was born in Mjällby . A suburb of the town built by a local housing company was unofficially known for around 40 years by locals as Negerby ( Negro village ) because of the black chimneys on the houses .'}]}, {'value': 'Strandvallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Strandvallen', 'summary': 'Strandvallen is a multi-use stadium in Hällevik , Sweden . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Mjällby AIF . The stadium holds 7,000 people and was built in 1953 .'}]}, {'value': 'Natural', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Åtvidabergs FF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Åtvidabergs_FF', 'summary': 'Åtvidabergs Fotbollförening , also known simply as Åtvidabergs FF , Åtvidaberg , Åtvid or ( especially locally ) ÅFF , is a Swedish professional football club based in Åtvidaberg . The club is affiliated with Östergötlands Fotbollförbund and plays their home games at Kopparvallen . The club colours , reflected in their crest and kit , are blue and white . Formed on 1 July 1907 as Åtvidabergs IF , the club was most successful during the 1970s when they won two national championship titles and two national cup titles . With a population of around 7,000 , Åtvidaberg is the smallest town ever to bring home a Swedish league title . They currently play in Division 1 , where the season lasts from April to November .'}]}, {'value': 'Åtvidaberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Åtvidaberg', 'summary': 'Åtvidaberg is a locality and the seat of Åtvidaberg Municipality , Östergötland County , Sweden with 6,859 inhabitants in 2010 . The name is a compound word which can be translated as towards wide mountains or , jokingly , ate wide mountains , thanks to the homonym nature of the Swedish word åt .'}]}, {'value': 'Kopparvallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kopparvallen', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Örebro SK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Örebro_SK', 'summary': "Örebro Sportklubb , more commonly known as Örebro SK , Örebro or ( especially locally ) ÖSK , are a Swedish professional football club based in Örebro . The club are affiliated to Örebro Läns Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Behrn Arena . The club colours are black and white . Formed on 28 October 1908 the club have played 50 seasons in Sweden 's highest football league Allsvenskan , the club 's first season in the league was in 1946-47 ."}]}, {'value': 'Örebro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Örebro', 'summary': 'Örebro ( /ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO , Swedish : [ œrɛˈbruː ] ( listen ) ) is a city with 124,027 inhabitants , the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden . It is the sixth largest city in Sweden and one of the largest inland hubs of the country . It is located near the lake of Hjälmaren , although a few kilometres inland along the small river Svartån . Örebro is home to Örebro University , a major university hospital , a medieval castle , the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset-Rynningeviken nature reserve at the lakefront .'}]}, {'value': 'Behrn Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Behrn_Arena', 'summary': "Behrn Arena , mostly known by its previous name Eyravallen , is a football stadium in Örebro , Sweden and home stadium for Örebro SK in Swedish top flight Allsvenskan . The stadium holds 12,645 people and was built in 1923 . The stadium has been developed during the last couple of years . The attendance record at the arena was against the local rival of Degerfors IF having 20,066 people watching the game 8 June 1961 , and the record in the modern-day arena is 12,523 being during the game against Hammarby IF , on 13 May 2018 . The stadium 's grass is astroturf since 2003 , and Örebro was the first top-flight club in Sweden to have that playing surface . This was in part due to the harsher winters in Örebro compared to coastal and further southern areas . Football club KIF Örebro and American football club Örebro Black Knights also became tenants of the stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Artificial', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,129', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Stadia and locations', 'section_text': 'AIKBK HäckenHalmstads BKHelsingborgs IFIF ElfsborgIFK NorrköpingMalmö FFKalmar FFÅtvidabergs FFDjurgårdens IFIFK GöteborgGefle IFMjällby AIFÖrebro SKFalkenbergs FFIF Brommapojkarna Locations of the 2014 Allsvenskan teams', 'uid': '2014_Allsvenskan_0', 'intro': 'The 2014 Allsvenskan, part of the 2014 Swedish football season, was the 90th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. The 2014 fixtures were released on 20 December 2013. The season started on 30 March 2014 and concluded on 1 November 2014. Malmö FF were the defending champions from the 2013 season. Malmö FF won the Swedish championship this season, their 21st Allsvenskan title and 18th Swedish championship overall, in the 27th round on 5 October 2014 when they won 3-2 in the away fixture against AIK at Friends Arena. Malmö FF became the first club to defend a Swedish championship by winning consecutive Allsvenskan titles since Djurgårdens IF in the 2003 season. A total of 16 teams contested the league; 14 returning from the 2013 season and two that were promoted from Superettan.'}
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In which stadium is the team that were league champions 2018 ?
Friends Arena
fea516e62c600347
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KF_Tirana', 'title': 'KF Tirana', 'header': ['', 'Player', 'Apps'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elvis Sina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elvis_Sina', 'summary': 'Elvis Sina ( born 14 November 1978 ) is an Albanian former footballer . He has successfully played for Tirana in the Albanian Superliga , and for the Albanian national team . He begun his career as a midfielder , but as the years passed he was utilized in defence firstly as right-back and later as a centre-back . Sina is the most-capped player in the history of Tirana with more than 470 appearances in all competitions .'}]}, {'value': '392', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arben Minga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arben_Minga', 'summary': 'Arben Minga ( 16 March 1959 - 31 January 2007 ) was an Albanian professional footballer , who played as a striker and later in his final years as a centre-back . He was known as Beni i modh ( Big Ben ) .'}]}, {'value': '387', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blendi Nallbani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blendi_Nallbani', 'summary': 'Blendi Nallbani ( born 30 May 1971 in Tiranë ) is a retired Albanian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper . Nallbani was a member of the Albanian national team prior to his international retirement in 2002 . Nicknamed Tata , he is the youngest player to play for the national team only aged 17 at Wembley . He also holds many records , such as most Albanian Superleague winner and the player with the most matches in Albanian Superleague .'}]}, {'value': '310', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nevil Dede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevil_Dede', 'summary': 'Nevil Thanas Dede ( born 10 January 1975 ) is an Albanian professional football coach and former player who is the current manager of Albania U19 women . A centre-back , Dede spent most of his club career with his hometown club Tirana , winning a string of trophies , including 8 championships , being one of the most decorated players . Dede has also been an Albanian international , representing Albania in 30 matches . He was also named Albanian Footballer of the Year in 2006 . After retiring early on in the 2009-10 season , Dede was appointed assistant manager of Tirana . Since then , Dede did not settle any teams , managing in quick succession Laçi , Tirana once again , Luftëtari Gjirokastër and Kastrioti Krujë and Albania U19 women where he was the inaugural head coach . In 2018 , after one year four years without managing a club , he was named new manager of Erzeni .'}]}, {'value': '299', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agustin Kola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agustin_Kola', 'summary': "Agustin Kola ( born 10 May 1959 ) , is an Albanian professional football coach and retired player . He played most of his career at 17 Nëntori Tirana where he established himself as one of the greatest strikers of his generation , winning several individual and collective awards . Towards the end of his career , Kola moved for the first time abroad following the fall of communism , by signing with Greece 's Egaleo alongside compatriot Adrian Barbullushi . He played there for only one season before returning to the renamed KF Tirana once again to play until his retirement ."}]}, {'value': '298', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erando Karabeci', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erando_Karabeci', 'summary': 'Erando Karabeci ( born 6 September 1988 ) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tirana in the Albanian Superliga . He mainly operates in the centre of midfield , but he can also play out wide as well as in a more defensive role in the midfield .'}]}, {'value': '264', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rezart Dabulla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rezart_Dabulla', 'summary': 'Rezart Dabulla ( born 24 October 1979 in Tirana , nicknamed : Dabi ) is an Albanian retired football player . His main position was centre-back but he could also play as a left full-back .'}]}, {'value': '245', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ervin Bulku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ervin_Bulku', 'summary': 'Ervin Bulku ( Albanian pronunciation : [ ervin bulku ] , born 3 March 1981 ) is an Albanian retired professional footballer and current caretaker manager of the Albania national team . He was a Utility player and played in many positions such as central midfielder , defensive midfielder , right midfielder and even right defender for the Albania national team in years 2002-2015 and in the club level with Tirana where he started and ended his career after playing for various club outside such as Kryvbas in Ukraine , Hajduk Split in Croatia , AZAL Baku in Azerbaijan and Sepahan in Iran .'}]}, {'value': '235', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eldorado Merkoçi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eldorado_Merkoçi', 'summary': 'Eldorado Merkoçi ( born 6 January 1978 in Tirana ) is an Albanian retired football player . He spent most of his playing career at KF Tirana , making over 200 appearances for the club and scoring a total of 40 goals .'}]}, {'value': '222', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indrit Fortuzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indrit_Fortuzi', 'summary': 'Indrit Shaban Fortuzi ( born 23 November 1973 ) is an Albanian retired national football forward who has played almost all his career for Tirana .'}]}, {'value': '214', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'KF_Tirana_Presidents_0', 'intro': "Klubi i Futbollit Tirana is an Albanian football club based in the country's capital city, Tirana. The men's football club is part of the multi-disciplinary sports club SK Tirana, and is the most successful in Albania, having won 51 recognized major domestic trophies. They play their home games at the Selman Stërmasi Stadium in Tirana and they play in the Albanian Superliga. The club was founded on 15 August 1920 as Shoqata Sportive Agimi (in English: Agimi Sports Association) and they had since participated in all the top tier national championships ever held in Albania. However the ninth-place finish in the 2016-17 season relegated the club to the Albanian First Division (second-tier) for the first time in their history. They have competed under the name of SK Tirana between 1927 and 1947, when the communist regime forcibly renamed the club 17 Nëntori Tirana, Puna Tirana and KS 17 Nëntori. In 1991 KF Tirana retook its pre-1947 name and was divided into two branches, the multi disciplinary SK Tirana and the football branch of KF Tirana. KF Tirana is the most successful Albanian team in European competitions, having progressed from the first rounds on 11 occasions since making their European debut in the 1965-66 European Cup. They reached Round of 16 in European Competitions four times, three such in the European Cup (now Champions League) alone in 1980s. The club also holds the record of being the highest ever ranking Albanian club according to IFFHS, having been ranked 31st in the world in 1987, following good results in their 1986-87 campaign. In addition, KF Tirana is an ECA member."}
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What team does the player with 299 appearances currently coach ?
Albania U19 women
fea53dcd920d96a5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cincinnati', 'title': 'Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati', 'header': ['Name', 'Gender', 'Location', 'Ownership'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishop_Alter_High_School', 'summary': 'Archbishop Alter High School , also known as Alter High School , is a Catholic high school in Kettering , Ohio , United States . It is operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati and is named after Archbishop Karl Joseph Alter .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kettering', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kettering,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Kettering is a city in Montgomery and Greene counties in the U.S. state of Ohio , almost entirely in Montgomery County . It is a suburb of Dayton . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 56,163 , making it the largest suburb in the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Badin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Father_Stephen_T._Badin_High_School', 'summary': 'Stephen T. Badin High School , ( commonly known as Badin High School ) is a Catholic high school of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati school system , serving grades nine through twelve in Hamilton , Ohio . It is a comprehensive high school which admits students of all levels of ability . Curriculum is offered on four distinct levels . 96% of Badin graduates continue their education . The student-to-teacher ratio is 15:1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamilton,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Hamilton is a city in and the county seat of Butler County , Ohio , United States . Located 20 miles ( 32 km ) north of Cincinnati , Hamilton is the second largest city in the Greater Cincinnati area . The population was 62,447 at the 2010 census . Hamilton is governed under a council-manager form of government ; the current mayor is Patrick Moeller and the city manager is Joshua Smith . Most of the city is served by the Hamilton City School District . Hamilton has three designated National Historic Districts : Dayton Lane , German Village , and Rossville . The industrial city is seeking to revitalize through the arts ; it was officially declared the City of Sculpture in 2000 . Its initiative has attracted many sculpture installations to the city , which founded the Pyramid Hill Sculpture Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Interparochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carroll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carroll_High_School_(Dayton,_Ohio)', 'summary': 'Carroll High School is a private , coeducational high school located in Dayton , Ohio , United States . It is run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati . It is sometimes referred to as Archbishop Carroll High School or Dayton Carroll .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dayton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio', 'summary': "Dayton ( /ˈdeɪtən/ ) is the sixth-largest city in the state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County . A small part of the city extends into Greene County . The 2018 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 140,640 , while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 803,416 residents . This makes Dayton the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 63rd in the United States . Dayton is within Ohio 's Miami Valley region , just north of Greater Cincinnati . Ohio 's borders are within 500 miles ( 800 km ) of roughly 60 percent of the country 's population and manufacturing infrastructure , making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers , suppliers , and shippers . Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial , aeronautical , and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations . Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community . With the decline of heavy manufacturing , Dayton 's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors . Along with defense and aerospace , healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area 's economy . Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $ 6.8 billion . It is estimated that Premier Health Partners , a hospital network , contributes more than $ 2 billion a year to the region through operating , employment , and capital expenditures ."}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catholic Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catholic_Central_School_(Springfield,_Ohio)', 'summary': "Catholic Central School is a private , Roman Catholic school in Springfield , Ohio . Part of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati , Catholic Central provides education for grades PreK-12 at three campuses . It was recently ranked as one of the Top 50 Catholic Schools in the Nation . The school 's sports teams are known as the Fighting Irish ."}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Springfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Springfield is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Clark County . The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Mad River , Buck Creek , and Beaver Creek , approximately 45 miles ( 72 km ) west of Columbus and 25 miles ( 40 km ) northeast of Dayton . Springfield is home to Wittenberg University , a liberal arts college . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 60,608 , The Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 138,333 residents . and the Dayton-Springfield-Greenville , OH Combined Statistical Area had 1,072,891 residents . The Little Miami Scenic Trail , a paved rail-trail that is nearly 80 miles long , extends from the Buck Creek Scenic Trail head in Springfield south to Newtown , Ohio ( near Cincinnati ) . It has become popular with hikers and cyclists . In 1983 , Newsweek magazine featured Springfield in its 50th-anniversary issue , entitled , The American Dream . It chronicled the effects of changes of the previous 50 years on five local families . In 2004 , Springfield was chosen as an All-America City . In the 2010s , Springfield ranked low among cities in the state and nation for indicators such as health , happiness , and well-being .'}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chaminade-Julienne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chaminade-Julienne_High_School', 'summary': 'Chaminade Julienne Catholic High School is a private , co-educational , center-city , Catholic high school . It is located in downtown Dayton , in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is owned and operated by the Society of Mary and the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur . It is named after Blessed William Joseph Chaminade and St. Julie Billiart .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dayton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio', 'summary': "Dayton ( /ˈdeɪtən/ ) is the sixth-largest city in the state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County . A small part of the city extends into Greene County . The 2018 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 140,640 , while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 803,416 residents . This makes Dayton the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 63rd in the United States . Dayton is within Ohio 's Miami Valley region , just north of Greater Cincinnati . Ohio 's borders are within 500 miles ( 800 km ) of roughly 60 percent of the country 's population and manufacturing infrastructure , making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers , suppliers , and shippers . Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial , aeronautical , and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations . Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community . With the decline of heavy manufacturing , Dayton 's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors . Along with defense and aerospace , healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area 's economy . Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $ 6.8 billion . It is estimated that Premier Health Partners , a hospital network , contributes more than $ 2 billion a year to the region through operating , employment , and capital expenditures ."}]}, {'value': 'Marianists , Srs . of Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marianists)', 'summary': 'The Society of Mary , a Roman Catholic Marian Society , is a congregation of brothers and priests called the Marianists or Marianist Brothers and Priests . The society was founded by William Joseph Chaminade , a priest who survived the anti-clerical persecution during the French Revolution . The society is one of the four branches of the Marianist Family . Along with the other branches , the Marianist Brothers and Priests look to Mary as a model of faith and spirituality . They believe that the best ways to live a spiritual life are to share their faith with others , work with the poor , and educate and nourish the mind , the body , and the soul .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sisters_of_Notre_Dame_de_Namur', 'summary': 'The Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur are a Roman Catholic institute of religious sisters , founded to provide education to the poor . The institute was founded in Amiens , France , in 1804 , but the opposition of the local bishop to missions outside his diocese led to the moving of headquarters to Namur , Belgium , in 1809 ( then occupied by Napoleon ) , from which it spread to become a worldwide organization . The Sisters now have foundations in five continents and in 20 countries . Members of the order are identified by the post-nominal letters SNDdeN ( less often SNDN or SND ) . These should not be confused with the School Sisters of Notre Dame ( SSND ) of Bavarian origin .'}]}, {'value': 'DePaul Cristo Rey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePaul_Cristo_Rey_High_School', 'summary': 'DePaul Cristo Rey High School ( DPCR ) is a private , college-preparatory high school located in the Clifton neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . The non-diocesan school , which opened June 5 , 2011 , is one of 37 Catholic high schools that serve the Archdiocese of Cincinnati . Named after St. Vincent de Paul , it is operated by the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati as the 25th member of the Cristo Rey Network of work-study schools that target students from low-income families who could not otherwise afford a college education .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Srs . of Charity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Cincinnati', 'summary': 'The Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati were founded in 1852 by Mother Margaret Farrell George , by the separation of the community from the Sisters of Charity in Emmitsburg , Maryland . the motherhouse of the community is at Mount Saint Joseph , Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Elder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elder_High_School', 'summary': 'Elder High School is an all-male , college-preparatory high school in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio . The high school has been in existence for nearly 100 years , and is a diocesan high school within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati .'}]}, {'value': 'Male', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Interparochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fenwick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishop_Fenwick_High_School_(Franklin,_Ohio)', 'summary': 'Bishop Fenwick High School is a parochial high school in Franklin , Ohio , USA .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middletown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middletown,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Middletown is a city located in Butler and Warren counties in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio , about 29 miles ( 47 km ) northeast of Cincinnati . Formerly in Lemon , Turtlecreek , and Franklin townships , Middletown was incorporated by the Ohio General Assembly on February 11 , 1833 , and became a city in 1886 . The population of Middletown as of the 2010 census was 48,694 . It is a major city in the Cincinnati-Middletown , OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau . The city was the home of AK Steel Holding Corporation ( formerly Armco ) , a major steel works founded in 1900 . Although offices were moved to nearby West Chester Township in 2007 , the AK Steel factory is still in Middletown . Middletown is also home to Hook Field Municipal Airport ( airport code MWO ) , which was formerly served by commercial airlines but is currently only for general aviation . A regional campus of Miami University is located in Middletown . In 1957 , Middletown was designated as an All-America City .'}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Salle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Salle_High_School_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)', 'summary': 'La Salle High School is a Catholic , all-male , archdiocesan high school in Cincinnati , Ohio , USA . The school was opened September 6 , 1960 and named in honor of Jean-Baptiste de La Salle , a French priest and educational reformer . The school was officially dedicated May 14 , 1961 . It was founded by the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Male', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lehman Catholic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lehman_Catholic_High_School', 'summary': 'Lehman Catholic High School is a co-educational , Roman Catholic high School owned and operated by the Archdiocese of Cincinnati and located in Sidney , Ohio . The school history dates back to 1889 as Holy Angels High School , and the current school was named after the Right Reverend Monsignor Edward C. Lehman during the 1970 consolidation of Holy Angels and Piqua Catholic High Schools . The Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati have served the school since 1889 . As of 2017 [ update ] , the school principal is Denise Stauffer .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sidney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sidney,_Ohio', 'summary': "Sidney is a city in Shelby County , Ohio , United States approximately 36 mi ( 58 km ) north of Dayton and 100 mi ( 161 km ) south of Toledo . The population was 21,229 at the 2010 census . It is named after English poet Sir Philip Sidney and is the county seat of Shelby County . As well , many of the city 's elementary schools are also named after famous writers , such as Emerson , Longfellow and Whittier . Sidney was the recipient of the 1964 All-America City Award . In 2009 , it was the subject of the documentary film 45365 ."}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McNicholas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishop_McNicholas_High_School', 'summary': 'Archbishop McNicholas High School is a coed school in the neighborhood of Mt . Washington in Cincinnati , Ohio , USA . The school was opened in 1951 and named in honor of John T. McNicholas , Archbishop of Cincinnati . In 1915 , St. Joseph Academy , an all-girls academy , was opened as a day and boarding school operated by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Medaille . In 1950 , Archbishop John T. McNicholas designated the academy would become the first co-ed parochial high school in Cincinnati . Archbishop McNicholas died defore the school was opened and his successor , Archbishop Karl J . Alter approved on January 15 , 1951 that the school be named for Archbishop McNicholas . The school was purchased from the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati in 1998 . The geographic district of Archbishop McNicholas High School is on the eastern side of Hamilton County and extends into Clermont and Brown Counties .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Interparochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercy McAuley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercy_McAuley_High_School', 'summary': 'Mercy McAuley High School is an all-girls Catholic high school in the College Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . Sponsored by the Sisters of Mercy of the Americas , it is one of five all-girls high schools in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati , enrolling young women from all over the Cincinnati area and parts of Indiana . It is designated a National Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education . Mercy McAuley formed from the 2018 merger of Mother of Mercy High School and McAuley High School and is located at the former McAuley campus .'}]}, {'value': 'Female', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Interparochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moeller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moeller_High_School', 'summary': 'Moeller High School ( /ˈmoʊlər/ MOH-lər ) , known as Moeller , is a private , all-male , college-preparatory high school in the suburbs of Cincinnati , in Hamilton County , Ohio . It is currently one of five all-male Catholic high schools in the Cincinnati area .'}]}, {'value': 'Male', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Marianist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Notre_Dame_High_School', 'summary': 'Mount Notre Dame High School ( often abbreviated MND or Mt . Notre Dame ) is a private , all-female , college-preparatory high school in Reading , a city in Hamilton County , Ohio , north of Cincinnati , Ohio . Founded in 1860 , Mount Notre Dame originally was a boarding school known for its excellence in education . The school is one of five all-female Catholic high schools in the Cincinnati area and the only one that is run by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur as a part of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati .'}]}, {'value': 'Female', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Interparochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Purcell Marian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Purcell_Marian_High_School', 'summary': 'Purcell Marian High School is a parochial high school in the East Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , United States , based in the Marianist Tradition . It is located in the DeSales Corner business district , along Madison Road . Purcell Marian is a Roman Catholic , co-educational high school serving a multi-racial student body of many faiths with differing backgrounds and educational needs . It is chartered by the state of Ohio and accredited by North Central Association of Schools . Urban in its environment , it is supervised by the Archdiocese of Cincinnati and administered and staffed by lay and religious , primarily the Society of Mary and the Sisters of Charity . As of 2017 [ update ] , enrollment is 326 students . For sports the Cavaliers compete in the Greater Catholic League .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Archdiocesan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalmont Academy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royalmont_Academy', 'summary': 'Royalmont Academy is a private PK-12 Catholic school located in Mason , Ohio , United States . The non-diocesan school is located within the Archdiocese of Cincinnati . Royalmont is divided into a half-day and all-day preschool , a kindergarten-8th grade division , and the Royalmont Academy Classical Preparatory High School . As of 2017 [ update ] , 106 students are enrolled at Royalmont , including 50 in the high school division , plus 17 in the preschool .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mason', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mason,_Ohio', 'summary': "Mason is a city in southwestern Warren County , Ohio , United States , approximately 22 miles ( 35 km ) from downtown Cincinnati . As of the 2010 census , Mason 's population was 30,712 . Mason is home to Kings Island amusement park and one of the largest tennis stadiums in the world , the Lindner Family Tennis Center , home of the Western & Southern Open , one of the world 's top tennis tournaments for both men and women ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roger Bacon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roger_Bacon_High_School', 'summary': 'Roger Bacon High School is a high school in St. Bernard , Ohio , United States , based in the Franciscan tradition . This high school was dedicated in 1928 , and was under the administration of and staffed by the Brothers and Priests of the Order of Friars Minor , and lay men and women . The school was named in honor of Roger Bacon , a Franciscan friar and English philosopher who placed considerable emphasis on empiricism , and has been presented as one of the earliest advocates of the modern scientific method . Our Lady of Angels High School was the sister school to Roger Bacon , and was located several hundred yards northeast from campus . OLA was also dedicated in 1928 , and due to changing demographics and smaller enrollment , closed its doors for good after the graduating class of 1984 . ( Google Earth lists OLA , even though the school has closed and the building has been torn down . ) That year , Roger Bacon High School became co-educational , and Roger Bacon welcomed the Our Lady of Angels students and alumnae into their family . The class of 1988 was the first four-year co-ed class to graduate from Roger Bacon High School .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Interparochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seton_High_School_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)', 'summary': 'Seton High School is a parochial all-female , college-preparatory high school in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , USA .'}]}, {'value': 'Female', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Parochial', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Rita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Rita_School_for_the_Deaf', 'summary': 'St. Rita School for the Deaf is an independent Roman Catholic school located in the village of Evendale , near Cincinnati , Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Co-ed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Ursula Academy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Ursula_Academy_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)', 'summary': "St. Ursula Academy , located in the East Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati , Ohio , is a Catholic college-preparatory high school for young women that offers an intensive four-year program in the fields of English , mathematics , science , social studies , French , Spanish , Latin , and religion . An entrance test is required of all prospective freshmen students . Academic scholarships are also based on the results of this test . The school 's Educational Services Program ( ESP ) assists girls with learning disabilities ."}]}, {'value': 'Female', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent ( Ursulines )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Education', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cincinnati_0', 'intro': 'The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati (Latin: Archidioecesis Cincinnatensis) covers the southwest region of the U.S. state of Ohio, including the greater Cincinnati and Dayton metropolitan areas. The Archbishop of Cincinnati is Most Rev. Dennis Marion Schnurr.'}
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What was the gender of the school loacted in cincinatti and was founded in 1960 ?
Female
fea5527ac0f83b76
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cheeses', 'title': 'List of cheeses', 'header': ['Name', 'Region', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Brussels cheese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brussels_cheese', 'summary': "Brussels cheese ( French : fromage de Bruxelles Dutch : Brusselse kaas ) is made from cow 's milk and is considered a table cheese that is used for spreading and snacks . In texture it is smooth , with its taste being sharp and citrusy , with strong and salty bite . The cheese is regularly washed and dried over a period of at least three months , and is shaped into rounds or tubs ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Made from cow 's milk , it has a smooth texture and a sharp and citrus flavor , along with a strong and salty bite", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milk', 'summary': "Milk is a nutrient-rich , white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals . It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals ( including humans who are breastfed ) before they are able to digest other types of food . Early-lactation milk contains colostrum , which carries the mother 's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases . It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose . Interspecies consumption of milk is not uncommon , particularly among humans , many of whom consume the milk of other mammals . As an agricultural product , milk , also called dairy milk , is extracted from farm animals during or soon after pregnancy . Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011 , from 260 million dairy cows . India is the world 's largest producer of milk , and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder , yet it exports few other milk products . The ever-increasing rise in domestic demand for dairy products and a large demand-supply gap could lead to India being a net importer of dairy products in the future . New Zealand , Germany and the Netherlands are the largest exporters of milk products . China and Russia were the world 's largest importers of milk and milk products until 2016 when both countries became self-sufficient , contributing to a worldwide glut of milk . Throughout the world , more than six billion people consume milk and milk products ."}]}, {'value': 'Chimay cheeses', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chimay_Brewery', 'summary': 'Chimay Brewery ( Brasserie de Chimay ) is a brewery at Scourmont Abbey , a Trappist monastery in Chimay , Hainaut , Belgium , one of the eleven breweries worldwide that produce Trappist beer . They make three ales : Chimay Rouge , Chimay Bleue , and Chimay Blanche ; and one patersbier for the monks . The monastery also makes four varieties of cheese .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brands , and varieties , of cheeses produced by Chimay Brewery , some soaked in Chimay Ale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chimay_Brewery', 'summary': 'Chimay Brewery ( Brasserie de Chimay ) is a brewery at Scourmont Abbey , a Trappist monastery in Chimay , Hainaut , Belgium , one of the eleven breweries worldwide that produce Trappist beer . They make three ales : Chimay Rouge , Chimay Bleue , and Chimay Blanche ; and one patersbier for the monks . The monastery also makes four varieties of cheese .'}]}, {'value': 'Herve cheese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herve_cheese', 'summary': "Herve is a Belgian rind washed soft cheese made from raw cow 's milk . The aging process takes place in ripening cellars of the Herve countryside , sometimes cut into its chalky rock . Herve comes from the Belgian town of the same name , which was part of the Duchy of Limburg . It has been produced since the 15th century . Other variants of pungent and soft Limburger cheeses are now made in many countries , using the name derived from the old Duchy . It is sometimes flavored with herbs . Herve has a pale yellow interior with a glossy reddish-brown coating created by the bacteria that grow during its 3-month aging . It is usually shaped into a brick when sold . The taste and flavor of the cheese deepens during the period of ripening . When young , the interior is sweet , and with age it becomes spicy . Because it is so strong , Herve is best eaten with dark breads and beers . It is often regarded as one of the most popular cheeses in Belgium ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "An aged cheese made from unpasteurized cow 's milk . It is traditionally aged in humid caves", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cave', 'summary': 'A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground , specifically a space large enough for a human to enter . Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground . The word cave can also refer to much smaller openings such as sea caves , rock shelters , and grottos , though strictly speaking a cave is exogene , meaning it is deeper than its opening is wide , and a rock shelter is endogene . Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment . Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called caving , potholing , or spelunking .'}]}, {'value': 'Le Wavreumont', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Made by Fromagerie des Ardennes , which is in Ferrières , Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ferrières,_Belgium', 'summary': 'Ferrières is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège . On January 1 , 2006 , Ferrières had a total population of 4,449 . The total area is 56.90 km² with a population density of 78 inhabitants per km² .'}]}, {'value': "Produced from cow 's milk , this cheese is semi-soft and its coloration varies from yellow to ivory depending upon the season in which its produced", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limburger cheese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Limburger_cheese', 'summary': 'Limburger ( in southern Dutch contexts Rommedoe , and in Belgium Herve cheese ) is a cheese that originated in the Herve area of the historical Duchy of Limburg , which had its capital in Limbourg-sur-Vesdre , now in the French-speaking Belgian province of Liège . The cheese is especially known for its strong smell caused by the bacterium Brevibacterium linens .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Originated during the 19th century in the historical Duchy of Limburg , which is now divided among modern-day Belgium , Germany , and Netherlands . The cheese is especially known for its pungent odor . One of the most traditional forms of eating Limburger is the Limburger sandwich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg', 'summary': "The Duchy of Limburg or Limbourg was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire . Its main territory including the capital , the fortified town of Limbourg-sur-Vesdre , is today located within the Belgian province of Liège , with a small part in the neighbouring province of Belgian Limburg , within the east of Voeren . The Duchy evolved from a county which was first assembled under the lordship of a junior member of the House of Ardennes , Frederick , and he also built and apparently named the fortified town , which the county , and later the Duchy , were named after . Despite being a younger son , Frederick had a successful career and became Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1046 . Lordship of this county was not originally automatically linked with possession of a ducal title ( Herzog in German , Hertog in Dutch ) , and the same title also eventually contested by counts of Brabant , leading to the invention of two new Ducal titles : Brabant and Limbourg . The extinction of the line of Frederick 's grandson Henry in 1283 sparked the War of the Limburg Succession , whereafter Limburg was ruled by the Dukes of Brabant in personal union , eventually being grouped together with the Brabantian Overmaas territories bordering it ( including Dalhem , Valkenburg , and Hertogenrade ) , to be one of the Seventeen Provinces of the Burgundian Netherlands . Unlike other parts of this province , the lands of the duchy stayed intact within the Southern Netherlands , under Habsburg control , after the divisions caused by the Eighty Years ' War and the War of the Spanish Succession . However finally , after the failed Brabant Revolution in 1789 , the duchy 's history was terminated with the occupation by French Revolutionary troops in 1793 . These lands were reunited within modern Belgium only after World War I . The duchy was multilingual , being the place where Dutch , French , and German dialects border upon each other and coexist at their geographical extremes , both now and in medieval times . Its northern and eastern borders are the approximate boundaries of the modern state of Belgium with the Netherlands and Germany , at their tripoint . The eastern part , which includes Eupen , is the administrative capital and northernmost part of the modern Belgian German-speaking Ostkantonen ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)', 'summary': 'Limburg ( /ˈlɪmbɜːrɡ/ , Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈlɪmbʏrɣ ] ( listen ) ; Dutch and Limburgish : Limburg ; French : Limbourg ) is a province in Belgium . It is the easternmost of the five Dutch-speaking provinces that together form the Region of Flanders , one of the three main political and cultural sub-divisions of modern Belgium . Limburg is located west of the river Meuse ( Dutch : Maas ) , upon which it borders the similarly named Dutch province Limburg . It also borders on the Wallonian province of Liège to the south , with which it also has historical ties . To the north and west are the old territories of the Duchy of Brabant . Today these are the Flemish provinces of Flemish Brabant and Antwerp to the west , and the Dutch province of North Brabant to the north . The province of Limburg has an area of 2,427 km2 ( 937 sq mi ) which comprises three arrondissements ( arrondissementen in Dutch ) containing 44 municipalities . Among these municipalities are the current capital Hasselt , Sint-Truiden , Genk , and Tongeren , the only Roman city in the province , and regarded as the oldest city of Belgium . As of January 2019 , Limburg has a population of 874,048 . The municipality of Voeren is geographically detached from Limburg and the rest of Flanders , with the Netherlands to the north and the Walloon province of Liège to the south . This municipality was established by the municipal reform of 1977 and on 1 January 2008 with its six villages had a total population of 4,207 . Its total area is 50.63 km2 ( 19.55 sq mi ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/County_of_Limburg', 'summary': 'Hagen-Hohenlimburg ( formerly known as Limburg an der Lenne , changed to Hohenlimburg in 1903 ; Westphalian : Limmerg ) , on the Lenne river , is a borough of the city of Hagen in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . Hohenlimburg was formerly the chief town of the county of Limburg-Hohenlimburg in medieval Germany , first documentary mentioned 1230 , and belonged to the counts of Limburg . In the 13th century , Dietrich I of Isenberg recovered a small territory out of the previous possessions of his father Friedrich II of Isenberg , built a castle and took the title of count of Limburg , a family which still lives today in Belgium and the Netherlands . Later Hohenlimburg passed to the counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg . As of 1911 , the castle of Hohenlimburg , which overlooks the town , was the residence of Prince Adolf of Bentheim-Tecklenburg . Also as of 1911 , the town was involved in iron and metal industries , and dyeing , cloth-making and linenweaving also took place . The population in 1905 was 12,790 , and its 2004 population was 27,337 . Hohenlimburg station is on the Ruhr-Sieg railway and is served by two lines , Regional-Express service RE 16 ( Ruhr-Sieg-Express ) from Essen via Hagen to Siegen or Iserlohn and Regionalbahn service RB 91 ( Ruhr-Sieg-Bahn ) from Hagen to Siegen or Iserlohn , both running hourly . Wilhelm Böing ( 3 May 1846 - 10 January 1890 ) , who emigrated in 1868 from Hohenlimburg to the USA and became a timber merchant in Detroit , was the father of William Boeing , founder of the Boeing company . Liévin , a town in northern France , was twinned with Hohenlimburg in 1962 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)', 'summary': "Limburg ( /ˈlɪmbɜːrɡ/ , Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈlɪmbʏrx ] ( listen ) ; Dutch and Limburgish : ( Nederlands- ) Limburg ) is the southernmost of the 12 provinces of the Netherlands . The province is in the southeastern part of the country , stretched out from the north , where it touches the province of Gelderland . Its northern part has the province of North Brabant to its west . Its long eastern boundary is the international border with the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Much of the west border runs along the River Maas , bordering the Flemish province of Limburg . On the south end it has borders with the Walloon province of Liège . The Vaalserberg is on the extreme south-eastern point , marking the tripoint of the Netherlands , Germany and Belgium . Limburg 's major cities are the provincial capital Maastricht ( pop . 121,565 ) , as well as Venlo ( pop . 101,603 ) in the Northeast , and Sittard-Geleen ( pop . 92,661 ) and Heerlen ( pop . 86,832 ) in the south ."}]}, {'value': 'Maredsous cheese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maredsous_cheese', 'summary': "Maredsous is a semi-hard loaf-shaped washed-rind cheese made from cow 's milk . It is suitable for slicing , and characterised by an orange coloured rind . The cheese has been produced at Maredsous Abbey in Belgium since 1953 . The cheese is lightly pressed , then washed in brine to create the firm , orange crust and pungent aroma . Each cheese is washed by hand every two days , starting with the older cheeses . The water used for the washing of the older cheeses picks up the appropriate bacteria which are then transferred to the younger cheeses when the same water is used for washing these . The maturing process in the cellar takes place over 22 days . Maredsous is now an industrially produced cheese , produced by Groupe Bel . It was formerly matured in the abbey cellars where the even temperature of 12 °C ( 54 °F ) and the 95% humidity favour the micro-organisms that transform the raw curd into cheese . The only cheeses still manufactured at the abbey are in the traditional sizes of 390g , 800g and 2.5kg . The abbey currently makes seven varieties : Maredsous Tradition , Mi-Vieux ( half old ) , Fumé ( smoked ) , Fondu ( fondue ) , Frais ( the fresh cheese ) , Light , and Fagotin ."}]}, {'value': 'Produced at Maredsous Abbey in Denée , Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maredsous_Abbey', 'summary': 'Maredsous Abbey is a Benedictine monastery at Denée near Namur in Belgium . It is a founding member of the Annunciation Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Denée,_Belgium', 'summary': 'Denée ( Dinêye in Walloon ) is a Belgian village , since 1977 part of the municipality of Anhée in the province of Namur . Maredsous Abbey is located nearby .'}]}, {'value': "A loaf-shaped cheese made from cow 's milk . The cheese is lightly pressed , then washed in brine to create the firm , orange crust and pungent aroma", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Passendale cheese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Passendale_cheese', 'summary': 'Passendale cheese , named for Passendale , the village where it originated , is one of the best-known cheeses of Belgium . Regular Passendale cheese is produced in two versions , Classic and Prelude . There is also a premium version , Passendale Bel Age . Passendale Cheese resembles a loaf of bread , with a round shape , and a hard but edible brown rind with spots of white . Inside , the flesh is golden , dotted with small holes and very creamy . It has a firm and damp consistency , slightly sweet bouquet and mild flavor .'}]}, {'value': 'Passendale , Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Passendale', 'summary': 'Passendale ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈpɑsə ( n ) daːlə ] ) or Passchendaele ( /ˈpæʃəndeɪl/ ; obsolete spelling , retained in English ; West Flemish : Passchendoale ) is a rural Belgian village in the Zonnebeke municipality of West Flanders province . It is close to the town of Ypres , situated on the hill ridge separating the historical wetlands of the Yser and Leie valleys . It is also commonly known as a battlefield and the name of a campaign during World War I , the Battle of Passchendaele .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Named after Passendale , the village where it originated , it is one of the best-known cheeses in Belgium . It resembles a loaf of bread and has a round shape and a hard , but edible brown rind with spots of white . Inside , the flesh is golden , dotted with small holes and very creamy . It has a firm and damp consistency , slightly sweet bouquet and mild flavor . The regular Passendale cheese exists in two variations called Passendale Classic and Passendale Prelude', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Remoudou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Remoudou', 'summary': "Remoudou , or in wallon r'moûdou , is a Belgian cheese from the Land of Herve . It derives its name from the use of milk from a second milking performed 15 minutes after the usual milking . Hence the Wallon verb rimoûd meaning to re-milk . This cheese weighs 200 to 500 g. When it is washed with salt it gets a strong taste , and when washed with milk it keeps a mild taste . It is often sold in pieces . It used to be called angelot and was offered as a gift . Sometimes called Fromage de Herve ( cheese of Herve ) , it was stored fresh by Belgian merchants and sold in distant lands . Remoudou was present at the Leipzig and Frankfurt fairs in the 17th century , where it was traded by Herve men for Holstein cattle , and in Lorraine where the Herve merchants were called haverlings ."}]}, {'value': 'Land of Herve , Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Land_of_Herve', 'summary': 'The Pays de Herve ( Land of Herve ) is a 420 km² natural region of Wallonia , between the Vesdre and Meuse rivers and the borders separating Belgium from the Netherlands and Germany . The region is named after the ancient town of Herve , which is at its centre . Economically the Pays de Herve mainly has an agricultural character . The region is known for Herve cheese .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'It derives its name from the use of milk removed 15 minutes after the usual milking . Hence the wallon verb rimoûd meaning to re-milk . This cheese weighs 200 to 500g . When it is washed with salt it gets a strong taste , and when it is washed with milk it keeps a mild taste . It is often sold in pieces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milking', 'summary': 'Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of cattle , water buffalo , humans , goats , sheep and more rarely camels , horses and donkeys . Milking may be done by hand or by machine , and requires the animal to be currently or recently pregnant . The milker may refer either to the animal that produces the milk or the person who milks said animal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walloon_language', 'summary': "Walloon ( /wɒˈluːn/ ; natively walon ) is a Romance language that is spoken in much of Wallonia in Belgium , in some villages of northern France ( near Givet ) and in the northeast part of Wisconsin , US until the mid 20th century and in some parts of Canada . [ citation needed ] It belongs to the langue d'oïl language family , whose most prominent member is the French language . The historical background of its formation was the territorial extension since 980 of the Principality of Liège to the south and west . Despite its rich literature , beginning anonymously in the 16th century and with well-known authors since 1756 , the use of Walloon has decreased markedly since France 's annexation of Wallonia in 1795 . This period definitively established French as the language of social promotion , far more than it was before . After World War I , public schools provided French-speaking education to all children , inducing a denigration of Walloon , especially when accompanied by official orders in 1952 to punish its use in schools . Subsequently , since the middle of the 20th century , generational transmission of the language has decreased , resulting in Walloon almost becoming a dead language . Today it is scarcely spoken among younger people , with vast majority of its native speakers being the elderly ( aged 65 and over ) . In 1996 , the number of people with knowledge of the language was estimated at between 1 and 1.3 million . Numerous associations , especially theatre companies , are working to keep the language alive . Formally recognized as a langue régionale endogène ( regional indigenous language ) of Belgium since 1990 , Walloon has also benefited from a continued corpus planning process . The Feller system ( 1900 ) regularized transcription of the different accents ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Verb', 'summary': 'A verb , from the Latin verbum meaning word , is a word ( part of speech ) that in syntax conveys an action ( bring , read , walk , run , learn ) , an occurrence ( happen , become ) , or a state of being ( be , exist , stand ) . In the usual description of English , the basic form , with or without the particle to , is the infinitive . In many languages , verbs are inflected ( modified in form ) to encode tense , aspect , mood , and voice . A verb may also agree with the person , gender or number of some of its arguments , such as its subject , or object . Verbs have tenses : present , to indicate that an action is being carried out ; past , to indicate that an action has been done ; future , to indicate that an action will be done .'}]}, {'value': 'Rodoric', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liège , Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liège_(city)', 'summary': 'Liège ( /liˈɛʒ , liˈeɪʒ/ lee-EZH , lee-AYZH , French : [ ljɛʒ ] ( listen ) , locally [ li.eʃ ] ; Walloon : Lidje Walloon : [ liːtʃ ] ( listen ) ; Dutch : Luik [ lœyk ] ( listen ) ; German : Lüttich [ ˈlʏtɪç ] ) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège . The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse , in the east of Belgium , not far from borders with the Netherlands ( Maastricht is about 33 km ( 20.5 mi ) to the north ) and with Germany ( Aachen is about 53 km ( 32.9 mi ) north-east ) . At Liège , the Meuse meets the River Ourthe . The city is part of the sillon industriel , the former industrial backbone of Wallonia . It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region . The Liège municipality ( i.e . the city proper ) includes the former communes of Angleur , Bressoux , Chênée , Glain , Grivegnée , Jupille-sur-Meuse , Rocourt , and Wandre . In November 2012 , Liège had 198,280 inhabitants . The metropolitan area , including the outer commuter zone , covers an area of 1,879 km2 ( 725 sq mi ) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008 . This includes a total of 52 municipalities , among others , Herstal and Seraing . Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium , after Brussels and Antwerp , and the fourth municipality after Antwerp , Ghent and Charleroi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'An aged cheese made from unpasteurized goat milk that is traditionally aged in humid caves . When young , the interior is sweet , with age the flavor becomes spicy', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Europe -- Belgium', 'section_text': 'See also : Belgian cuisine', 'uid': 'List_of_cheeses_17', 'intro': "This is a list of cheeses by place of origin. Cheese is a milk-based food that is produced in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms. Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging. Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. The yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is normally formed from adding annatto. While most current varieties of cheese may be traced to a particular locale, or culture, within a single country, some have a more diffuse origin, and cannot be considered to have originated in a particular place, but are associated with a whole region, such as queso blanco in Latin America. Cheese is an ancient food whose origins predate recorded history. There is no conclusive evidence indicating where cheesemaking originated, either in Europe, Central Asia or the Middle East, but the practice had spread within Europe prior to Roman times and, according to Pliny the Elder, had become a sophisticated enterprise by the time the Roman Empire came into existence. In this list, types of cheeses are included; brand names are only included if they apply to a distinct variety of cheese."}
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Which municipality is this village located in where the cheese that resembles a loaf of bread with a round shape is produced ?
Zonnebeke municipality
fea7be5a68e73efa
hybridqa
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foreign_recipients_of_the_Knight's_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross", 'title': "List of foreign recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross", 'header': ['Name', 'Country', 'Rank', 'Unit', 'Date of award', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Mihail Lascăr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mihail_Lascăr', 'summary': "Mihail Lascăr ( Romanian pronunciation : [ mihaˈil ˈlaskər ] ; born November 8 , 1889 in Târgu Jiu , Romania ; died July 24 , 1959 in Bucharest , Romania ) was a Romanian General during World War II and Romania 's Minister of Defense from 1946 to 1947 . After graduating from the Infantry Officer School in 1910 with the rank of 2nd lieutenant , he fought in the Second Balkan War and in World War I , being promoted to major . He became colonel in 1934 , and brigadier general in 1939 . On January 10 , 1941 , he was appointed commanding officer of the 1st Mountain Brigade , an elite military unit of the Third Army . On June 22 , 1941 , Operation Barbarossa ( the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and its allies ) commenced , with the Mountain Brigade entering Northern Bukovina . From there , Lascăr and his unit swung East , crossing the rivers Dniester , Bug , and Dnieper . He fought in the Battle of the Azov Sea , and then in the Battle of Crimea , remaining in charge of the Mountain Brigade until February 10 , 1942 . On March 11 , 1942 , he took charge of the 6th Division of the Romanian Third Army , and fought at the Battle of Stalingrad . After the Romanian front was broken at the Battle of Stalingrad , General Lascăr took command of the remains of the Romanian Third Army kept fighting for 4 days . He was taken prisoner on November 22 , 1942 , spending the years 1943-1945 in captivity in the Soviet Union . On April 12 , 1945 , Lascăr became commander of the Horia , Cloșca și Crișan Division ; the political commissar attached to this Soviet-organized unit was the Communist activist Valter Roman . On September 12 , 1945 , Lascăr was named commander of the Fourth Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Major General ( General de divizie )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_General', 'summary': "Major general ( abbreviated MG , maj. gen. and similar ) is a military rank used in many countries . It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general . The disappearance of the sergeant in the title explains the apparently confusing phenomenon whereby a lieutenant general outranks a major general while a major outranks a lieutenant . In the Commonwealth and the United States , it is a division commander 's rank subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general . In the Commonwealth , major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral , and in air forces with a separate rank structure , it is equivalent to air vice-marshal . In some countries , including much of Eastern Europe , major general is the lowest of the general officer ranks , with no brigadier-grade rank ."}]}, {'value': '6th Infantry Division of the 3rd Romanian Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_Army_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The 3rd Army ( Armata a 3-a Română ) was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s . It fought as part of the German Army Group B during World War II , in Ukraine , the Crimea , and the Caucasus . General Petre Dumitrescu commanded 3rd Army for a period .'}]}, {'value': '22 November 1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agustín Muñoz Grandes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agustín_Muñoz_Grandes', 'summary': 'Agustín Muñoz Grandes ( 27 January 1896 - 11 July 1970 ) was a Spanish general , and politician , vice-president of the Spanish Government and minister with Francisco Franco several times ; also known as the commander of the Blue Division between 1941 and 1942 .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lieutenant General', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lieutenant_General', 'summary': 'Lieutenant general , lieutenant-general and similar ( abbrev Lt Gen , LTG and similar ) is a three-star military rank ( NATO code OF-8 ) used in many countries . The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages , where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second in command on the battlefield , who was normally subordinate to a captain general . In modern armies , lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general ; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral , and in air forces with a separate rank structure , it is equivalent to air marshal . A lieutenant general commands an army corps , made up of typically three army divisions , and consisting of around 60,000-70,000 soldiers ( U.S. ) . The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general ( whereas a major outranks a lieutenant ) is due to the derivation of the former rank from sergeant major general , which was also subordinate to lieutenant general . In some countries ( e.g . France and Italy ) , the ranks of corps general or lieutenant colonel general are used instead of lieutenant general , in an attempt to solve this apparent anomaly - these ranks are often translated into English as lieutenant general . [ citation needed ] However , some countries of Latin America such as Brazil and Chile use divisional general as the equivalent of lieutenant general . In addition , because no brigadier general rank is used in Japan , lieutenant general is the rank of divisional commander . Therefore , it corresponds to divisional general of these countries . In a number of smaller states which employ NATO and western style military organizational structures , because of the limited number of soldiers in their armies , the rank of lieutenant general is the highest army rank in use . In Latvia , Lithuania and Singapore , the chief of defence is a lieutenant general , and in the Irish Defence Forces and Israel Defense Forces , the Chief of Staff holds this rank .'}]}, {'value': 'Blue Division ( 250 . Infantry Division )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Division', 'summary': 'The Blue Division ( Spanish : División Azul , German : Blaue Division ) , officially designated as División Española de Voluntarios by the Spanish Army and as 250 . Infanterie-Division in the German Army , was a unit of Spanish volunteers and conscripts who served ( 1941-1944 ) in the German Army on the Eastern Front during the Second World War . The Blue Division was the only component of the German Army to be awarded a medal of their own , commissioned by Hitler in January 1944 after the Division had demonstrated its effectiveness in impeding the advance of the Red Army . Blue Division casualties throughout the Soviet-German conflict totaled 22,700 ( 3,934 battle deaths , 570 disease deaths , 326 missing or captured , 8,466 wounded , 7,800 sick , and 1,600 frostbitten ) . In action against the Blue Division , the Red Army suffered 49,300 casualties .'}]}, {'value': '13 December 1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Isoroku Yamamoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto', 'summary': 'Isoroku Yamamoto ( 山本 五十六 , Yamamoto Isoroku , April 4 , 1884 - April 18 , 1943 ) was a Japanese Marshal Admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) and the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II until his death . Yamamoto held several important posts in the IJN , and undertook many of its changes and reorganizations , especially its development of naval aviation . He was the commander-in-chief during the early years of the Pacific War and oversaw major engagements including the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Midway . He was killed when American code breakers identified his flight plans , enabling the United States Army Air Forces to shoot down his plane . His death was a major blow to Japanese military morale during World War II .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fleet Admiral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet', 'summary': 'An admiral of the fleet or fleet admiral ( sometimes also known as admiral of the navy or grand admiral ) is a military naval officer of the highest rank . In many nations the rank is reserved for wartime or ceremonial appointments . It is usually a rank above admiral ( which is now usually the highest rank in peacetime for officers in active service ) , and is often held by the most senior admiral of an entire naval service . It is also a generic term for a senior admiral in command of a large group of ships , comprising a fleet or , in some cases , a group of fleets . If actually a rank , its name can vary depending on the country . In addition to fleet admiral and admiral of the fleet , such rank names include admiral of the navy and grand admiral . [ Note 1 ] It ranks above vice admiral , rear admiral and usually full admiral , and is usually given to a senior admiral commanding multiple fleets as opposed to just one fleet . It is often classified in NATO nations as a five-star rank . [ citation needed ] Admiral of the fleet is equivalent to an army field marshal . It is also equivalent to a marshal of the air force which in many countries has a similar rank insignia to admiral of the fleet .'}]}, {'value': 'Commander-in-chief of the IJN Combined Fleet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commander-in-chief', 'summary': "A commander-in-chief , also called supreme commander , is the person that exercises supreme command and control over an armed forces or a military branch . As a technical term , it refers to military competencies that reside in a country 's executive leadership - a head of state or a head of government . Often , a commander-in-chief role if held by an official , need not be or have been a commissioned officer or even a veteran . Such countries follow the principle of civilian control of the military ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy', 'summary': "The Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ; Kyūjitai : 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai : 大日本帝国海軍 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun ( help·info ) Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire , or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun , Japanese Navy ) was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945 , when it was dissolved following Japan 's surrender in World War II . The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ( JMSDF ) was formed circa 1952-1954 after the dissolution of the IJN . The Imperial Japanese Navy was the third largest navy in the world by 1920 , behind the Royal Navy and the United States Navy ( USN ) . It was supported by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for aircraft and airstrike operation from the fleet . It was the primary opponent of the Western Allies in the Pacific War . The origins of the Imperial Japanese Navy go back to early interactions with nations on the Asian continent , beginning in the early medieval period and reaching a peak of activity during the 16th and 17th centuries at a time of cultural exchange with European powers during the Age of Discovery . After two centuries of stagnation during the country 's ensuing seclusion policy under the shōgun of the Edo period , Japan 's navy was comparatively backward when the country was forced open to trade by American intervention in 1854 . This eventually led to the Meiji Restoration . Accompanying the re-ascendance of the Emperor came a period of frantic modernization and industrialization . The navy had several successes , sometimes against much more powerful enemies such as in the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War , before being largely destroyed in World War II ."}]}, {'value': '27 May 1943 *', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awarded Swords 27 May 1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corneliu Teodorini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corneliu_Teodorini', 'summary': "Corneliu Teodorini ( 18 September 1893 in Craiova , Romania - 10 July 1976 in Bucharest , Romania ) was a Romanian general during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ."}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Brigadier General ( General de brigadă )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brigadier_General', 'summary': 'Brigadier general ( Brig . Gen. ) or brigade general is a senior rank in the armed forces . It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries , usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general . When appointed to a field command , a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000 troops ( four battalions ) . In some countries a brigadier general is informally designated as a one-star general ( OF-6 ) . In some countries , this rank is given the name of brigadier , which is usually equivalent to brigadier general in the armies of nations that use the rank . The rank can be traced back to the militaries of Europe where a brigadier general , or simply a brigadier , would command a brigade in the field . The rank name général de brigade ( which translates as brigade general ) was first used in the French revolutionary armies . In the first quarter of the 20th century , British and Commonwealth armies used the rank of brigadier general as a temporary appointment , or as an honorary appointment on retirement ; in the 1920s this practice changed to the use of brigadier , which was not classed as a general officer . Some armies , such as Taiwan and Japan , use major general as the equivalent of brigadier general ( See also Japan & Taiwan for details. ) . Some of these armies then use the rank of colonel general to make four general-officer ranks . [ citation needed ] Mexico uses the ranks of both General brigadier and General de brigada .'}]}, {'value': '6th Cavalry Division', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 December 1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petre Dumitrescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petre_Dumitrescu', 'summary': 'Petre Dumitrescu ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈPetre Dumiˈtresku ] ; 18 February 1882 - 15 January 1950 ) was a Romanian general during World War II who led the Romanian Third Army on its campaign against the Red Army in the eastern front .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Lieutenant General ( General de armată )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lieutenant_General', 'summary': 'Lieutenant general , lieutenant-general and similar ( abbrev Lt Gen , LTG and similar ) is a three-star military rank ( NATO code OF-8 ) used in many countries . The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages , where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second in command on the battlefield , who was normally subordinate to a captain general . In modern armies , lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general and above major general ; it is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral , and in air forces with a separate rank structure , it is equivalent to air marshal . A lieutenant general commands an army corps , made up of typically three army divisions , and consisting of around 60,000-70,000 soldiers ( U.S. ) . The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general ( whereas a major outranks a lieutenant ) is due to the derivation of the former rank from sergeant major general , which was also subordinate to lieutenant general . In some countries ( e.g . France and Italy ) , the ranks of corps general or lieutenant colonel general are used instead of lieutenant general , in an attempt to solve this apparent anomaly - these ranks are often translated into English as lieutenant general . [ citation needed ] However , some countries of Latin America such as Brazil and Chile use divisional general as the equivalent of lieutenant general . In addition , because no brigadier general rank is used in Japan , lieutenant general is the rank of divisional commander . Therefore , it corresponds to divisional general of these countries . In a number of smaller states which employ NATO and western style military organizational structures , because of the limited number of soldiers in their armies , the rank of lieutenant general is the highest army rank in use . In Latvia , Lithuania and Singapore , the chief of defence is a lieutenant general , and in the Irish Defence Forces and Israel Defense Forces , the Chief of Staff holds this rank .'}]}, {'value': '3rd Romanian Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_Army_(Romania)', 'summary': 'The 3rd Army ( Armata a 3-a Română ) was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s . It fought as part of the German Army Group B during World War II , in Ukraine , the Crimea , and the Caucasus . General Petre Dumitrescu commanded 3rd Army for a period .'}]}, {'value': '4 April 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mineichi Koga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mineichi_Koga', 'summary': "Mineichi Koga ( 古賀 峯一 , Koga Mineichi , 25 September 1885 - 31 March 1944 ) was a Japanese Marshal Admiral and commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy 's Combined Fleet ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fleet Admiral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet', 'summary': 'An admiral of the fleet or fleet admiral ( sometimes also known as admiral of the navy or grand admiral ) is a military naval officer of the highest rank . In many nations the rank is reserved for wartime or ceremonial appointments . It is usually a rank above admiral ( which is now usually the highest rank in peacetime for officers in active service ) , and is often held by the most senior admiral of an entire naval service . It is also a generic term for a senior admiral in command of a large group of ships , comprising a fleet or , in some cases , a group of fleets . If actually a rank , its name can vary depending on the country . In addition to fleet admiral and admiral of the fleet , such rank names include admiral of the navy and grand admiral . [ Note 1 ] It ranks above vice admiral , rear admiral and usually full admiral , and is usually given to a senior admiral commanding multiple fleets as opposed to just one fleet . It is often classified in NATO nations as a five-star rank . [ citation needed ] Admiral of the fleet is equivalent to an army field marshal . It is also equivalent to a marshal of the air force which in many countries has a similar rank insignia to admiral of the fleet .'}]}, {'value': 'Japanese Chief of Fleet', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 May 1944 *', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Killed in action 31 March 1944', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Killed_in_action', 'summary': 'Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived .'}]}, {'value': 'Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim', 'summary': "Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim ( Swedish pronunciation : [ kɑːɭ ˈɡɵ̂sːtav ˈěːmɪl ˈmânːɛrˌhejm ] ( listen ) ; 4 June 1867 - 27 January 1951 ) was a Finnish military leader and statesman . Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War , Regent of Finland ( 1918-1919 ) , commander-in-chief of Finland 's defence forces during World War II , Marshal of Finland , and the sixth president of Finland ( 1944-1946 ) . Mannerheim made a career in the Imperial Russian Army , rising to the rank of lieutenant general . He also had a prominent place in the ceremonies for Tsar Nicholas II 's coronation and later had several private meetings with the Tsar . After the Bolshevik revolution , Finland declared its independence but was soon embroiled in civil war between the pro-Bolshevik Reds and the Whites , who were the troops of the Senate of Finland , supported by troops of the German Empire . Mannerheim was appointed the military chief of the Whites . Twenty years later , when Finland was twice at war with the Soviet Union from November 1939 until September 1944 , Mannerheim successfully led the defence of Finland as commander-in-chief of the country 's armed forces . In 1944 , when the prospect of Germany 's defeat in World War II became clear , Mannerheim was elected President of Finland and oversaw peace negotiations with the Soviet Union and the UK . He resigned the presidency in 1946 and died in 1951 . In a Finnish survey 53 years after his death , Mannerheim was voted the greatest Finn of all time . Given the broad recognition in Finland and elsewhere of his unparalleled role in establishing and later preserving Finland 's independence from Russia , Mannerheim has long been referred to as the father of modern Finland , and the Finnish capital Helsinki 's Mannerheim Museum memorializing the leader 's life and times has been called the closest thing there is to a [ Finnish ] national shrine . In addition , he is the only Finn to have held the rank of field marshal , an honorary rank bestowed upon especially distinguished generals ."}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Marshal of Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marshal_of_Finland', 'summary': "In Finnish Defence Forces Field Marshal ( Finnish : Sotamarsalkka ( lit . War Marshal ) , Swedish : Fältmarskalk ) is officially not an active military rank but an honorary rank that can be bestowed upon 'especially distinguished generals ' . So far the only holder of this title has been Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim , then Chairman of the Defence Council , who received it on 19 May 1933 by the decision of the State Council . Baron Gustaf Mannerheim ( 1867-1951 ) served as Regent 1918-1919 and President of the Republic 1944-1946 . Lieutenant General Mannerheim had commanded the White Army in the Finnish Civil War in 1918 , and his promotion to field marshal had already been suggested in 1928 , the 10th anniversary of the end of the War . Back then the proposal was rejected as 'too warlike ' - and there was also fears that such promotion would prove politically controversial - but Mannerheim was nevertheless given an unofficial marshal 's baton by the Civil War 's White veterans . Five years later the political climate was more favourable , and the State Council decided to bestow Mannerheim the rank of field marshal . The decision was kept in secret , and came as a pleasant surprise to Mannerheim . He observed In a little ultrademocratic country it could seem quite pretentious to indulge in the luxury of a field marshal , but also admitted that it was not so frightful when the marshal costs the state nothing . [ citation needed ] It is not known why field marshal never became a substantive rank rather than honorary one , but this distinction caused Mannerheim some consternation at the time . He had to pay a substantial stamp duty of 4000 Finnish marks . [ citation needed ] Mannerheim 's secretary at the Defence Council , the then Lieutenant Colonel Aksel Airo , tried to make the Defence Forces or Ministry of Defence foot the bill ."}]}, {'value': 'President and Commander-in-chief of Finnish Defense Forces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/President_of_Finland', 'summary': "The President of the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavallan presidentti , Swedish : Republiken Finlands president ) is the head of state of Finland . Under the Constitution of Finland , executive power is vested in the President and the Finnish Government , with the former possessing only residual powers . The President is directly elected by universal suffrage for a term of six years . Since 1994 , no President may be elected for more than two consecutive terms . The President must be a Finnish citizen by birth . The Presidential office was established in the Constitution Act of 1919 . Elected in 2012 and re-elected in 2018 , the current President is Sauli Niinistö . Finland has , for most of its independence , had a semi-presidential system in which the president had much authority and power over both foreign and domestic policy ( the best examples of this are from the tenure of President Urho Kekkonen ) , but in the late 20th and early 21st centuries , the powers of the President have been subject to decrease . In constitutional amendments , which came into effect in 1991 , 2000 , and 2012 , the President 's powers have been reduced . The President still leads the nation 's foreign politics in conjunction with the Government , and is the commander-in-chief of the Finnish Defence Forces ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Commander-in-chief', 'summary': "A commander-in-chief , also called supreme commander , is the person that exercises supreme command and control over an armed forces or a military branch . As a technical term , it refers to military competencies that reside in a country 's executive leadership - a head of state or a head of government . Often , a commander-in-chief role if held by an official , need not be or have been a commissioned officer or even a veteran . Such countries follow the principle of civilian control of the military ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Finnish_Defense_Forces', 'summary': "The Finnish Defence Forces ( Finnish : Puolustusvoimat , Swedish : Försvarsmakten ) are responsible for the defence of Finland . A universal male conscription is in place , under which all men above 18 years of age serve for 165 , 255 , or 347 days . Alternative non-military service for all men , and volunteer service for all women are possible . Finland is the only non-NATO European Union state bordering Russia . Finland 's official policy states that a wartime military strength of 280,000 personnel constitutes a sufficient deterrent . The army consists of a highly mobile field army backed up by local defence units . The army defends the national territory and its military strategy employs the use of the heavily forested terrain and numerous lakes to wear down an aggressor , instead of attempting to hold the attacking army on the frontier . Finland 's defence budget equals approximately €3.2 billion or 1.3% of GDP . The voluntary overseas service is highly popular and troops serve around the world in UN , NATO and EU missions . Homeland defence willingness against a superior enemy is at 76% , one of the highest rates in Europe . In war time the Finnish Border Guard ( which is its own military unit in peacetime ) will become part of the Finnish Defence Forces ."}]}, {'value': '5 August 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Léon Degrelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Léon_Degrelle', 'summary': 'Léon Joseph Marie Ignace Degrelle ( French : [ dəgʁɛl ] ; 15 June 1906 - 31 March 1994 ) was a Belgian politician and one of the most important Nazi collaborators and Holocaust denialists from Belgium . Degrelle rose to prominence in the 1930s as the leader of the Catholic authoritarian Rexist Party in Belgium . During the German occupation in World War II , he enlisted in the German army and fought in the Walloon Legion on the Eastern Front . After the collapse of the Nazi regime , Degrelle went into exile in Francoist Spain where he remained a prominent figure in neo-Nazi politics . He died nearly 40 years after being sentenced to death and losing his Belgian nationality for collaboration in 1944 .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Major ( SS-Sturmbannführer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major', 'summary': 'Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status , with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world .'}]}, {'value': '5 . SS-Freiw.-Sturm-Brig . Wallonien', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/5th_SS_Volunteer_Sturmbrigade_Wallonien', 'summary': 'The Walloon Legion ( French : Légion Wallonie ) was a collaborationist military formation recruited among French-speaking volunteers from German-occupied Belgium , notably from Brussels and Wallonia , during World War II . Created in July 1941 shortly after the German invasion of the Soviet Union , the unit was supported by the Rexist Party as a demonstration of its loyalty towards Nazi Germany . It served on the Eastern Front , initially as a unit of the Wehrmacht and , after June 1943 , in the Waffen-SS . Though sustaining heavy casualties , the unit increased from battalion to brigade and eventually division-size before surrendering to the British in April 1945 .'}]}, {'value': '27 August 1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Recipients -- Recipients of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves", 'section_text': "The Knight 's Cross with Oak Leaves was based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940 .", 'uid': "List_of_foreign_recipients_of_the_Knight's_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_0", 'intro': "In total, 43 individuals in the military of allies of Nazi Germany were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), the highest award in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II. Eight of these men were also honoured with the next higher grade, the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross, and one senior naval officer, Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, was additionally awarded the Swords to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves. Among the recipients were eighteen Romanians, nine Italians, eight Hungarians, two Slovaks, two Japanese, two Spaniards, two Finns, and one Belgian. [Note 1]\n Colonel General Dezső László of Hungary became the last foreign recipient of the award on 3 March 1945. The last surviving foreign recipient of the award was Belgian politician Léon Degrelle, who died on 31 March 1994, fifty years after receiving the medal from Hitler's hands."}
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The Marshal Admiral of the Imperioal Japanese Navy was also the person with the highest command and control over an armed forces/military branch until what event ?
his death
fea82ff73d4ef157
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'title': 'South Korea at the 1958 Asian Games', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seo Young-Ju', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Athletics was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in National Stadium , Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to May 29 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Long jump", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Chang-Hoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Chang-Hoon_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Lee Chang-Hoon ( 21 March 1935 - 13 January 2004 ) is a Korean former long-distance runner who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Athletics was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in National Stadium , Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to May 29 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Marathon", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chung Dong-Hoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chung_Dong-Hoon', 'summary': "Chung Dong-hoon ( born 1932 ) also spelled Chung Dong-hun , is a former amateur boxer from South Korea . A native of Jeollanam-do , he graduated from Chosun University in Gwangju . He competed in the lightweight division at South Korea 's April 1955 domestic Olympic national delegation qualifying tournament , and was victorious over Park Young-mu ( 朴英茂 ) . The following year , he went to Melbourne , Australia to represent South Korea at the 1956 Summer Olympics in boxing , where he lost to Ján Zachara of Czechoslovakia . He went on to compete for South Korea in boxing at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo , Japan , where he captured the gold medal in the boxing lightweight division of the games after defeating Shinichiro Suzuki from Japan in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'The Boxing Tournament at the 1958 Asian Games was held in Korakuen Ice Palace , Tokyo , Japan from 28 to 31 May 1958 . A total of 62 boxers from 11 nations competed . The host nation dominated the competition winning six out of ten gold medals , South Korea , Burma and Republic of China ( Taiwan ) won the remaining gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Lightweight ( -60 kg )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Ki-Soo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ki_Soo_Kim', 'summary': "Kim Ki-soo ( 17 September 1939 - 10 June 1997 ) was a South Korean southpaw boxer at middleweight . He was South Korea 's first world boxing champion ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'The Boxing Tournament at the 1958 Asian Games was held in Korakuen Ice Palace , Tokyo , Japan from 28 to 31 May 1958 . A total of 62 boxers from 11 nations competed . The host nation dominated the competition winning six out of ten gold medals , South Korea , Burma and Republic of China ( Taiwan ) won the remaining gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Welterweight ( -67 kg )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Heung-Bok', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to June 1 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Road race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Korea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to June 1 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Road race teams", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Jang-Woo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Weightlifting was contested from May 25 to May 28 at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo Main Stadium Gymnasium , Tokyo , Japan . The competition included only men 's events for eight different weight categories . Iran finished first at the medal table by winning three gold medals ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's -52 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Taek-Young', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Weightlifting was contested from May 25 to May 28 at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo Main Stadium Gymnasium , Tokyo , Japan . The competition included only men 's events for eight different weight categories . Iran finished first at the medal table by winning three gold medals ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's -60 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Han Seung-Chul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Athletics was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in National Stadium , Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to May 29 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 5000 m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No Do-Chun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Cycling was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to June 1 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Road race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Korea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Football at the 1958 Asian Games was held in Tokyo , Japan from 24 May to 1 June 1958 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team competition", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Korea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Table Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Table tennis was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in Waseda University Gymnasium , Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to 31 May , 1958 . Table tennis had team , doubles and singles events for men and women , as well as a mixed doubles competition .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Team competition", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Korea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Volleyball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Volleyball was contested for men only at the 1958 Asian Games in Komazawa Outdoor Volleyball Court , Tokyo , Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Team competition", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hwang Ho-Dong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hwang_Ho-Dong', 'summary': 'Hwang Ho-dong ( Korean : 황호동 , born 25 December 1936 - 18 March 2010 ) was a South Korean heavyweight weightlifter who won silver medals at the 1958 , 1966 and 1974 Asian Games . He competed at the 1960 , 1964 and 1968 Olympics with the best result of eighth place in 1964 .'}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Weightlifting was contested from May 25 to May 28 at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo Main Stadium Gymnasium , Tokyo , Japan . The competition included only men 's events for eight different weight categories . Iran finished first at the medal table by winning three gold medals ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's -90 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Yong-Wan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': "Weightlifting was contested from May 25 to May 28 at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo Main Stadium Gymnasium , Tokyo , Japan . The competition included only men 's events for eight different weight categories . Iran finished first at the medal table by winning three gold medals ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's +90 kg", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sim Sang-Ok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sim_Sang-Ok', 'summary': "Sim Sang-ok ( born 16 September 1933 ) is a South Korean middle-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 800 metres at the 1956 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Athletics was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in National Stadium , Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to May 29 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 800 m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sim Sang-Ok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sim_Sang-Ok', 'summary': "Sim Sang-ok ( born 16 September 1933 ) is a South Korean middle-distance runner . He competed in the men 's 800 metres at the 1956 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'Athletics was contested at the 1958 Asian Games in National Stadium , Tokyo , Japan from May 25 to May 29 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 1500 m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Chang-Han', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'The Boxing Tournament at the 1958 Asian Games was held in Korakuen Ice Palace , Tokyo , Japan from 28 to 31 May 1958 . A total of 62 boxers from 11 nations competed . The host nation dominated the competition winning six out of ten gold medals , South Korea , Burma and Republic of China ( Taiwan ) won the remaining gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Flyweight ( -51 kg )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Song Soon-Chun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Song_Soon-Chun', 'summary': 'Song Soon-Chun ( Hangul : 송순천 , Hanja : 宋順天 ) ( 15 January 1934 - 15 October 2019 ) was a South Korean amateur boxer who won an silver medal at 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'The Boxing Tournament at the 1958 Asian Games was held in Korakuen Ice Palace , Tokyo , Japan from 28 to 31 May 1958 . A total of 62 boxers from 11 nations competed . The host nation dominated the competition winning six out of ten gold medals , South Korea , Burma and Republic of China ( Taiwan ) won the remaining gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Featherweight ( -57 kg )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kim Deuk-Bong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kim_Deuk-Bong', 'summary': 'Kim Deuk-bong ( Korean : 김득봉 ; born 20 January 1934 ) is a South Korean former boxer who competed as a light welterweight in the 1960 Summer Olympics . Kim lost his fourth fight , the quarterfinal match , to eventual silver-medalist Clement Quartey of Ghana .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1958_Asian_Games', 'summary': 'The Boxing Tournament at the 1958 Asian Games was held in Korakuen Ice Palace , Tokyo , Japan from 28 to 31 May 1958 . A total of 62 boxers from 11 nations competed . The host nation dominated the competition winning six out of ten gold medals , South Korea , Burma and Republic of China ( Taiwan ) won the remaining gold medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Lightwelterweight ( -63.5 kg )", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medal summary -- Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'South_Korea_at_the_1958_Asian_Games_0', 'intro': 'South Korea (IOC designation:Korea) participated in the 1958 Asian Games held in Tokyo, Japan from May 24, 1958, to June 1, 1958.'}
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What is the event of the athlete who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics ?
Men 's Marathon
fea8bc76c6e8dc16
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaghan_Martin', 'title': 'Meaghan Martin', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts Re : Chain of Memories', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_Re:_Chain_of_Memories', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts : Chain of Memories [ a ] is an action role-playing video game co-developed by Square Enix and Jupiter , and published by Square Enix in 2004 for the Game Boy Advance . The game serves as an intermediary between the two larger-scale Playstation 2 games in the Kingdom Hearts series . It was one of the first GBA games to incorporate full motion video ( FMV ) . Kingdom Hearts : Chain of Memories is the second game in the Kingdom Hearts series . It is a direct sequel to Kingdom Hearts , and its ending is set about a year before Kingdom Hearts II . The game follows Sora and friends , as they explore the mysterious Castle Oblivion while battling the sinister Organization XIII , a group of antagonists new to the series . The game introduces new characters and plotlines that further expand the Kingdom Hearts universe and set up the premise for Kingdom Hearts II . The game features a new card-based battle system , in a departure from its predecessor 's real time combat system . Though not as successful as the other Kingdom Hearts games , it received positive reviews and sold well , with particular praise for its story , graphics , and FMVs . When it debuted in Japan , it sold 104,000 units in 48 hours . The game was remade for the PlayStation 2 as Kingdom Hearts Re : Chain of Memories , released in Japan as a second disc packaged with Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix in March 2007 . The remake was later released in North America on December 2 , 2008 and was remastered in HD and included in the Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 ReMix collection released in 2013 for the PS3 and PS4 ."}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_358/2_Days', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days [ a ] ( subtitle read as Three Five Eight Days Over Two ) is an action role-playing video game developed by h.a.n.d . and Square Enix for the Nintendo DS . It is the fifth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series , and takes place near the end of the first game , continuing parallel to Kingdom Hearts : Chain of Memories . The game was released worldwide in 2009 . The story is told from the perspective of Roxas , following his daily life within Organization XIII and his relationship with fellow Organization member Axel ; it also introduces a fourteenth member , Xion , who becomes friends with the former two . Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days was directed by Tetsuya Nomura and Tomohiro Hasegawa . Nomura decided to develop a game for the Nintendo DS , and once a system had been chosen , decided upon Roxas as the protagonist . The development team wanted to use gameplay similar to previous Kingdom Hearts games but could not due to the insufficient number of buttons the DS had . Following its release , Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days received generally positive response by critics , with praise directed at the gameplay and graphics , and criticisms directed towards its storyline . A soundtrack , various light novels , and a manga series based on the game were released in Japan . The game was dedicated to Wayne Allwine , the long time English voice of Mickey Mouse . Allwine died on May 18 2009 , 12 days before the game 's release in Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_Birth_by_Sleep', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep ( Japanese : キングダム ハーツ バース バイ スリープ , Hepburn : Kingudamu Hātsu Bāsu bai Surīpu ) is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation Portable , serving as the sixth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series . The game was released on UMD in Japan on January 9 , 2010 , in North America on September 7 , 2010 , and in the PAL regions on September 10 , 2010 . An international version of the game titled Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix was released in Japan in January 2011 featuring the changes made in the non-Japanese versions . The direct sequel , Kingdom Hearts 0.2 : Birth by Sleep - A Fragmentary Passage - , was released in January 2017 as a part of a bundle of games called Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue . The game utilizes an overhauled battle system different from previous games in the series with new elements . It is a prequel to the original Kingdom Hearts , taking place ten years before . The game centers on the journeys of Terra , Aqua and Ventus , characters briefly featured in Kingdom Hearts II in their quest to locate the missing Master Xehanort , and protect the worlds from creatures known as the Unversed . The player has access to the three characters ' different scenarios when playing . Development of the game began in June 2005 with parts of the game Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix meant to bring clues of Birth by Sleep . The game was directed by Tetsuya Nomura and co-directed by Tai Yasue . Nomura has referred to the game as Episode 0 ( and later Episode 0.1 following the release of Kingdom Hearts χ ) saying that the game is on the same scale and plays as a large a role in the series as Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II . The game has been well-received , selling 1.27 million copies worldwide as of November 2010 , and receiving positive comments by video game publications ."}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts Re : coded', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_Re:coded', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts Coded , [ a ] stylized as Kingdom Hearts coded , is an episodic action role-playing puzzle video game developed and published by Square Enix , in collaboration with Disney Interactive Studios , for mobile phones . Coded was a Japan-only release announced at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show . Its Nintendo DS remake titled Kingdom Hearts Re : coded was released in Japan , North America , Europe , and Australia . A cinematic remake of the game was included in the Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix video game compilation for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One The gameplay is centered mostly around puzzle solving , with action-RPG gameplay elements , similar to previous Kingdom Hearts games . Mini-games and platforming are also featured , with three dimensional backgrounds and two dimensional characters . In mid-2007 , game director Tetsuya Nomura decided to create a Kingdom Hearts spin-off for mobile phones that would have a different gameplay style than previous titles and allow players to explore the game like a playground . The game was originally released in eight parts and one preview to mobile phone gamers from June 2009 to January 2010 . To reach a wider audience , it was remade for the Nintendo DS and released internationally . Kingdom Hearts coded is the fourth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series and is set after Kingdom Hearts II . Jiminy Cricket 's journal , chronicling Sora 's fight against the Heartless and Organization XIII , is found to have two secret messages written by persons unknown , and after the journal is digitized for further analysis , the contents become corrupted . This leads king Mickey and his friends to make a digital Sora to enter and repair the journal so that the meaning of the hidden messages can be deciphered . The game received mixed reviews , with critics praising the graphics and gameplay variety , but panning the story , camera and controls ."}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_HD_1.5_Remix', 'summary': 'Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix ( キングダム ハーツ HD 1.5 リミックス , Kingudamu Hātsu HD 1.5 Rimikkusu , stylized Kingdom Hearts HD I.5 ReMIX ) is an HD remastered collection of the Kingdom Hearts series , developed by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 . It was revealed in September 2012 and released in Japan in March 2013 , and North America , Australia and Europe in September 2013 . Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix includes both Kingdom Hearts Final Mix and Re : Chain of Memories in high-definition and with Trophy support . Additionally , the collection features a cinematic remake of Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days , including high-definition cutscenes from the original game plus new scenes ; the 358/2 Days cinematic also has Trophy support . Ideas for a remastered collection of Kingdom Hearts games were first revealed in August 2011 , with the collection formally announced in September 2012 . Kingdom Hearts Final Mix , in addition to being created from the ground up due to lost assets from the original game , had the most adjustments made to its gameplay , including adding Reaction Commands first introduced in Kingdom Hearts II and allowing the camera to be moved with the right thumb stick . The collection was met to generally favorable reviews . A second collection , Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix , was released in 2014 while a third collection , Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue , was released in 2017 . 1.5 Remix was released in a single , combined collection with 2.5 Remix on the PlayStation 4 in March 2017 and for the Xbox One in February 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice ( Re : Chain of Memories archive footage ) ( 358/2 Days HD cutscenes archive and new footage )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_HD_2.5_Remix', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix [ a ] is an HD remastered collection of three games in Square Enix 's Kingdom Hearts series : Kingdom Hearts II , Birth by Sleep , and Re : coded . A successor to the series ' HD 1.5 Remix collection , it was released as a PlayStation 3 exclusive in Japan on October 2014 and internationally two months later . Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix includes Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix and Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix in high definition and with trophy support . Additionally , the collection features a cinematic remake of Kingdom Hearts Re : coded that features remastered cutscenes from the original game as well as new content . A third collection , Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue , was released in 2017 . 2.5 Remix was re-released along with 1.5 Remix on the PlayStation 4 in March 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice ( II Final Mix HD cutscene new footage ) ( Re : coded HD cutscenes archive and new footage )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Until Dawn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Until_Dawn', 'summary': "Until Dawn is a 2015 interactive drama survival horror video game developed by Supermassive Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 4 . Players assume control of eight young adults who have to survive on Blackwood Mountain when their lives are threatened . The game features a butterfly effect system in which players must make choices that may change the story . All playable characters can survive or die , depending on the choices made . Players explore the environment from a third-person perspective and find clues that may help solve the mystery . The game was originally planned as a first-person game for the PlayStation 3 's motion controller PlayStation Move . The motion controls were dropped when it became a PlayStation 4 game . The story was written by Larry Fessenden and Graham Reznick , who sought to create the video game equivalent of a slasher film . The development team took inspiration from various sources . These include the movies Evil Dead II and Poltergeist , and video games Heavy Rain , Resident Evil , and Silent Hill . To ensure the game was scary , the team used a galvanic skin response test to measure playtesters ' fear levels when playing it . Jason Graves composed the soundtrack and Guerrilla Games ' Decima game engine was used for the graphics ."}]}, {'value': 'Jessica Jess Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Voice and motion capture performance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kingdom Hearts III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_III', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts III [ a ] is a 2019 action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . It is the twelfth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series , and serves as a conclusion of the Dark Seeker Saga story arc that began with the original game . Set after the events of Kingdom Hearts 3D : Dream Drop Distance , returning protagonist Sora is joined by Donald Duck , Goofy , King Mickey and Riku in their search for seven guardians of light as they attempt to thwart Xehanort 's plan to bring about a second Keyblade War . Their journey has them cross paths with characters and visit worlds based on different Disney and Pixar intellectual properties . Concepts for Kingdom Hearts III began as early as 2005 after the release of Kingdom Hearts II in Japan , with the game not being announced until 2013 , following years of rumors and speculation . The game features recurring gameplay elements from the series , while expanding parties to five characters total , introducing new Attraction Flow attacks that incorporate various Disney Parks attractions , and including minigames inspired by classic Walt Disney Productions Mickey Mouse cartoons in the style of 1980s LCD games . Kingdom Hearts III was released worldwide in January 2019 , and was met with generally positive reviews from critics . It sold over five million copies within its first week of release , becoming both the fastest-selling and best-selling game in the series ' history . A downloadable content expansion of the game titled Kingdom Hearts III Re Mind [ b ] was released on January 23 , 2020 for PlayStation 4 , and is scheduled for a February 25 release for Xbox One ."}]}, {'value': 'Naminé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naminé', 'summary': "Kingdom Hearts is a series of action role-playing games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . It is the result of a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios . Kingdom Hearts is a crossover of various Disney settings based in a universe made specifically for the series . The series features a mixture of familiar Disney , Final Fantasy , The World Ends with You and Pixar characters , as well as several new characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura . In addition , it has an all-star voice cast which includes many of the Disney characters ' official voice actors . The series centers on Sora 's search for his friends and his encounters with various Disney and Final Fantasy characters along the way . Players primarily control Sora , though there are numerous characters that join Sora 's party as computer controlled members . The majority of the characters were introduced in the original game Kingdom Hearts . Subsequent installments have featured several new original , Disney , and Final Fantasy characters , Dream Drop Distance introduces characters from Square Enix 's The World Ends with You , while Kingdom Hearts III introduces characters from Pixar 's Toy Story series and Monsters , Inc . Various types of merchandise modeled after the characters ' likeness have been produced , including figurines and jewelry . The characters have garnered praise from several video game websites and magazines for the quality of their voice acting and visual style . Comments have focused on the accurate presentation of Disney characters , the unique visual style of Square Enix characters , how well all the characters blend together , and the consistent quality performances from voice actors ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Video games', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Meaghan_Jette_Martin_3', 'intro': 'Meaghan Jette Martin (/ˈmeɪɡən/; born February 17, 1992) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Tess Tyler in the Disney Channel television films Camp Rock and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. Martin starred in the ABC Family television series, 10 Things I Hate About You as Bianca Stratford. Martin is also known for lending her voice for Naminé in the video game series Kingdom Hearts as well as voicing and motion capturing Jessica from the video game Until Dawn.'}
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The fifth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series came out in what year ?
2009
fead126613877f9e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-state_area', 'title': 'Tri-state area', 'header': ['State 1', 'State 2', 'State 3', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama ( /ˌæləˈbæmə/ ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered by Tennessee to the north , Georgia to the east , Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south , and Mississippi to the west . Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states . With a total of 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) of inland waterways , Alabama has among the most of any state . Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State , after the state bird . Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State . The state tree is the longleaf pine , and the state flower is the camellia . Alabama 's capital is Montgomery . The largest city by population is Birmingham , which has long been the most industrialized city ; the largest city by land area is Huntsville . The oldest city is Mobile , founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana . The Greater Birmingham metropolitan area is Alabama 's most populous urban area . From the American Civil War until World War II , Alabama , like many states in the southern U.S. , suffered economic hardship , in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture ."}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida', 'summary': "Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'Marker on riverbank is actually a few feet above and west of true tripoint at high-water line', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama ( /ˌæləˈbæmə/ ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered by Tennessee to the north , Georgia to the east , Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south , and Mississippi to the west . Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states . With a total of 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) of inland waterways , Alabama has among the most of any state . Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State , after the state bird . Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State . The state tree is the longleaf pine , and the state flower is the camellia . Alabama 's capital is Montgomery . The largest city by population is Birmingham , which has long been the most industrialized city ; the largest city by land area is Huntsville . The oldest city is Mobile , founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana . The Greater Birmingham metropolitan area is Alabama 's most populous urban area . From the American Civil War until World War II , Alabama , like many states in the southern U.S. , suffered economic hardship , in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture ."}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ."}]}, {'value': 'Marker on dry land at surface level and unmarked on lake in cavern directly below . Stolen in 2009 and returned two years later', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona', 'summary': "Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah', 'summary': "Utah ( /ˈjuːtɑː/ YOO-tah , /ˈjuːtɔː/ ( listen ) YOO-taw ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th-largest by area , 30th-most-populous , and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1 , 2018 . Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas : the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state , which contains approximately 2.5 million people ; and Washington County in Southern Utah , with over 160,000 residents . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , Arizona to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church . This greatly influences Utahn culture , politics , and daily life . The church 's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City . The state is a center of transportation , education , information technology and research , government services , and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation . In 2013 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked with a red sandstone monument', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas', 'summary': "Arkansas ( /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw ) [ c ] is a state in the south central region of the United States , home to more than three million people as of 2018 . Its name is from the Osage language , of Siouan derivation ; it denoted their related kin , the Quapaw people . The state 's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains , which make up the U.S . Interior Highlands , to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands , to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta . Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States . The capital and most populous city is Little Rock , located in the central portion of the state , a hub for transportation , business , culture , and government . The northwestern corner of the state , such as the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area , is a population , education , and economic center . The largest city in the state 's eastern part is Jonesboro . The largest city in the state 's southeastern part is Pine Bluff . The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15 , 1836 . Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations , and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers . In 1861 , Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Mississippi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mississippi', 'summary': "Mississippi ( /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/ ( listen ) ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States . Mississippi is bordered to the north by Tennessee , to the east by Alabama , to the south by the Gulf of Mexico , to the southwest by Louisiana , and to the northwest by Arkansas . Mississippi 's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River . Jackson is both the state 's capital and largest city . Greater Jackson , with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States . On December 10 , 1817 , Mississippi became the 20th state admitted to the Union . By 1860 , Mississippi was the nation 's top cotton producing state and enslaved persons accounted for 55% of the state population . Mississippi declared its secession from the Union on March 23 , 1861 , and was one of the seven original Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was restored to the Union on February 23 , 1870 . Until the Great Migration of the 1930s , African Americans were a majority of Mississippi 's population . Mississippi was the site of many prominent events during the American Civil Rights movement , including the 1962 Ole Miss riots , the 1963 assassination of Medgar Evers , and the 1964 Freedom Summer murders ."}]}, {'value': 'Unmarked on silt island in river connected to west bank by riprap', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas', 'summary': "Arkansas ( /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw ) [ c ] is a state in the south central region of the United States , home to more than three million people as of 2018 . Its name is from the Osage language , of Siouan derivation ; it denoted their related kin , the Quapaw people . The state 's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains , which make up the U.S . Interior Highlands , to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands , to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta . Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States . The capital and most populous city is Little Rock , located in the central portion of the state , a hub for transportation , business , culture , and government . The northwestern corner of the state , such as the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area , is a population , education , and economic center . The largest city in the state 's eastern part is Jonesboro . The largest city in the state 's southeastern part is Pine Bluff . The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15 , 1836 . Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations , and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers . In 1861 , Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana', 'summary': "Louisiana ( /luˌiːziˈænə/ ( listen ) , /ˌluːzi-/ ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States . It is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States . Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west , Arkansas to the north , Mississippi to the east , and the Gulf of Mexico to the south . A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River . Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes , which are equivalent to counties . The state 's capital is Baton Rouge , and its largest city is New Orleans . Much of the state 's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River , leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp . [ self-published source ] These contain a rich southern biota ; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets . There are also many species of tree frogs , and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish . In more elevated areas , fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas . These support an exceptionally large number of plant species , including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants . Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state , including four that are federally recognized , ten that are state recognized , and four that have not received recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'See Ark-La-Tex . Marker in process of being surrounded and absorbed by tree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ark-La-Tex', 'summary': "The Ark-La-Tex ( a portmanteau of Arkansas , Louisiana , and Texas ; also stylized as Arklatex or ArkLaTex ) is a socio-economic tri-state region where the Southern U.S. states of Arkansas , Louisiana , and Texas abut . The region contains portions of Northwest Louisiana , Northeast Texas , and South Arkansas as well as the extreme southeastern tip of Oklahoma , partly centered upon the Red River , which flows along the Texas-Oklahoma state line into Southwestern Arkansas and Northwest Louisiana . The population estimate of the 47-county core region under the 2010 Census was 1,043,570 people . [ citation needed ] Shreveport , Louisiana , with approximately 188,990 people , is the largest city , the economic and geographic center of the region , and the principal hub for both the Shreveport-Bossier City metropolitan area and Northwestern Louisiana . Tyler , Texas , with an approximate population of 216,000 people , is the second-largest city as well as the center of the Tyler-Jacksonville combined statistical area . The twin cities of Texarkana , Texas ( population 37,333 ) and Texarkana , Arkansas ( population 30,259 ) are the fourth and fifth largest cities , respectively , but collectively make up the region 's second-largest metropolitan area ( with a combined population of approximately 150,100 residents ) as the center of the Texarkana metropolitan area encompassing Miller County , Arkansas and Bowie County , Texas . Other cities in the Ark-La-Tex with 10,000 or more residents include Bossier City , Louisiana ; Longview , Texas ; Marshall , Texas ; Paris , Texas ; Lufkin , Texas ; Nacogdoches , Texas ; and Idabel , Oklahoma . The counties in the western section of the area are largely part of the East Texas region ( except for McCurtain County , Oklahoma , which is part of the Choctaw Country tourist region ) and mainly encompass the Tyler-Longview-Lufkin-Nacogdoches television market area , while the counties and parishes in the eastern half of the region are included in the Shreveport-Texarkana television market . ( However , some Arkansas counties - under certain , looser definitions of the Ark-La-Tex region - in northwestern-most areas of the southwestern section of the state are included in the Little Rock viewing area . )"}]}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas', 'summary': "Arkansas ( /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw ) [ c ] is a state in the south central region of the United States , home to more than three million people as of 2018 . Its name is from the Osage language , of Siouan derivation ; it denoted their related kin , the Quapaw people . The state 's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains , which make up the U.S . Interior Highlands , to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands , to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta . Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States . The capital and most populous city is Little Rock , located in the central portion of the state , a hub for transportation , business , culture , and government . The northwestern corner of the state , such as the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area , is a population , education , and economic center . The largest city in the state 's eastern part is Jonesboro . The largest city in the state 's southeastern part is Pine Bluff . The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15 , 1836 . Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations , and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers . In 1861 , Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'Missouri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Missouri', 'summary': "Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States . With over six million residents , it is the 18th-most populous state of the Union . The largest urban areas are St. Louis , Kansas City , Springfield and Columbia ; the capital is Jefferson City . The state is the 21st-most extensive in area . Missouri is bordered by eight states ( tied for the most with Tennessee ) : Iowa to the north , Illinois , Kentucky and Tennessee ( via the Mississippi River ) to the east , Arkansas to the south and Oklahoma , Kansas and Nebraska to the west . In the south are the Ozarks , a forested highland , providing timber , minerals and recreation . The Missouri River , after which the state is named , flows through the center of the state into the Mississippi River , which makes up Missouri 's eastern border . Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years . The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds , before declining in the 14th century . When European explorers arrived in the 17th century , they encountered the Osage and Missouria nations . The French established Louisiana , a part of New France , founding Ste . Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764 ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma', 'summary': "Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ( listen ) ; Cherokee : ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ , ogalahoma ; Choctaw : Oklahumma ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States , bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west , Kansas on the north , Missouri on the northeast , Arkansas on the east , New Mexico on the west , and Colorado on the northwest . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its residents are known as Oklahomans ( or colloquially , Okies ) , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning red people . It is also known informally by its nickname , The Sooner State , in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16 , 1907 . With ancient mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S . Interior Highlands , all regions prone to severe weather . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for Southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans . More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked with a stone monument', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas', 'summary': "Arkansas ( /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw ) [ c ] is a state in the south central region of the United States , home to more than three million people as of 2018 . Its name is from the Osage language , of Siouan derivation ; it denoted their related kin , the Quapaw people . The state 's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains , which make up the U.S . Interior Highlands , to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands , to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta . Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States . The capital and most populous city is Little Rock , located in the central portion of the state , a hub for transportation , business , culture , and government . The northwestern corner of the state , such as the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area , is a population , education , and economic center . The largest city in the state 's eastern part is Jonesboro . The largest city in the state 's southeastern part is Pine Bluff . The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15 , 1836 . Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations , and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers . In 1861 , Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma', 'summary': "Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ( listen ) ; Cherokee : ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ , ogalahoma ; Choctaw : Oklahumma ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States , bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west , Kansas on the north , Missouri on the northeast , Arkansas on the east , New Mexico on the west , and Colorado on the northwest . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its residents are known as Oklahomans ( or colloquially , Okies ) , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning red people . It is also known informally by its nickname , The Sooner State , in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16 , 1907 . With ancient mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S . Interior Highlands , all regions prone to severe weather . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for Southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans . More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Unmarked on seasonal silt island or in river bed , but Oklahoma-Texas state line as revised in 2000 is defective in not extending from vegetation line on south bank to pre-established tripoint', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon', 'summary': "Oregon ( /ˈɒrɪɡən/ ( listen ) ORR-ih-gən ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States . The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon 's northern boundary with Washington , while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho . The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada . Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders , explorers , and settlers arrived . An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848 . Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14 , 1859 . Today , at 98,000 square miles ( 250,000 km2 ) , Oregon is the ninth largest and , with a population of 4 million , 27th most populous U.S. state . The capital , Salem , is the second most populous city in Oregon , with 169,798 residents . Portland , with 647,805 , ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities . The Portland metropolitan area , which also includes the city of Vancouver , Washington , to the north , ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation , with a population of 2,453,168 . Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S. , marked by volcanoes , abundant bodies of water , dense evergreen and mixed forests , as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands . At 11,249 feet ( 3,429 m ) , Mount Hood , a stratovolcano , is the state 's highest point ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked with a cairn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cairn', 'summary': 'A cairn is a man-made pile ( or stack ) of stones . The word cairn comes from the Scottish Gaelic : càrn [ ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ ] ( plural càirn [ ˈkʰaːrˠɲ ] ) . Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes , from prehistoric times to the present . In modern times , cairns are often erected as landmarks , a use they have had since ancient times . However , since prehistory , they have also been built and used as burial monuments ; for defense and hunting ; for ceremonial purposes , sometimes relating to astronomy ; to locate buried items , such as caches of food or objects ; and to mark trails , among other purposes .'}]}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas', 'summary': "Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States . Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita , with its most populated county and largest employment center being Johnson County . Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north ; Missouri on the east ; Oklahoma on the south ; and Colorado on the west . Kansas is named after the Kansas River , which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks . The tribe 's name ( natively kką : ze ) is often said to mean people of the ( south ) wind although this was probably not the term 's original meaning . For thousands of years , what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes . Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys . Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison . Kansas was first settled by Americans in 1827 with the establishment of Fort Leavenworth . The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s , in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate . When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas-Nebraska Act , abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state . Thus , the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided , and was known as Bleeding Kansas ."}]}, {'value': 'Nebraska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nebraska', 'summary': "Nebraska /nəˈbræskə/ ( listen ) is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States . It is bordered by South Dakota to the north ; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast , both across the Missouri River ; Kansas to the south ; Colorado to the southwest ; and Wyoming to the west . It is the only triply landlocked U.S. state . Nebraska 's area is just over 77,220 square miles ( 200,000 km2 ) with a population of almost 1.9 million people . Its state capital is Lincoln , and its largest city is Omaha , which is on the Missouri River . Indigenous peoples , including Omaha , Missouria , Ponca , Pawnee , Otoe , and various branches of the Lakota ( Sioux ) tribes , lived in the region for thousands of years before European exploration . The state is crossed by many historic trails , including that of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 . It is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan . Nebraska is composed of two major land regions : the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains . The Dissected Till Plains region consist of gently rolling hills and contains the state 's largest cities , Omaha and Lincoln . The Great Plains region , occupying most of western Nebraska , is characterized by treeless prairie , suitable for cattle-grazing ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked with a brass disc', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas', 'summary': "Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ ( listen ) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States . Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita , with its most populated county and largest employment center being Johnson County . Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north ; Missouri on the east ; Oklahoma on the south ; and Colorado on the west . Kansas is named after the Kansas River , which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks . The tribe 's name ( natively kką : ze ) is often said to mean people of the ( south ) wind although this was probably not the term 's original meaning . For thousands of years , what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes . Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys . Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison . Kansas was first settled by Americans in 1827 with the establishment of Fort Leavenworth . The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s , in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate . When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas-Nebraska Act , abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state . Thus , the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided , and was known as Bleeding Kansas ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma', 'summary': "Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ( listen ) ; Cherokee : ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ , ogalahoma ; Choctaw : Oklahumma ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States , bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west , Kansas on the north , Missouri on the northeast , Arkansas on the east , New Mexico on the west , and Colorado on the northwest . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its residents are known as Oklahomans ( or colloquially , Okies ) , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning red people . It is also known informally by its nickname , The Sooner State , in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16 , 1907 . With ancient mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S . Interior Highlands , all regions prone to severe weather . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for Southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans . More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': '8 Mile Corner . Marker is concealed in crypt beneath removable manhole cover', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/8_Mile_Corner', 'summary': "8 Mile Corner is a monument in the Cimarron National Grassland dedicated to the tri-point ( a place where three states meet ) of Kansas , Colorado , and Oklahoma . This point is also the meeting point for three distinct regions of America - the Western United States ( Colorado ) , Midwestern United States ( Kansas ) , and South Central United States ( Oklahoma ) . The landmark is a windmill with the three states ' abbreviated names [ a ] on the blades . The windmill monument was built in 1903 . In 1990 , satellite images showed the actual meeting place to be several feet away from the monument . A brass plate in the ground marks this . The site is approximately 8 miles ( 13 km ) west of Elkhart , Kansas on mostly unpaved State Line Road . The view around this site has been described as starkly beautiful , with yucca blooms in the spring and buffalo gourd in the summer as the most notable flora . Visitors are likely to see mule deer , prairie dogs , and burrowing owls ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Nebraska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nebraska', 'summary': "Nebraska /nəˈbræskə/ ( listen ) is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States . It is bordered by South Dakota to the north ; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast , both across the Missouri River ; Kansas to the south ; Colorado to the southwest ; and Wyoming to the west . It is the only triply landlocked U.S. state . Nebraska 's area is just over 77,220 square miles ( 200,000 km2 ) with a population of almost 1.9 million people . Its state capital is Lincoln , and its largest city is Omaha , which is on the Missouri River . Indigenous peoples , including Omaha , Missouria , Ponca , Pawnee , Otoe , and various branches of the Lakota ( Sioux ) tribes , lived in the region for thousands of years before European exploration . The state is crossed by many historic trails , including that of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 . It is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan . Nebraska is composed of two major land regions : the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains . The Dissected Till Plains region consist of gently rolling hills and contains the state 's largest cities , Omaha and Lincoln . The Great Plains region , occupying most of western Nebraska , is characterized by treeless prairie , suitable for cattle-grazing ."}]}, {'value': 'Wyoming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wyoming', 'summary': "Wyoming ( /waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States . The state is the 10th largest by area , the least populous , and the second most sparsely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho and Montana . The state population was estimated at 577,737 in 2018 , which is less than 31 of the most populous U.S. cities including Denver in neighboring Colorado . Cheyenne is the state capital and the most populous city , with an estimated population of 63,624 in 2017 . The western two-thirds of the state is covered mostly by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains , while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie called the High Plains . Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government , leading Wyoming to rank sixth by area and fifth by proportion of a state 's land owned by the federal government . Federal lands include two national parks - Grand Teton and Yellowstone - two national recreation areas , two national monuments , several national forests , historic sites , fish hatcheries , and wildlife refuges . Original inhabitants of the region include the Crow , Arapaho , Lakota , and Shoshone . Southwestern Wyoming was claimed by the Spanish Empire and then Mexican territory until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican-American War . The region acquired the name Wyoming when a bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress in 1865 to provide a temporary government for the territory of Wyoming . The name was used earlier for the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania , and is derived from the Munsee word xwé : wamənk , meaning at the big river flat ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked with a stone surrounded by a three-stone colored base', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Mexico', 'summary': "New Mexico ( Spanish : Nuevo México Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈnweβo ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) , Navajo : Yootó Hahoodzo pronounced [ jòːtxó xɑ̀xʷòːtsò ] ) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States of America ; its capital and cultural center is Santa Fe , which was founded in 1610 as capital of Nuevo México ( itself established as a province of New Spain in 1598 ) , while its largest city is Albuquerque with its accompanying metropolitan area . It is one of the Mountain States and shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and Arizona . New Mexico is also bordered by the state of Texas to the east-southeast , Oklahoma to the northeast , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua to the south and Sonora to the southwest . With an estimated population of 2,096,829 as of the July 1 , 2019 U.S. Census Bureau estimate , New Mexico is the 36th largest state by population . With a total area of 121,592 sq mi ( 314,920 km2 ) , it is the fifth-largest and sixth-least densely populated of the 50 states . Due to their geographic locations , northern and eastern New Mexico exhibit a colder , alpine climate , while western and southern New Mexico exhibit a warmer , arid climate . The economy of New Mexico is dependent on oil drilling , mineral extraction , dryland farming , cattle ranching , lumber milling , and retail trade . As of 2018 , its total gross domestic product ( GDP ) was $ 101 billion with a GDP per capita of $ 45,465 . New Mexico 's status as a tax haven yields low to moderate personal income taxes on residents and military personnel , and gives tax credits and exemptions to favorable industries . Because of this , its film industry has grown and contributed $ 1.23 billion to its overall economy . Due to its large area and economic climate , New Mexico has a large U.S. military presence marked notably with the White Sands Missile Range . Various U.S. national security agencies base their research and testing arms in New Mexico such as the Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma', 'summary': "Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ( listen ) ; Cherokee : ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ , ogalahoma ; Choctaw : Oklahumma ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States , bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west , Kansas on the north , Missouri on the northeast , Arkansas on the east , New Mexico on the west , and Colorado on the northwest . It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States . Its residents are known as Oklahomans ( or colloquially , Okies ) , and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City . The state 's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma , meaning red people . It is also known informally by its nickname , The Sooner State , in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 , which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory . Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16 , 1907 . With ancient mountain ranges , prairie , mesas , and eastern forests , most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains , Cross Timbers , and the U.S . Interior Highlands , all regions prone to severe weather . Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for Southern settlers , and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans . More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma . A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agricultural products , Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation , energy , telecommunications , and biotechnology . Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma 's primary economic anchors , with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Preston Monument', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Preston_Monument', 'summary': 'The Preston Monument is a stone marker that shows the tri-point ( the place where three states meet ) of Oklahoma , Colorado , and New Mexico . It is named after Levi S. Preston , who surveyed a portion of the New Mexico-Colorado border .'}]}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah', 'summary': "Utah ( /ˈjuːtɑː/ YOO-tah , /ˈjuːtɔː/ ( listen ) YOO-taw ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th-largest by area , 30th-most-populous , and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1 , 2018 . Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas : the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state , which contains approximately 2.5 million people ; and Washington County in Southern Utah , with over 160,000 residents . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , Arizona to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church . This greatly influences Utahn culture , politics , and daily life . The church 's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City . The state is a center of transportation , education , information technology and research , government services , and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation . In 2013 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state ."}]}, {'value': 'Wyoming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wyoming', 'summary': "Wyoming ( /waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States . The state is the 10th largest by area , the least populous , and the second most sparsely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho and Montana . The state population was estimated at 577,737 in 2018 , which is less than 31 of the most populous U.S. cities including Denver in neighboring Colorado . Cheyenne is the state capital and the most populous city , with an estimated population of 63,624 in 2017 . The western two-thirds of the state is covered mostly by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains , while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie called the High Plains . Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government , leading Wyoming to rank sixth by area and fifth by proportion of a state 's land owned by the federal government . Federal lands include two national parks - Grand Teton and Yellowstone - two national recreation areas , two national monuments , several national forests , historic sites , fish hatcheries , and wildlife refuges . Original inhabitants of the region include the Crow , Arapaho , Lakota , and Shoshone . Southwestern Wyoming was claimed by the Spanish Empire and then Mexican territory until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican-American War . The region acquired the name Wyoming when a bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress in 1865 to provide a temporary government for the territory of Wyoming . The name was used earlier for the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania , and is derived from the Munsee word xwé : wamənk , meaning at the big river flat ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Connecticut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connecticut', 'summary': "Connecticut ( /kəˈnɛtɪkət/ ( listen ) ) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . As of the 2010 Census , it has the highest per-capita income , Human Development Index ( 0.962 ) , and median household income in the United States . It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east , Massachusetts to the north , New York to the west , and Long Island Sound to the south . Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport . It is part of New England , although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the tri-state area . The state is named for the Connecticut River which approximately bisects the state . The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river . Connecticut 's first European settlers were Dutchmen who established a small , short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers . Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland , which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers , although the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English . Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony ; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony . The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders , considered the first constitutions in America . In 1662 , the three colonies were merged under a royal charter , making Connecticut a crown colony ."}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Massachusetts', 'summary': "Massachusetts ( /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ ( listen ) , /-zɪts/ ) , officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The capital of Massachusetts is Boston , which is also the most populous city in New England . It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts 's economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the second colony in New England after Popham Colony in 1607 in what is now Maine . Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention ."}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_(state)', 'summary': "New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography ."}]}, {'value': 'See Brace Mountain or Mount Frissell . Marked with a stone inscribed with MASS-1898-NY and sometimes a scratched-on CONN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brace_Mountain', 'summary': "Brace Mountain is the peak of a ridge in the southern Taconic Mountains , near the tripoint of the U.S. states of New York , Connecticut and Massachusetts . Its 2,311-foot ( 704 m ) main summit is located in New York ; it is the highest point in that state 's Dutchess County . The New York and Massachusetts portions of the mountain are within protected areas ; Taconic State Park and Mount Washington State Forest respectively . The Connecticut portions are privately owned and conserved . It is a challenging yet popular hike since its summit , along with 2,304-foot ( 702 m ) subpeak South Brace Mountain , are along the 15.7 mi ( 25.3 km ) South Taconic Trail . Hikers approach the mountain either from the New York side on the west via the South Taconic or from another trail following the Connecticut-Massachusetts state line on the east , a route that allows them to visit both the tristate marker and the highest point in Connecticut , near the summit of Mount Frissell , along the way . Brace 's bald summit , marked by a large cairn , offers views in all directions , particularly to the Hudson Valley and Catskills to the west . It has become a popular site for launching hang gliders and paragliders ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mount_Frissell', 'summary': "Mount Frissell , 2,454 feet ( 748 m ) , located on the border of southwest Massachusetts and northwest Connecticut , is a prominent peak of the Taconic Range . The peak and northern part of the mountain are located within Massachusetts , while the southern slope of Mount Frissell is located within Connecticut and rises to the highest elevation within that state , 2,379 feet ( 725 m ) . The high-point marker for Connecticut is on the border with Massachusetts at 42°02′59″N 73°28′59″W / 42.049633°N 73.483042°W / 42.049633 ; -73.483042 . Bear Mountain , located 1.3 miles ( 2.1 km ) to the east , is the highest mountain summit in Connecticut . Most hikers reach the state high point by a rather short route starting high up in the col between Mt . Frissell and Bear Mountain , at an elevation of around 1,800 feet ( 550 m ) . The mountain is located within the towns of Mount Washington , Massachusetts and Salisbury , Connecticut ; much of it has been conserved as part of Massachusetts ' Mount Washington State Forest and Connecticut 's Riga Mountain Forest Preview . The south side of Mount Frissell drains into Riga Lake and South Pond , then into Wachocostinook Brook , Salmon Creek , the Housatonic River , and Long Island Sound . The northwest side drains into Ashley Hill Brook , thence Bash Bish Brook , the Roeliff Jansen Kill , the Hudson River , and Upper New York Bay . The northeast side drains into Sages Ravine , thence into Schenob Brook , the Hubbard Brook , the Housatonic River , and Long Island Sound . Mount Frissell is bordered by Round Mountain to the southeast , Mount Ashley to the north , and Brace Mountain to the west . Mount Frissell is traversed by the Mount Frissell Trail which connects with the South Taconic Trail to the west and the Appalachian Trail to the east ."}]}, {'value': 'Connecticut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connecticut', 'summary': "Connecticut ( /kəˈnɛtɪkət/ ( listen ) ) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . As of the 2010 Census , it has the highest per-capita income , Human Development Index ( 0.962 ) , and median household income in the United States . It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east , Massachusetts to the north , New York to the west , and Long Island Sound to the south . Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport . It is part of New England , although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the tri-state area . The state is named for the Connecticut River which approximately bisects the state . The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river . Connecticut 's first European settlers were Dutchmen who established a small , short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers . Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland , which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers , although the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English . Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony ; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony . The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders , considered the first constitutions in America . In 1662 , the three colonies were merged under a royal charter , making Connecticut a crown colony ."}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Massachusetts', 'summary': "Massachusetts ( /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ ( listen ) , /-zɪts/ ) , officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The capital of Massachusetts is Boston , which is also the most populous city in New England . It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts 's economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the second colony in New England after Popham Colony in 1607 in what is now Maine . Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention ."}]}, {'value': 'Rhode Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhode_Island', 'summary': "Rhode Island ( /ˌroʊd -/ ( listen ) , like road ) , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the United States . It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh least populous , but it is also the second most densely populated . Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound . It also shares a small maritime border with New York . Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island . On May 4 , 1776 , the Colony of Rhode Island was the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown , and it was the fourth among the newly independent states to ratify the Articles of Confederation on February 9 , 1778 . The state boycotted the 1787 convention which drew up the United States Constitution and initially refused to ratify it ; it was the last of the original 13 states to do so on May 29 , 1790 . Rhode Island 's official nickname is The Ocean State , a reference to the large bays and inlets that amount to about 14 percent of its total area ."}]}, {'value': 'See Thompson , Connecticut . Marked with a stone inscribed with MASS-CONN-RI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thompson,_Connecticut', 'summary': 'Thompson is a rural town in Windham County , Connecticut , United States . The town was named after Sir Robert Thompson , an English landholder . The population was 9,458 at the 2010 census . Thompson is located in the northeastern corner of the state and is bordered on the north by Webster , Massachusetts and Dudley , Massachusetts , on the east by Douglas , Massachusetts and Burrillville , Rhode Island , on the west by Woodstock , Connecticut , and on the south by Putnam , Connecticut . Thompson has the highest-banked race track ( Thompson Speedway Motorsports Park , a 5/8 mile oval and a restored 1.7 mile road course ) in New England . This speedway holds one of the biggest race programs in New England , The World Series of Auto Racing , where 16 divisions and about 400 cars show up each fall . Another claim to fame is that the Tri-State Marker is located just on the border of Thompson . The term Swamp Yankee is thought to have originated in Thompson during the American Revolution in 1776 . Thompson was the site of the Great East Thompson Train Wreck in 1891 , one of the worst train wrecks in American history and the only one to involve four trains .'}]}, {'value': 'Delaware', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delaware', 'summary': "Delaware ( /ˈdɛləwɛər/ ( listen ) ) is one of the 50 states of the United States , in the Mid Atlantic region . [ a ] It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland , north by Pennsylvania , and east by New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean . The state takes its name from Thomas West , 3rd Baron De La Warr , an English nobleman and Virginia 's first colonial governor . Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and some islands and territory within the Delaware River . It is the second smallest and sixth least populous state , but the sixth most densely populated . Delaware 's largest city is Wilmington . The state is divided into three counties , the lowest number of any state . From north to south , they are New Castle County , Kent County , and Sussex County . While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural , New Castle County is more urbanized . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south . It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael , near the present town of Lewes , in 1631 . Delaware was one of the 13 colonies participating in the American Revolution ."}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maryland', 'summary': "Maryland ( US : /ˈmɛrələnd/ ( listen ) MERR-ə-lənd ) [ a ] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States , bordering Virginia , West Virginia , and the District of Columbia to its south and west ; Pennsylvania to its north ; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east . The state 's largest city is Baltimore , and its capital is Annapolis . Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State , the Free State , and the Chesapeake Bay State . It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria , known in England as Queen Mary , who was the wife of King Charles I. Sixteen of Maryland 's twenty-three counties , as well as the city of Baltimore , border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries , which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline . Although one of the smallest states in the U.S. , it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature . In a similar vein , Maryland 's geography , culture , and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic , Northeastern , and South Atlantic regions of the country . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , mostly by the Algonquin , and to a lesser degree by the Iroquois and Sioux . As one of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain , Maryland was founded by George Calvert , a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England . In 1632 , Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter , naming the colony after his wife , Queen Mary ( Henrietta Maria of France ) . Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans , who rejected Catholicism in their settlements , Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration . Accordingly , in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion , which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation . Nevertheless , religious strife was common in the early years , and Catholics remained a minority , albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'See Delaware Wedge . Marked with a stone inscribed with M-M-P-P , as this was not the original intended tri-point', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wedge_(border)', 'summary': 'The Wedge ( or Delaware Wedge ) is a 1.068-square-mile ( 684-acre ; 2.77 km2 ) tract of land along the borders of Delaware , Maryland and Pennsylvania . Ownership of the land was disputed until 1921 ; it is now recognized as part of Delaware . The tract was created primarily by the shortcomings of contemporary surveying techniques when the boundaries were defined in the 18th century . It is bounded on the north by an eastern extension of the east-west portion of the Mason-Dixon line , on the west by the north-south portion of the Mason-Dixon line , and on the southeast by the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle , Delaware . The crossroads community of Mechanicsville , Delaware , lies within the area today .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)', 'summary': "Georgia ( /ˈdʒɔːrdʒə/ ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States . Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , to the northeast by South Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , to the south by Florida , and to the west by Alabama . Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Atlanta , a beta ( + ) global city , is both the state 's capital and its largest city . The Atlanta metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018 , is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population . Founded in 1733 as a British colony , Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established . Named after King George II of Great Britain , the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River . On January 2 , 1788 , Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution . From 1802 to 1804 , western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory , which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi . Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19 , 1861 , and was one of the original seven Confederate States . Following the Civil War , it was the last state to be restored to the Union , on July 15 , 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina', 'summary': "North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Idaho', 'summary': "Idaho ( /ˈaɪdəhoʊ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast , Wyoming to the east , Nevada and Utah to the south , and Washington and Oregon to the west . To the north , it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia . With a population of approximately 1.7 million and an area of 83,569 square miles ( 216,440 km2 ) , Idaho is the 14th largest , the 12th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital and largest city is Boise . Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited by Native American peoples , some of whom still live in the area . In the early 19th century , Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country , an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom . It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846 , but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863 , instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory . Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3 , 1890 , becoming the 43rd state . Forming part of the Pacific Northwest ( and the associated Cascadia bioregion ) , Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions . The state 's north , the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle , is closely linked with Eastern Washington with which it shares the Pacific Time Zone - the rest of the state uses the Mountain Time Zone . The state 's south includes the Snake River Plain ( which has most of the population and agricultural land ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Montana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montana', 'summary': "Montana ( /mɒnˈtænə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Northwestern United States . Montana has several nicknames , although none are official , including Big Sky Country and The Treasure State , and slogans that include Land of the Shining Mountains and more recently The Last Best Place . Montana is the fourth-largest in area , the 8th least populous , and the third-least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges . Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state . In all , 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains . The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands . Montana is bordered by Idaho to the west , Wyoming to the south , North Dakota and South Dakota to the east , and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia , Alberta , and Saskatchewan to the north . The economy is primarily based on agriculture , including ranching and cereal grain farming . Other significant economic resources include oil , gas , coal , hard rock mining , and lumber . The health care , service , and government sectors also are significant to the state 's economy . The state 's fastest-growing sector is tourism ."}]}, {'value': 'Wyoming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wyoming', 'summary': "Wyoming ( /waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States . The state is the 10th largest by area , the least populous , and the second most sparsely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho and Montana . The state population was estimated at 577,737 in 2018 , which is less than 31 of the most populous U.S. cities including Denver in neighboring Colorado . Cheyenne is the state capital and the most populous city , with an estimated population of 63,624 in 2017 . The western two-thirds of the state is covered mostly by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains , while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie called the High Plains . Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government , leading Wyoming to rank sixth by area and fifth by proportion of a state 's land owned by the federal government . Federal lands include two national parks - Grand Teton and Yellowstone - two national recreation areas , two national monuments , several national forests , historic sites , fish hatcheries , and wildlife refuges . Original inhabitants of the region include the Crow , Arapaho , Lakota , and Shoshone . Southwestern Wyoming was claimed by the Spanish Empire and then Mexican territory until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican-American War . The region acquired the name Wyoming when a bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress in 1865 to provide a temporary government for the territory of Wyoming . The name was used earlier for the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania , and is derived from the Munsee word xwé : wamənk , meaning at the big river flat ."}]}, {'value': 'Located within Yellowstone National Park . Marked , although difficult to access', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park', 'summary': 'Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located mostly in Wyoming , with small sections in Montana and Idaho . It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1 , 1872 . Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world . The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features , especially Old Faithful geyser , one of its most popular features . It has many types of ecosystem , but the subalpine forest is the most abundant . It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion . Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years . Aside from visits by mountain men during the early-to-mid-19th century , organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s . Management and control of the park originally fell under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior , the first being Columbus Delano . However , the U.S. Army was subsequently commissioned to oversee management of Yellowstone for a 30-year period between 1886 and 1916 . In 1917 , administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service , which had been created the previous year . Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance , and researchers have examined more than a thousand archaeological sites .'}]}, {'value': 'Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Idaho', 'summary': "Idaho ( /ˈaɪdəhoʊ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast , Wyoming to the east , Nevada and Utah to the south , and Washington and Oregon to the west . To the north , it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia . With a population of approximately 1.7 million and an area of 83,569 square miles ( 216,440 km2 ) , Idaho is the 14th largest , the 12th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital and largest city is Boise . Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited by Native American peoples , some of whom still live in the area . In the early 19th century , Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country , an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom . It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846 , but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863 , instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory . Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3 , 1890 , becoming the 43rd state . Forming part of the Pacific Northwest ( and the associated Cascadia bioregion ) , Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions . The state 's north , the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle , is closely linked with Eastern Washington with which it shares the Pacific Time Zone - the rest of the state uses the Mountain Time Zone . The state 's south includes the Snake River Plain ( which has most of the population and agricultural land ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon', 'summary': "Oregon ( /ˈɒrɪɡən/ ( listen ) ORR-ih-gən ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States . The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon 's northern boundary with Washington , while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho . The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada . Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders , explorers , and settlers arrived . An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848 . Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14 , 1859 . Today , at 98,000 square miles ( 250,000 km2 ) , Oregon is the ninth largest and , with a population of 4 million , 27th most populous U.S. state . The capital , Salem , is the second most populous city in Oregon , with 169,798 residents . Portland , with 647,805 , ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities . The Portland metropolitan area , which also includes the city of Vancouver , Washington , to the north , ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation , with a population of 2,453,168 . Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S. , marked by volcanoes , abundant bodies of water , dense evergreen and mixed forests , as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands . At 11,249 feet ( 3,429 m ) , Mount Hood , a stratovolcano , is the state 's highest point ."}]}, {'value': 'Marked with a three-sided stone inscribed with N-I-O on the respective faces', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Idaho', 'summary': "Idaho ( /ˈaɪdəhoʊ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast , Wyoming to the east , Nevada and Utah to the south , and Washington and Oregon to the west . To the north , it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia . With a population of approximately 1.7 million and an area of 83,569 square miles ( 216,440 km2 ) , Idaho is the 14th largest , the 12th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital and largest city is Boise . Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited by Native American peoples , some of whom still live in the area . In the early 19th century , Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country , an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom . It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846 , but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863 , instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory . Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3 , 1890 , becoming the 43rd state . Forming part of the Pacific Northwest ( and the associated Cascadia bioregion ) , Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions . The state 's north , the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle , is closely linked with Eastern Washington with which it shares the Pacific Time Zone - the rest of the state uses the Mountain Time Zone . The state 's south includes the Snake River Plain ( which has most of the population and agricultural land ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nevada', 'summary': "Nevada ( /nɪˈvædə/ or /nɪˈvɑːdə/ ) is a state in the Western United States . It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest , Idaho to the northeast , California to the west , Arizona to the southeast , and Utah to the east . Nevada is the 7th most extensive , the 32nd most populous , and the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states . Nearly three-quarters of Nevada 's people live in Clark County , which contains the Las Vegas-Paradise metropolitan area , including three of the state 's four largest incorporated cities . Nevada 's capital is Carson City . Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy . It is also known as the Battle Born State because it achieved statehood during the Civil War ( the words Battle Born also appear on the state flag ) ; as the Sagebrush State , for the native plant of the same name ; and as the Sage-hen State . Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid , much of it within the Great Basin . Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert , while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge . About 86% of the state 's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government , both civilian and military . Before European contact , American Indians of the Paiute , Shoshone , and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada . The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish ."}]}, {'value': 'Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah', 'summary': "Utah ( /ˈjuːtɑː/ YOO-tah , /ˈjuːtɔː/ ( listen ) YOO-taw ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th-largest by area , 30th-most-populous , and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1 , 2018 . Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas : the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state , which contains approximately 2.5 million people ; and Washington County in Southern Utah , with over 160,000 residents . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , Arizona to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church . This greatly influences Utahn culture , politics , and daily life . The church 's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City . The state is a center of transportation , education , information technology and research , government services , and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation . In 2013 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state ."}]}, {'value': "Marked with a granite monument inscribed with the respective states ' names", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Tripoints -- Land', 'section_text': 'Of the 62 points in the United States where three and only three states meet ( each of which may be associated with its own tri-state area ) , 35 are on dry land and 27 are in water . [ 1 ] NY–MA–CT tripoint marker CT–RI–MA tripoint marker NJ–NY–PA tripoint marker IN–MI–OH tripoint marker CO–KS–OK tripoint marker ( 8 Mile Corner )', 'uid': 'Tri-state_area_0', 'intro': 'Tri-state area is an informal term in the eastern contiguous United States for any of several regions associated with a particular town or metropolis that, with adjacent suburbs, lies across three states. Some of these involve a state boundary tripoint. Other tri-state areas have a more diffuse population that shares a connected economy and geography - especially with respect to geology, botany, or climate - such as the tri-state area of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. The term tri-state area is often present in movies, radio and television commercials.'}
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For the states listed with Rhode Island as # 3 , what is the city with the most people in state # 1 ?
Bridgeport
feae353be56bfbf7
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Football_League_annual_sacks_leaders', 'title': 'List of National Football League annual sacks leaders', 'header': ['Year', 'Player', 'Sacks', 'Team'], 'data': [{'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doug Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Martin_(defensive_end)', 'summary': 'Doug Martin ( born May 22 , 1957 ) is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the 1st round ( 9th overall ) of the 1980 NFL Draft . A 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) , 258 pounds ( 117 kg ) defensive end from the University of Washington , Martin played in 10 NFL seasons from 1980 to 1989 for the Vikings .'}]}, {'value': '11.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings', 'summary': "The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The Vikings joined the National Football League ( NFL ) as an expansion team in 1960 , and first took the field for the 1961 season . The team competes in the National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . During the 1960s , the Vikings ' record was typical for an expansion franchise , but improved over the course of the decade , resulting in a Central Division title in 1968 . In 1969 , their dominant defense led to the Vikings ' league championship , the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with the AFL . The team plays its home games at U.S. Bank Stadium in the Downtown East section of Minneapolis ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Gastineau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Gastineau', 'summary': "Marcus Dell Gastineau ( born November 20 , 1956 ) is an American former football player who was a defensive end for the New York Jets from 1979 to 1988 . A five-time Pro Bowler , he was one of the quickest and most feared pass rushers of his generation . Gastineau was ranked the 8th greatest pass rusher in NFL History on NFL Network 's Top 10 Pass Rushers ."}]}, {'value': '19.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Jets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Jets', 'summary': "The New York Jets are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team is headquartered in Florham Park , New Jersey . In a unique arrangement for the league , the Jets share MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey with the New York Giants . The franchise is legally and corporately registered as New York Jets , LLC . The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York , an original member of the American Football League ( AFL ) ; later , the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 . The team began play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds . Under new ownership , the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984 . The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts , becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game . Since 1968 , the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times , and in the AFC Championship Game four times , most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010 . However , the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl , making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance , along with the New Orleans Saints and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Apart from the Cleveland Browns and the Detroit Lions , who have never reached the Super Bowl ( although both won NFL championships prior to 1966 ) , the Jets ' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Gastineau ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Jets ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard Dent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Dent', 'summary': 'Richard Lamar Dent ( born December 13 , 1960 ) is a former American football defensive end , who played primarily for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was the MVP of Super Bowl XX . He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '17.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Bears', 'summary': "The Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago , Illinois . The Bears compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) North division . The Bears have won nine NFL Championships , including one Super Bowl , and hold the NFL record for the most enshrinees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the most retired jersey numbers . The Bears have also recorded more victories than any other NFL franchise . The franchise was founded in Decatur , Illinois , on September 17 , 1920 , and moved to Chicago in 1921 . It is one of only two remaining franchises from the NFL 's founding in 1920 , along with the Arizona Cardinals , which was originally also in Chicago . The team played home games at Wrigley Field on Chicago 's North Side through the 1970 season ; they now play at Soldier Field on the Near South Side , next to Lake Michigan . The Bears have a long-standing rivalry with the Green Bay Packers . The team headquarters , Halas Hall , is in the Chicago suburb of Lake Forest , Illinois . The Bears practice at adjoining facilities there during the season , and began hosting Training Camp at Halas Hall in 2020 after major renovations ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lawrence Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawrence_Taylor', 'summary': "Lawrence Julius Taylor ( born February 4 , 1959 ) , nicknamed L.T. , is an American former professional football player . Taylor played his entire professional career as a linebacker for the New York Giants ( 1981-1993 ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He is considered one of the greatest players in the history of American football , and has been ranked as the greatest defensive player in league history by former players , coaches , media members , and news outlets such as the NFL Network and Sporting News . After an All-American career at the University of North Carolina ( UNC ) ( 1978-1981 ) , Taylor was drafted by the Giants as the second overall selection in the 1981 NFL Draft . Although controversy surrounded the selection due to Taylor 's contract demands , the two sides quickly resolved the issue . Taylor won several defensive awards after his rookie season . Taylor is both the first and currently only NFL player to win the AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year award in his rookie season . Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s , Taylor was a disruptive force at outside linebacker , and is credited with changing defensive game plans , defensive pass rushing schemes , offensive line blocking schemes , and offensive formations used in the NFL . Taylor produced double-digit sacks each season from 1984 through 1990 , including a career-high of 20.5 in 1986 . He also won a record three AP NFL Defensive Player of the Year awards and was named the league 's Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) for his performance during the 1986 season . Taylor is one of only two defensive players in the history of the NFL to have ever won the NFL MVP award ( the other one being Alan Page in 1971 ) and no defensive player has won since him . He was named First-team All-Pro in nine of his first ten seasons ."}]}, {'value': '20.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Giants', 'summary': "The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . The team plays its home games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey , which it shares with the New York Jets . The Giants hold their summer training camp at the Quest Diagnostics Training Center at the Meadowlands Sports Complex . The Giants were one of five teams that joined the NFL in 1925 , and are the only one of that group still existing , as well as the league 's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States . The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles : four in the pre-Super Bowl era ( 1927 , 1934 , 1938 , 1956 ) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl ( XXI ( 1986 ) , XXV ( 1990 ) , XLII ( 2007 ) , and XLVI ( 2011 ) ) , along with more championship appearances than any other team , with 19 overall appearances . Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers ( 13 ) and the Chicago Bears ( 9 ) . Throughout their history , the Giants have featured 29 Hall of Fame players , including NFL Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) award winners Mel Hein , Frank Gifford , Y . A. Tittle , and Lawrence Taylor . To distinguish themselves from the professional baseball team of the same name , the football team was incorporated as the New York National League Football Company , Inc. in 1929 and changed to New York Football Giants , Inc. in 1937 . While the baseball team moved to San Francisco after the 1957 season , the football team continues to use New York Football Giants , Inc. as its legal corporate name , and is often referred to by fans and sportscasters as the New York Football Giants . The team has also acquired several nicknames , including Big Blue , the G-Men , and the Jints , an intentionally mangled contraction seen frequently in the New York Post and New York Daily News , originating from the baseball team when they were based in New York ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_White', 'summary': "Reginald Howard White ( December 19 , 1961 - December 26 , 2004 ) was an American professional football player who played defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) for 15 seasons during the 1980s and 1990s . He played college football for the University of Tennessee , and was recognized as an All-American . After playing two professional seasons for the Memphis Showboats of the United States Football League ( USFL ) , he was selected in the first round of the 1984 Supplemental Draft , and then played for the NFL 's Philadelphia Eagles , Green Bay Packers , and Carolina Panthers , becoming one of the most awarded players in NFL history . The two-time NFL Defensive Player of the Year , 13-time Pro Bowl , and 13-time All-Pro selection holds second place all-time among career sack leaders with 198 ( behind Bruce Smith 's 200 career sacks ) and was selected to the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team , NFL 1990s All-Decade Team , and the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team . During his professional career , he was also known for his Christian ministry as an ordained Evangelical minister , leading to his nickname , the Minister of Defense . White is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame and the Pro Football Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '21.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football team based in Philadelphia . The Eagles compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . In the 2017 season the team won Super Bowl LII , their first Super Bowl win in franchise history and their fourth NFL title overall , after winning the Championship Game in 1948 , 1949 , and 1960 . The franchise was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets , when a group led by Bert Bell secured the rights to an NFL franchise in Philadelphia . Bell , Chuck Bednarik , Bob Brown , Brian Dawkins , Reggie White , Steve Van Buren , Tommy McDonald , Greasy Neale , Pete Pihos , Harold Carmichael , Sonny Jurgensen , and Norm Van Brocklin have been inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame . The team has had an intense rivalry with the New York Giants . This rivalry is the oldest in the NFC East and is among the oldest in the NFL . It was ranked by NFL Network as the number one rivalry of all-time , Sports Illustrated ranks it as the fourth-best rivalry in the NFL , and according to ESPN , it is one of the fiercest and most well-known rivalries in the American football community . They also have a bitter rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys , which has become more high-profile since the 1960s , as well as a historic rivalry with the Washington Redskins . Their rivalry with the Pittsburgh Steelers is another bitter rivalry known as the battle of Pennsylvania , roughly dating back to 1933 . It mostly arises from the two teams ' statuses as being from opposite ends of the same state . The team consistently ranks among the best in the league in attendance and has sold out every game since the 1999 season ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie White ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Doleman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Doleman', 'summary': 'Christopher John Doleman ( October 16 , 1961 - January 28 , 2020 ) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He spent the majority of his career with the Minnesota Vikings , and also played for the Atlanta Falcons and San Francisco 49ers . Doleman was an eight-time Pro Bowl selection and a three-time first-team All-Pro , recording 150.5 career sacks . He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '21.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Derrick Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derrick_Thomas', 'summary': "Derrick Vincent Thomas ( January 1 , 1967 - February 8 , 2000 ) , nicknamed D.T. , was an American football linebacker and defensive end who played for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Thomas was drafted fourth overall by the Chiefs in the 1989 NFL Draft where he spent the entirety of his 11-year career until his death in 2000 . Considered one of the greatest pass rushers of all time , he was named to nine Pro Bowls and holds the record for most sacks in a single game at seven . After the conclusion of the Chiefs ' 1999 season , Thomas was involved in a car accident during the 1999-2000 NFL playoffs that left him paralyzed from the chest down . Days later , he died from a blood clot that developed in his paralyzed legs and traveled to his lungs , causing a pulmonary embolism . Thomas was posthumously inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2009 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '20.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City_Chiefs', 'summary': "The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) West division . The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt and was a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) . ( It is not associated with the NFL Dallas Texans . ) In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City and assumed its current name . The Chiefs joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970 . The team is valued at over $ 2 billion . Hunt 's son , Clark , serves as chairman and CEO . While Hunt 's ownership stakes passed collectively to his widow and children after his death in 2006 , Clark is the operating head of the franchise ; he represents the Chiefs at all league meetings and has ultimate authority on personnel changes . The Chiefs have won three AFL championships , in 1962 , 1966 , and 1969 . They became the second AFL team ( after the New York Jets ) to defeat an NFL team in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game , when they defeated the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV . The team 's victory on January 11 , 1970 , was the final such competition before the leagues ' merger went into full effect ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Swilling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Swilling', 'summary': 'Patrick Travis Swilling ( born October 25 , 1964 ) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played for the New Orleans Saints , Detroit Lions , and the Oakland Raiders . He earned five Pro Bowl appearances in his NFL career and was the Associated Press ( AP ) NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 1991 . He served from 2001 to 2004 as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives .'}]}, {'value': '17.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Orleans Saints', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints', 'summary': "The New Orleans Saints are a professional American football team based in New Orleans , Louisiana . The Saints currently compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) South division . The team was founded by John W. Mecom Jr. , David Dixon , and the city of New Orleans on November 1 , 1966 . The Saints began play in Tulane Stadium in 1967 where they remained until the 1974 NFL season , when they moved to the new Louisiana Superdome ( now the Mercedes-Benz Superdome ) . The name Saints is an allusion to November 1 being All Saints ' Day in the Catholic faith . New Orleans has a large Catholic population , and the spiritual When the Saints Go Marching In is strongly associated with New Orleans and is often sung by fans at games . The team 's primary colors are old gold and black ; their logo is a simplified fleur-de-lis . For most of their first 20 years , the Saints were barely competitive , only getting to .500 twice . In 1987 , they finished 12-3 - their first-ever winning season - and qualified for the NFL playoffs for the first time in franchise history , but lost to the Minnesota Vikings 44-10 . The next season in 1988 ended with a 10-6 record , but no playoff berth . Following the 2000 regular season , the Saints defeated the defending Super Bowl champion St. Louis Rams 31-28 to notch their first-ever playoff win . In 2005 , Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and much of the Gulf Coast region ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clyde Simmons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clyde_Simmons', 'summary': 'Clyde Simmons Jr. ( born August 4 , 1964 ) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League who played for the Philadelphia Eagles ( 1986-1993 ) , Arizona Cardinals ( 1994-1995 ) , Jacksonville Jaguars ( 1996-1997 ) , Cincinnati Bengals ( 1998 ) , and the Chicago Bears ( 1999-2000 ) . He graduated from Western Carolina University , and played in the 1983 NCAA Division I-AA National Championship game . He led the NFL with 19 sacks in 1992 and finished his career 11th all time on the NFL sack list , with 121.5 . He was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1991 and 1992 . Simmons also returned an interception for a touchdown against Jim Kelly and the Buffalo Bills in the 1996 NFL Playoffs .'}]}, {'value': '19.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles ( 3 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neil Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Smith_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Neil Smith ( born April 10 , 1966 ) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League . He played for the Kansas City Chiefs from 1988 to 1996 , the Denver Broncos from 1997 to 1999 , and the San Diego Chargers in 2000 . Before his NFL career , he played for the University of Nebraska where he was All-American in 1987 . He also co-owned an Arena Football team , the Kansas City Command .'}]}, {'value': '15.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Greene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Greene_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Kevin Darwin Greene ( born July 31 , 1962 ) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) for 15 years . Greene retired after the 1999 NFL season and ranks third amongst all-time sack leaders , leading the NFL twice in that category . He was a three-time All-Pro , was voted to the National Football League 1990s All-Decade Team , and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '14.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Steelers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . Founded in 1933 , the Steelers are the seventh-oldest franchise in the NFL , and they are the oldest franchise in the AFC . In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the pre-merger NFL , where they were the oldest team never to have won a league championship , the Steelers of the post-merger ( modern ) era are among the most successful NFL franchises . The team is tied with the New England Patriots for the most Super Bowl titles at six , and they have both played in ( 16 times ) and hosted ( 11 times ) more conference championship games than any other team in the NFL . The Steelers have also won eight AFC championships , tied with the Denver Broncos , but behind the Patriots ' record 11 AFC championships . The team is tied with the Broncos and Dallas Cowboys for the second-most Super Bowl appearances with eight . They lost their most recent championship appearance , Super Bowl XLV , on February 6 , 2011 . The Steelers , whose history may be traced to a regional pro team that was established in the early 1920s , joined the NFL as the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8 , 1933 . The team was owned by Art Rooney and took its original name from the baseball team of the same name , as was common practice for NFL teams at the time . To distinguish them from the baseball team , local media took to calling the football team the Rooneymen , an unofficial nickname that persisted for decades after the team had adopted its current nickname . The ownership of the Steelers has remained within the Rooney family since the organization 's founding ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bryce Paup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bryce_Paup', 'summary': 'Bryce Eric Paup ( born February 29 , 1968 ) is a former American football player who played as an outside linebacker for the Green Bay Packers ( 1990-94 ) , the Buffalo Bills ( 1995-97 ) , the Jacksonville Jaguars ( 1998-99 ) , and the Minnesota Vikings ( 2000 and 2002 ) .'}]}, {'value': '17.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo Bills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo_Bills', 'summary': "The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area . The Bills compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) , as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team plays their home games at New Era Field in Orchard Park , New York . The Bills are the only NFL team that plays its home games in the state of New York . The Bills conduct summer training camp at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford , New York , an eastern suburb of Rochester . The Bills began play as an original franchise of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 . The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL-NFL merger for the 1970 season . The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships ( back-to-back American Football League Championships ) . The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games . The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team 's founding in 1960 , until his death in 2014 at the age of 95 . After his death , Wilson 's estate reached an agreement to sell the team to Terry and Kim Pegula , which was approved by the other NFL team owners on October 8 , 2014 . The Bills formerly possessed the longest active playoff drought in any of the four major professional sports in North America : they did not qualify to play in the NFL playoffs from 1999 until 2017 and were the last NFL team ( and last team in the major North American professional sports leagues overall ) to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in the 21st century ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Greene ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carolina Panthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carolina_Panthers', 'summary': "The Carolina Panthers are a professional American football team based in Charlotte , North Carolina . The Panthers compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) , as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) South division . The team is headquartered in Bank of America Stadium in uptown Charlotte ; the stadium also serves as the team 's home field . They are one of the few NFL teams to own the stadium they play in , which is legally registered as Panthers Stadium , LLC . The Panthers are supported throughout the Carolinas ; although the team has played its home games in Charlotte since 1996 , it played home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson , South Carolina during its first season . The team hosts its annual training camp at Wofford College in Spartanburg , South Carolina . The Panthers were announced as the league 's 29th franchise in 1993 , and began play in 1995 under original owner and founder Jerry Richardson . The Panthers played well in their first two years , finishing 7-9 in 1995 ( an all-time best for an NFL expansion team 's first season ) and 12-4 the following year , winning the NFC West before ultimately losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game . They did not have another winning season until 2003 , when they won the NFC Championship Game and reached Super Bowl XXXVIII , losing 32-29 to the New England Patriots . After recording playoff appearances in 2005 and 2008 , the team failed to record another playoff appearance until 2013 , the first of three consecutive NFC South titles . After losing in the divisional round to the San Francisco 49ers in 2013 and the Seattle Seahawks in 2014 , the Panthers returned to the Super Bowl in 2015 , but lost to the Denver Broncos . The Panthers have reached the playoffs eight times , advancing to four NFC Championship Games and two Super Bowls ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Randle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Randle', 'summary': 'John Anthony Randle ( born December 12 , 1967 ) is a former American football defensive tackle who played for the Minnesota Vikings and the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League ( NFL ) . On February 6 , 2010 , he was voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame . Born in Mumford , Texas , Randle was raised poor and worked odd jobs when he was young . His brother Ervin Randle played as a linebacker for eight years . Randle played high school football in Hearne , Texas . He started his college playing career at Trinity Valley Community College , before transferring to Texas A & M University-Kingsville .'}]}, {'value': '15.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota Vikings ( 3 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Sinclair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Sinclair_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Michael Glenn Sinclair ( born January 31 , 1968 in Galveston , Texas ) is a former American football defensive end and defensive line coach . He played eleven seasons in the National Football League with the Seattle Seahawks and the Philadelphia Eagles . Sinclair was a three-time Pro Bowler in 1996 , 1997 and 1998 . He led the NFL in sacks in 1998 with 16.5 , which is also the Seahawks single season franchise record . Sinclair won the World Bowl as defensive line coach for the Hamburg Sea Devils in NFL Europa in 2007 . He was named the defensive line coach for the Montreal Alouettes in January 2008 , where he spent five seasons and won two Grey Cup championships . On January 18 , 2013 , Sinclair followed Alouettes head coach Marc Trestman to the Chicago Bears . Sinclair was fired on January 25 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '16.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle Seahawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks', 'summary': "The Seattle Seahawks are a professional American football team based in Seattle , Washington . The Seahawks compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) West division . They joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team . The Seahawks are coached by Pete Carroll . Since 2002 , they have played their home games at CenturyLink Field ( formerly Qwest Field ) , located south of downtown Seattle . They previously played home games in the Kingdome ( 1976-1999 ) and Husky Stadium ( 1994 , 2000-2001 ) . Seahawks fans have been referred to collectively as the 12th Man , 12th Fan , or 12s . The Seahawks ' fans have twice set the Guinness World Record for the loudest crowd noise at a sporting event , first registering 136.6 decibels during a game against the San Francisco 49ers in September 2013 , and later during a Monday Night Football game against the New Orleans Saints a few months later , with a then record-setting 137.6 dB . The Seahawks are the only NFL franchise based in the Pacific Northwest region of North America , and thus attract support from a wide geographical area , including some parts of Oregon , Montana , Idaho , and Alaska , as well as Canadian fans in British Columbia , Alberta and Saskatchewan . Steve Largent , Cortez Kennedy , Walter Jones , and Kenny Easley have been voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame primarily or wholly for their accomplishments as Seahawks . In addition to them , Dave Brown , Jacob Green , Dave Krieg , Curt Warner , and Jim Zorn have been inducted into the Seahawks Ring of Honor along with Pete Gross ( radio announcer ) and Chuck Knox ( head coach ) . The Seahawks have won 10 division titles and three conference championships ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Carter_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Kevin Louis Carter ( born September 21 , 1973 ) is an American former college and professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) for fourteen seasons in the 1990s and 2000s . Carter played college football for the University of Florida , and received All-American honors . A first-round pick in the 1995 NFL Draft , he played professionally for the St. Louis Rams , Tennessee Titans , Miami Dolphins , and Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL .'}]}, {'value': '17.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Louis Rams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Rams', 'summary': "In 1995 , the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League relocated the franchise from southern California to the Midwestern United States , moving to St. Louis , Missouri and becoming known as the St. Louis Rams . The Rams called St. Louis home from 1995 until the end of the 2015 season , after which they returned to playing in their former home in Los Angeles . The Rams ' relocation to St. Louis gave the city a professional football team for the first time since the end of the 1987 season . That was the last year that the now-Arizona Cardinals played there before moving to Tempe in 1988 . The relocation was the second in Rams franchise history ; the team previously called Cleveland , Ohio home until 1946 . The Rams played their home games at what is now known as The Dome at America 's Center in downtown St. Louis , which the city had been constructing for the previous few years in the hopes of gaining an NFL team . The city was left out of the expansion that brought Charlotte and Jacksonville into the league for 1995 and another attempt to secure a franchise fell through when the ownership group controlling the New England Patriots was forced out of power by their stadium 's owner and operator . The Rams new stadium was not ready for them when they initially arrived in Missouri , so they were forced to temporarily share Busch Memorial Stadium with the St. Louis Cardinals . Their first game in St. Louis against the New Orleans Saints was played on September 10 , 1995 with the Rams winning 17-13 . The then- Trans World Dome opened on November 12 , 1995 with the home team scoring a 28-17 victory against the Carolina Panthers . The Rams ' last game played in St. Louis , in what was by then known as the Edward Jones Dome , was against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 17 , 2015 , which they won , 31-23 . The Rams last game as a St. Louis-based franchise was on January 3 , 2016 , against the San Francisco 49ers at Levi 's Stadium , when they lost in overtime 19-16 ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': "La'Roi Glover", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/La'Roi_Glover", 'summary': "La'Roi Damon Glover ( /ləˈrɔɪ/ ; born July 4 , 1974 ) is a former American football defensive tackle and current assistant defensive line coach for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at San Diego State University . Glover enjoyed a 13-year career in which he made six-consecutive Pro Bowls and was a four-time All-Pro selection . He spent five seasons with the New Orleans Saints ( 1997-2001 ) , four seasons with the Dallas Cowboys ( 2002-2005 ) and finished his playing career with the St. Louis Rams ( 2006-2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': '17.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Orleans Saints ( 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Strahan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Strahan', 'summary': "Michael Anthony Strahan ( /ˈstreɪhæn/ ; born November 21 , 1971 ) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end and spent his entire 15-year career with the New York Giants of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Strahan set a record for the most sacks in a season in 2001 , and helped the Giants win Super Bowl XLII over the New England Patriots in his final season in 2007 . After retiring from the NFL , he became a media personality . He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014 . Strahan is a football analyst on Fox NFL Sunday , and co-host of ABC 's Good Morning America and its spinoff Strahan , Sara and Keke . He co-hosted the syndicated daytime talk show Live ! with Kelly and Michael with Kelly Ripa from 2012 to 2016 , for which he won two Daytime Emmy Awards . In 2014 , he became a regular contributor on Good Morning America , and in 2016 the network announced that Strahan would be leaving Live ! to join GMA full-time ."}]}, {'value': '22.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Giants ( 2 )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Sack leaders', 'section_text': 'League record Jared Allen led the league in sacks in 2007 and 2011', 'uid': 'List_of_National_Football_League_season_sacks_leaders_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of National Football League players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants holds the record with 22.5, which he had during the 2001 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the season leader in sacks. There have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with 2 different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with 4. Seven players have led the NFL in sacks twice, and nobody has led the league three times.'}
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What division does the highest annual amount of sacks player , play for ?
American Football Conference
feb0ac93e0308b66
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumpasri_United_F.C.', 'title': 'Jumpasri United F.C.', 'header': ['Location', 'Stadium', 'Year'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bang Kapi , Bangkok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bang_Kapi', 'summary': 'Bang Kapi ( Thai : บางกะปิ , pronounced [ bāːŋ kāpìʔ̚ ] ) is one of the 50 districts ( khet ) of Bangkok , Thailand . It is bounded by other Bangkok districts ( from north clockwise ) : Bueng Kum , Saphan Sung , Prawet , Suan Luang , Huai Khwang , Wang Thonglang , and Lat Phrao .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bangkok', 'summary': "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ."}]}, {'value': 'Klong Chan Sports Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klong_Chan_Sports_Center', 'summary': 'Klong Chan Sports Center ( Thai : สนามกีฬาการเคหะแห่งชาติคลองจั่น ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Bang Kapi , Bangkok , Thailand . It is currently used mostly for football matches . Coordinates : 13°46′41″N 100°38′42″E / 13.778111°N 100.644962°E / 13.778111 ; 100.644962'}]}, {'value': '2007-2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pathum Thani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pathum_Thani', 'summary': 'Pathum Thani ( Thai : ปทุมธานี , pronounced [ pā.tʰūm tʰāːnīː ] ) is a town ( thesaban mueang ) in central Thailand , directly north of Bangkok . It is the capital of the Pathum Thani Province , Thailand as well as the Mueang Pathum Thani district . As of 2005 , it has a population of 18,320 , covering the complete sub-district ( tambon ) Bang Parok . Pathum Thani hosted the 4th APEC Youth Science Festival in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Thanarom Village Football Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pathum Thani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pathum_Thani', 'summary': 'Pathum Thani ( Thai : ปทุมธานี , pronounced [ pā.tʰūm tʰāːnīː ] ) is a town ( thesaban mueang ) in central Thailand , directly north of Bangkok . It is the capital of the Pathum Thani Province , Thailand as well as the Mueang Pathum Thani district . As of 2005 , it has a population of 18,320 , covering the complete sub-district ( tambon ) Bang Parok . Pathum Thani hosted the 4th APEC Youth Science Festival in 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Saraburi Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saraburi_Stadium', 'summary': 'Saraburi Stadium or Saraburi Provincial Administrative Organization Stadium ( Thai : สนามกีฬากลางจังหวัดสระบุรี หรือ สนาม อบจ.สระบุรี ) , is a stadium located in Saraburi , Thailand . It is currently used for football matches . The stadium holds 6,000 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '2010-2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bang Kapi , Bangkok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bang_Kapi', 'summary': 'Bang Kapi ( Thai : บางกะปิ , pronounced [ bāːŋ kāpìʔ̚ ] ) is one of the 50 districts ( khet ) of Bangkok , Thailand . It is bounded by other Bangkok districts ( from north clockwise ) : Bueng Kum , Saphan Sung , Prawet , Suan Luang , Huai Khwang , Wang Thonglang , and Lat Phrao .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bangkok', 'summary': "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ."}]}, {'value': 'Rajamangala National Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajamangala_National_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Rajamangala National Stadium ( Thai : ราชมังคลากีฬาสถาน ; RTGS : Ratchamangkhala Kila Sathan , pronounced [ râːt.t͡ɕʰā.māŋ.kʰā.lāː kīː.lāː sā.tʰǎːn ] ) is the national stadium of Thailand and the home stadium for the Thailand national football team . It is part of the Hua Mak Sports Complex , and is located in Hua Mak Subdistrict , Bang Kapi , Bangkok . It officially opened in 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pathum Wan , Bangkok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pathum_Wan', 'summary': 'Pathum Wan ( Thai : ปทุมวัน , pronounced [ pā.tʰūm wān ] ) is one of the 50 districts ( khet ) of Bangkok , Thailand . The district is bounded by seven other districts ( from north clockwise ) : Ratchathewi ( across the Khlong Saen Saep canal ) , Watthana , Khlong Toei , Sathon , Bang Rak , Pom Prap Sattru Phai ( across the Khlong Phadung Krung Kasem canal ) , and Dusit .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bangkok', 'summary': "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ."}]}, {'value': 'Thephasadin Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thephasadin_Stadium', 'summary': "Thephasadin Stadium ( Thai : สนามเทพหัสดิน ) is a multi-purpose stadium within the grounds of Thailand 's National Stadium in Bangkok 's Pathum Wan District . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 6,378 spectators ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bang Kapi , Bangkok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bang_Kapi', 'summary': 'Bang Kapi ( Thai : บางกะปิ , pronounced [ bāːŋ kāpìʔ̚ ] ) is one of the 50 districts ( khet ) of Bangkok , Thailand . It is bounded by other Bangkok districts ( from north clockwise ) : Bueng Kum , Saphan Sung , Prawet , Suan Luang , Huai Khwang , Wang Thonglang , and Lat Phrao .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bangkok', 'summary': "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ."}]}, {'value': 'Rajamangala National Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajamangala_National_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Rajamangala National Stadium ( Thai : ราชมังคลากีฬาสถาน ; RTGS : Ratchamangkhala Kila Sathan , pronounced [ râːt.t͡ɕʰā.māŋ.kʰā.lāː kīː.lāː sā.tʰǎːn ] ) is the national stadium of Thailand and the home stadium for the Thailand national football team . It is part of the Hua Mak Sports Complex , and is located in Hua Mak Subdistrict , Bang Kapi , Bangkok . It officially opened in 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samut Prakan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samut_Prakan_Province', 'summary': 'Samut Prakan ( Thai : สมุทรปราการ , pronounced [ sāmùt prāːkāːn ] ( listen ) ) is one of the central provinces ( changwat ) of Thailand , established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan , Changwat Nonthaburi , Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok , Buddhist Era 2489 ( 1946 ) , which came into force 9 May 1946 . It is part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region . Neighbouring provinces are Bangkok , to the north and west , and Chachoengsao to the east . Suvarnabhumi Airport is located in the Bang Phli District of Samut Prakan Province as well as the districts of Prawet , Bang Kapi and Lat Krabang in neighbouring Bangkok city .'}]}, {'value': 'Samut Prakarn SAT Stadium ( Keha Bang Phli )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samut_Prakarn_SAT_Stadium_(Keha_Bang_Phli)', 'summary': 'Samut Prakarn SAT Stadium ( Keha Bang Phli ) ( Thai : สนามกีฬา การกีฬาแห่งประเทศไทยสมุทรปราการ เคหะบางพลี ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Bang Phli , Samut Prakan , Thailand . It is mostly used for football matches and currently the home stadium of Samut Prakan , competing in the Thai League 4 . The stadium holds the capacity of 5,100 spectators , recorded in 2017 . Samut Prakan City moved into the stadium for the 2019 season and made some changes to the stadium layout , building some terracing behind the goals so that fans would be closer to the pitch , and not behind the running track .'}]}, {'value': '2016-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maha Sarakham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maha_Sarakham_Province', 'summary': 'Maha Sarakham Province ( Thai : มหาสารคาม , pronounced [ mā.hǎː sǎː.rá.kʰāːm ] ) is one of the 76 provinces ( changwat ) of Thailand . It is in the northeastern ( Isan ) region of Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are ( from north clockwise ) : Kalasin , Roi Et , Surin , Buriram , and Khon Kaen . The town of Maha Sarakham is the provincial capital . It is the home of Mahasarakham University , the largest university in northeast Thailand with about 40,000 students , and Rajabhat Mahasarakham University . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Mahasarakham Province Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahasarakham_Province_Stadium', 'summary': 'Mahasarakham Province Stadium ( Thai : สนามกีฬากลางมหาสารคาม ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Maha Sarakham Province , Thailand . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Mahasarakham United F.C . The stadium holds 3,000 people .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Stadium and locations', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Osotspa_Saraburi_F.C._0', 'intro': "Jumpasri United (formerly Osotspa Samut Prakan) (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลจัมปาศรี ยูไนเต็ด) is a Thai football club based in Mahasarakham. This club plays in the Thai League 2. The club appeared in the AFC Cup 2007, the Asian equivalent of the UEFA Cup, and played its final group match against Singapore's Tampines Rovers on 22 May 2007 at the Thai Army Sports Stadium. In 2007, the team has adopted the yellow and red colours of its main sponsor, M-150 (energy drink), and now wears yellow shirts with red trim and red shorts and socks. In 2017, Super Power Samut Prakan leaving Samut Prakan Province and move to Maha Sarakham Province by merge with Jumpasri United. This moving was off the legend Osotspa Football Club or Super Power Samut Prakan one of the longest established football club in Thailand since 1977 with financial problems and sponsor support issues."}
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Which stadium was used earliest ? One that hosts football matches and is the home stadium of Mahasarakham United F.C. , or one which holds 6,000 spectators ?
Saraburi Stadium
feb3075bb3eb8d36
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_herbaria_in_Europe', 'title': 'List of herbaria in Europe', 'header': ['Name', 'No . Specimens', 'Abbr', 'Country', 'City'], 'data': [{'value': 'Swedish Museum of Natural History ( Naturhistoriska riksmuseet )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swedish_Museum_of_Natural_History', 'summary': 'The Swedish Royal Museum of Natural History ( Swedish : Naturhistoriska riksmuseet , literally , the National Museum of Natural History ) , in Stockholm , is one of two major museums of natural history in Sweden , the other one being located in Gothenburg . The museum was founded in 1819 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , but goes back to the collections acquired mostly through donations by the academy since its foundation in 1739 . These collections had first been made available to the public in 1786 . The museum was separated from the Academy in 1965 . One of the keepers of the collections of the academy during its earlier history was Anders Sparrman , a student of Carl Linnaeus and participant in the voyages of Captain James Cook . Another important name in the history of the museum is the zoologist , paleontologist and archaeologist Sven Nilsson , who brought the previously disorganised zoological collections of the museum into order during his time as keeper ( 1828-1831 ) before returning to Lund as professor . The present buildings for the museum in Frescati , Stockholm , was designed by the architect Axel Anderberg and completed in 1916 , topped with a dome . As of 2014 [ update ] it is the largest museum building in Sweden . The main campus of Stockholm University was later built next to the museum .'}]}, {'value': '4,400,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Helsinki', 'summary': "The University of Helsinki ( Finnish : Helsingin yliopisto , Swedish : Helsingfors universitet , Latin : Universitas Helsingiensis , abbreviated UH ) is a university located in Helsinki , Finland since 1829 , but founded in the city of Turku ( in Swedish Åbo ) in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo , at that time part of the Swedish Empire . It is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available . Around 36,500 students are currently enrolled in the degree programs of the university spread across 11 faculties and 11 research institutes . As of 1 August 2005 , the university complies with the harmonized structure of the Europe-wide Bologna Process and offers Bachelor , Master , Licenciate , and Doctoral degrees . Admission to degree programmes is usually determined by entrance examinations , in the case of bachelor 's degrees , and by prior degree results , in the case of master and postgraduate degrees . Entrance is particularly selective ( circa 15% of the yearly applicants are admitted ) . It has been ranked a top 100 university in the world according to the 2016 ARWU , QS and THE rankings . The university is bilingual , with teaching by law provided both in Finnish and Swedish . Since Swedish , albeit an official language of Finland , is a minority language , Finnish is by far the dominating language at the university . Teaching in English is extensive throughout the university at Master , Licentiate , and Doctoral levels , making it a de facto third language of instruction . Remaining true to its traditionally strong Humboldtian ethos , the University of Helsinki places heavy emphasis on high-quality teaching and research of a top international standard . It is a member of various prominent international university networks , such as Europaeum , UNICA , the Utrecht Network , and is a founding member of the League of European Research Universities ."}]}, {'value': '3,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'H', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Uppsala University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uppsala_University', 'summary': "Uppsala University ( Swedish : Uppsala universitet ) is a research university in Uppsala , Sweden . Founded in 1477 , it is the oldest university in Sweden and all of the Nordic countries still in operation . It ranks among the world 's 100 best universities in several high-profile international rankings . The university uses Gratiae veritas naturae as its motto and embraces natural sciences . The university rose to pronounced significance during the rise of Sweden as a great power at the end of the 16th century and was then given a relative financial stability with the large donation of King Gustavus Adolphus in the early 17th century . Uppsala also has an important historical place in Swedish national culture , identity and for the Swedish establishment : in historiography , literature , politics , and music . Many aspects of Swedish academic culture in general , such as the white student cap , originated in Uppsala . It shares some peculiarities , such as the student nation system , with Lund University and the University of Helsinki . Uppsala belongs to the Coimbra Group of European universities and to the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities . The university has nine faculties distributed over three disciplinary domains . It has about 44,000 registered students and 2,300 doctoral students . It has a teaching staff of roughly 1,800 ( part-time and full-time ) out of a total of 6,900 employees ."}]}, {'value': '3,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UPS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uppsala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uppsala', 'summary': "Uppsala ( /ˈʊpsɑːlə , ˈʌp-/ , also US : /-sələ , ˈuːpsɑːlə , ʊpˈsɑːlə/ or all ending in /-sɑːlɑː/ , Swedish : [ ˈɵ̂pːˌsɑːla ] ( listen ) ; archaically spelled Upsala ) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm , Gothenburg , and Malmö . It had 168,096 inhabitants in 2017 . Located 71 km ( 44 mi ) north of the capital Stockholm it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality . Since 1164 , Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden , being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden . Uppsala is home to Scandinavia 's largest cathedral - Uppsala Cathedral . Founded in 1477 , Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia . Among many achievements , the Celsius scale for temperature was invented there ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Copenhagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen', 'summary': 'The University of Copenhagen ( UCPH ) ( Danish : Københavns Universitet ) is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark . Founded in 1479 as a studium generale , it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University ( 1477 ) . The university today is state-funded , and has 23,473 undergraduate students , 17,398 postgraduate students , 2,968 doctoral students and over 9,000 employees . The university has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen , with the headquarters located in central Copenhagen . Most courses are taught in Danish ; however , many courses are also offered in English and a few in German . The university has several thousands of foreign students , about half of whom come from Nordic countries . The university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities ( IARU ) , along with University of Cambridge , Yale University , The Australian National University , and UC Berkeley , amongst others , and of the League of European Research Universities ( LERU ) . The 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks the University of Copenhagen as the best university in Scandinavia and 26th in the world , the 2020 U.S. News & World Report ranks it as 7th in Europe and 32nd in the World , the Times Higher Education World University Rankings as 101st in the world , and the 2016-2017 QS World University Rankings as 68th in the world . As of October 2019 , the university has had 39 Nobel laureates affiliated as alumni , faculty members and researchers , and has produced one Turing Award recipient .'}]}, {'value': '2,510,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Copenhagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Copenhagen', 'summary': "Copenhagen [ a ] ( Danish : København [ kʰøpm̩ˈhau̯ˀn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark . As of 1 January 2020 , the city had a population of 794,128 , 632,340 in Copenhagen Municipality , 104,305 in Frederiksberg Municipality , 42,989 in Tårnby Municipality , and 14,494 in Dragør Municipality . It forms the core of the wider urban area of Copenhagen ( population 1,320,629 ) and the Copenhagen metropolitan area ( population 2,557,737 ) . Copenhagen is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand ; another small portion of the city is located on Amager , and it is separated from Malmø , Sweden , by the strait of Øresund . The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road . Originally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand , Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century . Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions , defences and armed forces . During the renaissance the city served as the de facto capital being the seat of government of the Kalmar Union , governing the entire present day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway ruled by the Danish monarch serving as the head of state . The city flourished as the cultural and economic center of Scandinavia under the union for well over 120 years , starting in the 15th century up until the beginning of the 16th century when the union was dissolved with Sweden leaving the union through a rebellion . After a plague outbreak and fire in the 18th century , the city underwent a period of redevelopment . This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts . After further disasters in the early 19th century when Horatio Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city , rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen 's architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Botanical Museum , Lund', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,500,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lund', 'summary': "Lund ( /lʊnd/ , also US : /lʌnd/ LU ( U ) ND , Swedish : [ ˈlɵnːd ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the southern Swedish province of Scania , across the Øresund strait from Copenhagen . The town had 91,940 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 121,510 as of 2018 [ update ] . It is the seat of Lund Municipality , Skåne County . The Greater Copenhagen / Øresund Region , which includes Lund , is home to 4 million people . Archeologists date the foundation of Lund to around 990 , when Scania was part of Denmark . From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lund , and the towering Lund Cathedral , built circa 1090-1145 , still stands at the centre of the town . Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 , and its status as part of Sweden was formalised in 1720 . Lund University , established in 1666 , is one of Scandinavia 's oldest and largest institutions for education and research . The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city , and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high tech industry ."}]}, {'value': 'Botanical Museum , Oslo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,800,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'O', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oslo', 'summary': "Oslo ( /ˈɒzloʊ/ OZ-loh , also US : /ˈɒsloʊ/ OSS-loh , Norwegian : [ ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ] ( listen ) , rarely [ ˈʊ̂slʊ , ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ ] ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken , the northernmost Danish province . Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo , and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada . The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , during the reign of King Christian IV , a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king 's honour . It was established as a municipality ( formannskapsdistrikt ) on 1 January 1838 . The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814-1905 union between Sweden and Norway . From 1877 , the city 's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage , a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897 . In 1925 the city , after incorporating the village retaining its former name , was renamed Oslo . In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker , a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger , thus creating the modern , vastly enlarged Oslo municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Göteborg University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Göteborg_University', 'summary': "The University of Gothenburg ( Swedish : Göteborgs universitet ) is a university in Sweden 's second largest city , Gothenburg . The University is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and with 37,000 students and 6000 staff members it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries ."}]}, {'value': '1,600,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Göteborg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Göteborg', 'summary': "Gothenburg ( /ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [ jœtɛˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is the second-largest city in Sweden , fifth-largest in the Nordic countries , and capital of the Västra Götaland County . It is situated by Kattegat , on the west coast of Sweden , and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified , primarily Dutch , trading colony , by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus . In addition to the generous privileges ( e.g . tax relaxation ) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years ' War , the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia 's largest drainage basin enters the sea , the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries . Gothenburg is home to many students , as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology . Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927 . The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city . Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 30 km ( 19 mi ) southeast of the city center . The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the city center , was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Turku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Turku', 'summary': 'The University of Turku ( in Finnish Turun yliopisto , in Swedish Åbo universitet , shortened in UTU ) , located in Turku in southwestern Finland , is the third largest university in the country as measured by student enrollment , after the University of Helsinki and Tampere University . It was established in 1920 and also has facilities at Rauma , Pori , Kevo and Salo . The university is a member of the Coimbra Group .'}]}, {'value': '932,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TUR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turku', 'summary': 'Turku ( /ˈtʊərkuː/ TOOR-koo , Finnish : [ ˈturku ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Åbo [ ˈǒːbʊ ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈoːbu ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River , in the region of Finland Proper ( Varsinais-Suomi ) . The region was originally called Suomi ( Finland ) , which later became the name for the whole country . Turku , as a town , was never founded . The Pope first mentioned the town Aboa in his Bulla in 1229 and the year is now used as the foundation year of the city . As the oldest town in the country Turku was the most important city in Finland , a status it retained for hundreds of years throughout the centuries under the rule of the Kingdom of Sweden . After the war Finland became an autonomous grand duchy of the Russian Empire ( 1809 ) under the direct rule of the Czar and the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki ( 1812 ) . It was only after the last great fire in 1827 that most governmental institutions were moved to Helsinki along with the Academy of Turku ( Turun Akatemia ) founded in 1640 , which then became the University of Helsinki . Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland until the end of the 1840s , and it remains the regional capital and an important business and cultural center and port . Because of its long history , it has been the site of many important events , and has extensively influenced Finnish history . The history of the country is closely linked to Turku , the former capital . Along with Tallinn , the capital city of Estonia , Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011 . In 1996 , it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Aarhus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Aarhus', 'summary': "Aarhus University ( Danish : Aarhus Universitet , abbreviated AU ) is the largest and second oldest research university in Denmark [ nb 1 ] . The University is ranked among the top 100 world 's best universities , belongs to the Coimbra Group , the Guild , and Utrecht Network of European universities and is a member of the European University Association . The university was founded in Aarhus , Denmark , in 1928 and comprises four faculties in Arts , Science and Technology , Health , and Business and Social Sciences and has a total of twenty-seven departments . It is home to over thirty internationally recognised research centres , including fifteen Centres of Excellence funded by the Danish National Research Foundation . The business school within Aarhus University , called Aarhus BSS , holds the EFMD ( European Foundation for Management Development ) Equis accreditation , the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business ( AACSB ) and the Association of MBAs ( AMBA ) . This makes the business school of Aarhus University one of the few in the world to hold the so-called Triple Crown accreditation . Times Higher Education ranks Aarhus University in the top 10 of the most beautiful universities in Europe ( 2018 ) . The university 's alumni include Bjarne Stroustrup , the inventor of programming language C++ , Queen Margrethe II of Denmark , Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark , and Anders Fogh Rasmussen , former Prime Minister of Denmark and a Secretary General of NATO . It has affiliations with three Nobel Laureates : Jens Christian Skou in Chemistry ( 1997 ) , Trygve Haavelmo in Economics ( 1989 ) and Dale T. Mortensen in Economics ( 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': '700,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AAU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aarhus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aarhus', 'summary': 'Aarhus ( /ˈɔːrhuːs/ , also US : /ˈɑːr-/ , Danish : [ ˈɒːˌhuˀs ] ( listen ) ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 1 January 2011 ) [ note 1 ] is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality . It is located on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula , in the geographical centre of Denmark , 187 kilometres ( 116 mi ) northwest of Copenhagen and 289 kilometres ( 180 mi ) north of Hamburg , Germany . The inner urban area contains 273,077 inhabitants ( as of 1 January 2018 [ update ] ) and the municipal population is 340,421 ( as of 2018 [ update ] ) . Aarhus is the central city in Business Region Aarhus and in the East Jutland metropolitan area , which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016 . The history of Aarhus began as a fortified Viking settlement founded in the 8th century and with the first written records stemming from the bishopric seated here from at least 948 . The city was founded on the northern shores of a fjord at a natural harbour and the primary driver of growth was for centuries seaborne trade in agricultural products . Market town privileges were granted in 1441 , but growth stagnated in the 17th century as the city suffered blockades and bombardments during the Swedish Wars . In the 19th century it was occupied twice by German troops during the Schleswig Wars but avoided destruction . As the industrial revolution took hold , the city grew to become the second-largest in the country by the 20th century . Today , Aarhus is at the cultural and economic core of the region and the largest centre for trade , services , industry , and tourism in Jutland . The city ranks as the 92nd largest city in the European Union , and as number 234 among world cities . It is also a top 100 conference city in the world .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Bergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Bergen', 'summary': 'The University of Bergen ( Norwegian : Universitetet i Bergen , Urban East Norwegian : [ ʉnɪvæʂɪˈtèːtə ɪ ˈbæ̀rɡn̩ ] ) is a public university located in Bergen , Norway . The university today serves approximately 17,000 students , and is one of eight universities in Norway .'}]}, {'value': '700,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bergen', 'summary': "Bergen ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈbæ̀rɡn̩ ] ( listen ) ) , historically Bjørgvin , is a city and municipality in Vestland on the west coast of Norway . At the end of the first quarter of 2018 [ update ] , the municipality 's population was 280,216 , and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants . Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway . The municipality covers 465 square kilometres ( 180 sq mi ) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen . The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden , 'the city fjord ' , and the city is surrounded by mountains ; Bergen is known as the 'city of seven mountains ' . Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland , and consists of eight boroughs : Arna , Bergenhus , Fana , Fyllingsdalen , Laksevåg , Ytrebygda , Årstad , and Åsane . Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s . According to tradition , the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre and was named Bjørgvin , 'the green meadow among the mountains ' . It served as Norway 's capital in the 13th century , and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League . Until 1789 , Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was overtaken by the capital , Christiania ( now known as Oslo ) . What remains of the quays , Bryggen , is a World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Oulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Oulu', 'summary': "The University of Oulu ( Finnish : Oulun yliopisto ) is one of the largest universities in Finland , located in the city of Oulu . It was founded on July 8 , 1958 . The university has around 13,000 students and 2,900 staff . 21 International Master 's Programmes are offered at the university . The university is often ranked as one of the better universities in Finland and in the top-400 worldwide ."}]}, {'value': '500,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OULU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oulu', 'summary': "Oulu ( /ˈoʊluː/ OH-loo , Finnish : [ ˈou̯lu ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Uleåborg [ ʉːlɛɔˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is a city and municipality of 203,750 inhabitants ( 31 January 2019 ) in the region of North Ostrobothnia , Finland . It is the most populous city in Northern Finland , and the fifth most populous in the country . Only the city of Murmansk , Russia , has more people and is further north . Oulu is considered one of Europe 's living labs , where residents experiment with new technology ( such as NFC tags and ubi-screens ) on a community-wide scale ."}]}, {'value': 'Norwegian University of Science and Technology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology', 'summary': "The Norwegian University of Science and Technology ( Norwegian : Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet , NTNU ) is a public research university in Norway with the main campus in Trondheim and smaller campuses in Gjøvik and Ålesund . The largest university in Norway , NTNU has over 8,000 employees and over 40,000 students . NTNU in its current form was established by the King-in-Council in 1996 by the merger of the former University of Trondheim and other university-level institutions , with roots dating back to 1760 , and has later also incorporated some former university colleges . NTNU is consistently ranked in the top one percentage among the world 's universities , usually in the 101-400 range depending on ranking . NTNU has the main national responsibility for education and research in engineering and technology , and is the successor of Norway 's preeminent engineering university , the Norwegian Institute of Technology ( NTH ) , established by Parliament in 1910 as Norway 's national engineering university . In addition to engineering and natural sciences , the university offers higher education in other academic disciplines ranging from medicine , psychology , social sciences , the arts , teacher education , architecture and fine art . NTNU is well known for its close collaboration with industry , and particularly with its R & D partner SINTEF , which provided it with the biggest industrial link among all the technical universities in the world . The university 's academics include three Nobel laureates in medicine , Edvard Moser , May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe ."}]}, {'value': '430,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TRH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trondheim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trondheim', 'summary': 'Trondheim ( UK : /ˈtrɒndhaɪm , ˈtrɒnhaɪm/ , US : /ˈtrɒnheɪm/ , Urban East Norwegian : [ ˈtrɔ̂n ( h ) æɪm ] ( listen ) ; Southern Sami : Tråante ) , historically Kaupangen , Nidaros and Trondhjem , is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county , Norway . It has a population of 200,000 ( 01/01/2020 ) , and is the third most populous municipality in Norway , although the fourth largest urban area . Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the River Nidelva . The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology ( NTNU ) , the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research ( SINTEF ) , St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions . The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post , and it served as the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217 . From 1152 to 1537 , the city was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros ; since then , it has remained the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral . It was incorporated in 1838 . The current municipality dates from 1964 , when Trondheim merged with Byneset , Leinstrand , Strinda and Tiller . The city functions as the seat of the County Mayor of Trøndelag county , but not as the administrative centre , which is Steinkjer . This is to make the county more efficient and not too centralized , as Trøndelag is the second largest county in Norway .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Tromsoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Tromsoe', 'summary': "The University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway ( Norwegian : Universitetet i Tromsø - Norges arktiske universitet ) is the world 's northernmost university . Located in the city of Tromsø , Norway , it was established in 1968 , and opened in 1972 . It is one of eight universities in Norway . The University of Tromsø is the largest research and educational institution in northern Norway . The University 's location makes it a natural venue for the development of studies of the region 's natural environment , culture , and society . The main focus of the University 's activities is on auroral light research , space science , fishery science , biotechnology , linguistics , multicultural societies , Saami culture , telemedicine , epidemiology and a wide spectrum of Arctic research projects . The close vicinity of the Norwegian Polar Institute , the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research and the Polar Environmental Centre gives Tromsø added weight and importance as an international centre for Arctic research . Research activities , however , are not limited to Arctic studies . The University researchers work within a broad range of subjects and are recognised both nationally and internationally . On 1 January 2009 , the University of Tromsø merged with Tromsø University College . On 1 August 2013 , the university merged with Finnmark University College to form Universitetet i Tromsø - Norges arktiske universitet ( The University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway ) , thereby adding campuses in Alta , Hammerfest and Kirkenes . On 1 January 2016 , Narvik University College and Harstad University College merged with UiT - The Arctic University of Norway ."}]}, {'value': '320,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TROM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tromsoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tromsoe', 'summary': "Tromsø ( /ˈtrɒmsoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈtrɒmsɜː/ ; Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈtrʊ̂msœ ] ( listen ) ; Northern Sami : Romsa ; Kven : Tromssa , Swedish : Tromsö ) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tromsø . Tromsø lies in Northern Norway . The 2,521-square-kilometre ( 973 sq mi ) municipality is the 18th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway . Tromsø is the 9th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 71,590 ( 2014 ) . The municipality 's population density is 30.6 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 79/sq mi ) and its population has increased by 15.9% over the last decade . It is the largest urban area in Northern Norway and the third largest north of the Arctic Circle anywhere in the world ( following Murmansk and Norilsk ) . Most of Tromsø , including the city centre , is located on the island of Tromsøya , 350 kilometres ( 217 mi ) north of the Arctic Circle . In 2017 , the city of Tromsø had a population of about 65,000 people spread out over Tromsøya and parts of Kvaløya and the mainland . Tromsøya is connected to the mainland by the Tromsø Bridge and the Tromsøysund Tunnel , and to the island of Kvaløya by the Sandnessund Bridge . The municipality is warmer than most other places located on the same latitude , due to the warming effect of the Gulf Stream . Tromsø is even milder than places much farther south of it elsewhere in the world , such as on the Hudson Bay and in Far East Russia , with the warm-water current allowing for both relatively mild winters and tree growth in spite of its very high latitude ."}]}, {'value': 'Kuopio Natural History Museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '253,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KUO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuopio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuopio', 'summary': "Kuopio ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkuo̯pio ] ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia ( Pohjois-Savo ) . It has a population of 118,667 , which makes it the ninth-most populous city in Finland and the most populous city in Eastern Finland Province . Kuopio has a total area of 4,326.35 square kilometres ( 1,670.41 sq mi ) , of which 719.85 km2 ( 277.94 sq mi ) is water and half is forest . Though the city 's population is a spread-out 74/km2 ( 190/sq mi ) , the city 's urban areas are populated comparably densely ( urban area : 1,618 /km² ) , making Kuopio Finland 's second-most densely populated city . Since 1969 Kuopio has grown extensively through municipality mergers . Kuopio 's population surpassed 100,000 when the town of Nilsiä joined the city at the beginning of 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Jyväskylä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Jyväskylä', 'summary': "The University of Jyväskylä ( Finnish : Jyväskylän yliopisto ) is a research university in Jyväskylä , Finland . It has its origins in the first Finnish-speaking Teacher Training College ( the so-called Teacher Seminary ) , founded in 1863 . Around 15,000 students are currently enrolled in the degree programs of the university . It is ranked as the second largest university in Finland when measured according to the number of master 's degrees conferred ."}]}, {'value': '200,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JYV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jyväskylä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jyväskylä', 'summary': 'Jyväskylä ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈjyʋæsˌkylæ ] ) is a city and municipality in Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland , some 130 km north-east from Tampere . It is the largest city in the region of Central Finland and on the Finnish Lakeland . Elias Lönnrot , the compiler of the Finnish national epic , the Kalevala , gave the city the nickname Athens of Finland . This nickname refers to the major role of Jyväskylä as an educational centre . The works of the most famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city . The city hosts the Neste Oil Rally Finland , which is part of the World Rally Championship . It is also home of the annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival . As of 31 January 2019 , Jyväskylä had a population of 141,374 . The city has been one of the fastest growing cities in Finland during the 20th century . In 1940 , there were only 8,000 inhabitants in Jyväskylä . The Jyväskylä sub-region includes Jyväskylä , Hankasalmi , Laukaa , Muurame , Petäjävesi , Toivakka , and Uurainen .'}]}, {'value': 'Icelandic Institute of Natural History', 'urls': []}, {'value': '170,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ICEL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iceland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iceland', 'summary': "Iceland ( Icelandic : Ísland ; [ ˈistlant ] ( listen ) ) [ c ] is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic , with a population of 360,390 and an area of 103,000 km2 ( 40,000 sq mi ) , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . [ d ] The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains , and glaciers , and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls ( i.e. , slaves or serfs ) of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark , and Sweden ."}]}, {'value': 'Reykjavík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reykjavík', 'summary': "Reykjavík ( /ˈreɪkjəvɪk , -viːk/ RAYK-yə-vik , -\u2060veek ; Icelandic : [ ˈreiːcaˌviːk ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland . It is located in southwestern Iceland , on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay . Its latitude is 64°08 ' N , making it the world 's northernmost capital of a sovereign state . [ a ] With a population of around 128,793 ( and 228,231 in the Capital Region ) , it is the center of Iceland 's cultural , economic and governmental activity , and is a popular tourist destination . Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland , which , according to Landnámabók , was established by Ingólfr Arnarson in AD 874 . Until the 19th century , there was no urban development in the city location . The city was founded in 1785 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the following decades , as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce , population , and governmental activities . It is among the cleanest , greenest , and safest cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Umeå University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umeå_University', 'summary': "Umeå University ( Swedish : Umeå universitet ; Ume Sami : Ubmeje Universitiähta ) is a university in Umeå in the mid-northern region of Sweden . The university was founded in 1965 and is the fifth oldest within Sweden 's present borders . As of 2015 , Umeå University has nearly 31,000 registered students ( approximately 16,000 full-time students ) , including those at the postgraduate and doctoral level . It has more than 4,000 employees , half of which are teachers/researchers , including 368 professors . Internationally , the university is known for research relating to the genome of the Populus tree and the Norway Spruce , and its highly ranked Institute of ( industrial ) Design ."}]}, {'value': '170,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UME', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umeå', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umeå', 'summary': 'Umeå ( UK : /ˈuːməɔː/ OO-mə-aw , US : /ˈuːmeɪoʊ/ OO-may-oh , Swedish : [ ˈʉ̌ːmɛɔ ] ( listen ) , locally [ ˈʉ̌ːmɛ ] ( listen ) ; South Westrobothnian : [ ²ʉːm ] note ; Finnish : Uumaja ; Ume Sami : Ubmeje ; Southern Sami : Upmeje ; Northern Sami : Ubmi ) is a city in northeast Sweden . It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County . Situated on the Ume River , Umeå is the largest locality in Norrland and the thirteenth largest in Sweden , with 84,761 inhabitants in 2016 . The municipality had 123,382 inhabitants as of 2017 . When Umeå University was established in 1965 , growth sped up , and the amount of housing has doubled in the last 30 years . [ citation needed ] As of 2011 [ update ] , 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year . Umeå is a university town and centre of education , technical and medical research in northern Sweden , with two universities and over enrolled 39,000 students . [ citation needed ] Umeå was the European Capital of Culture during 2014 , along with Riga in Latvia .'}]}, {'value': 'Biological Museum , Oskarshamn', 'urls': []}, {'value': '155,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OHN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oskarshamn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oskarshamn', 'summary': 'Oskarshamn is a coastal city and the seat of Oskarshamn Municipality , Kalmar County , Sweden with 17,258 inhabitants in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_and_Agricultural_University', 'summary': 'The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University ( Danish : Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole , abbr . KVL ) was a veterinary and agricultural science university in Denmark . It was founded in 1856 and operated until 2007 , when it became a part of Copenhagen University . It had its headquarters in Frederiksberg , Copenhagen .'}]}, {'value': '90,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Copenhagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Copenhagen', 'summary': "Copenhagen [ a ] ( Danish : København [ kʰøpm̩ˈhau̯ˀn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark . As of 1 January 2020 , the city had a population of 794,128 , 632,340 in Copenhagen Municipality , 104,305 in Frederiksberg Municipality , 42,989 in Tårnby Municipality , and 14,494 in Dragør Municipality . It forms the core of the wider urban area of Copenhagen ( population 1,320,629 ) and the Copenhagen metropolitan area ( population 2,557,737 ) . Copenhagen is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand ; another small portion of the city is located on Amager , and it is separated from Malmø , Sweden , by the strait of Øresund . The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road . Originally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand , Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century . Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions , defences and armed forces . During the renaissance the city served as the de facto capital being the seat of government of the Kalmar Union , governing the entire present day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway ruled by the Danish monarch serving as the head of state . The city flourished as the cultural and economic center of Scandinavia under the union for well over 120 years , starting in the 15th century up until the beginning of the 16th century when the union was dissolved with Sweden leaving the union through a rebellion . After a plague outbreak and fire in the 18th century , the city underwent a period of redevelopment . This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts . After further disasters in the early 19th century when Horatio Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city , rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen 's architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Icelandic Institute of Natural History , Akureyri Division', 'urls': []}, {'value': '64,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMNH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iceland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iceland', 'summary': "Iceland ( Icelandic : Ísland ; [ ˈistlant ] ( listen ) ) [ c ] is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic , with a population of 360,390 and an area of 103,000 km2 ( 40,000 sq mi ) , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . [ d ] The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains , and glaciers , and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls ( i.e. , slaves or serfs ) of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark , and Sweden ."}]}, {'value': 'Akureyri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akureyri', 'summary': "Akureyri [ ˈaːkʰʏrˌeiːrɪ ] ( listen ) is a town in northern Iceland . It is Iceland 's fifth largest municipality , after Reykjavík , Hafnarfjörður , Kópavogur , and Reykjanesbær . Nicknamed the Capital of North Iceland , Akureyri is an important port and fishing centre . The area where Akureyri is located was settled in the 9th century but did not receive a municipal charter until 1786 . The town was the site of Allied units during World War II . Further growth occurred after the war as the Icelandic population increasingly moved to urban areas . The area has a relatively mild climate because of geographical factors , and the town 's ice-free harbour has played a significant role in its history ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Northern Europe -- Scandinavia', 'section_text': 'The following table includes herbaria located in Scandinavia , including Denmark and Iceland .', 'uid': 'List_of_herbaria_in_Europe_7', 'intro': 'This is a list of herbaria in Europe, organized first by region where the herbarium is located (using the United Nations geoscheme for Europe), then within each region by size of the collection. For other continents, see List of herbaria.'}
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What River is the city on that has a herbarium of a University that has more than 4,000 employees ?
Ume
feb377d449f306d5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan', 'title': 'Nishan-e-Pakistan', 'header': ['Year', 'Name', 'Field', 'Country'], 'data': [{'value': '1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sartaj Aziz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sartaj_Aziz', 'summary': "Sartaj Aziz ( Urdu : سرتاج عزيز ; born 7 February 1929 ) is an economist and a strategist , having previously served as the deputy chairman of the Planning Commission of Pakistan , member of the federal cabinet as the de facto Minister for Foreign Affairs , a Federal Senator as well as the National Security Advisor . Born in north-western British India , as a student Aziz was an activist in the Pakistan Movement . Aziz went on to study economics at Punjab University and later studied public administration at Harvard Kennedy School . He served as a civil servant from 1952 to 1971 within Pakistan 's federal government , also serving as the joint secretary in the planning commission between 1967 and 1971 . In 1971 , Aziz joined the Food and Agriculture Organization and served as its Director of Commodities , only to move to the International Fund for Agricultural Development where he served as the Assistant President , Policy and Planning between December 1977 to April 1984 . Aziz returned to Pakistan in 1984 and served as a junior minister for Agriculture and Food Security until 1988 under the conservative Junejo administration . He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan in 1988 and re-elected in 1993 from the center-right PML-N , and served in both Sharif administrations first as the Minister of Finance from August 1990 to June 1993 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from August 1998 until 1999 coup d'état . He is noted as the only cabinet member who opposed the decision of conducting nuclear tests in response to India , citing 'economic reasons ' . During his tenure as the Finance Minister he was noted a strong proponent of economic liberalization . In 2004 , he moved to academia , and became the vice-chancellor of Beaconhouse National University ; he also taught at economics at the university . Aziz authored Between Dreams and Realities , which was published in 2009 . He remained with the university until 2013 , when he joined the Nawaz Sharif 's third administration as an advisor in-charge of country 's foreign policy ; he also served as the National Security Advisor between 2013 and 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Economics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Economics', 'summary': 'Economics ( /ɛkəˈnɒmɪks , iːkə-/ ) is the social science that studies how individuals , organizations , and societies manage the scarce resources under their control for the satisfaction of their needs and desires . Economics focuses on the behavior and interactions of economic agents and how those interactions work particularly and as a whole . Microeconomics analyzes individual agents , industries and markets , their interactions , and the outcomes of their interactions . Individual agents may include , for example , households , firms , buyers , and sellers . Macroeconomics analyzes the entire economy ( meaning aggregated production , consumption , saving , and investment ) and issues affecting it , including unemployment of resources ( labor , capital , and land ) , inflation , economic growth , and the public policies that address these issues ( monetary , fiscal , and other policies ) . See glossary of economics . Other broad distinctions within economics include those between positive economics , describing what is , and normative economics , advocating what ought to be ; between economic theory and applied economics ; between rational and behavioural economics ; and between mainstream economics and heterodox economics . Economic analysis can be applied throughout society , in real estate , business , finance , health care , and government . Economic analysis is sometimes also applied to such diverse subjects as crime , education , the family , law , politics , religion , social institutions , war , science , and the environment .'}]}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rashid Ahmed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rashid_Ahmed', 'summary': 'Rear-Admiral Rashid Ahmed ( Urdu : رشيد احمد ; b . 1918-2005 ) , SK , TQA , was a two-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy , who is known for serving as Chief of Staff under Commander in Chief Vice-Admiral Muzaffar Hassan and led the Navy during the fateful events in the war with India in 1971 .'}]}, {'value': 'Naval officer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hermanegild Marcos Antonio Drago', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Community service', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aslam Azhar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aslam_Azhar', 'summary': 'Aslam Azhar ( Urdu : اسلم اظہر ; September 1932 - 29 December 2015 ) was a Pakistan Television executive , considered to be the father of Pakistan Television . He was the first Chairman and Managing Director of PTV first appointed during Ayub Khan government in November 1964 when PTV Lahore Center first started broadcasting and went on the air . He was awarded the Tamgha-i-Pakistan ( Medal of Pakistan ) for his pioneering services in the television broadcasting field by the President of Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Television Broadcasting', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Hussain A Kazi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Hussain_A_Kazi', 'summary': 'Ahmed Hussain A. Kazi Tamgha-e-Pakistan ( Medal of Pakistan ) Award ( 15 August 1920 - 7 January 2007 ) was a civil servant of Pakistan and senior advocate of the Pakistan Supreme Court , who shaped the internal revenue , economic and industrialization policies during the 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Public Service', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neerja Harish Bhanot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neerja_Bhanot', 'summary': "Neerja Bhanot , Ashoka Chakra ( 7 September 1963 - 5 September 1986 ) was an Indian head purser who died while saving passengers on Pan Am Flight 73 which had been hijacked by terrorists during a stopover in Karachi , Pakistan , on 5 September 1986 . Posthumously , she became the youngest recipient of India 's highest peacetime gallantry , the Ashok Chakra Award , as well as several other accolades from the government of Pakistan and the United States . She was shot while helping passengers escape through the emergency exits . Her life and heroism inspired the biopic Neerja , released in 2016 and directed by Ram Madhvani ."}]}, {'value': 'Public Service', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emmanuel Nicholas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmanuel_Nicholas', 'summary': "Emmanuel Nicholas is a Sri Lankan Tamil , who was born in Sri Lanka on 2 January 1939 . Nicholas , a De La Salle Christian Brother , was 27 when he left Sri Lanka for Pakistan , to teach mathematics and science at La Salle High School Multan . He taught there until 1968 . His students included Yousuf Raza Gillani who become prime minister of Pakistan in March 2008 . As a De La Salle Brother , he considers his mission in life is to educate the poor in the slums and rural outbacks . When St. Vincents school , in Mian Channu on the Multan-Lahore road , wanted a principal in 1968 , Nicholas volunteered for the job . Mian Channu was a Christian village of about 600 families and the school was built for their children . Nicholas also considered former President Zia ul-Haq to be a close friend . He also attended Fordham University in New York City , where he earned a master 's degree in counseling . In 1979 , he left Pakistan to return to his native Sri Lanka . The President of Pakistan conferred the civil award of Tamgha-e-Imtiaz ( Medal of Pakistan ) on Bro . Emmanuel in recognition of his outstanding and meritorious services for the education sector in Pakistan ."}]}, {'value': 'Community ( Education )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Lanka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sri_Lanka', 'summary': "Sri Lanka ( UK : /sri ˈlæŋkə , ʃriː -/ , US : /- ˈlɑːŋkə/ ( listen ) ; Sinhala : ශ්\u200dරී ලංකා Śrī Laṃkā ; Tamil : இலங்கை Ilaṅkai ) , officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka , is an island country in South Asia , located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea . The island is geographically separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait . The legislative capital , Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte , is a suburb of the commercial capital and largest city , Colombo . Sri Lanka 's documented history spans 3,000 years , with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years . It has a rich cultural heritage , and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka , the Pāli Canon , date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC . Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to the modern Maritime Silk Road . Sri Lanka was known in the west and from the beginning of British colonial rule as Ceylon ( /sɪˈlɒn/ , US also /seɪˈlɒn/ ) . A nationalist political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century to obtain political independence , which was granted in 1948 ; the country became a republic and adopted its current name in 1972 . Sri Lanka 's recent history has been marred by a 26-year civil war , which ended decisively when the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) in 2009 . The current constitution stipulates the political system as a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system . It has had a long history of international engagement , as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , and a member of the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations , the G77 , and the Non-Aligned Movement . Along with the Maldives , Sri Lanka is one of only two South Asian countries rated high on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , with its HDI rating and per capita income the highest among South Asian nations ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Li Xiaolin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Li_Xiaolin', 'summary': 'Li Xiaolin ( Chinese : 李小琳 ; born June 1961 ) is a Chinese businesswoman , currently serving as vice-president of the China Datang Corporation , a state-owned power generation enterprise . She is the former CEO of China Power International Development ( SEHK : 2380 ) . She is the only daughter of former Chinese Premier Li Peng and his wife Zhu Lin . She was trained as a power generation engineer at Tsinghua University .'}]}, {'value': 'Community ( Investment )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muhammad Ayhan Murtaza', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Community ( Education )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Recipients of the Tamgha-e-Pakistan', 'section_text': 'Tamgha-e-Pakistan ( Medal of Pakistan ) , stands fourth in hierarchy of civilian awards after the Nishan-e-Pakistan , Hilal-e-Pakistan , Sitara-e-Pakistan .', 'uid': 'Nishan-e-Pakistan_1', 'intro': 'The Nishan-e-Pakistan (Urdu: نشان پاکستان , English: Order of Pakistan) is the highest of civil awards and decorations given by the Government of Pakistan for the highest degree of service to the country and nation of Pakistan. The award was established on 19 March 1957. The Nishan-e-Pakistan, unlike other honours, is a highly restricted and most prestigious award and is only conferred for the merit and distinguished services to the country, international community, and foreign relations. This award, like other civilian awards, is announced on 14 August each year and its investiture takes place on following 23 March. Recipients are entitled to the post-nominal NPk.'}
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What field did the person receive the award for who was born in August 1920 and was from pakistan ?
Public Service
feb4d515d71b6970
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_at_the_European_Road_Championships', 'title': 'Sweden at the European Road Championships', 'header': ['Medal', 'Championship', 'Name', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 Villach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 1997 European Road Championships were held in Villach , Austria , in September 1997 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men .'}]}, {'value': 'Izasqun Bengoa', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 time trial", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 Uppsala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 1998 European Road Championships were held in Uppsala , Sweden , in August 1998 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men .'}]}, {'value': 'Susanne Ljungskog', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susanne_Ljungskog', 'summary': 'Susanne Ljungskog ( born 16 March 1976 in Halmstad ) is a Swedish cyclist . A four-time Olympian ( 1996 , 2000 , 2004 and 2008 ) , she won the world road race championship in 2002 and 2003 . The same years , she was UCI points champion . She has also won two World Cup races . Ljungskog received the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 road race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 Uppsala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 1998 European Road Championships were held in Uppsala , Sweden , in August 1998 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men .'}]}, {'value': 'Susanne Ljungskog', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susanne_Ljungskog', 'summary': 'Susanne Ljungskog ( born 16 March 1976 in Halmstad ) is a Swedish cyclist . A four-time Olympian ( 1996 , 2000 , 2004 and 2008 ) , she won the world road race championship in 2002 and 2003 . The same years , she was UCI points champion . She has also won two World Cup races . Ljungskog received the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 time trial", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 Kielce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2000 European Road Championships were held in Kielce , Poland , between August 3 and August 5 , 2000 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under-23 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stefan Adamsson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefan_Adamsson', 'summary': 'Stefan Adamsson ( born 3 January 1978 ) is a Swedish former cyclist .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's under-23 road race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002 Bergamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2002 European Road Championships were held in Bergamo , Italy , between August 2 and August 4 , 2002 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under-23 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonas Olsson', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's under-23 time trial", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 Otepää', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2004 European Road Championships were held in Otepää , Estonia between 6 August and 10 August 2004 , regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under 23 .'}]}, {'value': 'Monica Holler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Holler', 'summary': 'Monica Holler ( born May 15 , 1984 in Laxå ) is a Swedish professional cyclist . She is part of the 2006 Bigla Cycling Team .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 road race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2005 European Road Championships were held in Moscow , Russia , between July 7 and July 10 , 2005 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under 23 and juniors .'}]}, {'value': 'Monica Holler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Holler', 'summary': 'Monica Holler ( born May 15 , 1984 in Laxå ) is a Swedish professional cyclist . She is part of the 2006 Bigla Cycling Team .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 road race", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 Valkenburg-Heerlen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2006 European Road Championships were held in Valkenburg and Heerlen , Netherlands , between July 13 and July 16 , 2006 . Regulated by the European Cycling Union . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under 23 and juniors .'}]}, {'value': 'Monica Holler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Holler', 'summary': 'Monica Holler ( born May 15 , 1984 in Laxå ) is a Swedish professional cyclist . She is part of the 2006 Bigla Cycling Team .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 road race", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2006_European_Road_Championships_–_Women's_under-23_road_race", 'summary': "The Women 's U23 road race at the 2006 European Road Championships took place on July 15 . The Championships were hosted by the Dutch city of Valkenburg . The course was 110 km long and started in the morning ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 Hooglede-Gits', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2009 European Road Championships were held in Hooglede-Gits and Oostende , Belgium , between 1-5 July 2009 . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under 23 and juniors . The championships were regulated by the European Cycling Union .'}]}, {'value': 'Emilia Fahlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emilia_Fahlin', 'summary': "Emilia Fahlin ( born 24 October 1988 in Örebro , Sweden ) is a Swedish road racing cyclist , who currently rides for UCI Women 's WorldTeam FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope . Fahlin has won the Swedish National Road Race Championships three times ( 2008 , 2013 , 2018 ) and the Swedish National Time Trial Championships three times in a row from 2009 to 2011 ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 time trial", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/2009_European_Road_Championships_–_Women's_under-23_time_trial", 'summary': "The Women 's under-23 time trial at the 2009 European Road Championships took place on July 1 . The Championships were hosted by the Belgian city of Hooglede-Gits . The course was 28.1 km long and had stone sections that were also uphill . The uphill part was seen as an important part of the course where you could easily lose seconds . Team Columbia-HTC 's Dutch women Ellen van Dijk won the U23 women 's individual time trial for the second consecutive year . Van Dijk completed the 28-kilometre course in a time of 36:41 ( 41.1 km/h ) , beating Swedish Emilia Fahlin , her teammate , by 20 seconds . She was very happy with the result because she suffered a concussion in April and was unable to cycle for almost six weeks , lowering her expectations for success ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 Ankara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_European_Road_Championships', 'summary': 'The 2010 European Road Championships were held in Ankara , Turkey , between 15 and 18 July 2010 . The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men and women under 23 and juniors . The championships were regulated by the European Cycling Union .'}]}, {'value': 'Emilia Fahlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emilia_Fahlin', 'summary': "Emilia Fahlin ( born 24 October 1988 in Örebro , Sweden ) is a Swedish road racing cyclist , who currently rides for UCI Women 's WorldTeam FDJ Nouvelle-Aquitaine Futuroscope . Fahlin has won the Swedish National Road Race Championships three times ( 2008 , 2013 , 2018 ) and the Swedish National Time Trial Championships three times in a row from 2009 to 2011 ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's under-23 time trial", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of medalists', 'section_text': "Emilia Fahlin won the silver medal in the women 's time trial in 2009 behind Ellen van Dijk .", 'uid': 'Sweden_at_the_European_Road_Championships_0', 'intro': 'Sweden at the European Road Championships is an overview of the Swedish results at the European Road Championships. Sweden hosted the European Road Championships in Uppsala in 1998.'}
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What medal did the athlete receive who participated in the championship that was held in Italy , between August 2 and August 4 ?
Gold
feb538742962f731
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Collingwood_Football_Club_season', 'title': '2014 Collingwood Football Club season', 'header': ['No', 'Name', 'Position', 'via'], 'data': [{'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alan Didak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Didak', 'summary': 'Alan Didak ( born 15 February 1983 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer of Croatian descent who played for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward / Midfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Centre_line_(football)', 'summary': 'The Centre line refers to a set of positions on an Australian rules football field . It consists of 3 players , two on the wings ( left and right ) , and one in the centre .'}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darren Jolly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darren_Jolly', 'summary': "Darren Jolly ( born 6 November 1981 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club , the Sydney Swans and the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He is best known for being the ruckman in Sydney 's 2005 premiership win and also Collingwood 's 2010 premiership win ."}]}, {'value': 'Ruckman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruckman_(Australian_rules_football)', 'summary': "In Australian rules football , a ruckman or ruckwoman is typically a tall and athletic player who contests at centre bounces and stoppages ( such as boundary throw-ins and ball-ups ) . The ruckman is one of the most important players on the field . They are often key to coaching strategy and winning centre clearances which result in the most goal kicking opportunities ( inside 50s ) . The role of the ruckman in Australian rules is similar to a lock in rugby union contesting a line-out . The key differences are that with the exception of boundary throw-ins , the ball is almost always thrown straight up high into the air rather than horizontally , so in this respect , the ruckman is similar to a basketball centre . The ruckman needs to be able to control the ball by palm tap or fist with outstretched arms . Unlike rugby , the ruckman must rely on his vertical leap and is not assisted by teammates . Australian football rucking often involves vigorous mid-air collisions with the opposing ruckman . With no offside or knock on rules , the ruckman can tap the ball in any direction . Before a bounce down or ball up , ruckmen confer with the onballers ( rovers and ruck-rovers ) to pre-determine the direction of the tap so that they can position themselves to best receive it to the team 's advantage . The ruckman is typically the tallest player on either team . A typical professional Australian Football League ruckman is over 200 cm or 6 ' 7 ."}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordan Russell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan_Russell', 'summary': "Jordan Russell ( born 6 November 1986 ) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League . Russell was recruited as the number 9 draft pick in the 2004 AFL Draft from West Adelaide . He made his AFL debut for the Carlton Football Club in Round 15 , 2005 against St Kilda , his only match for the year . He spent most of the season developing in Carlton 's VFL-affiliate , the Northern Bullants . In 2006 , he broke into the senior team , playing ten games , mostly off the bench . Russell expressed his desire to move back to South Australia for the 2007 season , with Port Adelaide seeking to trade for him , but no deal was made between the two clubs , and Russell re-signed with Carlton on 16 October 2006 to a two-year deal . In 2007 , Russell played 18 games , but had not yet stamped himself as a definite future player . Under coach Denis Pagan , he struggled for game time , and usually played completely defensive tagging roles , with reasonable success . Pagan was replaced as coach by Brett Ratten in late 2007 , and he began to play Russell in the midfield and half-forward line . He played 21 of 22 games in 2008 , and earned another two-year contract . In 2009 , Russell played 20 of 23 games , but was dropped briefly at midseason on form . This turned out to be a major turning point in Russell 's career , as his form upon return to the seniors was outstanding ."}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew Krakouer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Krakouer', 'summary': 'Andrew James Krakouer ( born 4 February 1983 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club and Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_half-forward', 'summary': "In Australian rules football , the centre half-forward is a position on the half-forward line of a football field . The directly opposing player is a centre half-back . Wayne Carey of the North Melbourne and Adelaide football clubs is often considered to be the greatest centre half-forward of all time . The centre half-forward 's role is usually the most demanding of any player on field , with a tall frame , strength and most importantly , athleticism , required . Usually the best backman will be used to cover a quality CHF , unless the opposing full-forward is so good they take priority . Thus , an attacking team with a solid combination of both centre half-forward and full-forward will seriously stretch a defence . If a team in the AFL played without a reliable centre half-forward , then they would often struggle to win games or make an impact on the competition . Great centre half-forwards have the ability to turn games on their heads and practically win a match singlehandedly for their team . A primary skill needed is good marking ability , with long-range goalkicking also being of great value . CHFs frequently line up shots on goal from about 50 metres out , often as wide as the boundary . At AFL level especially , kicking goals on-the-run while running into the 50-metre arc is a significant and requisite skill , as well as being able to pick out markers closer to the goal square . The position is very strenuous , and players who specialise as CHFs often have unnaturally shortened careers - Dermott Brereton is a good example of a great player worn out too quickly ."}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Richmond', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forward / Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Hartley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Hartley_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Michael Hartley ( born 7 June 1993 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dale Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dale_Thomas_(footballer)', 'summary': "Dale Robert Jordan 'Daisy ' Thomas ( born 21 June 1987 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Thomas was a priority pick in 2005 where he then played with the Collingwood Football Club from 2006 to 2013 before transferring to the Blues in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder / Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_line_(football)', 'summary': 'The Centre line refers to a set of positions on an Australian rules football field . It consists of 3 players , two on the wings ( left and right ) , and one in the centre .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'restricted free agent', 'urls': []}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heath Shaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heath_Shaw', 'summary': 'Heath Shaw ( born 27 November 1985 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He previously played for the Collingwood Football Club from 2004 to 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'trade', 'urls': []}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jackson Paine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackson_Paine', 'summary': 'Jackson Paine is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club and Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was recruited by the Collingwood Football Club with pick 50 in the 2011 national draft . Paine made his debut in round 1 , 2012 against Hawthorn . He was traded in a straight swap for Patrick Karnezis in the 2013 trade period . He was delisted by Brisbane in October 2015 , however , he was re-drafted in the 2016 rookie draft . He was delisted again by Brisbane at the end of the 2016 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'trade', 'urls': []}, {'value': '44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corey Gault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corey_Gault', 'summary': 'Corey Gault ( born 28 October 1992 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He made his debut for Collingwood against Hawthorn in round 23 of the 2014 AFL season . Gault was delisted at the end of 2013 season but was given another chance and re-drafted to the rookie list via the 2014 AFL Rookie Draft . Standing at 199 cm and 96 kg Gault is a tall forward . In October 2016 , Gault retired from AFL level football to return home to Western Australia and re-joined the Swan Districts .'}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Maxwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Maxwell', 'summary': 'Nicholas Maxwell ( born 3 June 1983 ) is a former Australian rules football player and former captain of the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Defender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'retired', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Hudson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Hudson', 'summary': 'Ben Hudson ( born 24 February 1979 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club , Western Bulldogs , Brisbane Lions and Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He has served as the defensive skills , ruck and forwards coach at the Brisbane Lions since September 2014 . He was also the ruck coach for Collingwood after being selected as a mature age rookie player in the 2012 rookie draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Ruckman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruckman_(Australian_rules_football)', 'summary': "In Australian rules football , a ruckman or ruckwoman is typically a tall and athletic player who contests at centre bounces and stoppages ( such as boundary throw-ins and ball-ups ) . The ruckman is one of the most important players on the field . They are often key to coaching strategy and winning centre clearances which result in the most goal kicking opportunities ( inside 50s ) . The role of the ruckman in Australian rules is similar to a lock in rugby union contesting a line-out . The key differences are that with the exception of boundary throw-ins , the ball is almost always thrown straight up high into the air rather than horizontally , so in this respect , the ruckman is similar to a basketball centre . The ruckman needs to be able to control the ball by palm tap or fist with outstretched arms . Unlike rugby , the ruckman must rely on his vertical leap and is not assisted by teammates . Australian football rucking often involves vigorous mid-air collisions with the opposing ruckman . With no offside or knock on rules , the ruckman can tap the ball in any direction . Before a bounce down or ball up , ruckmen confer with the onballers ( rovers and ruck-rovers ) to pre-determine the direction of the tap so that they can position themselves to best receive it to the team 's advantage . The ruckman is typically the tallest player on either team . A typical professional Australian Football League ruckman is over 200 cm or 6 ' 7 ."}]}, {'value': 'retired', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quinten Lynch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quinten_Lynch', 'summary': "Quinten Peter Lynch ( born 24 January 1983 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Collingwood Football Club and the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Originally from Grass Patch , a rural farming community near Esperance , Western Australia , he played for the West Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) before being recruited to West Coast with the 19th pick overall in the 2002 Rookie Draft . A utility player , Lynch began his career as a defender , but later switched to the forward line , leading West Coast 's goalkicking in 2006 and 2007 , as well as playing in the club 's 2006 premiership side . He also finished second in the club 's best and fairest award in 2008 . Lynch quit West Coast at the end of the 2012 season , moving to Collingwood under newly implemented free agency rules . Overall , he played 209 games for West Coast ."}]}, {'value': 'Utility', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_rules_football_positions', 'summary': "In the sport of Australian rules football , each of the eighteen players in a team is assigned to a particular named position on the field of play . These positions describe both the player 's main role and by implication their location on the ground . As the game has evolved , tactics and team formations have changed , and the names of the positions and the duties involved have evolved too . There are 18 positions in Australian rules football , not including four ( sometimes 6-8 ) interchange players who may replace another player on the ground at any time during play . The fluid nature of the modern game means the positions in football are not as formally defined as in sports such as rugby or American football . Even so , most players will play in a limited range of positions throughout their career , as each position requires a particular set of skills . Footballers who are able to play comfortably in numerous positions are referred to as utility players ."}]}, {'value': 'retired', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luke Ball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luke_Ball', 'summary': 'Luke Patrick Ball ( born 25 May 1984 ) is a former professional Australian rules football player who played for the St Kilda and Collingwood football clubs in the Australian Football League . From 2003 to 2009 he played 142 games for the St Kilda Football Club where he was captain in 2007 and best and fairest and All-Australian in 2005 . He is one of the only players in AFL history to have played in three consecutive grand finals for two clubs ; 2009 for St Kilda and 2010 and 2011 for Collingwood .'}]}, {'value': 'Midfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_line_(football)', 'summary': 'The Centre line refers to a set of positions on an Australian rules football field . It consists of 3 players , two on the wings ( left and right ) , and one in the centre .'}]}, {'value': 'retired', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Squad -- Squad changes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2014_Collingwood_Football_Club_season_2', 'intro': "The 2014 Collingwood Football Club season was the club's 118th season of senior competition in the Australian Football League (AFL). The club also fielded its reserves team in the VFL."}
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How did the player nicknamed Daisy come to the club ?
Restricted free agent
feb7c9a360e5e86a
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_atheists_and_agnostics', 'title': 'List of fictional atheists and agnostics', 'header': ['Name', 'Game', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ted Strayer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fallout 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fallout_3', 'summary': "Fallout 3 is a post-apocalyptic action role-playing open world video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . The third major installment in the Fallout series , it is the first game to be created by Bethesda since it bought the franchise from Interplay Entertainment . The game marks a major shift in the series by using 3D graphics and real-time combat , replacing the 2D isometric graphics and turn-based combat of previous installments . It was released worldwide in October 2008 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . The game is set within a post-apocalyptic , open world environment that encompasses a scaled region consisting of the ruins of Washington , D.C. and much of the countryside to the north and west of it , referred to as the Capital Wasteland . It takes place within Fallout 's usual setting of a world that deviated into an alternate timeline thanks to atomic age technology , which eventually led to its devastation by a nuclear apocalypse in the year 2077 ( referred to as The Great War ) , caused by a major international conflict between the United States and China over natural resources and the last remaining supplies of untapped uranium . The main story takes place in the year 2277 , around 36 years after the events of Fallout 2 , of which it is not a direct sequel . Players take control of an inhabitant of Vault 101 , one of several underground shelters created before the Great War to protect around 1,000 humans from the nuclear fallout , who is forced to venture out into the Capital Wasteland to find their father after he disappears from the Vault under mysterious circumstances . They find themselves seeking to complete their father 's work while fighting against the Enclave , the corrupt remnants of the former U.S. government that seeks to use it for their own purposes . Fallout 3 was met with critical acclaim and received a number of Game of the Year awards , praising the game 's open-ended gameplay and flexible character-leveling system , and is considered one of the greatest video games of all time . The NPD Group estimated that Fallout 3 sold over 610,000 units during its initial month of release in October 2008 , performing better than Bethesda 's previous game , The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , which sold nearly 500,000 units in its first month . The game received post-launch support , with Bethesda releasing five downloadable add-ons ."}]}, {'value': 'A non-player character living in Rivet City . When Rev . Clifford tries to convince Strayer to believe in God , he responds that there is no way in hell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Non-player_character', 'summary': 'A non-player character ( NPC ) is any character in a game which is not controlled by a player . The term originated in traditional tabletop role-playing games , where it applies to characters controlled by the gamemaster or referee , rather than another player . In video games , this usually means a character controlled by the computer via algorithmic , predetermined or responsive behavior , but not necessarily true artificial intelligence .'}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Ryan_(BioShock)', 'summary': "Andrew Ryan is a fictional character in the BioShock video game series developed by Irrational Games . He serves as the primary antagonist of the first half of the first BioShock and a minor character in its sequel , BioShock 2 and its prequel , BioShock Infinite : Burial at Sea . Ryan is portrayed as an idealistic business magnate in the 1940s and 1950s ; seeking to avoid scrutiny from governments and other oversight , he ordered the secret construction of an underwater city , Rapture . When civil war sees Ryan 's vision for a utopia in Rapture collapse into dystopia , he descends into reclusiveness and paranoia . After his victory in the war , he becomes increasingly ruthless in his control over the remaining inhabitants of the city . Ryan was created by Irrational Games ' Ken Levine , based on figures like Ayn Rand , Howard Hughes , Charles Foster Kane , and Walt Disney . [ citation needed ] The character has received significant praise from critics , with Electronic Gaming Monthly ranking him ninth on their list of top ten video game politicians . He is voiced by Armin Shimerman , whose voice acting was cited as one of the contributing factors to the success of BioShock as it won Best Use of Sound from IGN . Ryan has been compared to several different real-life and fictional figures , and his world of Rapture compared to the world of Galt 's Gulch in the Ayn Rand novel Atlas Shrugged ."}]}, {'value': 'BioShock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BioShock', 'summary': "BioShock is a 2007 first-person shooter game developed by 2K Boston ( later Irrational Games ) and 2K Australia , and published by 2K Games . It is the first game in the Bioshock series . The game 's concept was developed by Irrational 's creative lead , Ken Levine , and incorporates ideas by 20th century dystopian and utopian thinkers such as Ayn Rand , George Orwell , and Aldous Huxley , as well as historical figures such as John D. Rockefeller and Walt Disney . The game is considered a spiritual successor to the System Shock series , on which many of Irrational 's team , including Levine , had worked previously . BioShock is set in 1960 . The player guides the protagonist , Jack , after his airplane crashes in the ocean near the bathysphere terminus that leads to the underwater city of Rapture . Built by the business magnate Andrew Ryan , the city was intended to be an isolated utopia , but the discovery of ADAM , a genetic material which can be used to grant superhuman powers , initiated the city 's turbulent decline . Jack tries to find a way to escape , fighting through hordes of ADAM-obsessed enemies , and the iconic , deadly Big Daddies , while engaging with the few sane humans that remain and eventually learning of Rapture 's past . The player , as Jack , can defeat foes in several ways by using weapons , utilizing plasmids that give unique powers , and by turning Rapture 's defenses against them . it was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360 platforms in August 2007 ; a PlayStation 3 port by Irrational , 2K Marin , 2K Australia and Digital Extremes was released in October 2008 , and an OS X port by Feral Interactive in October 2009 . A scaled-down mobile version was developed by IG Fun , which contained the first few levels of the game . BioShock includes elements of role-playing games , giving the player different approaches in engaging enemies such as by stealth , as well as moral choices of saving or killing characters ."}]}, {'value': 'Half Antagonist in BioShock , created the underwater city of Rapture as a refuge from a world consumed by government , altruism and religion . I believe in no God , no invisible man in the sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Underwater_habitat', 'summary': "Underwater habitats are underwater structures in which people can live for extended periods and carry out most of the basic human functions of a 24-hour day , such as working , resting , eating , attending to personal hygiene , and sleeping . In this context 'habitat ' is generally used in a narrow sense to mean the interior and immediate exterior of the structure and its fixtures , but not its surrounding marine environment . Most early underwater habitats lacked regenerative systems for air , water , food , electricity , and other resources . However , recently some new underwater habitats allow for these resources to be delivered using pipes , or generated within the habitat , rather than manually delivered . An underwater habitat has to meet the needs of human physiology and provide suitable environmental conditions , and the one which is most critical is breathing air of suitable quality . Others concern the physical environment ( pressure , temperature , light , humidity ) , the chemical environment ( drinking water , food , waste products , toxins ) and the biological environment ( hazardous sea creatures , microorganisms , marine fungi ) . Much of the science covering underwater habitats and their technology designed to meet human requirements is shared with diving , diving bells , submersible vehicles and submarines , and spacecraft . Numerous underwater habitats have been designed , built and used around the world since the early 1960s , either by private individuals or by government agencies . They have been used almost exclusively for research and exploration , but in recent years at least one underwater habitat has been provided for recreation and tourism . Research has been devoted particularly to the physiological processes and limits of breathing gases under pressure , for aquanaut and astronaut training , as well as for research on marine ecosystems ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rapture_(BioShock)', 'summary': "Rapture is a fictional city in the BioShock series published by 2K Games . It is an underwater city that is the main setting for the games BioShock and BioShock 2 . The city also briefly appears in BioShock Infinite , and is featured in its downloadable content , Burial at Sea . The game 's back-story describes the city as envisioned by business tycoon Andrew Ryan in the mid-1940s as a means to create a utopia for mankind 's greatest artists and thinkers to prosper in a laissez-faire environment outside of increasing oppression by the world 's governments . However , the lack of government made many people uneasy , and the masses turned toward political activists like Atlas who advocated stability under a government , turning the city into a dystopia ; and on the eve of 1959 , a civil war broke out , leaving much of Rapture 's population dead . The remaining citizens either became psychotic Splicers due to the effects of ADAM , a substance that can alter genetic material , or have barricaded themselves from the Splicers to protect themselves , leaving the city to fail and fall apart around them . The player first experiences Rapture in BioShock , in 1960 , a year after the fateful riots , as a man named Jack that has come to Rapture after a plane accident over the mid-Atlantic Ocean where the city was located ; during this , the player comes to learn more about Ryan 's motives and those that he struggled against to keep the city 's ideals until the very end . In BioShock 2 , the player takes the role of a Big Daddy , a heavily modified humanoid in an armored diving suit , designed to maintain the city , and would soon come to serve the purpose of protecting the Little Sisters as they collect ADAM from Angels , which are dead bodies that harbor significant amounts of ADAM ; this takes place eight years after the events of the first game , and while Ryan has been killed , there remain those that vie for the vacuum left in his position of power . Rapture makes a brief appearance near the climax of BioShock Infinite , which is otherwise set in a different dystopian city , Columbia . Downloadable content for Infinite is set in Rapture on New Year 's Eve 1959 , a year before the events of the first BioShock and on the day of the civil war ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Altruism', 'summary': 'Altruism is the principle and moral practice of concern for happiness of other human beings and/or animals , resulting in a quality of life both material and spiritual . It is a traditional virtue in many cultures and a core aspect of various religious traditions and secular worldviews , though the concept of others toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions . In an extreme case , altruism may become a synonym of selflessness , which is the opposite of selfishness . The word altruism was coined by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French , as altruisme , for an antonym of egoism . He derived it from the Italian altrui , which in turn was derived from Latin alteri , meaning other people or somebody else . Altruism in biological observations in field populations of the day organisms is an individual performing an action which is at a cost to themselves ( e.g. , pleasure and quality of life , time , probability of survival or reproduction ) , but benefits , either directly or indirectly , another third-party individual , without the expectation of reciprocity or compensation for that action . Steinberg suggests a definition for altruism in the clinical setting , that is intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any quid pro quo external rewards . In one sense , the opposite of altruism is spite ; a spiteful action harms another with no self-benefit . Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty , in that whilst the latter is predicated upon social relationships , altruism does not consider relationships . Much debate exists as to whether true altruism is possible in human psychology . The theory of psychological egoism suggests that no act of sharing , helping or sacrificing can be described as truly altruistic , as the actor may receive an intrinsic reward in the form of personal gratification . The validity of this argument depends on whether intrinsic rewards qualify as benefits .'}]}, {'value': 'Sibrand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_Sibrand', 'summary': 'Master Sibrand ( Meister Sibrand , Magister Sibrandus ) was the founder of the hospital in Akkon , which was to become the nucleus of the Teutonic Knights . For this reason , he is sometimes considered the first grand master of that order , even if it was only given recognition in 1192 , and transformed into a military order in 1198 . Sibrand had travelled to Outremer in 1188 , in the Third Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa , as a follower of Adolf III of Holstein . Sibrand is mentioned as the founder of that hospital in a document by king Guy of Lusignan dated to September 1190 . The field hospital was operated for German troops during the siege of Akkon . Such a hospital had been set up and operated by merchants of Bremen and Lübeck , near the cemetery of St. Nicholas , using a sail for shelter . After the conquest of Akkon , Guy gave to Sibrand a house in the city , the Armenian hospital , where the German hospital found more permanent quarters . After the fall of Acre in July 1191 , the hospital was moved into the city and it evolves into the permanent base of the Teutonic Kings . With the help of donations made by the faithful , was purchased a garden for hospital in front of the gate of St Nicolas .'}]}, {'value': "Assassin 's Creed", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Assassin's_Creed_(video_game)", 'summary': "Assassin 's Creed is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft . It is the first installment in the Assassin 's Creed series . The game was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2007 and was made available on Microsoft Windows in April 2008 . Also , the game can be played on Xbox One consoles via backward compatibility . The plot is set in a fictional history of real-world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . The game primarily takes place during the Third Crusade in the Holy Land in 1191 , with the plot revolving around the Secret Order of Assassins , based upon the Hashshashin sect . The player is , in reality , playing as a modern-day man named Desmond Miles , who , through the use of a machine named the Animus , is allowed the viewing and controlling of the protagonist 's genetic memories of his ancestors , in this case , Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad , a member of the Assassins . Through this plot device , details emerge of a struggle between two factions : the Knights Templar and the Assassins , over an artifact known as the Apple of Eden , an ancient artifact used to control minds . The game received generally positive reviews , with critics praising its storytelling , visuals , art design , and originality , although the game was also criticized for the repetitive nature of its gameplay . Assassin 's Creed won several awards at E3 in 2006 , as well as several end-year awards after its release . The game spawned a sequel , Assassin 's Creed II , which was released in November 2009 . Since the release and success of Assassin 's Creed II , subsequent games have been released , with various other Assassins and time periods ."}]}, {'value': "In his last words to Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad after the latter dealt with the Teutonic knight with his Hidden Blade and said that he would be safe in the arms of God soon enough , Sibrand replied that there was nothing waiting for him in the end , not even God or the afterlife , that they did not even exist and that it was the one thing what he feared most", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Altaïr_Ibn-La'Ahad", 'summary': "Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad ( Arabic : الطائر ابن لا أحد , meaning The Bird , Son of No One ) is a fictional character from the Assassin 's Creed series of games , a master assassin active during the Third Crusade at Holy Land in 1191 . He is one of the main members of the Assassin 's Brotherhood , and he serves as the main protagonist of Assassin 's Creed , Assassin 's Creed : Altaïr 's Chronicles and Assassin 's Creed : Bloodlines . Altaïr also shares the role of protagonist with Ezio Auditore da Firenze in Assassin 's Creed : Revelations , and he is playable once in Assassin 's Creed II . He was generally well received by critics and gamers alike . Altaïr is an ancestor ( on the maternal side ) of Desmond Miles , a modern-day assassin . He was trained in the Masyaf Castle in Syria by Al Mualim , his guardian since childhood . Though Altaïr considered Al Mualim a second father , he killed him in September 1191 after discovering his betrayal . Using the Apple of Eden he seemed to know the future , as he used a small firearm to kill Abbas Sofian in 1247 , just at the advent of early Chinese firearms . He lived from 1165 to 1257 , and his remains were found in the Masyaf Castle library by the Italian Assassin Ezio Auditore da Firenze in 1512 . Though his face can be somewhat seen in the original Assassin 's Creed , it is fully revealed in Assassin 's Creed : Revelations when he is older ."}, {'url': '/wiki/God', 'summary': 'In monotheistic thought , God is conceived of as the supreme being , creator deity , and principal object of faith . God is usually conceived as being omniscient ( all-knowing ) , omnipotent ( all-powerful ) , omnipresent ( all-present ) and as having an eternal and necessary existence . These attributes are used either in way of analogy or are taken literally . God is most often held to be incorporeal ( immaterial ) . Incorporeality and corporeality of God are related to conceptions of transcendence ( being outside nature ) and immanence ( being in nature ) of God , with positions of synthesis such as the immanent transcendence . Some religions describe God without reference to gender , while others or their translations use terminology that is gender-specific and gender-biased . God has been conceived as either personal or impersonal . In theism , God is the creator and sustainer of the universe , while in deism , God is the creator , but not the sustainer , of the universe . In pantheism , God is the universe itself . In atheism , there is an absence of belief in God . In agnosticism , the existence of God is deemed unknown or unknowable . God has also been conceived as the source of all moral obligation , and the greatest conceivable existent .'}]}, {'value': 'Rodrigo Borgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodrigo_Borgia', 'summary': "Pope Alexander VI , born Rodrigo de Borja ( Valencian : Roderic Llançol i de Borja [ roðeˈɾiɡ ʎanˈsɔl i ðe ˈbɔɾdʒa ] , Spanish : Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja [ roˈðɾiɣo lanˈθol i ðe ˈβoɾxa ] ; 1 January 1431 - 18 August 1503 ) , was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503 . Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon , Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna . He was ordained deacon and made a cardinal in 1456 after the election of his uncle as Pope Callistus III , and a year later he became vice-chancellor of the Catholic Church . He proceeded to serve in the Curia under the next four popes , acquiring significant influence and wealth in the process . In 1492 , Rodrigo was elected Pope , taking the name Alexander VI . Alexander 's bulls of 1493 confirmed or reconfirmed the rights of the Spanish crown in the New World following the finds of Christopher Columbus in 1492 . During the second Italian war , Alexander VI supported his son Cesare Borgia as a condottiero for the French King . The scope of his foreign policy was to gain the most advantageous terms for his family . Alexander is considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes , partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses . As a result , his Italianized Valencian surname , Borgia , became a byword for libertinism and nepotism , which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate . On the other hand , two of Alexander 's successors , Sixtus V and Urban VIII , described him as one of the most outstanding popes since Saint Peter ."}]}, {'value': "Assassin 's Creed II", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Assassin's_Creed_II", 'summary': "Assassin 's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft . It is the second major installment in the Assassin 's Creed series , a sequel to 2007 's Assassin 's Creed . The game was first released on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2009 , and was later made available on Microsoft Windows in March 2010 and OS X in October 2010 . Several minor game related features could be redeemed on Uplay and three downloadable expansion packs were released on Xbox Live . The plot is set in a fictional history setting and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Knights Templars , who desire peace through control . The framing story is set in the 21st century and follows Desmond Miles as he relives the genetic memories of his ancestor Ezio Auditore da Firenze . The main narrative takes place at the height of the Renaissance in Italy during the 15th and early 16th century . Players can explore Florence , Venice , Tuscany and Forlì as they guide Ezio on a quest for vengeance against those responsible for betraying his family . The primary focus is to utilize the player 's combat and stealth abilities , as Desmond begins to uncover the mysteries left behind by an ancient race known as the First Civilization in the hope of ending the conflict between the Assassins and Templars . Using a newly updated Anvil game engine , Assassin 's Creed II began development shortly after the release of Assassin 's Creed . The game received praise from video game publications for its Renaissance setting , narrative , characters , map design , and visuals , as well as the improvements over its predecessor . It has sold more than nine million copies ."}]}, {'value': "During his duel with Ezio Auditore da Firenze at the Vatican Vault , after failing to activate the Vault door because he did not have any First Civilization DNA in him , Rodrigo told to Ezio in the middle of the duel that he looked for God in the vault , shocking Ezio , which led to the latter to ask whether God was really in the Vault . Rodrigo replied that God being in the Vatican vault was a more logical answer and far more interesting than God being in the sky with angels singing cherubim all around . Ezio then asked what God would do once Rodrigo entered the vault . Rodrigo replied he was only after power , which Ezio asked whether God would give it up easily . Rodrigo then told that whatever lay beyond the Vault wall would not be able to resist the Staff and Apple and that they were made for felling gods . Ezio , being already a believer , replied that God was omniscient and omnipotent , and that mere artifacts could not harm Him , to which Rodrigo falsely accused Ezio that he took up the image of God from other men . Ezio was shocked to learn of Rodrigo 's atheism and rejection of the Bible , despite his papacy . Rodrigo then scoffed that Ezio was still too naive . Rodrigo then replied : I became Pope because it gave me ACCESS . It gave me POWER . Do you think I believe a single god-damned word of that ridiculous book ? It 's all lies and superstition . Just like every OTHER religious tract written over the past ten thousand years", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ezio_Auditore_da_Firenze', 'summary': "Ezio Auditore da Firenze ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈɛttsjo audiˈtoːre da ( f ) fiˈrɛntse ] ) is a fictional character in the video game series Assassin 's Creed . He serves as the protagonist of the series ' game set during the Italian Renaissance . His life and career as an assassin are chronicled in Assassin 's Creed II , II : Discovery , Brotherhood , and Revelations , as well as the animated short film Embers . Furthermore , he appears as a guest character in the fighting game Soulcalibur V. Born into Italian nobility , Ezio follows his family heritage as an assassin after most of his immediate kin is killed during the Pazzi conspiracy . His quest to track down those responsible for killing his family eventually sets him up against the villainous Templar Order , led by the House of Borgia . Spending years to fight against Rodrigo and Cesare Borgia and their henchmen , he eventually reestablishes the Order of Assassins as the dominant force in Italy . His further adventures lead him to Spain and the Ottoman Empire , where he is also essential in overcoming Templar threats and restoring the Assassins . After his retirement from the Order , he lives a peaceful life in rural Tuscany before dying from a heart attack . The character has received significant critical acclaim . While most of it focuses on his portrayal and growth throughout the series , as well as the unique chronicling of his entire life , he has also been noted as one of the most attractive video game characters of all time . Due to his reception and the fact that he is the only character in the series who is the protagonist of multiple major instalments of the franchise , [ a ] he is usually considered the face of the franchise and its most popular character ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Staff_of_Moses', 'summary': "The Staff of Moses is a staff mentioned in the Bible and Quran as a walking stick used by Moses . According to the Book of Exodus in the Bible , the staff ( Hebrew : מַטֶּה matteh , translated rod in the King James Bible ) was used to produce water from a rock , was transformed into a snake and back , and was used at the parting of the Red Sea . Whether or not Moses ' staff was the same as that used by his brother Aaron ( known as Aaron 's rod ) has been debated by rabbinical scholars ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Apple_of_Eden', 'summary': 'In Abrahamic religions , forbidden fruit is a name given to the fruit growing in the Garden of Eden which God commands mankind not to eat . In the biblical narrative , Adam and Eve eat the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil and are exiled from Eden .'}]}, {'value': 'Al Mualim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Mualim', 'summary': "Rashīd ad-Dīn Sinān ( Arabic : رشيد الدين سنان ) , also known as the Old Man of the Mountain ( Arabic : شيخ الجبل Shaykh al-Jabal , Latin : Vetulus de Montanis ) and also referred to Rashid al-Din Sinan , was a da ' i ( missionary ) and a leader of the Syrian branch of the Nizari Isma'ili state ( the Assassins ) , and a figure in the history of the Crusades ."}]}, {'value': "Assassin 's Creed ( 2007 video game )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Assassin's_Creed", 'summary': "Assassin 's Creed is an action-adventure stealth video game franchise created by Patrice Désilets , Jade Raymond and Corey May , developed and published by Ubisoft using the game engine Anvil and its more advanced derivatives . It depicts a centuries-old struggle , now and then , between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . The series features historical fiction , science fiction and characters , intertwined with real-world historical events and figures . For the majority of time players would control an Assassin in the past history , while they also play as Desmond Miles or an Assassin Initiate in the present day , who hunt down their Templar targets . The video game series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol , while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series . The series 's eponymous first title was released in 2007 , and it has featured eleven main games in total , the most recent being 2018 's Assassin 's Creed Odyssey . A new story and time period are introduced in each entry , and gameplay elements evolve from the previous one . There are three story arcs in the series . For the first five main games , the framing story is set in 2012 and features series protagonist Desmond Miles who uses a machine called the Animus and relives the memories of his ancestors to find a way to avert the 2012 apocalypse . In games up until and including Assassin 's Creed Syndicate , Abstergo employees and Assassin initiates recorded genetic memories using the Helix software , helping the Templars and Assassins find new Pieces of Eden in the modern world . The latest two games , Assassin 's Creed Origins and Assassin 's Creed Odyssey follow ex-Abstergo employee Layla Hassan as she is recruited into the Assassin Order . Main games of Assassin 's Creed are set in an open world and presented from the third-person perspective where the protagonists take down targets using their combat and stealth skills with the exploitation of the environment ."}]}, {'value': "During his final fight with Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad in Masyaf and brief talks about the Apple of Eden while the latter was bound by the Apple 's powers , Al Mualim confirmed that Altaïr was immune to the effects of the Pieces of Eden , to which Altaïr asked what illusion it was . Al Mualim said : That 's all it 's ever done , this Templar treasure , this Piece of Eden , this word of God . Do you understand now ? The Red Sea was never parted , water never turned to wine . It was not the machinations of Eris that spawned the Trojan War , but this ! Illusions , all of them ! Altaïr argued that what Al Mualim had planned was no less than an illusion , to force men to work for him against their will . Al Mualim then denies the existence of any God whatsoever , by saying : Is it any less real than the phantoms the Saracens and Crusaders follow now ? Those craven Gods , who retreat from this world that men might slaughter one another in their names ? They live amongst an illusion already . I 'm simply giving them another , one that demands less blood . Altaïr then said that they were safer choosing these phantoms , confirming that it was better to believe in some higher entity than believing in nothing at all . Al Mualim was disappointed , claiming that logic had left Altaïr 's mind and was replaced with emotion . Still unconvinced , Altaïr was released from being bound to the Apple 's power , after which he swiftly defeated Al Mualim in combat with some difficulty , finally ending his Mentor 's life by plunging his Hidden Blade into his throat . During Al Mualim 's final moments , he tells Altaïr to take the Apple , to which Altaïr replied to his Mentor that he held fire in his hand , which should have been destroyed . Al Mualim was not convinced even then , believing that the Apple could end the Crusades and create true peace and that he would never destroy it . Altaïr then promised him that he would destroy it , with the latter dying after challenging his student to truly destroy it", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Altaïr_Ibn-La'Ahad", 'summary': "Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad ( Arabic : الطائر ابن لا أحد , meaning The Bird , Son of No One ) is a fictional character from the Assassin 's Creed series of games , a master assassin active during the Third Crusade at Holy Land in 1191 . He is one of the main members of the Assassin 's Brotherhood , and he serves as the main protagonist of Assassin 's Creed , Assassin 's Creed : Altaïr 's Chronicles and Assassin 's Creed : Bloodlines . Altaïr also shares the role of protagonist with Ezio Auditore da Firenze in Assassin 's Creed : Revelations , and he is playable once in Assassin 's Creed II . He was generally well received by critics and gamers alike . Altaïr is an ancestor ( on the maternal side ) of Desmond Miles , a modern-day assassin . He was trained in the Masyaf Castle in Syria by Al Mualim , his guardian since childhood . Though Altaïr considered Al Mualim a second father , he killed him in September 1191 after discovering his betrayal . Using the Apple of Eden he seemed to know the future , as he used a small firearm to kill Abbas Sofian in 1247 , just at the advent of early Chinese firearms . He lived from 1165 to 1257 , and his remains were found in the Masyaf Castle library by the Italian Assassin Ezio Auditore da Firenze in 1512 . Though his face can be somewhat seen in the original Assassin 's Creed , it is fully revealed in Assassin 's Creed : Revelations when he is older ."}]}, {'value': 'Mario Auditore', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Assassin 's Creed II", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Assassin's_Creed_II", 'summary': "Assassin 's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft . It is the second major installment in the Assassin 's Creed series , a sequel to 2007 's Assassin 's Creed . The game was first released on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2009 , and was later made available on Microsoft Windows in March 2010 and OS X in October 2010 . Several minor game related features could be redeemed on Uplay and three downloadable expansion packs were released on Xbox Live . The plot is set in a fictional history setting and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Knights Templars , who desire peace through control . The framing story is set in the 21st century and follows Desmond Miles as he relives the genetic memories of his ancestor Ezio Auditore da Firenze . The main narrative takes place at the height of the Renaissance in Italy during the 15th and early 16th century . Players can explore Florence , Venice , Tuscany and Forlì as they guide Ezio on a quest for vengeance against those responsible for betraying his family . The primary focus is to utilize the player 's combat and stealth abilities , as Desmond begins to uncover the mysteries left behind by an ancient race known as the First Civilization in the hope of ending the conflict between the Assassins and Templars . Using a newly updated Anvil game engine , Assassin 's Creed II began development shortly after the release of Assassin 's Creed . The game received praise from video game publications for its Renaissance setting , narrative , characters , map design , and visuals , as well as the improvements over its predecessor . It has sold more than nine million copies ."}]}, {'value': "When speaking of the Auditore Villa Pastor to Ezio , Mario says The prete ( priest ) seems a nice enough fellow , but I 've never been much of a believer", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arno Dorian', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Assassin 's Creed Unity", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Assassin's_Creed_Unity", 'summary': "Assassin 's Creed Unity is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft . It was released in November 2014 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 4 and Xbox One . It is the eighth major installment in the Assassin 's Creed series , and the successor to 2013 's Assassin 's Creed IV : Black Flag . It also has ties to Assassin 's Creed Rogue which was released for the previous generation consoles , the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on the same date . The plot is set in a fictional history of real world events and follows the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . The story is set in Paris during the French Revolution ; the single-player story follows Arno Victor Dorian in his efforts to expose the true powers behind the Revolution . The game retains the series ' third-person open world exploration as well as introducing a revamped combat , parkour and stealth system . The game also introduces cooperative multiplayer to the Assassin 's Creed series , letting up to four players engage in narrative-driven missions and explore the open world map . Assassin 's Creed Unity received mixed reviews upon its release . Praise was directed towards its visuals , improved gameplay , customization options , multiplayer-oriented format , mission design , setting , characterization , and narrative . However , the game was criticized for a lack of gameplay-innovation , unrefined controls , and numerous graphical issues and bugs upon release . Because of the game 's poor launch owing to the technical issues , Ubisoft issued an apology , and offered compensation ."}]}, {'value': 'By the end of the game , Arno described the Creed in strongly atheistic terms and claims that there exists no higher power to judge humanity nor does a supreme being watch over humanity or punishes them for their sins , and that only humanity itself can guard itself against its own obsessions', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Altaïr_Ibn-La'Ahad", 'summary': "Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad ( Arabic : الطائر ابن لا أحد , meaning The Bird , Son of No One ) is a fictional character from the Assassin 's Creed series of games , a master assassin active during the Third Crusade at Holy Land in 1191 . He is one of the main members of the Assassin 's Brotherhood , and he serves as the main protagonist of Assassin 's Creed , Assassin 's Creed : Altaïr 's Chronicles and Assassin 's Creed : Bloodlines . Altaïr also shares the role of protagonist with Ezio Auditore da Firenze in Assassin 's Creed : Revelations , and he is playable once in Assassin 's Creed II . He was generally well received by critics and gamers alike . Altaïr is an ancestor ( on the maternal side ) of Desmond Miles , a modern-day assassin . He was trained in the Masyaf Castle in Syria by Al Mualim , his guardian since childhood . Though Altaïr considered Al Mualim a second father , he killed him in September 1191 after discovering his betrayal . Using the Apple of Eden he seemed to know the future , as he used a small firearm to kill Abbas Sofian in 1247 , just at the advent of early Chinese firearms . He lived from 1165 to 1257 , and his remains were found in the Masyaf Castle library by the Italian Assassin Ezio Auditore da Firenze in 1512 . Though his face can be somewhat seen in the original Assassin 's Creed , it is fully revealed in Assassin 's Creed : Revelations when he is older ."}]}, {'value': "Assassin 's Creed ( 2007 video game )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Assassin's_Creed", 'summary': "Assassin 's Creed is an action-adventure stealth video game franchise created by Patrice Désilets , Jade Raymond and Corey May , developed and published by Ubisoft using the game engine Anvil and its more advanced derivatives . It depicts a centuries-old struggle , now and then , between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . The series features historical fiction , science fiction and characters , intertwined with real-world historical events and figures . For the majority of time players would control an Assassin in the past history , while they also play as Desmond Miles or an Assassin Initiate in the present day , who hunt down their Templar targets . The video game series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol , while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series . The series 's eponymous first title was released in 2007 , and it has featured eleven main games in total , the most recent being 2018 's Assassin 's Creed Odyssey . A new story and time period are introduced in each entry , and gameplay elements evolve from the previous one . There are three story arcs in the series . For the first five main games , the framing story is set in 2012 and features series protagonist Desmond Miles who uses a machine called the Animus and relives the memories of his ancestors to find a way to avert the 2012 apocalypse . In games up until and including Assassin 's Creed Syndicate , Abstergo employees and Assassin initiates recorded genetic memories using the Helix software , helping the Templars and Assassins find new Pieces of Eden in the modern world . The latest two games , Assassin 's Creed Origins and Assassin 's Creed Odyssey follow ex-Abstergo employee Layla Hassan as she is recruited into the Assassin Order . Main games of Assassin 's Creed are set in an open world and presented from the third-person perspective where the protagonists take down targets using their combat and stealth skills with the exploitation of the environment ."}]}, {'value': "After starting to research on the Apple of Eden , Altaïr began to have doubts about the existence of a God , citing various conflicts and contradictions in the religious books available in the Holy Land during his time , noting how cruel they were in their punishments of those who rejected the books , and thus began noting them down in his Codex . Altaïr , much like Arno Dorian , professed the Assassin 's creed in strongly atheistic terms and called the light of God as a light that blinds society and forces it to stumble about in ignorance", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niko Bellic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niko_Bellic', 'summary': "Niko Bellic is a fictional character and the playable protagonist of Rockstar North 's 2008 video game Grand Theft Auto IV , also featuring as a supporting character in its episodic content The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony ( both 2009 ) , all of which are published by Rockstar Games . In Grand Theft Auto IV , Niko Bellic is a war veteran from Eastern Europe who moves to Liberty City , a fictional city based on New York City , to live with his cousin Roman Bellic and search for the man who betrayed his military unit . Eventually , Niko becomes entangled in a world of violence , crime , and corruption as he moves up in the city , earning work and payment , meeting new contacts and keeping himself from getting killed while searching for the traitor ."}]}, {'value': 'GTA IV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GTA_IV', 'summary': "Grand Theft Auto IV is a 2008 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . It is the eleventh title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 2004 's Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas . Set within the fictional Liberty City ( based on New York City ) , the single-player story follows a war veteran , Niko Bellic , and his attempts to escape his past while under pressure from loan sharks and mob bosses . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on-foot or by vehicle . Throughout the single-player mode , players play as Niko Bellic . An online multiplayer mode is included with the game , allowing up to 32 players to engage in both co-operative and competitive gameplay in a recreation of the single-player setting . [ b ] Two expansion packs were later released for the game , The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony , which both feature new plots that are interconnected with the main Grand Theft Auto IV storyline , and follow new protagonists . Development began soon after the release of Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas and was shared between many of Rockstar 's studios worldwide . The game introduced a shift to a more realistic and detailed style and tone for the series . Unlike previous entries , Grand Theft Auto IV lacked a strong cinematic influence , as the team attempted an original approach to the story . As part of their research for the open world , the developers conducted field research around New York throughout development and captured footage for the design team ."}]}, {'value': 'This main character often muses that he does not care whether or not God exists , saying that any faith he had died after the numerous atrocities that he witnessed and took part in during the war , however , in reality , he does not agree to this point and constantly shouts out to God to bless Liberty City . He states that because of his firsthand experience of seeing what human beings are capable of , he does not believe humans have souls . However , he did say that only barbaric creatures did not have any souls and that he did not know whether God is complicated or not', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars', 'summary': "The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related ethnic conflicts , wars of independence and insurgencies fought in the former Yugoslavia [ note 1 ] from 1991 to 2001 , which led to the breakup of the Yugoslav state . Its constituent republics declared independence , despite unresolved tensions between ethnic minorities in the new countries , fueling the wars . Most of the wars ended through peace accords , involving full international recognition of new states , but with a massive human cost and economic damage to the region . Initially the Yugoslav People 's Army ( JNA ) sought to preserve the unity of the whole of Yugoslavia by crushing the secessionist governments , but it increasingly came under the influence of the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević , which evoked Serbian nationalist rhetoric and was willing to use the Yugoslav cause to preserve the unity of Serbs in one state . As a result , the JNA began to lose Slovenes , Croats , Kosovar Albanians , Bosniaks , and ethnic Macedonians , and effectively became a Serb army . According to a 1994 United Nations report , the Serb side did not aim to restore Yugoslavia , but to create a Greater Serbia from parts of Croatia and Bosnia . Other irredentist movements have also been brought into connection with the wars , such as Greater Albania ( from Kosovo , though it was abandoned following international diplomacy ) and Greater Croatia ( from parts of Herzegovina , until 1994 when the Washington Agreement ended it ) . Often described as Europe 's deadliest conflicts since World War II , the wars were marked by many war crimes , including genocide , crimes against humanity and rape . The Bosnian genocide was the first European crime to be formally judged as genocidal in character since World War II , and many key individual participants were subsequently charged with war crimes . The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) was established by the UN to prosecute these crimes . According to the International Center for Transitional Justice , the Yugoslav Wars resulted in the death of 140,000 people . The Humanitarian Law Center estimates that in the conflicts in the former Yugoslav republics at least 130,000 people were killed ."}]}, {'value': 'Terrence Sweetwater', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Battlefield : Bad Company 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battlefield:_Bad_Company_2', 'summary': "Battlefield : Bad Company 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by the Swedish firm EA DICE and published by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , iOS and Kindle Fire systems . It is a direct sequel to Battlefield : Bad Company and is part of the Battlefield game series . It was released worldwide in March 2010 . The iOS port was released on the App Store on December 16 , 2010 . A Kindle Fire version was released in June 2012 . The game is primarily a squad-level first-person shooter based in a contemporary modern warfare setting . Additionally , the game includes a single-player campaign , where the player re-assumes the role of Preston Marlowe , the protagonist of the original game . The game 's Frostbite 1.5 engine allows for destructible environments . Multiplayer maps , which allow for five different game modes , contain a wide selection of vehicles , aircraft and emplacements . The game was met with positive reception from critics , garnering a mean of 88 from aggregator Metacritic for the Xbox 360 and PS3 versions , and 87 for the PC version . It became a commercial success , selling more than twelve million units since its initial release . Seven VIP map packs , as well as a downloadable game mode , were added after launch ; an expansion pack , Battlefield : Bad Company 2 : Vietnam ( centered on the Vietnam War ) , released on December 21 , 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'During an idle conversation with Haggard , Sweetwater reveals that he rejects the concept of sin and a god , referring to them as superstition , as well as just stating that he does not believe in a god', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr. Isiah Friedlander', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GTA V', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V', 'summary': "Grand Theft Auto V is a 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008 's Grand Theft Auto IV . Set within the fictional state of San Andreas , based on Southern California , the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency and powerful crime figures . The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas ' open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos , based on Los Angeles . The game is played from either a third-person or first-person perspective , and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . Players control the three lead protagonists throughout single-player and switch among them , both during and outside missions . The story is centred on the heist sequences , and many missions involve shooting and driving gameplay . A wanted system governs the aggression of law enforcement response to players who commit crimes . Grand Theft Auto Online , the game 's online multiplayer mode , lets up to 30 players engage in a variety of different cooperative and competitive game modes . The game 's development began soon after Grand Theft Auto IV 's release and was shared between many of Rockstar 's studios worldwide . The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3 and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors . Much of the development work constituted the open world 's creation , and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for the design team ."}]}, {'value': "During a therapy session , when one of the main protagonists Michael de Santa asks whether Dr. Friedlander believes in evil , Dr. Friedlander simply replies that he is a man of science and that religion is used to relieve others ' tensions", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Grand_Theft_Auto_V_characters', 'summary': "Rockstar North 's 2013 open world action-adventure video game Grand Theft Auto V , published by Rockstar Games , deals with a trio of criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a corrupt government agency . The game 's use of three protagonists is a break from series tradition . Three days after its release , Grand Theft Auto V had earned more than US $ 1 billion in sales , making it the fastest selling video game in history . Additionally , Grand Theft Auto V was voted Game of the Year from several gaming publications . The game 's characters were created by writers Dan Houser and Rupert Humphries . The use of multiple protagonists , as well as the cast in general , has received critical and popular acclaim from gaming magazines , players and websites . The three main playable characters in Grand Theft Auto V are Michael De Santa , a retired bank robber who lives with his dysfunctional family on the proceeds of his former life ; Franklin Clinton , a gang member who is working as a repo man at the start of the game for an unscrupulous Armenian car dealership ; and Trevor Philips , Michael 's former partner-in-crime , who lives alone in a trailer in the desert town of Sandy Shores , where his reckless and psychotic behaviours are fuelled by substance abuse . The three acquaintances are drawn into Los Santos ' criminal underworld in the pursuit of the almighty American dollar . According to Houser , each of the protagonists is unlike any primary character that has appeared in a Grand Theft Auto title to date : Michael represents a protagonist who won in life , and is now trying to readjust to a normal one after his story has come to an end ; Trevor is a supporting psychopathic , bloodthirsty character recast as a central protagonist ; and Franklin is someone who has had no real exposure to a life of crime until the events of the game , and his attempts to avoid such a life end up launching him right into the heart of it ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Video games', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_fictional_atheists_and_agnostics_2', 'intro': 'The following is a list of fictional atheists and agnostics limited to notable characters who have, either through self-admission within canon works or through admission of the character creator(s), been associated with a disbelief in a supreme deity or follow an agnostic approach toward religious matters.'}
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Niko Bellic was a character in a game released in what year ?
2008
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Athletics_Championships', 'title': 'Czech Athletics Championships', 'header': ['Year', 'Place', 'Dates'], 'data': [{'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dvůr Králové nad Labem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dvůr_Králové_nad_Labem', 'summary': 'Dvůr Králové nad Labem ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈdvuːr ˈkraːlovɛː ˈnad labɛm ] , German : Königinhof an der Elbe ) is a town in the Czech Republic in Hradec Králové Region , in the Labe ( Elbe ) river valley . It is located in the Eastern Bohemia close to the Czech highest mountains Krkonoše .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jablonec nad Nisou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jablonec_nad_Nisou', 'summary': 'Jablonec nad Nisou ( [ ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou ] ( listen ) ; German : Gablonz an der Neiße ) , known locally as Jablonec , is a city in northern Bohemia , the second-largest city of the Liberec Region . It is a mountain resort in the Jizera Mountains , and also a local centre for education , and is known for its glass and jewelry production . From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland .'}]}, {'value': '3-4 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jablonec nad Nisou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jablonec_nad_Nisou', 'summary': 'Jablonec nad Nisou ( [ ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou ] ( listen ) ; German : Gablonz an der Neiße ) , known locally as Jablonec , is a city in northern Bohemia , the second-largest city of the Liberec Region . It is a mountain resort in the Jizera Mountains , and also a local centre for education , and is known for its glass and jewelry production . From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland .'}]}, {'value': '9-10 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ostrava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ostrava', 'summary': "Ostrava ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈostrava ] , locally : [ oˈstrava ] ( listen ) ; Polish : Ostrawa , German : Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic , and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region . It is 15 km ( 9 mi ) from the border with Poland , at the meeting point of four rivers : the Odra , Opava , Ostravice and Lučina . In terms of both population and area Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic , the second largest city in Moravia , and the largest city in Czech Silesia . It straddles the border of the two historic provinces of Moravia and Silesia . The population is almost 300,000 people . The wider conurbation - which also includes the towns of Bohumín , Doubrava , Havířov , Karviná , Orlová , Petřvald and Rychvald - is home to about 500,000 people , making it the largest urban area in the Czech Republic apart from the capital , Prague . Ostrava grew in importance due to its position at the heart of a major coalfield , becoming an important industrial centre . It was previously known as the country 's steel heart thanks to its status as a coal-mining and metallurgical centre , but since the Velvet Revolution ( the fall of communism in 1989 ) it has undergone radical and far-reaching changes to its economic base . Industries have been thoroughly restructured , and the last coal was mined in the city in 1994 . However , remnants of the city 's industrial past are visible in the Lower Vítkovice area , a former coal-mining , coke production and ironworks complex in the city centre which retains its historic industrial architecture . Lower Vítkovice has applied for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List . Ostrava is home to various cultural facilities including theatres and galleries ."}]}, {'value': '5-6 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': '7-8 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Třinec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Třinec', 'summary': 'Třinec ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts ] ( listen ) ; Polish : Trzyniec , German : Trzynietz ) is a statutory city in Frýdek-Místek District , Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic . It lies on the Olza River , in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . The town has approximately 35,000 inhabitants and is the smallest statutory city in the Czech Republic . In the 2001 census , 17.7% of the population were Poles . The town is notable for its steel plant , the Třinec Iron and Steel Works , the largest in the Czech Republic , which still has a major impact on the town , on its character , demographics , and air quality . Třinec is also an important cultural center of the Polish minority in Zaolzie .'}]}, {'value': '5-6 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jablonec nad Nisou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jablonec_nad_Nisou', 'summary': 'Jablonec nad Nisou ( [ ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou ] ( listen ) ; German : Gablonz an der Neiße ) , known locally as Jablonec , is a city in northern Bohemia , the second-largest city of the Liberec Region . It is a mountain resort in the Jizera Mountains , and also a local centre for education , and is known for its glass and jewelry production . From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland .'}]}, {'value': '11-12 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ostrava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ostrava', 'summary': "Ostrava ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈostrava ] , locally : [ oˈstrava ] ( listen ) ; Polish : Ostrawa , German : Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic , and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region . It is 15 km ( 9 mi ) from the border with Poland , at the meeting point of four rivers : the Odra , Opava , Ostravice and Lučina . In terms of both population and area Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic , the second largest city in Moravia , and the largest city in Czech Silesia . It straddles the border of the two historic provinces of Moravia and Silesia . The population is almost 300,000 people . The wider conurbation - which also includes the towns of Bohumín , Doubrava , Havířov , Karviná , Orlová , Petřvald and Rychvald - is home to about 500,000 people , making it the largest urban area in the Czech Republic apart from the capital , Prague . Ostrava grew in importance due to its position at the heart of a major coalfield , becoming an important industrial centre . It was previously known as the country 's steel heart thanks to its status as a coal-mining and metallurgical centre , but since the Velvet Revolution ( the fall of communism in 1989 ) it has undergone radical and far-reaching changes to its economic base . Industries have been thoroughly restructured , and the last coal was mined in the city in 1994 . However , remnants of the city 's industrial past are visible in the Lower Vítkovice area , a former coal-mining , coke production and ironworks complex in the city centre which retains its historic industrial architecture . Lower Vítkovice has applied for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List . Ostrava is home to various cultural facilities including theatres and galleries ."}]}, {'value': '26-27 June', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plzeň', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plzeň', 'summary': 'Plzeň ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈpl̩zɛɲ ] ( listen ) ; German and English : Pilsen , /ˈpɪlzən/ ) is a city in the Czech Republic . About 90 kilometres ( 56 miles ) west of Prague in western Bohemia , it is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic . The city is known worldwide for Pilsner beer , created by Bavarian brewer Josef Groll here in 1842 .'}]}, {'value': '15-16 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jablonec nad Nisou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jablonec_nad_Nisou', 'summary': 'Jablonec nad Nisou ( [ ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou ] ( listen ) ; German : Gablonz an der Neiße ) , known locally as Jablonec , is a city in northern Bohemia , the second-largest city of the Liberec Region . It is a mountain resort in the Jizera Mountains , and also a local centre for education , and is known for its glass and jewelry production . From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland .'}]}, {'value': '30 June-1 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ostrava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ostrava', 'summary': "Ostrava ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈostrava ] , locally : [ oˈstrava ] ( listen ) ; Polish : Ostrawa , German : Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic , and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region . It is 15 km ( 9 mi ) from the border with Poland , at the meeting point of four rivers : the Odra , Opava , Ostravice and Lučina . In terms of both population and area Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic , the second largest city in Moravia , and the largest city in Czech Silesia . It straddles the border of the two historic provinces of Moravia and Silesia . The population is almost 300,000 people . The wider conurbation - which also includes the towns of Bohumín , Doubrava , Havířov , Karviná , Orlová , Petřvald and Rychvald - is home to about 500,000 people , making it the largest urban area in the Czech Republic apart from the capital , Prague . Ostrava grew in importance due to its position at the heart of a major coalfield , becoming an important industrial centre . It was previously known as the country 's steel heart thanks to its status as a coal-mining and metallurgical centre , but since the Velvet Revolution ( the fall of communism in 1989 ) it has undergone radical and far-reaching changes to its economic base . Industries have been thoroughly restructured , and the last coal was mined in the city in 1994 . However , remnants of the city 's industrial past are visible in the Lower Vítkovice area , a former coal-mining , coke production and ironworks complex in the city centre which retains its historic industrial architecture . Lower Vítkovice has applied for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List . Ostrava is home to various cultural facilities including theatres and galleries ."}]}, {'value': '19-21 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olomouc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olomouc', 'summary': "Olomouc ( UK : /ˈɒləmoʊts/ OL-ə-mohts , US : /ˈoʊloʊ-/ OH-loh- , Czech : [ ˈolomouts ] ( listen ) ; locally Holomóc or Olomóc ; German : Olmütz ; Polish : Ołomuniec [ ɔwɔˈmuɲɛts ] ; Hungarian : Alamóc ; Latin : Olomucium or Iuliomontium ) is a city in Moravia , in the east of the Czech Republic . Located on the Morava River , the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical capital city of Moravia , before having been sacked by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years ' War . Today , it is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and the sixth largest city in the Czech Republic . The city has about 100,000 residents , and its larger urban zone has a population of about 480,000 people ."}]}, {'value': '11-13 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plzeň', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plzeň', 'summary': 'Plzeň ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈpl̩zɛɲ ] ( listen ) ; German and English : Pilsen , /ˈpɪlzən/ ) is a city in the Czech Republic . About 90 kilometres ( 56 miles ) west of Prague in western Bohemia , it is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic . The city is known worldwide for Pilsner beer , created by Bavarian brewer Josef Groll here in 1842 .'}]}, {'value': '25-26 June', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kladno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kladno', 'summary': 'Kladno ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈkladno ] ; German : Kladen ) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region ( Středočeský kraj ) of the Czech Republic . It is located 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) northwest of the capital city Prague . Kladno is the largest city in the region and has a population together with its adjacent suburban areas of more than 110,000 ( nearly 70,000 in Kladno proper ) . The city is part of the Prague metropolitan area , which has a population over 2,600,000 ( making it the most populous in the Czech Republic ) .'}]}, {'value': '2-3 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': '24-25 June', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Třinec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Třinec', 'summary': 'Třinec ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts ] ( listen ) ; Polish : Trzyniec , German : Trzynietz ) is a statutory city in Frýdek-Místek District , Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic . It lies on the Olza River , in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . The town has approximately 35,000 inhabitants and is the smallest statutory city in the Czech Republic . In the 2001 census , 17.7% of the population were Poles . The town is notable for its steel plant , the Třinec Iron and Steel Works , the largest in the Czech Republic , which still has a major impact on the town , on its character , demographics , and air quality . Třinec is also an important cultural center of the Polish minority in Zaolzie .'}]}, {'value': '30 June-1 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tábor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tábor', 'summary': "Tábor ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈtaːbor ] ; German : Tabor ) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic , 100 kilometres ( 62 miles ) south of the capital Prague . It lies on the river Lužnice . The town 's name translates to camp or encampment in Czech . The town gave its name to the Taborites , a radical wing of the Hussites ."}]}, {'value': '4-5 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': '27-28 June', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Třinec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Třinec', 'summary': 'Třinec ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts ] ( listen ) ; Polish : Trzyniec , German : Trzynietz ) is a statutory city in Frýdek-Místek District , Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic . It lies on the Olza River , in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . The town has approximately 35,000 inhabitants and is the smallest statutory city in the Czech Republic . In the 2001 census , 17.7% of the population were Poles . The town is notable for its steel plant , the Třinec Iron and Steel Works , the largest in the Czech Republic , which still has a major impact on the town , on its character , demographics , and air quality . Třinec is also an important cultural center of the Polish minority in Zaolzie .'}]}, {'value': '17-18 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brno', 'summary': "Brno ( /ˈbɜːrnoʊ/ BUR-noh , Czech : [ ˈbr̩no ] ( listen ) ; German : Brünn [ bʁʏn ] ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of Czechia . Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers , Brno has about 400,000 inhabitants , making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the capital , Prague . Its metropolitan area has around 1,183,207 inhabitants . Brno is the centre of the Czech judiciary , with the seats of the Constitutional Court , the Supreme Court , the Supreme Administrative Court , and the Supreme Public Prosecutor 's Office , and a number of state authorities , including the Ombudsman , and the Office for the Protection of Competition . Brno is also an important centre of higher education , with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher education and about 89,000 students . Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe . The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno . Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit , a tradition established in 1930 , in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races . Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition , Ignis Brunensis , that attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors . The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill , two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols . The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by Brno Reservoir . Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites ."}]}, {'value': '2-3 July', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Editions', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Czech_Athletics_Championships_0', 'intro': 'The Czech Athletics Championships (Czech: Mistrovství ČR v atletice) is an annual outdoor track and field competition organised by the Czech Athletics Federation, which serves at the national championship for the sport in the Czech Republic. It superseded the Czechoslovak Athletics Championships as the national championship in 1993, though the competition was hosted as a sub-national event prior to then. A Czech Championships was held in 1970, separate from the Czechoslovak event that year.'}
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Which mountains contain the city which hosted the championships of Czech athletics in 1998 ?
Jizera
feba4cb94d7028bc
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_United_Kingdom_Parliament_disenfranchised_for_corruption', 'title': 'List of constituencies of the United Kingdom Parliament disenfranchised for corruption', 'header': ['Year', 'Borough', 'County'], 'data': [{'value': '1844', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sudbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sudbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Sudbury was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Suffolk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suffolk', 'summary': 'Suffolk ( /ˈsʌfək/ ) is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England . It has borders with Norfolk to the north , Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south . The North Sea lies to the east . The county town is Ipswich ; other important towns include Lowestoft , Bury St Edmunds , Newmarket , and Felixstowe , one of the largest container ports in Europe . The county is low-lying but it has quite a few hills ( especially more to the west ) , and has largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north . The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty .'}]}, {'value': '1852', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Albans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Albans_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'St Albans is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Daisy Cooper , a Liberal Democrat . [ n 2 ] This article also describes the parliamentary borough ( 1554-1852 ) of the same name , consisting only of the city of St Albans , which elected two MPs by the bloc vote system .'}]}, {'value': 'Hertfordshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertfordshire', 'summary': "Hertfordshire ( /ˈhɑːrtfərdʃɪər/ ( listen ) ; often abbreviated Herts ) is one of the home counties in southern England . It is bordered by Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire to the north , Essex to the east , Greater London to the south , and Buckinghamshire to the west . For government statistical purposes , it is placed in the East of England region . In 2013 , the county had a population of 1,140,700 in an area of 634 square miles ( 1,640 km2 ) . The four towns that have between 50,000 and 100,000 residents are Hemel Hempstead , Stevenage , Watford and the only city in the county , St Albans . Hertford , once the main market town for the medieval agricultural county , derives its name from a hart ( stag ) and a ford , used as the components of the county 's coat of arms and flag . Elevations are high for the region in the north and west . These reach over 800 feet ( 240 m ) in the western projection around Tring which is in the Chilterns . The county 's borders are approximately the watersheds of the Colne and Lea ; both flowing to the south ; each accompanied by a canal . Hertfordshire 's undeveloped land is mainly agricultural and much is protected by green belt . The county 's landmarks span many centuries , ranging from the Six Hills in the new town of Stevenage built by local inhabitants during the Roman period , to Leavesden Film Studios . The volume of intact medieval and Tudor buildings surpasses London , in places in well-preserved conservation areas , especially in St Albans which includes some remains of Verulamium , the town where in the 3rd century an early recorded British martyrdom took place ."}]}, {'value': '1868', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Yarmouth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Great Yarmouth is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . Its MP is Brandon Lewis , the former Chairman of the Conservative Party , who has held the seat since the 2010 general election .'}]}, {'value': 'Norfolk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norfolk', 'summary': "Norfolk ( /ˈnɔːrfək/ ) is a county in East Anglia in England . It borders Lincolnshire to the northwest , Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest , and Suffolk to the south . Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and to the north-west , The Wash . The county town is Norwich . With an area of 2,074 square miles ( 5,370 km2 ) and a population of 859,400 , Norfolk is a largely rural county with a population density of 401 per square mile ( 155 per km2 ) . Of the county 's population , 40% live in four major built up areas : Norwich ( 213,000 ) , Great Yarmouth ( 63,000 ) , King 's Lynn ( 46,000 ) and Thetford ( 25,000 ) . The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county , extending south into Suffolk . The area is not a national park although it is marketed as such . It has similar status to a national park , and is protected by the Broads Authority ."}]}, {'value': '1868', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lancaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lancaster_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Lancaster was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1867 , centred on the historic city of Lancaster in north-west England . It was represented by two Members of Parliament until the constituency was disenfranchised for corruption in 1867 . Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 , Lancaster was re-established for the 1885 general election as a county constituency . It then returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , with elections held under the first-past-the-post system . This constituency in turn was abolished when it was largely replaced by the new Lancaster and Wyre constituency for the 1997 general election .'}]}, {'value': 'Lancashire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lancashire', 'summary': 'Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ LANG-kə-shər , /-ʃɪər/ -\u2060sheer ; abbreviated Lancs . ) is a ceremonial county in North West England . The administrative centre is Preston . The county has a population of 1,449,300 and an area of 1,189 square miles ( 3,080 km2 ) . People from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians . The history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century . In the Domesday Book of 1086 , some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire . The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey , Inter Ripam et Mersam , was included in the returns for Cheshire . When its boundaries were established , it bordered Cumberland , Westmorland , Yorkshire , and Cheshire . Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution . Liverpool and Manchester grew into its largest cities , with economies built around the docks and the cotton mills respectively . These cities dominated global trade and the birth of modern industrial capitalism .'}]}, {'value': '1868', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reigate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reigate_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Reigate /ˈraɪɡeɪt/ is a constituency [ a ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Crispin Blunt of the Conservative Party . [ b ]'}]}, {'value': 'Surrey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Surrey', 'summary': 'Surrey ( /ˈsʌri/ SURR-ee ) is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east , East Sussex to the southeast , West Sussex to the south , Hampshire to the west , Berkshire to the northwest , and Greater London to the northeast . With about 1.2 million people , Surrey is the twelfth most populous English county , the third most populous home county , after Kent and Essex , and the third most populous in the Southeast , after Hampshire and Kent . Surrey is a wealthy county . It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county , some of the highest property values outside Inner London , and also the highest cost of living outside the capital . It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England . It has four horse racing courses , and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth . Guildford is popularly regarded as the county town , although Surrey County Council is based extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames . Surrey is divided into eleven districts .'}]}, {'value': '1868', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Totnes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Totnes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Totnes is a Parliamentary constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since December 2019 by Conservative Anthony Mangnall . Mangnall defeated incumbent Dr Sarah Wollaston who had originally been elected as a Conservative but defected to the Liberal Democrats earlier that year . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Devon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Devon', 'summary': "Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/ ) , also known as Devonshire , is a county of England , reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south . It is part of South West England , bounded by Cornwall to the west , Somerset to the north east , and Dorset to the east . The city of Exeter is the county town . The county includes the districts of East Devon , Mid Devon , North Devon , South Hams , Teignbridge , Torridge , and West Devon . Plymouth and Torbay are each geographically part of Devon , but are administered as unitary authorities . Combined as a ceremonial county , Devon 's area is 6,707 km2 ( 2,590 square miles ) and its population is about 1.1 million . Devon derives its name from Dumnonia . During the British Iron Age , Roman Britain , and the early Middle Ages , this was the homeland of the Dumnonii Brittonic Celts . ( The shift from M to V is a typical Celtic consonant shift . ) The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain resulted in the partial assimilation of Dumnonia into the Kingdom of Wessex during the eighth and ninth centuries . The western boundary with Cornwall was set at the River Tamar by King Æthelstan in 936 . Devon was later constituted as a shire of the Kingdom of England ."}]}, {'value': '1869', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bridgwater', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridgwater_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Bridgwater was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , until 2010 when it was replaced by the Bridgwater and West Somerset constituency . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election .'}]}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset', 'summary': "Somerset ( /ˈsʌmərsɛt/ ( listen ) or locally /ˈzʌmərzɛt/ ; archaically , Somersetshire ) is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north , Wiltshire to the east , Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west . It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel , its coastline facing southeastern Wales . Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon . Somerset 's county town is Taunton . Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills , the Blackdown Hills , Mendip Hills , Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park , and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels . There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times , and of subsequent settlement by the Celts , Romans and Anglo-Saxons . The county played a significant part in Alfred the Great 's rise to power , and later the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion . The city of Bath is famous for its Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': '1869', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beverley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Beverley has been the name of a parliamentary constituency in the East Riding of Yorkshire for three periods . From medieval times until 1869 it was a parliamentary borough consisting of a limited electorate of property owners of its early designated borders within the market town of Beverley , which returned ( elected ) two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the English and Welsh-turned-UK Parliament during that period ( sometimes called burgesses ) . A form of a Beverley seat was revived for a single-member county constituency created in 1950 , abolished in 1955 , and similarly between the 1983 and 1992 general elections inclusive after which the area was largely incorporated into one 1997-created seat Beverley and Holderness ; the remainder of the seat contributed to two other late 20th century-created seats .'}]}, {'value': 'Yorkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yorkshire', 'summary': "Yorkshire ( /ˈjɔːrkʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; abbreviated Yorks ) , formally known as the County of York , is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom . Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties , functions have been undertaken over time by its subdivisions , which have also been subject to periodic reform . Throughout these changes , Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region . The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military , and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration such as North Yorkshire , South Yorkshire , West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire . Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are vast stretches of unspoiled countryside . This can be found in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and with the open aspect of some of the major cities . Yorkshire has also been nicknamed God 's Own County . The emblem of Yorkshire is the White Rose of the English royal House of York , and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a blue background , which after nearly fifty years of use , was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008 . Yorkshire Day , held annually on 1 August , is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire , ranging from its history to its own dialect . Yorkshire is covered by different Government Office Regions . Most of the county falls within Yorkshire and the Humber while the extreme northern part of the county , such as Middlesbrough , Redcar , Holwick and Startforth , falls within North East England . Small areas in the west of the county are covered by the North West England region ."}]}, {'value': '1869', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cashel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cashel_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Cashel is a former British Parliament constituency in Ireland , returning one MP . It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801 . There were problems with the 21 November 1868 election in the Borough . A petition was presented by the losing candidate , alleging corruption . As a result , the election was declared void . Parliament then passed the Sligo and Cashel Disenfranchisement Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict . c.38 ) . On 1 August 1870 Cashel lost the right to elect its own MP . The area was transferred to form part of the Tipperary ( UK Parliament constituency ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Tipperary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_Tipperary', 'summary': 'County Tipperary ( Irish : Contae Thiobraid Árann ) is a county in Ireland . It is located in the province of Munster . The county is named after the town of Tipperary , and was established in the early thirteenth century , shortly after the Norman invasion of Ireland . The population of the county was 159,553 at the 2016 census . The largest towns are Clonmel , Nenagh and Thurles . Tipperary County Council is the local government authority for the county . Between 1838 and 2014 county Tipperary was divided into two ridings/counties , North Tipperary and South Tipperary , which were unified under the Local Government Reform Act 2014 , which came into effect following the 2014 local elections on 3 June 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '1870', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sligo Borough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sligo_Borough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "Sligo Borough is a former borough constituency in Ireland , represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801 , and returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) , elected by the first past the post system of election . Numerous elections were overturned on petition by the losing candidate ; after the 1868 election was overturned , a Royal Commission examined the matter and reported that at the last three elections of members to serve in Parliament for the Borough of Sligo , corrupt practices have extensively prevailed . Parliament therefore passed the Sligo and Cashel Disenfranchisement Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict . c.38 ) which came into force on 1 August 1870 . The act disfranchised Sligo Borough as well as Cashel , another Irish borough . The area of Sligo borough became part of the Sligo County constituency . In 1881 the county 's MP , Thomas Sexton , introduced a private member 's bill to re-enfranchise the borough , which was defeated on second reading ."}]}, {'value': 'County Sligo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_Sligo', 'summary': 'County Sligo ( /ˈslaɪɡoʊ/ SLY-goh , Irish : Contae Shligigh ) is a county in Ireland . It is located in the Border Region and is part of the province of Connacht . Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county . Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county . The population of the county is 65,535 according to the 2016 census , making it the 3rd most populated county in the province , and 26th in the country . It is noted for Benbulben Mountain , one of Irelands most distinctive natural landmarks .'}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Macclesfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macclesfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Macclesfield is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by David Rutley , a Conservative . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Cheshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheshire', 'summary': "Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər , -ɪər/ CHESH-ər , -\u2060eer ; archaically the County Palatine of Chester ) is a county in North West England , bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north , Derbyshire to the east , Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south , and Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough in Wales to the west . Cheshire 's county town is the City of Chester ( 118,200 ) ; the largest town is Warrington ( 209,700 ) . Other major towns include Crewe ( 71,722 ) , Runcorn ( 61,789 ) , Widnes ( 61,464 ) , Ellesmere Port ( 55,715 ) , Macclesfield ( 52,044 ) , Winsford ( 32,610 ) and Northwich ( 19,924 ) . The county covers 905 square miles ( 2,344 km2 ) and has a population of around 1 million . It is mostly rural , with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese , salt , chemicals and silk ."}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandwich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Sandwich was a parliamentary constituency in Kent , which elected two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) to the House of Commons from 1366 until 1885 , when it was disfranchised for corruption .'}]}, {'value': 'Kent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kent', 'summary': 'Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties . It borders Greater London to the north-west , Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west . The county also shares borders with Essex along the estuary of the River Thames ( connected by land via High Speed 1 and the Dartford Crossing ) , and with the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel . The county town is Maidstone . Kent was among the first British territories conquered and settled by Anglo-Saxons . Canterbury Cathedral in Kent has been the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury , leader of the Church of England , since the Reformation . Prior to that it was built by Catholics , dating back to the conversion of England to Catholicism by Saint Augustine that began in the 6th century . Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church , Canterbury , as well as being the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury . The last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury was Reginald Pole . Rochester Cathedral is also in Kent , in Medway . It is the second-oldest cathedral in England , with Canterbury Cathedral being the oldest . Between London and the Strait of Dover , which separates it from mainland Europe , Kent has seen both diplomacy and conflict , ranging from the Leeds Castle peace talks of 1978 and 2004 to the Battle of Britain in World War II .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of Parliamentary boroughs in the United Kingdom which were disenfranchised for corruption in the 19th century .', 'uid': 'List_of_constituencies_of_the_United_Kingdom_Parliament_disenfranchised_for_corruption_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of Parliamentary boroughs in the United Kingdom which were disenfranchised for corruption in the 19th century.'}
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What is the borough listed for the county that includes the towns are Clonmel , Nenagh and Thurles ?
Cashel
feba4f66b39ba0ae
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Canada', 'title': 'List of waterfalls of Canada', 'header': ['Waterfall', 'Drop', 'Province'], 'data': [{'value': 'Della Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Della_Falls', 'summary': 'Della Falls is a waterfall in Strathcona Provincial Park on Vancouver Island and is among one of the tallest waterfalls in Canada .'}]}, {'value': '440 m ( 1,440 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunlen Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunlen_Falls', 'summary': 'Hunlen Falls is a waterfall in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia , Canada . It is located in Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park , west of the communities of Tatla Lake , Kleena Kleene and Nimpo Lake , and east of Bella Coola . It one of the tallest waterfalls in Canada when measured as a continuous unbroken drop . Sources vary , but the official BC Parks measurement is 260 m ( 853 ft ) . Other waterfalls such as Della Falls on Vancouver Island are higher , but are of the cascading type . Hunlen Falls drops from the north end of Turner Lake via Hunlen Creek into the Atnarko River , a tributary of the Bella Coola River . Erosion of the canyon below Hunlen Falls has created an alluvial fan into the Atnarko Valley . The falls were named in 1947 after a Chilcotin Chief named Hana-lin , who used to fish below the falls in the autumn with a fish trap , and trap game nearby . In the 1930s it was sometimes called Mystery Falls and before that occasionally called Bella Coola Falls . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '253 m ( 830 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Panther Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panther_Falls', 'summary': 'Panther Falls are a series of waterfalls in Banff National Park , Alberta , Canada . It is developed on Nigel Creek and its waters originate in Nigel Pass , between the slopes of Cirrus Mountain and Nigel Peak in the Parker Ridge of the Canadian Rockies . It is a class 3 waterfall , with a drop of 200 ft ( 61 m ) and a width of 25 ft ( 7.6 m ) .'}]}, {'value': '183 m ( 600 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alberta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helmcken Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helmcken_Falls', 'summary': 'Helmcken Falls is a 141 m ( 463 ft ) waterfall on the Murtle River within Wells Gray Provincial Park in British Columbia , Canada . The protection of Helmcken Falls was one of the reasons for the creation of Wells Gray Provincial Park in 1939 . Helmcken Falls is the fourth highest waterfall in Canada , measured by total straight drop without a break . Higher Canadian waterfalls are Hunlen Falls in Tweedsmuir Provincial Park , Takakkaw Falls in Yoho National Park , and Della Falls in Strathcona Provincial Park , all in British Columbia . There are six other waterfalls on the Murtle River , upstream from Helmcken Falls . The others are The Mushbowl , Dawson Falls , Majerus Falls , Horseshoe Falls , Meadow Falls and McDougall Falls . Only Helmcken , The Mushbowl and Dawson can be reached by road . Majerus , Horseshoe and McDougall Falls are accessed by trails . Meadow Falls is very difficult to view , except by air .'}]}, {'value': '137 m ( 449 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bridal Veil Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridal_Veil_Falls_(Banff)', 'summary': 'Bridal Veil Fall is a waterfall in Banff National Park , Alberta , Canada . It originates in the Huntington Glacier on the slopes of Cirrus Mountain . Its waters drain into Nigel Creek , then into the North Saskatchewan River at the Big Bend of the Icefields Parkway . It is a class 4 waterfall , with a drop of 1,200 ft ( 370 m ) and a width of 20 ft ( 6.1 m ) . The tallest single drop is 400 ft ( 120 m ) .'}]}, {'value': '122 m ( 400 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virginia Falls ( Northwest Territories )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_Falls_(Northwest_Territories)', 'summary': "Virginia Falls ( Slave : Nailicho ) is a waterfall in Nahanni National Park Reserve , Northwest Territories , Canada . It is located on the South Nahanni River , at an elevation of 500 m ( 1,600 ft ) . It is located 120 km ( 75 mi ) from the Yukon border . It has a total drop of 96 m ( 315 ft ) , making it about twice the height of Niagara Falls . It consists of a single drop with an average width of 259 m ( 850 ft ) . The rock in the centre of the falls is called Mason 's Rock , named after Bill Mason , a Canadian canoeist , author , and filmmaker . The Virginia Falls Water Aerodrome is close by ."}]}, {'value': '90 m ( 300 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwest Territories', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montmorency Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montmorency_Falls', 'summary': 'The Montmorency Falls ( French : Chute Montmorency ) is a large waterfall on the Montmorency River in Quebec , Canada .'}]}, {'value': '84 m ( 276 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Twin Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Twin_Falls_(British_Columbia)', 'summary': 'Twin Falls is a waterfall in British Columbia , Canada . It is 590 feet high . It is found in Yoho National Park .'}]}, {'value': '80 m ( 260 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ouiatchouan Falls', 'urls': []}, {'value': '79 m ( 259 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Churchill Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Churchill_Falls', 'summary': "Churchill Falls is a 75 m ( 245 ft ) high waterfall on the Churchill River in Labrador , Canada . Formerly counted among the most impressive natural features of Canada , the diversion of the river for the Churchill Falls Generating Station has cut off almost all of the falls ' former flow , leaving a small stream winding through its old bed and trickling down the rocks ."}]}, {'value': '75 m ( 246 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newfoundland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brandywine Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandywine_Falls_Provincial_Park', 'summary': 'Brandywine Falls Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada , located adjacent to BC Highway 99 between Garibaldi and Whistler , British Columbia . It is managed by Sea to Sky Parks for BC Parks .'}]}, {'value': '61 m ( 200 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Columbia', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Overview -- Waterfalls with the greatest drop', 'section_text': 'According to The Canadian Encyclopedia website , these ten waterfalls have the greatest total drop . [ 2 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_waterfalls_of_Canada_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of waterfalls in Canada, by province.'}
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What park is home to the second tallest waterfall in Canada ?
Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park
febacab92aec4f0f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_UCI_Asia_Tour', 'title': '2005 UCI Asia Tour', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Team', 'Points'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrey Mizurov ( KAZ )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrey_Mizurov', 'summary': 'Andrey Mizourov ( Kazakh : Андрей Мизуров , born March 16 , 1973 in Karaganda , Soviet Union , now Kazakhstan ) is a former Kazakhstani professional road bicycle racer .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling Team Capec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_Team_Capec', 'summary': 'Capec was a Kazakh UCI Continental cycling team .'}]}, {'value': '213', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Cox ( RSA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Cox', 'summary': 'Ryan Cox ( 9 April 1979 - 1 August 2007 ) was a South African professional road racing cyclist . He had been cycling since 1987 and turned professional in 2000 . He first joined Amore e Vita but changed , the following year to Team Cologne which was based in Germany . He had been a member of Team Barloworld since 2003 . In 2004 and 2005 he won the South African National Road Race Championships . Cox died at Kempton Park Hospital when the main artery in his left leg burst , three weeks after a vascular lesion operation in France for a knotted artery .'}]}, {'value': 'Barloworld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barloworld_(cycling_team)', 'summary': 'Barloworld ( UCI team code : BAR ) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team that competed between 2003 and 2009 . Its sponsor company was South African and the team maintained a South African identity , but it was first registered in Italy and then , from 2007 , in Great Britain . Barloworld rode UCI Continental Circuits races and , when selected , UCI ProTour events . They were managed by Claudio Corti , with Valerio Tebaldi , Christian Andersen and Alberto Volpi as directeurs sportifs . Its prominent riders included South African Robert Hunter and Colombian Mauricio Soler . Chris Froome rode for Barloworld for 2008 and 2009 . The sponsor was Barloworld , an industrial brand management company . The team rode Bianchi frames with Shimano components .'}]}, {'value': '190', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Mareš ( CZE )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Mareš', 'summary': 'Martin Mareš ( born 23 January 1982 in Blansko ) is a retired Czech cyclist .'}]}, {'value': "eD'system ZVVZ", 'urls': []}, {'value': '174', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hossein Askari ( IRI )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hossein_Askari', 'summary': 'Hossein Askari ( Persian : حسین عسگری , born March 23 , 1975 in Khomein ) is an Iranian professional racing cyclist , who was suspended for one year for doping in 2013 and 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Giant Asia Racing Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team', 'summary': 'RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear .'}]}, {'value': '168.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David McCann ( IRL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_McCann', 'summary': 'David McCann ( born 17 March 1973 in Belfast ) is an Irish professional road bicycle racer , and rode in the 1996 , 2000 and 2012 Olympic Games . He was the Irish national road race champion in 2000 , 2001 and 2006 , and won the Irish national time trial championships a record 6 times ( 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 , 2009 & 2010 ) . He last rode for the Synergy Baku Cycling Project , an Azerbaijan-registered UCI Continental team .'}]}, {'value': 'Giant Asia Racing Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team', 'summary': 'RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear .'}]}, {'value': '160.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graeme Brown ( AUS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Graeme_Brown', 'summary': 'Graeme Allen Brown OAM ( born 9 April 1979 ) was a professional cyclist and is a dual Olympic gold medallist from Australia . He last rode for UCI Pro Continental team Drapac Professional Cycling .'}]}, {'value': 'Ceramica Panaria-Navigare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè', 'summary': 'Bardiani-CSF-Faizanè ( UCI team code : BCF ) is a professional continental cycling team registered in Italy that participates in UCI Continental Circuits races and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events . The team is managed by Bruno Reverberi with assistance from directeurs sportifs Fabiano Fontanelli and Roberto Reverberi . Reverberi has managed the team since 1982 , when it started as Termolan . Navigare was an on-and-off title-sponsor since 1990 , when the team was called Italbonifica-Navigare . The current main sponsor , Bardiani Valvole , became associated with the team in 2013 , prior to which CSF Group ( 2008-12 ) and Ceramica Panaria ( 2000-2007 ) were main sponsors .'}]}, {'value': '156', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mehdi Sohrabi ( IRI )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mehdi_Sohrabi', 'summary': 'Mehdi Sohrabi ( Persian : مهدی سهرابی , born 12 October 1981 in Zanjan ) is an Iranian professional racing cyclist , who as of 2013 rides for the Pishgaman Cycling Team . In 2010 and 2011 , Sohrabi won the UCI Asia Tour . At the end of the 2011 season , Sohrabi had many UCI-points , and because of this was contracted by UCI ProTeam Lotto-Belisol , that needed these points to secure their ProTeam status for the next season . After one year as a rider for Lotto-Belisol , Sohrabi returned to his former team in 2013 . After two years he moved to the Tabriz Shahrdari Team , from where a year later he was already in the Pishgaman Cycling Team where he is still today .'}]}, {'value': 'Paykan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '155.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ghader Mizbani ( IRI )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghader_Mizbani', 'summary': 'Ghader Mizbani Iranagh ( Persian : قادر میزبانی ایرانق , born 6 September 1975 in Tabriz ) is an Iranian former professional road bicycle racer , who rode professionally between 2001 and 2018 for the Telekom Malaysia Cycling Team , the Giant Asia Racing Team , Brisaspor , the Tabriz Petrochemical Team and the Tabriz Shahrdary Team . Mizbani won the overall standings of the UCI Asia Tour twice - in 2005-06 and 2008-09 . Mizbani won the Iranian National Road Race Championships three times and the Iranian National Time Trial Championships twice .'}]}, {'value': 'Giant Asia Racing Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team', 'summary': 'RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear .'}]}, {'value': '150.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahad Kazemi ( IRI )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahad_Kazemi', 'summary': 'Ahad Kazemi Sarai ( born 21 May 1975 ) is an Iranian cyclist riding for the Tabriz Petrochemical Team .'}]}, {'value': 'Giant Asia Racing Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team', 'summary': 'RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear .'}]}, {'value': '132.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sergey Lagutin ( UZB )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergey_Lagutin', 'summary': 'Sergey Lagutin ( Russian : Сергей Лагутин ; born 14 January 1981 ) is a professional road racing cyclist , who last rode for UCI Professional Continental team Gazprom-RusVelo .'}]}, {'value': 'Landbouwkrediet-Colnago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landbouwkrediet–Colnago', 'summary': "Crelan-Euphony ( UCI team code : CRE ) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team based in Belgium that participated in UCI Continental Circuits races and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events . The team was managed by Gérard Bulens , with assistance from directeur sportifs Jef De Bilde , Claude Criquielion , Marco Saligari and Claude Van Collie . Despite the fact that it was never a top team , they had a 3rd place in the GC of the 2003 Giro d'Italia , thanks to later Discovery Channel and Astana rider Yaroslav Popovych . The team was sponsored by the Belgian companies Crelan , a bank , and Euphony , a telecommunications company . The team folded at the end of the 2013 season , for financial reasons ."}]}, {'value': '120', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Individual classification', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2005_UCI_Asia_Tour_1', 'intro': 'The 2005 UCI Asia Tour was the first season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 16 January 2005 with the Tour of Siam and ended on 19 September 2005 with the Tour de Hokkaido. Andrey Mizurov of Kazakhstan was crowned as the 2005 UCI Asia Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:'}
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What hospital did the competitor who was number two and a member of Barloworld at 2005 UCI Asia Tour die in ?
Kempton Park Hospital
febc3356df599523
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Basketball_Association_retired_numbers', 'title': 'List of National Basketball Association retired numbers', 'header': ['No', 'Name', 'Team', 'Pos', 'Years with franchise', 'Note'], 'data': [{'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Pettit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Pettit', 'summary': "Robert Lee Pettit Jr. ( born December 12 , 1932 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He played 11 seasons in the NBA , all with the Milwaukee/St . Louis Hawks ( 1954-1965 ) . He was the first recipient of the NBA 's Most Valuable Player Award . He also won the NBA All-Star Game MVP award four times , a feat matched only by Kobe Bryant . He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1970 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1954-1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Did not play for franchise in Atlanta . Played in Milwaukee during rookie season of 1954-55 , then remainder of career in St. Louis', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dominique Wilkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dominique_Wilkins', 'summary': "Jacques Dominique Wilkins ( born January 12 , 1960 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who primarily played for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Wilkins was a nine-time NBA All-Star , and is widely viewed as one of the best dunkers in NBA history , earning the nickname The Human Highlight Reel . In 2006 , Wilkins was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . In addition to his eleven seasons with the Hawks , Wilkins had short stints with the Los Angeles Clippers , the Boston Celtics , Panathinaikos Athens ( a professional team in Greece 's top-tier level Greek Basket League , with whom he won his first titles , the FIBA European League and the Greek Cup ) , Fortitudo Bologna ( a professional team in Italy 's top-tier level LBA ) , the San Antonio Spurs , and the Orlando Magic before he retired in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982-1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Currently team vice president and television color analyst', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lou Hudson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lou_Hudson', 'summary': 'Louis Clyde Hudson ( Sweet Lou ) ( July 11 , 1944 - April 11 , 2014 ) was an American National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player , who was an All-American at the University of Minnesota and a six-time NBA All-Star , scoring 17,940 total points in 13 NBA seasons ( 1966-1979 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966-1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The team was in St. Louis in his first two seasons ( 1966-1968 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pete Maravich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pete_Maravich', 'summary': 'Peter Press Maravich ( June 22 , 1947 - January 5 , 1988 ) , known by his nickname Pistol Pete , was an American professional basketball player . Maravich was born in Aliquippa , Pennsylvania , part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area , and raised in the Carolinas . Maravich starred in college at Louisiana State University ( LSU ) while playing for his father , head coach Press Maravich . He played for three NBA teams until injuries forced his retirement in 1980 following a ten-year career . He is the all-time leading NCAA Division I scorer with 3,667 points scored and an average of 44.2 points per game . All of his accomplishments were achieved before the adoption of the three point line and shot clock , and despite being unable to play varsity as a freshman under then-NCAA rules . One of the youngest players ever inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame , Maravich was cited by the Hall as perhaps the greatest creative offensive talent in history . In an April 2010 interview , Hall of Fame player John Havlicek said that the best ball-handler of all time was Pete Maravich . Maravich died suddenly at age 40 during a pick-up game in 1988 as a consequence of a previously undetected heart defect .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970-1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dikembe Mutombo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dikembe_Mutombo', 'summary': 'Dikembe Mutombo Mpolondo Mukamba Jean-Jacques Wamutombo ( born June 25 , 1966 ) is a Congolese American retired professional basketball player . Mutombo played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Outside basketball , he has become well known for his humanitarian work . The 7 ft 2 in ( 2.18 m ) , 260-pound ( 120 kg ) center , who began his career with the Georgetown Hoyas , is commonly regarded as one of the greatest shot blockers and defensive players of all time , winning the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award four times ; he was also an eight-time All-Star . On January 10 , 2007 , he surpassed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the second most prolific shot blocker in NBA history , behind only Hakeem Olajuwon . He averaged a double-double for most of his career , and is 12th all-time in career double-doubles , and tied for second all-time in career triple doubles involving points , rebounds and blocks . At the conclusion of the 2009 NBA playoffs , Mutombo announced his retirement . On September 11 , 2015 , he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996-2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '59', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kasim Reed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kasim_Reed', 'summary': "Mohammed Kasim Reed ( born June 10 , 1969 ) is an American attorney and former politician who was the 59th mayor of Atlanta , Georgia 's state capital and largest city , from 2010 to 2018 . A Democrat , Reed was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1998 to 2002 and represented the 35th District in the Georgia State Senate from 2003 to 2009 . He served as campaign manager for Shirley Franklin 's successful Atlanta mayoral campaign in 2001 . After Franklin was term limited from the mayor 's office , Reed successfully ran for the position in 2009 . Inaugurated on January 4 , 2010 , Reed was elected to a second term in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'As mayor of Atlanta . Number represents his status as the 59th mayor of the city', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ted Turner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Turner', 'summary': "Robert Edward Turner III ( born November 19 , 1938 ) is an American media proprietor , producer , and philanthropist . As a businessman , he is known as founder of the Cable News Network ( CNN ) , the first 24-hour cable news channel . In addition , he founded WTBS , which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television , which later became TBS . As a philanthropist , he is known for his $ 1 billion gift to support the United Nations , which created the United Nations Foundation , a public charity to broaden domestic support for the UN . Turner serves as Chairman of the United Nations Foundation board of directors . Additionally , in 2001 , Turner co-founded the Nuclear Threat Initiative with US Senator Sam Nunn ( D-GA ) . NTI is a non-partisan organization dedicated to reducing global reliance on , and preventing the proliferation of nuclear , chemical , and biological weapons . He currently serves as Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors . Turner 's media empire began with his father 's billboard business , Turner Outdoor Advertising , which he took over in 1963 after his father 's suicide . It was worth $ 1 million . His purchase of an Atlanta UHF station in 1970 began the Turner Broadcasting System . CNN revolutionized news media , covering the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 and the Persian Gulf War in 1991 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977-2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': "As team owner . While the team presented Turner a framed Hawks jersey with No . 17 , the banner raised to the rafters carried an old Hawks logo with Turner 's name instead of a number", 'urls': []}, {'value': '00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Parish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Parish', 'summary': "Robert Parish ( born August 30 , 1953 ) is an American retired basketball center who played 21 seasons in the NBA , tied for second most in league history . He played an NBA-record 1,611 regular season games in his career . Parish was known for his strong defense , high arcing jump shots , and clutch rebounding late in games . Parish was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003 . In 1996 , Parish was also named as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History . His nickname was The Chief , after the fictitious Chief Bromden , a silent , giant Native American character in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest . According to Parish , former Celtics forward Cedric Maxwell gave him this nickname because of his stoic nature ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980-1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walter A . Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walter_A._Brown', 'summary': 'Walter A . Brown ( February 10 , 1905 - September 7 , 1964 ) was the founder and original owner of the Boston Celtics as well as an important figure in the development of ice hockey in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1946-1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'As team founder-owner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Auerbach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Auerbach', 'summary': 'Arnold Jacob Red Auerbach ( September 20 , 1917 - October 28 , 2006 ) was an American basketball coach of the Washington Capitols , the Tri-Cities Blackhawks and , most notably , the Boston Celtics . After he retired from coaching , he served as president and front office executive of the Celtics until his death . As a coach , he won 938 games ( a record at his retirement ) and nine National Basketball Association ( NBA ) championships in ten seasons ( a number surpassed only by Phil Jackson , who won 11 in eighteen seasons ) . As general manager and team president of the Celtics , he won an additional seven NBA titles , for a grand total of 16 in a span of 29 years , making him one of the most successful team officials in the history of North American professional sports . Auerbach is remembered as a pioneer of modern basketball , redefining basketball as a game dominated by team play and defense and for introducing the fast break as a potent offensive weapon . He groomed many players who went on to be inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame . Additionally , Auerbach was vital in breaking down color barriers in the NBA . He made history by drafting the first African-American NBA player , Chuck Cooper in 1950 , introduced the first African-American starting five in 1964 , and hired the first African-American head coach in North American sports ( Bill Russell in 1966 ) . Famous for his polarizing nature , he was well known for smoking a cigar when he thought a victory was assured , a habit that became , for many , the ultimate symbol of victory during his Boston tenure . In 1967 , the NBA Coach of the Year award , which he had won in 1965 , was named the Red Auerbach Trophy , and Auerbach was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1969 . In 1980 , he was named the greatest coach in the history of the NBA by the Professional Basketball Writers Association of America , and was NBA Executive of the Year in 1980 . In addition , Auerbach was voted one of the NBA 10 Greatest Coaches in history , was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame , and is honored with a retired number 2 jersey in the TD Garden , the home of the Boston Celtics .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1950-2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'As head coach ( 1950 - 1966 ) and executive ( 1950-2006 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Boston_Celtics_head_coaches', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team is owned by Wycliffe Grousbeck and coached by Brad Stevens , with Danny Ainge as the general manager . Founded in 1946 , their 17 NBA Championships are the most for any NBA franchise , and their eight consecutive NBA championships from 1959 to 1966 represent the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any North American professional sports team to date . They play their home games in the TD Garden . There have been 17 head coaches for the Boston Celtics franchise . The Celtics won their first NBA championship in the 1957 NBA Finals under the coaching of Red Auerbach . Auerbach is the franchise 's all-time leader in the number of regular-season and playoff wins as a coach . Auerbach and Bill Fitch were included in the Top 10 Coaches in NBA history . Fitch was the 1979-80 NBA Coach of the Year and also led the Celtics to a championship in 1981 . Auerbach led the Celtics to nine championships , in 1957 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 , 1965 , and 1966 . He was also the 1965-65 Coach of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1950–51_NBA_season', 'summary': 'The 1950-51 NBA season was the fifth season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Rochester Royals winning the NBA Championship , beating the New York Knicks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1965–66_NBA_season', 'summary': 'The 1965-66 NBA Season was the 20th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning an unprecedented 8th straight NBA Championship , beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 in the 1966 NBA Finals .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dennis Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dennis_Johnson', 'summary': "Dennis Wayne Johnson ( September 18 , 1954 - February 22 , 2007 ) , nicknamed DJ , was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association 's ( NBA ) Seattle SuperSonics , Phoenix Suns and Boston Celtics and coach of the Los Angeles Clippers . He was an alumnus of Dominguez High School , Los Angeles Harbor College and Pepperdine University . A prototypical late bloomer , Johnson overcame early struggles and had a successful NBA playing career . Drafted 29th overall in 1976 by the Seattle SuperSonics , Johnson began his professional career as a shooting guard . He eventually led the Sonics to their only NBA championship in 1979 , winning the Finals MVP Award . After a short stint with the Phoenix Suns , he became the starting point guard for the Boston Celtics , with whom he won two more championships . Johnson was voted into five All-Star Teams , one All-NBA First and one Second Team , and nine consecutive All-Defensive First and Second Teams . Apart from his reputation as a defensive stopper , Johnson was known as a clutch player who made several decisive plays in NBA playoffs history . The Celtics franchise has retired Johnson 's # 3 jersey , which hangs from the rafters of the TD Garden , the home arena of the team . On April 5 , 2010 , the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame officially announced that Johnson had been posthumously elected to the Hall . He was formally inducted on August 13 . He is considered by several sports journalists to be one of the most underrated players of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983-1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Served as assistant coach from 1993 to 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Russell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Russell', 'summary': "William Felton Russell ( born February 12 , 1934 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1956 to 1969 . A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a twelve-time All-Star , he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won eleven NBA championships during his thirteen-year career . Russell and Henri Richard of the National Hockey League are tied for the record of the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league . Russell led the University of San Francisco to two consecutive NCAA championships in 1955 and 1956 , and he captained the gold-medal winning U.S. national basketball team at the 1956 Summer Olympics . Bill Russell is regarded by many as one of the greatest basketball players of all time . He is 6 ft 10 in ( 2.08 m ) tall , with a 7 ft 4 in ( 2.24 m ) wingspan . His shot-blocking and man-to-man defense were major reasons for the Celtics ' domination of the NBA during his career . Russell was equally notable for his rebounding abilities . He led the NBA in rebounds four times , had a dozen consecutive seasons of 1,000 or more rebounds , and remains second all-time in both total rebounds and rebounds per game . He is one of just two NBA players ( the other being prominent rival Wilt Chamberlain ) to have grabbed more than 50 rebounds in a game . Russell was never the focal point of the Celtics ' offense , but he did score 14,522 career points and provided effective passing . Russell played in the wake of black pioneers Earl Lloyd , Chuck Cooper , and Sweetwater Clifton , and he was the first black player to achieve superstar status in the NBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956-1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Also served as head coach ( 1966 - 1969 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Boston_Celtics_head_coaches', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team is owned by Wycliffe Grousbeck and coached by Brad Stevens , with Danny Ainge as the general manager . Founded in 1946 , their 17 NBA Championships are the most for any NBA franchise , and their eight consecutive NBA championships from 1959 to 1966 represent the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any North American professional sports team to date . They play their home games in the TD Garden . There have been 17 head coaches for the Boston Celtics franchise . The Celtics won their first NBA championship in the 1957 NBA Finals under the coaching of Red Auerbach . Auerbach is the franchise 's all-time leader in the number of regular-season and playoff wins as a coach . Auerbach and Bill Fitch were included in the Top 10 Coaches in NBA history . Fitch was the 1979-80 NBA Coach of the Year and also led the Celtics to a championship in 1981 . Auerbach led the Celtics to nine championships , in 1957 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 , 1965 , and 1966 . He was also the 1965-65 Coach of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1966–67_NBA_season', 'summary': "The 1966-67 NBA Season was the 21st season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Philadelphia 76ers winning the NBA Championship , beating the San Francisco Warriors 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals , ending the Boston Celtics ' record title run at 8 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1968–69_NBA_season', 'summary': 'The 1968-69 NBA season was the 23rd season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jo Jo White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jo_Jo_White', 'summary': "Joseph Henry White ( November 16 , 1946 - January 16 , 2018 ) was an American professional basketball player . As an amateur , he played basketball at the University of Kansas and represented the U.S. men 's basketball team during the 1968 Summer Olympics . As a professional , he is best known for his ten-year stint with the Boston Celtics of the NBA , where he led the team towards two NBA championships and set a franchise record of 488 consecutive games played . White was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969-1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Cousy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Cousy', 'summary': 'Robert Joseph Cousy ( /ˈkuːziː/ , born August 9 , 1928 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . Cousy played point guard with the Boston Celtics from 1950 to 1963 , and briefly with the Cincinnati Royals in the 1969-70 season . Making his high school varsity squad as a junior , he went on to earn a scholarship to the College of the Holy Cross , where he led the Crusaders to berths in the 1948 NCAA Tournament and 1950 NCAA Tournament , and won NCAA All-American honors for three seasons . Cousy was initially drafted by the Tri-Cities Blackhawks as the third overall pick in the first round of the 1950 NBA draft , but after he refused to report , he was picked up by Boston . He had an exceptionally successful career with the Celtics , leading the league an unprecedented 8 straight years in assists , playing on six NBA championship teams , and being voted into 13 NBA All-Star Games in his 13 full NBA seasons . He was also named to 12 All-NBA First and Second Teams and won the 1957 NBA Most Valuable Player Award . En route to his assist streak that was unmatched either in number of crowns or consecutive years , Cousy introduced a new blend of ball-handling and passing skills to the NBA that earned him the nickname The Houdini of the Hardwood . Also known as Cooz , he was regularly introduced at Boston Garden as Mr. Basketball . After his playing career , he coached the Royals for several years , capped by a seven-game cameo comeback for them at age 41 . Cousy then became a broadcaster for Celtics games . Upon his election to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1971 the Celtics retired his No . 14 jersey and hung it in the rafters of the Garden .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1950-1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Later served as team ambassador and color analyst', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Heinsohn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Heinsohn', 'summary': "Thomas William Heinsohn ( born August 26 , 1934 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He has been associated with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for six decades as a player , coach and broadcaster . He played for the Celtics from 1956 to 1965 , and also coached the team from 1969 to 1978 . He has since spent over thirty years as the color commentator for the Celtics ' local broadcasts alongside play-by-play commentator Mike Gorman . He has been regarded as one of the most iconic and charismatic Celtics of the 1950s-60s championship teams , being called the godfather of the city of Boston , by former teammate John Havlicek . Tom Heinsohn has been granted Hall of Fame status for his contributions as a player . He has also been inducted into the Hall of Fame for his success as a head coach . He also helped form the NBA Players Association . Heinsohn is the only person to have the distinction of being involved in an official team capacity in each of the Celtics ' 17 championships , as well as each of their 21 NBA Finals appearances ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956-1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Also served as head coach ( 1969 - 1978 ) ; as broadcaster ( 1980-present )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Boston_Celtics_head_coaches', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team is owned by Wycliffe Grousbeck and coached by Brad Stevens , with Danny Ainge as the general manager . Founded in 1946 , their 17 NBA Championships are the most for any NBA franchise , and their eight consecutive NBA championships from 1959 to 1966 represent the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any North American professional sports team to date . They play their home games in the TD Garden . There have been 17 head coaches for the Boston Celtics franchise . The Celtics won their first NBA championship in the 1957 NBA Finals under the coaching of Red Auerbach . Auerbach is the franchise 's all-time leader in the number of regular-season and playoff wins as a coach . Auerbach and Bill Fitch were included in the Top 10 Coaches in NBA history . Fitch was the 1979-80 NBA Coach of the Year and also led the Celtics to a championship in 1981 . Auerbach led the Celtics to nine championships , in 1957 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 , 1965 , and 1966 . He was also the 1965-65 Coach of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1969–70_NBA_season', 'summary': 'The 1969-70 NBA Season was the 24th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the New York Knicks winning the NBA Championship , beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals . For this season , officials switched from wearing the traditional black-and-white striped shirts to solid gray shirts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1978–79_NBA_season', 'summary': "The 1978-79 NBA season was the 33rd season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Seattle SuperSonics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Washington Bullets 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals , a rematch of the previous year 's Finals , but with the opposite result ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Satch Sanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Satch_Sanders', 'summary': "Thomas Ernest Satch Sanders ( born November 8 , 1938 ) is an American retired college and professional basketball player and coach . He was a 6 ' 6 , 210 lb power forward . Sanders is tied for third for most NBA championships in a career , and is one of three NBA players with an unsurpassed 8-0 record in NBA Finals series outcomes . On April 4 , 2011 , it was announced that Sanders was elected to the 2011 class to enter the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1960-1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Also served as head coach ( 1978 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Boston_Celtics_head_coaches', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team is owned by Wycliffe Grousbeck and coached by Brad Stevens , with Danny Ainge as the general manager . Founded in 1946 , their 17 NBA Championships are the most for any NBA franchise , and their eight consecutive NBA championships from 1959 to 1966 represent the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any North American professional sports team to date . They play their home games in the TD Garden . There have been 17 head coaches for the Boston Celtics franchise . The Celtics won their first NBA championship in the 1957 NBA Finals under the coaching of Red Auerbach . Auerbach is the franchise 's all-time leader in the number of regular-season and playoff wins as a coach . Auerbach and Bill Fitch were included in the Top 10 Coaches in NBA history . Fitch was the 1979-80 NBA Coach of the Year and also led the Celtics to a championship in 1981 . Auerbach led the Celtics to nine championships , in 1957 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 , 1965 , and 1966 . He was also the 1965-65 Coach of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1978–79_NBA_season', 'summary': "The 1978-79 NBA season was the 33rd season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Seattle SuperSonics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Washington Bullets 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals , a rematch of the previous year 's Finals , but with the opposite result ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Havlicek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Havlicek', 'summary': 'John Joseph Havlicek ( /ˈhævlɪtʃɛk/ HAV-li-chek ; April 8 , 1940 - April 25 , 2019 ) was an American professional basketball player who competed for 16 seasons with the Boston Celtics , winning eight NBA championships , four of them coming in his first four seasons with the team . In the National Basketball Association he is one of four players to have won eight championships in their playing careers ; only teammates Bill Russell and Sam Jones have won more , with 11 and 10 championships respectively . Havlicek is also one of three NBA players with an unsurpassed 8-0 record in NBA Finals series outcomes . Havlicek is widely considered to have been one of the greatest players in the history of the game and was inducted as a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1984 . He was a three-sport athlete at Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport , Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962-1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Cowens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Cowens', 'summary': "David William Cowens ( born October 25 , 1948 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and NBA head coach . At 6 ' 9 , he played the center position and occasionally played power forward . Cowens spent most of his playing career with the Boston Celtics . He was the 1971 NBA Rookie of the Year and the 1973 NBA Most Valuable Player . Cowens won NBA championships as a member of the Celtics in 1974 and 1976 . He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1991 . Cowens has held numerous NBA head coaching positions . Most recently , Cowens served as an assistant coach and then as a special assistant to Detroit Pistons President of Basketball Operations Joe Dumars ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1970-1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Also served as head coach ( 1978-1979 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Boston_Celtics_head_coaches', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They play in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The team is owned by Wycliffe Grousbeck and coached by Brad Stevens , with Danny Ainge as the general manager . Founded in 1946 , their 17 NBA Championships are the most for any NBA franchise , and their eight consecutive NBA championships from 1959 to 1966 represent the longest consecutive championship winning streak of any North American professional sports team to date . They play their home games in the TD Garden . There have been 17 head coaches for the Boston Celtics franchise . The Celtics won their first NBA championship in the 1957 NBA Finals under the coaching of Red Auerbach . Auerbach is the franchise 's all-time leader in the number of regular-season and playoff wins as a coach . Auerbach and Bill Fitch were included in the Top 10 Coaches in NBA history . Fitch was the 1979-80 NBA Coach of the Year and also led the Celtics to a championship in 1981 . Auerbach led the Celtics to nine championships , in 1957 , 1959 , 1960 , 1961 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 , 1965 , and 1966 . He was also the 1965-65 Coach of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1978–79_NBA_season', 'summary': "The 1978-79 NBA season was the 33rd season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Seattle SuperSonics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Washington Bullets 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals , a rematch of the previous year 's Finals , but with the opposite result ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Nelson', 'summary': 'Donald Arvid Nelson ( born May 15 , 1940 ) , sometimes known as Nellie , is an American former National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player and head coach . Nelson has the most wins of any coach in NBA history , with 1,335 . He coached the Milwaukee Bucks , the New York Knicks , the Dallas Mavericks , and the Golden State Warriors . After an All-American career at the University of Iowa , Nelson won five NBA Championships playing with the Boston Celtics , with his number 19 retired by the franchise . His unique brand of basketball is often referred to as Nellie Ball . A coaching innovator , Nelson is credited with , among other things , pioneering the concept of the point forward , a tactic which is frequently employed by teams at every level today . He was named one of the Top 10 coaches in NBA history . On April 7 , 2010 , he passed Lenny Wilkens for first place on the all-time NBA wins list with his 1,333rd win . His all-time record coaching record was 1,335-1,063 ( .557 ) . Nelson was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965-1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Sharman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Sharman', 'summary': 'William Walton Sharman ( May 25 , 1926 - October 25 , 2013 ) was an American professional basketball player and coach . He is mostly known for his time with the Boston Celtics in the 1950s , partnering with Bob Cousy in what some consider the greatest backcourt duo of all time . As a coach , Sharman won titles in the ABL , ABA , and NBA , and is credited with introducing the now ubiquitous morning shootaround . He was the first North American sports figure to win a championship as a player , coach , and executive . He was a 10-time NBA champion ( having won four titles as a player with the Celtics , one as head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers , and five as a Lakers executive ) , and a 12-time World Champion in basketball overall counting his ABL and ABA titles . Sharman is also a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee , having been being inducted in 1976 as a player , and in 2004 as a coach . Only John Wooden , Lenny Wilkens and Tommy Heinsohn share this double honor .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1951-1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List', 'section_text': 'Elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame', 'uid': 'List_of_National_Basketball_Association_retired_jersey_numbers_0', 'intro': 'As a way to honor key contributors including players, coaches, fans, broadcasters and announcers, National Basketball Association (NBA) teams often retire their jersey numbers, win totals or microphones. In the case of jersey numbers, they are usually no longer available for future players to wear, although they can ask for permission from players whose jerseys are retired. Teams usually display these numbers by hanging banners on the rafters inside their home arena. As of 2019[update], three teams (Los Angeles Clippers, Orlando Magic and Toronto Raptors) do not have any retired numbers.'}
null
null
How many wins did the player who left his franchise in 1976 achieve as a head coach ?
1,335
febcce7a68622bb3
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Senate', 'title': 'Colorado Senate', 'header': ['Position', 'Senator', 'Party', 'District'], 'data': [{'value': 'President', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)', 'summary': 'A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states . The formal name varies from state to state . In 25 states , the legislature is simply called the Legislature , or the State Legislature , while in 19 states the legislature is called the General Assembly . In Massachusetts and New Hampshire , the legislature is called the General Court , while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly .'}]}, {'value': 'Leroy Garcia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leroy_Garcia', 'summary': 'Leroy Garcia is a Democratic Party member of the Colorado State Senate , serving since 2015 . Garcia previously served in the Colorado House of Representatives from 2013 to 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President pro Tempore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)', 'summary': 'A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states . The formal name varies from state to state . In 25 states , the legislature is simply called the Legislature , or the State Legislature , while in 19 states the legislature is called the General Assembly . In Massachusetts and New Hampshire , the legislature is called the General Court , while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly .'}]}, {'value': 'Nancy Todd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nancy_Todd', 'summary': 'Nancy Janann Todd ( born October 28 , 1948 ) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Colorado Senate representing District 28 since January 12 , 2011 . From January 2005 to January 9 , 2013 , Todd served in the Colorado House of Representatives , representing District 41 . In January 2020 , Todd was elected President pro tempore of the Colorado Senate , filling a vacancy created when Lois Court resigned from the senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Majority Leader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Majority_Leader', 'summary': 'In U.S. politics , the majority floor leader is a partisan position in a legislative body . In the federal Congress , the role of the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and the Majority Leader of the United States Senate differ slightly . In the United States Senate , the majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party , as the president of the Senate is also the Vice-President of the United States , and the President pro tempore , though technically a substitute for the president of the Senate , is in reality a largely ceremonial position . In the United States House of Representatives , the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congresspeople in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House . While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate , the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen . Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system , the majority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat . The majority leader is often assisted in their role by whips , whose job is to enforce party discipline on votes deemed to be crucial by the party leadership and to ensure that members do not vote in a way not approved of by the party . Some votes are deemed to be so crucial as to lead to punitive measures ( such as demotion from choice committee assignments ) if the party line is violated ; decisions such as these are often made by the majority leader in conjunction with other senior party leaders . In the states , the majority leader of a state legislative chamber usually performs a similar role to the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives . State senate presidents pro tempore are typically not ceremonial , but more akin to the Majority Leader of the United States Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Fenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Fenberg', 'summary': "Stephen Fenberg ( born January 2 , 1984 ) is an American Democratic politician serving as a State Senator from Colorado . He has served in the state 's 18th district since 2017 . He currently serves as Senate Majority Leader ."}]}, {'value': 'Democratic', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Assistant Majority Leader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Majority_Leader', 'summary': 'In U.S. politics , the majority floor leader is a partisan position in a legislative body . In the federal Congress , the role of the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and the Majority Leader of the United States Senate differ slightly . In the United States Senate , the majority leader is the chief spokesperson for the majority party , as the president of the Senate is also the Vice-President of the United States , and the President pro tempore , though technically a substitute for the president of the Senate , is in reality a largely ceremonial position . In the United States House of Representatives , the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congresspeople in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House . While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate , the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen . Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system , the majority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat . The majority leader is often assisted in their role by whips , whose job is to enforce party discipline on votes deemed to be crucial by the party leadership and to ensure that members do not vote in a way not approved of by the party . Some votes are deemed to be so crucial as to lead to punitive measures ( such as demotion from choice committee assignments ) if the party line is violated ; decisions such as these are often made by the majority leader in conjunction with other senior party leaders . In the states , the majority leader of a state legislative chamber usually performs a similar role to the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives . State senate presidents pro tempore are typically not ceremonial , but more akin to the Majority Leader of the United States Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Rhonda Fields', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhonda_Fields', 'summary': 'Rhonda Marshall Fields is a Democratic politician from Colorado . She represents District 29 in the Colorado Senate . Previously , she served as member of the Colorado State House of Representatives representing House District 42 from Aurora , Colorado . She was the first African American woman elected in State House District 42 , as well as the first Speaker pro Tempore .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Majority Whip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Majority_Whip', 'summary': "A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature . This means ensuring that members of the party vote according to the party platform , rather than according to their own individual ideology or the will of their constituents . Whips are the party 's enforcers . They ensure that their fellow legislators attend voting sessions and vote according to official policy . The term is taken from the whipper-in during a hunt , who tries to prevent hounds from wandering away from a hunting pack . Additionally , the term whip may mean the voting instructions issued to legislators , or the status of a certain legislator in their party 's parliamentary grouping ."}]}, {'value': 'Kerry Donovan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerry_Donovan', 'summary': 'Kerry Donovan is a Colorado State Senator representing Senate District 5 . She currently represents Chaffee , Delta , Eagle , Gunnison , Hinsdale , Lake and Pitkin counties . Kerry Donovan is the Vice-Chair of the Senate Audit Committee , and sits on the Senate Agriculture , Natural Resources , and Energy Committee as well as the Senate Local Government Committee .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Majority Caucus Chair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caucus', 'summary': 'A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement . The term originated in the United States , but has spread to Australia , Canada , New Zealand , South Africa and Nepal . As the use of the term has expanded , the exact definition has come to vary between political cultures .'}]}, {'value': 'Faith Winter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faith_Winter', 'summary': 'Faith Winter ( born May 7 , 1980 ) is a legislator in the U.S. State of Colorado . In 2018 , she was elected to the Colorado State Senate , representing District 24 . Earlier , Winter served in the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat from 2014 to 2019 , representing Colorado House District 35 . She attended the University of the Redlands in Redlands , California , where she majored in Environmental Management and minored in Biology . Prior to becoming a Colorado Legislator , Winter had the experience of being the National Program Director for EnviroCitizen , National Field Director for The White House Project , Executive Director for Emerge Colorado , and Program Director for Colorado Conservation Voters .'}]}, {'value': 'Democratic', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minority Leader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minority_leader', 'summary': 'In U.S. politics , the minority leader is the floor leader of the second largest caucus in a legislative body . Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system , the minority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat . The position could be considered similar to that of the Leader of the Opposition in parliamentary systems . In bicameral legislatures , the counterpart to the minority leader in the lower house is the Speaker , and the majority leader is hence only the second-most senior member of the majority caucus . Contrastingly , in upper houses , the titular Speaker is frequently a separately elected officer such as a lieutenant governor or vice president . The minority leader is often assisted in his/her role by one or more whips , whose job is to enforce party discipline on votes deemed to be crucial by the party leadership and to ensure that members do not vote against the position of the party leaders . Some votes are deemed to be so crucial as to lead to punitive measures ( such as demotion from choice committee assignments ) for members who violate the party line ; decisions such as these are often made by the minority leader in conjunction with other senior party leaders . In a state where the executive branch and both houses of the state legislature are controlled by the other party , the minority leader of one of the houses ( most often the upper one ) may be seen as the most senior member of the party in that state with regard to state government ( although inferior in rank to a United States Senator or United States Representative , if there be such in that party from that state ) . At times , particularly during crucial legislation , the minority leader may be consulted by the opposite leader in order to more easily get things passed and ensure that provisions important to the interests the minority party be included . The level of partisanship in state legislative bodies varies greatly from one state to another .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Holbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Holbert', 'summary': "Chris Holbert ( born February 6 , 1961 ) is an American politician serving as Republican minority leader of the Colorado Senate . He represents the 30th District since January 6 , 2015 . Formerly he represented the 44th District in Colorado 's House of Representatives . He was elected in November 2016 by the Senate Republican Caucus to the position of Senate Majority Leader , the Second highest position in the Colorado Senate . Prior to seeking elected office , Chris career centered on trade association management with focus on executive leadership , marketing , communications , and government affairs . From 2000 to 2008 , Chris served as president and executive director of a statewide trade association where he represented over 6,000 business professionals throughout Colorado . Now in business for himself , Chris provides consulting services to for-profit businesses and non-profit organizations . Since 2009 , Chris has also devoted time to assist members of various grassroots organizations better understand the legislative process and structure of government . Chris teaches both clients and volunteers alike that knowledge , truth , and accountability are the means by which positive change can be most effectively achieved . In 1986 , Chris Holbert married his wife , Diane , and they are the parents of two boys , Victor and Carson ."}]}, {'value': 'Republican', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Assistant Minority Leader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minority_Leader', 'summary': 'In U.S. politics , the minority leader is the floor leader of the second largest caucus in a legislative body . Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system , the minority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat . The position could be considered similar to that of the Leader of the Opposition in parliamentary systems . In bicameral legislatures , the counterpart to the minority leader in the lower house is the Speaker , and the majority leader is hence only the second-most senior member of the majority caucus . Contrastingly , in upper houses , the titular Speaker is frequently a separately elected officer such as a lieutenant governor or vice president . The minority leader is often assisted in his/her role by one or more whips , whose job is to enforce party discipline on votes deemed to be crucial by the party leadership and to ensure that members do not vote against the position of the party leaders . Some votes are deemed to be so crucial as to lead to punitive measures ( such as demotion from choice committee assignments ) for members who violate the party line ; decisions such as these are often made by the minority leader in conjunction with other senior party leaders . In a state where the executive branch and both houses of the state legislature are controlled by the other party , the minority leader of one of the houses ( most often the upper one ) may be seen as the most senior member of the party in that state with regard to state government ( although inferior in rank to a United States Senator or United States Representative , if there be such in that party from that state ) . At times , particularly during crucial legislation , the minority leader may be consulted by the opposite leader in order to more easily get things passed and ensure that provisions important to the interests the minority party be included . The level of partisanship in state legislative bodies varies greatly from one state to another .'}]}, {'value': 'John Cooke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cooke_(Colorado_politician)', 'summary': 'John Cooke is a Republican Senator in the Colorado General Assembly . He represents State Senate District 13 which includes the following communities of Weld County : Greeley , Evans , Milliken , LaSalle , Gilcrest , Platteville , and Ft Lupton .'}]}, {'value': 'Republican', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minority Caucus Chair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caucus', 'summary': 'A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement . The term originated in the United States , but has spread to Australia , Canada , New Zealand , South Africa and Nepal . As the use of the term has expanded , the exact definition has come to vary between political cultures .'}]}, {'value': 'Vicki Marble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vicki_Marble', 'summary': "Vicki Marble is a Republican member of the State of Colorado 's General Assembly . She is currently the Minority Caucus Chair . First elected to the Colorado State Senate in 2012 to a four-year term , Marble represents District 23 , which runs North along the I-25 corridor . District 23 encompasses parts of Broomfield , Larimer , and Weld Counties . This includes Firestone , Johnstown , Mead , Broomfield , Erie , Longmont , Northglenn , and Windsor , CO ."}]}, {'value': 'Republican', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minority Whip', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ray Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ray_Scott_(Colorado_politician)', 'summary': 'Ray Scott ( born in Youngstown , Ohio ) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Colorado State Senate representing District 7 since January 7 , 2015 . Scott served consecutively from January 12 , 2011 until January 9 , 2013 in the Colorado House of Representatives District 54 seat , and from January 9 , 2013 to January 7 , 2015 in the Colorado House of Representatives District 55 seat .'}]}, {'value': 'Republican', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Leadership', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Colorado_Senate_0', 'intro': 'The Colorado Senate is the upper house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Colorado. It is composed of 35 members elected from single-member districts, with each district having a population of about 123,000 as of the 2000 census. Senators are elected to four-year terms, and are limited to two consecutive terms in office. The Colorado Senate convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.'}
null
null
When was the Democratic Caucus member voted into the Senate ?
2018
febd8db298e5eb9e
hybridqa
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Metro_Atlantic_Athletic_Conference_men's_soccer_season", 'title': "2013 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference men's soccer season", 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Canisius Golden Griffins', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canisius_Golden_Griffins_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Canisius College Golden Griffins are composed of 16 teams representing Canisius College in intercollegiate athletics . These teams include men 's and women 's basketball , cross country , track , lacrosse , soccer , and swimming and diving . Men 's sports include baseball , ice hockey , and golf . Women 's sports include volleyball , soccer , and softball . The Golden Griffins compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) for most sports , excluding men 's ice hockey which competes in Atlantic Hockey ."}]}, {'value': 'Buffalo , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York', 'summary': "Buffalo is the second largest city in the U.S. state of New York and the largest city in Western New York . As of 2018 [ update ] , the population was 256,304 . The city is the county seat of Erie County and a major gateway for commerce and travel across the Canada-United States border , forming part of the bi-national Buffalo Niagara Region . As of the April 1 , 2010 , the metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) had a population of 1,135,509 ; the combined statistical area ( CSA ) , which adds Cattaraugus County , had a population of 1,215,826 inhabitants . The Buffalo area was inhabited before the 17th century by the Native American Iroquois tribe and later by French colonizers . The city grew significantly in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of immigration , the construction of the Erie Canal and rail transportation , and its close proximity to Lake Erie . This growth provided an abundance of fresh water and an ample trade route to the Midwestern United States while grooming its economy for the grain , steel and automobile industries that dominated the city 's economy in the 20th century . Since the city 's economy relied heavily on manufacturing , deindustrialization in the latter half of the 20th century led to a steady decline in population . While some manufacturing activity remains , Buffalo 's economy has transitioned to service industries with a greater emphasis on healthcare , research and higher education , which emerged following the Great Recession . Buffalo is on the eastern shore of Lake Erie , at the head of the Niagara River , 16 miles ( 26 km ) south of Niagara Falls . Its early embrace of electric power led to the nickname The City of Light . The city is also famous for its urban planning and layout by Joseph Ellicott , an extensive system of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted , as well as significant architectural works ."}]}, {'value': 'Demske Sports Complex', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Demske_Sports_Complex', 'summary': "The Rev . James M. Demske Sports Complex is a baseball , soccer , lacrosse , and softball venue in Buffalo , New York , United States . It is home to the Canisius Golden Griffins baseball , men 's and women 's soccer , men 's and women 's lacrosse , and softball teams of the NCAA Division I Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) . Built in 1989 , the venue has a capacity of 1,200 spectators . The building is named for Rev . James Demske , who served as the President of Canisius College from 1966 until 1993 . It is located behind the Koessler Athletic Center on Canisius ' campus . To save space and money in the college 's urban setting , the 14-acre facility is home to six Canisius athletic programs . From 1989 to 2008 , the facility had an AstroTurf 12 surface . In 2008 , renovations installed 123,000 ft.² of A-Turf , which lessens the impact on athletes who play on the surface . Also in 2008 , new scoreboard and baseball dugouts were added . The facility also features stadium lighting and locker rooms ."}]}, {'value': '1,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairfield Stags', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fairfield_Stags_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Fairfield Stags men 's soccer team represents Fairfield University in Fairfield , Connecticut and competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) of NCAA Division I . The Stags play their home games at Lessing Field on the campus of Fairfield University . The team was ranked nationally in 1998 ( 24th ) , 2000 ( 15th ) , 2001 ( 12th ) , 2005 ( 24th ) , 2006 ( 15th ) 2007 ( 17th ) and 2011 ( 25th ) and competed in the NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Tournament in 1999 , 2006 , 2008 , and 2011 . The 2006 team advanced to the second round in the NCAA Tournament after defeating in-state rival University of Connecticut , 2-1 . The team also won the MAAC Championship Tournament in 1999 , 2006 , 2008 , 2011 , and 2017 . Individually , ten players have earned Regional All-American honors including Mark Longwell '82 who was the first Stag to go on to play for the United States men 's national soccer team and major professional soccer for the NASL Tampa Bay Rowdies . The Stags are currently coached by 1998 New England Coach of the Year Carl Rees ."}]}, {'value': 'Fairfield , Connecticut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut', 'summary': 'Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States . It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull , Easton , Weston , and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut . As of the 2010 census , the town had a population of 59,404 . In September 2014 , Money magazine ranked Fairfield the 44th best place to live in the United States and the best place to live in Connecticut .'}]}, {'value': 'Lessing Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lessing_Field', 'summary': "Lessing Field is a multi-purpose lacrosse and soccer stadium on the campus of Fairfield University in Fairfield , Connecticut . It is home to the Fairfield Stags men 's and women 's lacrosse and soccer teams . Previously named Varsity Field it was renovated in 2002 including the installation of high-durability sod , a new irrigation and drainage systems , new lights for night games and new stands with capacity for 600 fans . Lessing Field is named in honor of Stephen Lessing '76 , a former member of the Fairfield Stags men 's tennis team and current member of the Fairfield University Board of Trustees whose generosity allowed for the stadium renovations ."}]}, {'value': '600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iona Gaels', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Iona_Gaels_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Iona Gaels are the athletics teams of Iona College , in New Rochelle , New York . They compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) and participate in 21 NCAA Division I programs . Other members of the MAAC include Canisius College , Fairfield University , Manhattan College , Marist College , Monmouth University , Niagara University , Quinnipiac University , Rider University , Saint Peter 's University , and Siena College ."}]}, {'value': 'New Rochelle , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': 'Mazzella Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazzella_Field', 'summary': "Mazzella Field is a 2,400 seat soccer-specific stadium on the campus of Iona College in New Rochelle , New York . It is home to the Iona College Gaels soccer , rugby , and lacrosse teams , as well as the Women 's New York Magic of United Women 's Soccer . First opened in 1989 , it was originally used as a multi-purpose stadium that also hosted the school 's football team until the program was disbanded in 2008 . The field was the site of the 2008 Empire State Games men 's lacrosse championships . In June 2017 , Mazzella Field received a new FieldTurf surface striped for soccer and lacrosse ."}]}, {'value': '2,440', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manhattan Jaspers', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Manhattan_Jaspers_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Manhattan Jaspers soccer program represents Manhattan College in all NCAA Division I men 's college soccer competitions . Founded in 1967 , the Jaspers compete in the Ivy League . The Jaspers are coached by Jorden Scott , who has coached the program since 2012 . The Jaspers plays their home matches at Gaelic Park , near the Manhattan campus ."}]}, {'value': 'Riverdale , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riverdale,_Bronx', 'summary': "Riverdale is a residential neighborhood in the northwest portion of the Bronx , a borough in New York City . Riverdale , which has a population of 47,850 as of the 2000 United States Census , contains the northernmost point in New York City . Riverdale 's boundaries are disputed , but it is commonly agreed to be bordered by Yonkers to the north , Van Cortlandt Park and Broadway to the east , the Kingsbridge neighborhood to the southeast , the Harlem River or the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood to the south , and the Hudson River to the west . Riverdale Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Riverdale . The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community District 8 , and its ZIP Codes include 10463 and 10471 . The area is patrolled by the 50th Precinct of the New York City Police Department ."}]}, {'value': 'Gaelic Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaelic_Park', 'summary': "The Gaelic Park Sports Centre ( Irish : Páirc na nGael ) , often abbreviated Gaelic Park , is a multi-purpose outdoor athletics facility , located at West 240th Street and Broadway in Riverdale , Bronx , in New York City in the U.S. state of New York . Since 1926 the grounds has been used as the venue for Gaelic games in New York , and since its purchase by Manhattan College in 1991 it has hosted numerous American college athletic events . Located just west of Broadway and south and west of Van Cortlandt Park in the northernmost part of the Bronx just south of the city border with Westchester County , Gaelic Park was purchased in 1926 by the Gaelic Athletic Association of Greater New York . It has been given a few different names over time including Innisfail Park , but since the 1950s it has gone by its current name , Gaelic Park , a reflection of the park 's decidedly Irish flavor . The park includes a playing field and dance hall . In addition to hurling and football matches , a number of other sporting events take place at Gaelic Park . There are also concerts and dances that feature Irish music both old and new . Beginning with Summer '69 and continuing into the early 1970s , rock concerts were also held there , including the Association , Beach Boys , Gary Puckett and the Union Gap , Eagles , Pete Seeger , Rascals , Irish Rovers , Four Tops , Grateful Dead , Chicago , Edgar Winter , Johnny Winter , Jefferson Airplane , Black Oak Arkansas , Allman Brothers Band , Ten Years After , Yes , Emerson , Lake & Palmer , Mountain , Humble Pie and Deep Purple . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marist Red Foxes', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Marist_Red_Foxes_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Marist Red Foxes men 's soccer team represents Marist College ( Poughkeepsie , New York ) and competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) of NCAA Division I ."}]}, {'value': 'Poughkeepsie , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poughkeepsie_(town),_New_York', 'summary': 'Poughkeepsie ( /pəˈkɪpsi , poʊ-/ ) , officially the Town of Poughkeepsie , is a town in Dutchess County , New York , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 43,341 . The name is derived from the native term Uppuqui ( oo-POO-kee ) meaning lodge-covered , plus ipis meaning little water , plus ing meaning place , all of which translates to the reed-covered lodge by the little water place , or Uppuqui-ipis-ing . This later evolved into Apokeepsing , then into Poughkeepsing , and finally Poughkeepsie . The area includes a large IBM campus noted for its ongoing development and manufacturing of IBM mainframes .'}]}, {'value': 'Tenney Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tenney_Stadium', 'summary': 'Tenney Stadium at Leonidoff Field is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Poughkeepsie , New York . It is home to the Marist College Red Foxes football team . The field was named after Dr. Alex Leonidoff , a local physician and avid Marist Athletics supporter . The facility opened in 1968 . At the conclusion of the 2006 football season , the existing grandstand was removed to make way for a more modern , updated facility including modern press boxes , luxury suites , home and away locker rooms , an athletic training room as well as a new concession stand . Additionally , the grass natural turf surface was replaced with Field Turf synthetic surface .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monmouth Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Monmouth_Hawks_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Monmouth Hawks men 's soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Monmouth University in West Long Branch , New Jersey , United States . The team is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. Monmouth 's first men 's soccer team was fielded in 1982 . The team plays its home games at Hesse Field in West Long Branch , New Jersey . The Hawks are coached by Robert McCourt ."}]}, {'value': 'West Long Branch , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Long_Branch,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "West Long Branch is a borough in Monmouth County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 8,097 , reflecting a decline of 161 ( -1.9% ) from the 8,258 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 568 ( +7.4% ) from the 7,690 counted in the 1990 Census . It is the home of Monmouth University ."}]}, {'value': 'The Great Lawn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niagara Purple Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Niagara_Purple_Eagles_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Niagara Purple Eagles men 's soccer team is the men 's college soccer team that represent Niagara University ( Lewiston , New York , United States ) and competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) of NCAA Division I . The Purple Eagles play their home games at Niagara Field on the campus of Niagara University . The team colors are purple PMS 268 and white ."}]}, {'value': 'Lewiston , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York', 'summary': 'Lewiston is a town in Niagara County , New York United States . The population was 16,262 at the 2010 census . The town and its contained village are named after Morgan Lewis , a governor of New York . The Town of Lewiston is on the western border of the county . The Village of Lewiston is within the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Niagara Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quinnipiac Bobcats', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Quinnipiac_Bobcats_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Quinnipiac Bobcats men 's soccer program represents the Quinnipiac University in all NCAA Division I men 's college soccer competitions . Founded in 1962 , the Bobcats compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference . The Bobcats are coached by Eric Da Costa , who has coached the program since 2005 . The Bobcats plays their home matches at Quinnipiac Soccer Stadium , on the QU campus ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamden , Connecticut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamden,_Connecticut', 'summary': "Hamden is a town in New Haven County , Connecticut , United States . The town 's nickname is The Land of the Sleeping Giant . The population was 60,960 at the 2010 census . Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven . The town of Hamden ranked # 53 in the CNN Money list of America 's best small cities in 2012 . In 2008 , Fortune Magazine and CNN Money picked Hamden as # 33 on their Best Place to Live and Launch list , citing Hamden 's great blend of urban and suburban lifestyles . The article also pointed out Hamden 's exceptional education system as well as its New England Charm ."}]}, {'value': 'Quinnipiac Soccer Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rider Broncs', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rider_Broncs_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The Rider Broncs are the athletic teams of Rider University , a private nonsectarian university in Lawrenceville , New Jersey , United States . The school is a Division I member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) , and its athletes compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) . Rider is the only member that is not a Catholic institution . For wrestling only , Rider is an affiliate member of the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) . The intercollegiate sports program at Rider was started by coach Clair Bee in the 1920s . Two of the school 's most famous athletic alumni are former Notre Dame basketball coach and current ESPN sportscaster Digger Phelps , who played basketball at Rider from 1959 to 1963 and Jason Thompson who played basketball at Rider from 2004 to 2008 and was drafted by the Sacramento Kings with the 12th pick of the 2008 NBA Draft ."}]}, {'value': 'Lawrenceville , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawrenceville,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Lawrenceville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) located within Lawrence Township in Mercer County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the CDP 's population was 3,887 . Lawrenceville is located roughly halfway between Princeton and Trenton . Lawrenceville is also known as the village of Lawrenceville . Its core is the Main Street Historic District , which was listed in the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places in 1972 , one of the first registered historic districts in New Jersey ."}]}, {'value': 'Rider Campus Soccer Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Saint Peter 's Peacocks", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Saint_Peter's_Peacocks_soccer", 'summary': "The Saint Peter 's Peacocks are composed of the 16 teams representing Saint Peter 's University in intercollegiate athletics . The Peacocks compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Jersey City , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Jersey City is the second-most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey , after Newark . It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the county 's largest city . As of 2018 , the Census Bureau 's Population Estimates Program calculated that Jersey City 's population was 265,549 , with the largest population increase of any municipality in New Jersey since 2010 , an increase of about 9.4% from the 2010 United States Census , when the city 's population was at 247,597 , ranking the city the 78th-most-populous in the nation . Part of the New York metropolitan area , Jersey City is bounded on the east by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and on the west by the Hackensack River and Newark Bay . A port of entry , with 30.7 miles ( 49.4 km ) of waterfront and extensive rail infrastructure and connectivity , the city is an important transportation terminus and distribution and manufacturing center for the Port of New York and New Jersey . Jersey City shares significant mass transit connections with Manhattan . Redevelopment of the Jersey City waterfront has made the city one of the largest centers of banking and finance in the United States and has led to the district being nicknamed Wall Street West . After a peak population of 316,715 measured in the 1930 Census , the city 's population saw a half-century-long decline to a nadir of 223,532 in the 1980 Census . Since then , the city 's population has rebounded , with the 2010 population reflecting an increase of 7,542 ( +3.1% ) from the 240,055 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 11,518 ( +5.0% ) from the 228,537 counted in the 1990 Census ."}]}, {'value': 'Joseph J. Jaroschak Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Siena Saints', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Siena_Saints_men's_soccer", 'summary': 'The Siena Saints ( formerly the Siena Indians ) are composed of 18 teams representing Siena College in intercollegiate athletics . The Saints compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Loudonville , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loudonville,_New_York', 'summary': 'Loudonville is a hamlet in the town of Colonie , in Albany County , New York , United States . Loudonville was a census-designated place in the 1970 , 1980 , and 1990 US Census , but ceased to be in the 2000 Census , but became a CDP again in 2020 . The area is not precisely defined . In general , the area is known for the strict zoning regulations the town of Colonie has made that have prevented commercial development and tree-clearing .'}]}, {'value': 'Siena Turf Field', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Stadia and locations', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "2013_Metro_Atlantic_Athletic_Conference_men's_soccer_season_0", 'intro': "The 2013 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference men's soccer season will be the 21st season of men's varsity soccer in the conference. The defending regular season champions, the Loyola Greyhounds, left the MAAC for the Patriot League. The defending tournament champions are the Niagara Purple Eagles."}
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How many acres are in the place where the team in Buffalo place ?
14-acre
febe576c21a9d0d6
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_College_Baseball_All-America_Team', 'title': '1972 College Baseball All-America Team', 'header': ['Position', 'Name', 'School', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': 'Craig Swan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Swan', 'summary': "Craig Steven Swan ( born November 30 , 1950 ) is a former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball from 1973 to 1984 for the New York Mets and California Angels . Swan 's best season came in 1978 when he posted a 9-6 win-loss record and led the National League with an earned run average of 2.43 . This was significant as the Mets were in the National League East cellar that year . Swan featured a fastball between 90 and 95 miles per hour with good movement and an occasional slider ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils_baseball', 'summary': "The Arizona State Sun Devils baseball program at the Arizona State University ( ASU ) is part of the Pac-12 Conference . Since it became a member of the Pac-12 , it had the highest winning percentage , at .681 , of all schools that participate in Division I baseball within the conference . ASU 's NCAA leading 54 consecutive 30 win seasons was the longest streak in the nation . The Sun Devils ' only losing seasons occurred in 1963 , 2017 , & 2018 The Sun Devils had been nationally ranked during at least a part of every season of their 58-year history until 2017 . The Sun Devils have finished 27 times in the Top 10 , 22 times in the Top 5 , and 5 times as the No . 1 team in the nation . ASU is one of the most successful college baseball programs in the country . The Sun Devils have won five national championships , the fourth-most by any school , and are 1st in total number of alumni to ever play in Major League Baseball . Notable Sun Devil baseball alumni include Barry Bonds , Reggie Jackson , Sal Bando , Dustin Pedroia , Andre Ethier , Bob Horner , Paul Lo Duca , and Rick Monday ."}]}, {'value': '47 career wins ( T-5th in Division I )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Win–loss_record_(pitching)', 'summary': "In baseball and softball , a pitcher 's win-loss record ( also referred to simply as their record ) indicates the number of wins ( denoted W ) and losses ( denoted L ) they have been credited with . For example , a 20-10 win-loss record would represent 20 wins and 10 losses . In each game , one pitcher on the winning team is awarded a win ( the winning pitcher ) and one pitcher on the losing team is given a loss ( the losing pitcher ) in their respective statistics . These pitchers are collectively known as the pitchers of record . The designation of win or loss for a pitcher is known as a decision , and only one pitcher for each team receives a decision . A starting pitcher who does not receive credit for a win or loss is said to have no decision . In certain situations , another pitcher on the winning team who pitched in relief of the winning pitcher can be credited with a save , and holds can be awarded to relief pitchers on both sides , but these are never awarded to the same pitcher who is awarded the win . The decisions are awarded by the official scorer of the game in accordance with the league 's rules . The official scorer does not assign a winning or losing pitcher in some games which are forfeited , such as those that are tied at the time of forfeiture . If the game is tied ( a rare event ) , no pitcher is awarded any decision . A pitcher 's winning percentage is calculated by dividing the number of wins by the number of decisions ( wins plus losses ) , and it is commonly expressed with three decimal places ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': 'Dick Ruthven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Ruthven', 'summary': 'Richard David Ruthven ( born March 27 , 1951 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 14 years ( 1973-1986 ) in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , with the National League Philadelphia Phillies , Atlanta Braves , and Chicago Cubs . His career marks include a win-loss record of 123-127 , 4.14 earned run average , and 1145 career strikeouts . While his 1978 Phillies won the National League East title and the 1980 World Series , his Cubs went on to win the 1984 NL East title . He attended Irvington High School , Fremont , and California State University , Fresno . He has three children , Erik , Sean , and Tyler Ruthven . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Fresno State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_baseball', 'summary': 'The Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team represents Fresno State in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Fresno State athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Mountain West Conference . The Bulldogs play their home games on campus at Pete Beiden Field , and they are currently coached by Mike Batesole .'}]}, {'value': '2x NL All-Star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game', 'summary': "The Major League Baseball All-Star Game , also known as the Midsummer Classic , is an annual professional baseball game sanctioned by Major League Baseball ( MLB ) contested between the All-Stars from the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) , currently selected by fans for starting fielders , by managers for pitchers , and by managers and players for reserves . The game usually occurs on either the second or third Tuesday in July , and is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the MLB season ( though not the mathematical halfway-point which , for most seasons , is usually found within the previous calendar week ) . Both of the major leagues share an All-Star break , with no regular-season games scheduled on the day before or two days after the All-Star Game itself . Some additional events and festivities associated with the game take place each year close to and during this break in the regular season . No official MLB All-Star Game was held in 1945 including the official selection of players due to World War II travel restrictions . Two All-Star Games were held each season from 1959 to 1962 . The most recent All-Star Game was held on July 9 , 2019 , at Progressive Field , home of the American League 's Cleveland Indians . The 2020 and 2021 All-Star Games are scheduled to be held in Los Angeles and Atlanta , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Catcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catcher', 'summary': "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ."}]}, {'value': 'Ron Pruitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Pruitt', 'summary': 'Ronald Ralph Pruitt ( born October 21 , 1951 ) is a former professional baseball player . He played all or part of nine seasons in Major League Baseball for the Texas Rangers ( 1975 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 1976-80 and 1981 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 1980 ) and San Francisco Giants ( 1982-83 ) . Primarily an outfielder , he also played substantially at catcher . After attending Flint Central High School , Pruitt was drafted out of Michigan State University by the Rangers in 1972 . In 9 seasons he played in 341 games and had 795 at bats , 88 runs scored , 214 hits , 28 doubles , 4 triples , 12 home runs , 92 RBI , 8 stolen bases , 94 walks ( 7 intentional ) , a .269 batting average , a .345 on-base percentage , a .360 slugging percentage , 286 total bases , 7 sacrifice hits , and 7 sacrifice flies . On September 9th , 1982 , Ron had a late-season ninth inning walk-off single to overcome a 6-5 deficit to give the Giants a 7-6 win over the Astros in the midst of a division race .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_baseball', 'summary': "The Michigan State Spartans baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the Michigan State University in East Lansing , Michigan , United States . The team competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I and are members of the Big Ten Conference ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Doug Ault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Ault', 'summary': 'Douglas Reagan Ault ( March 9 , 1950 - December 22 , 2004 ) was an American professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter who played for the Texas Rangers ( 1976 ) and Toronto Blue Jays ( 1977-1978 , 1980 ) . He is best known for playing in the Blue Jays first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) game on April 7 , 1977 , against the Chicago White Sox . Ault hit the first two home runs in franchise history , helping Toronto win 9-5 .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders_baseball', 'summary': 'The Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball team represents Texas Tech University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team competes in the Big 12 Conference and plays at Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park . Their head coach is Tim Tadlock and he is in his 7th season with the Red Raiders .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_baseman', 'summary': 'In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Rick Gremillion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florida State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_Seminoles', 'summary': "The Florida State Seminoles are the athletic teams representing Florida State University located in Tallahassee , Florida . They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level ( Football Bowl Subdivision sub-level for football ) , primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) for all sports since the 1991-92 season ; within the Atlantic Division in any sports split into a divisional format since the 2005-06 season . The Seminoles ' athletic department fields 20 teams . They have collectively won 19 team national championships , and over 100 team conference championships , as well as numerous individual national and conference titles ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Third baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_baseman', 'summary': "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ."}]}, {'value': 'Dave Roberts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Roberts_(third_baseman)', 'summary': 'David Wayne Roberts ( born February 17 , 1951 ) , is a former professional baseball third baseman and catcher , who played all or part of ten seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the San Diego Padres , Texas Rangers , Houston Astros , and Philadelphia Phillies , between 1972 and 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon_Ducks_baseball', 'summary': 'The Oregon Ducks baseball team represents the University of Oregon in NCAA Division I college baseball in the Pac-12 Conference . The home games are played on campus at PK Park .'}]}, {'value': 'First overall pick in 1972 Major League Baseball Draft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Major_League_Baseball_Draft', 'summary': 'The following are the first round picks in the 1972 Major League Baseball draft .'}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': 'Alan Bannister ( 2 ) ♦', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Bannister', 'summary': 'Alan Bannister ( born September 3 , 1951 ) is a retired professional baseball player who played in the major leagues for the Philadelphia Phillies ( 1974-75 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 1976-80 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 1980-83 ) , Houston Astros ( 1984 ) and Texas Rangers ( 1984-85 ) . Originally a shortstop , he was a utility player during his major league career .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils_baseball', 'summary': "The Arizona State Sun Devils baseball program at the Arizona State University ( ASU ) is part of the Pac-12 Conference . Since it became a member of the Pac-12 , it had the highest winning percentage , at .681 , of all schools that participate in Division I baseball within the conference . ASU 's NCAA leading 54 consecutive 30 win seasons was the longest streak in the nation . The Sun Devils ' only losing seasons occurred in 1963 , 2017 , & 2018 The Sun Devils had been nationally ranked during at least a part of every season of their 58-year history until 2017 . The Sun Devils have finished 27 times in the Top 10 , 22 times in the Top 5 , and 5 times as the No . 1 team in the nation . ASU is one of the most successful college baseball programs in the country . The Sun Devils have won five national championships , the fourth-most by any school , and are 1st in total number of alumni to ever play in Major League Baseball . Notable Sun Devil baseball alumni include Barry Bonds , Reggie Jackson , Sal Bando , Dustin Pedroia , Andre Ethier , Bob Horner , Paul Lo Duca , and Rick Monday ."}]}, {'value': '13 triples in a single season ( 1971 ) ( T-4th in Division I )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Triple_(baseball)', 'summary': "In baseball , a triple is the act of a batter safely reaching third base after hitting the ball , with neither the benefit of a fielder 's misplay ( see error ) nor another runner being put out on a fielder 's choice . A triple is sometimes called a three-bagger or three-base hit . For statistical and scorekeeping purposes it is denoted by 3B . Triples have become somewhat rare in Major League Baseball . It often requires a ball hit to a distant part of the field , or the ball taking an unusual bounce in the outfield . It also usually requires that the batter hit the ball solidly , and be a speedy runner . It also often requires that the batter 's team have a good strategic reason for wanting the batter on third base , as a double will already put the batter in scoring position and there will often be little strategic advantage to taking the risk of trying to stretch a double into a triple . ( The inside-the-park home run is much rarer than a triple ) . The trend for modern ballparks is to have smaller outfields ( often increasing the number of home runs ) ; it has ensured that the career and season triples leaders mostly consist of those who played early in Major League Baseball history , generally in the dead-ball era . A walk-off triple ( one that ends a game ) occurs very infrequently . For example , the 2016 MLB season saw only three walk-off triples , excluding one play that was actually a triple plus an error ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Paul Husband', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississippi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ole_Miss_Rebels_baseball', 'summary': 'The Ole Miss Rebels baseball team represents the University of Mississippi in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They are currently coached by Mike Bianco .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'John Glenn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Wildcats_baseball', 'summary': "The Arizona Wildcats baseball team is the intercollegiate men 's baseball program representing the University of Arizona in Tucson , Arizona , United States . They compete in the Pac-12 Conference ( Pac-12 ) of NCAA Division I . The baseball team had its first season in 1904 . The baseball team has captured four national championship titles in 1976 , 1980 , 1986 and 2012 , with the first three coached by Jerry Kindall and the most recent by Andy Lopez . The team has appeared in the NCAA National Championship title series eight times ( 1956 , 1959 , 1963 , 1976 , 1980 , 1986 , 2012 , and 2016 ) . They have appeared in 34 baseball tournaments in their rich history . Arizona is ranked seventh in all-time regular season game wins with 2,347 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Fred Lynn ♦', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Lynn', 'summary': "Fredric Michael Lynn ( born February 3 , 1952 ) is an American former professional baseball player who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from 1974 through 1990 as a center fielder with the Boston Red Sox , California Angels , Baltimore Orioles , Detroit Tigers and San Diego Padres . He was the first player to win MLB 's Rookie of the Year Award and Most Valuable Player Award in the same year , which he accomplished in 1975 with the Red Sox . Lynn was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2002 and to the College Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'USC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USC_Trojans_baseball', 'summary': "The USC Trojans baseball program represents the University of Southern California in college baseball . Established in 1888 , the team is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Pac-12 Conference . USC home 's field is Dedeaux Field , which is named in honor of former head coach and National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Rod Dedeaux . The USC Trojans are one of the most successful programs in the history of college baseball . The Trojans have won more baseball national championships than any other program across all divisions of college baseball . With 12 national championships , USC is far and away the leader in that category ; no other Division I school has more than six . As of June 30 , 2018 , USC also ranked fifth in all-time College World Series ( CWS ) appearances with 21 , trailing only Texas ( 36 ) , Miami ( FL ) ( 25 ) , and Arizona State ( 22 ) , and Florida State ( 22 ) . The Trojans have won more individual CWS games ( 74 ) than any program but Texas ( 85 ) . USC also ranked fourth in all-time NCAA Tournament wins with 173 - trailing only Texas ( 240 ) , Miami ( 192 ) , and Florida State ( 192 ) - and eighth in total NCAA Tournament appearances with 37 . The Trojans have compiled an all-time record of 2,884-1,685-28 ( .630 ) - ranking fifth in all-time wins and 18th in all-time win percentage - and have captured outright or tied for 38 conference championships , as of the end of the 2018 season . USC 's most notable baseball coach was Rod Dedeaux , who coached from 1942 from 1986 and led the school to 11 of its NCAA championships , including five straight from 1970 to 1974 . The first Trojan national championship came in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': '1975 AL MVP , 9x MLB All-Star , 3x Gold Glove Award winner , 1982 ALCS MVP , 1975 AL Rookie of the Year', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Most_Valuable_Player', 'summary': "The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award ( MVP ) is an annual Major League Baseball ( MLB ) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League . Since 1931 , it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers ' Association of America ( BBWAA ) . The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award , which became the official name of the award in 1944 , in honor of the first MLB commissioner , Kenesaw Mountain Landis , who served from 1920 until his death on November 25 , 1944 . MVP voting takes place before the postseason , but the results are not announced until after the World Series . The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938 , reducing that number to two per league city in 1961 . The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what most valuable means , instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters . First basemen , with 34 winners , have won the most MVPs among infielders , followed by second basemen ( 16 ) , third basemen ( 15 ) , and shortstops ( 15 ) . Of the 25 pitchers who have won the award , 15 are right-handed while 10 are left-handed . Walter Johnson , Carl Hubbell , and Hal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times , Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945 . Hank Greenberg , Stan Musial , Alex Rodriguez , and Robin Yount have won at different positions , while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions . Barry Bonds has won the most often ( seven times ) and the most consecutively ( four : 2001-04 ) . Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times ; Ten players have won three times , and 19 have won twice ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game', 'summary': "The Major League Baseball All-Star Game , also known as the Midsummer Classic , is an annual professional baseball game sanctioned by Major League Baseball ( MLB ) contested between the All-Stars from the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) , currently selected by fans for starting fielders , by managers for pitchers , and by managers and players for reserves . The game usually occurs on either the second or third Tuesday in July , and is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the MLB season ( though not the mathematical halfway-point which , for most seasons , is usually found within the previous calendar week ) . Both of the major leagues share an All-Star break , with no regular-season games scheduled on the day before or two days after the All-Star Game itself . Some additional events and festivities associated with the game take place each year close to and during this break in the regular season . No official MLB All-Star Game was held in 1945 including the official selection of players due to World War II travel restrictions . Two All-Star Games were held each season from 1959 to 1962 . The most recent All-Star Game was held on July 9 , 2019 , at Progressive Field , home of the American League 's Cleveland Indians . The 2020 and 2021 All-Star Games are scheduled to be held in Los Angeles and Atlanta , respectively ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gold_Glove_Award', 'summary': 'The Rawlings Gold Glove Award , usually referred to as simply the Gold Glove , is the award given annually to the Major League Baseball ( MLB ) players judged to have exhibited superior individual fielding performances at each fielding position in both the National League ( NL ) and the American League ( AL ) . Winners are determined from voting by the managers and coaches in each league , who are not permitted to vote for their own players . Additionally , a sabermetric component provided by the Society for American Baseball Research ( SABR ) accounts for approximately 25 percent of the vote . In 1957 , the baseball glove manufacturer Rawlings created the Gold Glove Award to commemorate the best fielding performance at each position . Winners receive a glove made from gold lamé-tanned leather and affixed to a walnut base . In the inaugural year , one Gold Glove was awarded to the top fielder at each position in MLB ; since 1958 , separate awards have been given to the top fielders in each league . Thus , 18 Gold Gloves are normally awarded annually , one at each of the nine fielding positions for each league . [ a ] Since 2016 , a Gold Glove is also awarded each year to one fastpitch softball player in the National Pro Fastpitch league .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1982_ALCS', 'summary': "The 1982 American League Championship Series was played between the Milwaukee Brewers and the California Angels from October 5 to 10 , 1982 . Milwaukee won the series three games to two to advance to the franchise 's first World Series , where they would lose to the St. Louis Cardinals , four games to three . The 1982 ALCS was marked by a dramatic comeback by the Brewers , who lost the first two games of the series and were trailing late in the final game . This is also the first of only two Championship Series between Milwaukee and a Los Angeles team , the other being 2018 . The series was noteworthy as being the first to feature a matchup between two expansion teams ( i.e. , franchises not included among the sixteen operating in the major leagues for most of the first half of the twentieth century ) , for featuring two teams that had never before won a pennant , and for being the first time a team came from a 2-0 deficit to win the series . This was the first ALCS not to feature the Athletics , Orioles , or Yankees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Rookie_of_the_Year', 'summary': "In Major League Baseball , the Rookie of the Year Award is given annually to two outstanding rookie players , one each for the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) , as voted on by the Baseball Writers ' Association of America ( BBWAA ) . The award was established in 1940 by the Chicago chapter of the BBWAA , which selected an annual winner from 1940 through 1946 . The award became national in 1947 ; Jackie Robinson , the Brooklyn Dodgers ' second baseman , won the inaugural award . One award was presented for all of MLB in 1947 and 1948 ; since 1949 , the honor has been given to one player each in the NL and AL . Originally , the award was known as the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award , named after the Chicago White Sox owner of the 1930s . The award was renamed the Jackie Robinson Award in July 1987 , 40 years after Robinson broke the baseball color line . Of the 140 players named Rookie of the Year ( as of 2016 ) , 16 have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame - Robinson , five AL players , and ten others from the NL . The award has been shared twice : once by Butch Metzger and Pat Zachry of the NL in 1976 ; and once by John Castino and Alfredo Griffin of the AL in 1979 . Members of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers have won the most awards of any franchise ( with 18 ) , twice the total of the New York Yankees , and members of the Philadelphia and Oakland Athletics ( eight ) , who have produced the most in the AL . Fred Lynn and Ichiro Suzuki are the only two players who have been named Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player in the same year , and Fernando Valenzuela is the only player to have won Rookie of the Year and the Cy Young Award in the same year . Sam Jethroe is the oldest player to have won the award , at age 32 , 33 days older than 2000 winner Kazuhiro Sasaki ( also 32 ) . Yordan Álvarez of the Houston Astros and Pete Alonso of the New York Mets are the most recent winners ."}]}], 'section_title': 'All-Americans', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1972_College_Baseball_All-America_Team_0', 'intro': 'An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position - who in turn are given the honorific All-America and typically referred to as All-American athletes, or simply All-Americans. Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.'}
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What position , played by the former baseball player best known for playing in the Blue Jays first Major League Baseball game , is also called first sacker or cornerman ?
First baseman
febf0ed821e6255d
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_R&B_Album', 'title': 'Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album', 'header': ['Year', 'Performing artist ( s )', 'Work', 'Nominees'], 'data': [{'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/45th_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': "The 45th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 23 , 2003 at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Musicians accomplishments from the previous year were recognized . Norah Jones and her song Do n't Know Why were the main recipients of the night , garnering six Grammys , including four major awards : Record of the Year , Album of the Year , Song of the Year and Best New Artist , plus Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Pop Vocal Album . Songwriter Jesse Harris received the Song of the Year award for his work on Do n't Know Why . Simon and Garfunkel reunited to open the show performing The Sound of Silence ."}]}, {'value': 'Ashanti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashanti_(entertainer)', 'summary': "Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , and actress . She was first discovered as a teenager and later signed to Murder Inc. in 2002 . That year , she was featured on Fat Joe 's Whats Luv ? and Ja Rule 's Always on Time , both of which became two of the biggest hit songs of 2002 ; Ashanti became the first female artist to occupy the top two positions on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 chart simultaneously when Foolish and What 's Luv ? were at numbers one and two , respectively . In 2002 , Ashanti released her eponymous debut album , which sold over 505,000 copies throughout the U.S. in its first week of release . The album earned her many awards , including eight Billboard Music Awards , two American Music Awards , and a Grammy Award in 2003 for Best Contemporary R & B Album . The album has since been certified triple platinum in the United States and sold six million copies worldwide . The lead single for the album , Foolish , was a critical and commercial success ; it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . With Foolish , she became the second artist ( after The Beatles ) to have their first three chart entries in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 simultaneously . Ashanti wrote and sang for Jennifer Lopez 's Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) , which also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ashanti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashanti_(album)', 'summary': "Ashanti is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Ashanti . Released on April 2 , 2002 , via Murder Inc. and Island Def Jam , the album was recorded in New York City and Los Angeles between 2001 and 2002 , during the period of time where Ashanti was writing for other artists . Its music has the sound of R & B and hip hop soul . The album features guest vocals from Gotti , Ja Rule , and the late The Notorious B.I.G . Contributions to the album 's production came from a wide range of producers , including Irv Gotti , 7 Aurelius , Chink Santana , Jared Thomas and Reggie Wright . Ashanti debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 and the Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums chart with first-week sales of 503,000 units , the biggest first-week sales for a debut female artist up to then . The album was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for shipments of three million copies on December 17 , 2002 . It earned Ashanti three Grammy Award nominations for Best New Artist , Best Female R & B Vocal Performance and Best Contemporary R & B Album , winning in the latter category . Billboard magazine ranked Ashanti at number 100 on its Top 200 Albums of the Decade . The album has sold six million copies worldwide . The album was promoted by four singles . Foolish was released as the lead single from the project and peaked atop the record charts of 15 nations , including the US Billboard Hot 100 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brandy - Full Moon Faith Evans - Faithfully Floetry - Floetic Meshell Ndegeocello - Cookie : The Anthropological Mixtape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandy_Norwood', 'summary': "Brandy Rayana Norwood ( born February 11 , 1979 ) , known professionally by her mononym Brandy , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born into a musical family in McComb , Mississippi and raised in Carson , California , she began her career as a child and performed as a backing vocalist for teen groups . In 1993 , Norwood signed with Atlantic Records . The following year , she released her self-titled debut album , which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US , selling six million copies worldwide . Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom Moesha as the title character , which lasted six seasons and resulted in numerous other roles . She resumed her music career in 1998 with the wildly successful duet with fellow R & B contemporary Monica , The Boy Is Mine , which went on to become the best selling female duet of all time , and one of the longest running number one singles in history . Her second album , Never Say Never , sold 16 million copies worldwide , featured two number one singles , and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award . This launched her into international stardom , with films , endorsements , sold out concert tours , and her own line of Barbie dolls . Throughout the 2000s , Norwood held a precarious position in the pop industry . In 2002 , she starred in the reality series Brandy : Special Delivery , documenting the birth of her daughter . Her third and fourth albums , Full Moon ( 2002 ) and Afrodisiac ( 2004 ) , were released to critical and commercial success . She served as a judge on the first season of America 's Got Talent before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Full_Moon_(Brandy_Norwood_album)', 'summary': "Full Moon is the third studio album by American R & B recording artist Brandy . It was released by Atlantic Records on March 5 , 2002 . The album was recorded primarily during the summer and fall of 2001 at The Hit Factory in Miami , amid a three-year musical hiatus following the success of her multi-platinum previous studio album Never Say Never ( 1998 ) and the finale of her highly successful television sitcom Moesha in May 2001 . As with Never Say Never , Brandy collaborated with producer Rodney Jerkins and his Darkchild production and songwriting team on the majority of the album 's composition , while additional work from Mike City , Warryn Campbell , and Keith Crouch was contributed . Brandy credited Whitney Houston , Kim Burrell and Enya for inspiring her to push the limits of her voice and vocal arrangements . Jerkins credited Michael Jackson , Brandy 's voice , and his experiences at European nightclubs for influencing the sound of the album . Her prior relationship and then-private relationship with Darkchild in-house producer Big Bert inspired the lyrics and song concepts . Musically , Full Moon drew inspiration from UK garage , electro , dance , glitch , and funktronica , while blending soul and R & B elements into adult contemporary ballads . At the time of its release , the album received mixed reviews from music critics , but has since earned retrospective acclaim and recognition from musicians , singers , and producers , primarily for Brandy 's vocal work . The album became Brandy Norwood 's highest-charting album , as well as garnering two Grammy Award nominations including Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony . Full Moon debuted at number one on the US Billboard Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums chart , and at number two on the Billboard 200 , selling approximately 156,000 copies in its first week of release , and has been certified platinum by the RIAA . The album spawned three singles - What About Us ? , Full Moon and He Is ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Faith_Evans', 'summary': "Faith Renée Jordan ( née Evans ; born June 10 , 1973 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born in Lakeland , Florida , and raised in New Jersey , Evans relocated to Los Angeles in 1991 for a career in the music business . After working as a backing vocalist for Al B . Sure ! and Christopher Williams , she became the first female artist to contract with Sean Puff Daddy Combs ' Bad Boy Entertainment recording company in 1994 . On the label , she featured on records with several label mates such as 112 and Carl Thomas , and released three platinum-certified studio albums between 1995 and 2001 : Faith ( 1995 ) , Keep the Faith ( 1998 ) and Faithfully ( 2001 ) . In 2003 , she ended her relationship with the company to sign with Capitol Records . Her first album released on the label , The First Lady ( 2005 ) became her highest-charting album at the time , reaching the top of the US Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , while the holiday album A Faithful Christmas , released the same year , would become her last release before the company was bought in 2007 . Following a longer hiatus , Evans released her fifth album Something About Faith on the independent label Prolific and Entertainment One Music in 2010 . With a career spanning two decades , Evans has sold over 18 million records worldwide . Other than her recording career , Evans is most known as the widow of New York rapper Christopher The Notorious B.I.G . Wallace , whom she married on August 4 , 1994 , a few weeks after meeting at a Bad Boy photoshoot ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Faithfully_(Faith_Evans_album)', 'summary': "Faithfully is the third studio album by American singer Faith Evans , released by Bad Boy Records in the United States on November 6 , 2001 ( see 2001 in music ) . Featuring production by Sean Combs , The Neptunes , Cory Rooney , Michael Angelo Saulsberry , Mario Winans , it peaked at number 14 on the U.S . Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA . The album spawned five total singles including Ca n't Believe featuring Carl Thomas , You Gets No Love featuring P. Diddy & Loon , the Billboard Top 40 hit , I Love You , and Alone in This World , respectfully . This was the last album by Faith Evans to be recorded with Bad Boy Records before her split in 2003 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Floetry', 'summary': 'Floetry was an English R & B duo comprising Marsha Ambrosius ( the Songstress ) and Natalie Stewart ( the Floacist ) . The group recorded two studio albums , one live album , and sold over 1,500,000 records worldwide . Formed in 1997 , Floetry started on the performance poetry stage . They are two of the many artist responsible for developing the genre that is now known as Neo-Soul , while also popularizing the use of poetry and spoken word throughout music . They have worked with many musicians and artist including : Jill Scott , Queen Latifah , Michael Jackson , Common , The Roots , Bilal , and more founders of Neo-Soul .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Floetic', 'summary': 'Floetic is the debut album by the English R & B duo Floetry , released by DreamWorks Records in the United States on 1 October 2002 and on Polydor Records in the United Kingdom on 25 November 2002 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Meshell_Ndegeocello', 'summary': 'Michelle Lynn Johnson , better known as Meshell Ndegeocello ( /mɪˈʃɛl ndɛˈɡeɪoʊtʃɛloʊ/ ; born August 29 , 1968 ) , is an American singer-songwriter , rapper , and bassist . She has gone by the name Meshell Suhaila Bashir-Shakur which is used as a writing credit on some of her later work . Her music incorporates a wide variety of influences , including funk , soul , jazz , hip hop , reggae and rock . She has received significant critical acclaim throughout her career , and although she has never won a Grammy Award , she has been nominated ten times . She has been credited for helping to have sparked the neo-soul movement .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cookie:_The_Anthropological_Mixtape', 'summary': "Cookie : The Anthropological Mixtape is an album by Meshell Ndegeocello . It was released on June 4 , 2002 on Maverick Records . The album peaked at # 67 on the Billboard Top 200 list that year , and was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 2003 Grammy Awards . The album also peaked at # 21 on the Billboard R & B Album chart and # 67 on Billboard 's Top Internet Albums chart . Two singles were released from the LP . The remixed version of Pocketbook charted on Billboard 's R & B Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart , for several weeks , also appearing on the R & B Airplay and Sales charts . Earth was remixed by Ben Watt and peaked at # 14 on Billboard 's Dance Music/Maxi Single Sales chart . The album pays homage to the power of the word , written and spoken , Meshell Ndegeocello states in the liner notes of the album . It features short clips of spoken word performances by writers , poets and activists such as Angela Davis , Gil-Scott Heron and Etheridge Knight ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/46th_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 46th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 8 , 2004 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year . The big winners were Beyoncé , who won five awards , and Outkast , who won three awards including Album of the Year . Tied for the most nominations , with six each , were Knowles , Outkast , and Jay-Z .'}]}, {'value': 'Beyoncé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beyoncé', 'summary': "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( /biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say ; born September 4 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child . She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny 's Child , one of the best-selling girl groups of all time . During Destiny 's Child 's hiatus , Beyoncé made her theatrical film debut with a role in the US box-office number-one Austin Powers in Goldmember ( 2002 ) and recorded her first solo album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . It also featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Crazy in Love and Baby Boy . Following the disbandment of Destiny 's Child in 2006 , she released her second solo album , B'Day , which contained the US number-one single Irreplaceable , as well as the UK number-one singles Déjà Vu and Beautiful Liar . Beyoncé continued her acting career with starring roles in The Pink Panther ( 2006 ) , Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) , and Obsessed ( 2009 ) . Her marriage to rapper Jay-Z and her portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records ( 2008 ) influenced her third album , I Am . Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) , which earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010 . It spawned the UK number-one single If I Were a Boy and the US number-one single Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) . After splitting from her manager and father Mathew Knowles in 2010 , Beyoncé released 4 ( 2011 ) , which was influenced by 1970s funk , 1980s pop , and 1990s soul . Beyoncé received widespread critical acclaim for her albums , Beyoncé ( 2013 ) and Lemonade ( 2016 ) ; the latter became the world 's best-selling album of 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Dangerously in Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dangerously_in_Love', 'summary': "Dangerously in Love is the debut solo studio album by American singer Beyoncé . It was released on June 20 , 2003 through Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment . During the recording of Destiny 's Child 's third studio album Survivor ( 2001 ) , the group announced that they would produce solo albums to be released . Recording sessions for the album took place from March 2002 to March 2003 at several studios , during the hiatus of her then-group Destiny 's Child . As executive producer of the album , Beyoncé took a wider role in its production , co-writing a majority of the songs , choosing which ones to produce and sharing ideas on the mixing and mastering of tracks . The tracks in the album are a mixture of uptempo songs and ballads , which are basically R & B songs ; it also features elements of soul , hip hop and Arabic music . Although Beyoncé remained discreet about her interpretation of the songs , its underlying meanings were attributed by music writers as an allusion to her intimate relationship with then-boyfriend and well-known rapper Jay-Z . Dangerously in Love received positive reviews from music critics upon its release , with critics praising Knowles ' artistic leap . The album also received numerous accolades , earning Beyoncé five Grammy Awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards on February 8 , 2004 . Dangerously in Love reached international commercial success , earning multi-platinum certifications in Australia , the United Kingdom , and the United States . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 317,000 copies in its first week , earning Beyoncé the highest debut sales among Destiny 's Child members ' solo albums . Dangerously in Love has sold over 11 million copies worldwide and produced two US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles-Crazy in Love and Baby Boy , as well as two top five singles-Me , Myself and I and Naughty Girl ."}]}, {'value': "Ashanti - Chapter II Mary J. Blige - Love & Life Anthony Hamilton - Comin ' from Where I 'm From R. Kelly - Chocolate Factory", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashanti_(entertainer)', 'summary': "Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , and actress . She was first discovered as a teenager and later signed to Murder Inc. in 2002 . That year , she was featured on Fat Joe 's Whats Luv ? and Ja Rule 's Always on Time , both of which became two of the biggest hit songs of 2002 ; Ashanti became the first female artist to occupy the top two positions on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 chart simultaneously when Foolish and What 's Luv ? were at numbers one and two , respectively . In 2002 , Ashanti released her eponymous debut album , which sold over 505,000 copies throughout the U.S. in its first week of release . The album earned her many awards , including eight Billboard Music Awards , two American Music Awards , and a Grammy Award in 2003 for Best Contemporary R & B Album . The album has since been certified triple platinum in the United States and sold six million copies worldwide . The lead single for the album , Foolish , was a critical and commercial success ; it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . With Foolish , she became the second artist ( after The Beatles ) to have their first three chart entries in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 simultaneously . Ashanti wrote and sang for Jennifer Lopez 's Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) , which also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chapter_II_(Ashanti_album)', 'summary': "Chapter II is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Ashanti . It was released by Murder Inc. and Island Def Jam on July 1 , 2003 in the United States . Ashanti reteamed with Murder Inc. head Irv Gotti and producer Chink Santana to work on the album . Chapter II features a guest appearance by rapper Ja Rule , Chink Santana , and Gunnz . Critical reception towards the album was generally mixed , with critics commending the album 's autobiographical lyrics , and its fun yet light nature , while other critics felt Chapter II lacked creativity and personality and relied too heavily on the formula of her debut album ( 2002 ) . Upon its release , the album debut at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart with first-week sales of 326,000 units . It also reached the top ten in Canada , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Chapter II was eventually certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in August 2003 and gained gold status in Japan and the United Kingdom . At the 46th Annual Grammy Awards , it earned Ashanti three nominations for Best Contemporary R & B Album , Best Female R & B Vocal Performance , and Best R & B Song . Chapter II spawned three singles , including the Billboard Hot 100 number two song Rock wit U ( Awww Baby ) , the R & B ballad Rain on Me and Breakup 2 Makeup ( Remix ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mary_J._Blige', 'summary': "Mary Jane Blige ( /blaɪʒ/ ; born January 11 , 1971 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and philanthropist . Her career began in 1991 when she signed to Uptown Records . Furthermore , she went on to release 13 studio albums , eight of which have achieved multi-platinum worldwide sales . Blige has won nine Grammy Awards , four American Music Awards , twelve Billboard Music Awards and has also received three Golden Globe Award nominations , including one for her supporting role in the film Mudbound ( 2017 ) and another for its second original song Mighty River for Mudbound ; she also received a nomination for the Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song , becoming the first person nominated for acting and songwriting in the same year . In 1992 , Blige released her first album , What 's the 411 ? . Her 1994 album My Life is among Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and Time magazine 's All-Time 100 Albums . She received a Legends Award at the World Music Awards in 2006 , and the Voice of Music Award from ASCAP in 2007.Billboard ranked Blige as the most successful female R & B/Hip-Hop artist of the past 25 years . In 2017 , Billboard magazine named her 2006 song Be Without You as the most successful R & B/Hip-Hop song of all time , as it spent an unparalleled 15 weeks atop the Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and over 75 weeks on the chart . In 2011 , VH1 ranked Blige as the 80th greatest artist of all time . ln 2012 , VH1 ranked Blige at number 9 in The 100 Greatest Women in Music list ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Love_&_Life_(Mary_J._Blige_album)', 'summary': "Love & Life is the sixth studio album by American R & B recording artist Mary J. Blige . It was released by Geffen Records on August 26 , 2003 . The album marked Blige 's debut on the Geffen label , following the absorption of her former record company MCA Records . In addition , it saw her reuniting with Sean Diddy Combs , executive producer of her first two studio albums What 's the 411 ? ( 1992 ) and My Life ( 1994 ) , who wrote and executive produced most of Love & Life with his Bad Boy in-house production team The Hitmen , including Mario Winans , D-Dot , and Stevie J . Love & Life was released to positive reception from music critics , who applauded Blige 's vocal performances and her collaboration with Combs on most of the songs . Commercially , it became her second album to debut at the top of the US Billboard 200 chart with 285,298 copies album-equivalent units . Though less successful than its predecessor No More Drama ( 2001 ) , the album was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA . Internationally , it entered the top ten in Canada , Sweden , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Love & Life also received numerous accolades , earning Blige her first nomination for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 46th Grammy ceremony . In support of the album , five singles from the album were released . Lead single Love @ 1st Sight , a collaboration with rapper Method Man , and second single Ooh !"}, {'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Hamilton_(musician)', 'summary': "Anthony Cornelius Hamilton ( born January 28 , 1971 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and record producer who rose to fame with his platinum-selling second studio album Comin ' from Where I 'm From ( 2003 ) , which featured the title track single Comin ' from Where I 'm From and the follow-up Charlene . Nominated for 17 Grammy Awards , he is also known for the song Freedom from the soundtrack album of Django Unchained co-written and sung as a duo with indie soul singer Elayna Boynton ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Comin'_from_Where_I'm_From", 'summary': "Comin ' from Where I 'm From is the second studio album by American singer Anthony Hamilton . It was released on September 23 , 2003 , by So So Def Recordings and Arista Records . The album debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 33,000 copies , while peaking at number six on the Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums chart . Comin ' from Where I 'm From was certified platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on December 2 , 2004 , and as of December 2005 , it had sold 1.2 million copies in the United States . The album 's second single , Charlene , peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at number five on the Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs chart , becoming Hamilton 's most successful single to date . The album earned Hamilton three Grammy Award nominations in 2004 - Best Traditional R & B Vocal Performance , Best R & B Song ( both for the title track ) , and Best Contemporary R & B Album - and one in 2005 - Best Male R & B Vocal Performance for Charlene . British DJ Ben Pearce sampled vocals from the song Cornbread , Fish & Collard Greens for his 2013 song What I Might Do ."}, {'url': '/wiki/R._Kelly', 'summary': "Robert Sylvester Kelly ( born January 8 , 1967 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , record producer , actor , and former semi-professional basketball player . He has been credited with helping to redefine R & B and hip hop , earning nicknames such as the King of R & B , the King of Pop-Soul , and the Pied Piper of R & B . Kelly is known for songs including I Believe I Can Fly , Bump N ' Grind , Your Body 's Callin ' , Gotham City , Ignition ( Remix ) , If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time , The World 's Greatest , I 'm a Flirt ( Remix ) , and the hip-hopera Trapped in the Closet . In 1998 , Kelly won three Grammy Awards for I Believe I Can Fly . Although Kelly is primarily a singer and songwriter , he has written , produced , and remixed songs , singles , and albums for many artists . In 1996 , he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson 's song You Are Not Alone . Kelly has sold over 75 million records worldwide , making him the most successful R & B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world 's best-selling music artists . He is the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States , with over 32 million album sales . Kelly was named by Billboard as the Top R & B/Hip Hop Artist between 1985-2010 and the most successful R & B artist in history . Since the 1990s , Kelly has been the subject of numerous allegations of sexual abuse and misconduct , often with underage girls , all charges he denies . In 2002 , he was indicted on 13 counts of child pornography , but was acquitted of all charges in 2008 . In January 2019 , a widely viewed Lifetime docuseries titled Surviving R. Kelly detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women , allegations Kelly denies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chocolate_Factory', 'summary': 'Chocolate Factory is the fifth solo album by American recording artist R. Kelly , released on February 18 , 2003 by Jive Records . Recording sessions took place mainly at Rockland Studios and Chicago Recording Company in Chicago , Illinois , and the album was primarily written , arranged , and produced by R. Kelly . Chocolate Factory was conceived by Kelly amid controversy over his sex scandal at the time . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , selling over 532,000 copies in its first week of sales . It achieved success in international markets and produced three singles that attained chart success , including Snake and Step in the Name of Love , and the international hit Ignition ( Remix ) . Chocolate Factory was well-received by critics , receiving rave reviews from publications such as The New York Times and USA Today . The album has sold over 3 million copies worldwide , and received sales certifications in the United States and the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/47th_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 47th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 13 , 2005 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . They were hosted by Queen Latifah , and televised in the United States by CBS . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year . Ray Charles , whom the event was dedicated in memory of , posthumously won five Grammy Awards while his album , Genius Loves Company , won a total of eight . Kanye West received the most nominations with ten , winning three . Usher received eight nominations and won three including Best Contemporary R & B Album for his diamond selling album Confessions . Britney Spears received her first Grammy of Best Dance Recording for her 2004 smash hit Toxic .'}]}, {'value': 'Usher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Usher_(entertainer)', 'summary': "Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor and dancer . He was born in Dallas , Texas , but raised in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A & R from LaFace Records . He released his self-titled debut album , Usher ( 1994 ) but rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album My Way ( 1997 ) . It spawned his first U.S . Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , Nice & Slow , among top-two singles You Make Me Wan na . and My Way . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles U Remind Me and U Got It Bad , as well as top-three single U Do n't Have to Call . It sold eight million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R & B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 . Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles - Yeah ! , Burn , Confessions Part II and My Boo - it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) both debuted atop of the Billboard 200 chart and respectively produced the number-one singles Love in This Club and OMG ."}]}, {'value': 'Confessions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Confessions_(Usher_album)', 'summary': "Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on March 23 , 2004 , by Arista Records . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004 , with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri , along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon , among others . Primarily an R & B album , Confessions showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos , incorporating musical genres of dance-pop , hip hop and crunk . The album 's themes generated controversy about Usher 's personal relationships ; however , the album 's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri 's own personal story . In the United States , the album sold 1.1 million copies in its first week . To boost sales amid threats of bootlegging , the special edition for the album was issued , which includes the single , My Boo ; a duet with Alicia Keys . Confessions earned Usher several awards , including the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album . According to Billboard , it is the second-best selling album of the 2000s decade in the United States , behind Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP . With over eight million copies sold in 2004 , the album was viewed as a sign of recovering album sales in the US , following three years of decline . It was also exemplary of urban music 's commercial peak and dominance of the Billboard charts in 2004 . Confessions has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and , as of 2016 , has sold over 10.3 million copies in the US and over 15 million copies worldwide ."}]}, {'value': "Brandy - Afrodisiac Janet Jackson - Damita Jo Christina Milian - It 's About Time Mario Winans - Hurt No More", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandy_Norwood', 'summary': "Brandy Rayana Norwood ( born February 11 , 1979 ) , known professionally by her mononym Brandy , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born into a musical family in McComb , Mississippi and raised in Carson , California , she began her career as a child and performed as a backing vocalist for teen groups . In 1993 , Norwood signed with Atlantic Records . The following year , she released her self-titled debut album , which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US , selling six million copies worldwide . Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom Moesha as the title character , which lasted six seasons and resulted in numerous other roles . She resumed her music career in 1998 with the wildly successful duet with fellow R & B contemporary Monica , The Boy Is Mine , which went on to become the best selling female duet of all time , and one of the longest running number one singles in history . Her second album , Never Say Never , sold 16 million copies worldwide , featured two number one singles , and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award . This launched her into international stardom , with films , endorsements , sold out concert tours , and her own line of Barbie dolls . Throughout the 2000s , Norwood held a precarious position in the pop industry . In 2002 , she starred in the reality series Brandy : Special Delivery , documenting the birth of her daughter . Her third and fourth albums , Full Moon ( 2002 ) and Afrodisiac ( 2004 ) , were released to critical and commercial success . She served as a judge on the first season of America 's Got Talent before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Afrodisiac_(Brandy_album)', 'summary': "Afrodisiac is the fourth studio album by American singer Brandy , released on June 28 , 2004 by Atlantic Records . The album was recorded primarily in Los Angeles between spring 2003 and early 2004 , following several major changes in Brandy 's personal and professional life . After giving birth to her daughter and the demise of her relationship with the father , Brandy 's team was given an overhaul , including changes in production , management , and A & R . The album marked a departure from her previous work , with Brandy collaborating with producer Timbaland and songwriter Candice Nelson , on the majority of the album 's composition . With many of their new relationships being the result of broken ones , Brandy and Timbaland were inspired to experiment with a number of sounds and influences to create a unique , individualized sound that was distinct from other R & B music . The result was an organic , mellow contemporary R & B album that experimented with the New York-based illbient style , which infuses eccentric hip-hop breakbeats , ambient soundscapes , and the unorthodox sampling of indie rock and various film scores . Brandy also continued to experiment with her singing , opting to use more technical applications of counterpoint and multi-track recording toward her vocal arrangements . An autobiographical album , the songs feature intimate lyrics which discuss the singer 's personal struggles with codependency , monogamy , misplaced loyalty , and professional anxiety . Upon release , the critical response to Afrodisiac was highly positive , eventually garnering critical acclaim for its mature lyrics , Brandy 's vocalizing , and its overall experimental sound . The album has been called a predecessor to alternative R & B , having been cited as an influence by artists such as Rihanna and Solange . Afrodisiac was nominated for several awards including nominations at the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards and the 47th Annual Grammy Awards . The album debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 , eventually earning a gold certification by the RIAA ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Janet_Jackson', 'summary': "Janet Damita Jo Jackson ( born May 16 , 1966 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and dancer . A prominent figure in popular culture , she is known for sonically innovative , socially conscious and sexually provocative records , and elaborate stage shows . The ninth and youngest child of the Jackson family , she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s , including Good Times , Diff'rent Strokes , and Fame . After signing a recording contract with A & M Records in 1982 , she became a pop icon following the release of her third and fourth studio albums Control ( 1986 ) and Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues , funk , disco , rap and industrial beats , which led to crossover success in popular music . In 1991 , Jackson signed the first of two record-breaking multimillion-dollar contracts with Virgin Records , establishing her as one of the highest-paid artists in the industry . Her fifth album Janet ( 1993 ) saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her music . That same year , she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice , and has since continued to act in feature films . Jackson then released her sixth studio album The Velvet Rope ( 1997 ) , which is distinguished for its innovative production and dark lyrical content . By the end of the 1990s , she was named by Billboard magazine as the second most successful recording artist of the decade after Mariah Carey . Her seventh album All for You ( 2001 ) coincided with a celebration of her impact on the recording industry as the inaugural MTV Icon . After parting ways with Virgin Records , she released her tenth album Discipline ( 2008 ) , her first and only album with Island Records ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Damita_Jo_(album)', 'summary': "Damita Jo is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Janet Jackson . It was released on March 30 , 2004 , by Virgin Records . The album takes its title from Jackson 's middle name . Its music incorporates pop rock , electro , house , and hip hop styles , in addition to R & B . Its concept is based on Jackson 's alternate personalities ; exploring themes involving intimacy , monogamy , love , and dance . Its production is derived from producers including Dallas Austin , Cathy Dennis , Scott Storch , BAG & Arnthor , Arnthor Birgisson , Rich Harrison , Télépopmusik , Just Blaze , and Kanye West ; in addition to Jackson and Jam & Lewis . Recorded over eighteen months , it was the longest Jackson spent on a project . Jackson sought to find producers who identified with her emotions , intending hard-hitting dance music . Producers declared it a really sexy record which was bold , fun , and positive . Multiple personae portrayed include the obstinate Damita Jo and lascivious Strawberry . Jackson stated they were another way to express and expose a deeper part of me , comparing her writing process to that of a novelist ; inventing characters with independent personalities . Jackson claimed the aforementioned characters absolutely live inside of her , stating it feels wonderful to release them ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Christina_Milian', 'summary': "Christine Flores ( born September 26 , 1981 ) , better known as Christina Milian ( /ˌmɪliˈɑːn/ ) , is an American actress , singer and songwriter of Cuban origin . Born in Jersey City , New Jersey , and raised in Maryland , Milian signed a contract with Def Jam at the age of 19 . In 2001 , Milian released her self-titled debut album , which featured the singles AM to PM and When You Look at Me ; AM to PM charted within the Top 40 of the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart . In 2004 , Milian released her second studio album It 's About Time , which provided her first major U.S. hit , Dip It Low , which reached number five on the U.S . Billboard chart . Whatever U Want was released as the album 's second single . Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart . In 2006 , Milian released her third studio album So Amazin ' . The album produced one single , Say I , which peaked in the Top 30 of the US Billboard chart . A month after the release of So Amazin ' , Milian 's representative confirmed that she had left Island Records due to creative differences . Milian signed with Interscope Records in 2009 ."}, {'url': "/wiki/It's_About_Time_(Christina_Milian_album)", 'summary': "It 's About Time is the second studio album by American singer Christina Milian . The album was released by Island Records on June 15 , 2004 in Japan , and July 13 , 2004 in the United States . It 's About Time served as Milian 's debut in the US ; the September 11 attacks occurred two weeks prior to her debut album was scheduled to be released , and Milian opted to record a new album for the US market . For the production of the album , Milian worked with Bloodshy & Avant , Rodney Darkchild Jerkins , Cory Rooney , Warryn Campbell , Bryan-Michael Cox and Poli Paul . Milian received writing credit for seven songs on the album , often basing them on personal experiences . The style and sound of the album was compared to that of Beyoncé and Jennifer Lopez by several critics . The album peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard 200 album chart and number 21 in the United Kingdom , selling a total of 382,000 and 63,708 copies respectively . The album achieved Silver certification in the UK , and received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary R & B Album . The album 's lead single , Dip It Low , became Milian 's most successful to date ; peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart and number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart ; it eventually went gold . The second single Whatever U Want was less successful , peaking on the UK singles chart at number nine . The critical response to It 's About Time was mixed . The club tracks , most notably Dip It Low , were praised , however the ballads were said to be disappointing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Winans', 'summary': "Mario Winans is an American record producer , singer , songwriter , and multi-instrumentalist best known for his 2004 song I Do n't Wan na Know , which reached number 2 in the United States and number 1 in the United Kingdom . Winans also won a Grammy Award for Best Gospel Performance for co-writing CeCe Winans 's song Pray ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hurt_No_More', 'summary': 'Hurt No More is the second studio album by R & B singer and musician Mario Winans , released in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/48th_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 48th Annual Grammy Awards took place on February 8 , 2006 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . Irish rock band U2 were the main recipients with five awards including Album of the Year . Mariah Carey , John Legend , and Kanye West were each nominated for eight awards and won three ; Alison Krauss & Union Station also won three awards ; and Kelly Clarkson won two . Green Day were amongst the big winners , winning the Grammy Award for Record of the Year .'}]}, {'value': 'Mariah Carey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariah_Carey', 'summary': "Mariah Carey ( born March 27 , 1969 or 1970 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actress and entrepreneur . Referred to as the Songbird Supreme by the Guinness World Records , she is noted for her five-octave vocal range , melismatic singing style , signature use of the whistle register , and songwriting prowess . She rose to fame in 1990 after signing to Columbia Records and releasing her eponymous debut album , which topped the U.S . Billboard 200 for eleven consecutive weeks . Soon after , Carey became the only artist ever to have their first five singles reach number one on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 chart , from Vision of Love to Emotions . Carey achieved worldwide success with follow-up R & B and pop albums Music Box ( 1993 ) , Merry Christmas ( 1994 ) , and Daydream ( 1995 ) . These albums spawned some of Carey 's most successful singles , including Hero , Without You , All I Want for Christmas Is You , Fantasy , Always Be My Baby , as well as One Sweet Day , which later became Billboard 's Song Of The Decade ( 1990s ) . After separating from Mottola , Carey adopted a new image and incorporated more elements of hip hop into her music with the release of Butterfly ( 1997 ) . Billboard named her the country 's most successful artist of the 1990s , while the World Music Awards honored her as the world 's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s , and the best-selling female artist of the millennium . After eleven consecutive years charting a U.S. number-one single , Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $ 100 million recording contract with Virgin Records . However , following her highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown , as well as the critical and commercial failure of her film Glitter ( 2001 ) and its accompanying soundtrack , her contract was bought out for $ 50 million by Virgin and she signed with Island Records the next year ."}]}, {'value': 'The Emancipation of Mimi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Emancipation_of_Mimi', 'summary': "The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey , released through Island Records on April 12 , 2005 . The Emancipation of Mimi was considered Carey 's comeback album by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade . In composing the album , the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004 , including Jermaine Dupri , Snoop Dogg , Twista , Nelly , Pharrell Williams , and James Big Jim Wright , many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks . Carey opted to use her personal nickname 'Mimi ' in the title , revealing a more intimate side of the singer , as seen in the album 's declarative theme of emancipation from her personal and commercial setbacks . Although it has similar vocal production to her previous works and an inclination towards her signature ballads , the album encompasses dance-oriented and uptempo styles in keeping with its celebratory motif . Critics noted the theme of independence and lack of restraint , dubbing the album a party record . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career at the time , selling over 404,000 copies in its first week . It entered in the top five on the albums charts in Canada , Denmark , France and Japan . The Emancipation of Mimi was the best-selling album of 2005 in the US , and the second-best seller worldwide , with global sales of 10 million copies . It 's Like That became one of her highest-charting songs in years , reaching the top twenty in several countries . We Belong Together accumulated 14 weeks at number one in the US , and was later hailed song of the decade by Billboard . It reached number one in Australia , number two in New Zealand , and achieved top-five positions in several European countries ."}]}, {'value': "Amerie - Touch Destiny 's Child - Destiny Fulfilled Mario - Turning Point Omarion - O", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amerie', 'summary': "Amerie Mi Marie Rogers ( born January 12 , 1980 ) , is an American recording artist , actress and author . Born in Fitchburg , Massachusetts and raised in the Washington metropolitan area , Amerie gained an appreciation of the classical arts from her mother Mi Suk Rogers and of music from her father Charles Rogers , and she also studied dance from an early age and performed in talent contests . After her high school graduation , her family settled down in Virginia while she began to attend Georgetown University , from which she later graduated with a degree in English and Fine Arts . While living in Washington , D.C. , she met producer Rich Harrison , who worked with such performers as Mary J. Blige , and began developing demos with him . This led to a deal with Rise Entertainment and , in turn , major-label Columbia Records . In 2003 , she helped develop the BET original series The Center , which she also hosted and , during her run as host , accumulated the highest ratings ever for any show in its time slot . Amerie 's time on the series was short-lived due to her landing a starring role in the 2004 film First Daughter . In ( 2005 ) , Amerie released her sophomore album Touch , debuting at number # 5 on the US Billboard 200 chart and later receiving 2 Grammy nominations for Best Female R & B Vocal Performance for her signature song 1 Thing ( which peaked at number # 8 on Billboard Hot 100 ) as well as Best Contemporary R & B Album . In ( 2007 ) , Amerie released her third album Because I Love It , achieved moderate international success in 2007 , although it was not released in North America and she was subsequently bought out of her Sony contract by LA Reid Columbia Records ' roster . Amerie released her fourth studio album , In Love & War , in 2009 on Island Def Jam . On May 20 , 2016 , Amerie independently released an EP , titled Drive . She appeared on The Breakfast Club , 105.1 and announced she would continue to release music throughout the year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Touch_(Amerie_album)', 'summary': "Touch is the second studio album by American singer Amerie . It was released on April 26 , 2005 , by Richcraft Records , Sony Urban Music , and Columbia Records . Following the release of her debut album , All I Have ( 2002 ) , and her first acting role ( in the 2004 film First Daughter ) , Amerie began work on her second studio album . As with All I Have , the album was co-written and produced by mentor Rich Harrison , with contributions from additional productions . Unlike her debut , Amerie co-wrote every track but one , and assumed more creative control over the visual imagery accompanying the album , such as music videos and artwork . Touch is an R & B album with a diverse musical style , marking a transition from Amerie 's neo-soul debut . Its songs feature pulses , funky percussion , pumping energy , go-go beats with an organic core built around horns and electric pianos . Upon release , Touch received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised Amerie 's vocals and Harrison 's production . The album received numerous accolades , including two Grammy Award nominations at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards including Best Contemporary R & B Album . Commercially , the album debuted at number five on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 124,000 copies and was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , having sold over 500,000 copies in the United States . The album also fared well elsewhere peaking within the top 40 of the UK Albums Chart . The album spawned three singles , including the lead single 1 Thing which became Amerie 's most commercially successful song to date , peaking at number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100 ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Destiny's_Child", 'summary': "Destiny 's Child was an American girl group whose final and best-known line-up comprised Beyoncé Knowles , Kelly Rowland , and Michelle Williams . The group began their musical career as Girl 's Tyme , formed in 1990 in Houston , Texas . After years of limited success , the quartet comprising Knowles , Rowland , LaTavia Roberson , and LeToya Luckett were signed in 1997 to Columbia Records as Destiny 's Child . The group was launched into mainstream recognition following the release of their best-selling second album , The Writing 's on the Wall ( 1999 ) , which contained the number-one singles Bills , Bills , Bills and Say My Name . Despite critical and commercial success , the group was plagued by internal conflict and legal turmoil , as Roberson and Luckett attempted to split from the group 's manager Mathew Knowles , citing favoritism of Knowles and Rowland . In early 2000 , both Roberson and Luckett were replaced with Williams and Farrah Franklin ; however , Franklin quit after five months , leaving the group as a trio . Their third album , Survivor ( 2001 ) , whose themes the public interpreted as a channel to the group 's experience , produced the worldwide hits Independent Women , Survivor and Bootylicious . In 2002 , they announced a hiatus to pursue solo careers . The trio reunited two years later for the release of their fourth and final studio album , Destiny Fulfilled ( 2004 ) , which spawned the international hits Lose My Breath and Soldier . Since the group 's official disbandment in 2006 , Knowles , Rowland , and Williams have reunited a couple of times , including at the 2013 Super Bowl halftime show and 2018 Coachella festival . Destiny 's Child has sold more than sixty million records worldwide to date . Billboard magazine ranks the group as one of the greatest musical trios of all time , the ninth most successful artist/band of the 2000s , placed the group 68th in its All-Time Hot 100 Artists list in 2008 and in December 2016 , the magazine ranked them as the 90th most successful dance club artist of all-time ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Destiny_Fulfilled', 'summary': "Destiny Fulfilled is the fifth and final studio album by American R & B trio Destiny 's Child . It was released on November 16 , 2004 , by Columbia Records and Sony Urban Music . A comeback release , it marked the return of Destiny 's Child after the group went into hiatus , which allowed each member to release solo albums . Unlike their previous material , this record saw each member equally contributing to the songwriting and production . Destiny 's Child further worked with frequent collaborators such as Rockwilder , Swizz Beatz and Rodney Jerkins as well as several new producers . For the album 's theme , the members drew inspiration from the conversations they had during the first week of recording when they discussed about the happenings in their lives while being apart . Composed mostly of mid-tempo songs and ballads that are subsequent continuations of each other , altogether telling one complete story , Destiny Fulfilled is an R & B album . It was released to generally mixed reviews among music critics who criticized its mid-tempo ballads and lyrical content . The album was commercially successful ; it reached number two on the US Billboard 200 , and has since been certified triple Platinum in that region . It was also successful in different countries worldwide receiving certifications in Australia , Canada , Germany and the United Kingdom among others . As part of the album 's promotion , the group performed songs from it on numerous award ceremonies and televised appearances in the US and Europe . They further embarked on the tour Destiny Fulfilled ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_(entertainer)', 'summary': 'Mario Dewar Barrett ( born August 27 , 1986 ) , known mononymously as Mario , is an American entertainer , singer , songwriter , actor , and model . He is known for his singles Just a Friend ( 2002 ) and Let Me Love You ( 2004 ) , which won him two Billboard Music Awards . He has released four studio albums : Mario ( 2002 ) , Turning Point ( 2004 ) , Go ( 2007 ) , and DNA ( 2009 ) . At the end of the 2000s decade , Mario was ranked No . 98 by Billboard on their Artist of the Decade list . After a long period of nine years , Dancing Shadows was issued as his fifth album on October 5 , 2018 . Aside from his career in music , he appeared in several television shows and films such as Step Up ( 2006 ) , Freedom Writers ( 2007 ) and Empire ( 2018 ) . In 2019 , Mario starred in the live television production of the musical Rent .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Turning_Point_(Mario_album)', 'summary': "Turning Point is the second studio album by American recording artist Mario , released by J Records on December 7 , 2004 in the United States . A R & B record with heavy elements of soul and hip hop music , it involves a diverse roster of collaborators including Scott Storch , Lil Jon , The Underdogs , Carvin & Ivan , and Sean Garrett . The album guests include Cassidy , Juvenile , and Baby Cham . The first single from the album was Let Me Love You , which was written by Ne-Yo was a number one hit in the United States and number two in the United Kingdom , becoming Mario 's biggest hit to date . The second single was a split single . In the US , How Could You , a song written by Bay Area singer-songwriter J. Valentine , was released ( reaching number 52 ) but in the UK , Here I Go Again was released ( reaching number 11 ) . The fourth and final single from the album in the US was Boom , featuring Juvenile . In support of the album , Mario supported R & B trio Destiny 's Child in their tour , Destiny Fulfilled . And Lovin ' It , as an opening act for the American leg ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Omarion', 'summary': 'Omari Ishmael Grandberry ( born November 12 , 1984 ) , known by his stage name Omarion , is an American rapper , singer , composer , actor and dancer . He is best known as the lead singer of the American R & B boy band B2K . The group achieved success in the early 2000s with singles like Bump , Bump , Bump , Uh Huh , and Girlfriend , which all reached success on the Billboard Hot 100 . After the group disbanded in 2004 , Omarion embarked on a solo career and released his debut album , O in 2005 , which debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart , and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 48th Grammy Awards . His second solo album , 21 ( 2006 ) , contained Ice Box , which reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 . His third solo album , Ollusion ( 2010 ) , was released on January 12 , 2010 , with the lead single , I Get It In . His fourth solo album , Sex Playlist ( 2014 ) , spawned the single , Post to Be , which was certified 3x platinum and reached number 13 on the Hot 100 chart in May 2015 . Omarion has also ventured into acting , with appearances in films such as You Got Served , Fat Albert , Somebody Help Me and The Proud Family Movie .'}, {'url': '/wiki/O_(Omarion_album)', 'summary': "O is the debut studio album by American R & B singer Omarion , released on February 22 , 2005 via Epic Records and Sony Urban Music . Despite featuring explicit language , the album does n't have a Parental Advisory label on the cover . It features three singles : the title track ( number 27 ) , Touch ( number 94 ) and I 'm Tryna . The album entered at number one , and has sold 758,000 copies in the United States as of November 2008 . O went on to be certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 48th Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/49th_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': "The 49th Annual Grammy Awards was a ceremony honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning September 15 , 2005 and ending September 14 , 2006 in the United States . The awards were handed out on Sunday , February 11 , 2007 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . The Dixie Chicks were the night 's biggest winners winning a total of five awards . Mary J. Blige received the most nominations , with eight . Don Henley was honored as MusiCares Person of the Year two nights prior to the show on February 9 , 2007 . The show won an Emmy for Outstanding Lighting Direction ( electronic , multicamera ) for VMC Programming ."}]}, {'value': 'Beyoncé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beyoncé', 'summary': "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( /biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say ; born September 4 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child . She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny 's Child , one of the best-selling girl groups of all time . During Destiny 's Child 's hiatus , Beyoncé made her theatrical film debut with a role in the US box-office number-one Austin Powers in Goldmember ( 2002 ) and recorded her first solo album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . It also featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Crazy in Love and Baby Boy . Following the disbandment of Destiny 's Child in 2006 , she released her second solo album , B'Day , which contained the US number-one single Irreplaceable , as well as the UK number-one singles Déjà Vu and Beautiful Liar . Beyoncé continued her acting career with starring roles in The Pink Panther ( 2006 ) , Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) , and Obsessed ( 2009 ) . Her marriage to rapper Jay-Z and her portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records ( 2008 ) influenced her third album , I Am . Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) , which earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010 . It spawned the UK number-one single If I Were a Boy and the US number-one single Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) . After splitting from her manager and father Mathew Knowles in 2010 , Beyoncé released 4 ( 2011 ) , which was influenced by 1970s funk , 1980s pop , and 1990s soul . Beyoncé received widespread critical acclaim for her albums , Beyoncé ( 2013 ) and Lemonade ( 2016 ) ; the latter became the world 's best-selling album of 2016 ."}]}, {'value': "B'Day", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/B'Day_(Beyoncé_album)", 'summary': "B'Day is the second solo studio album by American singer Beyoncé . It was released to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday on September 4 , 2006 in various countries and a day later in the United States by Columbia Records , Music World Entertainment , and Sony Urban Music . The album was originally planned as a follow-up to Beyoncé 's 2003 solo debut Dangerously in Love to be released in 2004 ; however , it was delayed to accommodate the recording of Destiny 's Child 's final album Destiny Fulfilled ( 2004 ) and the singer 's starring role in the 2006 film Dreamgirls . While on vacation after filming , Beyoncé began contacting various producers and rented Sony Music Studios , completing B'Day in two weeks . Most of the lyrical content of the album was inspired by Beyoncé 's role in the film , with its musical style ranging from 1970s-1980s funk influences and balladry to urban contemporary elements such as hip hop and R & B . Live instrumentation was employed in recording most of the tracks as part of Beyoncé 's vision of creating a record using live instruments . Upon its release , B'Day received generally favorable reviews from critics and earned several accolades , including the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards in 2007 . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , selling over 541,000 copies in its first week of sales and scoring the second-highest debut-week sales for Beyoncé . It was also successful in international music markets and yielded six singles , including three commercial hits : Déjà Vu , Irreplaceable , and Beautiful Liar . The B'Day Anthology Video Album , which features thirteen music videos to accompany the songs , was released alongside the deluxe edition of B'Day . Beyoncé then embarked on her second solo concert tour , titled The Beyoncé Experience , in 2007 ; a live album titled The Beyoncé Experience Live was released featuring footage from the tour . B'Day has since been certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold eight million copies worldwide as of 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Brown - Chris Brown Janet Jackson - 20 Y.O . Kelis - Kelis Was Here Ne-Yo - In My Own Words', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Brown_(American_singer)', 'summary': "Christopher Maurice Brown ( born May 5 , 1989 ) is an American singer , songwriter , rapper , dancer , actor , and record producer . Born in Tappahannock , Virginia , he was involved in his church choir and several local talent shows from a young age . Having signed with Jive Records in 2004 , Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year , which became certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . With his first single Run It ! peaking atop the Billboard Hot 100 , Brown became the first male artist since 1997 to have his debut single top the chart . His second album Exclusive ( 2007 ) spawned his second Billboard Hot 100 number one Kiss Kiss . In addition to his solo commercial success , Brown has been featured on several successful singles such as No Air , a duet with singer Jordin Sparks , Shortie Like Mine with the rapper Bow Wow and Shawty Get Loose alongside Lil Mama and T-Pain . In 2009 , Brown received significant media attention after pleading guilty to felony assault of his then girlfriend , singer Rihanna . Following the release of his third album Graffiti in the same year of the incident , Brown 's fourth album F.A.M.E . ( 2011 ) became his first to top the Billboard 200 and earned him the Grammy Award for Best R & B Album . His fifth album Fortune , released in 2012 , also topped the Billboard 200 . Following the releases of X , Royalty and Heartbreak on a Full Moon , Brown 's ninth studio album Indigo ( 2019 ) became his third Billboard 200 number-one album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Brown_(album)', 'summary': 'Chris Brown is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer Chris Brown . It was released on November 29 , 2005 , by Jive Records . Receiving generally positive reviews from critics , the album was a commercial success . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart . It has been certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold over three million copies worldwide . The album also earned Brown his first two Grammy nominations for Best New Artist and Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 49th Grammy Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Janet_Jackson', 'summary': "Janet Damita Jo Jackson ( born May 16 , 1966 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and dancer . A prominent figure in popular culture , she is known for sonically innovative , socially conscious and sexually provocative records , and elaborate stage shows . The ninth and youngest child of the Jackson family , she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s , including Good Times , Diff'rent Strokes , and Fame . After signing a recording contract with A & M Records in 1982 , she became a pop icon following the release of her third and fourth studio albums Control ( 1986 ) and Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues , funk , disco , rap and industrial beats , which led to crossover success in popular music . In 1991 , Jackson signed the first of two record-breaking multimillion-dollar contracts with Virgin Records , establishing her as one of the highest-paid artists in the industry . Her fifth album Janet ( 1993 ) saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her music . That same year , she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice , and has since continued to act in feature films . Jackson then released her sixth studio album The Velvet Rope ( 1997 ) , which is distinguished for its innovative production and dark lyrical content . By the end of the 1990s , she was named by Billboard magazine as the second most successful recording artist of the decade after Mariah Carey . Her seventh album All for You ( 2001 ) coincided with a celebration of her impact on the recording industry as the inaugural MTV Icon . After parting ways with Virgin Records , she released her tenth album Discipline ( 2008 ) , her first and only album with Island Records ."}, {'url': '/wiki/20_Y.O.', 'summary': "20 Y.O . is the ninth studio album by American singer Janet Jackson . Released on September 20 , 2006 , by Virgin Records , the title makes reference to her third studio album Control which was released in 1986 , a commemoration to its twentieth anniversary . 20 Y.O . represents the celebration of the joyful liberation and history-making musical style of Control . An R & B and dance album , Jackson enlisted a range of producers to work on material with , including LRoc , Manuel Seal , The Avila Brothers and No I.D. , in addition to her longtime partners Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and then-boyfriend Jermaine Dupri . 20 Y.O . received mixed reviews from music critics , with many of them chastising the production and involvement of Dupri . The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , making it Jackson 's eighth consecutive top three debut and second consecutive number two album debut . The Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certified it platinum , becoming Jackson 's eighth consecutive platinum album . Internationally , the album failed to make an impact on charts , reaching the top sixty in Australia and number 43 on European charts . Worldwide , the album has sold 1.5 million copies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelis', 'summary': "Kelis Rogers ( /kəˈliːs/ ; born August 21 , 1979 ) is an American singer , songwriter and chef . When she was 14 , Kelis was admitted to New York 's Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts , where she learned to play the saxophone and won a spot in the Girls Choir of Harlem . After she graduated from high school in 1997 , Kelis took on a variety of jobs before landing a backup vocal slot on a single called Fairytalez released by the American hip hop group Gravediggaz . She then began working with music producers Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo , known as The Neptunes , which ultimately resulted in her being signed to Virgin Records in 1998 . Kelis released her debut studio album Kaleidoscope with Virgin Records on December 7 , 1999 . Inspired by jazz and disco music from the 1970s , the album was a critical and international success . It spawned three singles : Caught Out There , Good Stuff , and Get Along With You . The album reached number 43 in the United Kingdom while also becoming her first album to be certified gold . She left her label Virgin Records after its follow-up , Wanderland ( 2001 ) , received little sales attention and no U.S. release until 2019 . In 2003 , Kelis released her third studio album Tasty . The album produced the singles Milkshake , Trick Me , Millionaire and In Public . The album earned the singer commercial prominence ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelis_Was_Here', 'summary': "Kelis Was Here is the fourth studio album by American singer Kelis . It was released August 22 , 2006 , by Jive Records . Originally titled The Puppeteer , the album features production by Bangladesh , Raphael Saadiq , Max Martin , Sean Garrett , and Scott Storch , among others , and also features collaborations with will.i.am , Nas , Cee-Lo , Too Short , and Spragga Benz . It is Kelis ' first album not to feature longtime collaborators The Neptunes . Kelis Was Here received a nomination for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 2007 Grammy Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ne-Yo', 'summary': "Shaffer Chimere Smith ( born October 18 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Ne-Yo , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and dancer . He gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit Let Me Love You for singer Mario . The single 's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam 's label head and the signing of a recording contract . Ne-Yo 's debut solo single , Stay , was released in 2005 to moderate success . His debut studio album , In My Own Words ( 2006 ) , was critically and commercially successful , reaching number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States . It is certified platinum in the United States , United Kingdom , Japan and Australia and saw the success of the single So Sick , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States . Because of You ( 2007 ) , Ne-Yo 's second studio album , was the second number one platinum-selling album debuted on the Billboard 200 and Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . His third studio album , Year of the Gentleman ( 2008 ) , saw continued success and further Grammy Award nominations for Best Contemporary R & B Album as well as Album of the Year . Its singles Closer and Miss Independent were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance , Best Male R & B Vocal Performance and Best R & B Song . Year of the Gentleman has been certified platinum twice in the US , selling two million copies , also platinum three times in the UK and once in Japan . Libra Scale ( 2010 ) , Ne-Yo 's fourth studio album , reached number one in the UK R & B Singles and Albums Charts and number nine on the US Billboard 200 , seeing a decline in overall sales . His fifth studio album , R.E.D ."}, {'url': '/wiki/In_My_Own_Words', 'summary': "In My Own Words is the debut album of American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo . It was released by Def Jam Recordings on February 28 , 2006 . Conceived following his songwriting breakthrough with Let Me Love You for fellow R & B singer Mario in 2004 , Ne-Yo worked with musicians Ron Neff-U Feemster , Brandon Howard , Shea Taylor , and Curtis Sauce Wilson , as well as Norwegian production duo Stargate on most of the album , some of which would become regular contributors on subsequent projects . The singer co-wrote the lyrics for each song on In My Own Words which features guest appearances by rappers Peedi Peedi and Ghostface Killah . Upon its release , the album received generally positive reviews from most music critics and earned a Grammy Award nomination in the Best Contemporary R & B Album category . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with 301,000 copies sold , and reached the top ten of the Canadian Albums Chart . It was subsequently certified platinum by Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with 1,5 million copies sold in the United States , and became a platinum-seller in Australia , Japan , and the United Kingdom as well . Four singles were released from the album , including Stay , When You 're Mad , Sexy Love , and the number-one hit So Sick . In further support , Ne-Yo went on tour in August 2006 with singer Chris Brown and Dem Franchize Boyz ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/50th_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': "The 50th Annual Grammy Awards took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , on February 10 , 2008 . It honored musical achievement of 2007 in which albums were released between October 1 , 2006 through September 30 , 2007 . The primary ceremonies were televised in the US on CBS ; however , as has become the custom , most of the awards were handed out during a pre-telecast portion of the show held at the Los Angeles Convention Center and broadcast on XM Satellite Radio . Two nights prior to the show Aretha Franklin was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year . The year 's big winner was Amy Winehouse : the 24-year-old singer had recently entered a drug rehabilitation program and did not come to Los Angeles . American officials initially refused her a work visa ; they reversed the decision , but by then it was too late for her to make the trip from the UK . She became the fifth female solo artist to get five awards in one night , alongside Lauryn Hill , Norah Jones , Alicia Keys and Beyoncé . The golden anniversary of the Grammys and NARAS was noted in references and performances throughout this year 's ceremony . Alicia Keys was the evening 's opening musician , singing and playing piano alongside archived video and audio of Frank Sinatra . Other collaborative performances linking contemporary and past musicians included Beyoncé with Tina Turner , Rihanna with The Time , classical pianist Lang Lang with jazz pianist Herbie Hancock and inaugural Grammy winner Keely Smith with Kid Rock . Special recognition of the musical contributions of The Beatles also featured . The Foo Fighters won Best Rock Album , and performed their nominated song The Pretender in a highly collaborative performance that involved a social media selection of classical musicians ( the My Grammy Moment YouTube contest was won by violinist Ann Marie Calhoun ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Ne-Yo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ne-Yo', 'summary': "Shaffer Chimere Smith ( born October 18 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Ne-Yo , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and dancer . He gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit Let Me Love You for singer Mario . The single 's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam 's label head and the signing of a recording contract . Ne-Yo 's debut solo single , Stay , was released in 2005 to moderate success . His debut studio album , In My Own Words ( 2006 ) , was critically and commercially successful , reaching number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States . It is certified platinum in the United States , United Kingdom , Japan and Australia and saw the success of the single So Sick , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States . Because of You ( 2007 ) , Ne-Yo 's second studio album , was the second number one platinum-selling album debuted on the Billboard 200 and Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . His third studio album , Year of the Gentleman ( 2008 ) , saw continued success and further Grammy Award nominations for Best Contemporary R & B Album as well as Album of the Year . Its singles Closer and Miss Independent were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance , Best Male R & B Vocal Performance and Best R & B Song . Year of the Gentleman has been certified platinum twice in the US , selling two million copies , also platinum three times in the UK and once in Japan . Libra Scale ( 2010 ) , Ne-Yo 's fourth studio album , reached number one in the UK R & B Singles and Albums Charts and number nine on the US Billboard 200 , seeing a decline in overall sales . His fifth studio album , R.E.D ."}]}, {'value': 'Because of You', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Because_of_You_(Ne-Yo_album)', 'summary': 'Because of You is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Ne-Yo . It was released by Compound Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings on April 25 , 2007 in the United States . Ne-Yo reteamed with many previous collaborators to work on the follow-up to his debut album In My Own Words ( 2006 ) , involving Ron Neff-U Feemster , StarGate , and Shea Taylor , as well as new and upcoming musicians such as The Heavyweights , Eric Hudson , Timothy Bloom , Knobody , and Syience . Next to them , Because of You features guest vocal contributions from rapper Jay-Z on Crazy and fellow R & B singer Jennifer Hudson on Leaving Tonight . Because of You debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 and Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , selling over 250,000 copies in its first week , and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . It also reached the top ten in Canada and the United Kingdom but was commercially less successful than In My Own Words elsewhere . Released to generally positive reviews from most music critics , who complimented the album for the advancement over its predecessor , it won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Akon - Konvicted Keyshia Cole - Just like You Fantasia - Fantasia Emily King - East Side Story', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akon', 'summary': 'Aliaune Damala Bouga Time Puru Nacka Lu Lu Lu Badara Akon Thiam ( /ˈeɪkɒn/ ; born April 16 , 1973 ) is a Senegalese-American singer , songwriter , record producer , entrepreneur , philanthropist and actor . He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of Locked Up , the first single from his debut album , Trouble . He has since founded two successful record labels , Konvict Muzik and KonLive Distribution . The labels served as a stepping stone for many soon-to-be successful acts , such as Lady Gaga , T-Pain , R. City , Kardinall Offishall , and Red Café . His second album , Konvicted received three nominations for the Grammy Awards in two categories , Best Contemporary R & B Album for Konvicted album and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for Smack That and I Wan na Love You . He is the first solo artist to hold both the number one and two spots simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100 charts twice . Akon has had four songs certified as 3× platinum , three songs certified as 2× platinum , more than ten songs certified as 1× platinum and more than ten songs certified as gold in digital sales . Akon has sung songs in other languages including Tamil , Hindi , and Spanish . He was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the # 1 selling artist for master ringtones in the world . Akon often provides vocals as a featured artist and is currently credited with over 300 guest appearances and more than 35 Billboard Hot 100 songs , resulting in five Grammy Awards nominations . He has released 6 solo albums and has handled the majority of production on his solo work and guest features . Alongside this , he also produced records mainly for artists on his respective labels , as well as for other artists such as Michael Jackson , Snoop Dogg , Lionel Richie , Leona Lewis , Sean Paul and Whitney Houston .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Konvicted', 'summary': 'Konvicted is the second studio album by American singer Akon . It was released on November 14 , 2006 . The album features collaborations with rappers Eminem , Snoop Dogg , Styles P and T-Pain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Keyshia_Cole', 'summary': "Keyshia M. Cole ( born October 15 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , producer , and television personality . She was born in Oakland , California . Her career began when she met MC Hammer at the age of 12 , and later met rapper Tupac Shakur . At the age of 15 , she moved to Los Angeles and was later introduced to A & M Records . She released her debut album , The Way It Is ( 2005 ) , which spawned five singles : Never , I Changed My Mind , ( I Just Want It ) To Be Over , I Should Have Cheated , and Love . It was certified gold within 17 weeks , and then platinum just eight weeks later . The album stayed on the charts for over a year , selling over 1.6 million copies . After A & M folded , Cole released her second album Just Like You ( 2007 ) under Geffen Records , and the album debuted and peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . The album has been certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America , and has sold 1.7 million copies in the US . A Different Me is Cole 's third album , released in 2008 . The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 322,000 , the highest of Cole 's career ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Just_like_You_(Keyshia_Cole_album)', 'summary': "Just Like You is the second studio album by American R & B singer Keyshia Cole . The album was released on September 25 , 2007 through Geffen Records . It was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards that was held February 2008 , but lost to Ne-Yo 's Because of You . As of December 2007 , the album has been certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America and remains Cole 's highest-selling album to date with 1.7 million copies sold ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino', 'summary': 'Fantasia Monique Barrino-Taylor ( born June 30 , 1984 ) , known professionally by her mononym Fantasia , is an American R & B singer , songwriter , actress and author . She rose to fame as the winner of the third season of the reality television series American Idol in 2004 . Following her victory , she released her debut single , I Believe , which debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . Subsequently , she released her debut album , Free Yourself , which went on to be certified Platinum by the RIAA and earned Barrino three Grammy nominations in 2006 . In 2006 , she released her second album , Fantasia , which featured the single When I See U which topped the Billboard Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for eight weeks . This album was certified Gold by the RIAA and received three Grammy nominations in 2008 . She then played the part of Celie in the Broadway musical The Color Purple , for which she won a 2007 Theatre World Award . Her third studio album , Back to Me , was released worldwide on August 24 , 2010 and features the single Bittersweet , which peaked in the top ten on the R & B chart . The single won her a Grammy for Best Female R & B Vocal Performance . As of February 2012 , Barrino has sold 3,842,000 albums and 2,425,000 tracks in the United States . In 2012 , VH1 ranked her number 32 out of the 100 Greatest Women in Music . On April 18 , 2013 , Barrino returned to American Idol singing Lose to Win .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fantasia_(Fantasia_Barrino_album)', 'summary': 'Fantasia is the eponymous second studio album by American recording artist Fantasia Barrino , released by J Records on December 12 , 2006 . In its first week of sales , Fantasia entered the US Billboard 200 chart at number nineteen , with 133,000 copies sold . In June 2007 , Fantasia was certified Gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Emily_King', 'summary': 'Emily King ( born July 10 , 1985 ) is an American singer and songwriter . She started her career in 2004 and her debut album East Side Story was released three years later in August 2007 . In December 2007 , King was listed as a Grammy nominee for Best Contemporary R & B Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Side_Story_(Emily_King_album)', 'summary': 'East Side Story is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Emily King . It was released by J Records on August 28 , 2007 in the United States . Chiefly produced by Chucky Thompson , the album included five songs from her EP East Side Story Sampler ( 2006 ) . East Side Story was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th ceremony .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/51st_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 51st Annual Grammy Awards took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , on February 8 , 2009 . Robert Plant and Alison Krauss were the biggest winners of the night , winning five awards including Album of the Year for their critically acclaimed album Raising Sand . Krauss became the sixth female solo artist to have won 5 awards in one night joining Lauryn Hill , Alicia Keys , Norah Jones , Beyoncé Knowles , and Amy Winehouse . Lil Wayne received the most nominations with eight . The awards broadcast won a 2009 Creative Arts Emmy for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Variety or Music Series or Special .'}]}, {'value': 'Mary J. Blige', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_J._Blige', 'summary': "Mary Jane Blige ( /blaɪʒ/ ; born January 11 , 1971 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and philanthropist . Her career began in 1991 when she signed to Uptown Records . Furthermore , she went on to release 13 studio albums , eight of which have achieved multi-platinum worldwide sales . Blige has won nine Grammy Awards , four American Music Awards , twelve Billboard Music Awards and has also received three Golden Globe Award nominations , including one for her supporting role in the film Mudbound ( 2017 ) and another for its second original song Mighty River for Mudbound ; she also received a nomination for the Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song , becoming the first person nominated for acting and songwriting in the same year . In 1992 , Blige released her first album , What 's the 411 ? . Her 1994 album My Life is among Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and Time magazine 's All-Time 100 Albums . She received a Legends Award at the World Music Awards in 2006 , and the Voice of Music Award from ASCAP in 2007.Billboard ranked Blige as the most successful female R & B/Hip-Hop artist of the past 25 years . In 2017 , Billboard magazine named her 2006 song Be Without You as the most successful R & B/Hip-Hop song of all time , as it spent an unparalleled 15 weeks atop the Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and over 75 weeks on the chart . In 2011 , VH1 ranked Blige as the 80th greatest artist of all time . ln 2012 , VH1 ranked Blige at number 9 in The 100 Greatest Women in Music list ."}]}, {'value': 'Growing Pains', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Growing_Pains_(Mary_J._Blige_album)', 'summary': "Growing Pains is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Mary J. Blige . An R & B album that was released on December 18 , 2007 by Geffen Records . It debuted at # 2 on the Billboard 200 selling 629,000 copies in its first week . Growing Pains was ranked # 29 on Rolling Stone 's list of the Top 50 Albums of 2007 . Work That was released as the second single on December 18 , 2007 and managed to peak inside the top 20 of the Billboard Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 65 in the Billboard Hot 100 . The third official single Stay Down reached the top 40 R & B charts , and was chosen in favor of Hurt Again , which was originally the third single , but eventually was only a radio single by receiving airplay in Spring 2008 . Growing Pains was awarded the Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009 ."}]}, {'value': "J . Holiday - Back of My Lac ' Karina - First Love Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman Jazmine Sullivan - Fearless", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._Holiday', 'summary': "Nahom Thorton Grymes ( born November 29 , 1984 ) , better known by his stage name J . Holiday , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper and actor . He came into prominence in 2007 with his breakthrough hit Bed , peaking at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 . His debut album , Back of My Lac ' , was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 . The album would also hit number 32 in the United Kingdom . Back of My Lac ' has sold just over 700,000 copies worldwide . His second album , Round 2 was released on March 10 , 2009 . It peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 and contain only one single , It 's Yours . After label changes and several release delays , Holiday 's third album , Guilty Conscience , was released in January 2014 and peaked at number 42 on the Top R & B/Hip Hop Albums chart , making it his lowest charting album in that entry ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Back_of_My_Lac'", 'summary': "Back of My Lac ' is the debut studio album from American R & B singer J . Holiday that was released in the United States on October 2 , 2007 , by Music Line Group and Capitol Records . The album was supported by three singles , Be with Me , Bed and Suffocate . Upon its release , Back of My Lac ' received generally mixed reviews from music critics . The album debuted at number five on the US Billboard 200 , selling 105,000 copies in its first week . The album was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 51st Grammy Awards , but lost to Mary J. Blige 's Growing Pains ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Karina_Pasian', 'summary': 'Karina Pasian ( born July 18 , 1991 ) is an American-Dominican singer , songwriter and pianist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/First_Love_(Karina_Pasian_album)', 'summary': "First Love is the debut studio album by Dominican-American R & B singer Karina Pasian . The album was released on August 19 , 2008 . The album debuted on # 57 on the Billboard 200 . The album includes the singles 16 @ War and Ca n't Find The Words . Karina recorded over 70 songs for the album , including a collaboration with John Legend called Promise that did n't make the album . First Love sold 9,000 copies in its first week . On December 3 , 2008 , the album was nominated for a Grammy for Best Contemporary R & B Album . As of December 2008 , the album has sold a total of 28,408 copies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ne-Yo', 'summary': "Shaffer Chimere Smith ( born October 18 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Ne-Yo , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and dancer . He gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit Let Me Love You for singer Mario . The single 's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam 's label head and the signing of a recording contract . Ne-Yo 's debut solo single , Stay , was released in 2005 to moderate success . His debut studio album , In My Own Words ( 2006 ) , was critically and commercially successful , reaching number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States . It is certified platinum in the United States , United Kingdom , Japan and Australia and saw the success of the single So Sick , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States . Because of You ( 2007 ) , Ne-Yo 's second studio album , was the second number one platinum-selling album debuted on the Billboard 200 and Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . His third studio album , Year of the Gentleman ( 2008 ) , saw continued success and further Grammy Award nominations for Best Contemporary R & B Album as well as Album of the Year . Its singles Closer and Miss Independent were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance , Best Male R & B Vocal Performance and Best R & B Song . Year of the Gentleman has been certified platinum twice in the US , selling two million copies , also platinum three times in the UK and once in Japan . Libra Scale ( 2010 ) , Ne-Yo 's fourth studio album , reached number one in the UK R & B Singles and Albums Charts and number nine on the US Billboard 200 , seeing a decline in overall sales . His fifth studio album , R.E.D ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Year_of_the_Gentleman', 'summary': 'Year of the Gentleman is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Ne-Yo . It was released by Compound Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings on September 16 , 2008 in the United States . As with his previous albums In My Own Words ( 2006 ) and Because of You ( 2007 ) , Ne-Yo worked with Stargate , Reggie Syience Perry , and Shea Taylor on much of the album , but also consulted new collaborators , including Chuck Harmony , Polow da Don , Butter Beats , and Shomari Sho Wilson . The album was a commercial success , charting in the top-10 in several countries . Year of the Gentleman reached number two on the US Billboard 200 and was eventually certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , for shipments of one million copies in the United States , making it his third platinum-selling album as well as his third consecutive top ten album following Because of You . It has also been certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , for shipments of 600,000 copies in the United Kingdom . It was also certified in Canada , Italy , Japan , New Zealand , and Saudi Arabia . Released to favorable reviews from music critics , Year of the Gentleman earned Ne-Yo nominated six Grammy nominations , including Album of the Year and Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 51st award ceremony . Rolling Stone ranked it number 33 on its list of the 50 Best albums of 2008 . In suppot of the album , Def Jam released four singles , including international hit singles Closer and Miss Independent , as well as Mad and Part of the List .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jazmine_Sullivan', 'summary': "Jazmine Marie Sullivan ( born April 9 , 1987 ) is an American singer-songwriter from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Her debut album , Fearless , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified gold in the US . The album contains her debut single Need U Bad , produced by Missy Elliott , a reggae-inspired song . A cover version of her second single Bust Your Windows that was made on Glee in 2009 , boosted her career in the popular culture industry . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Sullivan received nominations for Best New Artist , Best Female R & B Vocal Performance , Best Traditional R & B Performance , Best R & B Song and Best Contemporary R & B Album . Sullivan released her second studio album , Love Me Back , in 2010 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning her another Grammy nomination for Best Female R & B Vocal Performance for the lead single Holding You Down ( Goin ' in Circles ) at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2011 . The album debuted at number 17 on the Billboard 200 chart . Love Me Back has sold over three million copies . She is one of the female R & B artists to simultaneously have two albums in the top ten of the Billboard 200 and have two singles in the top five of Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs , as well as in the history of the Grammy Awards to have three simultaneous Grammy-nominated singles , with Need U Bad , Bust Your Windows , and Lions , Tigers & Bears , all of which also topped the charts . Fearless is the longest-running number one album by a female R & B artist in the history of the US Album Charts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fearless_(Jazmine_Sullivan_album)', 'summary': "Fearless is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Jazmine Sullivan . It was released on September 23 , 2008 , through J Records . Production for the album took place during 2007 to 2008 and was handled by several record producers , including Missy Elliott , Stargate , Carvin & Ivan , Wyclef Jean , and Salaam Remi . The album debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 65,000 copies in its first week . It also produced four singles that attained respectable charting on Billboard 's Hot 100 chart . It Upon its release , Fearless received generally positive reviews from most music critics who complimented its production and Sullivan 's vocals , comparing her to female R & B artists such as Alicia Keys and Lauryn Hill . The album earned Sullivan seven Grammy Award nominations and has sold 517,000 copies in the United States and since been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for exceeded sales of 500,000 ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/52nd_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': "The 52nd Annual Grammy Awards took place on January 31 , 2010 , at Staples Center in Los Angeles . Neil Young was honored as the 2010 MusiCares Person of the Year on January 29 , two days prior to the Grammy telecast . Nominations announced on December 2 , 2009 . The show was moved to January to avoid competing against the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Only ten of the 109 awards were received during the broadcast . The remaining awards were given during the un-televised portion of the ceremony which preceded the broadcast . Beyoncé , who also received the most nominations , with ten , won a total of six awards breaking the record for most wins by a female artist in one night . Taylor Swift won four while The Black Eyed Peas , Jay-Z and Kings of Leon won three . Artists who won two awards include A. R. Rahman , Colbie Caillat , Eminem , Kanye West , Lady Gaga , Maxwell , Jason Mraz and Rihanna . Judas Priest , AC/DC , and Imogen Heap each won a Grammy for the first time in their careers . Taylor Swift 's Fearless was awarded the Grammy Award for Album of the Year , the youngest to win the award at age 20 . Use Somebody by rock band Kings of Leon won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year , while Single Ladies by songwriters Thaddis Harrell , Beyoncé Knowles , Terius Nash and Christopher Stewart , was honored with Grammy Award for Song of the Year ."}]}, {'value': 'Beyoncé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beyoncé', 'summary': "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( /biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say ; born September 4 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Houston , Texas , Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child . She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny 's Child , one of the best-selling girl groups of all time . During Destiny 's Child 's hiatus , Beyoncé made her theatrical film debut with a role in the US box-office number-one Austin Powers in Goldmember ( 2002 ) and recorded her first solo album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . It also featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Crazy in Love and Baby Boy . Following the disbandment of Destiny 's Child in 2006 , she released her second solo album , B'Day , which contained the US number-one single Irreplaceable , as well as the UK number-one singles Déjà Vu and Beautiful Liar . Beyoncé continued her acting career with starring roles in The Pink Panther ( 2006 ) , Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) , and Obsessed ( 2009 ) . Her marriage to rapper Jay-Z and her portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records ( 2008 ) influenced her third album , I Am . Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) , which earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010 . It spawned the UK number-one single If I Were a Boy and the US number-one single Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) . After splitting from her manager and father Mathew Knowles in 2010 , Beyoncé released 4 ( 2011 ) , which was influenced by 1970s funk , 1980s pop , and 1990s soul . Beyoncé received widespread critical acclaim for her albums , Beyoncé ( 2013 ) and Lemonade ( 2016 ) ; the latter became the world 's best-selling album of 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'I Am ... Sasha Fierce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I_Am..._Sasha_Fierce', 'summary': "I Am . Sasha Fierce is the third solo studio album by American singer Beyoncé . It was released on November 12 , 2008 , by Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment . In its original release , the album was formatted as a double album , intending to market Beyoncé 's dichotomous artistic persona . The first disc , I Am. , contains slow and midtempo pop and R & B ballads , while the second , Sasha Fierce ( named after Beyoncé 's on-stage alter ego ) , focuses on more uptempo beats that blend electropop and Europop elements . In composing the songs ' lyrics , Beyoncé worked with writers , with each session accompanied by live orchestration . Beyoncé credited both her husband - rapper Jay-Z - and jazz singer Etta James for inspiring her to push the limits of her songwriting and artistry . Musically , I Am . drew inspiration from folk and alternative rock , while blending acoustic guitar elements into contemporary ballads , and its tracks were written and produced by Beyoncé , during collaborative efforts with Babyface , Tricky Stewart , The-Dream and Ryan Tedder . Sasha Fierce boasted production from Darkchild and Sean Garrett . I Am . Sasha Fierce received mixed critics from music critics ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamie Foxx - Intuition Pleasure P - The Introduction of Marcus Cooper Trey Songz - Ready T-Pain - Three Ringz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamie_Foxx', 'summary': "Eric Marlon Bishop ( born December 13 , 1967 ) , known professionally as Jamie Foxx , is an American actor , singer , comedian , presenter , and producer . Foxx became widely known for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 biographical film Ray , for which he won the Academy Award , BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , Critics ' Choice Movie Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . That same year , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the crime film Collateral . Since spring 2017 , Foxx has served as the host and executive producer of the Fox game show Beat Shazam . Other acting roles include Staff Sergeant Sykes in Jarhead ( 2005 ) , record executive Curtis Taylor Jr. in Dreamgirls ( 2006 ) , Detective Ricardo Tubbs in the 2006 film adaptation of TV series Miami Vice , the title role in the film Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , the supervillain Electro in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 ( 2014 ) , Will Stacks in Annie ( 2014 ) , and gangster Bats / Leon Jefferson III in Baby Driver ( 2017 ) . Foxx also starred in the sketch comedy show In Living Color and his own television sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show ( 1996-2001 ) , in which he played Jamie King Jr. Foxx is also a Grammy Award-winning musician , producing four albums , which have charted in the top ten of the U.S . Billboard 200 : Unpredictable ( 2005 ) , which topped the chart , Intuition ( 2008 ) , Best Night of My Life ( 2010 ) , and Hollywood : A Story of a Dozen Roses ( 2015 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Intuition_(Jamie_Foxx_album)', 'summary': "Intuition is the third studio album by American R & B singer Jamie Foxx . It was released on December 16 , 2008 , by J Records . The album features several guest artists , including T.I. , Lil Wayne , Ne-Yo , Kanye West , Fabolous , T-Pain , The-Dream , Lil ' Kim and Marsha Ambrosius . The album has reached the top three on the US Billboard 200 chart and number 1 on the Top US R & B/Hip Hop Albums Charts , which it topped for six consecutive weeks ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pleasure_P', 'summary': "Marcus Ramone Cooper Sr , better known by his stage name Pleasure P , is an American R & B singer-songwriter , who experienced success as a member of the group Pretty Ricky before embarking on a solo career in 2007 . His debut album The Introduction of Marcus Cooper was released on June 2009 . On October , 2014 , Pleasure P and the rest of Pretty Ricky officialized on Instagram a reunion tour with a Bluestars 2 album for 2015 . His first reunion single with Pretty Ricky is called Puddles and has been released during Valentine 's Day 2015 . It was the most requested song on South Florida 's 99 Jamz radio station in the days following its release ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Introduction_of_Marcus_Cooper', 'summary': "The Introduction of Marcus Cooper is the debut studio album by American recording artist and former Pretty Ricky vocalist Pleasure P ; it was released on June 9 , 2009 , by Swagga Entertainment , Bluestar Entertainment and Atlantic Records . The title refers to the singer 's birth name . The album peaked at number 10 on the US Billboard 200 and number 2 on Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts , selling 19,000 copies in its first week . As of January 2011 , the album has sold over 150,000 copies nationwide . The album was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album in the 52nd annual Grammy Awards , and the song Under was nominated for Best Male R & B Vocal Performance and Best R & B Song ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Trey_Songz', 'summary': "Tremaine Aldon Neverson ( born November 28 , 1984 ) , known professionally as Trey Songz , is an American singer , songwriter , and actor . His debut album , I Got ta Make It , was released in 2005 through Atlantic Records . His follow-up album , Trey Day , spawned his first top 20 single , Ca n't Help but Wait . Songz released his third album Ready in 2009 and a single from the album , Say Aah , peaked at No . 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 making it Songz 's first top 10 hit . Ready was nominated for Best Male R & B Vocal Performance at the 2008 Grammy Awards . The following year saw Songz 's highest charting song to date , Bottoms Up featuring rapper Nicki Minaj from his fourth studio album , Passion , Pain & Pleasure . In 2012 , Songz released his first number one album , Chapter V , which debuted atop the Billboard 200 . The album 's lead single titled Heart Attack was nominated for Best R & B Song at the 2013 Grammy Awards . Following that Songz released his sixth studio album , Trigga in 2014 , promoted by the top 40 songs , Na Na and Slow Motion . He has sold over 25 million records worldwide in singles and albums ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ready_(Trey_Songz_album)', 'summary': "Ready is the third studio album by American R & B recording artist Trey Songz . It was released on August 31 , 2009 , by Troy Taylor 's record label Songbook , distributed by Atlantic Records . The album serves as the sequel to Trey Day ( 2007 ) . Production for the album took place from 2008 to 2009 , which contributed by Songz 's longtime collaborator and his mentor Troy Taylor , along with Bryan-Michael Cox , StarGate and Los da Mystro , among others . The album received generally positive reviews from critics , which positively compared Ready to the work of R. Kelly , but also was criticized for this album 's inconsistency . The album debuted at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 131,000 copies in its first week . The album was a certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , becoming Songz 's first certified album . 4 years later , Ready was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . All five singles have achieved chart success , including the top ten Billboard Hot 100 hit Say Aah , and the top five Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs hits Neighbors Know My Name and I Invented Sex , the latter of which topped the chart . Songz promoted Ready in a number of live appearances , including co-heading the 106 & Live tour , sponsored by 106 & Park , and serving as a support act on Jay-Z 's The Blueprint 3 Tour . Ready earned Songz a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards ; but lost to Beyoncé Knowles ' I Am . Sasha Fierce ."}, {'url': '/wiki/T-Pain', 'summary': "Faheem Rasheed Najm ( born September 30 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name T-Pain , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer . His debut album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , was released in 2005 . In 2007 , T-Pain released his second album Epiphany , which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . His third album , Thr33 Ringz , was released in 2008 . T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles , including I 'm Sprung , I 'm ' n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) , Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) , Bartender , Ca n't Believe It , 5 O'Clock and more . T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards , alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively . T-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment , established in 2005 . Throughout his career as a singer , T-Pain is best known for using and popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect , used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds . From 2006 to 2010 , T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles . His most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida 's debut single Low , which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Three_Ringz', 'summary': "Three Ringz ( stylized as Thr33 Ringz ) is the third studio album by American R & B singer T-Pain , It was released on November 11 , 2008 , by his record label Nappy Boy Entertainment ( under the distribution of Akon 's label Konvict Muzik , Jive Records , and Zomba Label Group ) . It was supported by three singles : Ca n't Believe It featuring Lil Wayne , Chopped ' n ' Skrewed featuring Ludacris , and Freeze featuring Chris Brown . Reviews for the album were favorable but critics were growing weary of the party-filled track listing and overreliance on Auto-Tune . Three Ringz debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and spawned three singles : Ca n't Believe It , Chopped ' n ' Skrewed and Freeze . It was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards , but lost to Beyoncé 's I Am . Sasha Fierce ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/53rd_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': "The 53rd Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 13 , 2011 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles . They were broadcast on CBS with a rating of 26.6 million viewers . Barbra Streisand was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year two nights prior to the telecast on February 11 . Nominations were announced on December 1 , 2010 and a total of 109 awards were presented . Most of the awards were presented during the pre-telecast , which took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center next to the Staples Center , where the main telecast took place . The eligibility period was September 1 , 2009 to September 30 , 2010 . For the third year , nominations were announced on prime-time television as part of The GRAMMY Nominations Concert Live ! - Countdown to Music 's Biggest Night a one-hour special broadcast live on CBS from Club Nokia at L.A. Live . Arcade Fire won Album of the Year for The Suburbs becoming the first indie act to do so , and surprising many viewers and critics . Baba Yetu composed and arranged by Christopher Tin won Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist ( s ) , is the first Grammy given to a piece of music written for a Video Game . Esperanza Spalding was awarded Best New Artist . Lady Antebellum won five awards including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for Need You Now ."}]}, {'value': 'Usher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Usher_(entertainer)', 'summary': "Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor and dancer . He was born in Dallas , Texas , but raised in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A & R from LaFace Records . He released his self-titled debut album , Usher ( 1994 ) but rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album My Way ( 1997 ) . It spawned his first U.S . Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , Nice & Slow , among top-two singles You Make Me Wan na . and My Way . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles U Remind Me and U Got It Bad , as well as top-three single U Do n't Have to Call . It sold eight million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R & B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 . Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles - Yeah ! , Burn , Confessions Part II and My Boo - it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) both debuted atop of the Billboard 200 chart and respectively produced the number-one singles Love in This Club and OMG ."}]}, {'value': 'Raymond v. Raymond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raymond_v._Raymond', 'summary': "Raymond v. Raymond is the sixth studio album by American singer Usher , released on March 26 , 2010 , by LaFace Records . Production for the album took place in 2009 and was handled by several producers , including Jermaine Dupri , The Runners , Ester Dean , Polow da Don , RedOne , Jim Jonsin , Danja , Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis , Bangladesh , Zaytoven , and Tricky Stewart . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 329,000 copies in its first week . It sold over one million copies in the United States and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The album also produced five singles that achieved chart success , including US hits Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) , Lil Freak , There Goes My Baby , and international hits OMG and More . Upon its release , Raymond v. Raymond received generally mixed reviews from music critics , who were ambivalent towards its songwriting and themes . Nonetheless , the album earned Usher several awards , including Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary R & B Album and Best Male R & B Vocal Performance . Usher promoted the album with a supporting international tour , OMG Tour , in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'R. Kelly - Untitled Chris Brown - Graffiti Ryan Leslie - Transition Janelle Monáe - The ArchAndroid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R._Kelly', 'summary': "Robert Sylvester Kelly ( born January 8 , 1967 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , record producer , actor , and former semi-professional basketball player . He has been credited with helping to redefine R & B and hip hop , earning nicknames such as the King of R & B , the King of Pop-Soul , and the Pied Piper of R & B . Kelly is known for songs including I Believe I Can Fly , Bump N ' Grind , Your Body 's Callin ' , Gotham City , Ignition ( Remix ) , If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time , The World 's Greatest , I 'm a Flirt ( Remix ) , and the hip-hopera Trapped in the Closet . In 1998 , Kelly won three Grammy Awards for I Believe I Can Fly . Although Kelly is primarily a singer and songwriter , he has written , produced , and remixed songs , singles , and albums for many artists . In 1996 , he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson 's song You Are Not Alone . Kelly has sold over 75 million records worldwide , making him the most successful R & B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world 's best-selling music artists . He is the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States , with over 32 million album sales . Kelly was named by Billboard as the Top R & B/Hip Hop Artist between 1985-2010 and the most successful R & B artist in history . Since the 1990s , Kelly has been the subject of numerous allegations of sexual abuse and misconduct , often with underage girls , all charges he denies . In 2002 , he was indicted on 13 counts of child pornography , but was acquitted of all charges in 2008 . In January 2019 , a widely viewed Lifetime docuseries titled Surviving R. Kelly detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women , allegations Kelly denies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Untitled_(R._Kelly_album)', 'summary': 'Untitled is the ninth studio album by American R & B recording artist R. Kelly . It was released by Jive Records on November 30 , 2009 in the UK , while it was released on December 1 , 2009 in the US . It was entirely produced by R. Kelly and features prominently carnal lyrical themes . The album debuted at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 , and reached the top of the Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums chart . Untitled received generally mixed reviews from contemporary music critics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Brown_(American_singer)', 'summary': "Christopher Maurice Brown ( born May 5 , 1989 ) is an American singer , songwriter , rapper , dancer , actor , and record producer . Born in Tappahannock , Virginia , he was involved in his church choir and several local talent shows from a young age . Having signed with Jive Records in 2004 , Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year , which became certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . With his first single Run It ! peaking atop the Billboard Hot 100 , Brown became the first male artist since 1997 to have his debut single top the chart . His second album Exclusive ( 2007 ) spawned his second Billboard Hot 100 number one Kiss Kiss . In addition to his solo commercial success , Brown has been featured on several successful singles such as No Air , a duet with singer Jordin Sparks , Shortie Like Mine with the rapper Bow Wow and Shawty Get Loose alongside Lil Mama and T-Pain . In 2009 , Brown received significant media attention after pleading guilty to felony assault of his then girlfriend , singer Rihanna . Following the release of his third album Graffiti in the same year of the incident , Brown 's fourth album F.A.M.E . ( 2011 ) became his first to top the Billboard 200 and earned him the Grammy Award for Best R & B Album . His fifth album Fortune , released in 2012 , also topped the Billboard 200 . Following the releases of X , Royalty and Heartbreak on a Full Moon , Brown 's ninth studio album Indigo ( 2019 ) became his third Billboard 200 number-one album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Graffiti_(Chris_Brown_album)', 'summary': 'Graffiti is the third studio album by American singer Chris Brown . It was released on December 8 , 2009 , by Jive Records . The album serves as a follow-up to his previous album Exclusive ( 2007 ) . Recording sessions took place from 2008 to 2009 , with these several record producers , including Polow da Don , Swizz Beatz , The Runners and Brian Kennedy , among others . Primarily an R & B and pop outing , Graffiti incorporates elements of hip hop music with synthesizers . The album debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 , selling 102,489 copies in its first week . By March 2011 , had sold 341,000 copies in the US . The album became his third consecutive top-ten debut in the United States following Exclusive in 2007 , while producing two singles that has achieved moderate chart success . Despite receiving generally negative reviews from most music critics , Graffiti was nominated for two Grammy Awards ; including one for the Best Contemporary R & B Album and the other for the Best R & B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for this track , Take My Time featuring Tank .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Leslie', 'summary': "Anthony Ryan Leslie ( born September 25 , 1978 ) is an American recording artist and record producer from Washington , D.C. Leslie has produced singles for a number of prominent artists in a variety of genres , ranging from R & B and hip hop to pop and gospel . From 2005-2006 , he had his most commercial success to date with NextSelection/Bad Boy singer Cassie , when they released her debut single , Me & U. Leslie 's 2008 self-titled debut album , includes the singles Diamond Girl , Addiction and How It Was Supposed to Be . Leslie , who is a singer , songwriter , rapper and entrepreneur , as well as a Harvard University graduate , is also the founder and CEO of SuperPhone and NextSelection Lifestyle Group . In 2011 , he was nominated for a Grammy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Transition_(Ryan_Leslie_album)', 'summary': "Transition is the second album by R & B singer-songwriter and producer Ryan Leslie . This is the second album by Leslie released in 2009 , nine months after his self-titled debut album . The entire album is written , arranged , produced and engineered by Ryan Leslie . It was inspired by a lady whom Leslie met during a rehearsal for his showcase at New York 's S.O.B. 's . They went on to have a relationship during the summer of 2009 , which the album tells the story of . The first single for the album is entitled You 're Not My Girl , which was released in July 2009 . The second single I Choose You was released in January 2010 . The album was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B album at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards . The Album has sold 60,000 copies in US ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Janelle_Monáe', 'summary': "Janelle Monáe Robinson ( /moʊˈneɪ/ ; born December 1 , 1985 ) is an American singer , songwriter , rapper , actress , and producer . She is signed to Atlantic Records , as well as her own imprint , the Wondaland Arts Society . Monáe 's musical career began in 2003 upon releasing a demo album titled The Audition . In 2007 , Monáe publicly debuted with a conceptual EP titled Metropolis : Suite I ( The Chase ) . It peaked at number two on the US Top Heatseekers chart , and in 2010 , through Bad Boy Records , Monáe released a first full-length studio album , The ArchAndroid , a concept album and sequel to her first EP . In 2011 , Monáe was featured as a guest vocalist on fun . 's single We Are Young , which achieved major commercial success , topping the charts of over ten countries and garnering Monáe a wider audience . Her second studio album , The Electric Lady , was released in 2013 and debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 , serving as the fourth and fifth installments of her seven-part Metropolis concept series . In 2016 , Monáe made her theatrical film debut in two high-profile productions ; she starred in Hidden Figures as NASA mathematician and aerospace engineer Mary Jackson , and also starred in Moonlight . Hidden Figures was a box office success , while Moonlight won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 89th annual ceremony . Monáe 's third studio album , Dirty Computer , also described as a concept album , was released in 2018 to widespread critical acclaim ; it was chosen as the best album of the year by several publications and earned Monáe two nominations at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year . The album debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 and was further promoted by Monáe 's Dirty Computer Tour , which lasted from June-August 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_ArchAndroid_(Suites_II_and_III)', 'summary': "The ArchAndroid is the debut studio album by American singer Janelle Monáe , released on May 18 , 2010 , by Wondaland Arts Society and Bad Boy Records . Production for the album took place at Wondaland Studios in Atlanta and was primarily handled by Monáe , Nate Rocket Wonder , and Chuck Lightning , with only one song without production by Monáe . It consists of the second and third parts to Monáe 's Metropolis concept series . Incorporating conceptual elements of Afrofuturism and science fiction , The ArchAndroid continues the series ' fictional tale of a messianic android and features lyrical themes of love , identity , and self-realization . The album has been compared to the work of artists such as David Bowie , Outkast , Prince and Michael Jackson . The album features multiple collaborations with artists ; Saul Williams , Big Boi , Of Montreal and Deep Cotton . The album debuted at number 17 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 21,000 copies in its first week . It achieved moderate chart success and produced two singles : Tightrope and Cold War , and one promotional single Come Alive ( The War of the Roses ) . The ArchAndroid received widespread acclaim from critics , earning praise for its conceptual themes and Monáe 's eclectic musical range . It was named the best album of 2010 by several critics and earned Monáe a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary R & B Album ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Recipients', 'section_text': 'First award recipient Ashanti at the Red Dress Collection fashion show in 2008 Three-time award winner Beyoncé in 2008', 'uid': 'Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_R&B_Album_0', 'intro': "The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards, to recording artists for quality works on albums in the contemporary R&B music genre. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position. The award for Best Contemporary R&B Album, which recognizes R&B albums with more contemporary musical stylings, was first presented to Ashanti at the 45th Grammy Awards in 2003 for her self-titled debut album. Prior to the creation of this category, contemporary R&B albums were eligible for the more general category Best R&B Album. According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards, the award is reserved for albums containing at least 51% playing time of newly recorded contemporary R&B vocal tracks which may also incorporate production elements found in rap music. Award recipients included the producers, engineers, and/or mixers associated with the nominated work in addition to the recording artists. Beyoncé holds the record for the most wins, with three (all of her first three solo albums have earned her the award). Usher is the only other artist to receive the award more than once. The award has been presented to artists from the United States each year to date. Beyoncé and Ne-Yo share the record for the most nominations, with three each. In addition, Beyoncé earned a nomination as a member of the group Destiny's Child for the album Destiny Fulfilled. Brandy, Chris Brown, Janet Jackson and R. Kelly share the record for the most nominations without a win, with two each."}
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What is the full name of the artist who won in 2003 ?
Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas
fec047a1e2a37546
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sponsored_sports_venues', 'title': 'List of sponsored sports venues', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Type'], 'data': [{'value': 'axxess DSL St Georges', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_George's_Oval", 'summary': "St Georges Park Cricket Ground ( also known as St George 's Park , Crusaders Ground or simply Crusaders ) is a cricket ground in St George 's Park , Port Elizabeth , South Africa . It is the home of the Port Elizabeth Cricket Club , one of the oldest cricket clubs in South Africa , and the Eastern Province Club . It is also one of the venues at which Test matches and One Day Internationals are played in South Africa . It is older than Kingswood College in Grahamstown . The ground is notable for its brass band that plays during major matches , adding a unique flavour to its atmosphere . The ground hosted its first Test match in March 1889 when England defeated South Africa by 8 wickets . This was South Africas first Test match . As of 2005 [ update ] , there have been 21 Test matches played at the ground of which South Africa has won 8 and their opponents 9 with 4 draws . The first One Day International played at the ground was in December 1992 when South Africa beat India by 6 wickets . As of 2005 [ update ] , there have been 25 One Day Internationals played at the ground including five in the Cricket World Cup in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': 'Port Elizabeth , Eastern Cape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Elizabeth', 'summary': 'Port Elizabeth or Nelson Mandela Bay ( Xhosa : iBhayi ; Afrikaans : Die Baai [ di ˈbɑːi ] ) often known by its initials P.E. , and colloquially as The Friendly City , is a major seaport city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the Indian Ocean . Port Elizabeth is Africas southern-most and South Africas second oldest city . It is the seat of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality ( South Africas second largest metropolitan administrative district by area ) ; the countrys sixth most-populous city ; the most-populous city of Eastern Cape ; and the cultural , economic and financial center of the Eastern Cape . The city is among the top five cities in the world for pleasant weather , according to a 2014 scientific climate study of 600 global cities . Port Elizabeth is known for many blue-flag beaches along the citys urban coastline ; its popularity as an international and local holiday destination ; and its rich and diverse cultural heritage . It is a tourism gateway city for the Eastern Cape and the only city with the closest proximity to malaria-free big five game game reserves . The economy of Port Elizabeth is primarily oriented towards automotive assembly , manufacturing and export industries , and the city is also a major South African and sub-Saharan African destination for investment . Foreign direct investments of $ 19,8 billion has been secured over the past decade . Several Fortune 500 companies have a presence or their African operations headquartered in Port Elizabeth . The citys most prominent landmarks are Shark Rock pier , the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium , and the Donkin Reserve . Port Elizabeth was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Port Elizabeth is a popular domestic and international holiday destination .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Cape', 'summary': 'The Eastern Cape ( Xhosa : iMpuma-Kapa ; Afrikaans : Oos-Kaap ; Sotho : Kapa Botjhabela ) is one of the provinces of South Africa . Its capital is Bhisho , but its two largest cities are East London and Port Elizabeth . The second largest province in the country at 168 966 km2 after Northern Cape , it was formed in 1994 out of the Xhosa homelands or bantustans of Transkei and Ciskei , together with the eastern portion of the Cape Province . The central and eastern part of the province is the traditional home of the indigenous Xhosa people . In 1820 this area began to be settled by Europeans who originally came from England and some from Scotland and Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bidvest Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bidvest_Stadium', 'summary': 'Bidvest Stadium , is a multi-use stadium in the Braampark suburb of Johannesburg in South Africa . The stadium has a dedicated field to host football matches with a capacity of 5,000 seats , and other fields to host other sports disciplines . The exact location of the stadium , is at the Wits University campus , and it is currently used as the preferred home ground of Bidvest Wits in the Premier Soccer League . During the 2010 FIFA World Cup , it was also used as a training venue by the Dutch national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'Johannesburg , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gauteng', 'summary': "Gauteng ( /xaʊˈtɛŋ/ khow-TENG ; Tswana : Gauteng ; Sotho : Gauteng ; Zulu : eGoli ; Tsonga : Gauteng/eXilungwini ; Ndebele , Xhosa : iRhawuti ; Southern Ndebele : I-Gauteng ; Venda : Gauteng ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa . The name in Sotho-Tswana means place of gold . Situated in the Highveld , Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa , accounting for only 1.5% of the land area . Nevertheless , it is highly urbanised , containing the country 's largest city , Johannesburg , its administrative capital , Pretoria , and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark . As of 2019 [ update ] , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BIDVest Wanderers Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wanderers_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Wanderers Stadium ( Known as the Imperial Wanderers Stadium for sponsorship reasons ) is a stadium situated just south of Sandton in Illovo , Johannesburg in Gauteng Province , South Africa . Test , One Day and First class cricket matches are played here . It is also the home ground for the Highveld Lions , formerly known as Gauteng ( Transvaal ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Johannesburg , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gauteng', 'summary': "Gauteng ( /xaʊˈtɛŋ/ khow-TENG ; Tswana : Gauteng ; Sotho : Gauteng ; Zulu : eGoli ; Tsonga : Gauteng/eXilungwini ; Ndebele , Xhosa : iRhawuti ; Southern Ndebele : I-Gauteng ; Venda : Gauteng ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa . The name in Sotho-Tswana means place of gold . Situated in the Highveld , Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa , accounting for only 1.5% of the land area . Nevertheless , it is highly urbanised , containing the country 's largest city , Johannesburg , its administrative capital , Pretoria , and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark . As of 2019 [ update ] , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chevrolet Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Springbok_Park', 'summary': 'Mangaung Oval , previously known as Springbok Park , Chevrolet Park , Goodyear Park , and OUTsurance Oval , is a cricket oval in Bloemfontein , South Africa . It is currently used mostly for cricket matches . It is the home of the Knights cricket team . The stadium holds 20,000 people and opened in 1989 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bloemfontein , Free State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bloemfontein', 'summary': "Bloemfontein ( /ˈbluːmfɒnteɪn/ ; Afrikaans : [ ˈblumfɔntəi̯n ] ; from ! Orakobab : ǀʼAuxa ǃXās Bloem 's fountain ; in Dutch : fountain of flowers or blooming fountain ; also known as Bloem ) is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa ; and , as the judicial capital of the nation , one of South Africa 's three national capitals ( the other two being Cape Town , the legislative capital , and Pretoria , the administrative capital ) and is the seventh largest city in South Africa . Situated at an elevation of 1,395 m ( 4,577 ft ) above sea level , the city is home to approximately 520,000 residents and forms part of the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality which has a population of 747,431 . It was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The city of Bloemfontein hosts the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa , the Franklin Game Reserve , Naval Hill , the Maselspoort Resort and the Sand du Plessis Theatre . The city hosts numerous museums , including the National Women 's Monument , the Anglo-Boer War Museum , the National Museum , and the Oliewenhuis Art Museum . Bloemfontein also host sub-Saharan Africa 's first digital planetarium , the Naval Hill Planetarium and Boyden Observatory , an astronomical research observatory erected by Harvard University . Bloemfontein is popularly and poetically known as the city of roses , for its abundance of these flowers and the annual rose festival held there . The city 's Sesotho name is Mangaung , meaning place of cheetahs . Its ! Orakobab name is ǀʼAuxa ǃXās or ǀKxʼauxa ǃXās ( Khoekhoegowab spelling : ǀAuxa ! Khās ) , which refers to Jan Bloem II , known as ! Xās-aob or Blumtseb who was a gaokxʼaob ( chief ) of the ǀŨdiǁʼaes ( Springbok Clan ) of the ! Ora ( Korana ) nation , whose kraal was the original settlement before the city was built ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Free_State_(South_African_province)', 'summary': "The Free State ( Sotho : Freistata ; Afrikaans : Vrystaat ; Xhosa : iFreyistata ; Tswana : Foreistata ; Zulu : iFuleyisitata ; before 1995 , the Orange Free State ) is a province of South Africa . Its capital is Bloemfontein , which is also South Africa 's judicial capital . Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later Orange Free State Province ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TicketPro Dome', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johannesburg , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gauteng', 'summary': "Gauteng ( /xaʊˈtɛŋ/ khow-TENG ; Tswana : Gauteng ; Sotho : Gauteng ; Zulu : eGoli ; Tsonga : Gauteng/eXilungwini ; Ndebele , Xhosa : iRhawuti ; Southern Ndebele : I-Gauteng ; Venda : Gauteng ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa . The name in Sotho-Tswana means place of gold . Situated in the Highveld , Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa , accounting for only 1.5% of the land area . Nevertheless , it is highly urbanised , containing the country 's largest city , Johannesburg , its administrative capital , Pretoria , and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark . As of 2019 [ update ] , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates ."}]}, {'value': 'Multi-purpose indoor arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Beers Diamond Oval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Beers_Diamond_Oval', 'summary': "The De Beers Diamond Oval is a multi-purpose stadium in Kimberley , Northern Cape , South Africa . It opened in 1973 and has a capacity of 11,000 . It is currently used mostly for cricket matches and is the home venue of both the VKB Knights , in the Sunfoil Series , and Northern Cape ( formerly Griqualand West ) , in the CSA Provincial Competitions . Griqualand West left the old De Beers Stadium ahead of the 1973-74 season and have been resident at the Diamond Oval since then . The ground is in the Cassandra district of Kimberley at the junction of Lardner Burke Avenue with Dickenson Avenue . It is adjacent to the Kimberley Country Club and close to the De Beers company 's technical training campus . A total 211 first-class matches had been played at the Diamond Oval to the end of 2017 . The stadium hosted three matches during the 2003 Cricket World Cup ; a total of thirteen Limited Overs Internationals and one Twenty20 international have been played there to the end of 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kimberley , Northern Cape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape', 'summary': 'Kimberley is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa . It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers . The city has considerable historical significance due to its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War . British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley , and Rhodes established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town . On September 2 , 1882 , Kimberley was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in the United States to integrate electric street lights into its infrastructure . The first Stock Exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley , as early as 1881 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emirates Airline Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium', 'summary': "Ellis Park Stadium ( known as Emirates Airline Park for sponsorship reasons ) is a rugby union and association football stadium in the city of Johannesburg , Gauteng Province , South Africa . It hosted the final of the 1995 Rugby World Cup , which was won by the country 's national team , the Springboks . The stadium was the country 's most modern when it was upgraded in 1982 to accommodate almost 60,000 people . Today , the stadium hosts both football and rugby and is also used as a venue for other large events , such as open-air concerts . It has become synonymous with rugby as the only time when rugby was not played at Ellis Park was during 1980 and 1981 , when the stadium was under construction during the upgrade . The stadium was originally named after Mr J.D . Ellis , who made the area for the stadium available . A five-year ZAR 450 million ( US $ 58 million/£30 million ) naming rights deal was signed in 2008 with The Coca-Cola Company , resulting in the stadium being named Coca-Cola Park between 2008 and 2012 . League , provincial , and international football games have all been played at the stadium , and it has seen such teams as Brazil , Manchester United and Arsenal play . Ellis Park Stadium is the centerpiece of a sporting sector in the south-east of Johannesburg , where it neighbours Johannesburg Stadium ( athletics ) , Standard Bank Arena , Ellis Park Tennis Stadium , and an Olympic-class swimming pool . Ellis Park is home to the following teams :"}]}, {'value': 'Johannesburg , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gauteng', 'summary': "Gauteng ( /xaʊˈtɛŋ/ khow-TENG ; Tswana : Gauteng ; Sotho : Gauteng ; Zulu : eGoli ; Tsonga : Gauteng/eXilungwini ; Ndebele , Xhosa : iRhawuti ; Southern Ndebele : I-Gauteng ; Venda : Gauteng ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa . The name in Sotho-Tswana means place of gold . Situated in the Highveld , Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa , accounting for only 1.5% of the land area . Nevertheless , it is highly urbanised , containing the country 's largest city , Johannesburg , its administrative capital , Pretoria , and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark . As of 2019 [ update ] , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates ."}]}, {'value': 'Rugby union stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FNB Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FNB_Stadium', 'summary': "First National Bank Stadium or simply FNB Stadium , also known as Soccer City and The Calabash , is a stadium located in Nasrec , bordering the Soweto area of Johannesburg , South Africa . The venue is managed by Stadium Management South Africa ( SMSA ) and is a home of Kaizer Chiefs F.C . in the South African Premier Soccer League as well as key fixtures for the South African national football team . It is located next to the South African Football Association headquarters ( SAFA House ) where both the FIFA offices and the Local Organising Committee for the 2010 FIFA World Cup were housed . Designed as the main association football stadium for the World Cup , the FNB Stadium became the largest stadium in Africa with a capacity of 94,736 . However , its maximum capacity during the 2010 FIFA World Cup was 84,490 due to reserved seating for the press and other VIPs . The stadium is also known by its nickname The Calabash due to its resemblance to the African pot or gourd . It was the site of Nelson Mandela 's first speech in Johannesburg after his release from prison in 1990 , and served as the venue for a memorial service to him on 10 December 2013 . It was also the site of Chris Hani 's funeral . It was also the venue for the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final , which was played by the Netherlands and Spain . The World Cup closing ceremony on the day of the final saw the final public appearance of Mandela ."}]}, {'value': 'Johannesburg , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gauteng', 'summary': "Gauteng ( /xaʊˈtɛŋ/ khow-TENG ; Tswana : Gauteng ; Sotho : Gauteng ; Zulu : eGoli ; Tsonga : Gauteng/eXilungwini ; Ndebele , Xhosa : iRhawuti ; Southern Ndebele : I-Gauteng ; Venda : Gauteng ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa . The name in Sotho-Tswana means place of gold . Situated in the Highveld , Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa , accounting for only 1.5% of the land area . Nevertheless , it is highly urbanised , containing the country 's largest city , Johannesburg , its administrative capital , Pretoria , and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark . As of 2019 [ update ] , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates ."}]}, {'value': 'Football stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonsson Kings Park Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_Park_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Kings Park Stadium ( known as the Jonsson Kings Park Stadium for sponsorship reasons since March 8th 2018 ) , is a stadium located in the Kings Park Sporting Precinct in Durban , South Africa . The stadium was originally built with a capacity of 12,000 and opened in 1958 , extensively renovated in the 1980s and then again in time for the 1995 Rugby World Cup . It currently has a capacity of 52,000 and is the home ground of the Sharks . The stadium has also been used by Durban-based Premier Soccer League football ( soccer ) clubs , as well as for large football finals . It was previously also known as the ABSA Stadium ( between 2000 and 2010 ) , Mr Price Kings Park Stadium ( in 2011 and 2012 ) and Growthpoint Kings Park ( between 2013 and early 2018 ) due to sponsorship deals .'}]}, {'value': 'Durban , KwaZulu-Natal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durban', 'summary': "Durban ( Zulu : eThekwini , from itheku meaning bay/lagoon ) is the third most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal . Located on the east coast of South Africa , Durban is the busiest port in the country . It is also one of the major centres of tourism because of the city 's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches . Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , which includes neighboring towns and has a population of about 3.44 million , making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent . It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg . In May 2015 , Durban was officially recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders Cities , Durban was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal', 'summary': "KwaZulu-Natal ( /kwɑːˌzuːluː nəˈtɑːl/ ; also referred to as KZN and known as the garden province ; Zulu : iKwaZulu-Natali ; Xhosa : KwaZulu-Natal ; Afrikaans : KwaZoeloe-Natal ) is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ( Place of the Zulu in Zulu ) and Natal Province were merged . It is located in the southeast of the country , enjoying a long shoreline beside the Indian Ocean and sharing borders with three other provinces and the countries of Mozambique , Eswatini and Lesotho . Its capital is Pietermaritzburg and its largest city is Durban . It is the second most populous province in South Africa , with slightly fewer residents than Gauteng . During the 1830s and early 1840s , the northern part of what is now KwaZulu-Natal was occupied by the Zulu Kingdom while the southern part was , briefly , the Boer republic of Natalia before becoming , in 1843 , the British Colony of Natal . KwaZulu remained independent until 1879 . KwaZulu-Natal is the birthplace of many notable figures in South Africa 's history , such as Albert Luthuli , the first non-white and the first person from outside Europe and the Americas to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ( 1960 ) ; Pixley ka Isaka Seme , the founder of the African National Congress ( ANC ) and South Africa 's first black lawyer ; John Langalibalele Dube , the ANC 's founding president ; Harry Gwala , ANC member and anti-apartheid activist ; Mangosuthu Buthelezi , the founder of the Inkatha Freedom Party ( IFP ) ; Anton Lembede , the founding president of the ANC Youth League ; Jacob Zuma , the former President of South Africa ; Bhambatha , a 19th-century Zulu chief who became an anti-apartheid icon ; and Shaka Zulu . Two areas in KwaZulu-Natal have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Rugby union stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PPC Newlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newlands_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': "Newlands Cricket Ground ( known as PPC Newlands for sponsorship reasons ) in Cape Town is a South African cricket ground . It is the home of the Cape Cobras , who play in the Sunfoil Series , Momentum 1 Day Cup and RamSlam Pro20 competitions . It is also a venue for Test matches , ODIs and T20Is . Newlands is regarded as one of the most beautiful cricket grounds in the world , being overlooked by Table Mountain and Devil 's Peak . It is close to Newlands Stadium , which is a rugby union and football venue . The cricket ground opened in 1888 . In March 2019 , it was announced that the owners of Newlands Cricket Ground , the Western Province Cricket Association , went into partnership with Sanlam , to form a new office-block development as part of the cricket ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Cape Town , Western Cape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Town', 'summary': "Cape Town ( Afrikaans : Kaapstad ) [ ˈkɑːpstat ] ; Xhosa : iKapa ; Khoi-San : //Hui ! Gaeb ) is the second most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and also the legislative capital of South Africa . Colloquially named the Mother City , it is the largest city of the Western Cape province . It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality , The Parliament of South Africa sits in Cape Town . The other two capitals are located in Pretoria ( the executive capital where the Presidency is based ) and Bloemfontein ( the judicial capital where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located ) . The city is known for its harbour , for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region , and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point . Cape Town is home to 64% of the Western Cape 's population . The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design . In 2014 , Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both The New York Times and The Daily Telegraph. , Cape Town was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Located on the shore of Table Bay , Cape Town , as the oldest urban area in South Africa , was developed by the United East India Company ( VOC ) as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa , India , and the Far East . Jan van Riebeeck 's arrival on 6 April 1652 established VOC Cape Colony , the first permanent European settlement in South Africa . Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope , becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony . Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg , Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Western_Cape', 'summary': 'The Western Cape ( Afrikaans : Wes-Kaap ; Xhosa : iNtshona-Koloni ) is a province of South Africa , situated on the south-western coast of the country . It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of 129,449 square kilometres ( 49,981 sq mi ) , and the third most populous , with an estimated 6.6 million inhabitants in 2018 . About two-thirds of these inhabitants live in the metropolitan area of Cape Town , which is also the provincial capital . The Western Cape was created in 1994 from part of the former Cape Province , The two largest cities are Cape Town and George'}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DHL Newlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newlands_Rugby_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Newlands Stadium , currently referred to as DHL Newlands for sponsorship reasons , is located in Cape Town , South Africa . The stadium currently has a capacity of 51,900 people , but is not an all-seater venue . It is the oldest rugby stadium in South Africa and the second-oldest in the world . Various sports teams currently use the stadium as their home base , including :'}]}, {'value': 'Cape Town , Western Cape', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Town', 'summary': "Cape Town ( Afrikaans : Kaapstad ) [ ˈkɑːpstat ] ; Xhosa : iKapa ; Khoi-San : //Hui ! Gaeb ) is the second most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and also the legislative capital of South Africa . Colloquially named the Mother City , it is the largest city of the Western Cape province . It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality , The Parliament of South Africa sits in Cape Town . The other two capitals are located in Pretoria ( the executive capital where the Presidency is based ) and Bloemfontein ( the judicial capital where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located ) . The city is known for its harbour , for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region , and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point . Cape Town is home to 64% of the Western Cape 's population . The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design . In 2014 , Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both The New York Times and The Daily Telegraph. , Cape Town was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Located on the shore of Table Bay , Cape Town , as the oldest urban area in South Africa , was developed by the United East India Company ( VOC ) as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa , India , and the Far East . Jan van Riebeeck 's arrival on 6 April 1652 established VOC Cape Colony , the first permanent European settlement in South Africa . Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope , becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony . Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg , Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Western_Cape', 'summary': 'The Western Cape ( Afrikaans : Wes-Kaap ; Xhosa : iNtshona-Koloni ) is a province of South Africa , situated on the south-western coast of the country . It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of 129,449 square kilometres ( 49,981 sq mi ) , and the third most populous , with an estimated 6.6 million inhabitants in 2018 . About two-thirds of these inhabitants live in the metropolitan area of Cape Town , which is also the provincial capital . The Western Cape was created in 1994 from part of the former Cape Province , The two largest cities are Cape Town and George'}]}, {'value': 'Rugby stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sahara Stadium Kingsmead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kingsmead_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': "Kingsmead is a cricket ground in Durban , KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Its stated capacity is 25,000 , although grass terracing makes up part of the viewing area . The 'end names ' are the Umgeni End ( north ) and the Old Fort Road End ( south ) . It is the home ground of the KwaZulu-Natal Dolphins . When a Test series is played in South Africa , the ground usually hosts the Boxing Day Test and it has been announced it will no longer be hosting it on Boxing Day in the future . [ citation needed ] In October 2019 , Hollywoodbets was announced as the naming rights sponsor to the ground , with it now being known as Hollywoodbets Kingsmead Stadium until August 2024 ."}]}, {'value': 'Durban , KwaZulu-Natal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durban', 'summary': "Durban ( Zulu : eThekwini , from itheku meaning bay/lagoon ) is the third most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal . Located on the east coast of South Africa , Durban is the busiest port in the country . It is also one of the major centres of tourism because of the city 's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches . Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , which includes neighboring towns and has a population of about 3.44 million , making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent . It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg . In May 2015 , Durban was officially recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders Cities , Durban was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal', 'summary': "KwaZulu-Natal ( /kwɑːˌzuːluː nəˈtɑːl/ ; also referred to as KZN and known as the garden province ; Zulu : iKwaZulu-Natali ; Xhosa : KwaZulu-Natal ; Afrikaans : KwaZoeloe-Natal ) is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ( Place of the Zulu in Zulu ) and Natal Province were merged . It is located in the southeast of the country , enjoying a long shoreline beside the Indian Ocean and sharing borders with three other provinces and the countries of Mozambique , Eswatini and Lesotho . Its capital is Pietermaritzburg and its largest city is Durban . It is the second most populous province in South Africa , with slightly fewer residents than Gauteng . During the 1830s and early 1840s , the northern part of what is now KwaZulu-Natal was occupied by the Zulu Kingdom while the southern part was , briefly , the Boer republic of Natalia before becoming , in 1843 , the British Colony of Natal . KwaZulu remained independent until 1879 . KwaZulu-Natal is the birthplace of many notable figures in South Africa 's history , such as Albert Luthuli , the first non-white and the first person from outside Europe and the Americas to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ( 1960 ) ; Pixley ka Isaka Seme , the founder of the African National Congress ( ANC ) and South Africa 's first black lawyer ; John Langalibalele Dube , the ANC 's founding president ; Harry Gwala , ANC member and anti-apartheid activist ; Mangosuthu Buthelezi , the founder of the Inkatha Freedom Party ( IFP ) ; Anton Lembede , the founding president of the ANC Youth League ; Jacob Zuma , the former President of South Africa ; Bhambatha , a 19th-century Zulu chief who became an anti-apartheid icon ; and Shaka Zulu . Two areas in KwaZulu-Natal have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sahara Willowmoore Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willowmoore_Park', 'summary': "Willowmoore Park is a multi-purpose stadium in Benoni , South Africa . It is currently used mostly for cricket matches and hosted two matches during the 2003 Cricket World Cup . The stadium holds 20,000 people and opened in 1924 . After withdrawing their sponsorship from St George 's Park in Port Elizabeth , Sahara started sponsoring Willowmoore Park , thus for sponsorship reasons it is known as Sahara Willowmoore Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Benoni , Gauteng , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benoni,_Gauteng', 'summary': 'Benoni is a town in Ekurhuleni municipality , Gauteng , South Africa . Benoni was also the setting for the MTV-inspired movie Crazy Monkey : Straight Outta Benoni , released internationally in 2005 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gauteng', 'summary': "Gauteng ( /xaʊˈtɛŋ/ khow-TENG ; Tswana : Gauteng ; Sotho : Gauteng ; Zulu : eGoli ; Tsonga : Gauteng/eXilungwini ; Ndebele , Xhosa : iRhawuti ; Southern Ndebele : I-Gauteng ; Venda : Gauteng ) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa . The name in Sotho-Tswana means place of gold . Situated in the Highveld , Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa , accounting for only 1.5% of the land area . Nevertheless , it is highly urbanised , containing the country 's largest city , Johannesburg , its administrative capital , Pretoria , and other large areas such as Midrand and Vanderbijlpark . As of 2019 [ update ] , Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 15 million people according to estimates ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senwes Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Senwes_Park', 'summary': 'Senwes Cricket Stadium is a Cricket ground in Potchefstroom , North West Province , South Africa . It has hosted two Test matches , with the first in 2002 . The Highveld Lions also play some home matches here . It is also home to AFL South Africa , the Australian rules football body responsible for developing the game in that country and the stadium is home to the South African national Australian rules football team , the Lions . On 29 October 2017 , the venue hosted its first T20I match for South Africa against Bangladesh which was the 100th T20I for South Africa . As of 2008 , due to a naming rights agreement , the ground was renamed to Senwes Park . It had been known as Sedgars Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Potchefstroom , North West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Potchefstroom', 'summary': 'Potchefstroom ( Afrikaans pronunciation : [ /pɔt͡ʃɛfstruəm/ ] , colloquially Potch ) is an academic city in the North West Province of South Africa . It hosts the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University . Potchefstroom is on the Mooi Rivier ( Afrikaans for pretty ( or beautiful ) river ) , roughly 120 km ( 75 mi ) west-southwest of Johannesburg and 45 km ( 28 mi ) east-northeast of Klerksdorp . Potchefstroom , together with Rustenburg , is the second-largest city in the North West Province . The largest city , Klerksdorp , is about 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) away .'}, {'url': '/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)', 'summary': 'North West ( Tswana : Bokone Bophirima ; Southern Sotho : Leboya Bophirima ; Northern Sotho : Leboa-Bodikela ) is a province of South Africa . Its capital is Mahikeng . The province is located to the west of the major population centre of Gauteng .'}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SuperSport Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SuperSport_Park', 'summary': "Supersport Park is a cricket ground in Centurion , Gauteng , South Africa . It was renamed from Centurion Park after television company Supersport bought shares in the stadium . The capacity of the ground is 22,000 . The Titans cricket team , have played most of their home games here since 2004 . The ground was home to the Titan 's predecessor team Northerns ( cricket team ) ( previously Northern Transvaal ) since 1986 ."}]}, {'value': 'Centurion , Gauteng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centurion,_Gauteng', 'summary': 'Centurion ( previously known as Verwoerdburg and before that Lyttelton ) is an area with 236,580 ( 2011 Census ) inhabitants in Gauteng Province of South Africa , located between Pretoria and Midrand ( Johannesburg ) . Formerly an independent municipality , with its own town council , it has formed part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality since 2000 . Its heart is located at the intersection of the N1 and N14 freeways . The R21 also passes through Centurion . The Waterkloof Air Force Base , as well as the Swartkop Air Force Base ( which includes the South African Air Force Museum ) are located in Centurion .'}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vodacom Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Free_State_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Free State Stadium ( Afrikaans : Vrystaatstadion ) , currently known as the Toyota Stadium for sponsorship reasons and formerly known as Vodacom Park , is a stadium in Bloemfontein , South Africa , used mainly for rugby union and also sometimes for association football . It was originally built for the 1995 Rugby World Cup , and was one of the venues for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The primary rugby union tenants of the facility are :'}]}, {'value': 'Bloemfontein , Free State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bloemfontein', 'summary': "Bloemfontein ( /ˈbluːmfɒnteɪn/ ; Afrikaans : [ ˈblumfɔntəi̯n ] ; from ! Orakobab : ǀʼAuxa ǃXās Bloem 's fountain ; in Dutch : fountain of flowers or blooming fountain ; also known as Bloem ) is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa ; and , as the judicial capital of the nation , one of South Africa 's three national capitals ( the other two being Cape Town , the legislative capital , and Pretoria , the administrative capital ) and is the seventh largest city in South Africa . Situated at an elevation of 1,395 m ( 4,577 ft ) above sea level , the city is home to approximately 520,000 residents and forms part of the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality which has a population of 747,431 . It was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The city of Bloemfontein hosts the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa , the Franklin Game Reserve , Naval Hill , the Maselspoort Resort and the Sand du Plessis Theatre . The city hosts numerous museums , including the National Women 's Monument , the Anglo-Boer War Museum , the National Museum , and the Oliewenhuis Art Museum . Bloemfontein also host sub-Saharan Africa 's first digital planetarium , the Naval Hill Planetarium and Boyden Observatory , an astronomical research observatory erected by Harvard University . Bloemfontein is popularly and poetically known as the city of roses , for its abundance of these flowers and the annual rose festival held there . The city 's Sesotho name is Mangaung , meaning place of cheetahs . Its ! Orakobab name is ǀʼAuxa ǃXās or ǀKxʼauxa ǃXās ( Khoekhoegowab spelling : ǀAuxa ! Khās ) , which refers to Jan Bloem II , known as ! Xās-aob or Blumtseb who was a gaokxʼaob ( chief ) of the ǀŨdiǁʼaes ( Springbok Clan ) of the ! Ora ( Korana ) nation , whose kraal was the original settlement before the city was built ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Free_State_(South_African_province)', 'summary': "The Free State ( Sotho : Freistata ; Afrikaans : Vrystaat ; Xhosa : iFreyistata ; Tswana : Foreistata ; Zulu : iFuleyisitata ; before 1995 , the Orange Free State ) is a province of South Africa . Its capital is Bloemfontein , which is also South Africa 's judicial capital . Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later Orange Free State Province ."}]}, {'value': 'Cricket stadium', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Present naming rights -- South Africa', 'section_text': 'Outdoor stadiums are listed by their primary sport . Many stadiums regularly host matches in sports other than their primary ones ; this is especially true with regard to stadiums hosting rugby union and football ( soccer ) .', 'uid': 'List_of_sports_venues_with_sole_naming_rights_31', 'intro': 'The following is a list of sports venues with sole naming rights:'}
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Which rugby stadium is located in the city named the World Design Capital for 2014 ?
DHL Newlands
fec0790c83bb0c9d
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'title': 'Austria at the 1948 Winter Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trude Jochum-Beiser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trude_Jochum-Beiser', 'summary': 'Trude Beiser ( after her marriage Trude Jochum-Beiser ; born 2 September 1927 ) is a former alpine ski racer from Austria . Born in Lech am Arlberg in Vorarlberg , she won two Olympic gold medals and a world championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland , the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday , 2 February to Thursday , 5 February 1948 . After these games , the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . From 1956 through 1980 , the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships , using the results from three events , conducted as a paper race . Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events , with two golds and a bronze . Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals , a gold and a silver each . The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's combined", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franz Gabl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_Gabl', 'summary': 'Franz Gabl ( December 29 , 1921 - January 23 , 2014 ) was an Austrian alpine skier and Olympic medalist . He received a silver medal in the downhill at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland , the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday , 2 February to Thursday , 5 February 1948 . After these games , the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . From 1956 through 1980 , the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships , using the results from three events , conducted as a paper race . Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events , with two golds and a bronze . Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals , a gold and a silver each . The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trude Jochum-Beiser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trude_Jochum-Beiser', 'summary': 'Trude Beiser ( after her marriage Trude Jochum-Beiser ; born 2 September 1927 ) is a former alpine ski racer from Austria . Born in Lech am Arlberg in Vorarlberg , she won two Olympic gold medals and a world championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland , the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday , 2 February to Thursday , 5 February 1948 . After these games , the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . From 1956 through 1980 , the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships , using the results from three events , conducted as a paper race . Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events , with two golds and a bronze . Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals , a gold and a silver each . The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eva Pawlik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eva_Pawlik', 'summary': 'Eva Pawlik ( 4 October 1927 in Vienna - 31 July 1983 in Vienna ) was an Austrian figure skater ( European Champion , Olympic silver medalist ) , a show star , an actress and the world´s first lady figure skater to be a TV figure skating commentator ( sportscaster on TV ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Rink in St. Moritz , Switzerland . Three figure skating events were contested : men 's singles , ladies ' singles , and pair skating ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Resi Hammerer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Resi_Hammerer', 'summary': 'Therese Resi Hammerer ( 18 February 1925 - 14 June 2010 ) was an Austrian alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics . She was born in Mittelberg . In 1948 she won the bronze medal in the downhill event . In the slalom competition she finished seventh and in the Alpine combined contest she finished twelfth .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland , the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday , 2 February to Thursday , 5 February 1948 . After these games , the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . From 1956 through 1980 , the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships , using the results from three events , conducted as a paper race . Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events , with two golds and a bronze . Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals , a gold and a silver each . The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's downhill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erika Mahringer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erika_Mahringer', 'summary': "Erika Riki Mahringer ( 16 November 1924 - 30 October 2018 ) was an Austrian alpine skier who competed in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics . In 1948 she won the bronze medal in the slalom event as well as in the Alpine combined competition . In the downhill contest she finished 19th . Four years later she finished fourth in the 1952 Olympic downhill event . In the same year she finished 17th in the giant slalom competition and 22nd in the slalom contest . Mahringer earned silver medals in the FIS Alpine Skiing World Championships 1950 at Aspen ( slalom and downhill ) , and in the giant slalom she finished fourth . She was a six time Austrian Champion ( downhill 1948 , 1951 , 1952 ; slalom 1951 ; giant slalom 1951 ; Alpine Combined 1951 ) . In 1951 , she was named Austrian Sports Personality of the Year . Mahringer was born in Linz . She wed fellow skier Ernst Spiess in 1954 . Together they founded the Mayrhofen Ski School . In 1955 , they opened Rikis Skikindergarten , the world 's first children 's ski school ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland , the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday , 2 February to Thursday , 5 February 1948 . After these games , the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . From 1956 through 1980 , the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships , using the results from three events , conducted as a paper race . Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events , with two golds and a bronze . Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals , a gold and a silver each . The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erika Mahringer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erika_Mahringer', 'summary': "Erika Riki Mahringer ( 16 November 1924 - 30 October 2018 ) was an Austrian alpine skier who competed in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics . In 1948 she won the bronze medal in the slalom event as well as in the Alpine combined competition . In the downhill contest she finished 19th . Four years later she finished fourth in the 1952 Olympic downhill event . In the same year she finished 17th in the giant slalom competition and 22nd in the slalom contest . Mahringer earned silver medals in the FIS Alpine Skiing World Championships 1950 at Aspen ( slalom and downhill ) , and in the giant slalom she finished fourth . She was a six time Austrian Champion ( downhill 1948 , 1951 , 1952 ; slalom 1951 ; giant slalom 1951 ; Alpine Combined 1951 ) . In 1951 , she was named Austrian Sports Personality of the Year . Mahringer was born in Linz . She wed fellow skier Ernst Spiess in 1954 . Together they founded the Mayrhofen Ski School . In 1955 , they opened Rikis Skikindergarten , the world 's first children 's ski school ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland , the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday , 2 February to Thursday , 5 February 1948 . After these games , the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . From 1956 through 1980 , the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships , using the results from three events , conducted as a paper race . Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events , with two golds and a bronze . Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals , a gold and a silver each . The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's combined", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edi Rada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edi_Rada', 'summary': 'Edi Rada ( 13 September 1922 - 13 July 1997 ) was an Austrian figure skater . He won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and was the 1949 European Champion . He won a bronze medal at the 1949 World Figure Skating Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Rink in St. Moritz , Switzerland . Three figure skating events were contested : men 's singles , ladies ' singles , and pair skating ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Austria_at_the_1948_Winter_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Austria competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland.'}
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Which person winning a bronze medal in alpine skiing was younger ?
Resi Hammerer
fec08ef9199adfde
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Houston', 'title': 'Sports in Houston', 'header': ['Event', 'Month', 'Sport', 'Venue', 'Established'], 'data': [{'value': 'Houston Marathon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Marathon', 'summary': "The Houston Marathon is an annual marathon held every January in Houston , Texas . With thousands of runners and spectators , it is the largest single day sporting event in the city . It is run concurrently with a half marathon and a 5 km race . The 2007 race included the first-ever satellite running of the event , run simultaneously in Fallujah , Iraq . The first marathon , run on December 30 , 1972 , featured 113 runners and a crowd of approximately 200 people . The 2014 edition included a 5K event run Saturday , January 18th and the marathon and half marathon run on Sunday , January 19th . The 5K event had close to 5,000 runners while the marathon and half marathon had nearly 13,000 runners each . The races bring crowds of nearly one half million to view the runners . The 1979 edition of the competition hosted the national marathon championship race for men and women . Houston was selected for the women 's Olympic Trials in 1992 and held the USATF women 's marathon championship in 1998 . The half marathon course hosted the USATF Men 's Half Marathon Championship from 2005 to 2008 , and also hosted the women 's event in 2007 and 2008 . The 2012 U.S Olympic Marathon Trials for both men and women were held the Saturday prior to the Sunday races ."}]}, {'value': 'January', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Running', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running', 'summary': "Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot . Running is a type of gait characterized by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground ( though there are exceptions ) . This is in contrast to walking , where one foot is always in contact with the ground , the legs are kept mostly straight and the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted pendulum fashion . A feature of a running body from the viewpoint of spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy within a stride occur simultaneously , with energy storage accomplished by springy tendons and passive muscle elasticity . The term running can refer to any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting . Running in humans is associated with improved health and life expectancy . It is assumed that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago , probably in order to hunt animals . Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various areas . Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann Games in Ireland between 632 BCE and 1171 BCE , while the first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE . Running has been described as the world 's most accessible sport ."}]}, {'value': 'Convention Center and streets of Houston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center', 'summary': "The George R. Brown Convention Center , opened on September 26 , 1987 , is located on the east side of Downtown Houston , Texas , United States . The center was named for internationally recognized entrepreneur , engineer , civic leader , philanthropist and Houstonian George Rufus Brown ( 1898-1983 ) . George and his brother , Herman , turned Brown & Root into the world 's largest construction and engineering company . Later , he and investors founded , Texas Eastern Transmission Company , which donated six of the 11 blocks required to build the GRB . The center is owned by the City of Houston and managed by the Houston First Corporation . The facility was completed with a price tag of $ 104.9 million , requiring 30 months and more than 1,200 workers . The 100-foot ( 30 m ) high red-white-and-blue building replaced the obsolete Albert Thomas Convention Center , which was later redeveloped into the Bayou Place entertainment complex in the downtown Houston Theater District . It is the first convention center in the world to have a permanent Bitcoin ATM . The convention center is served by METRORail light rail service at Convention District station ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houston College Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_College_Classic', 'summary': 'The Shriners Hospitals for Children College Classic is an annual six-team college baseball tournament held in Houston and hosted by the Astros Foundation . The 15th annual tournament was held at Minute Maid Park in March 2015 . It was initially called Astros College Classic from 2001 through 2002 , the Minute Maid Park College Classic from 2003 through 2007 , and the Houston College Classic from 2008 through 2015 . In December 2015 , the Astros Foundation and Shriners Hospitals for Children announced a multi-year naming rights agreement for the tournament , rebranding the event the Shriners Hospitals for Children College Classic . As part of the agreement with Shriners Hospitals for Children , the Astros Foundation announced that the 2016 Shriners Hospitals for Children College Classic would be nationally televised for the first time in history on MLB Network .'}]}, {'value': 'February', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baseball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baseball', 'summary': "Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding . The game proceeds when a player on the fielding team , called the pitcher , throws a ball which a player on the batting team tries to hit with a bat . The objective of the offensive team ( batting team ) is to hit the ball into the field of play , allowing its players to run the bases , having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called runs . The objective of the defensive team ( fielding team ) is to prevent batters from becoming runners , and to prevent runners ' advance around the bases . A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate ( the place where the player started as a batter ) . The team that scores the most runs by the end of the game is the winner . The first objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely . A player on the batting team who reaches first base without being called out can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner , either immediately or during teammates ' turns batting . The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners out , which forces them out of the field of play . Both the pitcher and fielders have methods of getting the batting team 's players out . The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding ; the batting team 's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs . One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning ."}]}, {'value': 'Minute Maid Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park', 'summary': "Minute Maid Park , previously known as The Ballpark at Union Station , Enron Field , and Astros Field , is a ballpark in Downtown Houston , Texas , United States , that opened in 2000 as the home stadium for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . The ballpark is Houston 's first retractable-roofed stadium , and features a natural grass playing field . The ballpark was built as a replacement of the Astrodome , the first domed sports stadium ever built , which opened in 1965 . It is named for beverage brand Minute Maid , a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company , which acquired naming rights in 2002 for $ 100 million over 30 years . As of 2016 , Minute Maid Park has a seating capacity of 41,168 , which includes 5,197 club seats and 63 luxury suites ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo', 'summary': "The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo , also called RodeoHouston or abbreviated HLSR , is the largest indoor livestock exhibition and rodeo in the world . It includes one of the richest regular-season professional rodeo events . It has been held at NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas , since 2003 . It was previously held in the Astrodome . It is considered to be the city 's signature event , much like New Orleans 's Mardi Gras , Dallas 's Texas State Fair , San Diego 's Comic-Con and New York City 's New Year 's Eve at Times Square . In 2017 , attendance reached a record high of 2,611,176 people and 33,000 volunteers . In 2007 , the rodeo was deemed the year of the volunteer . The event is 20 days long . It is kicked off by the Downtown Rodeo Roundup held near Houston City Hall , the Downtown Rodeo parade , and the ConocoPhillips Rodeo Run - a 10k and 5k walk & run and the World 's Championship Bar-B-Que Contest . The show features championship rodeo action , livestock competitions , concerts , a carnival , pig racing , barbecue and the Rodeo Uncorked ! International Wine Competition , shopping , sales and livestock auctions . Traditional trail rides , which start in different areas of Texas and end in Houston , precede the Rodeo events ."}]}, {'value': 'February / March', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rodeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodeo', 'summary': "Rodeo ( /ˈroʊdiːoʊ/ or /roʊˈdeɪ.oʊ/ ) is a competitive sport that arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain , Mexico , and later Central America , South America , the United States , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , and the Philippines . It was based on the skills required of the working vaqueros in the charreria and later , cowboys , in what today is the western United States , western Canada , and northern Mexico . Today , it is a sporting event that involves horses and other livestock , designed to test the skill and speed of the cowboys and cowgirls . American style professional rodeos generally comprise the following events : tie-down roping , team roping , steer wrestling , saddle bronc riding , bareback bronc riding , bull riding and barrel racing . The events are divided into two basic categories : the rough stock events and the timed events . Depending on sanctioning organization and region , other events such as breakaway roping , goat tying , and pole bending may also be a part of some rodeos . American rodeo , particularly popular today within the Canadian province of Alberta and throughout the western United States , is the official state sport of Wyoming , South Dakota , and Texas . The iconic silhouette image of a Bucking Horse and Rider is a federal and state-registered trademark of the State of Wyoming . The Legislative Assembly of Alberta has considered making American rodeo the official sport of that province . However , enabling legislation has yet to be passed . In the United States , professional rodeos are governed and sanctioned by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association ( PRCA ) and Women 's Professional Rodeo Association ( WPRA ) , while other associations govern children 's , high school , collegiate , semi-professional and senior rodeos . Associations also exist for Native Americans and other minority groups ."}]}, {'value': 'NRG Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NRG_Park', 'summary': "NRG Park ( formerly Reliant Park and Astrodomain ) is a complex in Houston , Texas , USA , named after the energy company NRG Energy . It is located on Kirby Drive at the South Loop West Freeway ( I-610 ) . This complex of buildings encompasses 350 acres ( 1.4 km2 ) of land and consists of four venues : NRG Stadium , NRG Center , NRG Arena and the NRG Astrodome . The complex hosts many sporting events and conventions each year , the largest of which are Houston Texans home games , and the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo . The complex is served by the Stadium Park / Astrodome station , a light rail station on the Red Line of the METRORail light rail system . It also includes one of the world 's largest parking lots ( holding 26,000 total ) and sees nearly 750 events yearly . Until 2005 , the lot also served as a parking lot for Six Flags Astroworld , which has since closed ."}]}, {'value': '1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shell Houston Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shell_Houston_Open', 'summary': "The Houston Open is a professional golf tournament in Texas on the PGA Tour , played in early October . As a part of a restructuring of the schedule , the event moved to the fall in 2019 . Because the tour year starts the previous fall , the event will not be a part of the 2019 PGA Tour , but will be one of the first events of the 2020 PGA Tour . It is held at the Golf Club of Houston ( formerly named Redstone Golf Club ) in unincorparted Harris County near Humble , northeast of Houston . The purse was $ 7 million in 2017 , with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million ."}]}, {'value': 'March', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PGA golf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PGA_Tour', 'summary': "The PGA Tour ( stylized in all capital letters as PGA TOUR by its officials ) is the organizer of the main professional golf tours played primarily by men in the United States and North America . It organizes most of the events on the flagship annual series of tournaments also known as the PGA Tour , as well as PGA Tour Champions ( for golfers age 50 and older ) and the Korn Ferry Tour ( for professional players who have not yet qualified to play in the PGA Tour ) , as well as PGA Tour Canada , PGA Tour Latinoamérica , and PGA Tour China . The PGA Tour is a nonprofit organization headquartered in Ponte Vedra Beach , Florida , a suburb of Jacksonville . Originally established by the Professional Golfers ' Association of America , it was spun off in December 1968 into a separate organization for tour players , as opposed to club professionals , the focal members of today 's PGA of America . Originally the Tournament Players Division , it adopted the name PGA Tour in 1975 and runs most of the week-to-week professional golf events on the tournament known as the PGA Tour , including The Players Championship , hosted at TPC Sawgrass ; the FedEx Cup , with its finale at The Tour Championship at East Lake Golf Club ; and the biennial Presidents Cup . The remaining events on the PGA Tour are run by different organizations , as are the U.S.-based LPGA Tour for women and other men 's and women 's professional tours around the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Golf', 'summary': "Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible . Golf , unlike most ball games , can not and does not utilize a standardized playing area , and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game . The game at the usual level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes , though recreational courses can be smaller , often having nine holes . Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from , and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup 4 1⁄4 inches ( 11 cm ) in diameter . There are other standard forms of terrain in between , such as the fairway , rough ( long grass ) , bunkers ( or sand traps ) , and various hazards ( water , rocks ) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement . Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual , known as stroke play , or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team , known as match play . Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels , but most especially at the elite level . The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland . The 18-hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764 . Golf 's first major , and the world 's oldest tournament in existence , is The Open Championship , also known as the British Open , which was first played in 1860 in Ayrshire , Scotland . This is one of the four major championships in men 's professional golf , the other three being played in the United States : The Masters , the U.S. Open , and the PGA Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Golf Club of Houston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Golf_Club_of_Houston', 'summary': 'The Golf Club of Houston is a private golf club in unincorporated Harris County , Texas , near Humble and northeast of Houston . The club contains two 18-hole courses ; the Member Course is private , while the Tournament Course is open to the public . The Tournament Course was designed by Rees Jones and tour pro David Toms . The club has hosted the Houston Open since 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': "U.S. Men 's Clay Court Championships", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/U.S._Men's_Clay_Court_Championships", 'summary': "The U.S. Men 's Clay Court Championship is an annual ATP Tour tennis tournament that started in 1910 . It is the last remaining ATP World Tour-level tournament in the United States to be played on clay courts . The tournament began in 1910 when the Western Lawn Tennis Association ( a section of the United States Lawn Tennis Association now known as the USTA/Midwest ) lobbied the USLTA that a National Clay Court Championship would help promote the establishment of more clay courts in the West . Clay courts were more economical to install and maintain than grass courts , and the hope was that the lower costs associated with court construction would allow for a more rapid expansion of the game . The first National Clay Court Championships were held at the Omaha Field Club with a crowd of 5,000 watching the finals . Participation and play on clay grew as a result of the event and others , and in 1914 the event was moved to the Cincinnati Tennis Club . It has since been played in numerous cities , with long stints in River Forest and Indianapolis , and is today held in Houston , Texas . Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour as part of the Grand Prix Super Series of events ( 1974-1977 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'April', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennis', 'summary': "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent ( singles ) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles ) . Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent 's court . The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return . The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point , while the opposite player will . Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket , including wheelchair users . The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham , England , in the late 19th century as lawn tennis . It had close connections both to various field ( lawn ) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis . During most of the 19th century , in fact , the term tennis referred to real tennis , not lawn tennis . The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s . Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times , and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s . A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system , which allows a player to contest the line call of a point , a system known as Hawk-Eye ."}]}, {'value': 'River Oaks Country Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/River_Oaks_Country_Club', 'summary': 'River Oaks Country Club is a country club in the southern United States , located in the River Oaks neighborhood of Houston , Texas . The club has hosted the River Oaks International Tennis Tournament since 1931 . Often called the Classiest Club In Houston River Oaks is known for its philanthropic and community-leading membership and its beautiful views . It is extremely exclusive . It is located at 1600 River Oaks Boulevard , Houston TX 77019 .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U.S. international rugby match', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'June', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rugby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_United_States', 'summary': 'Rugby union in the United States is a growing national sport . Rugby union at the youth , high school , college , amateur club , professional , and international levels is governed by USA Rugby . There are over 125,000 players registered with USA Rugby as of 2016 . Over 2,500 rugby clubs exist around the country , including those of whom are part of college rugby . Professional club competition exists as Major League Rugby . There are several other high-profile rugby competitions in the U.S. As international competition , the USA Sevens is held every February at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas , and draws over 60,000 fans and is broadcast on NBC . The U.S. national team hosts international matches every June , with attendances around 20,000 . Collegiately , the Collegiate Rugby Championship is held every June at Talen Energy Stadium in the Philadelphia suburb of Chester , Pennsylvania , and draws around 20,000 fans and is broadcast on NBC .'}]}, {'value': 'BBVA Compass Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBVA_Compass_Stadium', 'summary': "BBVA Stadium ( formerly BBVA Compass Stadium ) is an American multi-purpose stadium located in Houston , Texas that is home to the Houston Dynamo , a Major League Soccer club , the Houston Dash of the National Women 's Soccer League , and to Texas Southern Tigers football . The stadium is the result of combined commitments of $ 35.5 million from the city of Houston and $ 60 million from the Houston Dynamo . Harris County agreed to pay for half of the land in exchange for the ability to jointly own the stadium after its completion date in May 2012 . BBVA , Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria , is the stadium 's sponsor company . The stadium is located on a tract of land bordered by Texas , Walker , Emancipation , and Hutchins in East Downtown and east of Interstate 69/U.S . Route 59 and Downtown Houston ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Texas Bowl is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I FBS college football bowl game first held in 2006 in Houston , Texas . The bowl replaced the defunct Houston Bowl , which played annually from 2000 to 2005 , and before that the Bluebonnet Bowl , the first bowl game in Houston , played from 1959 through 1987 . Since 2017 , the game has been sponsored by Academy Sports + Outdoors and officially known as the Academy Sports + Outdoors Texas Bowl . The game was previous the AdvoCare V100 Texas Bowl from 2014 to 2016 , with AdvoCare as the title sponsor . From 2011 to 2012 , the game was sponsored by Meineke Car Care and officially known as the Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas .'}]}, {'value': 'December', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_football', 'summary': "American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron , [ nb 1 ] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with possession of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it , while the defense , the team without possession of the ball , aims to stop the offense 's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays ; if they fail , they turn over the football to the defense , but if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive . Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of soccer and rugby . The first American football match was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the Father of American Football , established the snap , the line of scrimmage , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs . Later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football . The sport is closely related to Canadian football , which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game ( although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp 's ) . Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football . The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football ."}]}, {'value': 'NRG Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NRG_Stadium', 'summary': "NRG Stadium ( pronounced as N-R-G Stadium ) , formerly Reliant Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Houston , Texas , United States . It was constructed at the cost of $ 352 million and has a seating capacity of 71,995 . It was the first NFL facility to have a retractable roof . The stadium is the home of the National Football League 's Houston Texans , the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo , the Texas Bowl , many of the United States men 's national soccer team 's matches , Mexico national football team friendlies where El Tri serves as the host , and other events . The stadium served as the host facility for Super Bowls XXXVIII ( 2004 ) and LI ( 2017 ) , and WrestleMania XXV ( 2009 ) . NRG Stadium is part of a collection of venues ( including the Astrodome ) , which are collectively called NRG Park . The entire complex is named for NRG Energy under a 32-year , US $ 300 million naming rights deal in 2000 ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayou Bucket Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bayou_Bucket_Classic', 'summary': "The Bayou Bucket Classic is the name given to the Houston-Rice football rivalry . It is an annual college football game between rivals , the Houston Cougars and the Rice Owls , as a part of the Houston-Rice rivalry . The name of the game is a reference to one of Houston 's popular nicknames as the Bayou City . Although a series between the two teams has existed since 1971 , an award for the winner of each meeting was not official until 1974 . The series signifies a college and crosstown rivalry . From 1999 to 2001 Southwestern Bell was the title sponsor for the series , and it was branded as the Southwestern Bell Bayou Bucket Classic . From 2002 to 2005 , Houston-based Administaff sponsored the series , and it was branded as the Administaff Bayou Bucket Classic . During the 1996 to 1998 football seasons , the series was on hiatus while the teams realigned themselves with other conferences after the demise of the Southwest Conference . The game for the Bayou Bucket in 1995 was the final game in the history of Southwest Conference football ."}]}, {'value': 'Varies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_football', 'summary': "American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron , [ nb 1 ] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with possession of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it , while the defense , the team without possession of the ball , aims to stop the offense 's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays ; if they fail , they turn over the football to the defense , but if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive . Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of soccer and rugby . The first American football match was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the Father of American Football , established the snap , the line of scrimmage , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs . Later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football . The sport is closely related to Canadian football , which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game ( although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp 's ) . Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football . The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football ."}]}, {'value': 'Rice Stadium , TDECU Stadium , or NRG Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)', 'summary': 'Rice Stadium is an American football stadium located on the Rice University campus in Houston , Texas . It has been the home of the Rice Owls football team since its completion in 1950 and hosted Super Bowl VIII in 1974 . Architecturally , Rice Stadium is an example of modern architecture , with simple lines and an unadorned , functional design . The lower seating bowl is located below the surrounding ground level . Built solely for football , the stadium has excellent sightlines from almost every seat . To achieve this , the running track was eliminated so that spectators were closer to the action and each side of the upper decks was brought in at a concave angle to provide better sightlines . It is still recognized in many circles as the best stadium in Texas for watching a football game . Entrances and aisles were strategically placed so that the entire stadium could be emptied of spectators in nine minutes . In 2006 , Rice University upgraded the facility by switching from AstroTurf to FieldTurf and adding a modern scoreboard above the north concourse . Seating in the upper deck is in poor condition , which led the university to move home games for which large crowds were expected to nearby NRG Stadium . High school football games , especially neutral-site playoff games , are frequently played at Rice Stadium . It can also be used as a concert venue .'}, {'url': '/wiki/TDECU_Stadium', 'summary': "John O'Quinn Field at TDECU Stadium is an American football stadium on the campus of the University of Houston . The stadium serves as the home of the Houston Cougars football team , which represents the University of Houston in collegiate football and the Houston Roughnecks of the XFL . On April 26th , 2020 , the stadium will host the XFL championship . TDECU Stadium was built on the former site of Robertson Stadium , which was the intermittent home of the school 's football program since 1946 . Its official name is derived from Texas Dow Employees Credit Union ( TDECU ) , the largest credit union in Houston , which purchased its naming rights in what was then the largest-ever naming rights deal for a college football stadium . Plans for a new or renovated football venue were developed by the university 's athletics department and their contractors as early as 2010 . Demolition of Robertson Stadium began on December 3 , 2012 , and the official groundbreaking for the new stadium was celebrated on February 8 , 2013 . TDECU Stadium cost US $ 128 million to build . The University of Houston opened the new stadium on Friday , August 29 , 2014 in a contest with UT-San Antonio ."}, {'url': '/wiki/NRG_Stadium', 'summary': "NRG Stadium ( pronounced as N-R-G Stadium ) , formerly Reliant Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Houston , Texas , United States . It was constructed at the cost of $ 352 million and has a seating capacity of 71,995 . It was the first NFL facility to have a retractable roof . The stadium is the home of the National Football League 's Houston Texans , the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo , the Texas Bowl , many of the United States men 's national soccer team 's matches , Mexico national football team friendlies where El Tri serves as the host , and other events . The stadium served as the host facility for Super Bowls XXXVIII ( 2004 ) and LI ( 2017 ) , and WrestleMania XXV ( 2009 ) . NRG Stadium is part of a collection of venues ( including the Astrodome ) , which are collectively called NRG Park . The entire complex is named for NRG Energy under a 32-year , US $ 300 million naming rights deal in 2000 ."}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SWAC Championship Game', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SWAC_Championship_Game', 'summary': 'The SWAC Championship Game is an American college football game that is held annually on the first Saturday in December by the Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) to determine its football champion . The game pits the champion of the Eastern Division against the champion of the Western Division in a game that follows the conclusion of the regular season . From 2015 onward , the winner of the game has represented the SWAC in the Celebration Bowl . As of the 2019 season , the game is sponsored by Cricket Wireless . The game was held at Legion Field in Birmingham , Alabama , from 1999 through 2012 , and moved to NRG Stadium in Houston , Texas , for the 2013 through 2017 playings . Since 2018 , the game has been played at a campus site , hosted by the participant with the higher ranking .'}]}, {'value': 'December', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_football', 'summary': "American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron , [ nb 1 ] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with possession of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it , while the defense , the team without possession of the ball , aims to stop the offense 's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays ; if they fail , they turn over the football to the defense , but if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive . Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of soccer and rugby . The first American football match was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the Father of American Football , established the snap , the line of scrimmage , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs . Later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football . The sport is closely related to Canadian football , which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game ( although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp 's ) . Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football . The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football ."}]}, {'value': 'NRG Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NRG_Stadium', 'summary': "NRG Stadium ( pronounced as N-R-G Stadium ) , formerly Reliant Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Houston , Texas , United States . It was constructed at the cost of $ 352 million and has a seating capacity of 71,995 . It was the first NFL facility to have a retractable roof . The stadium is the home of the National Football League 's Houston Texans , the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo , the Texas Bowl , many of the United States men 's national soccer team 's matches , Mexico national football team friendlies where El Tri serves as the host , and other events . The stadium served as the host facility for Super Bowls XXXVIII ( 2004 ) and LI ( 2017 ) , and WrestleMania XXV ( 2009 ) . NRG Stadium is part of a collection of venues ( including the Astrodome ) , which are collectively called NRG Park . The entire complex is named for NRG Energy under a 32-year , US $ 300 million naming rights deal in 2000 ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SWAC Basketball Tournament', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama , which is made up of historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southern United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I for all sports ; in football , it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , formerly referred to as Division I-AA . The SWAC is widely considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with professional sports teams , particularly in football . On the gridiron , the conference has been the biggest draw on the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) level of the NCAA , leading the nation in average home attendance every year except one since FCS has been in existence . In 1994 , the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games ."}]}, {'value': 'March', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball', 'summary': "Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 inches ( 24 cm ) in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 inches ( 46 cm ) in diameter mounted 10 feet ( 3.048 m ) high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop . A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three . After a foul , timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or more one-point free throws . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but if regulation play expires with the score tied , an additional period of play ( overtime ) is mandated . Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) or by passing it to a teammate , both of which require considerable skill . On offense , players may use a variety of shots - the lay-up , the jump shot , or a dunk ; on defense , they may steal the ball from a dribbler , intercept passes , or block shots ; either offense or defense may collect a rebound , that is , a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard . It is a violation to lift or drag one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The five players on each side at a time fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the center , the tallest and strongest is the power forward , a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward , and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard , who implements the coach 's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Informally , players may play three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one . Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield , Massachusetts , United States , basketball has evolved to become one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity , salaries , talent , and level of competition . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas ."}]}, {'value': 'Toyota Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toyota_Center', 'summary': 'Toyota Center is an indoor arena located in downtown Houston , Texas . It is named after the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota . The arena is home to the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association , and it was once the home of the Houston Aeros of the American Hockey League . Rockets owner Leslie Alexander first began to request a new arena in 1995 , and attempted to release the Rockets from their lease at The Summit , which ran until 2003 . However , he was denied by arena owner Chuck Watson , then-owner of the Aeros , who also wanted control of a new arena . The two sides agreed to equal control over an arena in a deal signed in 1997 , but the proposal was rejected by city voters in a 1999 referendum . It was not until the city and the Rockets signed an amended agreement in 2001 , excluding the Aeros , that the proposal was accepted . Construction began in July 2001 , and the new arena was officially opened in October 2003 . The total costs were $ 235 million , with the city of Houston paying the majority , and the Rockets paying for enhancements . Toyota paid US $ 100 million for the naming rights .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Annual events', 'section_text': "Houston hosts annual sporting events such as the PGA Tour 's Shell Houston Open , the college football Texas Bowl , and college baseball 's Houston College Classic . Since 1971 , Houston 's two NCAA Division I FBS football teams , the Rice Owls and Houston Cougars have faced off in the annual Bayou Bucket Classic . Since 1985 , the Texas Southern Tigers and Prairie View A & M Panthers compete in the annual Labor Day Classic . Every June since 2012 , the U.S. national rugby team has played an international match against a top European team at BBVA Stadium , breaking attendance records for rugby matches in the U.S. [ 3 ] The U.S. Men 's Clay Court Championships , a ATP World Tour 250 series tournament , has been held in Houston since 2001 From 1998 to 2001 , the CART World Series held the Grand Prix of Houston auto race on downtown streets . CART 's successor series , Champ Car , revived the race for 2006 and 2007 on the streets surrounding Reliant Park . The race was discontinued again in 2008 , following Champ Car 's merger with the rival IndyCar Series . The Grand Prix of Houston returned for the 2013 season . In motorcycling , the Astrodome hosted an AMA Supercross Championship round from 1974 to 2003 and the NRG Stadium since 2003 . Several annual sporting events are no longer held in Houston . The Virginia Slims of Houston was a women 's tennis tournament held from 1970 to 1995 as part of the WTA Tour . The final official event of the LPGA golf season , the LPGA Tour Championship , was held in Houston in 2009 , but moved to Orlando , Florida in 2010 .", 'uid': 'Sports_in_Houston_1', 'intro': 'The city of Houston and the Houston metropolitan area has a rich sporting culture and the area residents are active in many spectator and participant sports. Spectators attend events including teams from four major professional sports teams and collegiate sports. Participants enjoy activities from running in Memorial Park to sailing on Galveston Bay and Clear Lake. A number of other sports are also available, including nearly a dozen fencing clubs, ranging from recreational clubs to elite competitive organizations.'}
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What was the name of the company that from 2011 to 2012 sponsored the Houston event that is held in the month of December at the stadium that was formerly called Reliant Stadium ?
Meineke Car Care
fec091a7a4eb4518
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chippewa_County,_Wisconsin', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Chippewa County, Wisconsin', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bridge Street Commercial Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridge_Street_Commercial_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Bridge Street Commercial Historic District is located in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'June 24 , 1994 ( # 94000648 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly Bridge St. from Columbia to Spring Sts . 44°56′12″N 91°23′34″W / 44.936667°N 91.392778°W / 44.936667 ; -91.392778 ( Bridge Street Commercial Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '33 contributing properties built from 1873 to 1943 , including the Romanesque Revival First National Bank built in 1873 , several Italianate buildings from the 1880s , the 1890 Caesar Harness Shop , and the 1908 Neoclassical Federal Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romanesque_Revival', 'summary': 'Romanesque Revival ( or Neo-Romanesque ) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture . Unlike the historic Romanesque style , however , Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts . An early variety of Romanesque Revival style known as Rundbogenstil ( Round-arched style ) was popular in German lands and in the German diaspora beginning in the 1830s . By far the most prominent and influential American architect working in a free Romanesque manner was Henry Hobson Richardson . In the United States , the style derived from examples set by him are termed Richardsonian Romanesque , of which not all are Romanesque Revival . Romanesque Revival is also sometimes referred to as the Norman style or Lombard style , particularly in works published during the 19th century after variations of historic Romanesque that were developed by the Normans and Lombards , respectively . Like its influencing Romanesque style , the Romanesque Revival style was widely used for churches , and occasionally for synagogues such as the New Synagogue of Strasbourg built in 1898 , and the Congregation Emanu-El of New York built in 1929 . The style was quite popular for university campuses in the late 19th and early 20th century , especially in the United States and Canada ; well known examples can be found at the University of California , Los Angeles , University of Southern California , Tulane University , University of Denver , University of Toronto , and Wayne State University .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Italianate_architecture', 'summary': "The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Shoe Manufacturing Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Boots', 'summary': "Chippewa Boots , originally known as Chippewa Shoe Manufacturing Company , is a manufacturer of footwear , principally men 's work and recreational boots . It also manufactures a limited line of heavy and casual shoes , and some women 's footwear . It was founded in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin , in 1901 . In 1984 it was acquired by Justin Brands , which was in turn acquired by Berkshire Hathaway in August 2000 . Other companies under Justin Brands include Justin Boots , Justin Original Workboots , Nocona Boots , and Tony Lama Boots ."}]}, {'value': 'March 7 , 1994 ( # 94000133 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 W. River St. 44°56′04″N 91°23′30″W / 44.934444°N 91.391667°W / 44.934444 ; -91.391667 ( Chippewa Shoe Manufacturing Company )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': "Four-story brick shoe factory built in 1910 and operated until 1974 , at its peak employing 175 and producing 1500 pairs of shoes and boots per day . The one survivor of five shoe factories that diversified Chippewa 's economy as lumbering waned", 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cook-Rutledge House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cook-Rutledge_House', 'summary': 'The Cook Rutledge House is a historic Italianate-style house located in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 7 , 1974 ( # 74000060 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '505 W. Grand Ave. 44°55′56″N 91°23′57″W / 44.932222°N 91.399167°W / 44.932222 ; -91.399167 ( Cook-Rutledge House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'This High Victorian - Italianate mansion was started in 1873 by James M. Bingham lawyer and lieutenant governor , then expanded by Edward Rutledge , a lumberman and assistant to Frederick Weyerhaeuser . From 1915 on it was home to the family of Dayton Cook , county judge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_architecture', 'summary': "Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century . Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria ( 1837-1901 ) , called the Victorian era , during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction . However , many elements of what is typically termed Victorian architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria 's reign . The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles . The name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch . Within this naming and classification scheme , it followed Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture , and was succeeded by Edwardian architecture ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Italianate_architecture', 'summary': "The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis ."}, {'url': '/wiki/James_M._Bingham', 'summary': 'James M. Bingham ( February 3 , 1828 - January 8 , 1885 ) was a Wisconsin politician . He was born in Perry , New York in 1828 , and moved to Palmyra , Wisconsin in 1854 , where he practiced law . Bingham served in the 40th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment as a major . A Republican , he served terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1863 , 1864 , 1869 , 1870 , and 1874 and was elected its speaker in 1870 . He moved to Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin in 1870 . In 1878 he was elected the 13th Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin under Governor William E. Smith , an office he held for two terms until 1882 . He died in 1885 in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frederick_Weyerhaeuser', 'summary': 'Friedrich ( Frederick ) Weyerhäuser ( November 21 , 1834 in Nieder-Saulheim , Rhenish Hesse - April 4 , 1914 in Pasadena , California ) , also spelled Weyerhaeuser , was a German-American timber mogul and founder of the Weyerhaeuser Company , which owns saw mills , paper factories , and other business enterprises , and large areas of forested land . He is the eighth-richest American of all time , with a net worth of $ 85 billion in 2016 dollars . He was known as the timber-king of the Northwest .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornell Pulpwood Stacker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornell_Pulpwood_Stacker', 'summary': "The Cornell Pulpwood Stacker is located at Millyard Park in Cornell , Wisconsin . It was utilized to move pulpwood logs into large piles so they could be sent through waterways to paper mills . The stacker operated at the Cornell Wood Products Mill from 1912 until its obsolescence in 1971 . It is listed both on the National Register of Historic Places , as well as on the Wisconsin State Historical Society 's listing of Cornell Millyard Park ."}]}, {'value': 'December 23 , 1993 ( # 93001425 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornell Mill Yard Park 45°10′29″N 91°09′17″W / 45.174722°N 91.154722°W / 45.174722 ; -91.154722 ( Cornell Pulpwood Stacker )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornell,_Wisconsin', 'summary': 'Cornell is a city in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The population was 1,467 at the 2010 census . It is located on the Chippewa River , upstream from Lake Wissota and Chippewa Falls .'}]}, {'value': "175 foot tall conveyor for stacking pulpwood for Cornell Wood Products ' paper mill , used from 1912 to 1971 . Cornell 's is probably the only such stacker remaining in the US", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pulpwood', 'summary': 'Pulpwood is timber with the principal use of making wood pulp for paper production .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hotel Chippewa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hotel_Chippewa', 'summary': 'Hotel Chippewa is located in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'June 30 , 1994 ( # 94000598 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16-18 N. Bay St. 44°56′04″N 91°23′33″W / 44.934444°N 91.3925°W / 44.934444 ; -91.3925 ( Hotel Chippewa )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '3-story brick railroad hotel built in 1915 . It was modern at the time , with a telephone in every room and iron fire escapes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marsh Rainbow Arch Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marsh_Rainbow_Arch_Bridge_(Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin)', 'summary': 'The Marsh Rainbow Arch Bridge is a historic bridge over Duncan Creek located in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 1982 ( # 82000642 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spring St. 44°56′11″N 91°23′26″W / 44.936389°N 91.390556°W / 44.936389 ; -91.390556 ( Marsh Rainbow Arch Bridge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Patented 93 foot single-span reinforced concrete arch bridge over Duncan Creek , built in 1916 . It was the only bridge over Duncan that survived the flood of 1934', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arch_bridge', 'summary': 'An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch . Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side . A viaduct ( a long bridge ) may be made from a series of arches , although other more economical structures are typically used today .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McDonell Central Catholic High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McDonell_Central_Catholic_High_School', 'summary': 'McDonell Central Catholic High School is a Roman Catholic high school in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin in the Diocese of La Crosse . It is the only Catholic high school in Chippewa County .'}]}, {'value': 'October 6 , 1982 ( # 82001840 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 S. High St. 44°55′50″N 91°23′16″W / 44.930556°N 91.387778°W / 44.930556 ; -91.387778 ( McDonell Central Catholic High School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Neoclassical-styled Catholic high school built in 1907 , funded by lumberman Alexander McDonell . The building now houses the Heyde Center for the Arts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Catholic_Church', 'summary': "The Catholic Church , sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2017 [ update ] . As the world 's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution , it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation . The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome , known as the pope . Its central administration is the Holy See . The Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One , Holy , Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , [ note 1 ] that its bishops are the successors of Christ 's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ . It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith , reserving infallibility , passed down by sacred tradition . The Latin Church , the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church . Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one , celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven , honoured in dogmas and devotions . Its teaching includes Divine Mercy , sanctification through faith and evangelisation of the Gospel as well as Catholic social teaching , which emphasises voluntary support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D. R. Moon Memorial Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._R._Moon_Memorial_Library', 'summary': 'D. R. Moon Memorial Library is a small public library donated in 1901 by the family of a lumber baron to the community of Stanley , Wisconsin . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 .'}]}, {'value': 'December 2 , 1985 ( # 85003096 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E. Fourth Ave. 44°57′44″N 90°56′07″W / 44.962222°N 90.935278°W / 44.962222 ; -90.935278 ( D. R. Moon Memorial Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanley,_Wisconsin', 'summary': 'Stanley is a city in Chippewa and Clark counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The population was 3,608 at the 2010 census . Of this , 3,602 were in Chippewa County , and 6 in Clark County . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'The Classical revival library was built in 1901 in memory of Delos R. Moon , president of the Northwestern Lumber Company , who brought the sawmill to Stanley in the 1880s', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neoclassicism', 'summary': "Neoclassicism ( also spelled Neo-classicism ; from Greek νέος nèos , new and Greek κλασικός klasikόs , of the highest rank ) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts , literature , theatre , music , and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity . Neoclassicism was born in Rome largely thanks to the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann , at the time of the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum , but its popularity spread all over Europe as a generation of European art students finished their Grand Tour and returned from Italy to their home countries with newly rediscovered Greco-Roman ideals . The main Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment , and continued into the early 19th century , laterally competing with Romanticism . In architecture , the style continued throughout the 19th , 20th and up to the 21st century . European Neoclassicism in the visual arts began c. 1760 in opposition to the then-dominant Rococo style . Rococo architecture emphasizes grace , ornamentation and asymmetry ; Neoclassical architecture is based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry , which were seen as virtues of the arts of Rome and Ancient Greece , and were more immediately drawn from 16th-century Renaissance Classicism . Each neo-classicism selects some models among the range of possible classics that are available to it , and ignores others . The Neoclassical writers and talkers , patrons and collectors , artists and sculptors of 1765-1830 paid homage to an idea of the generation of Phidias , but the sculpture examples they actually embraced were more likely to be Roman copies of Hellenistic sculptures . They ignored both Archaic Greek art and the works of Late Antiquity . The Rococo art of ancient Palmyra came as a revelation , through engravings in Wood 's The Ruins of Palmyra . Even Greece was all-but-unvisited , a rough backwater of the Ottoman Empire , dangerous to explore , so Neoclassicists ' appreciation of Greek architecture was mediated through drawings and engravings , which subtly smoothed and regularized , corrected and restored the monuments of Greece , not always consciously . The Empire style , a second phase of Neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts , had its cultural centre in Paris in the Napoleonic era ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notre Dame Church and Goldsmith Memorial Chapel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre_Dame_Church_and_Goldsmith_Memorial_Chapel', 'summary': 'Notre Dame Church and Goldsmith Memorial Chapel is a historic church located in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin . On April 7 , 1983 , the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places . It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse .'}]}, {'value': 'April 7 , 1983 ( # 83003369 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '117 Allen St. 44°56′09″N 91°23′12″W / 44.935833°N 91.386667°W / 44.935833 ; -91.386667 ( Notre Dame Church and Goldsmith Memorial Chapel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Catholic church built 1870-1872 of sandstone quarried in Irvine Park under leadership of Father Charles Goldsmith . The Romanesque Revival chapel was added in 1894 in memory of Goldsmith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catholic_Church', 'summary': "The Catholic Church , sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2017 [ update ] . As the world 's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution , it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation . The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome , known as the pope . Its central administration is the Holy See . The Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One , Holy , Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , [ note 1 ] that its bishops are the successors of Christ 's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ . It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith , reserving infallibility , passed down by sacred tradition . The Latin Church , the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church . Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one , celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven , honoured in dogmas and devotions . Its teaching includes Divine Mercy , sanctification through faith and evangelisation of the Gospel as well as Catholic social teaching , which emphasises voluntary support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sandstone', 'summary': "Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized ( 0.0625 to 2 mm ) mineral particles or rock fragments . Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar ( both silicates ) because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth 's surface , as seen in the Goldich dissolution series . Like uncemented sand , sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals , but the most common colors are tan , brown , yellow , red , grey , pink , white , and black . Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features , certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions . Rock formations that are primarily composed of sandstone usually allow the percolation of water and other fluids and are porous enough to store large quantities , making them valuable aquifers and petroleum reservoirs . Fine-grained aquifers , such as sandstones , are better able to filter out pollutants from the surface than are rocks with cracks and crevices , such as limestone or other rocks fractured by seismic activity . Quartz-bearing sandstone can be changed into quartzite through metamorphism , usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'Romanesque Revival ( or Neo-Romanesque ) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture . Unlike the historic Romanesque style , however , Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts . An early variety of Romanesque Revival style known as Rundbogenstil ( Round-arched style ) was popular in German lands and in the German diaspora beginning in the 1830s . By far the most prominent and influential American architect working in a free Romanesque manner was Henry Hobson Richardson . In the United States , the style derived from examples set by him are termed Richardsonian Romanesque , of which not all are Romanesque Revival . Romanesque Revival is also sometimes referred to as the Norman style or Lombard style , particularly in works published during the 19th century after variations of historic Romanesque that were developed by the Normans and Lombards , respectively . Like its influencing Romanesque style , the Romanesque Revival style was widely used for churches , and occasionally for synagogues such as the New Synagogue of Strasbourg built in 1898 , and the Congregation Emanu-El of New York built in 1929 . The style was quite popular for university campuses in the late 19th and early 20th century , especially in the United States and Canada ; well known examples can be found at the University of California , Los Angeles , University of Southern California , Tulane University , University of Denver , University of Toronto , and Wayne State University .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'L.I . Roe House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/L.I._Roe_House', 'summary': 'The L.I . Roe House is located in Stanley , Wisconsin .'}]}, {'value': 'August 27 , 1980 ( # 80000112 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '410 N. Franklin St. 44°57′48″N 90°55′53″W / 44.963333°N 90.931389°W / 44.963333 ; -90.931389 ( L.I . Roe House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanley,_Wisconsin', 'summary': 'Stanley is a city in Chippewa and Clark counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The population was 3,608 at the 2010 census . Of this , 3,602 were in Chippewa County , and 6 in Clark County . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': "Large home built in 1892 and expanded in 1906 . Norwegian immigrant Roe was a clerk in the Northwestern Lumber Company 's store , president of the school board , first president of the Citizen 's State Bank , and ran a wood products factory", 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sheeley House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheeley_House', 'summary': 'The James Sheeley House is an Italianate building in Chippewa Falls , Wisconsin , United States . Originally used as a boarding house , it is currently a restaurant .'}]}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1985 ( # 85001949 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '236 W. River St. 44°55′58″N 91°23′40″W / 44.932778°N 91.394444°W / 44.932778 ; -91.394444 ( Sheeley House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chippewa Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_Falls,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The most recent census from 2010 shows that the population is 13,661 . Incorporated as a city in 1869 , it is the county seat of Chippewa County . The city 's name originated from its location on the Chippewa River , which is named after the Ojibwe Native Americans . Chippewa is an alternative rendition of Ojibwe . Chippewa Falls is the birthplace of Seymour Cray , known as the father of supercomputing , and the headquarters for the original Cray Research . It is also the home of the Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company , the Heyde Center for the Arts , a showcase venue for artists and performers ; Irvine Park , and the annual Northern Wisconsin State Fair . Chippewa Falls is 15 miles from the annual four-day music festivals Country Fest and Rock Fest . ( Chippewa Falls ) is very close to Eau Claire , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': 'Brick Italianate saloon and boarding house built in 1884 , at the height of logging in the Chippewa Valley . Now a restaurant and saloon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italianate_architecture', 'summary': "The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chippewa_River_(Wisconsin)', 'summary': 'The Chippewa River in Wisconsin flows approximately 183 miles ( 294 km ) through west-central and northwestern Wisconsin . It was once navigable for approximately 50 miles ( 80 km ) of its length , from the Mississippi River , by Durand , northeast to Eau Claire . Its catchment defines a portion of the northern boundary of the Driftless Area . The river is easily accessible for bikers and pleasure seekers via the Chippewa River State Trail which follows the river from Eau Claire to Durand .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Z.C.B.J . Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Z.C.B.J._Hall_(Arthur,_Wisconsin)', 'summary': 'The Z. C. B. J . Hall , also known as Bohemian Hall or Zapadni Cesko Bratrske Jednota Hall , is an historic building located near Arthur , Wisconsin that was built in 1907 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 25 , 1992 . It historically served as a meeting hall for the Czech community . In 1896 , after most pine was logged off in the town of Arthur , the Cypreanson Brothers of Eau Claire offered cut-over land for sale and hired Vincent Benish to advertise that land in Czech-language newspapers to immigrants in southwest Wisconsin . Many of these people had left their homeland unhappy with Habsburg rule and its links to the Catholic Church . As a result , many were skeptical of the church and open to Marxist ideas and the Freethought movement . Still , they needed funerals and weddings , and a way to socialize with their fellow Czechs . In 1904 the Arthur Czech community organized a chapter of the Zapadni Ceska Bratrska Jednota - Western Bohemian Fraternal Association . In 1907 the members built their hall . The original section was 60 feet by 32 feet with a false-front parapet . In 1913 a foldable stage was added for performances by the Goodwill Actors , who traveled around the state , presenting several Czech plays each year .'}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 1992 ( # 92000812 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WI 27 , 7 mi ( 11 km ) . N of Cadott 45°02′19″N 91°08′46″W / 45.038611°N 91.146111°W / 45.038611 ; -91.146111 ( Z.C.B.J . Hall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arthur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur,_Wisconsin', 'summary': 'Arthur is a town in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The population was 759 at the 2010 census . The unincorporated communities of Cobban , Crescent , and Drywood are located in the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Social hall clad in stamped metal siding , built by Bohemian ( Czech ) immigrants in 1907 . See Zapadni Ceska Bratrska Jednota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bohemia', 'summary': "Bohemia ( /boʊˈhiːmiə/ boh-HEE-mee-ə ; Czech : Čechy ; German : Böhmen ( help·info ) ; Polish : Czechy ; Latin : Bohemia ; Hebrew : פּיהם , romanized : Pihm ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic . In a broader meaning , Bohemia sometimes refers to the entire Czech territory , including Moravia and Czech Silesia , especially in a historical context , such as the Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by Bohemian kings . Bohemia was a duchy of Great Moravia , later an independent principality , a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire , and subsequently a part of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire . After World War I and the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak state , the total of Bohemia became a part of Czechoslovakia , defying claims of the German speaking inhabitants that regions with German speaking majority should be included in the Republic of German-Austria . Between 1938 and 1945 , these border regions were joined to Nazi Germany as the Sudetenland . The remainder of Czech territory became the Second Czechoslovak Republic and was subsequently occupied as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . In 1969 , the Czech lands ( including Bohemia ) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the Czech Socialist Republic . In 1990 , the name was changed to the Czech Republic , which became a separate state in 1993 with the breakup of Czechoslovakia . Until 1948 , Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its lands ( země ) . Since then , administrative reforms have replaced self-governing lands with a modified system of regions ( kraje ) which do not follow the borders of the historical Czech lands ( or the regions from the 1960 and 2000 reforms ) . However , the three lands are mentioned in the preamble of the Constitution of the Czech Republic : We , citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia , Moravia and Silesia… Bohemia had an area of 52,065 km2 ( 20,102 sq mi ) and today is home to approximately 6.5 million of the Czech Republic 's 10.5 million inhabitants . Bohemia was bordered in the south by Upper and Lower Austria ( both in Austria ) , in the west by Bavaria and in the north by Saxony and Lusatia ( all in Germany ) , in the northeast by Silesia ( in Poland ) , and in the east by Moravia ( also part of the Czech Republic ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Czechs', 'summary': 'The Czechs ( Czech : Češi , pronounced [ ˈtʃɛʃɪ ] ; singular masculine : Čech [ ˈtʃɛx ] , singular feminine : Češka [ ˈtʃɛʃka ] ) , or the Czech people ( Český národ ) , are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe , who share a common ancestry , culture , history , and Czech language . Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century , referring to the medieval land of Bohemia which in turn was adapted from late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii . During the Migration Period , West Slavic tribes of Bohemians settled in the area , assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations , and formed a principality in the 9th century , which was part of Great Moravia , in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia , the predecessors of the modern republic . The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the United States , Canada , Israel , Austria , Germany , Slovakia , Switzerland , Italy , the United Kingdom , Australia , Chile , Russia , Argentina and Brazil , among others .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Western_Fraternal_Life_Association', 'summary': 'The Western Fraternal Life Association , previously known as the Zapadni Ceska Bratrska Jednota ( English : Western Bohemian Fraternal Association ) is a fraternal benefit society and financial services organization in the United States . The association has its roots in the Czechoslovak immigrant community of the 19th century . It was once the second largest Czech-American freethought fraternity in the United States .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chippewa_County,_Wisconsin_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Chippewa County, Wisconsin. It is intended to provide a comprehensive listing of entries in the National Register of Historic Places that are located in Chippewa County, Wisconsin. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below may be seen in a map. There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.'}
null
null
As of 2013 , what is the population of the city that is in both Chippewa and Clark county and has a listed historic place that was built in 1892 and expanded in 1906 ?
3,608
fec1561f8fb8144c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Super_Kings_in_2013', 'title': 'Chennai Super Kings in 2013', 'header': ['No', 'Date', 'Opponent', 'Venue', 'Result', 'Scorecard link'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 6 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Lost by 9 runs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 10 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kings XI Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_XI_Punjab', 'summary': "The Kings XI Punjab ( KXIP ) are a franchise cricket team based in Mohali ( Chandigarh CR ) , Punjab , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Established in 2008 , the franchise is jointly owned by Mohit Burman , Ness Wadia , Preity Zinta and Karan Paul . The team plays its home matches at the PCA Stadium , Mohali . Since the 2010 IPL , they have been playing some of their home games at either Dharamsala or Indore . The Kings XI Punjab 's catchment areas are Kashmir , Jammu , Himachal Pradesh , Punjab and Haryana - evident from the letter sequence K J H P H in the banner of the team 's logo . Apart from the 2014 season when they topped the league table and finished runners-up , the team has made only one other playoff appearance in 12 seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punjab_Cricket_Association_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Punjab Cricket Association Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium ( Punjabi : ਪੰਜਾਬ ਕ੍ਰਿਕੇਟ ਐਸੋਸੀਏਸ਼ਨ ਆਈਐਸ ਬਿੰਦਰਾ ਸਟੇਡੀਅਮ ) is a cricket ground located in Mohali , Chandigarh CR . It is popularly referred to as the Mohali Stadium . The stadium was built by Geetanshu Kalra from Ambala City and is home to the Punjab team . The construction of the stadium took around ₹ 25 crore and 3 years to complete . The stadium has an official capacity of 26,950 spectators . The stadium was designed by Ar . Khizir and Associates , Panchkula and constructed by R.S . Construction Company , Chandigarh . PCA stadium is home of Punjab cricket team and Kings XI Punjab ( IPL franchisee ) . The floodlights here are unconventional compared to other cricket stadiums , in that the light pillars are very low in height . This is to avoid aircraft from the nearby Chandigarh airport colliding with the light pillars . That is the reason behind the stadium having 16 floodlights .'}]}, {'value': 'Won by 10 wickets , MoM - Mike Hussey 86* ( 54 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Hussey', 'summary': "Michael Edward Killeen Hussey ( born 27 May 1975 ) also known as Mike Hussey is an Australian cricket coach , commentator and former international cricketer , who played all forms of the game . Hussey is also widely known by his nickname 'Mr Cricket ' . Hussey was a relative latecomer to both the one-day international and Test Australian teams , debuting at 28 and 30 years of age in the respective formats , with 15,313 first-class runs before making his Test debut . However , he had a highly successful international career , being the top-ranked ODI batsman in the world in 2006 . He played first-class cricket as vice-captain of the Western Warriors in Australia and played for three counties in England , as well as the Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings . Michael Hussey announced his retirement from international cricket on 29 December 2012 . He continued to play for Big Bash side Sydney Thunder after this date before announcing his retirement from all forms of cricket after the completion of BBL|05 ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 13 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Challengers Bangalore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bangalore', 'summary': "The Royal Challengers Bangalore ( often abbreviated as RCB ) are a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore , Karnataka , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . It was founded in 2008 by United Spirits and named after the company 's liquor brand Royal Challenge . Since its inception , the team has played its home matches at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium . The Royal Challengers have never won the IPL but finished runners-up on three occasions between 2009 and 2016 . Their lack of success over the years despite the presence of various notable players has earned them the tag of underachievers . The team holds the records of both the highest and the lowest totals in the IPL - 263/5 and 49 respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 4 wickets , MoM - Ravindra Jadeja 38* ( 20 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ravindra_Jadeja', 'summary': 'Ravindrasinh Anirudhsinh Jadeja ( born 6 December 1988 ) , commonly known as Ravindra Jadeja , is an Indian international cricketer . He is an all-rounder , who plays as a left-handed middle-order batsman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler . He represents Saurashtra in first-class cricket and the Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League . Jadeja was part of the Indian U-19 cricket team that won the World Cup in Malaysia in 2008 under the captaincy of current Indian Captain Virat Kohli . He made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka on 8 February 2009 and scored an unbeaten 60 off 77 balls in that match . However , his Test debut came almost four years later , on 13 December 2012 , against England at Nagpur . Jadeja was bought for $ 2 million by the Chennai Super Kings at the 2012 IPL Players Auction . He was bought by the Gujarat Lions in the 2016 IPL Players Auction for ₹9.5 crores after the Chennai Super Kings were banned from the IPL for two seasons . On 22 January 2017 , Jadeja became the first Indian left-arm spinner to take 150 One Day International wickets , when he dismissed Sam Billings at Eden Gardens , Kolkata . In March 2017 , he became the top ranked bowler in the world leaving behind Ravichandran Ashwin who held that position for a long time .'}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 15 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pune Warriors India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pune_Warriors_India', 'summary': "The Pune Warriors India were a franchise cricket team that represented the city of Pune in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . The team was one of two IPL franchises from the Indian state of Maharashtra , the other being Mumbai Indians . It was also one of the two new franchises added to the IPL for the 2011 season , alongside the also-defunct Kochi Tuskers Kerala . The team was owned by Sahara Group Sports Limited , a group company of the Indian business conglomerate Sahara India Pariwar . The team 's home ground was the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium located in Gahunje , Pune . On 21 May 2013 , Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL over financial differences with the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) stemming from the valuation of the annual franchise fee it had to pay . Their last match , before pulling out , was on 19 May 2013 against Delhi Daredevils . The franchise was officially terminated by the BCCI five months later , on 26 October 2013 . The team was not successful in their three years in the tournament , finishing second from last in their inaugural season and in their final season and last in 2012 . Overall , the team played 46 matches , out of which they won 12 and lost 33 ( 1 match no-result ) . The all-time leading run scorer of the side was Robin Uthappa while the all-time leading wicket-taker was Rahul Sharma ."}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Lost by 24 runs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 18 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delhi Daredevils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi_Daredevils', 'summary': "The Delhi Capitals are a franchise cricket team that represents the city of Delhi in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as the Delhi Daredevils , the franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and the JSW Group . The team 's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium , located in New Delhi . The Delhi Capitals are the only current team to have never appeared in an IPL final and qualified for the IPL playoffs in 2019 for the first time in seven years . The leading run-scorer for the Capitals is Virender Sehwag , while the leading wicket-taker is Amit Mishra ."}]}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Feroz_Shah_Kotla_Ground', 'summary': "Arun Jaitley Stadium ( Hindi : अरुण जेटली स्टेडियम , Urdu : ارون جیٹلی اسٹیڈیم , Punjabi : اਅਰੁਣ ਜੇਤਲੀ ਸਟੇਡੀਅਮ ) is a cricket stadium located at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg , New Delhi . Established in 1883 as the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground ( being near the Kotla fort ) , it is the second oldest international cricket stadium still functional in India , after the Eden Gardens in Kolkata . As a matter of felicitation , the DDCA named four stands of the stadium after former India captain Bishan Singh Bedi , former India all-rounder Mohinder Amarnath , former India opener and Delhi ranji player Gautam Gambhir and current captain Virat Kohli . It was also decided to name the home team 's dressing room after Raman Lamba and the opposition 's dressing room after Prakash Bhandari . As of 2016 , the India national cricket team has been undefeated for over 28 years in Test matches and for over 10 years in ODI matches at this ground . Formerly Sunil Gavaskar hit his 29th test ton in this ground to equal Don Bradman 's then record tally of 29 centuries . The ground is also known for Anil Kumble 's 10 wickets in an innings against Pakistan and Sachin Tendulkar 's 35th test ton to overcome Gavaskar to become the batsman with the most international Test centuries . As of 25 October 2019 it has hosted 34 Tests , 25 ODIs and 6 T20I . On 12 September 2019 , the stadium was renamed in memory of former Finance Minister and former DDCA President Arun Jaitley . The decision to name the stadium after the politician , who was once the president of DDCA and also the vice-president of the BCCI came after he died on 24 August 2019 . Speaking on the name change , current DDCA president Rajat Sharma said : It was Arun Jaitley 's support and encouragement that players like Virat Kohli , Virender Sehwag , Gautam Gambhir , Ashish Nehra , Rishabh Pant and many others could make India proud . After announcing the name change , DDCA also put out a clarification stating the stadium is only being renamed but the ground will be still called Feroz Shah Kotla Ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 86 runs , MoM - Mike Hussey 65* ( 50 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Hussey', 'summary': "Michael Edward Killeen Hussey ( born 27 May 1975 ) also known as Mike Hussey is an Australian cricket coach , commentator and former international cricketer , who played all forms of the game . Hussey is also widely known by his nickname 'Mr Cricket ' . Hussey was a relative latecomer to both the one-day international and Test Australian teams , debuting at 28 and 30 years of age in the respective formats , with 15,313 first-class runs before making his Test debut . However , he had a highly successful international career , being the top-ranked ODI batsman in the world in 2006 . He played first-class cricket as vice-captain of the Western Warriors in Australia and played for three counties in England , as well as the Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings . Michael Hussey announced his retirement from international cricket on 29 December 2012 . He continued to play for Big Bash side Sydney Thunder after this date before announcing his retirement from all forms of cricket after the completion of BBL|05 ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 20 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eden_Gardens', 'summary': "Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata , India . It was established in 1864 . It is the oldest cricket stadium in India . It is the home venue of the Bengal cricket team and the IPL franchise cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders , and is also a venue for Test , ODI and T20I matches of the India national cricket team.The stadium currently has a capacity of 66,000 On 22 November 2019 , the venue hosted the first ever day/night test match in India during second Test between India and Bangladesh . Eden Gardens is often regarded informally as India 's home of cricket . The ground has been referred to as cricket 's answer to the Colosseum , and is widely acknowledged to be one of the most iconic cricket stadiums in the world . Eden Gardens has hosted matches in major international competitions including the World Cup , World Twenty20 and Asia Cup . In 1987 , Eden Gardens became the second stadium to host a World Cup final . The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 final was held at the Eden Gardens where the West Indies beat England in a very closely fought encounter ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 4 wickets , MoM - Ravindra Jadeja 36* ( 14 ) & 3/20', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ravindra_Jadeja', 'summary': 'Ravindrasinh Anirudhsinh Jadeja ( born 6 December 1988 ) , commonly known as Ravindra Jadeja , is an Indian international cricketer . He is an all-rounder , who plays as a left-handed middle-order batsman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler . He represents Saurashtra in first-class cricket and the Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League . Jadeja was part of the Indian U-19 cricket team that won the World Cup in Malaysia in 2008 under the captaincy of current Indian Captain Virat Kohli . He made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka on 8 February 2009 and scored an unbeaten 60 off 77 balls in that match . However , his Test debut came almost four years later , on 13 December 2012 , against England at Nagpur . Jadeja was bought for $ 2 million by the Chennai Super Kings at the 2012 IPL Players Auction . He was bought by the Gujarat Lions in the 2016 IPL Players Auction for ₹9.5 crores after the Chennai Super Kings were banned from the IPL for two seasons . On 22 January 2017 , Jadeja became the first Indian left-arm spinner to take 150 One Day International wickets , when he dismissed Sam Billings at Eden Gardens , Kolkata . In March 2017 , he became the top ranked bowler in the world leaving behind Ravichandran Ashwin who held that position for a long time .'}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 22 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rajasthan Royals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajasthan_Royals', 'summary': "The Rajasthan Royals ( often abbreviated as RR ) are a franchise cricket team based in Jaipur , Rajasthan , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as one of the initial eight IPL franchises , the team is based at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium in Jaipur . The Rajasthan Royals are sometimes considered as the moneyball team of the IPL . The Royals are known to unearth obscure , high potential talent , as well as their involvement in a number of controversies and scandals . The team won the inaugural edition of the IPL under the captaincy of Shane Warne , despite being written off as a title contender by the media and fans . The Royals were also the runners-up of the 2013 Champions League Twenty20 under Rahul Dravid 's captaincy . On 14 July 2015 , the verdict reached by a panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India suspended Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings for two years over a 2013 betting scandal , meaning they could not participate in both the 2016 and 2017 IPL tournaments . They returned to the competition for the 2018 season . The team 's record run-scorer is Ajinkya Rahane with 2705 runs , while the leading wicket-taker is Shane Watson , with 67 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 5 wickets , MoM - Mike Hussey 88 ( 51 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Hussey', 'summary': "Michael Edward Killeen Hussey ( born 27 May 1975 ) also known as Mike Hussey is an Australian cricket coach , commentator and former international cricketer , who played all forms of the game . Hussey is also widely known by his nickname 'Mr Cricket ' . Hussey was a relative latecomer to both the one-day international and Test Australian teams , debuting at 28 and 30 years of age in the respective formats , with 15,313 first-class runs before making his Test debut . However , he had a highly successful international career , being the top-ranked ODI batsman in the world in 2006 . He played first-class cricket as vice-captain of the Western Warriors in Australia and played for three counties in England , as well as the Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings . Michael Hussey announced his retirement from international cricket on 29 December 2012 . He continued to play for Big Bash side Sydney Thunder after this date before announcing his retirement from all forms of cricket after the completion of BBL|05 ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 25 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunrisers Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunrisers_Hyderabad', 'summary': 'The SunRisers Hyderabad ( often abbreviated as SRH ) are a franchise cricket team based in Hyderabad , Telangana , India , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . The franchise is owned by Kalanithi Maran of the Sun TV Network and was founded in 2012 after the Hyderabad-based Deccan Chargers were terminated by the IPL . The team is currently captained by Kane Williamson and coached by Trevor Bayliss . The primary homeground of the team is the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium , Hyderabad with a capacity of 55,000 . The brand value of the SunRisers Hyderabad was estimated to be ₹483 crore ( US $ 68 million ) in 2019 as the overall brand of IPL was increased to ₹47,000 crore ( US $ 6.6 billion ) , according to Duff & Phelps . The team made their first IPL appearance in 2013 , where they reached the playoffs , eventually finishing in fourth place . The SunRisers won their maiden IPL title in the 2016 season , defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 8 runs in the final . The team has qualified for the play-off stage of the tournament in every season since 2016 . In 2018 , the team reached the finals of the Indian Premier League , but lost to Chennai Super Kings by 8 Wickets , following a century by Shane Watson . The team is considered one of the best bowling sides , often admired for its ability to defend low totals . David Warner is the leading run scorer for the side , having won the Orange Cap 3 times , in 2015 , 2017 , and 2019 . Bhuvneshwar Kumar is the leading wicket-taker .'}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 5 wickets , MoM - Mahendra Singh Dhoni 67* ( 37 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni', 'summary': "Mahendra Singh Dhoni ( pronunciation ( help·info ) born 7 July 1981 ) , commonly known as MS Dhoni , is an Indian international cricketer who captained the Indian national team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2016 and in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014 . Under his captaincy , India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 , the 2010 and 2016 Asia Cups , the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy . A right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper , Dhoni is one of the highest run scorers in One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) with more than 10,000 runs scored and is considered an effective finisher in limited-overs formats . He is also regarded by some as one of the best wicket-keepers and captain in modern limited-overs international cricket . He made his ODI debut in December 2004 against Bangladesh , and played his first Test a year later against Sri Lanka . Dhoni has been the recipient of many awards , including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 ( the first player to win the award twice ) , the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007 , the Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian honour , in 2009 and the Padma Bhushan , India 's third highest civilian honour , in 2018 . He was named as the captain of the ICC World Test XI in 2009 , 2010 and 2013 . He has also been selected a record 8 times in ICC World ODI XI teams , 5 times as captain . The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel to Dhoni on 1 November 2011 . He is the second Indian cricketer after Kapil Dev to receive this honour . Dhoni also holds numerous captaincy records such as the most wins by an Indian captain in ODIs and T20Is , and most back-to-back wins by an Indian captain in ODIs . He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first-ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 28 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 14 runs , MoM - Mike Hussey 95 ( 59 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Hussey', 'summary': "Michael Edward Killeen Hussey ( born 27 May 1975 ) also known as Mike Hussey is an Australian cricket coach , commentator and former international cricketer , who played all forms of the game . Hussey is also widely known by his nickname 'Mr Cricket ' . Hussey was a relative latecomer to both the one-day international and Test Australian teams , debuting at 28 and 30 years of age in the respective formats , with 15,313 first-class runs before making his Test debut . However , he had a highly successful international career , being the top-ranked ODI batsman in the world in 2006 . He played first-class cricket as vice-captain of the Western Warriors in Australia and played for three counties in England , as well as the Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings . Michael Hussey announced his retirement from international cricket on 29 December 2012 . He continued to play for Big Bash side Sydney Thunder after this date before announcing his retirement from all forms of cricket after the completion of BBL|05 ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 30 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pune Warriors India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pune_Warriors_India', 'summary': "The Pune Warriors India were a franchise cricket team that represented the city of Pune in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . The team was one of two IPL franchises from the Indian state of Maharashtra , the other being Mumbai Indians . It was also one of the two new franchises added to the IPL for the 2011 season , alongside the also-defunct Kochi Tuskers Kerala . The team was owned by Sahara Group Sports Limited , a group company of the Indian business conglomerate Sahara India Pariwar . The team 's home ground was the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium located in Gahunje , Pune . On 21 May 2013 , Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL over financial differences with the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) stemming from the valuation of the annual franchise fee it had to pay . Their last match , before pulling out , was on 19 May 2013 against Delhi Daredevils . The franchise was officially terminated by the BCCI five months later , on 26 October 2013 . The team was not successful in their three years in the tournament , finishing second from last in their inaugural season and in their final season and last in 2012 . Overall , the team played 46 matches , out of which they won 12 and lost 33 ( 1 match no-result ) . The all-time leading run scorer of the side was Robin Uthappa while the all-time leading wicket-taker was Rahul Sharma ."}]}, {'value': 'Pune', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Subrata_Roy_Sahara_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium ( Marathi : महाराष्ट्र क्रिकेट असोसिएशन स्टेडियम ) is a cricket stadium located at Gahunje , Pune , India . It serves as the home stadium for the Maharashtra cricket team including headquarters for the Maharashtra Cricket Association . With India having the largest cricket audience in the world and Indian influence in international cricket growing , the MCA decided a new stadium was needed . Hopkins Architects of London was commissioned to design a new 37,000 seat stadium in Pune and the stadium was the result . As of 10 Oct , 2019 it has hosted 2 Test , 4 ODIs and 3 T20Is .'}]}, {'value': 'Won by 37 runs ; MoM - Mahendra Singh Dhoni 45* ( 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni', 'summary': "Mahendra Singh Dhoni ( pronunciation ( help·info ) born 7 July 1981 ) , commonly known as MS Dhoni , is an Indian international cricketer who captained the Indian national team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2016 and in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014 . Under his captaincy , India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 , the 2010 and 2016 Asia Cups , the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy . A right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper , Dhoni is one of the highest run scorers in One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) with more than 10,000 runs scored and is considered an effective finisher in limited-overs formats . He is also regarded by some as one of the best wicket-keepers and captain in modern limited-overs international cricket . He made his ODI debut in December 2004 against Bangladesh , and played his first Test a year later against Sri Lanka . Dhoni has been the recipient of many awards , including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 ( the first player to win the award twice ) , the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007 , the Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian honour , in 2009 and the Padma Bhushan , India 's third highest civilian honour , in 2018 . He was named as the captain of the ICC World Test XI in 2009 , 2010 and 2013 . He has also been selected a record 8 times in ICC World ODI XI teams , 5 times as captain . The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel to Dhoni on 1 November 2011 . He is the second Indian cricketer after Kapil Dev to receive this honour . Dhoni also holds numerous captaincy records such as the most wins by an Indian captain in ODIs and T20Is , and most back-to-back wins by an Indian captain in ODIs . He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first-ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 2 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kings XI Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_XI_Punjab', 'summary': "The Kings XI Punjab ( KXIP ) are a franchise cricket team based in Mohali ( Chandigarh CR ) , Punjab , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Established in 2008 , the franchise is jointly owned by Mohit Burman , Ness Wadia , Preity Zinta and Karan Paul . The team plays its home matches at the PCA Stadium , Mohali . Since the 2010 IPL , they have been playing some of their home games at either Dharamsala or Indore . The Kings XI Punjab 's catchment areas are Kashmir , Jammu , Himachal Pradesh , Punjab and Haryana - evident from the letter sequence K J H P H in the banner of the team 's logo . Apart from the 2014 season when they topped the league table and finished runners-up , the team has made only one other playoff appearance in 12 seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 15 runs ; MoM - Suresh Raina 100* ( 53 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suresh_Raina', 'summary': 'Suresh Kumar Raina ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born 27 November 1986 ) is an Indian international cricketer . An aggressive left-handed middle-order batsman and an occasional off-spin bowler , he is also regarded as one of the best fielders in world cricket . He plays for Uttar Pradesh in all forms of domestic cricket . He was the captain of the Gujarat Lions in the Indian Premier League , and is the vice-captain of the Chennai Super Kings . He has also captained the Indian cricket team and is the second-youngest player ever to captain India . He is the first Indian batsman to hit a century in all three formats of international cricket . Raina made his ODI debut in July 2005 against Sri Lanka at the age of 19 . However , his Test debut came about five years later , in July 2010 , against the same opposition . He scored a hundred on his Test debut . He was a part of the Indian squad that won the 2011 World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 5 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': 'Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium', 'summary': "The Wankhede Stadium ( Marathi : वानखेडे स्टेडियम ) is a cricket stadium in Mumbai , India . The stadium now has a capacity of 33,108 , following renovations for the 2011 Cricket World Cup . Before the upgrade , the capacity was approximately 45,000 . The Wankhede stadium has been host to numerous high-profile cricket matches in the past , most notable being the 2011 Cricket World Cup Final , in which India defeated Sri Lanka and became the first country to win the cricket world cup on home soil . The stadium witnessed the last match of Sachin Tendulkar 's international career . Additionally , it has hosted many other matches in both the 1996 as well as the 2011 Cricket World Cup . The stadium is also the host to the match in which Ravi Shastri hit six sixes in an over . As of 14 January 2020 , it has hosted 25 Tests , 21 ODIs and 7 T20Is ."}]}, {'value': 'Lost by 60 runs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 8 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunrisers Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunrisers_Hyderabad', 'summary': 'The SunRisers Hyderabad ( often abbreviated as SRH ) are a franchise cricket team based in Hyderabad , Telangana , India , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . The franchise is owned by Kalanithi Maran of the Sun TV Network and was founded in 2012 after the Hyderabad-based Deccan Chargers were terminated by the IPL . The team is currently captained by Kane Williamson and coached by Trevor Bayliss . The primary homeground of the team is the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium , Hyderabad with a capacity of 55,000 . The brand value of the SunRisers Hyderabad was estimated to be ₹483 crore ( US $ 68 million ) in 2019 as the overall brand of IPL was increased to ₹47,000 crore ( US $ 6.6 billion ) , according to Duff & Phelps . The team made their first IPL appearance in 2013 , where they reached the playoffs , eventually finishing in fourth place . The SunRisers won their maiden IPL title in the 2016 season , defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 8 runs in the final . The team has qualified for the play-off stage of the tournament in every season since 2016 . In 2018 , the team reached the finals of the Indian Premier League , but lost to Chennai Super Kings by 8 Wickets , following a century by Shane Watson . The team is considered one of the best bowling sides , often admired for its ability to defend low totals . David Warner is the leading run scorer for the side , having won the Orange Cap 3 times , in 2015 , 2017 , and 2019 . Bhuvneshwar Kumar is the leading wicket-taker .'}]}, {'value': 'Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_International_Cricket_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium ( Telugu : రాజీవ్ గాంధీ అంతర్జాతీయ క్రికెట్ మైదానం , Urdu : راجیو گاندھی انٹرنیشنل کرکٹ اسٹیڈیم ) is the principal cricket stadium in Hyderabad , Telangana , India and is the home ground of the Hyderabad Cricket Association . It is located in Uppal , an eastern suburb of the city . It has a capacity of 55,000 and extends across 16 acres ( 65,000 m2 ) of land . The ends are named Pavilion End and North End . On the retirement of VVS Laxman , the HCA decided to honour the state hero by naming the North End after him . As of 3 March , 2019 it has hosted 5 Tests , 6 ODIs and 2 T20Is . This stadium hosted the opener and final of 2017 Indian Premier League . It was also selected to host the Final of 2019 Indian Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Won by 77 runs ; MoM - Suresh Raina 99* ( 52 ) & 1/4 ( 1 Over )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suresh_Raina', 'summary': 'Suresh Kumar Raina ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born 27 November 1986 ) is an Indian international cricketer . An aggressive left-handed middle-order batsman and an occasional off-spin bowler , he is also regarded as one of the best fielders in world cricket . He plays for Uttar Pradesh in all forms of domestic cricket . He was the captain of the Gujarat Lions in the Indian Premier League , and is the vice-captain of the Chennai Super Kings . He has also captained the Indian cricket team and is the second-youngest player ever to captain India . He is the first Indian batsman to hit a century in all three formats of international cricket . Raina made his ODI debut in July 2005 against Sri Lanka at the age of 19 . However , his Test debut came about five years later , in July 2010 , against the same opposition . He scored a hundred on his Test debut . He was a part of the Indian squad that won the 2011 World Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 12 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rajasthan Royals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rajasthan_Royals', 'summary': "The Rajasthan Royals ( often abbreviated as RR ) are a franchise cricket team based in Jaipur , Rajasthan , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as one of the initial eight IPL franchises , the team is based at the Sawai Mansingh Stadium in Jaipur . The Rajasthan Royals are sometimes considered as the moneyball team of the IPL . The Royals are known to unearth obscure , high potential talent , as well as their involvement in a number of controversies and scandals . The team won the inaugural edition of the IPL under the captaincy of Shane Warne , despite being written off as a title contender by the media and fans . The Royals were also the runners-up of the 2013 Champions League Twenty20 under Rahul Dravid 's captaincy . On 14 July 2015 , the verdict reached by a panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India suspended Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings for two years over a 2013 betting scandal , meaning they could not participate in both the 2016 and 2017 IPL tournaments . They returned to the competition for the 2018 season . The team 's record run-scorer is Ajinkya Rahane with 2705 runs , while the leading wicket-taker is Shane Watson , with 67 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jaipur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sawai_Mansingh_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Sawai Mansingh Stadium is a cricket stadium in Jaipur , Rajasthan , India . It was named after Sawai Man Singh II , the erstwhile ruler of the princely state of Jaipur . It is situated at one corner of the PKMB . The stadium seats 30,000 . As of July 2013 , the stadium and grounds could be toured using Google Street View . As of 19 Aug , 2017 it has hosted 1 Test and 19 ODIs .'}]}, {'value': 'Lost by 5 wickets', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 14 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delhi Daredevils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi_Daredevils', 'summary': "The Delhi Capitals are a franchise cricket team that represents the city of Delhi in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as the Delhi Daredevils , the franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and the JSW Group . The team 's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium , located in New Delhi . The Delhi Capitals are the only current team to have never appeared in an IPL final and qualified for the IPL playoffs in 2019 for the first time in seven years . The leading run-scorer for the Capitals is Virender Sehwag , while the leading wicket-taker is Amit Mishra ."}]}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MA_Chidambaram_Stadium', 'summary': "M. A. Chidambaram Stadium ( எம் . ஏ . சிதம்பரம் விளையாட்டு அரங்கம் ) is a cricket stadium in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India . It was established in 1916 and it is the second oldest cricket stadium in the country after Eden Gardens in Kolkata . Named after M. A. Chidambaram , former President of BCCI , the stadium was formerly known as Madras Cricket Club Ground and is also nicknamed the Chepauk stadium . It is the home ground of the Tamil Nadu cricket team and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings . Chepauk hosted its first Test match on 10 February 1934 , the first ever Ranji Trophy match in 1936 and Indian cricket team 's first ever test victory in 1952 against England . The 1986 India-Australia match held at Chepauk was only the second ever Tied Test in the history of the game ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 33 runs ; MoM - Mahendra Singh Dhoni 58* ( 35 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni', 'summary': "Mahendra Singh Dhoni ( pronunciation ( help·info ) born 7 July 1981 ) , commonly known as MS Dhoni , is an Indian international cricketer who captained the Indian national team in limited-overs formats from 2007 to 2016 and in Test cricket from 2008 to 2014 . Under his captaincy , India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 , the 2010 and 2016 Asia Cups , the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy . A right-handed middle-order batsman and wicket-keeper , Dhoni is one of the highest run scorers in One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) with more than 10,000 runs scored and is considered an effective finisher in limited-overs formats . He is also regarded by some as one of the best wicket-keepers and captain in modern limited-overs international cricket . He made his ODI debut in December 2004 against Bangladesh , and played his first Test a year later against Sri Lanka . Dhoni has been the recipient of many awards , including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 ( the first player to win the award twice ) , the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007 , the Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian honour , in 2009 and the Padma Bhushan , India 's third highest civilian honour , in 2018 . He was named as the captain of the ICC World Test XI in 2009 , 2010 and 2013 . He has also been selected a record 8 times in ICC World ODI XI teams , 5 times as captain . The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel to Dhoni on 1 November 2011 . He is the second Indian cricketer after Kapil Dev to receive this honour . Dhoni also holds numerous captaincy records such as the most wins by an Indian captain in ODIs and T20Is , and most back-to-back wins by an Indian captain in ODIs . He took over the ODI captaincy from Rahul Dravid in 2007 and led the team to its first-ever bilateral ODI series wins in Sri Lanka and New Zealand ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 18 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Challengers Bangalore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bangalore', 'summary': "The Royal Challengers Bangalore ( often abbreviated as RCB ) are a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore , Karnataka , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . It was founded in 2008 by United Spirits and named after the company 's liquor brand Royal Challenge . Since its inception , the team has played its home matches at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium . The Royal Challengers have never won the IPL but finished runners-up on three occasions between 2009 and 2016 . Their lack of success over the years despite the presence of various notable players has earned them the tag of underachievers . The team holds the records of both the highest and the lowest totals in the IPL - 263/5 and 49 respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Bengaluru', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/M_Chinnaswamy_Stadium', 'summary': "The M. Chinnaswamy Stadium ( Kannada : ಎಂ ಚಿನ್ನಸ್ವಾಮಿ ಕ್ರೀಡಾಂಗಣ ) located in Bengaluru , Karnataka , is a stadium owned by the Government of Karnataka . Flanked by the picturesque Cubbon Park , Queen 's Road , Cubbon and uptown MG Road , this four decade old stadium is situated in the heart of the city of Bengaluru . This stadium with a seating capacity of 38,000 not only regularly hosts Test cricket , One Day Internationals ( ODI ) and other First-class cricket matches , but also other musical and cultural events . The stadium is also the home ground of the Karnataka state cricket team and the Indian Premier League franchise Royal Challengers Bangalore . It is owned by the Government of Karnataka and has been leased out to the KSCA for a period of 100 years . Formerly known as the Karnataka State Cricket Association ( KSCA ) stadium , the stadium was later rechristened in tribute to Mr. Mangalam Chinnaswamy , who had served the KSCA for four decades and was also president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India ( BCCI ) from 1977-1980 . It is the first cricket stadium in the world to use solar panels to generate a bulk of the electricity needed to run the stadium . This has been procured as by the Go Green initiative of the KSCA . As of 13 January 2020 it has hosted 22 Tests , 24 ODIs and 7 T20Is ."}]}, {'value': 'Lost by 24 runs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 21 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians ( Qualifier # 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Feroz_Shah_Kotla_Ground', 'summary': "Arun Jaitley Stadium ( Hindi : अरुण जेटली स्टेडियम , Urdu : ارون جیٹلی اسٹیڈیم , Punjabi : اਅਰੁਣ ਜੇਤਲੀ ਸਟੇਡੀਅਮ ) is a cricket stadium located at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg , New Delhi . Established in 1883 as the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground ( being near the Kotla fort ) , it is the second oldest international cricket stadium still functional in India , after the Eden Gardens in Kolkata . As a matter of felicitation , the DDCA named four stands of the stadium after former India captain Bishan Singh Bedi , former India all-rounder Mohinder Amarnath , former India opener and Delhi ranji player Gautam Gambhir and current captain Virat Kohli . It was also decided to name the home team 's dressing room after Raman Lamba and the opposition 's dressing room after Prakash Bhandari . As of 2016 , the India national cricket team has been undefeated for over 28 years in Test matches and for over 10 years in ODI matches at this ground . Formerly Sunil Gavaskar hit his 29th test ton in this ground to equal Don Bradman 's then record tally of 29 centuries . The ground is also known for Anil Kumble 's 10 wickets in an innings against Pakistan and Sachin Tendulkar 's 35th test ton to overcome Gavaskar to become the batsman with the most international Test centuries . As of 25 October 2019 it has hosted 34 Tests , 25 ODIs and 6 T20I . On 12 September 2019 , the stadium was renamed in memory of former Finance Minister and former DDCA President Arun Jaitley . The decision to name the stadium after the politician , who was once the president of DDCA and also the vice-president of the BCCI came after he died on 24 August 2019 . Speaking on the name change , current DDCA president Rajat Sharma said : It was Arun Jaitley 's support and encouragement that players like Virat Kohli , Virender Sehwag , Gautam Gambhir , Ashish Nehra , Rishabh Pant and many others could make India proud . After announcing the name change , DDCA also put out a clarification stating the stadium is only being renamed but the ground will be still called Feroz Shah Kotla Ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Won by 48 runs , MoM - Mike Hussey 86* ( 58 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Hussey', 'summary': "Michael Edward Killeen Hussey ( born 27 May 1975 ) also known as Mike Hussey is an Australian cricket coach , commentator and former international cricketer , who played all forms of the game . Hussey is also widely known by his nickname 'Mr Cricket ' . Hussey was a relative latecomer to both the one-day international and Test Australian teams , debuting at 28 and 30 years of age in the respective formats , with 15,313 first-class runs before making his Test debut . However , he had a highly successful international career , being the top-ranked ODI batsman in the world in 2006 . He played first-class cricket as vice-captain of the Western Warriors in Australia and played for three counties in England , as well as the Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings . Michael Hussey announced his retirement from international cricket on 29 December 2012 . He continued to play for Big Bash side Sydney Thunder after this date before announcing his retirement from all forms of cricket after the completion of BBL|05 ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 26 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians ( Finals )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eden_Gardens', 'summary': "Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata , India . It was established in 1864 . It is the oldest cricket stadium in India . It is the home venue of the Bengal cricket team and the IPL franchise cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders , and is also a venue for Test , ODI and T20I matches of the India national cricket team.The stadium currently has a capacity of 66,000 On 22 November 2019 , the venue hosted the first ever day/night test match in India during second Test between India and Bangladesh . Eden Gardens is often regarded informally as India 's home of cricket . The ground has been referred to as cricket 's answer to the Colosseum , and is widely acknowledged to be one of the most iconic cricket stadiums in the world . Eden Gardens has hosted matches in major international competitions including the World Cup , World Twenty20 and Asia Cup . In 1987 , Eden Gardens became the second stadium to host a World Cup final . The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 final was held at the Eden Gardens where the West Indies beat England in a very closely fought encounter ."}]}, {'value': 'Lost by 23 runs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scorecard', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Indian Premier League -- Match log', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Chennai_Super_Kings_in_2013_1', 'intro': 'The Chennai Super Kings (CSK) is a franchise cricket team based in Chennai, India, which plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). They were one of the nine teams that competed in the 2013 Indian Premier League. They were captained for the sixth season in succession by Indian skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni.'}
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When was the team that was played again most recently founded ?
2008
fec1c484036287da
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'Mongolia at the Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Games', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jigjidiin Mönkhbat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jigjidiin_Mönkhbat', 'summary': "Jigjidiin Mönkhbat ( Mongolian : Жигжидийн Мөнхбат ; 1 June 1941 - 9 April 2018 ) was a Mongolian wrestler . At the 1968 Summer Olympics he won the silver medal in the men 's Freestyle Middleweight category , behind gold medalist Boris Michail Gurevich of the Soviet Union and ahead of bronze medalist Prodan Gardzhev of Bulgaria . His results in the olympic tournament : win - 4 , draw - 2 , loss - 0 . He was the father of professional sumo wrestler Hakuhō Shō , who holds the top rank of Yokozuna in that sport . Mönkhbat was a Titan in Mongolian wrestling , a top rank in the sport , with six Naadam championship wins ( 1963-1967 , 1974 ) . Five times were in a row , a feat achieved by only two other athletes in the modern history of Mongolian wrestling ( since 1922 ) . His name Monkhbat means Eternal firm in the Mongolian language . His son Hakuhō regards his six Nadaam championships as the equivalent of 36 tournament championships in sumo ( as sumo tournaments are held six times a year ) and used that as motivation to keep going even after passing Taihō 's record of 32 championships . He also hopes to appear at an Olympics like his father , even though sumo is not an Olympic sport , by performing a dohyo-iri ( ring-entering ceremony ) at the opening of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo ."}]}, {'value': '1968 Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 87 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_87_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle middleweight at the 1968 Summer Olympics was part of the wrestling program were held at the Insurgentes Ice Rink from October 17 to October 20 . The middleweight allowed wrestlers up to 87 kilograms ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chimedbazaryn Damdinsharav', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chimedbazaryn_Damdinsharav', 'summary': "Chimedbazaryn Damdinsharav ( Mongolian : Чимэдбазарын Дамдиншарав ; born March 21 , 1945 ) is a retired Mongolian wrestler . At the 1968 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's Freestyle Flyweight category . [ a ]"}]}, {'value': '1968 Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 52 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_52_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle flyweight at the 1968 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Insurgentes Ice Rink . The flyweight was the lightest weight class , allowing wrestlers up to 52 kilograms ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danzandarjaagiin Sereeter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danzandarjaagiin_Sereeter', 'summary': "Danzandarjaagiin Sereeter ( Mongolian : Данзандаржаагийн Сэрээтэр ; born April 23 , 1943 ) is a retired Mongolian wrestler . At the 1968 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's Freestyle Lightweight category ."}]}, {'value': '1968 Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 70 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_70_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle lightweight at the 1968 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Insurgentes Ice Rink from October 17 to October 20 . The lightweight allowed wrestlers up to 70 kilograms ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tömöriin Artag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tömöriin_Artag', 'summary': "Tömöriin Artag ( Mongolian : Төмөрийн Артаг ; born April 10 , 1943 , died 1993 ) was a Mongolian wrestler . At the 1968 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's Freestyle Welterweight category ."}]}, {'value': '1968 Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 78 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_78_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle welterweight at the 1968 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Insurgentes Ice Rink from October 17 to October 20 . The welterweight allowed wrestlers up to 78 kilograms ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khorloogiin Bayanmönkh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khorloogiin_Bayanmönkh', 'summary': "Khorloogiin Bayanmönkh ( Mongolian : Хорлоогийн Баянмөнх ; born February 22 , 1944 ) is a retired Mongolian wrestler . At the 1972 Summer Olympics he won the silver medal in the men 's freestyle heavyweight category . His name Bayanmonkh means Rich eternal in the Mongolian language . Bayanmönkh is the second most successful wrestler in Mongolian wrestling with 10 championship wins ( 1968 1971-1973 , 1975 , 1977 , 1979 , 1981-1982 , 1987 ) . [ citation needed ] In 1972 he was awarded the title of Merited Master of Sport of the USSR ."}]}, {'value': '1972 Munich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1972 Summer Olympics , 20 wrestling events were contested , all for men . There were 10 weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and 10 classes in freestyle wrestling .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 100 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_100_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle 100 kg at the 1972 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program at the Fairgrounds , Judo and Wrestling Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zevegiin Oidov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zevegiin_Oidov', 'summary': 'Zevegiin Oidov ( Mongolian : Зэвэгийн Ойдов ; born May 25 , 1949 ) is a retired Mongolian wrestler . At the 1976 Summer Olympics he won the silver medal in the freestyle -62 kg class . He also won two world champion titles , in 1974 and 1975 in the -62 kg class . In 1977 competing in the freestyle -68 kg class he came in second , taking the Bronze medal .'}]}, {'value': '1976 Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , 20 wrestling events were contested , all for men only . There were 10 weight classes in each of the freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling disciplines .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 62 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_62_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle 62 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Maurice Richard Arena ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsendiin Damdin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsendiin_Damdin', 'summary': "Tsendiin Damdin ( Mongolian : Цэндийн Дамдин ; March 31 , 1957 - February 22 , 2018 ) was a Mongolian wrestler who represented his country in sambo and judo . At the 1980 Summer Olympics he won the silver medal in the men 's Half Lightweight ( 65 kg ) category . In 1979 he won gold medal at World Sambo Championships in lightweight category ."}]}, {'value': '1980 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Judo competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics was the first time that the medal count was not dominated by Japan , since the country joined the boycott of the games because of the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . Medals were awarded to male judoka in eight competitions , seven weight classes and the open competition - two more than in 1976 . All events were held at the Palace of Sports of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki ( south western part of Moscow ) . The schedule started on July 27 and ended on August 2 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 65 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Judo_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_65_kg", 'summary': "Men 's 65 kg competition in Judo at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , Soviet Union was held at Palace of Sports of the Central Lenin Stadium . The gold medal was won by Nikolai Solodukhin of the Soviet Union ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamtsyn Davaajav', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamtsyn_Davaajav', 'summary': 'Jamtsyn Davaajav ( Mongolian : Жамцын Даваажав ; 28 June 1953 - 2000 ) was a Mongolian welterweight wrestler . He competed at the 1976 Olympics in Greco-Roman and at the 1980 Olympics in freestyle wrestling and won a silver medal in 1980 . In freestyle wrestling he also won a bronze medal at the 1978 Asian Games and placed fourth at the 1977 and 1979 world championships .'}]}, {'value': '1980 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Wrestling at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by twenty events ( all - men 's individual ) . They were split into two disciplines ( ten events each ) : Freestyle and Greco-Roman . All events were held in the Wrestling hall of the Sports Complex of the Central Sports Club of the Army ( north-western part of Moscow ) between 20 and 31 July ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 74 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_74_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle 74 kg at the 1980 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Athletics Fieldhouse , Central Sports Club of the Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ravdangiin Davaadalai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ravdangiin_Davaadalai', 'summary': "Ravdangiin Davaadalai ( Mongolian : Равдангийн Даваадалай ; born March 20 , 1954 ) is a retired Mongolian judoka . At the 1980 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's Lightweight ( 71 kg ) category ."}]}, {'value': '1980 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Judo competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics was the first time that the medal count was not dominated by Japan , since the country joined the boycott of the games because of the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . Medals were awarded to male judoka in eight competitions , seven weight classes and the open competition - two more than in 1976 . All events were held at the Palace of Sports of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki ( south western part of Moscow ) . The schedule started on July 27 and ended on August 2 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 71 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Judo_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_71_kg", 'summary': "Men 's 71 kg competition in Judo at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , Soviet Union was held at Palace of Sports of the Central Lenin Stadium . The gold medal won by Ezio Gamba from Italy ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dugarsürengiin Oyuunbold', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dugarsürengiin_Oyuunbold', 'summary': "Dugarsurengiin Oyunbold ( Mongolian : Дугарсүрэнгийн Оюунболд ; b. December 25 , 1957 - d. 2002 ) was a Mongolian wrestler . At the 1980 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's Freestyle Bantamweight category ."}]}, {'value': '1980 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Wrestling at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by twenty events ( all - men 's individual ) . They were split into two disciplines ( ten events each ) : Freestyle and Greco-Roman . All events were held in the Wrestling hall of the Sports Complex of the Central Sports Club of the Army ( north-western part of Moscow ) between 20 and 31 July ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's freestyle 57 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_freestyle_57_kg", 'summary': "The Men 's Freestyle 57 kg at the 1980 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Athletics Fieldhouse , Central Sports Club of the Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nergüin Enkhbat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nergüin_Enkhbat', 'summary': "Nergüin Enkhbat ( Mongolian : Нэргүйн Энхбат ; born March 19 , 1962 ) is a retired Mongolian boxer , born in Ulaanbaatar . At the 1988 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's lightweight division ."}]}, {'value': '1988 Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in the Chamshil Students ' Gymnasium in Seoul between 17 September and 2 October . Twelve men 's individual boxing events were contested , attended by 432 athletes and 159 officials from 106 countries . Cuba boycotted the 1988 Olympics which impacted the competition . The events were also notable for a controversial decision in the light middleweight championship bout between Roy Jones Jr. and Park Si-Hun , when Roy Jones was denied gold despite being vastly superior , and also for a referee being attacked by South Korean boxing officials in the ring after the Jong-Il Byun and Aleksandar Khristov bout ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's lightweight", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics_–_Lightweight', 'summary': "The men 's lightweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1988 Summer Olympics . The weight class allowed boxers of up to 60 kilograms to compete . The competition was held from 19 September to 1 October 1988 . 39 boxers from 39 nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Namjilyn Bayarsaikhan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namjilyn_Bayarsaikhan', 'summary': "Namjilyn Bayarsaikhan ( Mongolian : Намжилын Баярсайхан ; born August 10 , 1965 ) is a retired Mongolian boxer . At the 1992 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men 's Lightweight category . He was born in Zavkhan Province ."}]}, {'value': '1992 Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Boxing at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place in the old Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona in Barcelona . The boxing schedule began on 26 July and ended on 9 August . Twelve boxing events ( all men 's individual ) were contested , with the participation of 336 athletes from 78 countries ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's lightweight", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_–_Lightweight', 'summary': "The men 's lightweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1992 Summer Olympics . The weight class allowed boxers of up to 60 kilograms to compete . The competition was held from 30 July to 8 August 1992 . 29 boxers from 29 nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorjsürengiin Mönkhbayar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dorjsürengiin_Mönkhbayar', 'summary': "Munkhbayar Dorjsuren ( born Dorjsürengiin Mönkhbayar , Mongolian : Доржсүрэнгийн Мөнхбаяр ; born July 9 , 1969 ) is a Mongolian-German sport shooter . She was born in Ulan Bator , Mongolia , but moved to Germany and became a German citizen . She is the 1992 Olympic bronze medalist in the Women 's 25 metre pistol for Mongolia and the 2008 Olympic bronze medalist in the same event for Germany . She competes in the 25 metre and 10 metre air pistol events ."}]}, {'value': '1992 Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The shooting competitions at the 1992 Summer Olympics took place at a shooting range complex in Mollet del Vallès outside Barcelona , Spain . Competitions were held in a total of thirteen events - seven men 's events , four women 's events , and two events open to both genders . It was the first time a woman ( Zhang Shan in the skeet competition ) took a gold medal in such an open event , and also the last time they were held . It was also the first games for 10 metre running target , which replaced 50 metre running target on the Olympic program , as well as the first games with the new targets in all rifle and pistol events except 50 metre pistol , leading to a numerous automatic Olympic records . The shooting events at the 1992 Olympics mark the first time that Independent Olympic Participants , competing under the Olympic flag , have won medals in any sport at any Olympic competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 25 metre pistol", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_25_metre_pistol", 'summary': "Women 's 25 metre pistol ( then called sport pistol ) was one of the thirteen shooting events at the 1992 Summer Olympics . It was the first Olympic competition after the introduction of the new rapid fire target in 1989 , and thus two Olympic records were set , both by Marina Logvinenko ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorjpalamyn Narmandakh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dorjpalamyn_Narmandakh', 'summary': "Dorjpalamyn Narmandakh ( Mongolian : Доржпаламын Нармандах ; born December 18 , 1975 ) is a Mongolian judoka . At the 1996 Summer Olympics , he won the bronze medal in the men 's extra lightweight ( < 60 kg ) category , together with Richard Trautmann ."}]}, {'value': '1996 Atlanta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'This page shows the final results of the Judo Competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 60 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Judo_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_60_kg", 'summary': "These are the results of the Men 's 60 kg ( also known as Extra-Lightweight ) competition in judo at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia . A total of 34 men competed in this event , limited to jūdōka whose body weight was less than , or equal to , 60 kilograms . Competition took place in the Georgia World Congress Center ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khashbaataryn Tsagaanbaatar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khashbaataryn_Tsagaanbaatar', 'summary': 'Khashbaataryn Tsagaanbaatar ( Mongolian : Хашбаатарын Цагаанбаатар ) is the single medal winner from Mongolia at the 2004 Summer Olympics . He won a bronze medal in judo . He became the first Mongolian to win the gold medal at the World Judo Championships in Rotterdam in 2009 . Tsagaanbaatar is also the older brother of LSU quarterback Naimanzuunnadintsetseg Tsagaanbaatar . He also took gold medal in the 2006 Asian Games . Recently he also won a gold medal at the 2007 New York Open in the under-66 kg weight division . He won with a traditional technique , the kata guruma ( shoulder wheel ) .'}]}, {'value': '2004 Athens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall and featured 368 judoka competing for 14 gold medals with seven different weight categories in both the men 's and women 's competitions . Japan dominated the event by taking 8 gold and 2 silver medals . Gold and silver medals in each weight class were determined by a single-elimination bracket . There was a repechage for those who are eliminated by one of the eventual semifinalists . Since there are four semifinalists , this means that four of the losers of the round of 32 ( i.e. , 25% ) faced four of the losers from the round of 16 ( 50% ) . The winners of these matches faced the four judokas who have lost in the quarterfinals . The winners , then , of these four matches faced each other to narrow the repechage field down to two judokas . Until this stage , the repechage has been segregated into two distinct halves , with each successive competitor facing another one from the same half of the original bracket ; but each of the two judokas who emerge from the repechage challenged the loser of the other bracket 's semifinal . ( Since these two always come from opposite halves of the original bracket , they could not have faced each other already . ) The winners of these two matches were each awarded a bronze medal , making judo unusual among Olympic events in not determining a single third-place finisher . There was controversy in the men 's competition , when Iranian competitor and two-times world champion Arash Miresmaeili weighed in overweight and was disqualified before a match in which he would have faced Israeli judoka Ehud Vaks . Miresmaeili 's comments strongly suggested that he had intentionally disqualified himself so as not to compete against an Israeli ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 60 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Judo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_60_kg", 'summary': "Men 's 60 kg competition in judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 14 at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall . This event was the lightest of the men 's judo weight classes , limiting competitors to a maximum of 60 kilograms of body mass . Like all other judo events , bouts lasted five minutes . If the bout was still tied at the end , it was extended for another five-minute , sudden-death period ; if neither judoka scored during that period , the match is decided by the judges . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage . The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket 's repechage in bronze medal bouts ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naidangiin_Tüvshinbayar', 'summary': 'Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar ( Mongolian : Найдангийн Түвшинбаяр born 1 June 1984 ) is a Mongolian judoka . He is the 2008 Olympic Champion , 2012 Olympic silver medalist , 2014 Asian games champion , 2015 World Bronze medalist , 2016 Asian championship Gold medalist , 2007 silver medalist and two-time ( 2008,2011 ) bronze medalist in -100 kg division . At the 2006 Asian Games he finished in joint fifth place in both the heavyweight ( -100 kg ) division and the open weight class division . In the same division , he won a gold medal at the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing . He was the first Mongolian ever to win a gold medal at the Olympics , by defeating Kazakhstani judoka Askhat Zhitkeyev . On 14 August 2008 , he was inducted as the state honored athlete of Mongolia as well as hero of labor . In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , he won a silver medal , becoming the first Olympic multimedalist from Mongolia . He won his silver medal despite suffering a serious injury in the semifinal bout .'}]}, {'value': '2008 Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Judo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Judo_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Judo competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from August 9 to August 15 at the Beijing Science and Technology University Gymnasium . This was the fifth Olympics for Driulys González ( Cuba ) , Mária Pekli ( Australia ) , Ryoko Tamura-Tani ( Japan ) . The only other judokas to compete at five Olympics are Belgian Robert Van de Walle and Puerto Rican judoka-bobsledder Jorge Bonnet .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Judo_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 100 kg judo competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics was held on August 14 at the Beijing Science and Technology University Gymnasium . Preliminary rounds started at 12:00 pm CST . Repechage finals , semifinals , bouts for bronze medals and the final were held at 8:00 pm CST . This event was the second-heaviest of the men 's judo weight classes , limiting competitors to a maximum of 100 kilograms of body mass . Like all other judo events , bouts lasted five minutes . If the bout was still tied at the end , it was extended for another five-minute , sudden-death period ; if neither judoka scored during that period , the match is decided by the judges . The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match . There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals . Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage . The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket 's repechage in bronze medal bouts ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enkhbatyn Badar-Uugan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enkhbatyn_Badar-Uugan', 'summary': 'Enkhbatyn Badar-Uugan ( Mongolian : Энхбатын Бадар-Ууган ; born June 3 , 1985 in Ulaanbaatar ) is a retired boxer from Mongolia who became the first Olympic boxing champion from his country when he won the gold medal in the Bantamweight ( -54 kg ) division at the 2008 Olympics . He was almost the first Mongolian to win Olympic gold in any sport but was beaten by Judoka Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar by a couple of days .'}]}, {'value': '2008 Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The boxing programme of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China was held at the Workers Indoor Arena . Medals were awarded in eleven events , with each event corresponding to a recognized weight division of male boxers . The 2008 games were the last Olympic boxing competition to exclude women , as the International Olympic Committee approved the introduction of female boxing events for the 2012 London Olympics . Like other Olympic combat sports , two bronze medals are awarded ; in the case of boxing , both losing semi-finalists receive a bronze medal , with no further play-off . As a result , the quarter-final essentially equates to a bronze medal match , a semi-final to a silver medal match , and the final to a gold medal match . 44 medals are therefore available , 22 of which are bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's bantamweight", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_–_Bantamweight', 'summary': 'The bantamweight competition was the third-lowest weight class featured in amateur boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics , and was held at the Workers Indoor Arena . Bantamweights were limited to a maximum of 54 kilograms in body mass . Like all Olympic boxing events , the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament . Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals , so no boxers competed again after their first loss . Bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each , with one-minute breaks between rounds . Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent . Five judges scored each bout ; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score . The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otryadyn Gündegmaa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otryadyn_Gündegmaa', 'summary': 'Otryadyn Gündegmaa ( Mongolian : Отрядын Гүндэгмаа ; born 23 May 1978 ) , is a Mongolian sports shooter . She competed in 10 m and 25 m pistol events at the 1996 , 2000 , 2004 , 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics , and had her best results in the 25 pistol , winning a silver medal in 2008 and placing fifth-sixth in 1996-2004 .'}]}, {'value': '2008 Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Shooting competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from August 9 to August 17 , at the Beijing Shooting Range Hall ( rifle and pistol events ) and Beijing Shooting Range Clay Target Field ( shotgun events ) . Of the fifteen events , the host country won five . Highlights included :'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 25 m metre pistol", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_25_metre_pistol", 'summary': "The Women 's 25 metre pistol event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on August 13 at the Beijing Shooting Range Hall . It was won by the reigning World champion , Chen Ying of the host nation , while Otryadyn Gündegmaa won Mongolia 's second Olympic medal in shooting ahead of Munkhbayar Dorjsuren who won its first , 16 years earlier , but now competes for Germany . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a pistol at 25 metres distance . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . The first 30 shots were in the precision stage , with series of 5 shots being shot within 5 minutes . The second set of 30 shots gave shooters 3 seconds to take each shot . The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 20 shots . These shots scored in increments of .1 , with a maximum score of 10.9 . They were fired in four sets of 5 rapid fire shots . The total score from all 80 shots was used to determine final ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pürevdorjiin Serdamba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pürevdorjiin_Serdamba', 'summary': 'Pürevdorjiin Serdamba ( Mongolian : Пүрэвдоржийн Сэрдамба ; April 18 , 1985 ) is a retired Mongolian amateur boxer . He won a silver medal at the 2008 Olympics in the junior flyweight division . He became the first Mongolian to win a gold medal at the World Amateur Boxing Championships in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': '2008 Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The boxing programme of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China was held at the Workers Indoor Arena . Medals were awarded in eleven events , with each event corresponding to a recognized weight division of male boxers . The 2008 games were the last Olympic boxing competition to exclude women , as the International Olympic Committee approved the introduction of female boxing events for the 2012 London Olympics . Like other Olympic combat sports , two bronze medals are awarded ; in the case of boxing , both losing semi-finalists receive a bronze medal , with no further play-off . As a result , the quarter-final essentially equates to a bronze medal match , a semi-final to a silver medal match , and the final to a gold medal match . 44 medals are therefore available , 22 of which are bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's light flyweight", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_–_Light_flyweight', 'summary': 'The Light Flyweight class in the boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics competition is the lightest class . Light flyweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 48 kilograms ( 105.8 lbs ) . 29 boxers qualified for this category after the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships and 9 Continental Qualification Tournaments . The only Olympic medalist to participate at the Beijing Games is the host country boxer , Zou Shiming , bronze at the 2004 Games and defending World Champion . Like all Olympic boxing events , the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament . Both semifinal losers were awarded bronze medals , so no boxers competed again after their first loss . Bouts consisted of four rounds of two minutes each , with one-minute breaks between rounds . Punches scored only if the white area on the front of the glove made full contact with the front of the head or torso of the opponent . Five judges scored each bout ; three of the judges had to signal a scoring punch within one second for the punch to score . The winner of the bout was the boxer who scored the most valid punches by the end of the bout .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nyambayaryn Tögstsogt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nyambayaryn_Tögstsogt', 'summary': "Tugstsogt Nyambayar ( Mongolian : Нямбаярын Төгсцогт , romanized : Nyambayaryn Tögstsogt ; born 23 June 1992 ) is a Mongolian professional boxer who has held the IBO featherweight title since 2019 . As an amateur , he won silver medals at the 2009 World Championships and 2012 London Olympics . As of January 2020 , he is ranked as the world 's fifth best active featherweight by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board and sixth by The Ring and BoxRec ."}]}, {'value': '2012 London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The boxing tournaments at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . A total of 286 competitors took part in 13 events . For the first time at an Olympic Games , women competed in three boxing events . The first Olympic gold medal in women 's boxing was awarded to Nicola Adams from Great Britain , who won the flyweight tournament on 9 August 2012 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 52kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_flyweight", 'summary': "The men 's flyweight boxing competition at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held from 30 July to 12 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre . The gold medal was won by Robeisy Ramírez Twenty-six boxers from 26 nations are competing ."}]}], 'section_title': 'List of medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Mongolia_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': "Mongolia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, and has sent athletes to compete in all but one Summer Olympic Games since then, having joined in the boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics led by the Soviet Union. Mongolia has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 1964, missing only the 1976 Winter Games. Mongolian athletes have won a total of 26 medals, all in Summer Olympics competitions, in freestyle wrestling, boxing, shooting, and judo. Prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, Mongolia had won more silver and bronze medals without winning any gold medals than any other nation. Mongolia won their first ever gold medal in Judo, with Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar winning in the Men's half heavyweight. The first successful international-level athlete from Mongolia is the wrestler Jigjidiin Mönkhbat, his records: in 1967 he won a bronze medal at the world championships, next year he won a silver medal at the Summer Olympics (win - 4, draw - 2, loss - 0). The Mongolian National Olympic Committee was created in 1956 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1962."}
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Who is the sumo wrestling son of the silver medalist in men 's freestyle 87 kg wrestling at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics ?
Hakuhō Shō
fec22c465cf9dd2f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_College_Baseball_All-America_Team', 'title': '1950 College Baseball All-America Team', 'header': ['Position', 'Name', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': 'Murray Wall ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murray_Wall_(baseball)', 'summary': "Murray Wesley Wall ( September 19 , 1926 - October 8 , 1971 ) was an American middle relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played between the 1950 and 1959 seasons for the Boston Braves ( 1950 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 1957-59 ) and Washington Senators ( 1959 ) . Listed at 6 feet 3 inches ( 1.91 m ) , 185 pounds ( 84 kg ) , Wall batted and threw right-handed . A native of Dallas , he was signed by the Braves in 1950 as a free agent out of the University of Texas at Austin . In a four-season career , Murray posted a 13-14 record with a 4.20 ERA and 14 saves in 91 appearances ( one start ) , including 82 strikeouts , 63 walks , and 193.0 innings pitched . In his last MLB season , 1959 , Wall was traded by Boston to the Washington Senators on June 11 in a four-player deal that included Senator pitcher Dick Hyde . He appeared in one game for Washington before being returned to the Red Sox on June 14 when Hyde 's sore arm voided the Wall-for-Hyde portion of the transaction . Murray committed suicide by gunshot on his farm near Lone Oak , Texas at the age of 45 ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_baseball', 'summary': "The Texas Longhorns baseball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men 's baseball competition . The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference . The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in baseball in 1894 . Texas is the winningest NCAA Division I college baseball program in terms of win percentage , with an all-time win-loss record of 3585-1354-32 ( .724 ) as of the end of the 2019 season . The Longhorns rank second in all-time wins as of June 11 , 2018 , behind the Fordham Rams . As of the end of the 2018 conference season , Texas has won 78 regular season conference championships and 16 conference tournament championships in baseball . The Longhorns have won six NCAA baseball national championships ( 1949 , 1950 , 1975 , 1983 , 2002 , 2005 ) - tied with LSU and second to Southern California 's total of 12 - and have been the runner-up in the College World Series ( CWS ) Championship Games on six other occasions ( 1953 , 1984 , 1985 , 1989 , 2004 , 2009 ) . Texas holds the records for most appearances in the College World Series ( 36 ) , most individual CWS games won ( 85 ) , most overall NCAA Tournament games won ( 240 ) , and most NCAA Tournament appearances ( 59 ) ; the second-place programs in these categories have 25 CWS appearances ( Miami ) , wins in 74 CWS games ( Southern California ) , 192 overall NCAA Tournament wins ( Florida State and Miami ) , and 56 NCAA Tournament appearances ( Florida State ) , as of June 11 , 2018 . Former Longhorns who have gone on to success in Major League Baseball include Roger Clemens , Calvin Schiraldi , Burt Hooton , Keith Moreland , Spike Owen , Mark Petkovsek , Greg Swindell , Brandon Belt , and Huston Street . From 1997 to 2016 , the Longhorns were led by head coach Augie Garrido , who holds the record for most wins in NCAA baseball history . The team is currently led by third-year head coach David Pierce . Texas plays its home games at UFCU-Disch-Falk Field ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': 'Tom Casey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NYU_Violets', 'summary': 'NYU Violets is the nickname of the sports teams and other competitive teams at New York University . The school colors are purple and white . Although officially known as the Violets , the school mascot is a bobcat . The Violets compete as a member of NCAA Division III in the University Athletic Association conference . The university sponsors 23 varsity sports , as well as club teams and intramural sports .'}]}, {'value': 'Catcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catcher', 'summary': "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Murray', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Wildcats_baseball', 'summary': "The Arizona Wildcats baseball team is the intercollegiate men 's baseball program representing the University of Arizona in Tucson , Arizona , United States . They compete in the Pac-12 Conference ( Pac-12 ) of NCAA Division I . The baseball team had its first season in 1904 . The baseball team has captured four national championship titles in 1976 , 1980 , 1986 and 2012 , with the first three coached by Jerry Kindall and the most recent by Andy Lopez . The team has appeared in the NCAA National Championship title series eight times ( 1956 , 1959 , 1963 , 1976 , 1980 , 1986 , 2012 , and 2016 ) . They have appeared in 34 baseball tournaments in their rich history . Arizona is ranked seventh in all-time regular season game wins with 2,347 ."}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Fred Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Taylor_(basketball,_born_1924)', 'summary': "Frederick Rankin Taylor ( December 3 , 1924 - January 6 , 2002 ) was a college men 's basketball coach for The Ohio State University from 1959 to 1976 . Prior to that , he played baseball for the Washington Senators ."}]}, {'value': 'Ohio State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_baseball', 'summary': "The Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team is the college baseball team of The Ohio State University . The program , founded in 1881 , was the first athletic team in Ohio State history . Bill Davis Stadium in Columbus , Ohio has been the home field of the program since 1997 . The team won a National Title in 1966 , and also 14 Big Ten Titles throughout the team 's history . It is currently coached by Greg Beals . Ohio State has produced many professional baseball players , such as major leaguers Steve Arlin , Frank Howard , Nick Swisher , Barry Bonnell , Dave Burba , and Fred Taylor ."}]}, {'value': 'Second baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_baseman', 'summary': 'In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Teague ( 3 ) ♦', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Teague_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Charles Clyde Teague ( born 1924 ) was an American professional baseball player . A second baseman , he played in minor league baseball . As a college baseball player for Wake Forest University , he was named an All-American in three seasons . In 2010 , he was inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Wake Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wake_Forest_Demon_Deacons_baseball', 'summary': 'The Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team represents Wake Forest University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The program competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . They won the 1955 College World Series . They are coached by Tom Walter .'}]}, {'value': 'Third baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_baseman', 'summary': "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ."}]}, {'value': 'William Killinger', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lafayette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lafayette_Leopards', 'summary': "The Lafayette Leopards represent the 23 Division I varsity athletic teams of Lafayette College and compete in the Patriot League . There are 11 men 's teams , 11 women 's teams , and one co-ed team . The club teams also compete as the Leopards . Though not a varsity sport , crew and ice hockey are very competitive at Lafayette and play in intercollegiate club leagues . Lafayette 's primary rival in every sport is the Lehigh Mountain Hawks of nearby Lehigh University . Bucknell University is also a major rival and other league and school rivalries exist on an individual sport level . Lafayette 's student-athletes generally lead the NCAA in academic performance . In 2011 , 16 of Lafayette 's 23 teams academic performance scored within the top ten percent of their respective sport . Lafayette led the Patriot League , which placed second behind the Ivy League . Lafayette 's first recorded athletic event outside of the student body was a baseball game against Easton amateurs , a 44-11 win on November 8 , 1865 . The first recorded intercollegiate match was a 45-45 tie in a baseball game against Lehigh in October 1869 ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': 'John Hrasch', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_Bobcats', 'summary': "The Ohio Bobcats are the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Ohio University , located in Athens , Ohio , United States . Ohio University is a charter member ( 1946 ) of the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) , is currently in the East Division of that conference , and sponsors teams in six men 's and ten women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The football team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level for college football ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Jay Roundy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USC_Trojans', 'summary': "The USC Trojans are the athletic teams that represent the University of Southern California ( USC ) , located in Los Angeles , California . While the men 's teams are nicknamed the Trojans , the women 's athletic teams are referred to as either the Trojans or Women of Troy ( the university officially approves both terms ) . The program participates in the Pac-12 Conference and has won 130 team national championships , 107 of which are National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) national championships . USC 's official colors are cardinal and gold . The Trojans have a cross-town rivalry with UCLA . However , USC 's rivalry with Notre Dame predates the UCLA rivalry by three years . The Notre Dame rivalry stems mainly from the annual football game played between these two universities and is considered the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Ray Van Cleef', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ray_Van_Cleef', 'summary': "Ray Van Cleef ( c. 1911 - May 26 , 1964 ) was an American baseball player , artist 's model , magazine editor and columnist ."}]}, {'value': 'Rutgers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights', 'summary': "The Rutgers Scarlet Knights are the athletic teams that represent Rutgers University 's New Brunswick campus . In sports , Rutgers is chiefly known for being the Birthplace of College Football , hosting the first ever intercollegiate football game on November 6 , 1869 in which Rutgers defeated a team from the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) with a score of 6 runs to 4 . ( Roughly 36-24 currently ) Among the first American schools to participate in intercollegiate athletics , Rutgers currently fields 27 teams in the Big Ten Conference which participates in Division I competition , as sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the following sports : baseball , basketball , crew , cross country , field hockey , football , golf , gymnastics , lacrosse , soccer , softball , tennis , track and field , swimming and diving , wrestling , and volleyball . The athletic programs compete under the name Scarlet Knights , after the Rutgers University mascot which was chosen in 1955 by the student body . The Rutgers campuses in Newark and Camden also participate in intercollegiate competition - under the names Scarlet Raiders and Scarlet Raptors , respectively - in NCAA Division III ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Cerv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Cerv', 'summary': "Robert Henry Cerv ( /sərv/ sərv ; May 5 , 1925 - April 6 , 2017 ) was an American professional baseball left fielder . Prior to his professional career , he was a collegiate baseball and basketball player at the University of Nebraska . He was born in Weston , Nebraska and served in the U.S. Navy during World War II . Cerv signed with the New York Yankees in 1950 and was a little-used reserve outfielder on the Yankee teams of the early 1950s . According to sportswriter Robert Creamer , interviewed for the Ken Burns film Baseball , one afternoon , Yankees manager Casey Stengel approached Cerv in the Yankees ' dugout , sat down nearby , and commented There 's not many people that know this , but one of us has been traded to Kansas City . Following the 1956 season , Cerv was sold to the Kansas City Athletics , where he became a regular . His best season was 1958 , when he hit .305 , hit 38 homers , and had 104 RBIs , was elected to the American League All-Star team , beating out Ted Williams for the starting spot . He also finished 4th in the MVP voting that year . He did all of this while playing injured part of the season . Cerv also participated in the Home Run Derby , where he defeated Frank Robinson . He followed up in 1959 with 20 homers and 87 RBIs . On August 20 , 1959 , Cerv hit 3 home runs against the Boston Red Sox in an 11-10 loss ."}]}, {'value': 'Nebraska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nebraska_Cornhuskers_baseball', 'summary': "The Nebraska Cornhuskers baseball team competes as part of NCAA Division I , representing the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in the Big Ten Conference . The program began play in 1889 . Nebraska has been to 17 NCAA baseball tournaments and advanced to four super regionals ( 2000-02 , 2005 ) and three College World Series ( 2001 , 2002 , 2005 ) . The Cornhuskers have won seven regular season conference championships ( 1929 , 1948 , 1950 , 2001 , 2003 , 2005 , 2017 ) and four conference tournament championships ( 1999-2001 , 2005 ) . They have had eighteen 40-win seasons , including nine since 1999 , as well as three 50-win seasons . Nebraska 's all-time record is 2,166-1,573-19 ( .579 ) overall and 830-791-2 ( .512 ) in conference play . Since 1999 , the Cornhuskers are 703-389-2 ( .645 ) . The program 's record in Big 12 play was 215-189-1 ( .533 ) , and is 111-77-1 ( .590 ) through eight years in the Big Ten era . The Cornhuskers won their first Big Ten championship in 2017 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'All-Americans', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1950_College_Baseball_All-America_Team_0', 'intro': 'An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position - who in turn are given the honorific All-America and typically referred to as All-American athletes, or simply All-Americans. Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. From 1947-1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.'}
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What position did the player who also worked as a magazine editor play ?
Outfielder
fec3b8b76422f122
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Malaysia_Super_League', 'title': '2012 Malaysia Super League', 'header': ['Club', 'Visa 1', 'Visa 2', 'Visa 3', 'Visa 4'], 'data': [{'value': 'Felda United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felda_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'FELDA United Football Club is a professional Malaysian football club based in Jengka , Pahang which is owned by Federal Land Development Authority ( FELDA ) . The club currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , Malaysia Super League , after being crowned the 2018 Malaysia Premier League Champions to be promoted into the Super League . Known as The Fighters among the fans , FELDA United has participated in the Malaysian football league since 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mickaël Antoine-Curier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mickaël_Antoine-Curier', 'summary': 'Mickaël Antoine-Curier ( born 5 March 1983 ) is a professional footballer who last played for FC Mulhouse . He has been capped by the Guadeloupe national team as a striker . At club level , he has previously played in seven countries At international level , he has played for Guadeloupe in the Caribbean Cup and the CONCACAF Gold Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Eddy Viator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddy_Viator', 'summary': 'Eddy Viator ( born 2 June 1982 ) is a footballer who plays for Guadeloupe club Solidarité-Scolaire as a defender .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johor FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor_FC', 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club ( Malay : Kelab Bola Sepak Johor Darul Ta'zim ) , or simply JDT , is a football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . The club was founded in 1972 ( as PKENJ FC ) and currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim . In 2014 , JDT gained their first major honour by winning the national league during the first season under Croatian manager Bojan Hodak . Under Argentine Mario Gómez 's tutelage , they won the 2015 AFC Cup as well as the Malaysian Piala Sumbangsih and 2015 Super League . By winning the AFC Cup , JDT became the second Malaysian team since 1967 to enter a final of a major continental competition , and the first ever Malaysian club to win a continental title . JDT is the first team in the country to win six consecutive league titles ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) . Before this achievement , no team had ever won the league championship more than twice in a row since the league system was first introduced in Malaysia in 1979 . Since 2012 , Johor Darul Ta'zim FC also implied a new nickname Southern Tigers ( Malay : Harimau Selatan ) , replacing the old nickname Jengking ( Scorpion ) . The new nickname is based on the Johor State Council coat of arms . The team 's home ground is a 40,000 capacity Sultan Ibrahim Larkin Stadium . Since 2013 , the club has developed a fierce rivalry with Pahang FA and Felda United ."}]}, {'value': 'Arthuro Henrique Bernhardt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthuro_Henrique_Bernhardt', 'summary': 'Arthuro Henrique Bernhardt ( born 27 August 1982 ) , known simply as Arthuro , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a centre forward . He also held an Italian passport .'}]}, {'value': 'Fernando de Abreu Ferreira', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernando_de_Abreu_Ferreira', 'summary': 'Fernando Augusto de Abreu Ferreira ( born 3 October 1984 ) , known as Abreu , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a central defender . He also holds Portuguese citizenship .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kedah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kedah_FA', 'summary': 'Kedah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bola Sepak Kedah ) is a football association that supervises football in the state of Kedah , Malaysia . They are the only team in the history of Malaysian football to have achieved treble titles twice , in 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons . Kedah FA is a professional football team from Malaysia that is based in Alor Setar . It represents the state of Kedah , under the supervision of Kedah Football Association . Kedah FA currently plays in the Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Abdulfatah Safi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdulfatah_Safi', 'summary': 'Abdelfatah Aftha Safi ( born May 23 , 1981 ) is a French footballer of Moroccan origin who is currently playing for Sabah FA in the 2013 Malaysia Premier League . Abdulfatah was born in Meaux , a small commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region to Moroccan parents . [ citation needed ] Abdulfatah started his career with AS Poissy at the age of 20 . As an attacking midfielder , Abdelfatah Safi had played for several clubs in different countries such as AS Poissy in France , Najran in Saudi Arabia , Al-Salmiya SC in Kuwait and Al-Najma in Bahrain . After a successful trial , Safi joined Kedah FA , a team playing in the Malaysia Super League , in 2012 . He was not retained by Kedah for the 2013 season , but joined another Malaysian team , Sabah FA in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vedran Gerc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vedran_Gerc', 'summary': 'Vedran Gerc ( born 14 February 1986 ) is a Croatian footballer who plays for Orijent 1919 in the Croatian Second Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelantan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'Obinna Nwaneri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Obinna_Nwaneri', 'summary': "Obinna Nwaneri ( born 18 March 1982 ) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as centre back or right back position but also can play as a forward . His name , Obinna , means Father 's heart in Igbo . He is described as mobile central defender with pace , control and timing . A natural leader , which had earned him the captain armband in Enyimba and FC Sion respectively . His star has steadily continued to rise , first with top Nigerian side , Julius Berger , then with African Champions Enyimba , where he won the CAF champions league and then he signed with Swiss club FC Sion during the 2007 January transfer window , a club he later captained before leaving the following summer ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohammed Ghaddar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammed_Ghaddar', 'summary': "Mohammed Mahmoud Ghaddar ( Arabic : محمد محمود غدار ; born 1 January 1984 ) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Malaysian club Johor Darul Ta'zim II ."}]}, {'value': 'Mijo Dadic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mijo_Dadic', 'summary': 'Mijo Dadić ( born 15 October 1981 in Rijeka ) is a Croatian football ( soccer ) player . He previously played for Pelita Bandung Raya in the Indonesia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Keita Mandjou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keita_Mandjou', 'summary': 'Mandjou Keita ( born 28 November 1986 ) is a Guinean international footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuala Lumpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_FA', 'summary': 'Kuala Lumpur Football Association is a football association who supervising the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur Football Association was formed in 1975 to oversee footballing in Kuala Lumpur . The association was founded by K. Rasalingam and Goh Ah Chai as the Federal Territory Football Association in 1975 and entered Malaysian football competitions in 1979 before being renamed Kuala Lumpur Football Association in 1986 . Kuala Lumpur had its most successful period in the late 1980s after being crowned the league champions twice in 1986 and 1988 . They also won the Malaysia Cup for three consecutive years in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 . The team enjoyed considerable success in cup competitions in the 1990s , winning the Malaysian FA Cup in 1993 , 1994 and 1999 . Kuala Lumpur won the Malaysian Charity Shield , also known as the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Cup on three occasions , in 1988 , 1995 and 2000 . Following its founding , a fierce rivalry developed between Kuala Lumpur and Selangor mainly due to their geographical location . The battle between these two teams is often referred to as the Klang Valley Derby which was renewed in the 2010 season after KL ended a seven-year spell in the second-tier with promotion to the Malaysia Super League . KL were relegated to the second-tier Malaysia Premier League in 2012 and the following year , in 2013 , Kuala Lumpur were relegated to the third-tier Malaysia FAM League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'Zakaria Charara ( on loan from Kelantan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zakaria_Charara', 'summary': 'Zakaria Yehya Charara ( Arabic : زكريا يحيى شرارة ; born 1 January 1986 ) is a Lebanese professional football player who plays as a midfielder for Lebanese Second Division club Club Sagesse .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'Emmanuel Okine ( on loan from Kelantan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmanuel_Okine', 'summary': 'Emmanuel Ayaah Okine ( born 17 December 1991 ) , simply known as Emmanuel Okine , is a Ghanaian footballer who plays as a centre defender for FK Mjølner . Emmanuel previously played for Great Olympics in the Ghana Premier League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Jean-Emmanuel Effa Owona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Emmanuel_Effa_Owona', 'summary': 'Jean-Emmanuel Effa Owona ( born 26 December 1983 in Cameroon ) is a Cameroonian footballer who last played as a striker for Negeri Sembilan FA in the Malaysia Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Marian Farbák', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marian_Farbák', 'summary': 'Marian Farbák ( born 10 February 1983 in Myjava ) is a Slovak football player who is currently playing for TJ Jednota Brestovec in the Slovakian League . He played in the Gambrinus liga in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2008 . Marian is a product of the TJ Spartak Myjava youth academy .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T-Team_F.C.', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': 'Bojan Petrić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bojan_Petrić', 'summary': 'Bojan Petrić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Бојан Петрић , born 29 November 1984 in Slavonski Brod ) is a Bosnian-Herzegovinian football player currently plays as a defender for Polet Brod .'}]}, {'value': 'Marco Tulio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marco_Tulio', 'summary': 'Marco Tulio Lopes Silva also known as Tula ( born February 28 , 1981 ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'Michal Kubala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michal_Kubala', 'summary': "Michal Kubala ( born 12 June 1980 ) is a Slovakia footballer who plays as a midfielder for TJ Družstevník Veľké Ludince in the Slovak 3 . Liga . In 2012 , he played for Perak FA in the 2012 Malaysia Super League season and was the team 's top scorer of the season , securing 13 goals in the league . He was known in the league as a dead-ball specialist , and was Perak 's main free-kick , corner kick and penalty kick taker . His contract was not renewed by Perak at the end of the 2012 season . Kubala was a member of the Slovakia youth teams , appearing for the Slovakia U18 and Slovakia U21 teams . During his time in Malaysia , he also appeared in the Malaysia Selection , a team composed of Malaysia under-21 players and a selection of Malaysia league players , for the 2012 Java Cup invitational tournament in Indonesia . He scored a goal as Malaysia Selection beat Indonesia Selection 6-0 ."}]}, {'value': 'Albert Dominique Ebossé Bodjongo Dika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Dominique_Ebossé_Bodjongo_Dika', 'summary': 'Albert Dominique Ebossé Bodjongo Dika ( 6 October 1989 - 23 August 2014 ) was a Cameroonian football player who played in Cameroon , Malaysia and Algeria .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PKNS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PKNS_F.C.', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor II ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor II ) , also named Selangor II , is the reserve team of Selangor , and based in Shah Alam , in the state of Selangor . Founded in 1967 as part of the sports and recreation club for the Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ( Malay : Kelab Sukan dan Rekreasi Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor ) ( KSR PKNS ) . The club was combined with Football Association of Selangor at end of 2019 as one club and was rebranded as a football club to be known as Selangor II . The team formerly known PKNS FC was then converted into a reserve team as part of the feeder club regulations and will begin the 2020 season as a reserve team of Selangor FA and will play in Premier League , holding home games at Selayang Stadium , with a 16,000-seat capacity . Unlike in England , reserve teams in Malaysia play in the same football pyramid as their first team rather than a separate league . However , reserve teams can not play in the same division as their first team . Therefore , the team is ineligible for promotion to Malaysia Super League , the division in which their parent side competes . Reserve teams are also no longer permitted to enter the cup competitions . The team is officially known as Selangor II on the club 's official promotion and website , but Malaysian Football League , the governing body of Malaysia football League football system rules prohibit reserve teams from having different names than their parent team ."}]}, {'value': 'Michaël Niçoise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michaël_Niçoise', 'summary': 'Mickaël Joseph Niçoise ( born 19 September 1984 ) is a Guadeloupean footballer who plays as a striker for French club Meaux .'}]}, {'value': 'Helmi Loussaief', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helmi_Loussaief', 'summary': 'Helmi Loussaief ( born 12 February 1986 ) is a Tunisian footballer who currently plays for PKNS FC as a midfielder in the Malaysia Super League . After graduating from INF Clairefontaine , Helmi joined AS Monaco B in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabah_FA', 'summary': "Sabah Football Association ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sabah ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sabah . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sabah in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's top division professional football league , the Malaysia Super League . The team 's home matches are played at the 35,000 capacity Likas Stadium in Kota Kinabalu , the capital city of Sabah . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup in 1995 , the Malaysian Premier League ( top tier ) in 1996 , and the Malaysia Premier League ( second tier ) in 2019 . In 1995 , the team also advanced to the second round of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating An Giang of V-League by 3-1 on aggregate , only to crashing out later to Bellmare Hiratsuka ( current Shonan Bellmare ) of J-League by 1-7 on aggregate ."}]}, {'value': 'Brendan Gan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Gan', 'summary': 'Brendan Gan Seng Ling ( simplified Chinese : 颜兴龙 ; traditional Chinese : 顏興龍 ; pinyin : Yán Xìng Lóng ; born 3 June 1988 ) is an Australian-Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Selangor and the Malaysia national team as a midfielder .'}]}, {'value': 'Hendrik Helmke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hendrik_Helmke', 'summary': 'Hendrik Helmke ( born 13 July 1987 ) , commonly known as Dico , is a German football player of Brazilian descent who plays as a midfielder for KPV .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarawak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarawak_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Sarawak ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sarawak ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sarawak . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sarawak in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's second division professional football league , the Malaysia Premier League . The team 's home matches are played at the 26,000 capacity Sarawak State Stadium in Kuching , the capital city of Sarawak . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup ( 1992 ) , Premier League in 1997 and the Malaysia Charity Shield ( 1998 ) . In 1999 , the team advanced to the quarter-finals of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating Ho Chi Minh Customs of V-League by 5-2 on aggregate in the first round and Yangon City Development of Myanmar Premier League by 4-0 on aggregate in the second round , only to crashing out later to Kashima Antlers of J-League by 2-14 on aggregate . In 2013 , the team won the Malaysia Premier League which is their first domestic trophy in 12 years ."}]}, {'value': 'Guy Bwele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guy_Bwele', 'summary': 'Guy Bwele ( born 16 February 1984 at Cameroon ) is a Cameroon footballer . He can play as a defender or as a midfielder . He currently plays for Hobart Zebras in the Tasmanian Victory League . Bwele was always confused with Guy Bwelle , which caused great controversy .'}]}, {'value': 'Joël Epalle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joël_Epalle', 'summary': "Joël Dieudonné Martin Epalle Newaka ( born 20 February 1978 ) is a Cameroonian football player . He mainly played as a right midfielder , but throughout his career he has also played as a Second Striker , more noticeably during his first spell at Iraklis . He was born in Matomb , Cameroon and played youth football in Cameroonian powerhouse Union Douala , the team for which he made his senior debut . After his spell in Cameroon , in 1998 , he moved to Greece where he played football for several clubs including Ethnikos , Panachaiki , Aris , Panathinaikos and Iraklis in a time span of nine and a half years . Subsequently , in January 2007 , he moved to Bundesliga outfit VfL Bochum where he played for three and a half years . After a brief stay at Azerbaijani club FK Baku , in January 2011 he returned to Greece to have a second spell at Iraklis . Epalle was Iraklis ' top-scorer for the 2005-06 season . Started at the end of March 2012 , he has made his first appearance and play for Sarawak FA alongside his fellow Cameroon friend , Guy Bwele . Epalle has won 31 caps for Cameroon . He was a member of the Cameroon side that won the gold medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics football tournament . Epalle was also a member of the Cameroon squad that won the 2002 African Cup of Nations ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'Ramez Dayoub', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ramez_Dayoub', 'summary': 'Ramez Jamal Dayoub ( Arabic : رامز ديوب ; born 9 August 1984 ) is a Lebanese former professional footballer who played as a defender . A former Lebanon national football team player , he has also played his professional football career in Lebanon , Bahrain , and Myanmar .'}]}, {'value': 'Boško Balaban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boško_Balaban', 'summary': 'Boško Balaban ( born 15 October 1978 ) is a Croatian former footballer who played as a striker . He is a former member of the Croatia national team .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LionsXII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LionsXII', 'summary': "LionsXII ( Lions Twelve ) , also known as Singapore LIONSXII , was a Singaporean football club founded in 2011 that played in the Malaysian Liga Super , the top tier of Malaysian football between the 1934 season until their dissolution following the 2015 season . Their home ground was the 8,000-seat Jalan Besar Stadium , where they have played all their home matches since their establishment . Managed by the Football Association of Singapore , the squad marked the return of Singapore to the Malaysian football scene since Singapore FA ( nicknamed Lions ) dissolved following the Malaysia Cup in 1932 . The name is a combination of Lions and XII , which is a special tribute to the fans , who are generally recognised as football 's 12th Man . Its motto was For Country , For Fans . For Passion , For Football . For Makan , For Tulang Merah . For The Future , Forsake The Past . LionsXII 's home kit was in royal red , using the colours of the national flag . Their away kit was in blue , designed to evoke memories of the jersey used in the 1980s and earlier . The club emblem , designed to resemble a lion 's paw , showed a fierce and aggressive-looking fish between the white feathery lines . LionsXII 's first silverware was the 2013 Liga Super trophy , in only their second season in the competition ; they had finished second in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terengganu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': 'Erison da Silva Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erison_da_Silva_Santos', 'summary': 'Erison Da Silva Santos Carnietto , known as Baiano , ( born January 19 , 1981 ) is a Brazilian footballer who is currently unattached , having last played for Terengganu FA in the Malaysia Super League . He is a defensive midfielder and right defender . Baiano previously played for Slavia Sofia in Bulgaria .'}]}, {'value': 'Francis Doe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_Doe', 'summary': 'Francis Forkey Doe ( born 25 December 1985 ) is a Liberian footballer who last plays as a forward for Pahang FA .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Foreign players', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2012_Malaysia_Super_League_2', 'intro': 'The 2012 Liga Super (English: 2012 Super League) also known as the Astro Liga Super for sponsorship reasons is the ninth season of the Liga Super, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia. The season was held from 10 January and concluded in 14 July 2012. The Liga Super champions for 2012 was Kelantan.'}
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Where did the Visa 2 whose Visa 1 plays for the French club Meaux graduate from ?
INF Clairefontaine
fec532d8c0528280
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanvi_Shah', 'title': 'Tanvi Shah', 'header': ['Year', 'Film', 'Song', 'Music Director', 'Language'], 'data': [{'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aayutha Ezhuthu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aayutha_Ezhuthu', 'summary': "Aaytha Ezhuthu ( transl . Three dots ) is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language political thriller film written and directed by Mani Ratnam . It stars Suriya , Madhavan , Siddharth , Trisha , Meera Jasmine , and Esha Deol in the lead roles , while Bharathiraja appears in another pivotal role . The title of the movie was taken from the name of a Tamil letter , ஃ - three dots corresponding to the film 's three different personalities from completely different strata of society . The film 's score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman , while Ravi K. Chandran was the cinematographer and Sreekar Prasad was the editor . The film was simultaneously shot in Hindi as Yuva with an entirely different cast retaining Deol , while a dubbed version in Telugu , Yuva was also released . The film was produced by Ratnam 's home banner , Madras Talkies and was released on 21 May 2004 to positive reviews from the audience , and it gained recognition over the years , becoming a classic and a cult film in Tamil cinema ."}]}, {'value': 'Yakkai Thiri', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamil_language', 'summary': 'Tamil ( /ˈtæmɪl/ ; தமிழ் Tamiḻ [ t̪amiɻ ] , pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka , and by the Tamil diaspora , Sri Lankan Moors , Chindians , and Douglas . Tamil is an official language in three countries : India , Sri Lanka and Singapore . In India , it is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry . Furthermore , Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English , Malay and Mandarin . Tamil is spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world . A. K. Ramanujan described it as the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past . The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world . A recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years . The earliest period of Tamil literature , Sangam literature , is dated from ca . 300 BC - AD 300 .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuva', 'summary': "Yuva ( transl . Youth ) , originally titled Howrah Bridge , is a 2004 Indian political thriller film directed by Mani Ratnam and released in 2004 . The film was simultaneously shot in Tamil as Aaytha Ezhuthu and in Hindi , and is based on the storyline of students entering politics . The film tells the stories of three young men from completely different strata of society and how one fateful incident on Kolkata 's Howrah Bridge which changes their lives forever . The narrative of the story is partially in hyperlink format ."}]}, {'value': 'Fanaa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pudhupettai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pudhupettai', 'summary': "Pudhupettai ( transl . New Hood/Area ) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language gangster film written and directed by Selvaraghavan , starring his brother Dhanush in the lead , and Sneha and Sonia Agarwal in the lead female roles . The film , with music scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja and cinematography by Arvind Krishna , Selvaraghavan 's usual crew members , released on 26 May 2006 , receiving critical acclaim for the music , story , Selvaraghavan 's direction , editing and cinematography ."}]}, {'value': 'Pul Pesum Poo Pesum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamil_language', 'summary': 'Tamil ( /ˈtæmɪl/ ; தமிழ் Tamiḻ [ t̪amiɻ ] , pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka , and by the Tamil diaspora , Sri Lankan Moors , Chindians , and Douglas . Tamil is an official language in three countries : India , Sri Lanka and Singapore . In India , it is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry . Furthermore , Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English , Malay and Mandarin . Tamil is spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala , Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India . Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world . A. K. Ramanujan described it as the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past . The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world . A recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years . The earliest period of Tamil literature , Sangam literature , is dated from ca . 300 BC - AD 300 .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ashok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ashok_(film)', 'summary': "Ashok is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language romantic action film produced by Maharishi Cinema , directed and written by Surender Reddy , starring NTR Jr. , Sameera Reddy , Prakash Raj , and Sonu Sood in the lead roles . It is a movie about redemption in which the title character must make amends to his father after being blamed for his grandmother 's death while meeting a girl who understands him and his burdens ; at the same time , he must also battle against a mafia-like organisation that hates him . The movie was released in Andhra Pradesh on 14 July 2006 . It was an average grosser at the box office . The film was later dubbed into Tamil with the same name and Hindi as The Fighterman Ghayal ."}]}, {'value': 'Mumtaju Mahalu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mani Sharma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mani_Sharma', 'summary': 'Mani Sharma is an Indian composer , singer , arranger , multi-instrumentalist and music producer known for his works primarily in the Telugu cinema , and few bollywood , Tamil , and Kannada films . A recipient of two state Nandi Awards , three Filmfare Awards South , two CineMAA Awards , and three Mirchi Music Awards South for Best Music Direction ; His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestra .'}]}, {'value': 'Telugu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Telugu_language', 'summary': "Telugu ( English : /ˈtɛlʊɡuː/ ; తెలుగు [ teluɡu ] ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of Puducherry ( Yanam ) by the Telugu people . It stands alongside Hindi and English as one of the few languages with primary official language status in more than one Indian state . Telugu is also a linguistic minority in the states of Orissa , Karnataka , Tamil Nadu , Kerala , Chattisgarh , Jarkandh and Maharashtra . It is one of six languages designated a classical language of India by the country 's government . Telugu ranks 4th among the languages with the highest number of native speakers in India , with 6.7 percent at the 2011 census , and fifteenth in the Ethnologue list of most widely-spoken languages worldwide . It is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family , and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India . It is also the fastest growing language in the United States , where there is a large Telugu-speaking community . Roughly 10,000 pre-colonial inscriptions exist in the Telugu language ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sillunu Oru Kaadhal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sillunu_Oru_Kaadhal', 'summary': "Sillunu Oru Kaadhal ( English : A Breezy Love ) is a 2006 Indian Tamil romantic drama film written and directed by N. Krishna . It starred Suriya , Jyothika and Bhumika in pivotal roles , while Shriya Sharma , Sukanya , Vadivelu and Santhanam played other pivotal roles . The film 's score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman , with lyrics by the Indian poet Vaali ; cinematography for the film was handled by R. D. Rajasekhar and editing was handled by Anthony . Jyothika was nominated for Best Actress Category at Filmfare Awards for her portrayal of Kundavi . The film was released on 8 September 2006 , three days before the wedding of Suriya and Jyothika . The film was dubbed into Telugu as Nuvvu Nenu Prema . In 2015 , this film was remade into Marathi as Tu Hi Re , starring Swapnil Joshi , Sai Tamhankar , Tejaswini Pandit and directed by Sanjay Jadhav ."}]}, {'value': 'Jillendru Oru Kaadhal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sivaji : The Boss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sivaji:_The_Boss', 'summary': "Sivaji : The Boss is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by S. Shankar and produced by AVM Productions . The film stars Rajinikanth and Shriya Saran , with Suman , Vivek , Manivannan and Raghuvaran playing significant roles in the film . A. R. Rahman composed the soundtrack and background music , while Thota Tharani and K. V. Anand were the film 's art director and cinematographer respectively . The film revolves around a well-established software systems architect , Sivaji , who returns home to India after finishing work in the United States . On his return , he dreams of giving back to society with free medical treatment and education . However his plans face a roadblock in the form of the influential businessman , Adiseshan . When corruption also arises , Sivaji is left with no option but to fight the system in his own way . The film was released worldwide on 15 June 2007 in Tamil , and subsequently released in Telugu as a dubbed version on the same date . The film was also dubbed in Hindi , which released on 8 January 2010 . The film was positively received by critics , and became a commercial success worldwide . It went on to win a National Film Award , three Filmfare Awards and two Vijay Awards . The film was converted into 3D and released on 12 December 2012 as Sivaji 3D ."}]}, {'value': 'Style', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaane_Tu_Ya_Jaane_Na', 'summary': "Jaane Tu . Ya Jaane Na ( translation : Whether you know . or not ) is a 2008 Indian coming of age romantic comedy film , written and directed by Abbas Tyrewala . The film stars Imran Khan and Genelia D'Souza in the lead roles . Produced by Mansoor Khan , Aamir Khan , it marks the directional debut of Abbas Tyrewala , the debut of Imran Khan ( Aamir Khan 's nephew ) and Prateik Babbar as actors , and the re-appearance of D'Souza in Hindi cinema . Released on 4 July 2008 , the film received positive reviews and was successful at the box office . The music is by A. R. Rahman ."}]}, {'value': "Pappu Ca n't Dance", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saroja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saroja_(2008_film)', 'summary': "Saroja ( stylised as Sa-Ro-Ja ) is a 2008 Indian Tamil language comedy thriller film written and directed by Venkat Prabhu and produced by T. Siva . It stars Shiva , Vaibhav , Premji , S. P. B. Charan , Vega Tamotia , Jayaram , and Prakash Raj , in the leads and Kajal Aggarwal , Sampath Raj , Nikita Thukral and Nagendran in other vital roles . Several other popular Tamil television artists and crew members make special appearances throughout the film . The score and soundtrack were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja . The film follows the journey of four young men who travel from Chennai to Hyderabad to watch a cricket match . Due to a road accident , they are forced to take a diversion off the main road to arrive on time . This leads them to a gang who have kidnapped a schoolgirl , Saroja , the only daughter of a millionaire . The film was released on 5 September 2008 to very positive reviews and critical acclaim , while also emerging a high commercial success . Upon release , it was partially re-shot and released in Telugu with Srihari reprising Jayaram 's role ."}]}, {'value': 'My Life', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Slumdog Millionaire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire', 'summary': "Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British crime drama film that is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A ( 2005 ) by Indian author Vikas Swarup , telling the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the Juhu slums of Mumbai . Starring Dev Patel as Jamal , and filmed in India , the film was directed by Danny Boyle , written by Simon Beaufoy , and produced by Christian Colson , with Loveleen Tandan credited as co-director . As a contestant on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? Jamal surprises everyone by being able to answer every question correctly . Accused of cheating , Jamal recounts his life story to the police , illustrating how he is able to answer each question correctly . After its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival and later screenings at the Toronto International Film Festival and the London Film Festival , Slumdog Millionaire had a nationwide release in the United Kingdom on 9 January 2009 , in India on 23 January 2009 , and in the United States on 25 December 2008 . Regarded as a sleeper hit , Slumdog Millionaire was widely acclaimed , being praised for its plot , soundtrack , direction , and performances ( especially Patel 's ) . It was nominated for ten Academy Awards in 2009 and won eight - the most for any 2008 film - including Best Picture , Best Director , and Best Adapted Screenplay . It won seven BAFTA Awards including Best Film , five Critics ' Choice Awards and four Golden Globes ."}]}, {'value': 'Gangsta Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire_(soundtrack)', 'summary': 'Slumdog Millionaire : Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack album of the British drama film of the same name , directed by Danny Boyle . The original score and songs were composed by A. R. Rahman , who planned the score in two months and completed it in 20 days , a far shorter time period than usual . The soundtrack has won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score , BAFTA Award for Best Film Music , and two Academy Awards , one for Best Original Music Score and the other for Best Original Song for Jai Ho . The soundtrack has also won two Grammy Awards , one for the album itself and another for the song Jai Ho . The latter song would be reworked by Ron Fair and The Pussycat Dolls into an English language adaptation Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) which would go on to become and international hit for the group . The soundtrack sold over two million units worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'English & Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Slumdog Millionaire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire', 'summary': "Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British crime drama film that is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A ( 2005 ) by Indian author Vikas Swarup , telling the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the Juhu slums of Mumbai . Starring Dev Patel as Jamal , and filmed in India , the film was directed by Danny Boyle , written by Simon Beaufoy , and produced by Christian Colson , with Loveleen Tandan credited as co-director . As a contestant on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? Jamal surprises everyone by being able to answer every question correctly . Accused of cheating , Jamal recounts his life story to the police , illustrating how he is able to answer each question correctly . After its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival and later screenings at the Toronto International Film Festival and the London Film Festival , Slumdog Millionaire had a nationwide release in the United Kingdom on 9 January 2009 , in India on 23 January 2009 , and in the United States on 25 December 2008 . Regarded as a sleeper hit , Slumdog Millionaire was widely acclaimed , being praised for its plot , soundtrack , direction , and performances ( especially Patel 's ) . It was nominated for ten Academy Awards in 2009 and won eight - the most for any 2008 film - including Best Picture , Best Director , and Best Adapted Screenplay . It won seven BAFTA Awards including Best Film , five Critics ' Choice Awards and four Golden Globes ."}]}, {'value': 'Jai Ho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jai_Ho_(song)', 'summary': 'Jai Ho is a song composed by A. R. Rahman for the 2008 film Slumdog Millionaire . When Danny Boyle , the director of Slumdog Millionaire , approached Rahman to compose its soundtrack , he included the song . Jai Ho accompanies a choreographed dance sequence at the end credits of the film . The song features vocals from Sukhvinder Singh , Mahalaxmi Iyer and Vijay Prakash in Hindi , Urdu and Punjabi . Indian singer Tanvi Shah wrote and provided vocals for an English section of the song . Jai Ho is a Hindi phrase which can be roughly translated as Let [ the ] victory prevail , Let there be victory , or May there always be victory . Jai Ho was , at the time of its release , the toast of the town in almost every part of the world . Covers and remixes of the song and performances of the Jai Ho dance were posted on YouTube . Jai Ho received universally favorable reviews from music critics , who cited it as the best song on the Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack . The song won an Academy Award for Best Original Song and a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture , Television or Other Visual Media . It was also the official campaign song of the Indian National Congress during the 2009 election . American girl group The Pussycat Dolls recorded an English interpretation of Jai Ho .'}]}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Spanish & Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delhi-6', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi-6', 'summary': "Delhi-6 is a 2009 Indian musical drama film directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra and starring Abhishek Bachchan , Sonam Kapoor , Om Puri , Waheeda Rahman , Rishi Kapoor , Supriya Pathak , Atul Kulkarni , Pavan Malhotra , Deepak Dobriyal , Divya Dutta , Vijay Raaz and Aditi Rao Hydari . The story is reportedly based on Mehra 's growing up years in Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi . The number 6 refers to the Postal Index Number ( PIN ) of the Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi , a shortened form of 110006 . It is Mehra 's third film after Aks and Rang De Basanti . The acclaimed score and soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman . It released on 20 February 2009 and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration at 57th National Film Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Dilli-6', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi-6_(soundtrack)', 'summary': "Delhi-6 is the soundtrack album to Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra 's 2009 film of the same name . A. R. Rahman scored the film , his second collaboration with Mehra after Rang De Basanti and Prasoon Joshi penned the lyrics . The music was released on 14 January 2009 at the Indian Idol 4 competition . The first video of the song Masakali was released featuring Sonam and Abhishek with a pigeon . However , the song was not part of the original film . According to the director , The song was not really meant to be part of the narrative . I mean , who would think of putting in a song about a dove in a film like 'Delhi-6 ' ? It just happened . When I came to the pre-climax portion of my script , I was stuck . I needed a continuity link taking the narrative to its finale . Other videos released include the title track Delhi-6 , the romantic interlude Rehna Tu as well as the folky Genda Phool , an adaptation of a folk song from Chhattisgarh . Rajat Dholakia who is known for introducing Chattisgarhi folk songs to Bollywood has been co credited with Rahman for the song Genda Phool ."}]}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delhi-6', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi-6', 'summary': "Delhi-6 is a 2009 Indian musical drama film directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra and starring Abhishek Bachchan , Sonam Kapoor , Om Puri , Waheeda Rahman , Rishi Kapoor , Supriya Pathak , Atul Kulkarni , Pavan Malhotra , Deepak Dobriyal , Divya Dutta , Vijay Raaz and Aditi Rao Hydari . The story is reportedly based on Mehra 's growing up years in Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi . The number 6 refers to the Postal Index Number ( PIN ) of the Chandni Chowk area of Old Delhi , a shortened form of 110006 . It is Mehra 's third film after Aks and Rang De Basanti . The acclaimed score and soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman . It released on 20 February 2009 and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration at 57th National Film Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Rehna Tu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Snoop Dogg Millionaire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snoop_Dogg_Millionaire', 'summary': "Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg , [ note 1 ] is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , producer , media personality , entrepreneur , and actor . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre and featured on Dre 's solo debut , Deep Cover , and then on Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic . He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , produced by Dr. Dre , was released in 1993 by Death Row Records . Bolstered by excitement driven by Snoop 's featuring on The Chronic , the album debuted at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified quadruple platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including What 's My Name ? and Gin & Juice . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was the Case , starring himself . His second album , Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts , with Snoop 's Upside Ya Head as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums , Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ."}]}, {'value': 'Snoop Dogg Millionaire', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chase & Status', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chase_&_Status', 'summary': 'Chase & Status are an English electronic music duo composed of Saul Milton ( Chase ) and Will Kennard ( Status ) . In addition , MC Rage assists the group when they perform DJ and live sets while Andy Gangadeen is the drummer when the band performs live . The duo are from London , and formed in 2003 after meeting at university in Manchester . The duo have since released five studio albums as well as collaborating with major artists such as Plan B , CeeLo Green , Rihanna , Example , Dave Ball ( The Grid ) , and Tinie Tempah . They run the independent record label MTA Records .'}]}, {'value': 'English & Hindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hindi', 'summary': 'Hindi ( Devanagari : हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Hindī ) or Modern Standard Hindi ( Devanagari : मानक हिन्दी , IAST/ISO 15919 : Mānak Hindī ) , is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and across the Indian subcontinent . Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language , which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and other nearby areas of Northern India . Hindi , written in the Devanagari script , is one of the two official languages of the Government of India , along with the English language . It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India . Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India ( usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi ) . Outside India , several other languages are recognised officially as Hindi but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects , such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri . Such languages include Fiji Hindi , which is official in Fiji , and Caribbean Hindustani , which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , and Suriname . Apart from the script and formal vocabulary , spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu , another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base . As a linguistic variety , Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world , after Mandarin , Spanish and English . Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world , after Mandarin and English .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muthirai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muthirai', 'summary': 'Muthirai ( transl . Stamp ) is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written by Aneez Tanveer Jeeva , wife of late director Jeeva , who also produces this film , and directed by actor Srinath , starring Daniel Balaji , Nithin Sathya , Lakshmi Rai and newcomer Manjari Phadnis in the lead roles , whilst Kishore of Polladhavan and Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu fame and Ponvannan play important supporting roles and Bollywood actress Rakhi Sawant makes a special appearance . The film , which has musical score by Yuvan Shankar Raja , was launched in early 2008 , and was released on 19 June 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'July Madathil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Theeradha_Vilaiyattu_Pillai', 'summary': "Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai ( lit . The Insatiable Playboy ) is a 2010 Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Thiru . The film , produced by Vikram Krishna , stars his brother Vishal Krishna in the lead role along with Neetu Chandra , Tanushree Dutta making her debut in Tamil cinema , and Sarah-Jane Dias who makes her acting debut . Santhanam , Sathyan Sivakumar , Mayilsamy , and T. S. B. K. Mouli play supporting roles while Sneha and Mallika Kapoor make special appearances and Prakash Raj in a guest role . Film is dubbed into Hindi as Ek Khiladi 3 Hasina The film follows the story of Karthik , a happy-go-lucky youth and only child , who is also rich and spoilt . Karthik believes in trying out and choosing the best of everything in his life . When he decides to adopt the same practice in choosing his wife and selects three potential candidates of totally different shades and social stratifications , who he simultaneously woos , problems emerge and he gets into trouble . How he manages to overcome all problems and who he finally chooses to marry forms the crux of the story . The film , featuring music scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja , cinematography by Arvind Krishna and editing by T. S. Suresh , was distributed by Sun Pictures on 12 February 2010 , while its dubbed Telugu version , titled Khiladi . The film opened to positive reviews and became a commercial success . The film was an inspiration for the 2019 Odia movie Mr. Majnu starring Babushan . The background music was adapted from Rajinikanth 's Netrikkann ."}]}, {'value': 'Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paiyaa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paiyaa', 'summary': "Paiyaa ( English : Boy ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film written , produced and directed by N. Linguswamy . It stars Karthi and Tamannaah , with Milind Soman , Sonia Deepti and Jagan appearing in supporting roles . The film follows the journey of two strangers - a jobless carefree man , living in Bangalore , and a woman with whom he has fallen in love . Upon the woman 's request , he drives her to Mumbai , while a group of gangsters follow them , planning to kidnap the woman . Meanwhile , the man also has a past in the city and he goes there to sort it out . The film , produced by N. Subash Chandra Bose under the banner of Thirupathi Brothers and distributed by Dhayanidhi Alagiri 's Cloud Nine Movies , features a film score and soundtrack composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja , cinematography by Madhi and editing by Anthony Gonsalves . Following a lengthy pre-production phase , during which the film underwent major changes in its main cast and its technical crew , it began shooting in December 2008 at various locations throughout South India , most notably in Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra . The film was released on 2 April 2010 to predominantly positive reviews and was commercially successful . A Telugu dubbed version of the film titled Awara was released on 21 May in Andhra Pradesh and also received positive response . The film was also dubbed into Hindi as Aakhri Baazi in 2013 for direct telecast on Zee Cinema . Paiyaa was remade in Bengali in 2012 as Jaaneman , starring Soham Chakraborty and Koel Mallick , and in Kannada in 2014 as Ajith , with Chiranjeevi Sarja playing the male lead ."}]}, {'value': 'Thuli Thuli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thuli_Thuli', 'summary': 'Thuli Thuli is a song from the 2010 Tamil feature film Paiyaa , composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja . The song , with lyrics by Na . Muthukumar and performed by Haricharan and Tanvi Shah , was released as part of the soundtrack album of the film on 22 November 2009 . Lyrically , the song tells the feelings of a young man who saw and fell in love with a young , attractive girl at first sight . The song , along with its entire soundtrack album , has received highly positive reviews from music critics , achieving commercial success , staying for over 8 months in the charts . The song has become the first Tamil song to be featured in an all India index of the Top 20 songs on radio for the month of April 2010 , indicating this song was played on all Indian FM radio stations more often than any other song in the history of Tamil film music ever .'}]}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paiyaa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paiyaa', 'summary': "Paiyaa ( English : Boy ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film written , produced and directed by N. Linguswamy . It stars Karthi and Tamannaah , with Milind Soman , Sonia Deepti and Jagan appearing in supporting roles . The film follows the journey of two strangers - a jobless carefree man , living in Bangalore , and a woman with whom he has fallen in love . Upon the woman 's request , he drives her to Mumbai , while a group of gangsters follow them , planning to kidnap the woman . Meanwhile , the man also has a past in the city and he goes there to sort it out . The film , produced by N. Subash Chandra Bose under the banner of Thirupathi Brothers and distributed by Dhayanidhi Alagiri 's Cloud Nine Movies , features a film score and soundtrack composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja , cinematography by Madhi and editing by Anthony Gonsalves . Following a lengthy pre-production phase , during which the film underwent major changes in its main cast and its technical crew , it began shooting in December 2008 at various locations throughout South India , most notably in Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra . The film was released on 2 April 2010 to predominantly positive reviews and was commercially successful . A Telugu dubbed version of the film titled Awara was released on 21 May in Andhra Pradesh and also received positive response . The film was also dubbed into Hindi as Aakhri Baazi in 2013 for direct telecast on Zee Cinema . Paiyaa was remade in Bengali in 2012 as Jaaneman , starring Soham Chakraborty and Koel Mallick , and in Kannada in 2014 as Ajith , with Chiranjeevi Sarja playing the male lead ."}]}, {'value': 'En Kadhal Solla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/En_Kadhal_Solla', 'summary': "En Kadhal Solla ( English : To express my love . ) is a song from the 2010 Tamil feature film Paiyaa , composed and performed by Yuvan Shankar Raja . The song , with lyrics by Na . Muthukumar , was released as part of the soundtrack album of the film on 22 November 2009 . The lover sings desperately to himself unable to express his love , the video is picturized on the lead actors Karthi and Tamanna . The song was a very popular chartbuster , which stayed in the charts up to 10 months , and in the Radio Mirchi charts even one year after its release . The song played a substantial role in the film 's success as did other songs from the album . The songs ' tune was later taken by Bangladeshi composer Arfin Rumey who used it as the theme song , Jole Utho , for the Bangladesh national cricket team ."}]}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raavanan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raavanan', 'summary': "Raavanan ( transl . Ravana ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language epic action-adventure film co written , co produced , and directed by Mani Ratnam.The film features Vikram , Aishwarya Rai , and Prithviraj in the lead roles , with a supporting cast led by Karthik , Prabhu and Priyamani . The film was also made simultaneously in Hindi as Raavan , with a slightly different cast . Furthermore , the film was dubbed and released in Telugu as Villain , with all three versions releasing simultaneously on 18 June 2010 . The movie became a success at the box office , it acquired a Cult status of Tamil cinema . The film follows the crux of the epic Ramayana , with a ruthless police officer on the chase to find a tribal leader and lawbreaker , who has kidnapped his wife . Veeraiya , the kidnapper and his motive for the kidnap has been led on by the death of his sister , as a result of police custodial torture and brutal rape . The film explores the search by the officer , whilst exploring the changing emotions that the three protagonists experience with each other , leading to a riveting climax , situated in the jungle . This film is based on Stockholm syndrome . Raavanan was announced in February 2008 , amidst much hype of the celebrated director , Mani Ratnam 's return to Tamil films , whilst Vikram 's and Aishwarya Rai 's selection in the lead roles , creating more anticipation . Shooting began soon after , and took place in various locations with a record number of extras in areas including Chalakudy , Kerala and Ooty , Tamil Nadu amongst other regions throughout India . The film received mixed to positive reviews , and performed above average at the box office ."}]}, {'value': 'Keda Kari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raavan_(soundtrack)', 'summary': 'Raavan is the soundtrack to the 2010 Hindi film of the same name , directed by Mani Ratnam . It was released on 24 April 2010 , by the label T-Series in India and internationally . The songs were composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics penned Gulzar . The same soundtrack was used for the Tamil version of the film , titled Raavanan as well as the Telugu dubbed version , titled Villain .'}]}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puli_(2010_film)', 'summary': 'Puli ( English : Tiger ) is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language action film written and directed by S. J. Surya , starring Pawan Kalyan and Nikesha patel in the lead role , with Nikeesha Patel , Manoj Bajpayee , Saranya Ponvannan , Charan Raj , Nassar , and Ali in supporting roles and Shriya Saran appearing in an item number . The film features a soundtrack by A. R. Rahman and cinematography by Binod Pradhan . It was produced by Singanamala Ramesh on a ₹ 400 million budget and was distributed Geetha Arts . The film was released on 10 September . The film was originally titled Komaram Puli but was renamed as Puli on the second day of release , following objections by Komaram Sony Rao , grandson of the tribal legend Komaram Bheem , from whose name the title of the movie was taken . Its Nizam rights were sold to Geetha Arts for ₹12 crore ( US $ 1.7 million ) which is a record sum . It was dubbed into Hindi as jaanbaaz khiladi by Goldmines telefilm pvt.ltd'}]}, {'value': 'Power Star', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Rahman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Rahman', 'summary': "Allahrakka Rahman ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967 ) , known professionally as A. R. Rahman , is an Indian composer , singer and music producer . His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music , world music and traditional orchestral arrangements . Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films . He is nicknamed Isai Puyal ( the musical storm ) and Mozart of Madras . Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels . With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn , Rahman 's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja . Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil-language films for the Chennai film industry , including Ratnam 's politically-charged Bombay , the urban Kadhalan , Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar 's debut film Gentleman . Rahman 's score for his first Hollywood film , the comedy Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , won the BMI Award for Best Score . His music for Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards . Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist , donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities . In 2017 , he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk . Among Rahman 's awards are six National Film Awards , two Academy Awards , two Grammy Awards , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South ."}]}, {'value': 'Telugu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naan Mahaan Alla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naan_Mahaan_Alla_(2010_film)', 'summary': "Naan Mahaan Alla ( transl . I am not a saint ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Suseenthiran . It stars Karthi , Kajal Aggarwal , Jayaprakash and Soori . It features music scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja and cinematography handled by R. Madhi and was produced by K. E. Gnanavelraja and distributed by Dayanidhi Azhagiri 's Cloud Nine Movies . The film , not related to the 1984 film of the same name and based on a real-life incident , released on 20 August 2010 to positive reviews . It was later dubbed in Telugu as Na Peru Shiva released across 230 screens in Andhra Pradesh and became a success there too ."}]}, {'value': 'Iragai Pole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iragai_Pole', 'summary': 'Iragai Pole ( English : Like a feather . ) is a song from the 2010 Tamil feature film Naan Mahaan Alla , composed and performed by Yuvan Shankar Raja . The song , with lyrics by Yugabharathy , was released as part of the soundtrack album of the film on 16 July 2010 . The song became one of the most popular songs in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Yuvan Shankar Raja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yuvan_Shankar_Raja', 'summary': "Yuvan Shankar Raja ( born 31 August 1979 ) is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer-songwriter . He predominantly scores music for Tamil films . Considered a versatile composer , he is particularly known for his use of Western music elements and often credited with having introduced hip hop to the Tamil film and music industry and started the era of remixes in Tamil Nadu . He is the only Indian composer to win the Cyprus International Film Festival Award in 2006 for the soundtrack of Raam . His notable works and loyal fanbase earned him the honorific nickname the Youth Icon . Within a span of 15 years , Yuvan Shankar Raja has worked on over 100 films . Being the youngest son of the legendary composer Ilaiyaraaja , he began his musical career in 1996 , at the age of 15 , when he composed the film score for Aravindhan . He made his breakthrough with the Thulluvadho Ilamai ( 2001 ) soundtrack , and evolved as one of Tamil cinema 's most sought-after composers by the mid-2000s . In 2015 , he created his own music label , U1 Records and in 2017 , he started his own film production studio , YSR Films . Yuvan has won two Filmfare Awards ; the Best Music Director Award in 2004 for his score in the drama 7G Rainbow Colony and Filmfare Special Award - South in 2009 for his Telugu musical Oy ! . He has also received six nominations for Filmfare Awards , two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards in 2006 and 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamil', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Discography -- Film scores', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Tanvi_Shah_0', 'intro': 'Tanvi Shah is the first Indian woman to win a Grammy. She has sung in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu. In addition, she sings in Spanish, Portuguese and other romance languages, as well as Arabic. Her first song was Fanaa for the movie Yuva.'}
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what is the song from the film that tells the stories of three young men from completely different strata of society and how one fateful incident on Kolkata 's Howrah Bridge which changes their lives forever ?
Fanaa
fec5d8239c9d10ba
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Downs_Debutante_Stakes', 'title': 'Churchill Downs Debutante Stakes', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Jockey', 'Trainer', 'Owner', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunny Skies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenneth G. McPeek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_McPeek', 'summary': 'Kenneth G. McPeek ( born August 2 , 1962 in Fort Chaffee , Arkansas ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer .'}]}, {'value': 'Normandy Farm', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.83', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pretty City Dancer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Leparoux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Leparoux', 'summary': "Julien R. Leparoux ( born July 15 , 1983 in Senlis , Oise , France ) is an Eclipse Award winning jockey currently racing in the United States . He has won seven Breeders ' Cup races , including the 2015 Breeders ' Cup Mile with Champion Turf Mare Tepin and the 2016 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile with Classic Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark Casse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Casse', 'summary': 'Mark E. Casse ( born February 14 , 1961 ) is a Thoroughbred racehorse trainer whose most notable horses include 2015 American champion turf mare Tepin and Canadian Horses of the Year Sealy Hill ( 2007 ) , Uncaptured ( 2012 ) , Lexie Lou ( 2014 ) , Catch A Glimpse ( 2015 ) and Wonder Gadot . He has won eleven Sovereign Awards for outstanding trainer in Canada and has been the leading trainer at Woodbine Racetrack 14 times . In 2019 , he won his first American Classic with War of Will in the Preakness Stakes .'}]}, {'value': 'John C. Oxley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_C._Oxley', 'summary': 'John C. Oxley , a.k.a . Jack , ( born 1937 ) is an American oilman , horse breeder and polo player .'}]}, {'value': '1:11.01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cosmic Evolution', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calvin H. Borel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calvin_H._Borel', 'summary': "Calvin H. Borel ( born November 7 , 1966 ) is an American jockey in thoroughbred horse racing and rode the victorious mount in the 2007 Kentucky Derby , the 2009 Kentucky Derby and the 2010 Kentucky Derby . His 2009 Derby win with Mine That Bird was the second biggest upset in Derby history , and Borel 's winning margin of \u200b6 3⁄4 lengths was the greatest in Derby history since Assault won by 8 lengths in 1946 . On May 1 , 2009 , Borel won the Kentucky Oaks aboard Rachel Alexandra , only the second time since 1993 that a jockey has won the Oaks-Derby combo , and just the seventh time overall a jockey has accomplished this feat in the same year . On May 16 , 2009 , Borel won the 2009 Preakness Stakes at Pimlico with thoroughbred filly Rachel Alexandra . In doing so , Borel became the first jockey to win the first two jewels of the Triple Crown on different mounts . Borel 's nickname is Bo'rail ' due to his penchant for riding close to the rail to save ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Lon Wiggins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen L. Fidel', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Promise Me Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bret Calhoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bret_Calhoun', 'summary': "W. Bret Calhoun ( born May 12 , 1964 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . The son of a school teacher who also owned and trained horses , he attended Texas Tech University but left before graduating . Calhoun began his professional training career in 1993 and earned his first win on April 1 , 1994 . He has competed regularly at Louisiana Downs and Fair Grounds Race Course in Louisiana and in Texas at Sam Houston Race Park , Oklahoma City 's Remington Park , and Lone Star Park . In Kentucky in 2008 , Calhoun won the Aegon Turf Sprint Stakes at Churchill Downs and the Grade I Shakertown Stakes at Keeneland Race Course with Mr. Nightlinger . In 2008 , Bret Calhoun finished fourth in total wins for the year among all trainers in the United States . His horses won 228 races and earned $ 5,226,163 ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert Luttrell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Luttrell', 'summary': "The Robert Luttrell who settled on the banks of the Liffey near Dublin at Luttrellstown , was in 1226 treasurer of St. Patrick 's Cathedral , and in 1236 was Lord Chancellor of Ireland . There is mention of a Michael Luttrell in 1287 , who owned the same estate at the close of the century , and later in 1349 of a Simon Luttrell , who died in the possession of the property . The next owner whose name we have is Robert Luttrell , who married a daughter of Sir Elias de Ashbourne , of Devon , England , and by this marriage added materially to his already large estate . It is not certain whether the head of the Irish branch was a son or a brother of Sir Geoffrey , but it is reasonable that he bore either the one or the other relation , for the reason that the lands of Luttrellstown secured by royal grant by Sir Geoffrey were from this time ( of Geoffrey 's death ) owned by Sir Robert Luttrell , head of the Irish branch , who lived at Lucan , near Dublin , and that it remained in the family until the early part of the nineteenth century ."}]}, {'value': '1.11.49', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fiftyshadesofgold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corey Lanerie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corey_Lanerie', 'summary': "Corey James Lanerie ( born November 13 , 1974 ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . Based in Kentucky , he has been the leading rider at Churchill Downs , having won the most races during a race meet , 10 times . He has also been named the leading rider at Ellis Park , Lone Star Park , Sam Houston Race Park and Retama Park . Lanerie was born in Lafayette , Louisiana . His father had been a jockey before becoming a horse trainer , and Lanerie 's grandfather also was a trainer . When Lanerie was nine years old , he began exercising race horses . He learned race riding at a farm near Opelousas and started his jockey career at small unrecognized tracks . He began to ride professionally in 1991 , and won his first race on April 19 of that year at Evangeline Downs on a horse named High Hopes Banquet . He won his first stakes race the following year in the Black Gold Stakes at the Fair Grounds in New Orleans , Louisiana . Lanerie 's first graded stakes race win was the Razorback Handicap at Oaklawn Park in 1999 . Lanerie falls within a tradition of Cajun jockeys who developed their riding skills in their home state prior to achieving success at major tracks , and follows in the footsteps of other Louisiana natives such as Calvin Borel , Kent Desormeaux , and Eddie Delahoussaye , each of whom was inducted into the Horse Racing Hall of Fame . Lanerie won the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 2004 , an honor bestowed upon him by a vote of his fellow jockeys ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarence_Scharbauer_Jr.', 'summary': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr. ( 1925-2014 ) was an American rancher , oilman , banker , horse breeder and philanthropist . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and the Horse Racing Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarence_Scharbauer_Jr.', 'summary': 'Clarence Scharbauer Jr. ( 1925-2014 ) was an American rancher , oilman , banker , horse breeder and philanthropist . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame and the Horse Racing Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': '1.10.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blueeyesintherein', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leandro Goncalves', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Simms', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Self/King/Morgenson/Travis , et al', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.71', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Flashy Lassie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kent Desormeaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kent_Desormeaux', 'summary': 'Kent Jason Desormeaux ( born February 27 , 1970 ) is an American thoroughbred horse racing Hall of Fame jockey who holds the U.S. record for most races won in a single year with 598 wins in 1989 . He has won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes three times each , and the Belmont Stakes once . Aboard Real Quiet , he lost the 1998 Triple Crown by a nose .'}]}, {'value': 'Gary Simms', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry L. King', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:10.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Just Louise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dale Romans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dale_Romans', 'summary': "Dale L. Romans ( born August 14 , 1966 in Louisville , Kentucky ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer , best known for winning the 2011 Preakness Stakes with Shackleford and the Breeders ' Cup Turf with Little Mike . He also upset American Pharoah in the 2015 Travers Stakes with Keen Ice . He won the 2012 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer ."}]}, {'value': 'Eldon Farm Equine', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Decelerator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julien Leparoux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julien_Leparoux', 'summary': "Julien R. Leparoux ( born July 15 , 1983 in Senlis , Oise , France ) is an Eclipse Award winning jockey currently racing in the United States . He has won seven Breeders ' Cup races , including the 2015 Breeders ' Cup Mile with Champion Turf Mare Tepin and the 2016 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile with Classic Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'D. Wayne Lukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas', 'summary': "Darrell Wayne Lukas ( born September 2 , 1935 in Antigo , Wisconsin ) is an American horse trainer and a U.S . Racing Hall of Fame inductee . He has won twenty Breeders ' Cup races , received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments , and his horses have won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Westrock Stables', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garden District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Todd A. Pletcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_A._Pletcher', 'summary': 'Todd Pletcher ( born June 26 , 1967 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American thoroughbred horse trainer . He won the Eclipse Award seven times as Trainer of the Year , four of these in consecutive years . His horses Super Saver ( 2010 ) and Always Dreaming ( 2017 ) won the Kentucky Derby . He also won the Belmont Stakes with Rags to Riches ( 2007 ) , Palace Malice ( 2013 ) and Tapwrit ( 2017 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Twin Creeks Racing Stable', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:11.07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rated Fiesty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shaun Bridgmohan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shaun_Bridgmohan', 'summary': "Shaun Xavier Bridgmohan ( born June 24 , 1979 in Spanish Town , Jamaica ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . At age thirteen , Bridgmohan 's family emigrated to the United States , settling in South Florida where he developed an interest in horse racing . Before becoming a jockey , and while still in school , he worked at a Florida racetrack as a hot walker , groom , and as an exercise rider . After graduating from high school he pursued a riding career and in August 1997 earned his first win at Calder Race Course . Six months later on February 15 , 1998 he won six races on a single card at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York , finishing 1998 , which was his breakout year , as the winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey . On December 22 , 2007 he again won six races on a single card , this time at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans , Louisiana . On April 1 , 2017 he recorded his 3,000th win ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Heiligbrodt Racing et al', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:09.27', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richwoman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shaun Bridgmohan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shaun_Bridgmohan', 'summary': "Shaun Xavier Bridgmohan ( born June 24 , 1979 in Spanish Town , Jamaica ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . At age thirteen , Bridgmohan 's family emigrated to the United States , settling in South Florida where he developed an interest in horse racing . Before becoming a jockey , and while still in school , he worked at a Florida racetrack as a hot walker , groom , and as an exercise rider . After graduating from high school he pursued a riding career and in August 1997 earned his first win at Calder Race Course . Six months later on February 15 , 1998 he won six races on a single card at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens , New York , finishing 1998 , which was his breakout year , as the winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Apprentice Jockey . On December 22 , 2007 he again won six races on a single card , this time at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans , Louisiana . On April 1 , 2017 he recorded his 3,000th win ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Heiligbrodt Racing', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:10.50', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Effectual', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robby Albarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Albarado', 'summary': 'Robby J. Albarado ( born September 11 , 1973 , in Lafayette , Louisiana ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding at the age of 10 and progressed to riding at bush tracks in his native Louisiana by the age of 12 . After turning professional , he earned his first official win at Evangeline Downs in 1990 . Since then , he has won more than 5,000 races , but his career has endured setbacks as a result of serious injuries . During 1998 and 1999 , he suffered two skull fractures , one of which required doctors to replace a damaged portion of his skull with titanium mesh and polymer plate . Another serious accident in the fall of 2000 kept him out of racing for the better part of 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Gainesway /George Bolton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gainesway_Farm', 'summary': "Gainesway Farm is an American Thoroughbred horse breeding business in Lexington , Kentucky . It was originally called Greentree Farms . The 1,500 acre ( 6 km² ) property has been home to stallions such as Youth and Exceller and numerous others who are buried on the property . Among the current stallion roster is Tapit , sire of 4 Breeders ' Cup winners since 2008 and 2013 Leading U.S.-based Yearling Sire . In 1995 , under the name Gainesway Stable , owner Graham Beck partnered with Robert and Beverly Lewis and William T. Young of Overbrook Farm in the ownership and racing of Timber Country who won the 1994 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile and 1995 Preakness Stakes ."}]}, {'value': '1:03.95', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classic Elegance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Day', 'summary': "Patrick Alan Day ( born October 13 , 1953 in Brush , Colorado ) is an American jockey . He is a four-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 . Day also received the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 1985 , given annually to a North American jockey who demonstrates the highest standards of professional and personal conduct . In 1995 , he was voted the Mike Venezia Memorial Award for extraordinary sportsmanship and citizenship . Some critics said Day was a big fish in a small pond because the majority of his wins and all of his riding titles were in the Midwest . Day did n't win any riding titles in California , New York or Florida , when he was facing the best jockey competition while riding on a daily basis ."}]}, {'value': 'D. Wayne Lukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas', 'summary': "Darrell Wayne Lukas ( born September 2 , 1935 in Antigo , Wisconsin ) is an American horse trainer and a U.S . Racing Hall of Fame inductee . He has won twenty Breeders ' Cup races , received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments , and his horses have won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob & Beverly Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_B._Lewis', 'summary': 'Robert B . Bob Lewis ( May 12 , 1924 - February 17 , 2006 ) was an American businessman who owned a number of champion Thoroughbred racehorses during the 1990s and 2000s .'}]}, {'value': '1:04.18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Be Gentle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cornelio Velasquez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornelio_Velasquez', 'summary': "Cornelio H. Velásquez ( born September 28 , 1968 in Panama City , Panama ) is a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing . He was introduced to horse racing at age fifteen by trainer Carlos Salazar Guardia in his native Panama and enrolled in the national jockey school . In his first year of racing he was his country 's top apprentice jockey and was the leading rider again in 1994 and 1995 . In 1996 Cornelio Velasquez emigrated to the United States to race at Elmont , New York 's Belmont Park . During the ensuing ten years he competed at meets at tracks in Kentucky and Florida , winning several riding titles . His big break came in 2003 when he won his first Breeders ' Cup on Cajun Beat in the Breeders ' Cup Sprint . A two-time winner of Breeders ' Cup races , in 2005 Velasquez rode Closing Argument to a second-place finish in the Kentucky Derby and in 2007 is scheduled to compete on the well-regarded colt , Nobiz Like Shobiz ."}]}, {'value': 'D. Wayne Lukas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas', 'summary': "Darrell Wayne Lukas ( born September 2 , 1935 in Antigo , Wisconsin ) is an American horse trainer and a U.S . Racing Hall of Fame inductee . He has won twenty Breeders ' Cup races , received five Eclipse Awards for his accomplishments , and his horses have won 25 year-end Eclipse Awards . He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas F. Van Meter II', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1:03.96', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awesome Humor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Day', 'summary': "Patrick Alan Day ( born October 13 , 1953 in Brush , Colorado ) is an American jockey . He is a four-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 . Day also received the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award in 1985 , given annually to a North American jockey who demonstrates the highest standards of professional and personal conduct . In 1995 , he was voted the Mike Venezia Memorial Award for extraordinary sportsmanship and citizenship . Some critics said Day was a big fish in a small pond because the majority of his wins and all of his riding titles were in the Midwest . Day did n't win any riding titles in California , New York or Florida , when he was facing the best jockey competition while riding on a daily basis ."}]}, {'value': 'W. Elliott Walden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._Elliott_Walden', 'summary': 'W. Elliott Walden ( born February 10 , 1963 in Lexington , Kentucky ) is the President and CEO of racing operations for WinStar Farm near Versailles , Kentucky and a former Thoroughbred racehorse trainer .'}]}, {'value': 'WinStar Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WinStar_Farm', 'summary': 'WinStar Farm is an American Thoroughbred horse breeding and racing farm near Versailles , Kentucky , owned by Kenny Troutt . It is the owner of Justify , winner of the 2018 Triple Crown , along with Super Saver , winner of the 2010 Kentucky Derby ; Drosselmeyer , winner of the 2010 Belmont Stakes ; and Creator , winner of the 2016 Belmont Stakes . It stands several notable stallions , including Tiznow , Distorted Humor and Pioneerof the Nile , sire of American Pharoah . WinStar Farm won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Owner in 2010 and also won the Outstanding Breeder award in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '1:03.45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Cashier 's Dream", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donnie Meche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donnie_Meche', 'summary': 'Donnie James Meche ( born October 10 , 1974 in Rayne , Louisiana ) is an American jockey in Thoroughbred horse racing . Donnie Meche won his first race at Evangeline Downs in May 1993 . He was the top apprentice rider at Louisiana Downs in 1994 . He is ten minutes younger than twin brother Lonnie , who , along with younger brother Cody , is also a jockey .'}]}, {'value': 'Steve Asmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Asmussen', 'summary': "Steven Mark Asmussen ( born November 18 , 1965 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer . He is a two-time winner of the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer and was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2016 . His horses have won the Breeders ' Cup Classic , Preakness Stakes , Belmont Stakes , Breeders ' Cup Distaff , Kentucky Oaks and Dubai World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Team Valor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Team_Valor', 'summary': 'Under the guidance of stable manager Barry Irwin , the racing stable has campaigned 16 International Champions and Highweights :'}]}, {'value': '1:02.52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold Mover', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Craig Perret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Perret', 'summary': "Craig Perret ( born February 2 , 1951 , in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is an American thoroughbred horse racing jockey . He began riding horses at age five and by seven was riding quarter horses in match races . At age fifteen he began his career in thoroughbred racing and in 1967 was the leading apprentice jockey in the United States in terms of money won . In 1987 Perret rode Bet Twice to victory in the Belmont Stakes . In 1990 , aboard Unbridled , he won the Kentucky Derby , and in 1993-94 won back-to-back Queen 's Plates , Canada 's most prestigious race . In addition , Perret won the Breeders ' Cup Sprint in 1984 and 1990 ; the Breeders ' Cup Juvenile in 1989 ; and the Breeders ' Cup Juvenile Fillies in 1996 . Of his more than 4,400 career victories to date , he has also had major stakes race wins including the Florida Derby , Acorn Stakes , Pimlico Special , Travers Stakes , Haskell Invitational Handicap and the Wood Memorial Stakes . He has earned a number of other accolades including the 1990 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey of the year , and in 1998 his peers voted him the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award . Craig Perret and his family live on a farm in Shelbyville , Kentucky and operate a small full-breed breeding operation . In 1994 , Craig Perret was inducted into the Fair Grounds Racing Hall of Fame and in 2006 into the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame . In 2006 he was also nominated for induction in the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame , and was officially inducted in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark A. Hennig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_A._Hennig', 'summary': 'Mark A. Hennig ( born April 10 , 1965 in Mansfield , Ohio ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer .'}]}, {'value': 'Edward P. Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_P._Evans', 'summary': 'Edward P. Evans , also known as Ned Evans , ( January 31 , 1942 - December 31 , 2010 ) was an American heir , businessman , investor , horse breeder and philanthropist . He was the chairman and CEO of Macmillan Publishers from 1979 to 1989 . He was the owner of Spring Hill Farm , a horse farm in Fauquier County , Virginia . He is the namesake of Edward P. Evans Hall , the main building at the Yale School of Management .'}]}, {'value': '1:03.79', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chilukki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chilukki', 'summary': 'Chilukki ( 1997-2007 ) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse , who during her racing career set two track records at Churchill Downs . She was bred in Kentucky by Dr. R. Smiser West and U.S . Racing Hall of Fame trainer MacKenzie Miller .'}]}, {'value': 'Willie Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willie_Martinez_(jockey)', 'summary': 'Willie Martinez ( born March 3 , 1971 ) is a jockey in North American Thoroughbred horse racing . Martinez is known in the business as Chillie Willie , because of his chill demeanor in riding .'}]}, {'value': 'Bob Baffert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Baffert', 'summary': "Robert A. Baffert ( born January 13 , 1953 ) is an American racehorse trainer who trained the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah and 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify . Baffert 's horses have won five Kentucky Derbies , seven Preakness Stakes , three Belmont Stakes and three Kentucky Oaks ."}]}, {'value': 'Stonerside Stable', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stonerside_Stable', 'summary': 'Stonerside Stable is an American Thoroughbred horse breeding farm and horse racing operation in Paris , Kentucky . Until September 2008 it was owned by Robert and Janice McNair , who also own the National Football League team , the Houston Texans . They sold the highly successful operation to the Darley racing conglomerate of Sheikh Mohammed of Dubai . Stonerside Stable is a finalist for the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder for 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '1:03.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silverbulletday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silverbulletday', 'summary': "Silverbulletday ( foaled January 22 , 1996 in Kentucky ) is an American Thoroughbred Champion racehorse . Bred in Kentucky , she was sired by Silver Deputy and out of the GII winning mare Rokeby Rose . Her damsire was Tom Rolfe , the 1965 Preakness Stakes winner and that year 's U.S. Champion 3-Yr-Old Colt . Her grandsire was Deputy Minister , the 1981 Canadian Horse of the Year and a very important North American sire ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Stevens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Stevens_(jockey)', 'summary': "Gary Lynn Stevens ( born March 6 , 1963 ) is an American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey , actor , and sports analyst . He became a professional jockey in 1979 and rode his first of three Kentucky Derby winners in 1988 . As of 2014 [ update ] , he has also won the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes three times each , as well as 10 Breeders ' Cup races and is a nine-time winner of the Santa Anita Derby . He entered the United States Racing Hall of Fame in 1997 . Combining his U.S. and international wins , Stevens had over 5,000 race wins by 2005 , and reached his 5,000 North American win on February 15 , 2015 . His career successes were intertwined with significant injuries and periods of temporary retirement due to knee problems from 1999 until 2000 , and again from 2005 to 2013 . He had an acting role in the 2003 film Seabiscuit . After his second retirement from riding in 2005 , he worked for TVG and then HRTV and NBC Sports as a horse racing analyst for seven years , had a brief stint as a race horse trainer , and took a few other acting roles , notably in the TV series Luck , before coming out of retirement again in 2013 . In the 2013 season , he won 69 of 383 races and finished the year 12th in the nation in purse earnings , winning a number of significant races including the 2013 Preakness Stakes , the Breeders ' Cup Distaff and the Breeders ' Cup Classic . In 2014 , he rode in the first half of the year , but his knee problems became too severe to continue riding , and in July he announced a break in order to get a total knee replacement . He returned to riding by mid-October 2014 , accepted mounts for the 2014 Breeders ' Cup , and rode a winning race by mid-November 2014 . Following the 2016 Breeders ' Cup , he again took time off , this time for a hip replacement , returning to racing in March 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Baffert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Baffert', 'summary': "Robert A. Baffert ( born January 13 , 1953 ) is an American racehorse trainer who trained the 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah and 2018 Triple Crown winner Justify . Baffert 's horses have won five Kentucky Derbies , seven Preakness Stakes , three Belmont Stakes and three Kentucky Oaks ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael E. Pegram', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_E._Pegram', 'summary': "Michael E. Pegram ( born February 16 , 1952 in Fort Knox , Kentucky ) is the co-owner of the 2010 Preakness Stakes winner Lookin at Lucky and owner of the 1998 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Real Quiet . He grew up in Princeton , Indiana going to the races at Ellis Park Racecourse and Churchill Downs and dreamed of someday owning a Kentucky Derby winner . He also won the 1998 Breeders ' Cup Juvenile Fillies with Silverbulletday and after she was voted that year 's Eclipse Award for Outstanding 2-Year-Old Filly , came back in 1999 to win the Kentucky Oaks . Among his other horses , Pegram owned Captain Steve , High Stakes Player , Queen of Money , Miss Gibson County , Wheeler Oil , Argolid , Favored One , Arches of Gold , Pussycat Doll , and The Texas Tunnel . Pegram became successful as an owner of a number of McDonald 's restaurant franchises in the state of Washington , a business that his father , Jim , had been involved with . Pegram has since moved his restaurant empire to Phoenix , where he lives part-time . Pegram also lives in Del Mar , California . He has three children : Amie and Tim Pegram and Tiffany Peach ; and three brothers : Jim ( a jockey agent ) , Demont , and Gil . Pegram also enjoyed success by winning the 2 million Breeders ' Cup Sprint at Monmouth Park in 2007 with Midnight Lute , who trainer Bob Baffert stated was the best horse he 'd ever brought to the Breeder 's Cup . His champion returned the following year at Santa Anita Park to capture the same race , the first sprinter to ever do so ."}]}, {'value': '1:04.70', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Winners since 1995', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Churchill_Downs_Debutante_Stakes_0', 'intro': 'The Debutante Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually during the last week of June at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky. A listed stakes event open to two-year-old fillies, it is contested on dirt over a distance of six furlongs. It first became a Grade III race in 1996. It was changed from 5.5 furlongs to 6 furlongs in 2006. In 2012, the race was reduced to listed status.'}
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What was the date of birth of the jockey who rode Flashy Lassie at the 2011 Churchill Downs Debutante Stakes ?
February 27 , 1970
fec620d35a244a50
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_Jesus_College,_Oxford', 'title': 'List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford', 'header': ['Name', 'M', 'G', 'Degree', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Alan Aldous', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Aldous', 'summary': 'Alan ( Harold ) Aldous ( 14 November 1923 - 24 February 1992 ) was a teacher who was headmaster of two schools , in Pontefract and Leeds . He was educated at Ilford County High School ( where he was a prefect ) and Jesus College , Oxford .'}]}, {'value': '1942', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA English ( 2nd )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Headmaster of Leeds Grammar School ( 1970-1975 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds_Grammar_School', 'summary': "Leeds Grammar School was an independent school in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . In August 2005 it merged with Leeds Girls ' High School to form The Grammar School at Leeds . The two schools physically united in September 2008 . The school was founded in 1552 by William Sheafield to provide free , subsidised or fee-paying education to the children of the City of Leeds . Despite 1552 being the traditional date for the foundation of the school , there is some evidence to suggest that the school existed as early as 1341 . In 1805 , the school was the subject of a ruling by Lord Eldon that set a precedent affecting grammar schools throughout England ."}]}, {'value': 'Edward Barnwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Barnwell', 'summary': 'Edward Lowry Barnwell ( 1813 - 9 August 1887 ) was a British antiquarian and schoolmaster who was headmaster of Ruthin School , Denbighshire for 26 years .'}]}, {'value': '1830', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1834', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Mathematics ( 1st )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Headmaster of Ruthin School ( 1839-1865 ) , succeeding Charles Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruthin_School', 'summary': 'Ruthin School is a public school ( i.e . independent school ) located on the outskirts of Ruthin , the county town of Denbighshire , North Wales . It is over seven hundred years old , making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom . Originally a school for boys , it has been co-educational since 1990 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Williams_(academic)', 'summary': 'Charles Williams ( b. c. 1804 - 17 October 1877 ) was Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1857 to 1877 .'}]}, {'value': 'Edmund Brice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmund_Brice', 'summary': 'Edmund Brice ( fl . 1648-1696 ) was an English translator and schoolmaster .'}]}, {'value': '1648', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1650', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Translator and schoolmaster , and follower of the Christian mystic John Pordage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Pordage', 'summary': 'John Pordage ( 1607-1681 ) was an Anglican priest , astrologer , alchemist and Christian mystic . He founded the 17th century English Behmenist group which would later become known as the Philadelphian Society when it was led by his disciple and successor , Jane Leade .'}]}, {'value': 'John Caldicott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Caldicott', 'summary': 'Rev . John William Caldicott ( 9 February 1829 - 6 November 1895 ) was an Anglican priest and headmaster .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1851', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores ( 2nd , 1851 ) , BA Mathematics ( 3rd , 1851 ) , BD and DD ( 1874 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': 'Matriculated from Pembroke College ; Anglican priest and headmaster of Bristol Grammar School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located in Pembroke Square . The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England , using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale , and was named after William Herbert , 3rd Earl of Pembroke , Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Pembroke admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , having previously accepted men only . As of 2018 , Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.5 million . Pembroke offers the study of almost all the courses offered by the university . Dame Lynne Brindley , former head of the British Library , has been Master of the College since 2013 . She will be stepping down at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year . In July 2020 , Sir Ernest Ryder , a former Lord Justice of Appeal , will take on the role ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bristol_Grammar_School', 'summary': "Bristol Grammar School ( BGS ) is a 4-18 mixed , independent day school in Bristol , England that was founded in 1532 by Royal Charter for the teaching of 'good manners and literature ' , endowed by wealthy Bristol merchants Robert and Nicholas Thorne to educate the sons of the city 's merchants and tradesmen . The school flourished in the early 20th century under headmaster Sir Cyril Norwood ( 1906-1916 ) , embodying the ideals and experiences of a leading public school . Norwood went on to serve as the master at Marlborough College and Harrow . Bristol Grammar 's headmaster , Jaideep Barot MA MSc , is a member of the Headmasters ' and Headmistresses ' Conference ( HMC ) and joined the school from Marlborough College in September 2018 . The school was first cited in the Public Schools Year Book in 1907 , and former headmaster John Mackay ( 1960-1975 ) served as the chairman of the HMC in 1970 . Founded as an all-boys school , Bristol Grammar is now fully co-educational having first admitted girls in 1980 . The school counts among its alumni prominent personalities including Nobel laureate Sir John Pople , former British ambassador to the US Lord Oliver Franks , and founder of Penguin Books Sir Allen Lane . It has educated members of both houses of the UK Parliament and has a strong legal tradition , having educated two present Lord Justices of Appeal ( Sirs Rabinder Singh and Timothy Holroyde ) . The school is divided into three sections : the Infants and Juniors ( ages 4-11 ) , the Senior School ( ages 11-16 ) and Sixth Form ( ages 16-18 ) . The Infants and Juniors School was ranked in 2016 by The Good Schools Guide as one of the best value prep schools in the UK . The Senior School and Sixth Form rank academically amongst the best performing independent schools in South West England ."}]}, {'value': 'J. R. Cohu ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._R._Cohu', 'summary': 'Jean Rougier Cohu ( generally known as J. R. Cohu ) was an Anglican priest , school headmaster and author .'}]}, {'value': '1876', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1880', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores ( 1st , 1880 ) , MA ( 1883 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': 'Headmaster , clergyman and writer on biblical topics', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Weekes Fowler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Weekes_Fowler', 'summary': 'William Weekes Fowler ( January 1849 - 3 June 1923 ) was an English clergyman and entomologist mainly interested in beetles .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1873', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matriculated at New College before transferring to Jesus with a scholarship ; a clergyman , headmaster ( of Lincoln School ) and entomologist who was President of the Incorporated Association of Head Masters and President of the Entomological Society of London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom . Founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham , the full name of the college is St Mary 's College of Winchester in Oxford . The name New College , however , soon came to be used following its completion in 1386 to distinguish it from the older existing college of St Mary , now known as Oriel College . In 2017 , the college ranked first in the Norrington Table , a table assessing the relative performance of Oxford 's undergraduates in final examinations . Historically , it has been ranked highly . It has the 3rd highest average Norrington Table ranking over the previous decade . The college is between Holywell Street and New College Lane ( known for Oxford 's Bridge of Sighs ) , next to All Souls College , Harris Manchester College , Hertford College , The Queen 's College and St Edmund Hall . The college 's sister college is King 's College , Cambridge . The college is one of the main choral foundations of the University of Oxford . The college choir is regarded as one of the leading choirs of the world , and has recorded over one hundred albums ; it has been awarded two Gramophone Awards . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , New College admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , after six centuries as an institution for men only ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Entomologist', 'summary': "Entomology ( from Ancient Greek ἔντομον ( entomon ) , meaning 'insect ' , and -λογία ( -logia ) , meaning 'study of ' ) is the scientific study of insects , a branch of zoology . In the past the term insect was vaguer , and historically the definition of entomology included the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla , such as arachnids , myriapods , earthworms , land snails , and slugs . This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use . Like several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology , entomology is a taxon-based category ; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is , by definition , entomology . Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics , behavior , biomechanics , biochemistry , systematics , physiology , developmental biology , ecology , morphology , and paleontology . At some 1.3 million described species , insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms , date back some 400 million years , and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Entomological_Society_of_London', 'summary': 'The Royal Entomological Society is devoted to the study of insects . Its aims are to disseminate information about insects and improving communication between entomologists . The society was founded in 1833 as the Entomological Society of London . It had many antecedents beginning as the Society of Entomologists of London .'}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Harper ( F/P )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Harper_(headmaster)', 'summary': "Hugo Daniel Harper ( 3 May 1821 - 8 January 1895 ) was Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1877 to 1895 . Harper was educated at Christ 's Hospital and at St John 's College , Cambridge . He won a scholarship to Jesus College in 1840 . He obtained a second in classical moderations , followed by a first in mathematics in 1844 . He was a Fellow of Jesus College between 1845 and 1852 . He was headmaster of Cowbridge Grammar School ( 1847-50 ) and Sherborne School ( 1851-77 ) . In 1877 he was elected Principal . During his time as Principal , he was heavily engaged in disputes about proposed new statutes for the college that were considered by their opponents to have an adverse effect on the links between the college and Wales . He died in 1895 after a prolonged period of ill-health ."}]}, {'value': '1840', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1844', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Mathematics ( 1st )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Headmaster of Cowbridge Grammar School ( 1847-1850 ) and Sherborne School ( 1851-1877 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cowbridge_Grammar_School', 'summary': "Cowbridge Grammar School was founded in 1608 by Sir John Stradling and owned by Jesus College , Oxford , from 1685 to 1918 . Sir Leoline Jenkins , Secretary of State to Charles II , purchased the school and bequeathed it to Jesus College in his will . It became Cowbridge Comprehensive School in 1973-4 . What used to be the grammar school 's main building , dating from 1852 , was converted into residential accommodations beginning in 2006 and completed in 2008 . In 1881 , Edward Treharne , who represented the school , was chosen to play in the first international game for the Wales rugby union team . The Grammar School Old Boys ' Association , in conjunction with the school 's successor , Cowbridge Comprehensive , held a series of activities in September 2008 to mark the 400th anniversary of the start of quality education in Cowbridge ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sherborne_School', 'summary': "Sherborne School is an English independent boarding school for boys , located in the parish of Sherborne Abbey , located in the town of Sherborne in Dorset . The school has remained in the same location for over 1,300 years . It was founded in 705 AD by St Aldhelm and , following the dissolution of the monasteries , re-founded in 1550 by King Edward VI , making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom . Sherborne was one of the founder member public schools of the Headmasters ' and Headmistresses ' Conference in 1869 , and is a member of the Eton Group . In the public school tradition , Sherborne remains a full boarding school with boys living in one of nine boarding houses , although a few day pupils are admitted . It educates about 550 pupils , aged 13 to 18 . Sherborne 's A level results placed it in the top 1% of all schools in England in 2016 and 2017 . The school has a partnership with Sherborne Girls , with whom it shares many academic , co-curricular and social activities ."}]}, {'value': 'John Haycraft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Haycraft', 'summary': 'John Stacpoole Haycraft CBE ( 11 December 1926 - 23 May 1996 ) was an English language teacher and author who founded the International House World Organisation , which has shaped the evolution of the profession of English language teaching ( ELT ) .'}]}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Modern History ( 2nd )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English language teacher and founder of International House World Organisation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/International_House_World_Organisation', 'summary': "International House World Organisation is a worldwide network of 160 language schools and teacher training institutes in more than 50 countries . International House was founded in 1953 by John Haycraft and his wife Brita Haycraft in Cordoba ( Spain ) , to provide an innovative approach to language teaching . [ failed verification ] At that time formal programmes of training for teachers of English as a Foreign Language were almost non-existent . John Haycraft was the first to introduce formalised teacher training in 1962 , and the course International House developed in the 1960s and 1970s became first the Royal Society of Arts Certificate in teaching English , and then the current CELTA training course organised by Cambridge ESOL . [ citation needed ] Teaching at International House schools broadly follows what is often called the communicative method , which focuses on student to student interaction as opposed to the teacher-centred approach of traditional language teaching . However , since the mid-nineties , this has been augmented into what is called 'principled eclecticism ' to incorporate lexical , task-based and generally more 'function-based ' approaches to language learning and teaching ."}]}, {'value': 'Herbert Armitage James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbert_Armitage_James', 'summary': "Herbert Armitage James , CH ( 3 August 1844 - 15 November 1931 ) was a Welsh cleric and headmaster of three leading public schools , who ended his remarkable scholastic career , as it was later described by Austen Chamberlain , by becoming President of St John 's College , Oxford . After an Oxford education and early teaching career at Marlborough College , he was headmaster of Rossall School from 1875 to 1886 . It was said that he raised the school to a pitch of all-round excellence which it had not known before . After suffering from health problems at Rossall , he served as Dean of St Asaph from 1886 to 1889 . He returned to teaching in 1889 , becoming headmaster of Cheltenham College and remaining in this post until 1895 , despite being offered the position of headmaster of Clifton College . He then became headmaster of Rugby School and served there to great acclaim . His Rugby School nickname of The Bodger is still in use at the school . He left Rugby School in 1909 to become President of St John 's College , Oxford , a position he held until his death 22 years later . He was a highly respected teacher and preacher , being described as one of the best preachers of his day . He was widely praised for his work at Rossall , Cheltenham , Rugby and St John 's . He was made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by King George V in 1926 . At a dinner in his honour held to mark this award , attended by over 200 friends and former students , he was described by Austen Chamberlain ( the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs ) as one of the greatest and most forceful characters who had ever devoted himself to education ."}]}, {'value': '1863', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Transferred to Lincoln College when he won a scholarship in 1864 ; later headmaster of Rugby School and President of St John 's College , Oxford", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford', 'summary': 'Lincoln College ( formally , The College of the Blessed Mary and All Saints , Lincoln ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford , situated on Turl Street in central Oxford . Lincoln was founded in 1427 by Richard Fleming , then Bishop of Lincoln . Notable alumni include John Radcliffe , Nobel Prize winner Howard Florey , Edward Abraham , Norman Heatley , John le Carré , Rachel Maddow , Theodor Seuss Geisel ( Dr. Seuss ) , Nevil Sidgwick and John Wesley . Roland Berrill , an Australian barrister , and Dr. Lancelot Ware , a British scientist and lawyer , founded Mensa at Lincoln College in 1946 . Lincoln College has one of the oldest working medieval kitchens in the UK .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rugby_School', 'summary': "Rugby School is an independent co-educational day and boarding school in Rugby , Warwickshire , England . Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys , it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain . Up to 1667 , the school remained in comparative obscurity . Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster , from 1828 to 1841 , was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school . It is one of the original seven Great Nine Public Schools defined by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 . Rugby School was also the birthplace of Rugby football . In 1845 , a committee of Rugby schoolboys , William Delafield Arnold , W. W. Shirley and Frederick Hutchins , wrote the Laws of Football as Played At Rugby School , the first published set of laws for any code of football . As the nature of the school shifted , a new school - Lawrence Sheriff Grammar School - was founded in 1878 to continue Lawrence Sheriff 's original intentions . Rugby expanded further in the 20th century and new buildings were built inspired by the Edwardian Era . The Temple Speech Room , named after former headmaster and Archbishop of Canterbury Frederick Temple ( 1858-69 ) is now used for whole-School assemblies , speech days , concerts , musicals - and BBC Mastermind . Between the wars , the Memorial Chapel , the Music Schools and a new Sanatorium appeared . In 1975 two girls were admitted into the sixth form , and the first girls house opened 3 years later , followed by three more ."}, {'url': "/wiki/St_John's_College,_Oxford", 'summary': "St John 's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford . Founded as a men 's college in 1555 , it has been coeducational since 1979 . Its founder , Sir Thomas White , intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary . St John 's is the wealthiest college in Oxford , with a financial endowment of £551 million as of 2018 , largely due to nineteenth century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord . The college occupies a central location on St Giles ' and has a student body of approximately 390 undergraduates and 250 postgraduates . As well as over 100 academic staff , the college is supported by a similar number of other staff . It is amongst the most academic of all Oxford colleges , in 2018 St John 's topped the Norrington Table , the annual ranking of Oxford colleges ' final results ."}]}, {'value': 'Robert James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_James_(headmaster)', 'summary': "Robert Leoline James C.B.E . ( 27 September 1905 - 14 May 1982 ) was High Master of St Paul 's School from 1946 to 1953 and headmaster of Harrow School from 1953 to 1971 ."}]}, {'value': '1924', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores ( 1st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': "Son of Henry James , Dean of Bangor ; High Master of St Paul 's School ( 1946-1953 ) and Headmaster of Harrow School ( 1953-1971 )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_James_(priest)', 'summary': 'Henry Lewis James ( 18 March 1864 - 17 January 1949 ) was Dean of Bangor from 1934 to 1940 and an author of theological works in Welsh .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_(religion)', 'summary': "A dean , in a church context , is a cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy . The title is used mainly in the Anglican Communion , the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Roman Catholic Church , and many Lutheran denominations . A dean 's assistant is called a subdean ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bangor_Cathedral', 'summary': 'Bangor Cathedral ( Welsh : Eglwys Gadeiriol Bangor ) is an ancient place of worship in Bangor , Gwynedd , Wales . It is dedicated to its founder , Saint Deiniol . The site of the present building of Bangor Cathedral has been in use as a place of Christian worship since the 6th century . The cathedral is built on a low-lying and inconspicuous site , possibly so as not to attract the attention of Viking raiders from the sea . The Gothic style building on the hill is part of Bangor University .'}, {'url': "/wiki/St_Paul's_School_(London)", 'summary': "St Paul 's School is a selective independent school for boys aged 13-18 , founded in 1509 by John Colet and located on a 43-acre ( 180,000m2 ) site by the River Thames , in Barnes , London . It is one of the original nine British Clarendon public schools as investigated by the 1861 Clarendon Commission . However , The School successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868 . Since 1881 , St Paul 's has had its own preparatory school , St Paul 's Juniors ( formerly Colet Court ) , which since 1968 has been located on the same site . St Paul 's has been ranked ( 2001 ) as the leading boys ' school in the country academically , on the merit of its position in the national GCSE and A level examination performance tables combined with one of the highest Oxford and Cambridge acceptance rates of any secondary school or college . The school is currently being rebuilt and expanded as part of a £150 million project . Beginning in 2011 , the work was scheduled to be carried out in phases over a period of thirty years . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Harrow_School', 'summary': "Harrow School ( /ˈhæroʊ/ ) is a public school for boys in Harrow , London , England . The School was founded in 1572 by John Lyon under a Royal Charter of Elizabeth I , and is one of the original seven public schools that were regulated by the Public Schools Act 1868 . Harrow charges up to £12,850 per term , with three terms per academic year ( 2017/18 ) . Harrow is the fourth most expensive boarding school in the Headmasters ' and Headmistresses ' Conference . The school has an enrolment of 829 boys all of whom board full-time , in twelve boarding houses . It remains one of four all-boys , full-boarding schools in Britain , the others being Eton , Radley and Winchester . Harrow 's uniform includes morning suits , straw boater hats , top hats and canes . Its alumni include eight former British or Indian Prime Ministers ( including Peel , Palmerston , Baldwin , Churchill and Nehru ) , foreign politicians , former and current members of both houses of the UK Parliament , five kings and several other members of various royal families , three Nobel Prize winners , twenty Victoria Cross and one George Cross holders , and many figures in the arts and sciences ."}]}, {'value': 'Harold Littler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harold_Littler', 'summary': 'Harold Davies Littler ( 1887 - 3 January 1948 ) was an Anglican priest and headmaster .'}]}, {'value': '1907 ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1910', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Modern History ( 2nd )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Anglican priest and headmaster of Sir William Turner 's School , Coatham", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coatham', 'summary': 'Coatham is a place in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire , England and is now a district of Redcar .'}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Lewis Lloyd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Lewis_Lloyd', 'summary': "Daniel Lewis Lloyd ( 23 November 1843 - 4 August 1899 ) was a schoolteacher and cleric . Born in Llanarth , Ceredigion , Wales , Lloyd was educated at Lampeter College School and Jesus College , Oxford . He was , successively , the headmaster at Dolgelley Grammar School ( 1867-1872 ) , Friars School , Bangor ( 1872-1878 ) and Christ College , Brecon ( 1878-1890 ) . He was then appointed Bishop of Bangor , ( 1890-1898 ) , the first Welsh-speaking bishop there for over 200 years . Lloyd died in Llanarth , Cardiganshire aged 55 and is buried in St David 's churchyard , Llanarth . He had married Elizabeth Margaret Lewis , daughter of the Reverend D. Lewis of Trawsfynydd ; they had three daughters . Bishop Lloyd also had two sons . D.R.L.Lloyd and Lt.Col H.C.L.Lloyd ."}]}, {'value': '1862', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1867', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores ( 2nd ) ( 1867 ) , MA ( 1871 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': 'Headmaster of Dolgelley Grammar School , Friars School , Bangor and Christ College , Brecon ; later Bishop of Bangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolgelley_Grammar_School', 'summary': 'Dolgellau ( Welsh pronunciation : [ dɔlˈɡɛɬaɨ ] ; formerly Dolgell ( e ) y [ dɔlˈɡɛɬi ] ; see below ) is a market town and community in Gwynedd , north-west Wales , lying on the River Wnion , a tributary of the River Mawddach . It is traditionally the county town of the historic county of Merionethshire ( Welsh : Meirionnydd , Sir Feirionnydd ) , which lost its administrative status when Gwynedd was created in 1974 . Dolgellau is the main base for climbers of Cadair Idris . Although very small , it is the second largest settlement in Southern Gwynedd after Tywyn . The community includes Penmaenpool .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Friars_School,_Bangor', 'summary': 'Friars School is a comprehensive school in Bangor , Gwynedd , and one of the oldest schools in Wales .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christ_College,_Brecon', 'summary': 'Christ College , Brecon is a co-educational , boarding and day independent school , located in the minster and market town of Brecon in mid-Wales . It currently caters for pupils aged 7-18 years .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bishop_of_Bangor', 'summary': "The Bishop of Bangor is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of Bangor . The see is based in the city of Bangor where the bishop 's seat ( cathedra ) is at Cathedral Church of Saint Deiniol . The Report of the Commissioners appointed by his Majesty to inquire into the Ecclesiastical Revenues of England and Wales ( 1835 ) found the see had an annual net income of £4,464 . This made it the second wealthiest diocese in Wales , after St Asaph . The incumbent is Right Reverend Andrew John , who was consecrated on 29 November 2008 and enthroned on 24 January 2009 . The bishop 's residence is Ty ' r Esgob ( Bishop 's House ) in Bangor ."}]}, {'value': 'Edward Owen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Owen_(translator)', 'summary': 'Edward Owen ( 1728 or 1729 - April 1807 ) was a Welsh Anglican priest , headmaster and translator .'}]}, {'value': '1746', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1752', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA ( 1749 ) , MA ( 1752 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Welsh priest and translator , who was headmaster of the grammar school in Warrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington', 'summary': 'Warrington ( /ˈwɒrɪŋtən/ ) is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire , England , on the banks of the River Mersey . It is 20 miles ( 32 km ) east of Liverpool , and 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of Manchester . The population in 2018 was estimated at just over 209,500 , more than double that of 1968 when it became a New Town . Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire . Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey . A new settlement was established by the Saxons . By the Middle Ages , Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river . A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time . Historically part of Lancashire , the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution , particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century . The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town , and the Liverpool to Manchester railway ( the Cheshire Lines route ) west to east . The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough ( west to east ) . The M6 , M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Owen Owen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owen_Owen_(school_inspector)', 'summary': 'Owen Owen ( 1850 - 14 March 1920 ) was a Welsh teacher who , after being headmaster of a successful private school for boys in Oswestry , Shropshire , became the first Chief Inspector of the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education .'}]}, {'value': '1873', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1877', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores ( 3rd )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': 'Headmaster in Oswestry who became the first Chief Inspector of the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oswestry', 'summary': "Oswestry ( /ˈɒzwəstri/ OZ-wəs-tree ) is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire , England , close to the Welsh border . It is at the junction of the A5 , A483 and A495 roads . The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished under local government reorganisation with effect from 1 April 2009 . Oswestry is the third-largest town in Shropshire , following Telford and Shrewsbury . The 2011 Census recorded the population of the civil parish as 17,105 ( up almost 10% from 15,613 in 2001 ) and the urban area as 16,660 . The town is five miles ( 8 km ) from the Welsh border , and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage . It is the home of the Shropshire libraries ' Welsh Collection . Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands , a designated natural area and national character area ."}]}, {'value': 'Morgan Phillips', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morgan_Hector_Phillips', 'summary': 'Morgan Hector Phillips ( 14 March 1885 - 3 March 1953 ) was a Welsh headmaster and educationalist , who served as headmaster of Ruthin School from 1930 to 1935 . Phillips , who was the son of the rector of Radyr , Glamorgan , Wales , was born on 14 March 1885 . He was educated at Christ College , Brecon and was then a classical scholar at Jesus College , Oxford ( graduating in 1911 ) . He was a teacher in East Grinstead , at University College School in London , and at Charterhouse . He served as an officer in the Royal Fusiliers ( 1914 ) and the Royal Army Service Corps ( 1915 to 1919 ) . He was appointed as Rector of the Royal College , Mauritius and a member of the Colonial Civil Service in 1923 , working also as head of the Secondary Education Department of the island . In 1930 , he was appointed as headmaster of Ruthin School , Wales , resigning in 1935 apparently through ill-health . Thereafter , he moved to London and was a director of various companies . He died on 3 March 1953 .'}]}, {'value': '1907 ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1911', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Headmaster of Ruthin School ( 1930-1935 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruthin_School', 'summary': 'Ruthin School is a public school ( i.e . independent school ) located on the outskirts of Ruthin , the county town of Denbighshire , North Wales . It is over seven hundred years old , making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom . Originally a school for boys , it has been co-educational since 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'Owen Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owen_Price_(writer)', 'summary': 'Owen Price ( died 25 November 1671 ) was a Welsh schoolmaster and writer .'}]}, {'value': '1649', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graduated from Christ Church , Oxford ; Master of Magdalen College School , Oxford and writer of educational books', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford', 'summary': "Christ Church ( Latin : Ædes Christi , the temple or house , ædēs , of Christ , and thus sometimes known as The House ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Christ Church is a joint foundation of the college and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese ( Christ Church Cathedral and its cathedral school ) , which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head . Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII , it is one of the larger colleges of the University of Oxford with 629 students in 2016 . It is also the second wealthiest college ( after St John 's ) with an endowment of £550.3m as of 2018 [ update ] . Christ Church has a number of architecturally significant buildings including Tom Tower ( designed by Sir Christopher Wren ) , Tom Quad ( the largest quadrangle in Oxford ) , and the Great Dining Hall which was also the seat of the parliament assembled by King Charles I during the English Civil War . The buildings have inspired replicas throughout the world in addition to being featured in films such as Harry Potter and The Golden Compass . This has helped Christ Church become the most popular Oxford college for tourists with almost half a million visitors annually . Christ Church has many notable alumni including thirteen British prime ministers ( more than any other Oxbridge college ) , King Edward VII , King William II of the Netherlands , seventeen Archbishops , writers Lewis Carroll ( Alice in Wonderland ) and W. H. Auden , philosopher John Locke , and scientist Robert Hooke . Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading , which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading . The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Magdalen_College_School,_Oxford', 'summary': "Magdalen College School ( MCS ) is an independent day school in Oxford , England , for boys aged seven to eighteen and for girls in the sixth form . It was founded by William Waynflete about 1480 as part of Magdalen College , Oxford . In 2010 The Good Schools Guide described the school as having A comfortable mix of brains , brawn and artistic flair but demanding and challenging too . Not what you might expect a boys ' public school to look like or feel like . The school was named Independent School of the Year by the Sunday Times in 2004 , and again in 2008 , becoming the first boys ' school to gain this accolade twice . The school is run by a headmaster , known since the foundation of the school simply as the Master , and controlled by a Board of Governors , who appoint the Master . It has both a senior school and a junior school . The Senior School has six houses , each headed by a housemaster selected from the senior members of the teaching staff , of whom there are about 160 . There are also six houses in the Junior School . Almost all of the school 's pupils go on to universities , and about a third of them to Oxford or Cambridge . The present Master , Helen Pike , began her work at the school in August 2016 , after previously being Headmistress of the South Hampstead High School , and in the school 's long history is the first woman to be Master . In a review by the Independent Schools Inspectorate in 2017 , the school was described as remarkable and providing rich opportunities , where pupils academic results are exceptional ."}]}, {'value': 'Ernest Salter Davies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernest_Salter_Davies', 'summary': 'Ernest Salter Davies CBE ( 25 October 1872 - 10 June 1955 ) was a Welsh teacher and educationalist , who served as director of education for Kent from 1918 to 1938 . His influence extended beyond Kent , as he was chairman of the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust , editor of the Journal of Education and President or chairman of trustees of several other institutions .'}]}, {'value': '1891', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1895', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': 'Director of Education for Kent for 20 years and writer on educational matters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kent', 'summary': 'Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties . It borders Greater London to the north-west , Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west . The county also shares borders with Essex along the estuary of the River Thames ( connected by land via High Speed 1 and the Dartford Crossing ) , and with the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel . The county town is Maidstone . Kent was among the first British territories conquered and settled by Anglo-Saxons . Canterbury Cathedral in Kent has been the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury , leader of the Church of England , since the Reformation . Prior to that it was built by Catholics , dating back to the conversion of England to Catholicism by Saint Augustine that began in the 6th century . Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church , Canterbury , as well as being the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury . The last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury was Reginald Pole . Rochester Cathedral is also in Kent , in Medway . It is the second-oldest cathedral in England , with Canterbury Cathedral being the oldest . Between London and the Strait of Dover , which separates it from mainland Europe , Kent has seen both diplomacy and conflict , ranging from the Leeds Castle peace talks of 1978 and 2004 to the Battle of Britain in World War II .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Thomas_(priest)', 'summary': 'Thomas Thomas ( 7 September 1804 - 9 January 1877 ) was a Welsh Anglican clergyman . He was noted for his parish ministry in Caernarfon , particularly for his educational work in building schools and helping to found the North Wales Training College .'}]}, {'value': '1824', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1827', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Welsh cleric ( Thomas of Caernarfon ) who helped to found schools in Caernarfon ; the father of Llewellyn Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Llewellyn_Thomas', 'summary': 'Thomas Llewellyn Thomas ( generally known as Llewellyn Thomas ) ( 14 November 1840 - 12 May 1897 ) was a Welsh Anglican clergyman and scholar of the Welsh language . He wrote poems in English , Latin and Welsh and worked on a Basque translation of the Old Testament . He was a Fellow of Jesus College , Oxford for twenty-five years , including fifteen years as Vice-Principal , but failed to be elected Principal in 1895 , losing out to John Rhys .'}]}, {'value': 'James Vincent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Vincent_(priest)', 'summary': 'James Vincent ( 1718-1783 ) was a Welsh Anglican priest and schoolmaster .'}]}, {'value': '1735', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1739', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Welsh cleric and schoolteacher , who was Master of the Friars School , Bangor ; grandfather of James Vincent , who also attended the college', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Friars_School', 'summary': 'Friars School is a comprehensive school in Bangor , Gwynedd , and one of the oldest schools in Wales .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd', 'summary': 'Bangor ( English : /ˈbæŋɡər/ ; Welsh : [ ˈbaŋɡɔr ] ) is a city and community in Gwynedd , northwest Wales . It is the oldest city in Wales , and one of the smallest cities in the United Kingdom . Historically in Caernarfonshire , it is a university city with a population of 18,808 at the 2011 census , including around 10,500 students at Bangor University . It is one of only six places classed as a city in Wales , although it is only the 25th-largest urban area by population . At the 2001 census , 46.6 per cent of the non-student resident population spoke Welsh .'}, {'url': '/wiki/James_Vincent_(Dean_of_Bangor)', 'summary': 'James Vincent Vincent ( born James Vincent Jones ) ( 4 October 1792 - 22 March 1876 ) was a Welsh cleric who became Dean of Bangor Cathedral , holding the position for 14 years .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Williams ( F/P )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Williams_(academic)', 'summary': 'Charles Williams ( b. c. 1804 - 17 October 1877 ) was Principal of Jesus College , Oxford , from 1857 to 1877 .'}]}, {'value': '1823', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1827', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Literae Humaniores ( 1st )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Literae_Humaniores', 'summary': 'Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .'}]}, {'value': 'Headmaster of Ruthin School ( 1831-1839 ) , Principal ( 1857-1877 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruthin_School', 'summary': 'Ruthin School is a public school ( i.e . independent school ) located on the outskirts of Ruthin , the county town of Denbighshire , North Wales . It is over seven hundred years old , making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom . Originally a school for boys , it has been co-educational since 1990 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Alumni -- Educators', 'section_text': 'Herbert Armitage James', 'uid': 'List_of_alumni_of_Jesus_College,_Oxford_8', 'intro': "Jesus College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its alumni include politicians, lawyers, bishops, poets, and academics. Some went on to become fellows of the college; 14 students later became principal of the college. It was founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth I, at the request of a Welsh clergyman, Hugh Price, who was Treasurer of St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire. The college still has strong links with Wales, and about 15% of students are Welsh. There are 340 undergraduates and 190 students carrying out postgraduate studies. Old members of Jesus College are sometimes known as Jesubites. From the world of politics, the college's alumni include two Prime Ministers (Harold Wilson of Britain and Norman Manley of Jamaica), one Speaker of the House of Commons (Sir William Williams), a co-founder of Plaid Cymru (D. J. Williams) and a co-founder of the African National Congress (Pixley ka Isaka Seme). Members of Parliament from the three main political parties in the United Kingdom have attended the college, as have politicians from Australia (Neal Blewett), New Zealand (Harold Rushworth), Sri Lanka (Lalith Athulathmudali) and the United States (Heather Wilson). The list of lawyers include one Lord Chancellor (Lord Sankey) and one Law Lord (Lord du Parcq). The list of clergy includes three Archbishops of Wales (A. G. Edwards, Glyn Simon and Gwilym Williams). Celticists associated with the college include Sir John Morris-Jones, Sir Thomas (T. H.) Parry-Williams and William John Gruffydd, whilst the list of historians includes the college's first graduate, David Powel, who published the first printed history of Wales in 1584, and the Victorian historian John Richard Green."}
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What year did a graduate earn a BA who was also an entomologist mainly interested in beetles ?
1873
fec6e8639addaa86
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_United_States_Congress', 'title': '19th United States Congress', 'header': ['State ( class )', 'Vacator', 'Reason for change', 'Successor', "Date of successor 's formal installation"], 'data': [{'value': 'New Hampshire ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "New Hampshire 's current senators are Democrats Jeanne Shaheen and Maggie Hassan . Senator Shaheen is currently serving her second term , and Senator Hassan is currently serving her first term in the United States Senate ."}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seat remained vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levi Woodbury ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Levi_Woodbury', 'summary': "Levi Woodbury ( December 22 , 1789 - September 4 , 1851 ) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States , a U.S . Senator , the 9th Governor of New Hampshire , and cabinet member in three administrations . Born in Francestown , New Hampshire , he established a legal practice in Francestown in 1812 . After serving in the New Hampshire Senate , he was appointed to the New Hampshire Supreme Court in 1817 . He served as Governor of New Hampshire from 1823 to 1824 and represented New Hampshire in the Senate from 1825 to 1831 , becoming affiliated with the Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson . He served as the United States Secretary of the Navy under President Jackson and as the United States Secretary of the Treasury under Jackson and President Martin Van Buren . He served another term representing New Hampshire in the Senate from 1841 to 1845 , when he accepted President James K. Polk 's appointment to the Supreme Court . Woodbury was the first Justice to have attended law school . [ a ] He received significant support for the presidential nomination at the 1848 Democratic National Convention , particularly among New England delegates , but the nomination went to Lewis Cass of Michigan . Woodbury served on the court until his death in 1851 ."}]}, {'value': 'Installed March 16 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Connecticut ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Connecticut', 'summary': 'This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Connecticut . United States senators are popularly elected , for a six-year term , beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the Connecticut General Assembly , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrats Richard Blumenthal ( serving since 2011 ) and Chris Murphy ( serving since 2013 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seat remained vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calvin Willey ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calvin_Willey', 'summary': 'Calvin Willey ( September 15 , 1776 - August 23 , 1858 ) was an American politician from Connecticut who served in the United States Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed May 4 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York', 'summary': "Below is a list of U.S. senators who have represented the State of New York in the United States Senate since 1789 . The date of the start of the tenure is either the first day of the legislative term ( Senators who were elected regularly before the term began ) , or the day when they took the seat ( U.S. senators who were elected in special elections to fill vacancies , or after the term began ) . New York 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Chuck Schumer ( serving since 1999 , also serving as Senate Minority Leader since 2017 ) and Kirsten Gillibrand ( serving since 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seat remained vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathan Sanford ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Sanford', 'summary': 'Nathan Sanford ( November 5 , 1777 - October 17 , 1838 ) was an American politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed January 14 , 1826 , after resigning as Chancellor of New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chancellor_of_New_York', 'summary': 'The New York Court of Chancery was the highest court in the State of New York from 1701 to 1847 .'}]}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia has sent senators to the U.S. Senate since 1789 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1861 , due to its secession from the Union , but Senators representing its western counties continued to sit until March 1863 . Virginia 's Senate seats were again filled from January 1870 . Virginia 's current Senators are Democrats Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ."}]}, {'value': 'James Barbour ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Barbour', 'summary': "James Barbour ( June 10 , 1775 - June 7 , 1842 ) was an American lawyer , politician and planter . He served as a delegate from Orange County , Virginia in the Virginia General Assembly , and as speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates . He was the 18th Governor of Virginia and the first Governor to reside in the current Virginia Governor 's Mansion . After the War of 1812 , Barbour became a U.S . Senator ( from 1814-1825 ) and the United States Secretary of War ( 1825-1828 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned March 7 , 1825 , after being appointed US Secretary of War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Secretary_of_War', 'summary': "The secretary of war was a member of the United States president 's Cabinet , beginning with George Washington 's administration . A similar position , called either Secretary at War or Secretary of War , had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789 . Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position . When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution , he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War . The secretary of war was the head of the War Department . At first , he was responsible for all military affairs , including naval affairs . In 1798 , the secretary of the Navy was created by statute , and the scope of responsibility for this office was reduced to the affairs of the United States Army . From 1886 onward , the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president of the United States , the speaker of the House of Representatives , the president pro tem of the Senate and the secretary of state . In 1947 , with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 , the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force , which , along with the secretary of the Navy , have since 1949 been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense . The secretary of the Army 's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war 's office although the secretary of defense took the secretary of war 's position in the Cabinet , and the line of succession to the presidency ."}]}, {'value': 'John Randolph ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke', 'summary': "John Randolph ( June 2 , 1773 - May 24 , 1833 ) , known as John Randolph of Roanoke , [ note 1 ] was a planter and a Congressman from Virginia , serving in the House of Representatives at various times between 1799 and 1833 , and the Senate from 1825 to 1827 . He was also Minister to Russia under Andrew Jackson in 1830 . After serving as President Thomas Jefferson 's spokesman in the House , he broke with the president in 1805 as a result of what he saw as the dilution of traditional Jeffersonian principles as well as perceived mistreatment during the impeachment of Samuel Chase , in which Randolph served as chief prosecutor . Following this split , Randolph proclaimed himself the leader of the Old Republicans or Tertium Quids , a wing of the Democratic-Republican Party who wanted to restrict the role of the federal government . Specifically , Randolph promoted the Principles of '98 , which said that individual states could judge the constitutionality of central government laws and decrees , and could refuse to enforce laws deemed unconstitutional . A quick-thinking orator with a remarkable wit , he was committed to republicanism and advocated a commercial agrarian society throughout his three decades in Congress . Randolph 's conservative stance , displayed in his arguments against debt and for the rights of the landed gentry , have been attributed to his ties to his family estate and the elitist values of his native Southside Virginia [ citation needed ] . His belief in the importance of a landed gentry led him to oppose the abolition of entail and primogeniture : The old families of Virginia will form connections with low people , and sink into the mass of overseers ' sons and daughters . Randolph vehemently opposed the War of 1812 and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 ; he was active in debates about tariffs , manufacturing , and currency . With mixed feelings about slavery , he was one of the founders of the American Colonization Society in 1816 , to send free blacks to a colony in Africa . At the same time , he believed that slavery was a necessity in Virginia , saying , The question of slavery , as it is called , is to us a question of life and death . You will find no instance in history where two distinct races have occupied the soil except in the relation of master and slave ."}]}, {'value': 'Appointed December 26 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississippi ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Mississippi', 'summary': 'Mississippi was admitted to the Union on December 10 , 1817 , and elects senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . Its current senators are Republicans Cindy Hyde-Smith and Roger Wicker . As of April 2 , 2018 , 51 people have served as U.S. senators from Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'David Holmes ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Holmes_(politician)', 'summary': 'David Holmes ( March 10 , 1769 - August 20 , 1832 ) was an American politician . He was a Virginia congressman , and later Mississippi statesman . He was appointed as the fourth and last governor of the Mississippi Territory and became elected as the first governor of the State of Mississippi . He served a term as Senator of Mississippi , and returned to serve part of a term as governor before ill health forced him to resign .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned September 25 , 1825 , after being elected Governor of Mississippi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi', 'summary': "The governor of Mississippi is the head of the executive branch of Mississippi 's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces . The Governor has a duty to enforce state laws , and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature , to convene the legislature at any time , and , except in cases of treason or impeachment , to grant pardons and reprieves . To be elected governor , a person must be at least 30 years old , and must have been a citizen of the United States for twenty years and a resident of Mississippi for at least five years at the time of inauguration . The Constitution of Mississippi , ratified in 1890 , calls for a four-year term for the governor . He or she may be reelected once ( prior to a 1987 amendment to the state Constitution , governors were limited to one term ) . The original Constitution of 1817 had only a two-year term for governor ; this was expanded to four years in the 1868 Constitution . Uniquely among the states , the Mississippi Constitution requires a gubernatorial candidate to win not just a majority of the popular vote but also a majority of state legislative districts in order to be elected - if no candidate gets both majorities , the state House chooses from the highest two popular vote-getters . The lieutenant governor is elected at the same time as the governor and serves as president of the Mississippi Senate . When the office of governor becomes vacant for any reason , the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term . The governor of Mississippi is also appoints the members of the Institutions of Higher Learning Board of Trustees ."}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan Ellis ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Ellis', 'summary': 'Powhatan Ellis ( January 17 , 1790 - March 18 , 1863 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed September 28 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennessee ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1 , 1796 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1862 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1866 . Tennessee 's current Senators are Republicans Lamar Alexander and Marsha Blackburn ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Jackson ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Jackson', 'summary': "Andrew Jackson ( March 15 , 1767 - June 8 , 1845 ) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837 . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the common man against a corrupt aristocracy and to preserve the Union . Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War , Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards . He served briefly in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate , representing Tennessee . After resigning , he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804 . Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage , and became a wealthy , slaveowning planter . In 1801 , he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year . He led troops during the Creek War of 1813-1814 , winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . In the concurrent war against the British , Jackson 's victory in 1815 at the Battle of New Orleans made him a national hero . Jackson then led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned October 14 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Lawson White ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White', 'summary': "Hugh Lawson White ( October 30 , 1773 - April 10 , 1840 ) was a prominent American politician during the first third of the 19th century . After filling in several posts particularly in Tennessee 's judiciary and state legislature since 1801 , thereunder as a Tennessee Supreme Court justice , he was chosen to succeed former presidential candidate Andrew Jackson in the United States Senate in 1825 and became a member of the new Democratic Party , supporting Jackson 's policies and his future presidential administration . However , he left the Democrats in 1836 and was a Whig candidate in that year 's presidential election . An ardent strict constructionist and lifelong states ' rights advocate , White was one of President Jackson 's most trusted allies in Congress in the late 1820s and early 1830s . :246 White fought against the national bank , tariffs , and the use of federal funds for internal improvements , :31 , 76-77 and led efforts in the Senate to pass the Indian Removal Act of 1830.:153 In 1833 , at the height of the Nullification Crisis , White , as the Senate 's president pro tempore , coordinated negotiations over the Tariff of 1833.:239 Suspicious of the growing power of the presidency , White began to distance himself from Jackson in the mid-1830s , and realigned himself with Henry Clay and the burgeoning Whig Party . :251-2 He was eventually forced out of the Senate when Jackson 's allies , led by James K. Polk , gained control of the Tennessee state legislature and demanded his resignation . :409-410"}]}, {'value': 'Installed October 28 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhode Island ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Rhode_Island', 'summary': "Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution on May 29 , 1790 and elects its U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Jack Reed ( since 1997 ) and Sheldon Whitehouse ( since 2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'James De Wolf ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_De_Wolf', 'summary': "James DeWolf ( March 18 , 1764 - December 21 , 1837 ) was a slave trader , a privateer during the War of 1812 , and a state and national politician . He gained notoriety in 1791 when indicted for murdering a slave said to have smallpox , whom he said threatened the lives of all of the other slaves and crew because of the disease . The case was ultimately dismissed and was considered justifiable under contemporary law . During his lifetime , his name was usually written James D'Wolf . He served as a state legislator for a total of nearly 25 years , and in the 1820s as a United States senator from Rhode Island for much of a term . Along with the slave trade , DeWolf invested in sugar and coffee plantations in Cuba and became the wealthiest man in his state ; by the end of his life , he was said to be the second-richest person in the entire United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned October 31 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asher Robbins ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asher_Robbins', 'summary': 'Asher Robbins ( October 26 , 1761 - February 25 , 1845 ) ( also known as Ashur Robbins ) was a United States Senator from Rhode Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed October 31 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Maryland', 'summary': "This is a list of United States senators from Maryland , which ratified the United States Constitution April 28 , 1788 , becoming the seventh state to do so . To provide for continuity of government , the framers divided Senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms , and Maryland 's Senators are in the first and third classes . Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , which allowed for direct election of Senators , Maryland 's Senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly . Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897 , Senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while Senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state ."}]}, {'value': 'Edward Lloyd ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(Governor_of_Maryland)', 'summary': 'Edward Lloyd V ( July 22 , 1779 - June 2 , 1834 ) served as the 13th Governor of Maryland from 1809 to 1811 , and as a United States Senator from Maryland between 1819 and 1826 . He also served as a U.S . Congressman from the seventh district of Maryland from 1807 to 1809 .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned January 14 , 1826 , after being elected to the Maryland State Senate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maryland_State_Senate', 'summary': "The Maryland Senate , sometimes referred to as the Maryland State Senate , is the upper house of the General Assembly , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland . Composed of 47 senators elected from an equal number of constituent single-member districts , the Senate is responsible , along with the Maryland House of Delegates , for passage of laws in Maryland , and for confirming executive appointments made by the Governor of Maryland . It evolved from the upper house of the colonial assembly created in 1650 when Maryland was a proprietary colony controlled by Cecilius Calvert . It consisted of the Governor and members of the Governor 's appointed council . With slight variation , the body to meet in that form until 1776 , when Maryland , now a state independent of British rule , passed a new constitution that created an electoral college to appoint members of the Senate . This electoral college was abolished in 1838 and members began to be directly elected from each county and Baltimore City . In 1972 , because of a Supreme Court decision , the number of districts was increased to 47 , and the districts were balanced by population rather than being geographically determined . To serve in the Maryland Senate , a person must be a citizen of Maryland 25 years of age or older . Elections for the 47 Senate seats are held every four years coincident with the federal election in which the President of the United States is not elected . Vacancies are filled through appointment by the Governor . The Senate meets for three months every year ; the rest of the year the work of the Senate is light and most members hold another job during this time . It has been controlled by Democrats for a number of years ."}]}, {'value': 'Ezekiel F. Chambers ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ezekiel_F._Chambers', 'summary': "Ezekiel Forman Chambers ( February 28 , 1788 - January 30 , 1867 ) was an American politician . Born in Chestertown , Maryland , Chambers was graduated from Washington College at Chestertown in 1805 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1808 , and commenced practice in Chestertown . Chambers served during the War of 1812 as a captain of militia , commanding a company at the Battle of Caulk 's Field in 1814 . He attained the rank of brigadier general of militia after the war . In 1822 , Chambers served in the Maryland State Senate . Chambers was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Edward Lloyd . He was reelected in 1831 and served from January 24 , 1826 until his own resignation on December 20 , 1834 . In the Senate , Chambers served as chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia ( Twenty-first through Twenty-third Congresses ) . After his tenure in the Senate , Chambers served as presiding judge of the second judicial circuit of Maryland and judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1834 to 1851 . He was unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Maryland in 1864 , and died in Chestertown in 1867 . He was interred in Chester Cemetery ."}]}, {'value': 'Elected January 24 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14 , 1819 . The state elects U.S. senators to Class 2 and Class 3 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant from March 1861 to July 1868 due to its secession from the Union during the American Civil War . Alabama 's current U.S. senators are Republican Richard Shelby ( since 1987 ) and Democrat Doug Jones ( since 2018 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split U.S. Senate delegation ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry H. Chambers ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_H._Chambers', 'summary': 'Henry Hector Chambers ( October 1 , 1790 - January 24 , 1826 ) was an American politician , who served as the Democratic-Republican U.S. senator from the state of Alabama from March 4 , 1825 until his death . He was replaced by Israel Pickens until a replacement , John McKinley , could be elected .'}]}, {'value': 'Died January 24 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Israel Pickens ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel_Pickens', 'summary': 'Israel Pickens ( January 30 , 1780 - April 24 , 1827 ) was an American politician and lawyer , third Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama ( 1821-1825 ) , member of the North Carolina Senate ( 1808-1810 ) , and North Carolina Congressman in the United States House of Representatives ( 1811-1817 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed February 17 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississippi ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Mississippi', 'summary': 'Mississippi was admitted to the Union on December 10 , 1817 , and elects senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . Its current senators are Republicans Cindy Hyde-Smith and Roger Wicker . As of April 2 , 2018 , 51 people have served as U.S. senators from Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan Ellis ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Ellis', 'summary': 'Powhatan Ellis ( January 17 , 1790 - March 18 , 1863 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Successor elected January 28 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas B. Reed ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Buck_Reed', 'summary': 'Thomas Buck Reed ( May 7 , 1787 - November 26 , 1829 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed January 28 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina', 'summary': "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'John Gaillard ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Gaillard', 'summary': "John Gaillard ( September 5 , 1765 - February 26 , 1826 ) was a U.S . Senator from South Carolina . Gaillard was born in St. Stephen 's district , South Carolina , on September 5 , 1765 . He was of Huguenot descent . He was elected to the United States Senate in place of Pierce Butler , who resigned , and served from December 6 , 1804 until his death in Washington , D.C. on February 26 , 1826 . During his tenure , Gaillard voted for the War of 1812 . He served as President pro tempore of the Senate during part of the 11th Congress and at least part of every Congress from the 13th to the 18th . He was also first in the presidential line of succession from November 25 , 1814 , two days after the death of Vice President Elbridge Gerry , to March 4 , 1817 . In his memoir Thirty Years ' View , Thomas H. Benton , one of Gaillard 's contemporaries , described him thus :"}]}, {'value': 'Died February 26 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Harper ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Harper_(South_Carolina)', 'summary': 'William Joseph Harper ( January 17 , 1790 - October 10 , 1847 ) was a jurist , politician , and social and political theorist from South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed March 8 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delaware ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Delaware', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicholas Van Dyke ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(senator)', 'summary': 'Nicholas Van Dyke ( December 20 , 1770 - May 21 , 1826 ) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , who served in the Delaware General Assembly , as Attorney General of Delaware , as U.S. Representative from Delaware , and as U.S. senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Died May 21 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Rodney ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Rodney', 'summary': 'Daniel Rodney ( September 10 , 1764 - September 2 , 1846 ) was an American merchant and politician from Lewes in Sussex County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , and later the National Republican Party , who served as Governor of Delaware , U. S. Representative from Delaware and U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed November 8 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'James Lloyd ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts)', 'summary': 'James Lloyd ( December 1769 - April 5 , 1831 ) was a merchant , businessman and Federalist party politician from Massachusetts during the early years of the United States . He twice served as United States Senator , notably succeeding John Quincy Adams after the latter lost the party vote due to his support of the Embargo Act of 1807 .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned May 23 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathaniel Silsbee ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee', 'summary': 'Nathaniel Silsbee ( January 14 , 1773 - July 14 , 1850 ) was a ship master , merchant and American politician from Salem , Massachusetts .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed May 31 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Joseph McIlvaine ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_McIlvaine', 'summary': 'Joseph McIlvaine ( October 2 , 1769 - August 19 , 1826 ) was a United States Senator from New Jersey from 1823 until his death . He served as the Mayor of Burlington , New Jersey .'}]}, {'value': 'Died August 19 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ephraim Bateman ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ephraim_Bateman', 'summary': "Ephraim Bateman ( July 9 , 1780 - January 28 , 1829 ) represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 1826 to 1829 and in the United States House of Representatives from 1815 to 1823 . Born in Cedarville , New Jersey , an area within Lawrence Township , Cumberland County , New Jersey ; attended the local schools and Nathaniel Ogden 's Latin school ; apprenticed as a tailor in 1796 ; taught in the local school 1799-1801 ; studied medicine with a physician in 1801 and at the University of Pennsylvania in 1802 and 1803 ; practiced in Cedarville Member of the New Jersey General Assembly 1808-1809 , 1811 , and 1813 , serving as speaker in 1813 ; elected to the Fourteenth United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1815 - March 3 , 1823 ) . Member , New Jersey Legislative Council 1826 and served as president ; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph McIlvaine and served from November 9 , 1826 to January 12 , 1829 , when he resigned because of failing health . His election to the Senate was contested by several members of the New Jersey Legislature and citizens , citing that Bateman , while presiding over the joint election meeting , cast the deciding vote for himself against Theodore Frelinghuysen . A select committee investigated the issue and declared the election legal . He died in Cedarville , Cumberland County , New Jersey , aged 48 ; interred in the Old Stone Church Cemetery , Fairfield Township , Cumberland County , New Jersey ."}]}, {'value': 'Installed November 10 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14 , 1819 . The state elects U.S. senators to Class 2 and Class 3 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant from March 1861 to July 1868 due to its secession from the Union during the American Civil War . Alabama 's current U.S. senators are Republican Richard Shelby ( since 1987 ) and Democrat Doug Jones ( since 2018 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split U.S. Senate delegation ."}]}, {'value': 'Israel Pickens ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel_Pickens', 'summary': 'Israel Pickens ( January 30 , 1780 - April 24 , 1827 ) was an American politician and lawyer , third Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama ( 1821-1825 ) , member of the North Carolina Senate ( 1808-1810 ) , and North Carolina Congressman in the United States House of Representatives ( 1811-1817 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Successor elected November 27 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John McKinley ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McKinley', 'summary': 'John McKinley ( May 1 , 1780 - July 19 , 1852 ) was a U.S . Senator from the state of Alabama and an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed November 27 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina', 'summary': "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'William Harper ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Harper_(South_Carolina)', 'summary': 'William Joseph Harper ( January 17 , 1790 - October 10 , 1847 ) was a jurist , politician , and social and political theorist from South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Successor elected November 29 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Smith ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Smith_(South_Carolina_senator)', 'summary': "William Smith ( 1762 - June 26 , 1840 ) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate representing South Carolina in 1816 . The legislature declined to re-elect him when his term expired in 1823 . He was narrowly chosen senator in 1826 and was again replaced in 1831 . Smith was one of the first Southerners to argue , at the time of the Missouri Compromise in 1820 , that slavery was a positive good ; nevertheless , he opposed John C. Calhoun 's doctrine and tactic of nullification . In 1828 , seven electors from Georgia chose him for vice president , instead of Calhoun , the Democratic nominee . He was also a splinter candidate for vice president in 1836 : Virginia refused to accept Richard Mentor Johnson as the Democratic vice presidential candidate , and voted for the ticket of Martin Van Buren and William Smith , putting Johnson one electoral vote short of a majority ; the Senate went on to elect Johnson . In 1832 , he moved to Louisiana , having lost his political base in South Carolina . In 1836 , he moved on to Huntsville , Alabama , and was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for Madison County from August 1 , 1836 , holding that seat for the rest of his life . On March 3 , 1837 , outgoing President Andrew Jackson nominated Smith to the Supreme Court . Five days later , the newly seated Senate of the 25th Congress confirmed Smith 's nomination by a vote of 23-18 ; nevertheless , Smith declined to serve ."}]}, {'value': 'Installed November 29 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delaware ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Delaware', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Rodney ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Rodney', 'summary': 'Daniel Rodney ( September 10 , 1764 - September 2 , 1846 ) was an American merchant and politician from Lewes in Sussex County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , and later the National Republican Party , who served as Governor of Delaware , U. S. Representative from Delaware and U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned January 12 , 1827 , after successor was elected', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry M. Ridgely ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_M._Ridgely', 'summary': 'Henry Moore Ridgely ( August 6 , 1779 - August 6 , 1847 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover , in Kent County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , and later the Democratic Party , who served as U.S. Representative from Delaware and as U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed January 23 , 1827', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Changes in membership -- Senate', 'section_text': 'replacements : 7 Anti-Jacksonian ( A ) : 3-seat net gain Jacksonian ( J ) : no net change deaths : 4 resignations : 6 interim appointments : 4 Total seats with changes : 13 See also : List of special elections to the United States Senate', 'uid': '19th_United_States_Congress_0', 'intro': 'The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.'}
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What is the state ( class ) whose successor was the first Justice to have attended law school ?
New Hampshire
fec7ffbd9528db32
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iberville_Parish,_Louisiana', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Iberville Parish, Louisiana', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bagatelle Plantation House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bagatelle_Plantation_House', 'summary': 'The Bagatelle Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic mansion in Sunshine , Louisiana , USA . The house was designed by architect Robert S. Chadsey in the Greek Revival architectural style in 1841 for the plantation owner , Augustin Marius Tureaud . The historic house has been moved twice . After the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 it was moved a further back from the levee , inside the same property in St. James Parish . In 1977 a second move , due to a purchase of the land by Missouri-Portland Cement Company , brought the house to its present location in Iberville Parish . The house was moved in one piece on a barge up Mississippi River course , about 30 miles ( 48 km ) north of its original location . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 9 , 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'May 9 , 2007 ( # 07000424 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '695 River Road ( LA 991 ) 30°18′34″N 91°11′08″W / 30.30957°N 91.18551°W / 30.30957 ; -91.18551 ( Bagatelle Plantation House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_991', 'summary': 'The following is a list of state highways in the U.S. state of Louisiana designated in the 950-999 range .'}]}, {'value': 'Sunshine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunshine,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Sunshine is a northern neighborhood of the city of St. Gabriel in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . Located approximately 15 miles south of Baton Rouge along the Mississippi River , the community was originally named Forlorn Hope by inhabitants but was given its current name by Oscar Richard , Sr. , who was the post master of the Forlorn Hope , La . post office . He petitioned the federal government for permission to change the name of the post office to Sunshine , La. , in order to give it a more uplifting name . As frequently happens , the villages took the name of the local post office ; hence , the name of the village and community became known as Sunshine , La . The community was annexed to St. Gabriel in 1987 . The Sunshine type of vetiver grass , whose roots have long been used in Louisiana as an insect repellent , was given that name by the USDA in 1989 for Sunshine , Louisiana , where Eugene LeBlanc Sr. grew a heritage clone given to his grandparents by Felix Perilloux , who in turn had acquired it from his wife Myrthee Froisy Perilloux in the 1860s . Vetiver was clonally introduced throughout the tropics in the 19th century , and DNA fingerprinting has shown that almost all the vetiver grown worldwide for perfumery , agriculture , and bioengineering is essentially the same nonfertile cultigen as Sunshine . This type of essential-oil vetiver is known by various names in different locations ( e.g. , 'Monto ' in Australia ) , but because Sunshine was the earliest name used in modern times , that is how it is collectively known throughout the world today ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayou Paul Colored School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 26 , 2016 ( # 15001000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '915 Bayou Paul Road 30°18′12″N 91°06′46″W / 30.30344°N 91.11281°W / 30.30344 ; -91.11281 ( Bayou Paul Colored School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Gabriel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Gabriel,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'St. Gabriel is a city in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 6,677 at the 2010 census . The city of St. Gabriel includes the areas of Sunshine and Carville . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area . St. Gabriel was incorporated as a town in 1994 and received city designation in 2001 . It is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River , approximately 12 miles south of Baton Rouge . Bayou Manchac serves as the official boundary between St. Gabriel , Ascension Parish , and East Baton Rouge Parish . Over the years , the area has been transformed from a primarily agricultural economy to one that is now dominated by the petrochemical industry . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayou Plaquemine Lock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bayou_Plaquemine_Lock', 'summary': "Plaquemine Lock State Historic Site , located in Plaquemine , Louisiana , commemorates an early example of hydraulic engineering design and the historic significance of Bayou Plaquemine , an important navigable waterway that was once a distributary of the Mississippi River . Bayou Plaquemine promoted settlement beginning in the 18th century and helped the area economically by providing an access route between southwestern Louisiana ( and thus Texas ) and the Mississippi via the Atchafalaya Basin . The lock itself was designed by Colonel George Washington Goethals of the United States Army Corps of Engineers , who later served as chief engineer of the construction of the Panama Canal Lock , and went on to be the Canal Zone 's first governor . Plaquemine Lock was opened on April 9 , 1909 after 14 years of construction . When it was built , Plaquemine Lock was the highest freshwater lift of any lock in the world . The lock initially utilized a gravity-flow principle until pumps were installed years later . The lock was closed after 52 years of service in 1961 due to increased river traffic and the demand for a larger lock , which opened thereafter in Port Allen . The Plaquemine Lock structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 . Today , the Gary James Hebert Memorial Lockhouse serves as an on-site museum and visitors center . It is named for the man who led the way to help preserve the Lock site , which today covers 19 acres ( 7.7 ha ) ."}]}, {'value': 'May 19 , 1972 ( # 72000554 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U.S. Government Reservation at the confluence of Bayou Plaquemine and the Mississippi River 30°17′33″N 91°14′05″W / 30.29249°N 91.23471°W / 30.29249 ; -91.23471 ( Bayou Plaquemine Lock )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mississippi_River', 'summary': "The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent , second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system . From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota , it flows generally south for 2,320 miles ( 3,730 km ) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico . With its many tributaries , the Mississippi 's watershed drains all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian mountains . The main stem is entirely within the United States ; the total drainage basin is 1,151,000 sq mi ( 2,980,000 km2 ) , of which only about one percent is in Canada . The Mississippi ranks as the fourth-longest river and fifteenth-largest river by discharge in the world . The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , Illinois , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Louisiana . Native Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years . Most were hunter-gatherers , but some , such as the Mound Builders , formed prolific agricultural societies . The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers , then settlers , ventured into the basin in increasing numbers . The river served first as a barrier , forming borders for New Spain , New France , and the early United States , and then as a vital transportation artery and communications link . In the 19th century , during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny , the Mississippi and several western tributaries , most notably the Missouri , formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States . Formed from thick layers of the river 's silt deposits , the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States ; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods ."}]}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carville Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carville_Historic_District', 'summary': "The Carville Historic District in Carville , Louisiana , is a 60-acre ( 24 ha ) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 18 , 1992 . It is also known as the Gillis W. Long Hansen 's Disease Center and as Public Health Service Hospital No . 66 and served as a treatment facility for leprosy . In 1992 the district included 24 contributing buildings and two contributing structures , most built during 1939-1941 with architect/builder Neill P. Thompson . The anchor for the Carville Historic District is the Indian Camp Plantation House , the antebellum main house of a sugar plantation which is the only surviving building from the plantation . It was"}]}, {'value': 'November 18 , 1992 ( # 92001529 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5445 Point Clair Road 30°11′52″N 91°07′37″W / 30.19785°N 91.12694°W / 30.19785 ; -91.12694 ( Carville Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carville,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Carville is a neighborhood of St. Gabriel in Iberville Parish in South Louisiana , located sixteen miles south of the capital city of Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River . Carville is the hometown of Democratic political consultant James Carville and was named for his grandfather , the postmaster . The National Hansen 's Disease Museum in Carville records the history of the U. S. Public Health Service Hospital , which for a hundred years treated leprosy ( now called Hansen 's disease ) patients . The hospital has since been closed , but several of the buildings remain . This site is now called the Gillis W. Long Center , named for the late U.S. Representative Gillis William Long , a Democrat from Louisiana 's 8th congressional district , and is operated by the Louisiana Army National Guard ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of the Nativity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity_(Rosedale,_Louisiana)', 'summary': 'Church of the Nativity is a historic small Gothic Revival frame church building located at 15615 Laurel Street in Rosedale , Louisiana that is part of the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana . Built in 1859 by Mr. John Philson , the church was consecrated by Bishop Leonidas Polk on April 22 , 1860 . The simple rectangular three-bay structure with a steeply pitched roof has been altered very little since its construction . The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 11 , 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 11 , 1982 ( # 82002775 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15615 Laurel Street 30°26′42″N 91°27′08″W / 30.44493°N 91.45223°W / 30.44493 ; -91.45223 ( Church of the Nativity )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosedale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosedale,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Rosedale is a village in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 793 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Desobry Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 6 , 1986 ( # 86003128 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '58415 Court Street 30°17′04″N 91°14′35″W / 30.28458°N 91.24309°W / 30.28458 ; -91.24309 ( Desobry Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew H. Gay House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 18 , 1985 ( # 85001582 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1010 McDuffie Street 30°18′09″N 91°14′25″W / 30.30254°N 91.24041°W / 30.30254 ; -91.24041 ( Andrew H. Gay House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Homestead Plantation Complex', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 6 , 1986 ( # 86003129 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Along Bayou Road ( LA 3066 ) , about 2.9 miles ( 4.7 km ) southwest of Plaquemine 30°15′31″N 91°16′01″W / 30.25857°N 91.26686°W / 30.25857 ; -91.26686 ( Homestead Plantation Complex )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_3066', 'summary': 'The following is a list of state highways in the U.S. state of Louisiana designated in the 3050-3099 range .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iberville Parish Courthouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iberville_Parish_Courthouse', 'summary': 'The Iberville Parish Courthouse is a historic building located at 57735 Main Street in Plaquemine , Louisiana . Built in 1848 by George and Thomas Weldon , of Natchez , it served as a courthouse until 1906 . It served as Plaquemine City Hall from 1906 until 1985 , and was and later restored for its present use as Iberville Museum . It is a stuccoed brick building in Greek Revival architecture that is five bays wide with a central , pedimented portico of four Doric columns . The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31 , 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'May 31 , 1980 ( # 80001732 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '57735 Main Street 30°17′30″N 91°14′02″W / 30.29174°N 91.23393°W / 30.29174 ; -91.23393 ( Iberville Parish Courthouse )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Live Oaks Plantation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 20 , 1974 ( # 74000924 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Along LA 77 , about 435 yards ( 398 m ) northwest of intersection with LA 76 30°26′36″N 91°27′23″W / 30.4433°N 91.45648°W / 30.4433 ; -91.45648 ( Live Oaks Plantation )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_77', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 77 ( LA 77 ) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Iberville and Pointe Coupee parishes . It spans 49.2 miles ( 79.2 km ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_76', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 76 ( LA 76 ) is a state highway located in southeastern Louisiana . It runs 25.52 miles ( 41.07 km ) in a general east-west direction from LA 77 in Maringouin to the junction of LA 1 and LA 987-4 in Port Allen . The route initially heads south from Maringouin alongside the bayou of the same name before turning east through the village of Rosedale . This portion of LA 76 makes a loop off of LA 77 and connects the two communities to Interstate 10 ( I-10 ) via LA 3000 at Ramah . East of Rosedale , LA 76 crosses from Iberville Parish into West Baton Rouge Parish and parallels I-10 into Port Allen , the parish seat . The east-west portion of LA 76 is also signed as an Incident Alternate Route of I-10 . LA 76 was designated in the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering , essentially replacing State Route 998 and State Route 142 west of Rosedale , as well as short portions of State Route 1 , State Route 7 , and State Route 30 between Rosedale and Port Allen . This latter stretch had served as part of the Jefferson Highway auto trail , as well as U.S . Highways 71 and 190 before the completion of the Huey P. Long Bridge across the Mississippi River in 1940 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rosedale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosedale,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Rosedale is a village in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 793 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucky Plantation House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 27 , 2002 ( # 02001603 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1295 River Road ( LA 75 ) 30°17′12″N 91°11′52″W / 30.2867°N 91.19782°W / 30.2867 ; -91.19782 ( Lucky Plantation House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_75', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 75 ( LA 75 ) is a state highway located in southeastern Louisiana . It runs 46.86 miles ( 75.41 km ) in a general east-west direction from a dead end in Bayou Pigeon to the junction of LA 22 and LA 942 in Darrow . The route makes a semi-circle through Iberville and Ascension parishes . About halfway along the way , it passes through the city of Plaquemine and crosses the Mississippi River via ferry . LA 75 travels through a variety of surroundings , ranging from remote swampland along the Grand River on its western end to a mixture of rural farmland and petrochemical plants along the Mississippi River on its eastern end . Major junctions include LA 1 in Plaquemine , the main route connecting the communities situated along the west bank of the Mississippi River . After crossing the river , intersections with LA 74 , LA 73 , and LA 22 provide connections to the parallel Interstate 10 ( I-10 ) and U.S. Highway 61 ( US 61 ) . LA 75 was designated in the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering and initially followed a more distinct north-south route through Iberville Parish . It replaced several shorter former routes , including State Route 1003 south of Bayou Sorrel ; State Route 254 from Bayou Sorrel through Plaquemine ; and State Route 1002 from Plaquemine to Sunshine , a community now within the St. Gabriel city limits . The designation was later extended to cover the portion of LA 30 from Sunshine to Darrow given up when that highway was re-routed during the late 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'Sunshine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunshine,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Sunshine is a northern neighborhood of the city of St. Gabriel in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . Located approximately 15 miles south of Baton Rouge along the Mississippi River , the community was originally named Forlorn Hope by inhabitants but was given its current name by Oscar Richard , Sr. , who was the post master of the Forlorn Hope , La . post office . He petitioned the federal government for permission to change the name of the post office to Sunshine , La. , in order to give it a more uplifting name . As frequently happens , the villages took the name of the local post office ; hence , the name of the village and community became known as Sunshine , La . The community was annexed to St. Gabriel in 1987 . The Sunshine type of vetiver grass , whose roots have long been used in Louisiana as an insect repellent , was given that name by the USDA in 1989 for Sunshine , Louisiana , where Eugene LeBlanc Sr. grew a heritage clone given to his grandparents by Felix Perilloux , who in turn had acquired it from his wife Myrthee Froisy Perilloux in the 1860s . Vetiver was clonally introduced throughout the tropics in the 19th century , and DNA fingerprinting has shown that almost all the vetiver grown worldwide for perfumery , agriculture , and bioengineering is essentially the same nonfertile cultigen as Sunshine . This type of essential-oil vetiver is known by various names in different locations ( e.g. , 'Monto ' in Australia ) , but because Sunshine was the earliest name used in modern times , that is how it is collectively known throughout the world today ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nottoway Plantation House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nottoway_Plantation', 'summary': 'Nottoway Plantation , also known as Nottoway Plantation House is located near White Castle , Louisiana , United States . The plantation house is a Greek Revival and Italianate-styled mansion built by John Hampden Randolph in 1859 , and is the largest extant antebellum plantation house in the South with 53,000 square feet ( 4,900 m2 ) of floor space .'}]}, {'value': 'June 6 , 1980 ( # 80001733 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31025 LA 1 30°11′11″N 91°10′01″W / 30.18629°N 91.16691°W / 30.18629 ; -91.16691 ( Nottoway Plantation House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_1', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 1 ( LA 1 ) is a state highway in Louisiana . At 431.88 miles ( 695.04 km ) , it is the longest numbered highway of any class in Louisiana . It runs diagonally across the state , connecting the oil and gas fields near the island of Grand Isle with the northwest corner of the state , north of Shreveport . The part south of U.S. Highway 90 near Raceland is Corridor 44 , a National Highway System High Priority Corridor . From Alexandria to Shreveport , the LA 1 corridor was used for Interstate 49 . Between New Roads , Louisiana , and the interchange with Interstate 49 at Alexandria , Louisiana , LA 10 forms part of the Zachary Taylor Parkway .'}]}, {'value': 'White Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_Castle,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'White Castle is a town in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . As of the 2010 census , the town population was 1,883 .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine_Senior_High_School', 'summary': 'Plaquemine Senior High School is a coeducational public high school located at 59595 Belleview Drive in unincorporated Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States , south of the City of Plaquemine . It schools grades seven to twelve and is administered by the Iberville Parish School Board . As of 2015 [ update ] it is the sole remaining traditional high school in Iberville Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'February 13 , 1992 ( # 92000041 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '58060 Plaquemine Street 30°17′20″N 91°14′16″W / 30.28898°N 91.23784°W / 30.28898 ; -91.23784 ( Plaquemine High School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine_Historic_District', 'summary': 'Plaquemine Historic District is a historic district in downtown Plaquemine , Louisiana , located along Railroad Avenue , Main Street , Eden Street , Church Street , Plaquemine Street and Court Street . The 55-acre ( 22 ha ) area comprises a total of 133 buildings and structures , of which 95 are considered contributing properties , and 3 are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as individual properties . Building dates vary from c.1840 to c.1938 and are mostly historic brick commercial buildings and residences of either brick or frame construction . The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 30 , 1989 . Boundaries were increased on June 3 2005 , with the addition of the house at 57725 Court Street , the nearby Carriage House/Stable and Blacksmith Shop .'}]}, {'value': 'October 30 , 1989 ( # 89001791 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Railroad Avenue , Main Street , Eden Street , Church Street , Plaquemine Street and Court Street 30°17′24″N 91°14′11″W / 30.28993°N 91.23639°W / 30.28993 ; -91.23639 ( Plaquemine Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Ernest Rivet House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 17 , 2001 ( # 01001235 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '58159 Plaquemine Street 30°17′16″N 91°14′20″W / 30.28778°N 91.2389°W / 30.28778 ; -91.2389 ( Pierre Ernest Rivet House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St . Basil 's Academy", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 5 , 1982 ( # 82000439 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "23515 Church Street 30°17′25″N 91°14′00″W / 30.29026°N 91.23323°W / 30.29026 ; -91.23323 ( St . Basil 's Academy )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Gabriel Roman Catholic Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Gabriel_Roman_Catholic_Church', 'summary': 'St. Gabriel Catholic Church is a historic church located along LA 75 , near St. Gabriel , Louisiana . Completed in 1776 , this church is thought to be the oldest existing church building in the whole Louisiana Purchase Territory . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 27 , 1972 .'}]}, {'value': 'November 27 , 1972 ( # 72000555 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3625 LA 75 30°15′16″N 91°06′07″W / 30.25458°N 91.10204°W / 30.25458 ; -91.10204 ( St. Gabriel Roman Catholic Church )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_75', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 75 ( LA 75 ) is a state highway located in southeastern Louisiana . It runs 46.86 miles ( 75.41 km ) in a general east-west direction from a dead end in Bayou Pigeon to the junction of LA 22 and LA 942 in Darrow . The route makes a semi-circle through Iberville and Ascension parishes . About halfway along the way , it passes through the city of Plaquemine and crosses the Mississippi River via ferry . LA 75 travels through a variety of surroundings , ranging from remote swampland along the Grand River on its western end to a mixture of rural farmland and petrochemical plants along the Mississippi River on its eastern end . Major junctions include LA 1 in Plaquemine , the main route connecting the communities situated along the west bank of the Mississippi River . After crossing the river , intersections with LA 74 , LA 73 , and LA 22 provide connections to the parallel Interstate 10 ( I-10 ) and U.S. Highway 61 ( US 61 ) . LA 75 was designated in the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering and initially followed a more distinct north-south route through Iberville Parish . It replaced several shorter former routes , including State Route 1003 south of Bayou Sorrel ; State Route 254 from Bayou Sorrel through Plaquemine ; and State Route 1002 from Plaquemine to Sunshine , a community now within the St. Gabriel city limits . The designation was later extended to cover the portion of LA 30 from Sunshine to Darrow given up when that highway was re-routed during the late 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Gabriel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Gabriel,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'St. Gabriel is a city in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 6,677 at the 2010 census . The city of St. Gabriel includes the areas of Sunshine and Carville . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area . St. Gabriel was incorporated as a town in 1994 and received city designation in 2001 . It is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River , approximately 12 miles south of Baton Rouge . Bayou Manchac serves as the official boundary between St. Gabriel , Ascension Parish , and East Baton Rouge Parish . Over the years , the area has been transformed from a primarily agricultural economy to one that is now dominated by the petrochemical industry . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. John Baptist Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 21 , 1994 ( # 93001549 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31925 Lacroix Road 30°10′38″N 91°09′38″W / 30.17712°N 91.16065°W / 30.17712 ; -91.16065 ( St. John Baptist Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'White Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_Castle,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'White Castle is a town in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . As of the 2010 census , the town population was 1,883 .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Louis Plantation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Plantation', 'summary': "The St. Louis Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic mansion located in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . Built in 1858 , the mansion was a replacement for a previous house named Erwin 's Castle which was built in 1808 at the same location and was destroyed by a flood in the early 1850s . The two story frame cottage , covered with clapboards , is sitting on a brick basement . It shows elements of Greek Revival and Italianate architecture . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 3 , 1975 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 3 , 1975 ( # 75000849 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Along St. Louis Road , about 325 yards ( 297 m ) southwest of River Road ( LA 405 ) 30°16′25″N 91°12′44″W / 30.27371°N 91.21218°W / 30.27371 ; -91.21218 ( St. Louis Plantation )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_405', 'summary': 'The following is a list of state highways in the U.S. state of Louisiana designated in the 400-449 range .'}]}, {'value': 'Plaquemine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Plaquemine is a city in and the parish seat of Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 7,119 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Schexnayder House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 19 , 1989 ( # 88003224 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '610 Pecan Drive 30°18′43″N 91°05′56″W / 30.31208°N 91.09879°W / 30.31208 ; -91.09879 ( Schexnayder House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Gabriel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Gabriel,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'St. Gabriel is a city in Iberville Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 6,677 at the 2010 census . The city of St. Gabriel includes the areas of Sunshine and Carville . It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area . St. Gabriel was incorporated as a town in 1994 and received city designation in 2001 . It is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River , approximately 12 miles south of Baton Rouge . Bayou Manchac serves as the official boundary between St. Gabriel , Ascension Parish , and East Baton Rouge Parish . Over the years , the area has been transformed from a primarily agricultural economy to one that is now dominated by the petrochemical industry . [ citation needed ]'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iberville_Parish,_Louisiana_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Iberville Parish, Louisiana. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 23 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the parish.'}
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What is the date listed for the historic place in the town with a population of 1,883 in the 2010 census ?
# 80001733
fec9f5cb50a122b1
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must_Love_Kids', 'title': 'Must Love Kids', 'header': ['Country', 'Title', 'Network', 'First Aired'], 'data': [{'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Ensam mamma söker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV3_(Sweden)', 'summary': "TV3 is a Swedish pay television channel owned by Viasat . It was launched on 31 December 1987 by businessman Jan Stenbeck . The channel was initially broadcast across all of Scandinavia . In 1990 , separate Danish and Norwegian feeds were launched . The channel 's name refers to its launch at a time when television in Sweden was dominated by the two channels of SVT ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Sinkkuäidille sulhanen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nelonen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelonen', 'summary': "Nelonen ( Finnish for Four ) is a Finnish commercial TV channel . It started out as Helsinki 's local television channel PTV in 1990 on the HTV cable network , and changed its name first to PTV4 . On June 1 , 1997 the channel expanded to become national and changed its name to Nelonen . Nelonen , in Finnish , means the glyph of the number four . The channel is mostly owned by Sanoma Corporation , which owns the Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat newspapers . Its largest owner was Aatos Erkko . Much of its programming is Australian , American , British , and European shows , with Finnish captions . Its main market is the 25-44 demographic ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Alleen nog een man', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Net 5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Net_5', 'summary': 'Net5 is a Dutch commercial TV channel and is part of Talpa TV , formerly a part of SBS Broadcasting B.V. and now owned by Talpa Network . Other channels of the group in the Netherlands are SBS6 , Veronica and SBS9 . It is aimed at high-educated female viewers . The station broadcasts various series , reality shows and films .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'En mand til mor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_3_(Denmark)', 'summary': 'TV3 is a Danish pay television channel owned by Viasat , which is a part of the Swedish media group Modern Times Group . It was separated from the earlier Pan-Scandinavian version in 1990 . Unlike its main rivals , DR and TV 2 , the channel does not broadcast from Denmark but from the United Kingdom . This excludes the channel from the rules in Denmark that apply to advertising , meaning TV3 interrupts programming with commercial breaks . The channels has aired many American and British series .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'Mamma søker kjæreste', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV3_(Norway)', 'summary': "TV3 Norway is a commercial television channel targeting Norway owned by Viasat , which is a part of the Swedish media group Modern Times Group . It was separated from the earlier Pan-Scandinavian version in 1990 . Unlike its main rivals , NRK , TV 2 and TVNorge , the channel does not broadcast from Norway but from West Drayton , Middlesex in the United Kingdom , even if the channel is almost solely aimed at Norwegian viewers . This excludes the channel from the strict rules in Norway that apply to advertising ( ban on advertisements aimed at children or interrupting programs ) . Also unlike the other main channels , it was n't available on analogue terrestrial , having to rely on satellite and cable television for its distribution . With the launch of digital terrestrial television in October 2007 , the channel became available terrestrially . On 3 August 2009 TV3 launched a new visual identity and a new logo . The new visual identity mostly uses purple colour . The identity had rolled out to Denmark and Hungary , as TV3 Norway was the first to use it . On 1 August 2011 TV3 launched a new visual identity and a new logo , which used mostly yellow colour ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mamy Mamy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TVP1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TVP1', 'summary': "TVP1 ( TVP Jeden , Program I Telewizji Polskiej , Jedynka ) is the main public television channel of TVP ( Telewizja Polska S.A. ) , Poland 's national broadcaster . It was the first Polish channel to be broadcast and remains one of the most popular today . TVP1 was launched 5 October 1938 ( tests ) and 23 January 1953 ( regular programming ) ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Maman cherche lamour', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M6', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/M6_(TV_channel)', 'summary': 'M6 ( pronounced [ ɛm sis ] ) , also known as Métropole Television , is the most profitable private national French television channel and the third most watched television network in the French-speaking world . M6 is the head channel of the M6 Group media empire that owns several TV channels , magazines , publications , movie production and media-related firms etc . It is owned by RTL Group . Other TV channels in the M6 portfolio include digital terrestrial channels W9 and 6ter , as well as digital cable channels Téva , Paris Première , Série Club , M6 Music and M6 Boutique & Co .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Papa gesucht', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RTL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RTL_Television', 'summary': 'RTL ( called RTL plus from 1984-1992 and RTL Television from 1992-2004 ) is a German free-to-air television channel owned by the RTL Group and is the largest private network in Germany .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Mame Singure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanal D', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanal_D_Romania', 'summary': "Kanal D Romania ( short form of Kanal Doğan ) is a nationwide television channel in Romania and part of Doğan Holding which is owned by the Turkish media tycoon Aydın Doğan . The channel was launched on 18 February 2007 , after having replaced Tele7ABC 's now-defunct frequencies . In 2012 , Kanal D Romania was ranked in the top three channels in Romania , also being 1st with many of its programs in prime-time ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'International versions', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Must_Love_Kids_0', 'intro': 'Must Love Kids is a reality dating show that debuted on TLC in the United States on July 15, 2008. The series followed three single moms as they entered the world of dating. The moms had to balance their careers and raise their children while trying to find a lifelong partner. Must Love Kids was based on the Swedish format Single Moms first aired on TV3 in Sweden in 2007. The format was developed by Friday TV.'}
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In what city is the most active airport of the country that first aired Must Love Kids a year after the country who aired it on a network that owned by Doğan Holding ?
Frankfurt
feca3dfa709023f8
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of tallest buildings in the United States', 'header': ['Name', 'City', 'Height ft ( m )', 'Floors', 'Year ( est . )', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Tower Fifth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tower_Fifth', 'summary': 'Tower Fifth is a skyscraper proposed for Midtown Manhattan in Manhattan , New York City . The developer , Macklowe Properties , has completed other projects including the redevelopment of the General Motors Building and construction of 432 Park Avenue . Plans for the structure were first revealed in January 2019 , and the developer continued purchasing buildings to create an assemblage in 2019 , closing on a building in March , and continuing to eye buildings in June . Demolition permits were first filed in April . If completed as planned , it would become the second tallest building in New York City .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,556 ft ( 474 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '96', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2022', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tower Fifth is a slender office tower proposed by 432 Park Avenue developer Harry B. Macklowe of Macklowe Properties , would become the second tallest tower in the Western Hemisphere after One World Trade Center if completed as planned', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_B._Macklowe', 'summary': 'Harry B. Macklowe ( born 1937 ) is an American New York City real estate developer and investor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Macklowe_Properties', 'summary': 'Harry B. Macklowe ( born 1937 ) is an American New York City real estate developer and investor .'}]}, {'value': '350 Park Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': 'Approximately 1,450 ft ( 442 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '72', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2024+', 'urls': []}, {'value': "350 Park Avenue has been quietly proposed by Vornado Realty Trust after a marketing brochure leaked renderings ; the Foster and Partners -designed building would replace BlackRock 's current headquarters after the company moves to 50 Hudson Yards in 2022", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vornado_Realty_Trust', 'summary': 'Vornado Realty Trust is a real estate investment trust formed in Maryland , with its primary office in New York City . The company invests in office buildings and street retail in Manhattan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Foster_and_Partners', 'summary': 'Foster + Partners is a British international studio for architecture and integrated design , with headquarters in London . The practice is led by its founder and chairman , Norman Foster , and has constructed many high-profile glass-and-steel buildings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/BlackRock', 'summary': "BlackRock , Inc. is an American global investment management corporation based in New York City . Founded in 1988 , initially as a risk management and fixed income institutional asset manager , BlackRock is the world 's largest asset manager , with $ 7.4 trillion in assets under management as of end-Q4 2019 . BlackRock operates globally with 70 offices in 30 countries and clients in 100 countries . Due to its power and the sheer size and scope of its financial assets and activities , BlackRock has been called the world 's largest shadow bank ."}]}, {'value': '80 South Street', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/80_South_Street', 'summary': '80 South Street is a residential skyscraper proposed for construction in New York City . The building was planned for construction in Lower Manhattan , and designed by renowned Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava . However , the project was cancelled on April 16 , 2008 in the wake of a declining real estate market . A new design of the building is without the spire , decreasing the tower to 826 feet , was planned to finish in 2016 . China Oceanwide Holdings Limited acquired 80 South Street in March 2016 , with plans to create a 113-story tower . As of June 2019 , the site is for sale after Oceanwide Holdings ran into financial difficulties .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,438 ft ( 438 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '113', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'As of June 2019 , the site is for sale after Chinese developer Oceanwide Holdings ran into financial difficulties', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oceanwide_Holdings', 'summary': 'Oceanwide Holdings Co. , Ltd. is a Chinese publicly traded conglomerate . It was a subsidiary of Tohigh Holding , via intermediate holding companies Oceanwide Group and China Oceanwide Holdings Group . Oceanwide Holdings is a constituent of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange blue-chip index : SZSE 100 Index . The company was also included in CSI 300 Index from June 2015 to November 2016 . However , the company was often removed and re-entered the index due to low trading volume . The company was also in the reserve list , a list of candidates for the CSI 100 Index in 2008 . The company was included in the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect . Its Hong Kong based subsidiary China Oceanwide Holdings was also on the list until March 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '270 Park Avenue ( reconstruction )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/270_Park_Avenue', 'summary': '270 Park Avenue ( also known as the JPMorgan Chase Tower and formerly the Union Carbide Building ) was a high-rise office building located in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . It was designed by Gordon Bunshaft and Natalie de Blois for Skidmore , Owings & Merrill . 270 Park Avenue was built between 1957 and 1960 , and is 708 ft ( 216 m ) tall . The building is currently being demolished to make room for a taller building on the same site , making it the tallest voluntarily demolished building in the world , overtaking the current record holder Singer Building that was demolished in 1968 .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,425 ft ( 434 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JPMorgan Chase plans to demolish & replace its headquarters ; the new tower was approved by the New York City Council in May 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase', 'summary': "JPMorgan Chase & Co. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City . JPMorgan Chase is ranked by S & P Global as the largest bank in the United States and the sixth largest bank in the world by total assets , with total assets of US $ 2.687 trillion . It is also the world 's most valuable bank by market capitalization . JPMorgan Chase is incorporated in Delaware . As a Bulge Bracket bank , it is a major provider of various investment banking and financial services . It is one of America 's Big Four banks , along with Bank of America , Citigroup , and Wells Fargo . JPMorgan Chase is considered to be a universal bank and a custodian bank . The J.P. Morgan brand , is used by the investment banking , asset management , private banking , private wealth management , and treasury services divisions . Fiduciary activity within private banking and private wealth management is done under the aegis of JPMorgan Chase Bank , N.A . - the actual trustee . The Chase brand is used for credit card services in the United States and Canada , the bank 's retail banking activities in the United States , and commercial banking . Both the retail and commercial bank and the bank 's corporate headquarters are currently located at 383 Madison Avenue in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , while the prior headquarters building directly across the street , 270 Park Avenue , is demolished and replaced with a new building ."}, {'url': '/wiki/New_York_City_Council', 'summary': "The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of the City of New York . It has 51 members from 51 council districts throughout the five boroughs . The Council serves as a check against the mayor in a mayor-council government model . The Council monitors the performance of city agencies and makes land use decisions as well as legislating on a variety of other issues . The City Council also has sole responsibility for approving the city budget . Members elected in or after the year 2010 are limited to two consecutive terms in office , but may run again after a four-year respite ; however , Members elected prior to 2010 may seek third consecutive terms . The head of the City Council is called the Speaker . The current Speaker is Corey Johnson , a Democrat . The Speaker sets the agenda and presides at meetings of the City Council . Proposed legislation is submitted through the Speaker 's Office . There are 48 Democratic council members led by Majority Leader Laurie Cumbo . The three Republican council members are led by Minority Leader Steven Matteo ."}]}, {'value': 'Tribune East Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tribune_East_Tower', 'summary': 'Tribune East Tower is a proposed 1,422-foot ( 433.4 m ) mixed use tower on the eastern edge of the Tribune Tower property in the Streeterville area of the Near North Side community areas of Chicago that is currently unnamed . If completed , the skyscraper would become the second-tallest in Chicago .'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago', 'summary': "Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International ."}]}, {'value': '1,422 ft ( 433 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '116', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Would become the second-tallest building in Chicago upon completion', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 Penn Plaza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/15_Penn_Plaza', 'summary': '15 Penn Plaza , also known as the Vornado Tower , is a 68-story tower proposed by Vornado Realty Trust to be located in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . It would be located on Seventh Avenue between 32nd and 33rd Streets , on the site of present-day Hotel Pennsylvania . The Hiller Group is the designer . Despite only having 68 floors , it would be just 33 feet ( 10 m ) shorter than the Empire State Building , which has 102 floors .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,216 ft ( 371 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed by Vornado prior to the financial crisis of 2007-2008 ; as of 2019 the developer is still seeking an anchor tenant to justify construction . New renderings leaked from a marketing brochure in June 2019 depict a tower around 1,400 feet ( 430 m ) with a new design', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007–2008', 'summary': 'The financial crisis of 2007-08 , also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis , was a severe worldwide economic crisis considered by many economists to have been the most serious financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s , to which it is often compared . The crisis began in 2007 with a depreciation in the subprime mortgage market in the United States , and developed into a full-blown international banking crisis with the collapse of the investment bank Lehman Brothers on September 15 , 2008 . Excessive risk-taking by banks such as Lehman Brothers helped to magnify the financial impact globally . Massive bail-outs of financial institutions and other palliative monetary and fiscal policies were employed to prevent a possible collapse of the world financial system . The crisis was nonetheless followed by a global economic downturn , the Great Recession . The Asian markets ( China , Hong Kong , Japan , India , etc . ) were immediately impacted and volatilized after the U.S. sub-prime crisis . The European debt crisis , a crisis in the banking system of the European countries using the euro , followed later . In 2010 , the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was enacted in the US following the crisis to promote the financial stability of the United States . The Basel III capital and liquidity standards were adopted by countries around the world .'}]}, {'value': '2901 Arch Street - Transit Terminal Tower', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': '1,200 ft ( 366 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2025-28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed office and retail', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas Smart District Tower', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas', 'summary': "Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and seat of Dallas County , with portions extending into Collin , Denton , Kaufman and Rockwall counties . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,345,076 , it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio . Located in North Texas , the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea . [ a ] It is the most populous city in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.5 million people . Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton , cattle and later oil in North and East Texas . The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas 's prominence as a transportation hub , with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it . Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port , due to the convergence of major railroad lines , interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , one of the largest and busiest airports in the world . In addition , Dallas has DART ( Dallas Area Rapid Transit ) with different colored train lines that transport throughout the metroplex . Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense , financial services , information technology , telecommunications , and transportation . Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits . The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies , including American Airlines ( Fort Worth ) and ExxonMobil ( Irving ) . Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area , which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas ."}]}, {'value': '1,121 ft ( 342 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed office tower would be the tallest in Texas and tallest west of the Mississippi River', 'urls': []}, {'value': '333 South Figueroa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LA_Grand_Hotel', 'summary': "LA GRAND Hotel , is a proposed super tall tower by Shenzhen World Group in Los Angeles , CA . The new tower will rise in Downtown Los Angeles ' , Bunker Hill area one block west of the under construction Grand Av Arts/Bunker Hill station . It is proposed as a 242 condominiums and 559 hotel room tower with 28,700 square feet of retail along Figueroa St . The proposed complex is currently in the design/funding process . No timeline has been announced ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': '1,108 ft ( 338 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '77', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed hotel by Shenzhen New World Group , tallest proposed tower West of Mississippi River', 'urls': []}, {'value': '400 Lake Shore Drive South Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/400_Lake_Shore_Drive', 'summary': '400 Lake Shore Drive is a proposed set of connected towers to be built in Chicago , Illinois . Related Midwest is developing the project , and the firm Skidmore , Owings , and Merrill designed the buildings . It is scheduled to be completed by 2023 .'}]}, {'value': 'Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago', 'summary': "Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International ."}]}, {'value': '1,100 ft ( 335 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '76', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Currently stalled due to objections from Alderman Brendan Reilly', 'urls': []}, {'value': '520 West 41st Street', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/520_West_41st_Street', 'summary': '520 West 41st Street was a proposed 106-story supertall skyscraper in Hudson Yards , Manhattan , New York City , near Midtown Manhattan . The building would have surpassed all other skyscrapers on the island by floor-count . Upon completion , it would either have been the fifth or sixth tallest building in New York City .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,100 ft ( 335 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '106', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed in 2014 by World Trade Center developers Silverstein Properties but put on hold ; new plans as of June 2019 depict a shorter two-towered development', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silverstein_Properties', 'summary': "Silverstein Properties , Inc. ( SPI ) is a family held , full-service real estate development , investment and management firm based in New York City . Founded in 1957 by Chairman Larry Silverstein , the company specializes in developing , acquiring , and managing office , residential , hotel , retail , and mixed-use properties . The firm is New York City 's fifth-largest commercial landlord . SPI 's real estate business has been one of the largest investors in New York City real estate over the past fifty years , having developed , owned and managed more than 40 million square feet of office , residential , hotel and retail properties including the new World Trade Center , 30 Park Place ( Four Seasons Private Residences New York Downtown ) , 120 Wall Street , Equitable Building , and Americas Tower . Silverstein Properties is headquartered at 7 World Trade Center in Manhattan , New York City ."}]}, {'value': '3101 Market Street ( Part of Schuylkill Yards )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Schuylkill_Yards', 'summary': 'Schuylkill Yards is a proposed development project for West Philadelphia . The project was announced in a press conference in March 2016 . The project is being designed by SHoP Architects and West 8 . The development will include six buildings , with groundbreaking to occur in 2016 . Schuylkill Yards is the first step in a broader plan for the area around the Drexel University campus and 30th Street Station , which is being planned with Skidmore , Owings & Merrill .'}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': '1,095 ft ( 334 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2021-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed residential , office , education , and retail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '300 Biscayne', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': '1,049 ft ( 320 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '94', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Announced in 2015 . It will be one of the tallest buildings in Miami and the state of Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One Bayfront Plaza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/One_Bayfront_Plaza', 'summary': "One Bayfront Plaza ( New ) is a proposed supertall skyscraper approved for construction in the U.S. city of Miami , Florida . If completed , the building would stand at 1,049 feet ( 320 m ) , with 93 floors , [ A ] becoming the tallest building in Miami and Florida . One Bayfront Plaza would primarily consist of offices and hotel space , but also would include a retail mall , condominiums , and parking garage on the lower levels , as well as possibly an observation deck at the top . The entire project consists of over 1,400,000 square feet ( 100,000 m2 ) of Class A office and hotel space , as well as a total building area of over 4,000,000 square feet ( 371,612 m2 ) including the large podium . One Bayfront Plaza is the first skyscraper over 1,000 feet ( 305 m ) to be approved for construction in Miami . The building 's primary advocate is real estate developer Tibor Hollo , who has won several awards for his 55 years as a developer in Miami , and is currently the president of Florida East Coast Realty . One Bayfront Plaza has gone through several design revisions since its original proposal as a single , 80 floor , 1,180 feet ( 360 m ) tower , which exceeded height restrictions . It was first approved as a complex of two connected towers as shown in the rendering below and was to be known as the 100 South Biscayne complex with the taller tower being 1,049 feet ( 320 m ) high . The development was planned to include an adjacent , connected 850-room hotel tower referred to as 100 South Biscayne II . Both buildings in the complex had a scheduled groundbreaking in 2011 , and were estimated to be completed by 2015 . Most recent news suggests the development is back to a single 1,010-foot tower design with a large podium , which was given a possible 2014 groundbreaking ; however , by 2014 it was stated that the project was being put off at least until the completion of FECR 's under construction Panorama Tower in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': '1,049 ft ( 320 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Announced in 2010 . One Bayfront Plaza would be the tallest office tower in Miami and Florida', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SkyRise Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SkyRise_Miami', 'summary': 'SkyRise Miami is a super tall entertainment and observation tower under construction on the shore of Biscayne Bay in Miami , Florida . It was proposed and developed by real estate developer Jeff Berkowitz . It will be 301.8 meters ( 990 ft ) tall to its roof , located on public waterfront land adjacent to Bayside Marketplace , from which it will sublet land . The main developer of the project is the American company Berkowitz Development Group , a Florida-based corporation headquartered in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami . The project was approved by the city commission and Miami voters in 2014 . A significant portion of the several hundred million dollar project may be funded by foreign investors seeking American citizenship through EB-5 visas .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': '1,045 ft ( 319 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A vertical entertainment center in Miami . Site work has begun as of October 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One Brickell City Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/One_Brickell_City_Centre', 'summary': 'One Brickell City Centre is a proposed 80 story , 1,049 ft ( 320 m ) mixed-use skyscraper in the city of Miami , Florida . If built it would be the tallest building in the Southeastern United States , surpassing the Bank of America Plaza in Atlanta . It would also surpass the height of the not yet constructed One Bayfront Plaza , which is approved at 1,010 ft ( 308 m ) tall . The plans currently include 67,000 square feet ( 6,225 m2 ) of retail , 677,000 square feet ( 62,895 m2 ) of Class A office space , 256 condominiums , and 120 hotel rooms . It is part of the mixed-use nine-acre Brickell City Centre development . The tower would also include a lounge on the 80th floor and a restaurant on the 79th floor . It would be on Brickell Avenue adjacent to SW Eighth Street , and connected to the modified Eighth Street Metromover station .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': '1,040 ft ( 317 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '80', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed in November 2013 and approved in 2014 with estimated completion in 2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4/C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/4/C', 'summary': "4/C , also known as 701 Fourth Avenue and 4th & Columbia , is a proposed supertall skyscraper in Seattle , Washington . If built , the 1,029-foot-tall ( 314 m ) , 93-story mixed-use tower will be the tallest in Seattle , surpassing the neighboring Columbia Center . It would also be the Pacific Northwest 's first supertall building , with a height of over 1,000 feet . It is being developed by Miami-based Crescent Heights and designed by LMN Architects , with a total of 1.2 million square feet ( 110,000 m2 ) in gross leasable area split between 1,200 apartments , 150 hotel rooms , office space and retail ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': '1,029 ft ( 314 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '99', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed in September 2015 by Crescent Heights , designed by LMN Architects', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LMN_Architects', 'summary': 'LMN is an American architecture firm based in Seattle , Washington . The company was founded in 1979 , and provides planning and design services to create convention centers , cultural arts venues , higher education facilities , commercial and mixed-use developments .'}]}, {'value': '247 Cherry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/247_Cherry', 'summary': "247 Cherry is a 79-story residential building under development in the Lower East Side of Manhattan , New York City . The building was designed by SHoP Architects , and is being developed by JDS Development Group . Renderings for the building were first released in April 2016 . The building will be adjacent to One Manhattan Square . 247 Cherry will be developed in conjunction with two other nearby skyscrapers : 269 South Street and 259 Clinton Street . Development of the building was halted in July 2016 due to a lawsuit pertaining to a site adjacent the structure . In July 2018 , the developers released a new plan that would also contain several improvements to the surrounding area , including a new entrance to the New York City Subway 's East Broadway station , connections between Clinton Street and the East River , renovations of nearby playgrounds , and flood-resistance upgrades . The city 's Planning Commission also scheduled a vote on the project . Although politicians and grassroots organizations opposed the project , the City Planning Commission approved it in December 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,013 ft ( 309 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2021', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SHoP Architects building being developed by JDS Development Group . Initial plans revealed in April 2016 and approved by the City Planning Commission in December 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SHoP_Architects', 'summary': 'SHoP Architects is an architecture firm in Lower Manhattan , New York City , with projects located on five continents . Led by four principals , the firm provides services to residences , commercial buildings , schools and cultural institutions , as well as large-scale master plans . SHoP stands for Sharples Holden and Pasquarelli . Founded in 1996 by Gregg Pasquarelli , Christopher Sharples , Coren Sharples , Kimberly Holden , and William Sharples , the firm has approximately 180 employees . Its work has been exhibited internationally and included in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art . Its first monograph , Out of Practice , was published in 2012 by the Monacelli Press .'}, {'url': '/wiki/JDS_Development_Group', 'summary': 'JDS Development is an American real-estate development group headquartered in Manhattan , with an additional presence in Miami and Southern Florida . The firm was founded by Michael Stern , a native of Long Island .'}]}, {'value': '262 Fifth Avenue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': '1,001 ft ( 305 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First proposed in June 2016 ; as of June 2019 no site work has been completed and the developer has not released any updates', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Figueroa Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figueroa_Centre', 'summary': "Figueroa Centre is a 66-story , 975 ft ( 297 m ) Modernist hotel/residential skyscraper proposed for 925 S. Figueroa Street in downtown Los Angeles , California . Designed by CallisonRTKL . The rectangular steel-clad building design is similar to LA 's Aon Center tower . If completed , it will be the fifth tallest building in Los Angeles , and the 4th tallest in California . ? ? ? ? ? The building will be designed for hotel use , 200 condominiums and 94,000 sq of commercial space facing Figueroa Street . Figueroa Centre will be a 1/4 mile from Staples Center and L.A. Live ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': '975 ft ( 297 m )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '66', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proposed residential , hotel , and retail - would become the third tallest building in Los Angeles', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Tallest under construction , approved and proposed -- Approved and proposed', 'section_text': 'This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in the United States and are planned to rise at least 700 feet ( 213 m ) . A floor count of 50 stories is used as the cutoff for buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers .', 'uid': 'List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States_4', 'intro': "The world's first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1885. Since then, the United States has been home to some of the world's tallest skyscrapers. Eleven American buildings have held the title of tallest building in the world (9 in New York City). New York City and Chicago have always been the centers of American skyscraper building. The 10-story Home Insurance Building, built in Chicago in 1885, is regarded as the world's first skyscraper; the building was constructed using a novel steel-loadbearing frame which became a standard of the industry worldwide. Since its topping out in 2013, One World Trade Center in New York City has been the tallest skyscraper in the United States. Its spire brings the structure to a symbolic architectural height of 1,776 feet (541 m), connoting the year the U.S. Declaration of Independence was signed, though the absolute tip (or pinnacle) of the structure is measured at 1,792 ft (546 m). However, the observation deck elevation and highest occupied floor of One World Trade Center are surpassed by 432 Park Avenue and Chicago's Willis Tower (formerly and still commonly known as the Sears Tower). Steinway Tower, and Central Park Tower will also have higher occupied floors and roofs upon their completion. Prior to the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City, the twin towers of the World Trade Center occupied the second and third positions on the list below, behind Willis Tower. The North Tower stood at 1,368 feet (417 m), while the South Tower was 1,362 feet (415 m) tall."}
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What is 371 m tall tower also known as ?
Vornado Tower
feca950bbc4d923f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Real_World:_Brooklyn', 'title': 'The Real World: Brooklyn', 'header': ['Cast Member', 'Age', 'Hometown', 'Biography'], 'data': [{'value': 'Baya Voce', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salt Lake City , Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah', 'summary': "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah , as well as the seat of Salt Lake County , the most populous county in Utah . With an estimated population of 200,591 in 2018 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,222,540 ( 2018 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area , a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,606,548 ( as of 2018 estimates ) . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin . The world headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is located in Salt Lake City . The city was founded in 1847 by followers of the church , led by Brigham Young , who were seeking to escape persecution that they had experienced while living farther east . The Mormon pioneers , as they would come to be known , entered an arid valley and immediately began building , planning , and extending an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth . Salt Lake City 's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan , with the Salt Lake Temple at the origin . Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake , the city was named Great Salt Lake City . In 1868 , the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature dropped the word Great from the city 's name . Immigration of international members of the church , mining booms , and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad initially brought economic growth , and the city was nicknamed the Crossroads of the West . It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway , the first transcontinental highway , in 1913 ."}]}, {'value': 'Baya , like Chet , is from Salt Lake City , but is not a Mormon , which has caused her to feel isolated in her hometown . Raised by hippie parents , she is a dedicated hip-hop DJ who aspires to be a dancer , and has been described as the token cute white female and laid back , though she suffers from panic attacks . She is active in social and environmental causes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hippie', 'summary': "A hippie ( sometimes spelled hippy ) is a member of the counterculture of the 1960s , originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world . The word hippie came from hipster and was used to describe beatniks who moved into New York City 's Greenwich Village and San Francisco 's Haight-Ashbury district . The term hippie first found popularity in San Francisco with Herb Caen , who was a journalist for the San Francisco Chronicle . The origins of the terms hip and hep are uncertain . By the 1940s , both had become part of African American jive slang and meant sophisticated ; currently fashionable ; fully up-to-date . The Beats adopted the term hip , and early hippies inherited the language and countercultural values of the Beat Generation . Hippies created their own communities , listened to psychedelic music , embraced the sexual revolution , and many used drugs such as marijuana and LSD to explore altered states of consciousness ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hip-hop', 'summary': 'Hip hop or hip-hop , is a culture and art movement that was created by African Americans , Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans in the Bronx , New York City . The origin of the name is often disputed . It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx . While the term hip hop is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music ( including rap ) , hip hop is characterized by nine elements , of which only four are considered essential to understanding hip hop musically . Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined these main pillars of hip hop culture , coining the terms : rapping ( also called MCing or emceeing ) , a rhythmic vocal rhyming style ( orality ) ; DJing ( and turntablism ) , which is making music with record players and DJ mixers ( aural/sound and music creation ) ; b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing ( movement/dance ) ; and graffiti . Other elements of hip hop subculture and arts movements beyond the main four are : hip hop culture and historical knowledge of the movement ( intellectual/philosophical ) ; beatboxing , a percussive vocal style ; street entrepreneurship ; hip hop language ; and hip hop fashion and style , among others . The fifth element , although debated , is commonly considered either street knowledge , hip hop fashion , or beatboxing . The Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the mid-1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by the Black Spades , an African-American group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group . Brother-sister duo Clive Campbell , a.k.a . DJ Kool Herc , and Cindy Campbell additionally hosted DJ parties in the Bronx and are credited for the rise in the genre . Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world . These elements were adapted and developed considerably , particularly as the art forms spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s and subsequent decades .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Panic_attacks', 'summary': 'Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations , sweating , shaking , shortness of breath , numbness , or a feeling that something bad is going to happen . The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes . Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours . There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain . Panic attacks themselves are not typically dangerous physically . Panic attacks can occur due to a number of disorders including panic disorder , social anxiety disorder , post traumatic stress disorder , drug use disorder , depression , and medical problems . They can either be triggered or occur unexpectedly . Smoking , caffeine , and psychological stress increase the risk of having a panic attack . Before diagnosis , conditions that produce similar symptoms should be ruled out , such as hyperthyroidism , hyperparathyroidism , heart disease , lung disease , and drug use . Treatment of panic attacks should be directed at the underlying cause . In those with frequent attacks , counselling or medications may be used . Breathing training and muscle relaxation techniques may also help .'}]}, {'value': 'Chet Cannon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salt Lake City , Utah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chet has been described as a punk rock Mormon , a hipster and straight as an arrow , who eschews alcohol and premarital sex . He is a conservative Republican , ( one of two among the housemates , along with Scott ) , a University of Utah fraternity member with nine siblings , and an occasional prankster . He is an aspiring TV host , and his stated goal on the series is to show people that Mormons are fun . Chet becomes best friends with Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punk_rock', 'summary': 'Punk rock ( or simply punk ) is a music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s . Rooted in 1960s garage rock , punk bands rejected the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock . They typically produced short , fast-paced songs with hard-edged melodies and singing styles , stripped-down instrumentation , and often political , anti-establishment lyrics . Punk embraces a DIY ethic ; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels . The term punk rock was first used by American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and certain subsequent acts they perceived as stylistic inheritors . When the movement now bearing the name developed from 1974 to 1976 , acts such as Television , Patti Smith , and the Ramones in New York City ; the Sex Pistols , the Clash , and the Damned in London ; and the Saints in Brisbane formed its vanguard . As 1977 approached , punk became a major cultural phenomenon in the UK . It spawned a punk subculture expressing youthful rebellion through distinctive styles of clothing and adornment ( such as deliberately offensive T-shirts , leather jackets , studded or spiked bands and jewelry , safety pins , and bondage and S & M clothes ) and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies . In 1977 , the influence of the music and subculture became more pervasive , spreading worldwide , especially in England . It took root in a wide range of local scenes that often rejected affiliation with the mainstream . In the late 1970s , punk experienced a second wave as new acts that were not active during its formative years adopted the style . By the early 1980s , faster and more aggressive subgenres such as hardcore punk ( e.g .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mormon', 'summary': "Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism , the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity , initiated by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s . After Smith 's death in 1844 , the Mormons followed Brigham Young to what would become the Utah Territory . Today , most Mormons are understood to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Other Mormons may be independently religious , secular and non-practicing , or belong to another denomination . The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah , and North America has more Mormons than any other continent , though the majority of Mormons live outside the United States . Mormons have developed a strong sense of commonality that stems from their doctrine and history . During the 19th century , Mormon converts tended to gather to a central geographic location , and between 1852 and 1890 a minority of Mormons openly practiced plural marriage , a form of religious polygamy . Mormons dedicate large amounts of time and resources to serving in their church , and many young Mormons choose to serve a full-time proselytizing mission . Mormons have a health code which eschews alcoholic beverages , tobacco , hot drinks ( tea and coffee ) , and addictive substances . They tend to be very family-oriented and have strong connections across generations and with extended family , reflective of their belief that families can be sealed together beyond death . Mormons also have a strict law of chastity , requiring abstention from sexual relations outside heterosexual marriage and fidelity within marriage . Mormons self-identify as Christian , although some non-Mormons consider Mormons non-Christian and some of their beliefs differ from those of mainstream Christianity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)', 'summary': 'The 21st century hipster is a subculture that emphasizes style , authenticity and uniqueness . Members of the subculture typically do not self-identify as hipsters , and the word hipster is often used as a pejorative for someone who is pretentious or overly trendy . Stereotypical elements include vintage clothes and other non-mainstream fashion , skinny jeans , checked shirts , an ironic moustache or full beard , and big glasses . The subculture is broadly associated with indie music and alternative . In America it is associated with affluent white ( European-American ) young adults living in gentrified urban areas . The term hipster in its present usage first appeared in the 1990s and became particularly prominent in the late 2000s and early 2010s , being derived from the earlier hipster movements of the 1940s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)', 'summary': "The Republican Party , also referred to as the GOP ( Grand Old Party ) , is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States ; the other is its historic rival , the Democratic Party . The GOP was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act , which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into certain U.S. territories . The party supported classical liberalism , opposed the expansion of slavery , and supported economic reform . Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president . Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress , slavery was banned in the United States in 1865 . The Party was generally dominant during the Third Party System and the Fourth Party System . After 1912 , the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right . Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the party 's core base shifted , with Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics . The party 's 21st-century base of support includes people living in rural areas , men , people without college degrees , the elderly , white Americans , and evangelical Christians . The 21st-century Republican Party ideology is American conservatism , which incorporates both economic policies and social values . The GOP supports lower taxes , free market capitalism , restrictions on immigration , increased military spending , gun rights , restrictions on abortion , deregulation and restrictions on labor unions . After the Supreme Court 's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade , the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Utah', 'summary': "The University of Utah ( U of U , UofU , or simply The U ) is a public research university in Salt Lake City , Utah . As the state 's flagship university , it offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs . The university is classified among Doctoral Universities - Very High Research Activity with selective , higher transfer-in admissions . Graduate studies include the S.J . Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah 's first medical school . As of Fall 2018 , there were 24,735 undergraduate students and 8,251 graduate students , for an enrollment total of 32,994 . The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret ( /ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ( listen ) ) by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , making it Utah 's oldest institution of higher education . It received its current name in 1892 , four years before Utah attained statehood , and moved to its current location in 1900 . The university ranks 61st among U.S. universities by total research expenditures with over $ 380 million spent in 2017 . 22 Rhodes Scholars , four Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners , eight MacArthur Fellows , various Pulitzer Prize winners , two astronauts , Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . In addition , the university 's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S . The university 's athletic teams , the Utes , participate in NCAA Division I athletics ( FBS for football ) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Devyn Simone', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kansas City , Missouri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri', 'summary': "Kansas City ( abbreviated KC or KCMO ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had an estimated population of 491,918 in 2018 , making it the 38th most-populous city in the United States . It is the most populated municipality and historic core city of the Kansas City metropolitan area , which straddles the Kansas-Missouri state line and has a CSA population of 2,487,053 . Most of the city lies within Jackson County , but portions spill into Clay , Cass , and Platte counties . The city borders Johnson County and Kansas City , Kansas , ( KCK/Wyandotte County ) in Kansas . Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west . On June 1 , 1850 , the town of Kansas was incorporated ; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory . Confusion between the two ensued , and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon after . In 2017 , the city had the fifth-highest per capita murder rate in the nation with 2019 homicide rates nearing a record high . Sitting on Missouri 's western boundary with Kansas , with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers , the city encompasses some 319.03 square miles ( 826.3 km2 ) , making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States . Along with Independence , one of its major suburbs , it serves as one of the two county seats of Jackson County . Other major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Blue Springs and Lee 's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park , Olathe , and Kansas City ."}]}, {'value': 'Devyn was Miss American Teen in 2005 , and a Miss Missouri Teen . She is a black woman who has been described as a flirtatious diva who likes attention at clubs and on stage , and a sexual person who likes to tease men , and juggle multiple suitors . She is a theatre and music studies major at the University of South Florida who hopes to work in the entertainment industry . She is close to her mother , and was close to her late grandmother', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_South_Florida', 'summary': 'The University of South Florida ( USF ) is a public research university in Tampa , Florida . It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1956 , USF is the fourth-largest public university in the state of Florida , with an enrollment of 50,755 as of the 2018-2019 academic year . The USF system has three institutions : USF Tampa , USF St. Petersburg and USF Sarasota-Manatee . Each institution is separately accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The university is home to 14 colleges , offering more than 80 undergraduate majors and more than 130 graduate , specialist , and doctoral-level degree programs . USF is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . In its 2011 ranking , the Intellectual Property Owners Association placed USF 10th among all universities worldwide in the number of US patents granted . The university has an annual budget of $ 1.5 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 3.7 billion . In a ranking compiled by the National Science Foundation , USF ranks 43rd in the United States for total research spending among all universities , public and private .'}]}, {'value': 'JD Ordoñez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami Beach , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida', 'summary': "Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States . It was incorporated on March 26 , 1915 . The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay , the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami . The neighborhood of South Beach , comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles ( 6.5 km2 ) of Miami Beach , along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami , collectively form the commercial center of South Florida . Miami Beach 's estimated population is 92,307 according to the most recent United States census estimates . Miami Beach is the 26th largest city in Florida based on official 2017 estimates from the US Census Bureau . It has been one of America 's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century . In 1979 , Miami Beach 's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels , apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943 . Mediterranean , Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District . The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East , Lenox Court on the West , 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North . The movement to preserve the Art Deco District 's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Baer Capitman , who now has a street in the District named in her honor ."}]}, {'value': 'JD is a half Cuban , half Puerto Rican gay man who , along with his brothers and sister , suffered violent physical abuse at the hands of his father , and lived on welfare . He ran away from home at thirteen , spending some time in foster care , and ensured that his father was repeatedly sent to jail for his abuse . He feels his experiences made him a stronger , independent person . The first among his four siblings to graduate from high school , he put himself through college at the University of Miami , and now works as a dolphin trainer , a dream job he first envisioned in a trip to SeaWorld at age five . A high school competitive swimmer , he became one of the youngest dolphin trainers at Miami Seaquarium at nineteen . He came out to his parents about his sexuality at sixteen , and because of this , he immediately bonds with Katelynn , who confides her transgender status only to him in the premiere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cubans', 'summary': 'Cubans or Cuban people ( Spanish : Cubanos ) , are the inhabitants , citizens of Cuba and people born in Cuba . Cuba is a multi-ethnic nation , home to people of different ethnic and national backgrounds . As a result , some Cubans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities and national origins comprising the Cuban people .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people', 'summary': 'Puerto Ricans ( Spanish : Puertorriqueños ; or boricuas ) are the people of Puerto Rico , the inhabitants , and citizens of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( a United States territory ) , and their descendants . Puerto Rico is home to people of many different national origins as well .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gay', 'summary': "Gay is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual . The term was originally used to mean carefree , cheerful , or bright and showy . The term 's use as a reference to homosexuality may date as early as the late 19th century , but its use gradually increased in the mid-20th century . In modern English , gay has come to be used as an adjective , and as a noun , referring to the community , practices and cultures associated with homosexuality . In the 1960s , gay became the word favored by homosexual men to describe their sexual orientation . By the end of the 20th century , the word gay was recommended by major LGBT groups and style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex . At about the same time , a new , pejorative use became prevalent in some parts of the world . Among younger speakers , the word has a meaning ranging from derision ( e.g. , equivalent to rubbish or stupid ) to a light-hearted mockery or ridicule ( e.g. , equivalent to weak , unmanly , or lame ) . In this use , the word rarely means homosexual , as it is often used , for example , to refer to an inanimate object or abstract concept of which one disapproves . The extent to which these usages still retain connotations of homosexuality has been debated and harshly criticized ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Social_welfare_provision', 'summary': 'Welfare is a type of government support for the citizens of that society . Welfare may be provided to people of any income level , as with social security ( and is then often called a social safety net ) , but it is usually intended to ensure that people can meet their basic human needs such as food and shelter . Welfare attempts to provide a minimal level of well-being , usually either a free- or a subsidized-supply of certain goods and social services , such as healthcare , education , and vocational training . A welfare state is a political system wherein the State assumes responsibility for the health , education , and welfare of society . The system of social security in a welfare state provides social services , such as universal medical care , unemployment insurance for workers , financial aid , free post-secondary education for students , subsidized public housing , and pensions ( sickness , incapacity , old-age ) , etc . In 1952 , with the Social Security ( Minimum Standards ) Convention ( nr . 102 ) , the International Labour Organization ( ILO ) formally defined the social contingencies covered by social security . The first welfare state was Imperial Germany ( 1871-1918 ) , where the Bismarck government introduced social security in 1889 . In the early 20th century , the United Kingdom introduced social security around 1913 , and adopted the welfare state with the National Insurance Act 1946 , during the Attlee government ( 1945-51 ) . In the countries of western Europe , Scandinavia , and Australasia , social welfare is mainly provided by the government out of the national tax revenues , and to a lesser extent by non-government organizations ( NGOs ) , and charities ( social and religious ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Miami', 'summary': "The University of Miami ( informally referred to as UM , UMiami , U of M or The U ) is a private research university in Coral Gables , Florida . As of 2019 [ update ] , the university enrolls 17,811 students in 12 separate colleges/schools , including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami 's Health District , a law school on the main campus , and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences on Virginia Key , with research facilities at the Richmond Facility in southern Miami-Dade County . The university offers 132 undergraduate , 148 master 's , and 67 doctoral degree programs , of which 63 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study . Over the years , the university 's students have represented all 50 states and close to 150 foreign countries . With more than 16,000 full- and part-time faculty and staff , UM is a top 10 employer in Miami-Dade County . UM 's main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings . Research is a component of each academic division , with UM attracting $ 358.9 million in sponsored research grants in FY 2019 . UM offers a large library system with over 3.9 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage and music . UM also offers a wide range of student activities , including fraternities and sororities , a student newspaper and a radio station . UM 's intercollegiate athletic teams , collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes , compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . UM 's football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dolphin', 'summary': "Dolphin is a common name of aquatic mammals within the infraorder Cetacea . The term dolphin usually refers to the extant families Delphinidae ( the oceanic dolphins ) , Platanistidae ( the Indian river dolphins ) , Iniidae ( the New World river dolphins ) , and Pontoporiidae ( the brackish dolphins ) , and the extinct Lipotidae ( baiji or Chinese river dolphin ) . There are 40 extant species named as dolphins . Dolphins range in size from the 1.7 m ( 5.6 ft ) long and 50 kg ( 110 lb ) Maui 's dolphin to the 9.5 m ( 31 ft ) and 10 t ( 11 short tons ) killer whale . Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism , in that the males are larger than females . They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers . Though not quite as flexible as seals , some dolphins can travel at 55.5 km/h ( 34.5 mph ) . Dolphins use their conical shaped teeth to capture fast moving prey . They have well-developed hearing which is adapted for both air and water and is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind . Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths . They have a layer of fat , or blubber , under the skin to keep warm in the cold water . Although dolphins are widespread , most species prefer the warmer waters of the tropic zones , but some , like the right whale dolphin , prefer colder climates ."}, {'url': '/wiki/SeaWorld_Orlando', 'summary': 'SeaWorld Orlando is a theme park and marine zoological park , in Orlando , Florida . It is owned and operated by SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment . When combined with its neighbor Discovery Cove and Aquatica , it forms SeaWorld Parks and Resorts Orlando , an entertainment complex consisting of the three parks and many hotels . In 2018 , SeaWorld Orlando hosted an estimated 4.594 million guests , ranking it the 10th most visited amusement park in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Miami_Seaquarium', 'summary': 'The Miami Seaquarium is a 38-acre ( 15 ha ) oceanarium located on the island of Virginia Key in Biscayne Bay , Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States and is located near downtown Miami . Founded in 1955 , it is one of the oldest oceanariums in the United States . In addition to marine mammals , the Miami Seaquarium houses fish , sharks , sea turtles , birds , reptiles , and manatees . The park offers daily presentations and hosts overnight camps , events for boy scouts , and group programs . Over 500,000 people visit the facility annually . The park has around 225 employees , and its lease payments and taxes make it the third-largest contributor to Miami-Dade Countys revenue .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Coming_out', 'summary': "Coming out of the closet , often shortened to coming out , is a metaphor for LGBT people 's self-disclosure of their sexual orientation or of their gender identity . The term coming out can also be used in various non-LGBT applications ( e.g . atheists ) . Framed and debated as a privacy issue , coming out of the closet is described and experienced variously as a psychological process or journey ; decision-making or risk-taking ; a strategy or plan ; a mass or public event ; a speech act and a matter of personal identity ; a rite of passage ; liberation or emancipation from oppression ; an ordeal ; a means toward feeling gay pride instead of shame and social stigma ; or even career suicide . Author Steven Seidman writes that it is the power of the closet to shape the core of an individual 's life that has made homosexuality into a significant personal , social , and political drama in twentieth-century America . Coming out of the closet is the source of other gay slang expressions related to voluntary disclosure or lack thereof . LGBT people who have already revealed or no longer conceal their sexual orientation or gender identity are out , i.e . openly LGBT . Oppositely , LGBT people who have yet to come out or have opted not to do so are labelled as closeted or being in the closet . Outing is the deliberate or accidental disclosure of an LGBT person 's sexual orientation or gender identity , without their consent . By extension , outing oneself is self-disclosure . Glass closet means the open secret of when public figures ' being LGBT is considered a widely accepted fact even though they have not officially come out ."}]}, {'value': 'Katelynn Cusanelli', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Palm Beach , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida', 'summary': 'West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County , Florida , United States . It is located immediately to the west of the adjacent Palm Beach , which is situated on a barrier island across the Lake Worth Lagoon . The population was 99,919 at the 2010 census . West Palm Beach is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017 . It is the oldest incorporated municipality in the south Florida area , having been incorporated as a city two years before Miami in November 1894 . West Palm Beach is located approximately 68 miles ( 109 km ) north of Downtown Miami .'}]}, {'value': 'Katelynn , or Kat , is an Italian-American trans woman who had a rough childhood . She first realized her gender variance in high school and began living as a woman at 17 , which was difficult given her rigid , Sicilian family . She began her transition almost five years prior to moving into the Real World house , and completed her gender reassignment surgery in Thailand in July 2008 . She is a self-described computer geek , and holds a black belt in Tae Kwon Do . She has a boyfriend named Mike whom she hopes to marry . In the season premiere , she initially reveals her transgender status only to JD , though she eventually comes into conflict with him over this and other matters , and reveals her status to the others . She has lost three close friends to AIDS , which inspires her charity work', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italian-American', 'summary': 'Italian Americans ( Italian : italoamericani or italo-americani [ ˌitalo.ameriˈkaːni ] ) are citizens of the United States of America who are of Italian descent . Residing mainly in Northeastern and urban industrial Midwestern metropolitan areas , Italian Americans are the fifth largest self-identified ethnic group in the United States behind German Americans , Irish Americans , English Americans and Mexican Americans , though realistically the various Americans of British , Northwestern European , and Germanic ancestries that do not identify their ancestry in censuses or identify simply as American are much higher in number . About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004 . In 1870 , there were fewer than 25,000 Italian immigrants in America , many of them Northern Italian refugees from the wars that accompanied the Risorgimento - the struggle for Italian unification and independence from foreign rule which ended in 1871 . Immigration began to increase during the 1870s , when more than twice as many Italians immigrated ( 1870-79 : 46,296 ) than during the five previous decades combined ( 1820-69 : 22,627 ) . The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration , which occurred between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to the United States , the greatest number coming from Southern Italy ( namely Campania , Apulia , Basilicata , Calabria and Sicily ) , areas which were still largely rural and agricultural , and where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule , and an oppressive taxation system imposed after Italian unification in 1861 . This period of large-scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and , except for one year ( 1922 ) , never fully resumed . Further immigration was greatly limited by several laws Congress passed in the 1920s . Following the unification , the unitary Italian state initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South . After the American Civil War , which resulted in over a half million killed or wounded , immigrant workers were recruited from Italy and elsewhere to fill the labor shortage caused by the war . In the United States , most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in eastern cities , mining camps and farms . The descendants of the Italian immigrants gradually rose from a lower economic class in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Trans_woman', 'summary': 'A trans woman ( sometimes trans-woman or transwoman ) is a woman who was assigned male at birth . Trans women may experience gender dysphoria and may transition ; this process commonly includes hormone replacement therapy and sometimes sex reassignment surgery , which can bring immense relief and even resolve gender dysphoria entirely . Trans women may be heterosexual , bisexual , homosexual , asexual , or identify with other terms ( such as queer ) . The term transgender woman is not always interchangeable with transsexual woman , although the terms are often used interchangeably . Transgender is an umbrella term that includes different types of gender variant people ( including transsexual people ) . Trans women face significant discrimination in many areas of life ( transmisogyny , a subset of transphobia ) , including in employment and access to housing , and face physical and sexual violence and hate crimes , including from partners ; in the United States , discrimination is particularly severe towards trans women who are members of a racial minority , who often face the intersection of transphobia and racism .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gender_variant', 'summary': 'Gender variance , or gender nonconformity , is behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine or feminine gender norms . People who exhibit gender variance may be called gender variant , gender non-conforming , gender diverse , gender atypical or non-binary , and may be transgender or otherwise variant in their gender identity . In the case of transgender people , they may be perceived , or perceive themselves as , gender nonconforming before transitioning , but might not be perceived as such after transitioning . Some intersex people may also exhibit gender variance .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sicily', 'summary': 'Sicily ( Italian : Sicilia [ siˈtʃiːlja ] ; Sicilian : Sicilia [ sɪˈʃiːlja ] ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana . Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea , south of the Italian Peninsula , from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina . Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna , the tallest active volcano in Europe , and one of the most active in the world , currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high . The island has a typical Mediterranean climate . The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC . By around 750 BC , Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars . After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD , Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals , the Ostrogoths , the Byzantine Empire , and the Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily , which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen , the Capetian House of Anjou , Spain , and the House of Habsburg . It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand , a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification , and a plebiscite . Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946 , 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gender_reassignment_surgery', 'summary': "Sex reassignment surgery ( SRS ) , also known as gender reassignment surgery ( GRS ) and several other names , is a surgical procedure ( or procedures ) by which a transgender person 's physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to resemble that socially associated with their identified gender . It is part of a treatment for gender dysphoria in transgender people . Professional medical organizations have established Standards of Care that apply before someone can apply for and receive reassignment surgery , including psychological evaluation , and a period of real-life experience living in the desired gender . Feminization surgeries are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered female . These surgeries include vaginoplasty , feminizing augmentation mammoplasty , orchiectomy , facial feminization surgery , reduction thyrochondroplasty ( tracheal shave ) , and voice feminization surgery among others . Masculinization surgeries are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered male . These surgeries include chest masculinization surgery ( top surgery ) , metoidioplasty , phalloplasty , scrotoplasty , and hysterectomy . In addition to SRS , patients may need to follow a lifelong course of masculinizing or feminizing hormone replacement therapy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tae_Kwon_Do', 'summary': 'Taekwondo , Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do ( Korean 태권도/跆拳道 [ tʰɛ.k͈wʌn.do ] ( listen ) , English pronunciation /ˌtaɪkwɒnˈdoʊ/ , or /ˌtaɪˈkwɒndoʊ/ ) is a Korean martial art , characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks , jumping and spinning kicks , and fast kicking techniques . Taekwondo is a combative sport and was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate , Chinese martial arts , and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as Taekkyon , Subak , and Gwonbeop . The oldest governing body for Taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association ( KTA ) , formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans , or martial arts schools , in Korea . The main international organisational bodies for Taekwondo today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation ( ITF ) , founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966 , and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo ( WT , formerly WTF ) , founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association . Gyeorugi ( [ kjʌɾuɡi ] ) , a type of full-contact sparring , has been an Olympic event since 2000 . The governing body for Taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/AIDS', 'summary': 'Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms , or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness . Typically , this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms . If the infection progresses , it interferes more with the immune system , increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis , as well as other opportunistic infections , and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function . These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss . HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex ( including anal and oral sex ) , contaminated blood transfusions , hypodermic needles , and from mother to child during pregnancy , delivery , or breastfeeding . Some bodily fluids , such as saliva , sweat and tears , do not transmit the virus . HIV is a member of the group of viruses known as retroviruses . Methods of prevention include safe sex , needle exchange programs , treating those who are infected , pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis , and male circumcision . Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication . There is no cure or vaccine ; however , antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy .'}]}, {'value': 'Ryan Conklin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_A._Conklin', 'summary': 'Ryan Allen Conklin ( born April 1 , 1985 ) is a former Sergeant in the United States Army , known as a cast member on the MTV reality television series , The Real World : Brooklyn , and star of The Real World Presents : Return to Duty , a 2009 documentary that chronicled his second tour of duty serving as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom , and author of the Iraq War memoir , An Angel From Hell .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gettysburg , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gettysburg,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Gettysburg ( locally /ˈɡɛtɪsbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; non-locally /ˈɡɛtizbɜːrɡ/ ) is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania . The Battle of Gettysburg ( 1863 ) and President Abraham Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address are named for this town . The town hosts visitors to the Gettysburg National Battlefield in the Gettysburg National Military Park . As of the 2010 census , the borough had a population of 7,620 people ."}]}, {'value': "Ryan was in the Army for three and a half years , having been inspired by the September 11 Attacks to enlist at the age of 17 . He spent a year in Iraq , guarded Saddam Hussein at his trial , and suffered a number of near-death experiences . He suffers from knee problems and posttraumatic stress as a result of his tour of duty . He expresses these experiences through his guitar playing , and in a 300-page single-space typed journal . He is described by The Brooklyn Paper as the fun one in the premiere . His experiences in Iraq made him highly critical of the war 's execution , and hopes a victory for Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential Election will preclude his being recalled to Iraq . He is an aspiring filmmaker who hopes to study at the University of Pittsburgh , and a class clown who plays pranks . He has a girlfriend named Belle . His brother Aaron is a military police officer in the Army Reserves , and they have two cousins in the Army as well . He learns in Episode 11 that he is being recalled to active duty", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/September_11_Attacks', 'summary': "The September 11 attacks ( also referred to as 9/11 ) [ a ] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday , September 11 , 2001 . The attacks resulted in 2,977 victim fatalities , over 25,000 injuries , and caused at least $ 10 billion in infrastructure and property damage . Additional people have died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks . Four passenger airliners operated by two major U.S. passenger air carriers ( United Airlines and American Airlines ) - all of which departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for San Francisco and Los Angeles - were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists . Two of the planes , American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 , were crashed into the North and South towers , respectively , of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan . Within an hour and 42 minutes , both 110-story towers collapsed . Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex , including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower , as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures . A third plane , American Airlines Flight 77 , was crashed into the Pentagon ( the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense ) in Arlington County , Virginia , which led to a partial collapse of the building 's west side . The fourth plane , United Airlines Flight 93 , was initially flown toward Washington , D.C. , but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania , after its passengers thwarted the hijackers . 9/11 is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States , with 343 and 72 killed , respectively . Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda . The United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban , which had failed to comply with U.S. demands to extradite Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Iraq', 'summary': "Iraq ( /ɪˈræk/ , /ɪˈrɑːk/ ( listen ) or /aɪˈræk/ ; Arabic : اَلْعِرَاق , al-ʿirāq ; Kurdish : عێراق Êraq ) , officially the Republic of Iraq ( Arabic : جُمْهُورِيَّة ٱلْعِرَاقِ Jumhūriyyah al-ʿIrāq ; Kurdish : کۆماری عێراق Komarî Êraq ) , is a country in Western Asia , bordered by Turkey to the north , Iran to the east , Kuwait to the southeast , Saudi Arabia to the south , Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west . The capital , and largest city , is Baghdad . Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs , Kurds , Assyrians , Turkmen , Shabakis , Yazidis , Armenians , Mandeans , Circassians and Kawliya . Around 99% of the country 's 38 million citizens are Muslims , with tiny minorities of Christians , Yarsans , Yezidis and Mandeans also present . The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish . Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km ( 36 miles ) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain , the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert . Two major rivers , the Tigris and Euphrates , run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf . These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land . The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers , historically known as Mesopotamia , is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation . It was here that mankind first began to read , write , create laws and live in cities under an organised government - notably Uruk , from which Iraq is derived . The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC . Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian , Sumerian , Assyrian and Babylonian empires ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saddam_Hussein', 'summary': "Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( /hʊˈseɪn/ ; Arabic : صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī ; [ a ] 28 April 1937 [ b ] - 30 December 2006 ) was the fifth President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003 . A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party , and later , the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party - which espoused Ba'athism , a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism - Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup ( later referred to as the 17 July Revolution ) that brought the party to power in Iraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government , Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflicts between the government and the armed forces . In the early 1970s , Saddam nationalized oil and foreign banks leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran-Iraq War , the Gulf War , and UN sanctions . Through the 1970s , Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatus of government as oil money helped Iraq 's economy to grow at a rapid pace . Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs , a minority that made up only a fifth of the population . Saddam formally rose to power in 1979 , although he had already been the de facto head of Iraq for several years . He suppressed several movements , particularly Shi ' a and Kurdish movements which sought to overthrow the government or gain independence , respectively , and maintained power during the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War . Whereas some in the Arab world lauded Saddam for opposing the United States and attacking Israel , he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship . The total number of Iraqis killed by the security services of Saddam 's government in various purges and genocides is conservatively estimated to be 250,000 . Saddam 's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths . In 2003 , a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam , in which U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair erroneously accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein', 'summary': "The trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office . The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal ( IST ) , consisting of five Iraqi judges , on 9 December 2003 , to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes , crimes against humanity , and genocide . Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003 . He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad , along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials . Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran-Iraq War , against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts , and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982 , during the Iran-Iraq War . Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown , and was still the president of Iraq . The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005 . At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party ( see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein ) . A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006 , trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq . On 5 November 2006 , Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging . On 26 December , Saddam 's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld . No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder', 'summary': "Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) [ note 1 ] is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event , such as sexual assault , warfare , traffic collisions , child abuse , or other threats on a person 's life . Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts , feelings , or dreams related to the events , mental or physical distress to trauma-related cues , attempts to avoid trauma-related cues , alterations in how a person thinks and feels , and an increase in the fight-or-flight response . These symptoms last for more than a month after the event . Young children are less likely to show distress , but instead may express their memories through play . A person with PTSD is at a higher risk for suicide and intentional self-harm . Most people who experience traumatic events do not develop PTSD . People who experience interpersonal trauma such as rape or child abuse are more likely to develop PTSD as compared to people who experience non-assault based trauma , such as accidents and natural disasters . About half of people develop PTSD following rape . Children are less likely than adults to develop PTSD after trauma , especially if they are under 10 years of age . Diagnosis is based on the presence of specific symptoms following a traumatic event . Prevention may be possible when counselling is targeted at those with early symptoms but is not effective when provided to all trauma-exposed individuals whether or not symptoms are present . The main treatments for people with PTSD are counselling ( psychotherapy ) and medication ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Barack_Obama', 'summary': 'Barack Hussein Obama II ( /bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/ ( listen ) ; born August 4 , 1961 ) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 . A member of the Democratic Party , he was the first African-American president of the United States . He previously served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004 . Obama was born in Honolulu , Hawaii . After graduating from Columbia University in 1983 , he worked as a community organizer in Chicago . In 1988 , he enrolled in Harvard Law School , where he was the first black person to head the Harvard Law Review . After graduating , he became a civil rights attorney and an academic , teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004 . Turning to elective politics , he represented the 13th district from 1997 until 2004 in the Illinois Senate , when he ran for the U.S. Senate . Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate-primary win , his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address , and his landslide November election to the Senate . In 2008 , he was nominated for president a year after his presidential campaign began , and after close primary campaigns against Hillary Clinton . Obama was elected over Republican John McCain and was inaugurated on January 20 , 2009 . Nine months later , he was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_United_States_Presidential_Election', 'summary': "The 2008 United States presidential election was the 56th quadrennial presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 4 , 2008 . The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama , the junior U.S . Senator from Illinois , and Joe Biden , the senior U.S . Senator from Delaware , defeated the Republican ticket of John McCain , the senior Senator from Arizona , and Sarah Palin , the Governor of Alaska . Obama became the first African American ever to be elected to the presidency . Incumbent Republican President George W. Bush was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment . As neither Bush nor Vice President Dick Cheney sought the presidency , the 2008 election was the first election since 1952 in which neither major party 's presidential nominee was the incumbent president or the incumbent vice president . McCain secured the Republican nomination by March 2008 , defeating Mitt Romney , Mike Huckabee , and other challengers . The Democratic primaries were marked by a sharp contest between Obama and the initial front-runner , Senator Hillary Clinton . Clinton 's victory in the New Hampshire primary made her the first woman to win a major party 's presidential primary . [ nb 1 ] After a long primary season , Obama clinched the Democratic nomination in June 2008 . Early campaigning focused heavily on the Iraq War and Bush 's unpopularity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh', 'summary': "The University of Pittsburgh ( Pitt ) is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier . It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819 . After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area , the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city ; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908 . Pitt was a private institution until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education . The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus , home to the university 's central administration and 28,391 undergraduate , graduate , and professional students . The university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania : Bradford , Greensburg , Johnstown , and Titusville . The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District , most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece , the Cathedral of Learning . The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ( UPMC ) , as well as the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , Schenley Park , and Carnegie Mellon University . The university has an annual operating budget of approximately $ 2 billion . This includes nearly $ 940 million in research and development expenditures as of 2017 , the 16th-highest in the nation . A member of the Association of American Universities , Pitt is the third-largest recipient of federally sponsored health research funding among U.S. universities in 2018 and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Military_police_officer', 'summary': 'Military police ( MP ) are law enforcement agencies connected with , or part of , the military of a state . In different countries it may refer to :'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserves', 'summary': 'The United States Army Reserve ( USAR ) is a reserve force of the United States Army . Together , the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the Army element of the Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces . Since June 2016 , the commanding general of the Army Reserve is Lieutenant General Charles D. Luckey became the 33rd Chief of Army Reserve , and Commanding General , United States Army Reserve Command ( USARC ) . The senior enlisted leader of the Army Reserve is Command Sergeant Major Ted L. Copeland .'}]}, {'value': 'Sarah Rice', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Francisco , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}, {'url': '/wiki/California', 'summary': "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment ."}]}, {'value': "Sarah is an artist who suffered sexual abuse by a teacher and inappropriate behavior by her father , whom she has tried unsuccessfully to have imprisoned , and to whom she has not spoken for eight years , a silence that is broken when he calls her in Episode 4 . She has dedicated herself to advocate for survivors of abuse as an art therapist . She hopes to show her art in a gallery , and recently began a relationship with a man to whom her mother introduced her , one of her first heterosexual relationships , as most of her prior ones were with women , though she prefers not to label her sexual orientation . Sarah , whose appearance is described to be that of a tattooed punk , is observed by The Brooklyn Paper to be the only cast member with an interest in anyone else on a deeper level in the premiere , as contrasted with the gossip-like focus of the other castmates ' discussions", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Art_therapist', 'summary': "Art therapy ( not to be confused with arts therapy which includes other creative therapies such as drama therapy and music therapy ) is a distinct discipline that incorporates creative methods of expression through visual art media . Art therapy , as a creative arts therapy profession , originated in the fields of art and psychotherapy and may vary in definition . Art therapy may focus on the creative art-making process itself , as therapy , or on the analysis of expression gained through an exchange of patient and therapist interaction . The psychoanalytic approach was one of the earliest forms of art psychotherapy . This approach employs the transference process between the therapist and the client who makes art . The therapist interprets the client 's symbolic self-expression as communicated in the art and elicits interpretations from the client . :1 Analysis of transference is no longer always a component . Art therapy can be used to help people improve cognitive and sensory motor function , self-esteem , self awareness , emotional resilience . It may also aide in resolving conflicts and reduce distress . Current art therapy includes a vast number of other approaches such as person-centered , cognitive , behavior , Gestalt , narrative , Adlerian , and family . The tenets of art therapy involve humanism , creativity , reconciling emotional conflicts , fostering self-awareness , and personal growth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sexual_orientation', 'summary': "Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction ( or a combination of these ) to persons of the opposite sex or gender , the same sex or gender , or to both sexes or more than one gender . These attractions are generally subsumed under heterosexuality , homosexuality , and bisexuality , while asexuality ( the lack of sexual attraction to others ) is sometimes identified as the fourth category . These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology . For example , people may use other labels , such as pansexual or polysexual , or none at all . According to the American Psychological Association , sexual orientation also refers to a person 's sense of identity based on those attractions , related behaviors , and membership in a community of others who share those attractions . Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization . Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity ; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity . The term sexual preference largely overlaps with sexual orientation , but is generally distinguished in psychological research . A person who identifies as bisexual , for example , may sexually prefer one sex over the other . Sexual preference may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice , whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice . Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation , but they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic , hormonal , and environmental influences . Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support , scientists favor biologically-based theories ."}]}, {'value': 'Scott Herman', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salem , New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salem,_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "Salem is a town in Rockingham County , New Hampshire , United States . The population was 28,776 at the 2010 census . Being located on Interstate 93 as the first town in New Hampshire , which lacks any state sales tax , Salem has grown into a commercial hub , anchored by the Mall at Rockingham Park . Other major sites include the Canobie Lake Park , a large amusement park , and America 's Stonehenge , a stone structure of disputed origins . It is the former home of Rockingham Park , a horse racetrack . The Sununu political family hails from Salem , including former New Hampshire governor and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu , and his sons John E. Sununu , a former U.S. senator , and Chris Sununu , current New Hampshire governor ."}]}, {'value': "Scott is a personal trainer , model and actor who has been working out since the age of 14 . He recently received the designation of having the best abs on the East Coast , and was featured in Men 's Health magazine . The first in his family to graduate from college , he educates the public on health and fitness with his website . Along with Chet , he is one of two Republicans in the house", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdominals', 'summary': 'The abdomen ( colloquially called the belly , tummy or midriff ) is the part of the body between the thorax ( chest ) and pelvis , in humans and in other vertebrates . The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the trunk . The region occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity . In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body ; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax . In humans , the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim . The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint ( the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 ) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet . The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity . The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Men's_Health_(magazine)", 'summary': "Men 's Health ( MH ) , published by Hearst , is the world 's largest men 's magazine brand , with 35 editions in 59 countries . It is also the best-selling men 's magazine on U.S. newsstands . Although originally started as a men 's health magazine , it currently covers various men 's lifestyle topics such as fitness , nutrition , fashion , and sexuality . The magazine 's website , MensHealth.com , averages over 118 million page views a month ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Cast', 'section_text': 'This was the first season of Real World to feature a cast of eight roommates living together . The cast included a trans woman , Katelynn Cusanelli , a first for the series . [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The cast was photographed publicly for the first time at a Semi Precious Weapons New York Fashion Week party at the Manhattan club Rebel in early September 2008 .', 'uid': 'The_Real_World:_Brooklyn_0', 'intro': "The Real World: Brooklyn is the twenty-first season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the fourth season of The Real World to be filmed in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, specifically in New York City after The Real World: Back to New York. The season featured eight people who lived on Pier 41 in Red Hook. Although it is the only season to set in the borough of Brooklyn, it is also the third season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season, as the show's first and tenth seasons were set in New York in 1992 and 2001. The season was aired as 13 one-hour episodes. MTV announced the location in May 2008. Filming began August 14, 2008, and concluded November 24, 2008. The series premiered January 7, 2009, and garnered an 18% increase in ratings over the previous season with 2.3 million viewers. The premiere was made available on iTunes on January 8. On January 4, MTV aired a special called The Real World: Secrets Revealed that documents the evolution of the series over the years. Prior to the beginning of the season Jon Murray, co-creator of The Real World, and Chairman and President of Bunim-Murray Productions, explained the choice of Brooklyn: The Brooklyn season, like the Hollywood season, will focus on what people loved about 'The Real World' when it launched in 1992 - genuine people, meaningful conflict and powerful stories.We're thrilled that MTV is allowing 'The Real World' turn 21! Cast member Chet Cannon remarked on the city that was his home for three months, Brooklyn is usually spoken of as more a place where you dont want to go - I just dont want to get shot down here."}
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What is the population of the hometown of Real World : Brooklyn cast member Baya Voce ?
1,222,540
fecb63a5f5d342e5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NBA_franchise_post-season_streaks', 'title': 'List of NBA franchise post-season streaks', 'header': ['Streak', 'Team', 'NBA Finals appearance streak', 'NBA championships won during streak'], 'data': [{'value': '10 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': '1957 - 1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 1957 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1956-57 National Basketball Association season , and was the conclusion of the 1957 NBA Playoffs . The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics . This was the first trip to the Finals for each team , the first Finals in which both teams competing were making their first appearances since 1951 . The Celtics won the series over the Hawks , 4-3 . It remains the only Game 7 in NBA history to be decided in double-overtime .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1966_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1966 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1966 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1965-66 season . The Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics faced the Western Division champion Los Angeles Lakers in a best-of-seven series that the Celtics won 4 games to 3 . For the Celtics this was their tenth straight finals appearance , which tied a North American professional sports record set by the National Hockey League 's Montreal Canadiens from 1951 to 1960 . Thus Boston won its 8th consecutive league title , which no other team has achieved in North American professional sports competition . Before Game 2 , after the Los Angeles Lakers ' comeback overtime win in Game 1 , Red Auerbach , who had challenged the entire league to topple the Celtics from their reign by announcing he would retire after 1965-1966 before the season had started ( thus giving his detractors one last shot at him ) , announced Bill Russell as the Celtics coach for 1966-1967 and beyond . He would be the first African-American to coach in the NBA . Laker coach Fred Schaus privately fumed that Red 's hiring had taken away all of the accolades his Lakers should have received following their tremendous Game 1 win . The Celtics won the next three games and looked ready to close out L.A. in Game 5 . However , the Lakers won the next two games , setting the stage for another classic Game 7 in the Boston Garden . The Celtics raced out to a huge lead , and held off a late Los Angeles rally to capture the NBA title and send Red Auerbach out a champion . This was the last NBA championship series until 2016 in which a team trailing 3 games to 1 rallied to force a Game 7 ."}]}, {'value': '9 ( 1957 , 1959-1966 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Golden State Warriors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors', 'summary': "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in San Francisco . The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . Founded in 1946 in Philadelphia , the Warriors moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1962 and took the city 's name , before changing its geographic moniker to Golden State in 1971 . [ b ] They play their home games at the Chase Center . The Warriors won the inaugural Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) championship in 1947 , [ c ] and won again in 1956 , led by Hall of Fame trio Paul Arizin , Tom Gola , and Neil Johnston . After a brief rebuilding period after the trade of star Wilt Chamberlain , the team moved to San Francisco . In 1975 , star players Jamaal Wilkes and Rick Barry powered the Warriors to their third championship , largely considered one of the biggest upsets in NBA history . The team struggled in the 1980s , then became playoff regulars at the turn of the decade with stars Tim Hardaway , Mitch Richmond , and Chris Mullin , nicknamed Run TMC . The team returned to championship glory in 2015 , led by Stephen Curry , Klay Thompson , and Draymond Green ; they won again in 2017 and 2018 , with the help of former MVP Kevin Durant . Nicknamed the Dubs as a shortening of W 's , the Warriors hold several NBA records : best regular season , most wins in a season ( regular season and postseason combined ) , and best postseason run . Curry and Thompson are among the greatest backcourts of all time . Only the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics have more NBA championships ."}]}, {'value': '2015 - 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2015 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2014-15 season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors defeated the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers in six games ( 4-2 ) for the Warriors ' first title in 40 years and their fourth in franchise history , becoming the first team since the 1990-91 Chicago Bulls to win a championship without any prior Finals experience from any player on their roster . Golden State 's Andre Iguodala was named the Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . The Warriors were led by 2014-15 NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Stephen Curry , while the Cavaliers featured four-time league MVP LeBron James . Both teams entered the series with title droughts of four decades , with the Cavaliers having never won a title since their 1970-71 inception and the Warriors ' last title having been in 1975 . This was also the first time that both participating teams had first-year head coaches since the inaugural league finals in 1947 , when the NBA was known as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . It was the fifth consecutive finals appearance for James who played for the Miami Heat the previous four seasons , making him the first NBA player since the Boston Celtics dynasty of the 1960s to achieve this accomplishment . James also became the first player in NBA Finals history to lead both teams in points , assists , and rebounds for the entire series . He averaged 35.8 points , 13.3 rebounds , and 8.8 assists for the series , although he shot 39.8% throughout the series . Kevin Love missed the entire series due to an injury , and Kyrie Irving missed the final five games of the series due to an injury in Game 1 . For the second straight year , the Finals was played in the 2-2-1-1-1 format ( Games 1 , 2 , and 5 were at Golden State , games 3 , 4 , and 6 were at Cleveland . Had it been necessary , Game 7 would have been held at Golden State ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2019_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2019 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 2018-19 season and conclusion of the season 's playoffs . In the best-of-seven playoff series held from May 30 through June 13 , 2019 , the Eastern Conference champion Toronto Raptors defeated the Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors , 4-2 , earning the franchise its first NBA championship as well as the first win by a team based outside the United States . Acquired by the Raptors via a trade during the off-season , Kawhi Leonard was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) for the second time in his career . This was the first NBA Finals appearance for the Raptors , and the league 's first finals with games played outside of the United States . Home-court advantage was awarded to Toronto , who finished the regular season with one more win ( 58-24 ) than Golden State ( 57-25 ) . This was the first time in five consecutive NBA Finals appearances that the then-two-time defending NBA-champion Warriors did not have home-court advantage . Also for the first time after the past four postseasons , the Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers did not meet in the championship round . This was the first finals since 2010 not to include LeBron James , who played in the past eight finals with the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Miami Heat ."}]}, {'value': '3 ( 2015 , 2017 , 2018 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '1982 - 1985', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1982 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1981-82 season , the top level of competition in men 's professional basketball in North America . The series saw the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers face the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia 76ers . It was a rematch of the 1980 NBA Finals . The Lakers won 4 games to 2 . The 1982 NBA Finals documentary Something To Prove recaps all the action of this series . It was the last NBA video documentary to exclusively use film in all on-court action . Dick Stockton narrated the documentary , with the condensed USA Network version narrated by Al Albert . The series ended June 8 , later than any previous NBA Finals . The previous record was June 7 , 1978 . This record was eclipsed two years later when the finals ended on June 12 , 1984 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1985_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1985 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1984-85 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . It featured the Eastern Conference playoff champion Boston Celtics against the Western Conference playoff champion Los Angeles Lakers . The Celtics were looking to repeat as NBA champions for the first time since the 1968-69 season . The Celtics had home court advantage for the second year in a row as they finished the regular season with a 63-19 record while the Lakers compiled a 62-20 record . The Lakers looked to bounce back from the previous year 's painful loss to the Celtics in the championship series , and were still seeking to beat Boston for the first time ever in NBA Finals history . Also for the first time , the Finals went to a 2-3-2 format with Games 1 and 2 in Boston while the next three games were in Los Angeles . The final two games of the series would be played in Boston , if required . This change of format came after David Stern had a conversation with Celtics legend Red Auerbach in 1984 , who did n't like the frequent traveling between games . The 2-3-2 format would be used until the 2013 NBA Finals , after which the 2-2-1-1-1 format returned the following year . The Los Angeles Lakers with the help of Kareem Abdul Jabbar and Magic Johnson defeated the Celtics four games to two to defeat the Celtics for the first time in Laker history in the NBA Finals . It would mark the last time the NBA World Championship Series branding would be in use as the NBA Finals branding would replace it the next season . The video documentary Return to Glory recaps the 1985 NBA Playoff action ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1982 , 1985 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Celtics', 'summary': "The Boston Celtics ( /ˈsɛltɪks/ SEL-tiks ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston . The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division . Founded in 1946 as one of the league 's original eight teams , the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden , which they share with the National Hockey League ( NHL ) 's Boston Bruins . The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history ; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 ( accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league 's founding ) , and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team . The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers , who have won 16 NBA championships , second behind the Celtics . The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s . The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals ( including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010 ) , of which the Celtics have won nine . Four Celtics players ( Bob Cousy , Bill Russell , Dave Cowens and Larry Bird ) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards . Both the nickname Celtics and their mascot Lucky the Leprechaun are a nod to Boston 's historically large Irish population . The Celtics ' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s , after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956 , who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty . Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy , the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957 . Russell , along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek , Tom Heinsohn , K. C. Jones , Sam Jones , Satch Sanders , and Bill Sharman , would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history , winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s ."}]}, {'value': '1984 - 1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1984 NBA World Championship Series , also known as Showdown '84 , was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1983-84 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . The Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics defeated the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers in a seven-game Finals , winning Game 7 111-102 . Celtics forward Larry Bird averaged 27 points and 14 rebounds a game during the series , earning the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . Bird was also named the league 's regular season MVP for that year . This series was the long-awaited rematch of the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics after their rivalry was revived in 1979 with the Magic Johnson-Larry Bird pair entering the league . After the Lakers won Game 1 , a crucial steal in Game 2 led to a tie game and the Celtics were able to win in overtime to tie the series . The Lakers won Game 3 easily and almost won Game 4 , but were again thwarted . Now tied 2-2 , the Lakers and Celtics each held serve at their home court to send the series to Boston for Game 7 . Game 5 was a classic , with Bird coming up with a huge game in one of the ( literally ) hottest games ever ( 97 °F ( 36 °C ) ) in the non-air conditioned Boston Garden . Game 7 was also contested in hot temperatures that hovered around 91 °F ( 33 °C ) . The score was close but the contest eventually went to the Celtics . Cedric Maxwell scored 24 points against the Los Angeles Lakers in the decisive Game 7 victory ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1987_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1987 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1986-87 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference and defending NBA champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 . The key moment of the series was Magic Johnson 's junior sky hook in Game 4 . This was the tenth time that the Celtics and Lakers met in the NBA Finals ( more than any other Finals matchup ) . It would be the Celtics ' last Finals appearance until the two teams met in 2008 . This was the first NBA Championship Series conducted entirely in June . The last time there were no NBA Championship Series games in May was in the 1970-1971 season , when the finals ( a four-game sweep that year ) ended on April 30 . It is also the first NBA Finals series to be conducted on a Sunday-Tuesday-Thursday rotation , which was in use until 1990 and revived since the 2004 NBA Finals ; in between the NBA Finals were conducted on a Sunday-Wednesday-Friday rotation ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1984 , 1986 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miami Heat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami_Heat', 'summary': "The Miami Heat are an American professional basketball team based in Miami . The Heat compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The Heat play their home games at American Airlines Arena , and have won three NBA championships . The franchise began play in the 1988-89 NBA season as an expansion team . After a period of mediocrity , the Heat would gain relevance during the 1990s following the appointment of former head coach Pat Riley in the role of team president . Riley would construct the high-profile trades of Alonzo Mourning in 1995 , and of Tim Hardaway in 1996 , which immediately propelled the team into playoff contention . Mourning and Hardaway would eventually lead the Heat to four division titles , prior to their departures in 2001 and 2002 , respectively . As a result , the team struggled , and entered into a rebuild in time for the 2002-03 season . Led by Dwyane Wade , and following a trade for former NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Shaquille O'Neal , Miami advanced to play in the NBA Finals in 2006 , where they clinched their first championship , led by Riley as head coach . After the departure of O'Neal two years later , the team entered into another period of decline for the remainder of the 2000s . This saw the resignation of Riley as head coach , who returned to his position as team president , and was replaced by Erik Spoelstra . In 2010 , after creating significant cap space , the Heat partnered Wade with former league MVP LeBron James , and perennial NBA All-Star Chris Bosh , creating the Big Three ."}]}, {'value': '2011 - 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 2011 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2010-11 season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in which the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeated the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat in six games to win their first NBA championship . The series was held from May 31 to June 12 , 2011 . Mavericks forward and German player Dirk Nowitzki was named the Finals MVP , becoming the second European to win the award after Tony Parker ( 2007 ) and the first German player to do so . The series was a rematch of the 2006 NBA Finals , which the Heat had won in six games to win their first NBA championship . Going into the series , the Heat were heavy favorites with their newly acquired superstars LeBron James and Chris Bosh along with returning superstar Dwyane Wade . The Dallas Mavericks became the first team in NBA history since the institution of the 2-3-2 format to enter Game 3 tied at one , lose Game 3 and still win the Finals . The previous 11 times this occurred , the Game 3 winner went on to win the series . The Mavericks also became just the 7th team , and the first since 1988 , to come back and win the Finals after being down in the series two or more separate times ( one game to none , and later two games to one ) . The previous six times this happened , the Finals ended in seven games ; Dallas became the first team in NBA history to do it in six games . ABC averaged a 10.1 rating , 11.7 million households and nearly 17.3 million viewers with the 2011 Finals , according to Nielsen .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2014 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2013-14 season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs defeated the defending NBA champion and Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat in five games ( 4-1 ) for the Spurs ' fifth NBA championship in franchise history . The Spurs outscored the Heat in the series by the largest average point differential ( 14.0 ) in Finals history , and ended their chances of a three-peat , the first that would have occurred since the 2000-2002 Los Angeles Lakers , led by Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal . San Antonio 's Kawhi Leonard was named the Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . This was a Finals rematch from the previous NBA season , which Miami had won in seven games , handing the Spurs the franchise 's first-ever Finals defeat in 2013 . This marked the 12th Finals rematch , but only the fifth since the ABA-NBA merger in 1976 . The Spurs had home-court advantage , since the team finished the regular season with a better record ( 62-20 ) than the Heat ( 54-28 ) . For the first time since 1984 , the Finals were played in a 2-2-1-1-1 format ( Games 1 and 2 at home for the higher seeded team , Games 3 and 4 at home for the lower seeded team , Game 5 at the higher , Game 6 at the lower , and Game 7 at the higher ) . The series began on June 5 , 2014 , and ended on June 15 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 2012 , 2013 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cleveland Cavaliers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland_Cavaliers', 'summary': "The Cleveland Cavaliers , often referred to as the Cavs , are an American professional basketball team based in Cleveland . The Cavaliers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team began play as an expansion team in 1970 , along with the Portland Trail Blazers and Buffalo Braves . Home games were first held at Cleveland Arena from 1970 to 1974 , followed by the Richfield Coliseum from 1974 to 1994 . Since 1994 , the Cavs have played home games at Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse in downtown Cleveland , which is shared with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League . Dan Gilbert has owned the team since March 2005 . The Cavaliers opened their inaugural season losing their first 15 games and struggled in their early years , placing no better than sixth in the Eastern Conference during their first five seasons . The team won their first Central Division title in 1976 , which also marked the first winning season and playoff appearance in franchise history , where they advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals . The franchise was purchased by Ted Stepien in 1980 . Stepien 's tenure as owner was marked by six coaching changes , questionable trades and draft decisions , and poor attendance , leading to $ 15 million in financial losses . The Cavs went 66-180 in that time and endured a 24-game losing streak spanning the 1981-82 and 1982-83 seasons . George and Gordon Gund purchased the franchise in 1983 ."}]}, {'value': '2015 - 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2015 NBA Finals was the championship series of the 2014-15 season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors defeated the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers in six games ( 4-2 ) for the Warriors ' first title in 40 years and their fourth in franchise history , becoming the first team since the 1990-91 Chicago Bulls to win a championship without any prior Finals experience from any player on their roster . Golden State 's Andre Iguodala was named the Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . The Warriors were led by 2014-15 NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Stephen Curry , while the Cavaliers featured four-time league MVP LeBron James . Both teams entered the series with title droughts of four decades , with the Cavaliers having never won a title since their 1970-71 inception and the Warriors ' last title having been in 1975 . This was also the first time that both participating teams had first-year head coaches since the inaugural league finals in 1947 , when the NBA was known as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . It was the fifth consecutive finals appearance for James who played for the Miami Heat the previous four seasons , making him the first NBA player since the Boston Celtics dynasty of the 1960s to achieve this accomplishment . James also became the first player in NBA Finals history to lead both teams in points , assists , and rebounds for the entire series . He averaged 35.8 points , 13.3 rebounds , and 8.8 assists for the series , although he shot 39.8% throughout the series . Kevin Love missed the entire series due to an injury , and Kyrie Irving missed the final five games of the series due to an injury in Game 1 . For the second straight year , the Finals was played in the 2-2-1-1-1 format ( Games 1 , 2 , and 5 were at Golden State , games 3 , 4 , and 6 were at Cleveland . Had it been necessary , Game 7 would have been held at Golden State ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2018_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2018 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 2017-18 season and conclusion of the season 's playoffs . In this best-of-seven playoff , the defending NBA champions and Western Conference champions Golden State Warriors swept the defending Eastern Conference champions Cleveland Cavaliers four games to zero . This year 's Finals was the first time in any of North America 's four major professional sports leagues that the same two teams met for the championship four years in a row . This was also the first time that a team was swept in the NBA Finals since 2007 , in which the Cavaliers were also the losing team . LeBron James , in his eighth consecutive NBA Finals appearance and ninth appearance overall , suffered the second Finals sweep of his career , having also played in the 2007 Finals . Warriors small forward Kevin Durant was named NBA Finals MVP for the second straight year . The Warriors entered the series having home-court advantage with a regular season record of 58-24 , compared to the Cavaliers ' regular season record of 50-32 . Entering the matchup , the Warriors were also noted by various sports media outlets as one of the biggest NBA Finals favorites in recent history , drawing some comparisons to the 2001 Finals , where the Los Angeles Lakers , led by Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal , were heavily favored over the Philadelphia 76ers , led by Allen Iverson . The Lakers would go on to win the Finals four games to one . This was the first time since 2012 that the Finals did not feature either of the top seeds in each conference . The 2018 Finals began on May 31 and ended on June 8 . The series broke the record set by the 2014 NBA Finals for highest average scoring differential per game ( 15.0 ) for an NBA Finals series ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 2016 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Knicks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Knicks', 'summary': "The New York Knickerbockers , more commonly referred to as the Knicks , are an American professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Manhattan . The Knicks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden , an arena they share with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . They are one of two NBA teams located in New York City ; the other team is the Brooklyn Nets . Alongside the Boston Celtics , the Knicks are one of two original NBA teams still located in its original city . The team , established by Ned Irish in 1946 , was one of the founding members of the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , which became the NBA after merging with the rival National Basketball League ( NBL ) in 1949 . The Knicks were successful during their early years and were constant playoff contenders under the franchise 's first head coach Joe Lapchick . Beginning in 1950 , the Knicks made three consecutive appearances in the NBA Finals , all of which were losing efforts . Lapchick resigned in 1956 and the team subsequently began to falter . It was not until the late 1960s when Red Holzman became the head coach that the Knicks began to regain their former dominance . Holzman successfully guided the Knicks to two NBA championships , in 1970 and 1973 . The Knicks of the 1980s had mixed success that included six playoff appearances ; however , they failed to participate in the NBA Finals ."}]}, {'value': '1951 - 1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1951_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 1951 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1951 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the National Basketball Association 1950-51 season . The Western Division champion Rochester Royals faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Rochester having home-court advantage . Rochester won the first three games , two at home , but New York won the next three , two at home . It was the first BAA or NBA Finals ( spanning 1947 to 1951 ) [ a ] that extended to a seventh-game conclusion , a 4-point win by Rochester at home on Saturday , April 21 . The seven games were played in fifteen days , beginning Saturday and Sunday , April 7 and 8 , in Rochester and incorporating one game in Rochester on each following weekend . Three Wednesday or Friday games were played in New York City . The entire postseason tournament spanned 33 days in which both Rochester and New York played 14 games . The Royals appeared in their first NBA finals by defeating the Fort Wayne Pistons in the semifinals and the two-time defending champion Minneapolis Lakers in the division finals while the Knicks defeated the Boston Celtics in the semifinals and the Syracuse Nationals in the division finals . This was the first finals appearance for both teams , and the first Finals with two teams that had not made a finals appearance since the 1947 BAA Finals'}, {'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1953 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1953 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the National Basketball Association 1952-53 season . The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage . By winning four games to one , the Lakers won their fifth title in six years dating from 1948 , the club 's final season in the National Basketball League . The five games were played in seven days , beginning Saturday and Sunday , April 4 and 5 , in Minneapolis and concluding there on the following Friday . Meanwhile , two mid-week games were played in New York City . The entire postseason tournament spanned 25 days in which Minneapolis played 12 games , New York 11 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minneapolis Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minneapolis_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '1952 - 1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1952_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 1952 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1952 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the National Basketball Association 1951-52 season . The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion New York Knicks in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage . Minneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories , Minneapolis winning the decisive game by a 17-point margin at home on Friday , April 25 . The seven games were played in fourteen days , beginning Saturday and Sunday , April 12 and 13 , in Minneapolis and returning to Minneapolis for games five and seven on the following Saturday and Friday . Meanwhile , three Wednesday or Friday games were played in New York City . The entire postseason tournament spanned 39 days in which Minneapolis played 13 games and New York 14 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1954 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the National Basketball Association 1953-54 season . The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage . The Lakers won their third consecutive NBA championship and their fifth title in seven years dating from 1948 , the club 's final season as a member of the National Basketball League . Minneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories , with the Lakers winning the decisive game by a seven-point margin at home . The seven games were played in thirteen days , beginning Wednesday , March 31 and concluding Monday , April 12 . The entire postseason tournament spanned 28 days in which both Minneapolis and Syracuse played 13 games ."}]}, {'value': '3 ( 1952-1954 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '1968 - 1970', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 1968 NBA World Championship Series pitted the Boston Celtics from the East , against the Los Angeles Lakers from the West , for the sixth time in ten years . The Celtics won their tenth NBA Championship in twelve seasons , by defeating the Lakers in six games . Significantly , Game 6 of the 1968 NBA Finals marked the first time that any NBA competition had taken place during the month of May .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1970_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1970 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1970 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the 1969-70 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season . The Eastern Division champion New York Knicks defeated the Western Division champion Los Angeles Lakers in a best-of-seven series 4 games to 3 for their first NBA title . The Knicks appeared to have a see-saw Game 3 won when Dave DeBusschere made a shot with three seconds left to give New York a 102-100 edge , and the Lakers were stuck with no time outs . L.A. inbounded to Mr . Clutch , Jerry West , who launched and made a miracle shot from beyond midcourt . It counted only for two points , as only the ABA had a three-point shot at the time , so the game went to overtime , and the Knicks were able to win , 111-108 . The final game of the series was named by ESPN in 2010 as the greatest Game 7 in finals history , featuring a return from injury for Willis Reed . Reed 's most famous performance took place on May 8 , 1970 in Game 7 played at Madison Square Garden . Due to a severe thigh injury suffered in Game 5 , a torn muscle that kept him out of Game 6 , he was considered unlikely to play in Game 7 . Yet Reed surprised the fans by walking onto the court during warmups , prompting widespread applause . Starting the game , he scored the Knicks ' first two field goals on his first two shot attempts , his only points of the game . He then played defense on Wilt Chamberlain , limiting him to two shots made in nine attempts ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '1987 - 1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1987 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1986-87 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference and defending NBA champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 . The key moment of the series was Magic Johnson 's junior sky hook in Game 4 . This was the tenth time that the Celtics and Lakers met in the NBA Finals ( more than any other Finals matchup ) . It would be the Celtics ' last Finals appearance until the two teams met in 2008 . This was the first NBA Championship Series conducted entirely in June . The last time there were no NBA Championship Series games in May was in the 1970-1971 season , when the finals ( a four-game sweep that year ) ended on April 30 . It is also the first NBA Finals series to be conducted on a Sunday-Tuesday-Thursday rotation , which was in use until 1990 and revived since the 2004 NBA Finals ; in between the NBA Finals were conducted on a Sunday-Wednesday-Friday rotation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1989_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1989 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1988-89 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , and the conclusion of the 1989 NBA Playoffs . The series was a rematch of the previous year 's championship round between the Eastern Conference playoff champion Detroit Pistons and the Western Conference playoff champion Los Angeles Lakers . During the season , the Lakers had won their division , with Magic Johnson collecting his second MVP award . The team swept the first three playoff series ( Pacific Division foes : Portland , Seattle , and Phoenix ) , resulting in a rematch with the Detroit Pistons in the Finals . However , starting off guard Byron Scott suffered a hamstring injury in practice before Game 1 and was ruled out of the series . Then with the Lakers leading early in game 2 , Magic Johnson pulled his hamstring and would also be out of the series . The Lakers had won two straight NBA championships in 1987 and 1988 but without their starting backcourt , their chances were doomed for a 3-peat . The Pistons had dominated the Eastern Conference , winning 63 games during the regular season . After sweeping the Boston Celtics and Milwaukee Bucks , the Pistons beat the Chicago Bulls in six games , earning a second straight trip to the NBA Finals . In the season before , the Lakers had beaten them in a tough , seven-game series . The Pistons won the series in a four-game sweep , marking the first time a team ( Lakers ) had swept the first three rounds of the playoffs , only to be swept in the finals . As of today , the Pistons are the most recent Eastern Conference team to sweep an NBA finals ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1987 , 1988 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Pistons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Pistons', 'summary': "The Detroit Pistons are an American professional basketball team based in Detroit , Michigan . The Pistons compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division and plays its home games at Little Caesars Arena , located in Midtown . The team was founded in Fort Wayne , Indiana as the Fort Wayne ( Zollner ) Pistons in 1941 , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) where it won two NBL championships : in 1944 and 1945 . The Pistons later joined the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) in 1948 . The NBL and BAA merged to become the NBA in 1949 , and the Pistons became part of the merged league . In 1957 , the franchise moved to Detroit . The Pistons have won three NBA championships : in 1989 , 1990 and 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '1988 - 1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1988 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1987-88 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons 4 games to 3 . One of Los Angeles Lakers head coach Pat Riley 's most famous moments came when he promised the crowd a repeat championship during the Lakers ' 1986-87 championship parade in downtown Los Angeles . With every team in the league now gunning for them , the Los Angeles Lakers still found a way to win , taking their seventh consecutive Pacific Division title . While the 1988 Lakers did not produce as many wins in the regular season as the 1987 Lakers , they were just as successful in the playoffs , becoming the first team in 19 years to repeat as champions . The Lakers met the physical Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals . One of Pistons guard Isiah Thomas 's career-defining performances came in Game 6 . Despite badly twisting his ankle midway through the period , Thomas scored an NBA Finals record 25 third-quarter points , as Detroit fell valiantly , 103-102 , to the Lakers at the Forum . Thomas still managed to score 10 first-half points in Game 7 , as Detroit built a 5-point lead . In the 3rd quarter , the Lakers , inspired by Finals MVP James Worthy and Byron Scott ( 14 3rd-quarter points ) , exploded as they built a 10-point lead entering the final period . The lead swelled to 15 before Detroit mounted a furious 4th-quarter rally , trimming the lead to two points on several occasions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1990 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1989-90 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The series pitted the Eastern Conference playoff champion Detroit Pistons ( the previous year 's champions ) against the Western Conference playoff champion Portland Trail Blazers . This was the first NBA Finals since 1979 not to involve either the Los Angeles Lakers or the Boston Celtics . The Pistons became just the third franchise in NBA history to win back-to-back championships , joining the Lakers and Celtics ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1989 , 1990 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Bulls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Bulls', 'summary': "The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago . The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team was founded on January 16 , 1966 and played its first game later that year . The Bulls play their home games at the United Center , an arena on Chicago 's west side shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s when they played a major part in popularizing the NBA worldwide . They are known for having one of the NBA 's greatest dynasties , winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats . All six of their championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan , Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson . The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships while never losing an NBA Finals series in their history . The Bulls won 72 games during the 1995-96 NBA season , setting an NBA record that stood until the Golden State Warriors won 73 games during the 2015-16 NBA season . The Bulls were the first team in NBA history to win 70 games or more in a single season , and the only NBA franchise to do so until the 2015-16 Warriors . Michael Jordan and Derrick Rose have both won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award while playing for the Bulls , for a total of six MVP awards . The Bulls share rivalries with the Cleveland Cavaliers , Detroit Pistons , Miami Heat and the New York Knicks ."}]}, {'value': '1991 - 1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1991 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1990-91 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . It was also the first NBA Finals broadcast by NBC after 17 years with CBS . The Eastern Conference playoff champion Chicago Bulls took on the Western Conference playoff champion Los Angeles Lakers for the title , with Chicago having home court advantage . It was Michael Jordan 's first NBA Finals appearance , Magic Johnson 's last , and the last NBA Finals for the Lakers until 2000 . The Bulls would win the series , 4-1 . Jordan averaged 31.2 points on 56% shooting , 11.4 assists , 6.6 rebounds , 2.8 steals and 1.4 blocks en route to his first NBA Finals MVP Award . The series was not the first time that the Bulls and Lakers faced off in the playoffs . Prior to 1991 , they met for four postseason series ( 1968 , 1971 , 1972 and 1973 ) , all Lakers victories . Chicago was a member of the Western Conference at the time and moved into the East in 1981 . The 1991 Finals marked the first time the Bulls defeated the Lakers in a playoff series . This series would mark the end of the Lakers Showtime era and the beginning of the Bulls ' dynasty . After winning five championships in eight finals appearances in the 1980s , the Lakers would struggle for the rest of the 1990s before winning five championships between the 2000-2002 and 2009-2010 seasons ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1993 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1992-93 NBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . It featured the Eastern Conference playoff champion Chicago Bulls , led by Michael Jordan , and the Western Conference playoff champion Phoenix Suns , winners of 62 games and led by regular season MVP Charles Barkley . The Bulls became the first team since the legendary Boston Celtics of the 1960s to win three consecutive championship titles , clinching the three-peat with John Paxson 's game-winning 3-pointer that gave them a 99-98 victory in Game 6 . Remarkably , the away team won every game except for Chicago 's win at home in Game 4 ."}]}, {'value': '3 ( 1991-1993 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Bulls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Bulls', 'summary': "The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago . The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team was founded on January 16 , 1966 and played its first game later that year . The Bulls play their home games at the United Center , an arena on Chicago 's west side shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s when they played a major part in popularizing the NBA worldwide . They are known for having one of the NBA 's greatest dynasties , winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats . All six of their championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan , Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson . The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships while never losing an NBA Finals series in their history . The Bulls won 72 games during the 1995-96 NBA season , setting an NBA record that stood until the Golden State Warriors won 73 games during the 2015-16 NBA season . The Bulls were the first team in NBA history to win 70 games or more in a single season , and the only NBA franchise to do so until the 2015-16 Warriors . Michael Jordan and Derrick Rose have both won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award while playing for the Bulls , for a total of six MVP awards . The Bulls share rivalries with the Cleveland Cavaliers , Detroit Pistons , Miami Heat and the New York Knicks ."}]}, {'value': '1996 - 1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1996 NBA Finals was the championship series of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1995-96 season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Seattle SuperSonics ( 64-18 ) played the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls ( 72-10 ) , with the Bulls holding home court advantage . The teams ' 136 combined regular season wins shattered the previous record of 125 , set in 1985 between the Los Angeles Lakers who won 62 games and the Boston Celtics who won 63 games in the past regular season . The series was played under a best-of-seven format . This was the first championship in the Chicago Bulls second three-peat . Chicago won the series 4 games to 2 . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . NBC Sports used Ahmad Rashād ( Bulls sideline ) and Hannah Storm ( SuperSonics sideline ) . Hal Douglas narrated the season-ending documentary Unstoppabulls for NBA Entertainment . This was the 50th NBA Finals played ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1998_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1998 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1998 playoffs of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the 1997-98 NBA season . The Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls played against the Western Conference champion Utah Jazz , with the Jazz holding home-court advantage for the first 2 games in Salt Lake City . In a repeat of the previous year 's Finals , the Bulls won the series 4 games to 2 for their third consecutive NBA title and their sixth in eight seasons . Michael Jordan was voted the NBA Finals MVP of the series ( he also had won the award the last five times the Bulls won the Finals : 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) . This would be his sixth NBA championship and sixth Finals MVP award in six full basketball seasons . This would be his final season of winning the NBA championship and Finals MVP . The 1998 Finals garnered the highest Nielsen TV ratings in NBA history at 18.7 , and even surpassed the Nielsen ratings for the 1998 World Series , marking the first time the NBA had a higher rating in its championship round than of Major League Baseball 's championship round . Until 2012 , this was the most recent final played entirely outside of either Texas or California . Until 2014 , it was the last consecutive Finals rematch between two teams ."}]}, {'value': '3 ( 1996-1998 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '2000 - 2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2000 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 1999-2000 season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 2 . Lakers center Shaquille O'Neal was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) of the series , his first of three consecutive honors . The series was played under a best-of-seven format , with the Lakers holding home court advantage . Until 2008 , this was the most recent NBA Finals where both number one seeds from both conferences faced off in the finals ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2002_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001-02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets , four games to none , to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship and third consecutive NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC - the last NBA games broadcast on the network to date . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 ."}]}, {'value': '3 ( 2000-2002 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '2008 - 2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2008 NBA Finals were held June 5 through June 17 , 2008 , to decide the winner of the 2007-08 NBA season , and conclude the season 's playoffs . The Boston Celtics , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the Los Angeles Lakers , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , four games to two in a best-of-seven series . This was Boston 's first title since 1986 during the Larry Bird era and 17th overall . 2008 marked the first time since 2000 that the top seeds from both conferences met in the Finals and the first time since 2003 that any top seeded team played in the NBA finals . The Lakers appeared in the Finals for the first time since 2004 and a record 29th time overall . The Celtics appeared in the Finals for the first time since 1987 and second-best 20th time overall . The 2008 Boston Celtics championship team was famously led by the organization 's Big 3 in Paul Pierce , Ray Allen , and Kevin Garnett . Prior to acquiring Allen from the Seattle SuperSonics and Garnett from the Minnesota Timberwolves in a blockbuster 7-to-1 player trade , Boston had won just 24 of its 82 games in the 2006-07 NBA regular season . The formation of the All-Star trifecta in the summer of 2007 positioned the new-look Celtics as a popular favorite to win the 2008 NBA Finals . Going into the series , the Celtics had won the most championships of all-time with 16 , and the Lakers were second with 14 . The two most successful teams in NBA history looked to renew a longstanding rivalry 21 years after their last Finals meeting in 1987 . They narrowly missed meeting each other in 2002 , when the Lakers advanced to the Finals , but the Celtics , who led 2-1 in the Conference Finals , eventually fell to the favored New Jersey Nets 4-2 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2010_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2010 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2009-10 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics . The Lakers defeated the Celtics , four games to three , to win the franchise 's 16th NBA championship . The 64th edition of the championship series was played between June 3 and June 17 , was broadcast on ABC , and was watched by an average of 18.1 million people . The Celtics earned their berth into the playoffs by winning the Atlantic Division . The Lakers won the Pacific Division to earn their berth . The Celtics reached the NBA Finals by defeating the Miami Heat in the best-of-seven Eastern Conference First Round , the Cleveland Cavaliers in the best-of-seven Eastern Conference Semifinals , and defending Eastern conference champion Orlando Magic in the best-of-seven Eastern Conference Finals . The Lakers reached the NBA Finals by defeating the Oklahoma City Thunder in the best-of-seven Western Conference First Round , the Utah Jazz in the best-of-seven Western Conference Semifinals , and the Phoenix Suns in the best-of-seven Western Conference Finals . The NBA Finals were scheduled in the Major League Baseball World Series 2-3-2 seven game format , with the Lakers possessing home-court advantage as a reward for finishing with better regular season record than the Celtics . Repeated baskets from starters Kobe Bryant , Pau Gasol , and Ron Artest brought the Lakers close to victory in Game 1 . A record breaking performance from Ray Allen 's eight three-point baskets ensured the Celtics a Game 2 win . Derek Fishers 11 points in the fourth quarter helped the Lakers win Game 3 ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 2009 , 2010 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Warriors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Warriors', 'summary': "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in San Francisco . The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . Founded in 1946 in Philadelphia , the Warriors moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1962 and took the city 's name , before changing its geographic moniker to Golden State in 1971 . [ b ] They play their home games at the Chase Center . The Warriors won the inaugural Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) championship in 1947 , [ c ] and won again in 1956 , led by Hall of Fame trio Paul Arizin , Tom Gola , and Neil Johnston . After a brief rebuilding period after the trade of star Wilt Chamberlain , the team moved to San Francisco . In 1975 , star players Jamaal Wilkes and Rick Barry powered the Warriors to their third championship , largely considered one of the biggest upsets in NBA history . The team struggled in the 1980s , then became playoff regulars at the turn of the decade with stars Tim Hardaway , Mitch Richmond , and Chris Mullin , nicknamed Run TMC . The team returned to championship glory in 2015 , led by Stephen Curry , Klay Thompson , and Draymond Green ; they won again in 2017 and 2018 , with the help of former MVP Kevin Durant . Nicknamed the Dubs as a shortening of W 's , the Warriors hold several NBA records : best regular season , most wins in a season ( regular season and postseason combined ) , and best postseason run . Curry and Thompson are among the greatest backcourts of all time . Only the Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics have more NBA championships ."}]}, {'value': '1947 - 1948', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1947_BAA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1947 BAA Finals was the championship round of playoffs following the inaugural Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) 's 1946-47 season . The Philadelphia Warriors of the Eastern Division faced the Chicago Stags of the Western Division for the inaugural championship , with Philadelphia having home court advantage . Hall of Fame inductee Joe Fulks played for the Warriors in the series . Following the 1948-49 season ( the BAA 's third season of play ) , the BAA and the National Basketball League merged to create the National Basketball Association ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1948_BAA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1948 BAA Finals was the championship round of the Basketball Association of America 's 1947-48 season . ( Following its third , 1948-49 season , the BAA and National Basketball League merged to create the National Basketball Association or NBA . ) The Philadelphia Warriors of the Eastern Division faced the Baltimore Bullets of the Western Division , with Philadelphia having home court advantage . Baltimore was not the Western Division champion but advanced to the championship round by winning a four-team playoff among the Eastern and Western Division runners-up . Meanwhile , the Eastern and Western Division champions , Philadelphia Warriors and St. Louis Bombers , played one long series to determine the other finalist , a best-of-seven series that Philadelphia won 4-3 . In the runners-up bracket , Baltimore and Chicago from the West had first eliminated New York and Boston from the East , then faced each other in a best-of-three series . The format was used only twice , in 1947 and 1948 , and generated two champions from the runners-up bracket . The six games of the final series were played in twelve days , with at least one day off except prior to the decisive game . Division champions Philadelphia and St. Louis had played the seven games of their semifinal series in fifteen days , March 23 to April 6 , with at least one day off before every game . The entire playoff tournament extended 30 days ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1947 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minneapolis Lakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minneapolis_Lakers', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference in the Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , the second-most behind the Boston Celtics . The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America , where they would win five of the next six championships , led by star George Mikan . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960-61 season . Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain , and won their sixth NBA title - and first in Los Angeles - in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who also won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed Showtime due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson ."}]}, {'value': '1949 - 1950', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1949_BAA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1949 BAA Finals was the championship round following the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) 's 1948-49 season , its third and last . Later that year the BAA and National Basketball League merged to create the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . 6'10 George Mikan and the Minneapolis Lakers proved dominant . They routed the Washington Capitols in six games . This was the first of several successive NBA titles for the Lakers . It was the beginning of the George Mikan and the Lakers Dynasty . The six games of the final series were played in ten days - Monday , April 4 , to Wednesday , April 13 - with one day off except after game three , the first of three played in Washington ( Minneapolis led 3-0 ) . Prior to its start , however , Minneapolis had been idle for five days , having qualified on the preceding Tuesday ; Washington idle for only one day , having qualified on Saturday . The entire playoff tournament extended 23 days . This is the earliest NBA championship with a living player , Arnie Ferrin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1950_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1950 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the inaugural National Basketball Association 1949-50 season . The Central Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Syracuse having home-court advantage . The NBA recognizes three preceding Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) seasons as part of its own history , and thus presents the 1950 Finals as its fourth championship series . Minneapolis had won the 1949 BAA Finals and its 1950 win over Syracuse is officially the Lakers second of five titles in Minneapolis . In the event , six games were played in sixteen days , beginning Saturday and Sunday , April 8 and 9 , in Syracuse and incorporating two subsequent Sunday games in Minneapolis . Counting a Central Division tiebreaker played on Monday , March 20 , the entire postseason tournament spanned five full weeks to Sunday , April 23 . The NBA was arranged in three divisions ( for its first season only ) and the first two rounds of the 1950 NBA Playoffs generated three Division champions . With the league 's best regular season record , Syracuse had earned a place in the Finals by winning the Eastern Division title on the preceding Sunday , and had been five days idle while the Central and Western champions had played a best-of-three series mid-week . In Game 1 , The Lakers won on a buzzer beating shot by sub Bob Tiger Harrison , the first known case of a buzzer beater in the Finals . 6 ' 8 Dolph Schayes of Syracuse led his team out to the finals after a 16.8 ppg average during the regular season . George Mikan , however , averaged 27.4 ppg and led the league . Mikan would lead the Lakers past Syracuse in six games ."}]}, {'value': '2 ( 1949 , 1950 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Syracuse Nationals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syracuse_Nationals', 'summary': "The Philadelphia 76ers ( also commonly known as the Sixers ) are an American professional basketball team based in Philadelphia . The 76ers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division and play at Wells Fargo Center . Founded in 1946 and originally known as the Syracuse Nationals , they are one of the oldest franchises in the NBA , and one of only eight ( out of 23 ) to survive the league 's first decade . The 76ers have had a prominent history , with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization , including Wilt Chamberlain , Hal Greer , Billy Cunningham , Julius Erving , Andrew Toney , Moses Malone , Charles Barkley , and Allen Iverson . They have won three NBA championships , with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955 . The second title came in 1967 , a team which was led by Chamberlain . The third title came in 1983 , won by a team led by Erving and Malone . The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then : in 2001 , where they were led by Iverson and lost to the Los Angeles Lakers in five games ."}]}, {'value': '1954 - 1955', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1954 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954 NBA Playoffs , which concluded the National Basketball Association 1953-54 season . The Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers faced the Eastern Division champion Syracuse Nationals in a best-of-seven series with Minneapolis having home-court advantage . The Lakers won their third consecutive NBA championship and their fifth title in seven years dating from 1948 , the club 's final season as a member of the National Basketball League . Minneapolis won game one and the teams thereafter alternated victories , with the Lakers winning the decisive game by a seven-point margin at home . The seven games were played in thirteen days , beginning Wednesday , March 31 and concluding Monday , April 12 . The entire postseason tournament spanned 28 days in which both Minneapolis and Syracuse played 13 games ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1955_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1955 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954-55 NBA season . The best-of-seven series was won by the Syracuse Nationals , who defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons in the final game when Syracuse 's George King made a free throw with 12 seconds left to put the Nationals up 92-91 . King then stole the ball from Fort Wayne 's Andy Phillip with three seconds remaining to clinch the victory for Syracuse . Because of the arena not believing Fort Wayne would make the NBA Finals , the arena was booked and not available , and the Fort Wayne home games were played in Indianapolis . It has been alleged that some Fort Wayne players conspired with gamblers to throw the series to Syracuse . The suspicious nature of the seventh game in particular has raised concerns about the legitimacy of the series . Fort Wayne led Syracuse 41-24 early in the second quarter , then allowed the Nationals to rally to win the game . Andy Phillip , who turned the ball over with three seconds left in the game , was believed by at least one of his teammates , George Yardley , to have thrown the game . There were always unwholesome implications about that ball game , Yardley told the author Charley Rosen . However , Phillip may not have acted alone . Other Pistons players were strongly believed to have thrown games during the 1954 and 1955 NBA seasons . In fact , Yardley himself turned the ball over to Syracuse with a palming violation with 18 seconds remaining in Game 7 ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1955 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Wayne Pistons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Wayne_Pistons', 'summary': "The Detroit Pistons are an American professional basketball team based in Detroit , Michigan . The Pistons compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division and plays its home games at Little Caesars Arena , located in Midtown . The team was founded in Fort Wayne , Indiana as the Fort Wayne ( Zollner ) Pistons in 1941 , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) where it won two NBL championships : in 1944 and 1945 . The Pistons later joined the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) in 1948 . The NBL and BAA merged to become the NBA in 1949 , and the Pistons became part of the merged league . In 1957 , the franchise moved to Detroit . The Pistons have won three NBA championships : in 1989 , 1990 and 2004 ."}]}, {'value': '1955 - 1956', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1955_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1955 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954-55 NBA season . The best-of-seven series was won by the Syracuse Nationals , who defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons in the final game when Syracuse 's George King made a free throw with 12 seconds left to put the Nationals up 92-91 . King then stole the ball from Fort Wayne 's Andy Phillip with three seconds remaining to clinch the victory for Syracuse . Because of the arena not believing Fort Wayne would make the NBA Finals , the arena was booked and not available , and the Fort Wayne home games were played in Indianapolis . It has been alleged that some Fort Wayne players conspired with gamblers to throw the series to Syracuse . The suspicious nature of the seventh game in particular has raised concerns about the legitimacy of the series . Fort Wayne led Syracuse 41-24 early in the second quarter , then allowed the Nationals to rally to win the game . Andy Phillip , who turned the ball over with three seconds left in the game , was believed by at least one of his teammates , George Yardley , to have thrown the game . There were always unwholesome implications about that ball game , Yardley told the author Charley Rosen . However , Phillip may not have acted alone . Other Pistons players were strongly believed to have thrown games during the 1954 and 1955 NBA seasons . In fact , Yardley himself turned the ball over to Syracuse with a palming violation with 18 seconds remaining in Game 7 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1956_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 1956 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series played at the conclusion of the 1955-56 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season . The Philadelphia Warriors defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons four games to one . The series is notable for being one of only two Finals in which the two teams alternated home games , the other being in 1971 .'}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1956 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 seasons', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Louis Hawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Hawks', 'summary': "The Atlanta Hawks are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta . The Hawks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team plays its home games at State Farm Arena . The team 's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Buffalo Bisons in 1946 in Buffalo , New York , a member of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) owned by Ben Kerner and Leo Ferris . After 38 days in Buffalo , the team moved to Moline , Illinois , where they were renamed the Tri-Cities Blackhawks . In 1949 , they joined the NBA as part of the merger between the NBL and the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and briefly had Red Auerbach as coach . In 1951 , Kerner moved the team to Milwaukee , where they changed their name to the Hawks . Kerner and the team moved again in 1955 to St. Louis , where they won their only NBA Championship in 1958 and qualified to play in the NBA Finals in 1957 , 1960 and 1961 . The Hawks played the Boston Celtics in all four of their trips to the NBA Finals . The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968 , when Kerner sold the franchise to Thomas Cousins and former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders . The Hawks currently own the second-longest drought ( behind the Sacramento Kings ) of not winning an NBA championship at 60 seasons . The franchise 's lone NBA championship , as well as all four NBA Finals appearances , occurred when the team was based in St. Louis ."}]}, {'value': '1957 - 1958', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_NBA_Finals', 'summary': 'The 1957 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1956-57 National Basketball Association season , and was the conclusion of the 1957 NBA Playoffs . The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics . This was the first trip to the Finals for each team , the first Finals in which both teams competing were making their first appearances since 1951 . The Celtics won the series over the Hawks , 4-3 . It remains the only Game 7 in NBA history to be decided in double-overtime .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1958_NBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1958 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series for the 1957-58 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , and the culmination of the season 's playoffs . It pitted the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks against the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics . The Hawks won the series in six games to win the franchise 's first and only NBA title ."}]}, {'value': '1 ( 1958 )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'All-time streaks -- NBA Finals appearance streaks', 'section_text': 'Appearance streaks updated through 2019 NBA Playoffs .', 'uid': 'List_of_NBA_franchise_post-season_streaks_4', 'intro': "This is a list of National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise post-season appearance streaks. This list includes the all-time and the active consecutive playoffs appearance. Aside from the NBA Playoff appearance streaks, this list also includes the NBA Finals appearance streak and the NBA championships win streak. On March 24, 1971, the Philadelphia 76ers (formerly known as the Syracuse Nationals) set an NBA record of 22 consecutive playoff appearances in the time between the 1950 NBA Playoffs and the 1971 NBA Playoffs. The 76ers won two NBA championships during their streak. As of 2019, the San Antonio Spurs are tied for the NBA record of 22 consecutive playoff appearances. The Spurs' streak started in the 1998 NBA Playoffs and is, as of 2019, the longest active playoff streak in any major North American sports league. The Spurs have won five NBA championships during their streak. The Boston Celtics hold the longest consecutive NBA Finals appearance streak with ten appearances between 1957 and 1966. During the streak, the Celtics won eight consecutive NBA championships - also an NBA record."}
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What is the name of the stadium that the team with a post-season streak from 2016 plays at ?
Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse
fecc10dc50c0cc0e
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_A_Lyga', 'title': '2011 A Lyga', 'header': ['Club', 'Location', 'Stadium', '2010 season'], 'data': [{'value': 'Atlantas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Atlantas', 'summary': "FK Atlantas is a Lithuanian football team from the port city of Klaipėda . The team currently plays in A Lyga , the first level of the Lithuanian football league pyramid . The club 's name has changed several times . It was established in 1962 as Granitas , and became PSK Aras in 1993 . Since 1996 , when FK Sirijus Klaipėda was absorbed into the club , it has had the name Atlantas , which in Lithuanian language means Atlantic Ocean . Atlantas were Lithuanian champions in 1978 , 1980 , 1981 , and 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Klaipėda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Klaipėda', 'summary': 'Klaipėda ( Lithuanian pronunciation : [ ˈkɫɐɪˑpʲeːdɐ ] , listen ( help·info ) ; German : Memel , Samogitian : Klaipieda , is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast . It is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaipėda County . The city has a complex recorded history , partially due to the combined regional importance of the usually ice-free Port of Klaipėda at the mouth of the Akmena-Danė River . It was controlled by successive German states until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles . As a result of the 1923 Klaipėda Revolt it was annexed by Lithuania and has remained with Lithuania to this day , except between 1939 and 1945 when it returned to Germany following the 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania and Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ( between Germany and the Soviet Union ) . The population has shrunk from the city to its suburbs and the hinterland . The number of inhabitants of Klaipėda city shrank from 207,100 in 1992 to 157,350 in 2014 , but the urban zone of Klaipėda expanded well into the suburbs , which sprang around the city and surrounded it from three sides . These are well integrated with the city ( city bus lines , city water supply , etc . ) and the majority of inhabitants of these suburbs work in Klaipėda . According to statistics of Klaipėda territorial health insurance fund , there are 233,311 permanent inhabitants ( as of 2019 ) in Klaipėda city and Klaipėda district municipalities combined . Popular seaside resorts found close to Klaipėda are Nida to the south on the Curonian Spit and Palanga to the north .'}]}, {'value': 'Žalgiris Stadium ( Klaipėda )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Žalgiris_Stadium_(Klaipėda)', 'summary': 'Klaipėdos centrinis stadionas is a football stadium in Klaipėda , Lithuania . It is the home ground of FK Atlantas , and has a capacity of 4,428 .'}]}, {'value': 'I Lyga , 7th', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I_Lyga', 'summary': 'The I Lyga , LFF I Lyga , Pirma Lyga , is the second level of professional Lithuanian football championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Banga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Banga_Gargždai', 'summary': 'FK Banga Gargždai is a Lithuanian football club from the city of Gargždai .'}]}, {'value': 'Gargždai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gargždai', 'summary': 'Gargždai ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in western Lithuania located in Klaipėda County . The Minija River flows through the city . Gargždai Stadium is its main sports venue . Gargždai is the Lithuanian name of the city . Versions of the name in other languages include Polish : Gorżdy , Russian : Горжды Gorzhdy , Belarusian : Го́ржды Horzhdy , Yiddish : גורזד Gorzhd , German : Garsden , Latvian : Gargždi .'}]}, {'value': 'Gargždai Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gargždai_Stadium', 'summary': 'Gargždai Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Gargždai , Lithuania . It is mostly used for football matches and hosts the home games of the team , FK Banga Gargždai , of the A Lyga . The capacity of the stadium is 2,323 spectators .'}]}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 6th', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_A_Lyga', 'summary': 'The 2010 Lithuanian A Lyga was the 21st season of top-tier football in Lithuania . The season began on 20 March 2010 and ended on 14 November 2010 . Ekranas were the defending champions and retained the title . This was their sixth league title and third in a row .'}]}, {'value': 'Dainava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Dainava_Alytus', 'summary': 'FK Dainava was a Lithuanian football club from Alytus . The club was established in 1935 as FK Alytis , before being renamed FK Dainava after a merger with FK Vidzgiris Alytus in December 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Alytus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alytus', 'summary': 'Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania . It is the capital of Alytus County . Its population in 2013 was 57,281 . Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region . The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River . The major roads linking Vilnius , Kaunas , Lazdijai ( border with Poland ) , and Hrodna in Belarus pass through Alytus . Divided onto two separate entities for centuries , it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II , the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks , microdistricts and industrial areas .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'I Lyga , 2nd/3rd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I_Lyga', 'summary': 'The I Lyga , LFF I Lyga , Pirma Lyga , is the second level of professional Lithuanian football championship .'}]}, {'value': 'Ekranas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Ekranas', 'summary': "Futbolo Klubas Ekranas was a Lithuanian football club , from the city of Panevėžys . It won 7 top-tier champion and 5 national cup titles throughout its existence . The club was founded in 1964 and for 44 years competed in the top tier of Lithuanian football . However , at the end of 2014 season the club ran into financial difficulties , failed to meet admission criteria to A Lyga for the 2015 season , and was subsequently declared bankrupt . A new club FK Panevėžys was formed to represent the city of Panevėžys , which managed to pass licensing criteria for the 2015 I Lyga season . FK Ekranas was declared bankrupt in 2016 . FK Ekranas won Lithuanian championships in 1985 ( Soviet Lithuania ) , 1993 , 2005 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the Lithuanian Cup in 1985 ( Soviet Lithuania ) , 1998 , 2000 , 2010 and 2011 and the Lithuanian Super Cup in 1998 , 2006 , 2010 , 2011 and 2012 . On 5 November 2004 , before the A Lyga champion-deciding match against FBK Kaunas , the club was controversially expelled from the top division by the National Football Club Association ( NFKA ) for alleged match fixing , but reinstated a day later . In August 2006 FK Ekranas won the first Baltic Champion 's Cup tournament in Liepāja after beating Estonian champions TVMK Tallinn 6-4 and drawing with the home side Liepājas Metalurgs 1-1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Panevėžys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Panevėžys', 'summary': 'Panevėžys ( Lithuanian pronunciation : [ pɐnʲɛvʲeːˈʑiːs ] ( listen ) , Latin : Panevezen , Polish : Poniewież , Yiddish : פּאָנעװעזש Ponevezh ) see also other names , is the fifth largest city in Lithuania . As of 2011 , it occupied 52 square kilometres ( 20 sq mi ) with 113,653 inhabitants . As defined by Eurostat , the population of Panevėžys functional urban area , that stretches beyond the city limits , is estimated at 127,471 ( as of 2017 ) The largest multifunctional arena in Panevėžys , Cido Arena , hosted the Eurobasket 2011 group matches . The town is still widely known , if indirectly , in the Jewish world , for the eponymous Ponevezh Yeshiva .'}]}, {'value': 'Aukštaitija Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aukštaitija_Stadium', 'summary': 'Aukštaitija Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Panevėžys , Lithuania . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FK Panevėžys and earlier of FK Ekranas Panevėžys . It is named Aukštaitija , one of the five regions of Lithuania .'}]}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FBK Kaunas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FBK_Kaunas', 'summary': 'Kauno futbolo ir beisbolo klubas , commonly known as FBK Kaunas , was a Lithuanian football club from the city of Kaunas .'}]}, {'value': 'Kaunas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaunas', 'summary': 'Kaunas ( /ˈkaʊnəs/ ; Lithuanian : [ ˈkɐʊˑnɐs ] ( listen ) ; also see other names ) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic , academic , and cultural life . Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Palatinate since 1413 . In the Russian Empire , it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915 . During the interwar period , it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania , when Vilnius was seized by Poland between 1920 and 1939 . During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life , fashion , construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture , the interior design of the time , and a widespread café culture . The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label . It contributed to Kaunas being named as the first city in Central and Eastern Europe to be designated as a UNESCO City of Design . Kaunas has been selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2022 , together with Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg . The city is the capital of Kaunas County , and the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality . It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas . Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers , the Nemunas and the Neris , and is near the Kaunas Reservoir , the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania . As defined by Eurostat , the population of Kaunas functional urban area , that stretches beyond the city limits , is estimated at 383,764 ( as of 2017 ) , while according to statistics of Kaunas territorial health insurance fund , there are 437,283 permanent inhabitants ( as of 2018 ) in Kaunas city and Kaunas district municipalities combined .'}]}, {'value': 'S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S._Darius_and_S._Girėnas_Stadium', 'summary': 'S. Darius and S. Girėnas stadium ( Lithuanian : S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno stadionas ) is a multi-use stadium in the Ąžuolynas park in Žaliakalnis district of Kaunas , Lithuania , that is now being reconstructed . The all-seater stadium will hold 15,315 people . In 1998 the stadium was renovated according to UEFA regulations , and in 2005 it was modernised with the installation of the biggest stadium television screen in the Baltic states . The latest renovation started in 2018 . It will be the biggest stadium in the Baltic states . It hosts Lithuanian football matches as well as international athletics championships . During a sporting season about 50 events are held here .'}]}, {'value': 'I Lyga , 1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FC Klaipėda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Klaipėda', 'summary': 'FC Klaipėda was a Lithuanian football club from the city of Klaipėda . The team was promoted to the A Lyga , the top-level league of Lithuania , for the 2010 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Klaipėda', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Žalgiris Stadium ( Klaipėda )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kruoja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Kruoja_Pakruojis', 'summary': "FK Kruoja Pakruojis was a Lithuanian football club from the city of Pakruojis . The team first played in the A Lyga , Lithuania 's top football division , in 2009 . They were promoted after FBK Kaunas and Atlantas Klaipėda voluntarily withdrew . The team 's colours are yellow and blue . The club plays at Pakruojis stadium ( capacity 2000 ) . In August 2015 , Kruoja withdrew from A Lyga ."}]}, {'value': 'Pakruojis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakruojis', 'summary': 'Pakruojis ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in Lithuania . It is situated on the Kruoja River , which has a dam above the city . Forty three buildings of the manor , mentioned in 1531 still survive .'}]}, {'value': 'Pakruojis Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakruojis_Stadium', 'summary': 'Pakruojis City Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Pakruojis , Lithuania . It opened in 1989 and is used mostly for football matches . It is the home arena for FC Pakruojis and former A Lyga club FK Kruoja . In 2010 stadium was renovated . Capacity was increased to 2,000 seats , new technical area added . It currently holds 1st UEFA stadiums category .'}]}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mažeikiai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Mažeikiai', 'summary': 'FK Mažeikiai is a Lithuanian football club from city of Mažeikiai .'}]}, {'value': 'Mažeikiai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mažeikiai', 'summary': 'Mažeikiai ( pronunciation ( help·info ) , Samogitian : Mažeikē ) is a city in the north-western Lithuania , on the Venta River . It had a population of around 43,547 , making it the eighth largest city in Lithuania . The city is the administrative center of Mažeikiai district municipality in Telšiai County . It is the largest city that does not have its own county .'}]}, {'value': 'Sports Centre Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 9th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sūduva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Sūduva_Marijampolė', 'summary': "FK Sūduva is a professional football club based in the city of Marijampolė , Lithuania . Founded in 1968 . The club are the defending football champions of Lithuania . The club have been playing in the A Lyga since 2002 . In 2006 the team won its first trophy - the Lithuanian Cup , a feat they repeated in 2009 . In 2017 Sūduva won the A Lyga for the first time in its history , and repeated the triumph in 2018 and 2019 . The team 's colours are white and red . The club plays at Hikvision futbolo arena in Marijampolė ( capacity 6,250 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Marijampolė', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marijampolė', 'summary': 'Marijampolė ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; also known by several other names ) is a cultural and industrial city and the capital of the Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania , bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , and Lake Vištytis . The population of Marijampolė is 48,700 ( 2003 ) . It is the Lithuanian center of the Suvalkija region . Marijampolė is the seventh-largest city in Lithuania , and has been its regional center since 1994 . The city covers an area equal to 205.07 square kilometres ( 79.18 sq mi ) . The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts which are connected by six bridges .'}]}, {'value': 'Sūduva Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sūduva_stadium', 'summary': 'Marijampolė Football Arena , also referred to as Sūduva Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Marijampolė , Lithuania . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Sūduva . Between the 2011 and 2019 seasons the stadium was named ARVI Football Arena after the sponsoring rights were bought by ARVI Enterprises Group . The stadium was built using funds from the European Union and opened on July 6 , 2008 . Its original capacity increased from 4,200 to 6,500 spectators after additional seats were installed in May-June 2009 before a match between Lithuania national team and Romania . 11 December 2019 reports that ARVI Group will no longer support Sūduva club . There were notes and signboards bearing the name of a former sponsor . The ARVi Arena has been renamed the Marijampolė Football Arena ( at least temporarily until another sponsor appears ) .'}]}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Šiauliai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Šiauliai', 'summary': 'FC Šiauliai is a Lithuanian football team from the city of Šiauliai . The team is referred to as Šiauliai .'}]}, {'value': 'Šiauliai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Šiauliai', 'summary': 'Šiauliai ( [ ɕɛʊ̯ˈlʲɛɪ̯ˑ ] ( listen ) ; Samogitian : Šiaulē ) is the fourth largest city in Lithuania , with a population of 107,086 . From 1994 to 2010 it was the capital of Šiauliai County .'}]}, {'value': 'Savivaldybė Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Savivaldybė_Stadium', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tauras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Tauras_Tauragė', 'summary': 'FK Tauras is a Lithuanian football team from the city of Tauragė .'}]}, {'value': 'Tauragė', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tauragė', 'summary': 'Tauragė ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ; see other names ) is an industrial city in Lithuania , and the capital of Tauragė County . In 2011 , its population was 26,444 . Tauragė is situated on the Jūra River , close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast , and not far from the Baltic Sea coast . Although first mentioned in 1507 , Tauragė received its city charter only in 1924 and its coat of arms ( a silver hunting horn in a red field ) in 1997. Notable buildings in the city include the castle ( 19th c. Russian Empire Customs ) ( currently housing Tauragė Region Museum , Tourism Information Centre ) , 19th c. Post office , beautiful buildings from the 20th c. inter-war period , several churches : the Lutheran ( built in 1843 ) , the Catholic ( 1904 ) and Orthodox ( 1933 ) . Lithuanian , Swedish and Danish factories operate in the city . Nowadays Tauragė is famous for its car markets and adventure parks .'}]}, {'value': 'Vytauto Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Žalgiris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FK_Žalgiris_Vilnius', 'summary': "Futbolo klubas Žalgiris , commonly known as FK Žalgiris , Žalgiris Vilnius or simply Žalgiris is a Lithuanian professional football club based in Vilnius . The club competes in the A Lyga , the top flight of Lithuanian football . The club was founded as Dinamo in 1947 . The club 's name commemorates the victorious Battle of Žalgiris ( Battle of Grunwald ) ( both names : Žalgiris and Grunwald are translated as green grove ) . Žalgiris has featured many Lithuanian football legends during their history , including Arminas Narbekovas , Valdas Ivanauskas , Edgaras Jankauskas and Deividas Šemberas . They have won the Lithuanian Championship 7 times , the Lithuanian Football Cup 12 times and the Lithuanian Supercup 6 times . The team 's colours are green and white . The club plays at LFF stadium in Vilnius which has a capacity of 5,067 ."}]}, {'value': 'Vilnius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vilnius', 'summary': 'Vilnius ( Lithuanian pronunciation : [ ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs ] ( listen ) , see also other names ) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city , with a population of 580,020 as of 2020 [ update ] . The population of Vilnius functional urban area , that stretches beyond the city limits , is estimated at 697,691 ( as of 2017 ) , while according to statistics of Vilnius territorial health insurance fund , there are 728,032 permanent inhabitants ( as of December 2019 ) in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined . Vilnius is in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second largest city in the Baltic states . Vilnius is the seat of the national government of Lithuania and the Vilnius District Municipality . Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies , and is known for the architecture in its Old Town , declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 . Before World War II , Vilnius was one of the largest Jewish centres in Europe . Its Jewish influence has led to it being described as the Jerusalem of Lithuania and Napoleon named it the Jerusalem of the North as he was passing through in 1812 . In 2009 , Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture , together with the Austrian city of Linz .'}]}, {'value': 'Žalgiris Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Žalgiris_Stadium', 'summary': 'Žalgiris Stadium ( Lithuanian : Žalgirio stadionas ) was a multi-purpose stadium in Žirmūnai elderate of Vilnius , Lithuania . The stadium holds 15,029 and was being used by the first division I Lyga - REO Vilnius . It was the largest football stadium in Lithuania and was built on the desecrated graves of Jews interred in the Old Jewish Cemetery under the stadium . It is named after the Battle of Grunwald and was rebuilt by the German POWs after World War II and finished in 1950 ( the stadium existed already before World War II and was used by Pogoń Wilno ; in 1936 the Polish athletics championships were held at the stadium ) . After independence it was used by the Lithuania national football team , but in recent years it lost its meaning as the national stadium and all the international football matches were played either at S.Dariaus ir S.Girėno Stadium in Kaunas or at the newer LFF Stadium also in Vilnius . In 2015 , the stadium was sold to Lithuanian real estate company Hanner who planned to demolish it and make way for apartments , hotel and offices . The demolition of Žalgiris stadium was started on July 5 , 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'A Lyga , 3rd', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': 'The league will see a change in the number of teams once again as twelve teams were granted a licence for 2011 , [ 3 ] one more than in the 2010 season . FK Vėtra were expelled over financial troubles after 16 matches of the 2010 season ; [ 4 ] their records were annulled and the team was subsequently disbanded . [ citation needed ] From the remaining ten clubs , Atletas Kaunas , who finished in last place at the end of the season , were the only team not to apply for a 2011 top-level licence . Atletas therefore played at the second level in 2011 . Three new teams were admitted to the league , unbeaten [ 5 ] 2010 I Lyga champions FBK Kaunas , seventh-placed team Atlantas Klaipėda and Dainava Alytus , a merger between I Lyga runners-up Alytis Alytus and third-placed city rivals Vidzgiris . [ 6 ] FBK Kaunas and Atlantas made their return after two seasons in the lower divisions of the Lithuanian league system , while Dainava had their debut in the A Lyga , as neither of its predecessor clubs played at the Lithuanian top level in its history . AtlantasKlaipėdaBangaDainavaEkranasKaunasKruojaMažeikiaiŠiauliaiSūduvaTaurasŽalgiris Location of teams in the 2010 A Lyga', 'uid': '2011_A_Lyga_0', 'intro': 'The 2011 A Lyga was the 22nd season of the A Lyga, the top-tier football league of Lithuania. The season began on 12 March 2011 and ended on 6 November 2011. Ekranas were the defending champions, having won their third consecutive title at the end of the 2010 season.'}
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What is the capacity of the stadium of the stadium in the city with the Minija River flowing through it ?
2,323
fecc7fe167c494df
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba', 'title': 'Manitoba', 'header': ['Community', 'Region', 'July daily maximum', 'January daily maximum', 'Annual precipitation', 'Plant hardiness zone'], 'data': [{'value': 'Morden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morden,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Morden is a city located in the Pembina Valley region of southern Manitoba , Canada near the United States border . It is about 11 km ( 6.8 mi ) west of the neighbouring city of Winkler . Morden , which is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley . Morden is the eighth largest city in Manitoba . The city is located south of Winnipeg . The communities of Morden and Winkler are often referred to as Manitoba 's Twin Cities , due to their extremely close proximity , shared services , and economic ties . According to Statistics Canada , the city had a population of 8,668 in 2016 . Morden , along with the neighbouring city of Winkler , form an urban area with a population exceeding 22,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pembina Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pembina_Valley_Region', 'summary': "The Pembina Valley /ˈpɛmbɪnə/ is the name given to the south-central region of the province of Manitoba , Canada . It is named for its major geographical feature , the Pembina Valley , which runs through the southwestern part of the region . The Pembina Valley had a population of 52,126 at the 2001 census . Its major service centres are the city of Winkler and the city of Morden . Other important towns include Altona , and Carman . The region comprises two of Statistics Canada 's census divisions of Canada . Manitoba Census Divisions No . 3 and No . 4 , which together have a land area of 9,790.98 km² ( 3,780.32 sq mi ) and a total population of 60,656 ( 2011 census ) are located within the region . The major industry of the Pembina Valley is agriculture . The region is also now home to Pembina Valley Provincial Park ."}]}, {'value': '26 °C ( 79 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−10 °C ( 14 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '541 mm ( 21 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winnipeg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winnipeg', 'summary': 'Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Winnipeg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winnipeg_Capital_Region', 'summary': 'The Winnipeg Metro Region ( formerly called the Winnipeg Capital Region ) is a metropolitan area located in the Red River Valley in the south central portion of the province of Manitoba , Canada . It contains the provincial capital of Winnipeg and its surrounding rural municipalities , cities , and towns .'}]}, {'value': '26 °C ( 79 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−11 °C ( 12 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '521 mm ( 21 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierson,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Pierson is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district located in the Rural Municipality of Two Borders in southwestern Manitoba . Pierson is home to the Carnival of Crafts which averages an attendance of 1,700 people . This event takes place at the Edward Sports Centre on the first Saturday in October .'}]}, {'value': 'Westman Region', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westman_Region', 'summary': "Westman is a region in the southwestern area of Manitoba , Canada . The region 's urban centre is Brandon . The region comprises four of Statistics Canada 's census divisions of Canada , Manitoba Census Divisions No . 5 , No . 6 , No . 7 , and No . 15 . Together they have a land area of 27,242.06 km² ( 10,518.22 sq mi ) and had a population of 108,868 at the 2011 census . The major industry of Westman is agriculture . However , there is also some oil production in the southwest area of the region . The town of Minnedosa is home to one of Canada 's largest internet pharmacies ."}]}, {'value': '27 °C ( 81 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−9 °C ( 16 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '457 mm ( 18 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dauphin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dauphin,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Dauphin ( French for heir to the French throne , see Dauphin of France ) is a city in Manitoba , Canada , with a population of 8,457 as of the 2016 Canadian Census , with an additional 2,388 living in the surrounding Rural Municipality of Dauphin , for a total of 10,845 in the RM and City combined . Dauphin is Manitoba 's 9th largest community and serves as a hub to the province 's Parkland Region . The current mayor of Dauphin is Allen Dowhan . Conservative Robert Sopuck has been the member of Parliament for the Dauphin - Swan River - Marquette riding since November 2010 . Progressive Conservative Brad Michaleski is the current member of the Legislative Assembly . Dauphin plays host to several summer festivals , including Dauphin 's Countryfest and Canada 's National Ukrainian Festival . Dauphin is known as the Garden Capital of Manitoba . Dauphin is served by Provincial Trunk Highways 5 , 10 and 20 and is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Dauphin ."}]}, {'value': 'Parkland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parkland_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Parkland is a region in the Canadian province of Manitoba . It is located in the western part of the province , between Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis on the east and the Manitoba - Saskatchewan border on the west . The region comprises three of Statistics Canada 's census divisions of Canada . Manitoba Census Divisions No . 16 , No . 17 , and No . 20 , which together have a land area of 28,209.93 km² ( 10,891.91 sq mi ) and a population of 42,088 ( 2011 census ) are contained within the region . The largest population centre is the city of Dauphin , and the second largest is the town of Swan River . Riding Mountain National Park , Duck Mountain Provincial Park and Asessippi Provincial Park are located in the region . Manitoba 's highest point , Baldy Mountain , is also located here.The Parkland region often also includes the Yorkton/Melville Region in Saskatchewan ."}]}, {'value': '25 °C ( 77 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−10 °C ( 14 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '482 mm ( 19 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steinbach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Steinbach ( /ˈstaɪnbæk/ ( listen ) ) is a city located about 58 km south-east of Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada . According to the Canada 2016 Census , Steinbach has a population of 15,829 , making it the third-largest city in Manitoba and the largest community in the Eastman region . The city is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Hanover ( north , west , and south ) , and the Rural Municipality of La Broquerie ( east ) . The name of Steinbach is translated from German as Stony Brook and was first settled by Plautdietsch-speaking Mennonites from the Russian Empire in 1874 . The city continues to have a strong Mennonite influence today ; more than 50 percent of the residents claim Germanic ( including both Dutch and German ) heritage . Steinbach is found on the eastern edge of the Canadian Prairies , while Sandilands Provincial Forest is a short distance east of the city . Steinbach is primarily an agricultural community ; however , as the regional economic hub of southeastern Manitoba , Steinbach has a trading area population of about 50,000 people . The city also has many service and commercial businesses to serve the population . Steinbach is the third fastest-growing census agglomeration in Canada . Out of the top eight fastest-growing agglomerations , Steinbach is the only one located outside Alberta . The city had a population growth of 17% between the 2011 and the 2016 census periods . The city has gained national recognition as an immigration destination of Canada and a model for immigrant integration in the country .'}]}, {'value': 'Eastman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastman_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Eastman Region -- also known as Division No . 1 -- is located in the south-eastern corner of the Canadian province of Manitoba . It is bounded on the north by the Winnipeg River and Lake Winnipeg , on the east by the Manitoba-Ontario border , on the south by the Canada-US border and on the west by the Red River . It is bordered on the north by the Northern Region , on the east by Northwestern Ontario on the south by the state of Minnesota , on the west by the Pembina Valley Region and the Interlake Region . The city of Steinbach is the largest population centre in the region . The Trans-Canada Highway runs through the middle of the Eastman Region . The region comprises Manitoba Census Divisions No . 1 , No . 2 , and No . 12 , which had a total population of 104,535 at the 2011 census . The total land area is 21,137.02 km² ( 8,161.05 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': '25 °C ( 77 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−11 °C ( 12 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '581 mm ( 23 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portage la Prairie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portage_la_Prairie', 'summary': 'Portage la Prairie ( /ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ lə ˈpreɪri/ ) is a small city in the Central Plains Region of Manitoba , Canada . As of 2016 , the population was 13,304 and the land area of the city was 24.68 square kilometres ( 9.53 sq mi ) . Portage la Prairie is approximately 75 kilometres ( 47 mi ) west of Winnipeg , along the Trans-Canada Highway ( exactly between the provincial boundaries of Saskatchewan and Ontario ) , and sits on the Assiniboine River , which flooded the town persistently until a diversion channel north to Lake Manitoba ( the Portage Diversion ) was built to divert the flood waters . The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Portage la Prairie . According to Environment Canada , Portage la Prairie has the most sunny days during the warm months in Canada . It is the administrative headquarters of the Dakota Tipi First Nations reserve .'}]}, {'value': 'Central Plains', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Plains_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'The Central Plains Region is located in the south central part of the Canadian province of Manitoba , directly west of Winnipeg . It is bounded on the south by the Pembina Valley Region ; on the east by the No . 8 , No . 9 , and No . 10 , which together have a total land area of 10,656.86 square kilometres ( 4,114.64 sq mi ) . The region had a population of 48,289 people at the 2001 census .'}]}, {'value': '26 °C ( 79 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−9 °C ( 16 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '532 mm ( 21 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brandon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Brandon the second-largest city in the province of Manitoba , Canada . It is located in the southwestern corner of the province on the banks of the Assiniboine River , approximately 214 km ( 133 mi ) west of the provincial capital , Winnipeg , and 120 km ( 75 mi ) east of the Saskatchewan boundary . Brandon covers an area of 77.41 km2 ( 29.89 sq mi ) and has a population of 48,859 , while its census metropolitan area has a population of 58,003 . It is the primary hub of trade and commerce for the Westman region as well as parts of southeastern Saskatchewan and northern North Dakota , an area with a combined population of over 180,000 people . The City of Brandon was incorporated in 1882 , having a history rooted in the Assiniboine River fur trade as well as its role as a major junction on the Canadian Pacific Railway . Known as The Wheat City , Brandon 's economy is predominantly associated with agriculture ; however , it also has strengths in health care , manufacturing , food processing , business services , and transportation . Brandon is an important part of the higher education network in Manitoba , with several notable facilities located in the city including Brandon University , Assiniboine Community College , and the Manitoba Emergency Services College . Canadian Forces Base Shilo is located 30 km ( 19 mi ) east of Brandon and maintains close ties with the city . Brandon 's Keystone Centre , one of the largest consolidated entertainment , recreation , convention , and agriculture complexes in Canada , is the home of the Brandon Wheat Kings and the Royal Manitoba Winter Fair ."}]}, {'value': 'Westman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westman_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Westman is a region in the southwestern area of Manitoba , Canada . The region 's urban centre is Brandon . The region comprises four of Statistics Canada 's census divisions of Canada , Manitoba Census Divisions No . 5 , No . 6 , No . 7 , and No . 15 . Together they have a land area of 27,242.06 km² ( 10,518.22 sq mi ) and had a population of 108,868 at the 2011 census . The major industry of Westman is agriculture . However , there is also some oil production in the southwest area of the region . The town of Minnedosa is home to one of Canada 's largest internet pharmacies ."}]}, {'value': '25 °C ( 77 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−11 °C ( 12 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '474 mm ( 19 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Pas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pas', 'summary': "The Pas ( /pɑː/ PAH ; French : Le Pas ) is a town in Manitoba , Canada , located at the confluence of the Pasquia River and the Saskatchewan River within Division No . 21 in the Northern Region . It is approximately 630 km ( 390 mi ) northwest of the provincial capital , Winnipeg , and 40 km ( 25 mi ) from the border of Saskatchewan . It is sometimes still called Paskoyac by locals after the first trading post , called Fort Paskoya and constructed during French colonial rule . The Pasquia River begins in the Pasquia Hills in east central Saskatchewan . The French in 1795 knew the river as Basquiau . Known as The Gateway to the North , The Pas is a multi-industry northern Manitoba town serving the surrounding region . The main components of the region 's economy are agriculture , forestry , commercial fishing , tourism , transportation , and services ( especially health and education ) . The main employer is a paper and lumber mill operated by Canadian Kraft Papers . The Pas contains one of the two main campuses of the University College of the North . The Pas is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Kelsey , as well as part of the Opaskwayak Cree Nation ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Northern Manitoba is the most northerly region of the Canadian province of Manitoba , added to the province during the last major expansion of its boundaries in 1912 . Forestry , mining and hydro-electric development are significant economic drivers with long-term consequences to the environment in the region .'}]}, {'value': '24 °C ( 75 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−14 °C ( 7 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '450 mm ( 18 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thompson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba', 'summary': "Thompson ( population 13,678 ) is the largest city in the Northern Region of Manitoba and is situated along the Burntwood River , 761 kilometers ( 473 miles ) north of Winnipeg . Originally founded in 1956 as a mining town , Thompson now primarily serves as the Hub of the North , providing goods and services ( e.g. , healthcare , retail trade ) to the surrounding communities . Thompson 's trade area is larger than New Mexico yet contains just over 50,000 residents , with many of the smaller communities accessible only by air or winter road . Despite Thompson 's isolated location in the heart of Canada 's boreal forest , Thompson is directly connected to Winnipeg via paved highway , railroad ( VIA Rail ) , and the Thompson Airport . Thompson also has modern amenities ( e.g. , fiber optic internet ) and a large retail scene , including half a dozen shopping malls and several large chain stores ( e.g. , Wal-Mart , Giant Tiger , Safeway , Shoppers Drug Mart , Canadian Tire ) . Thompson 's natural and undisturbed surroundings makes it a popular community with outdoor enthusiasts : the largest marina in Manitoba ( the land of 100,000 lakes ) is located just 38 km ( 24 mi ) south in Paint Lake Provincial Park , hundreds of kilometers of snowmobile trails are maintained by the Thompson Trailbreakers , and the lack of light pollution and Thompson 's northern latitude allows for occasional viewing of the northern lights ( even within the city limits ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Northern Manitoba is the most northerly region of the Canadian province of Manitoba , added to the province during the last major expansion of its boundaries in 1912 . Forestry , mining and hydro-electric development are significant economic drivers with long-term consequences to the environment in the region .'}]}, {'value': '23 °C ( 73 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−18 °C ( 0 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '474 mm ( 19 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Churchill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Churchill ( Inuktitut : ᑯᒡᔪᐊᖅ , Kuugjuaq ) is a town in northern Manitoba , Canada , on the west shore of Hudson Bay , roughly 110 kilometres ( 68 miles ) from the Manitoba-Nunavut border . It is most famous for the many polar bears that move toward the shore from inland in the autumn , leading to the nickname Polar Bear Capital of the World that has helped its growing tourism industry .'}]}, {'value': 'Northern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Region,_Manitoba', 'summary': 'Northern Manitoba is the most northerly region of the Canadian province of Manitoba , added to the province during the last major expansion of its boundaries in 1912 . Forestry , mining and hydro-electric development are significant economic drivers with long-term consequences to the environment in the region .'}]}, {'value': '18 °C ( 64 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '−22 °C ( −8 °F )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '453 mm ( 18 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0A', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Geography -- Climate', 'section_text': "Main article : Climate of Manitoba Deep Lake at Riding Mountain National Park Manitoba has an extreme continental climate . Temperatures and precipitation generally decrease from south to north and increase from east to west . [ 17 ] Manitoba is far from the moderating influences of mountain ranges or large bodies of water . Because of the generally flat landscape , it is exposed to cold Arctic high-pressure air masses from the northwest during January and February . In the summer , air masses sometimes come out of the Southern United States , as warm humid air is drawn northward from the Gulf of Mexico . [ 18 ] Temperatures exceed 30 °C ( 86 °F ) numerous times each summer , and the combination of heat and humidity can bring the humidex value to the mid-40s . [ 19 ] Carman , Manitoba recorded the second-highest humidex ever in Canada in 2007 , with 53.0 . [ 20 ] According to Environment Canada , Manitoba ranked first for clearest skies year round , and ranked second for clearest skies in the summer and for the sunniest province in the winter and spring . [ 21 ] Southern Manitoba ( including the city of Winnipeg ) , falls into the humid continental climate zone ( Köppen Dfb ) . This area is cold and windy in the winter and often has blizzards because of the open landscape . Summers are warm with a moderate length . This region is the most humid area in the prairie provinces , with moderate precipitation . Southwestern Manitoba , though under the same climate classification as the rest of Southern Manitoba , is closer to the semi-arid interior of Palliser 's Triangle . The area is drier and more prone to droughts than other parts of southern Manitoba . [ 22 ] This area is cold and windy in the winter and has frequent blizzards due to the openness of the Canadian Prairie landscape . [ 22 ] Summers are generally warm to hot , with low to moderate humidity . [ 22 ] Southern parts of the province just north of Tornado Alley , experience tornadoes , with 16 confirmed touchdowns in 2016 . In 2007 , on 22 and 23 June , numerous tornadoes touched down , the largest an F5 tornado that devastated parts of Elie ( the strongest recorded tornado in Canada ) . [ 23 ] Köppen climate types of Manitoba The province 's northern sections ( including the city of Thompson ) fall in the subarctic climate zone ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ) . This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief , warm summers with little precipitation . [ 24 ] Overnight temperatures as low as −40 °C ( −40 °F ) occur on several days each winter . [ 24 ]", 'uid': 'Manitoba_0', 'intro': "Manitoba (/ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ (listen)) is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada. It is often considered one of the three prairie provinces (with Alberta and Saskatchewan) and is Canada's fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.369 million people. Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi) with a widely varied landscape, stretching from the northern oceanic coastline to the southern border with the United States. The province is bordered by the provinces of Ontario to the east and Saskatchewan to the west, the territories of Nunavut to the north, and Northwest Territories to the northwest, and the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota to the south. Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years. In the late 17th century, fur traders arrived on two major river systems, what is now called the Nelson in northern Manitoba and in the southeast along the Winnipeg River system. A Royal Charter in 1670 granted all the lands draining into Hudson's Bay to the British company and they administered trade in what was then called Rupert's Land. During the next 200 years, communities continued to grow and evolve, with a significant settlement of Michif in what is now Winnipeg. The assertion of Métis identity and self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba. There are many factors that led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada, a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion. The resolution of the assertion of the right to representation led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province. Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is the eighth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada."}
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What is the meaning in English of the German name of the city in Canada with an average July daily high of 25 °C ?
Stony Brook
fecf00eac34d3592
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_South_Conference', 'title': 'Big South Conference', 'header': ['School', '# of Tournament Championships', 'Last Tournament Championship'], 'data': [{'value': 'Winthrop', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Winthrop_Eagles_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Winthrop Eagles men 's basketball team represents Winthrop University in Rock Hill , South Carolina , United States and competes in the Big South Conference . The Eagles hired former Xavier assistant coach Pat Kelsey in 2012 as men 's basketball head coach to replace Randy Peele . Winthrop plays their home games in the 6,100 seat Winthrop Coliseum . Winthrop has appeared in ten NCAA Tournaments and has won 19 conference championships ( season and tournament ) . The Eagles have played 38 seasons of basketball since their inaugural 1978-79 campaign ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coastal Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Coastal_Carolina_Chanticleers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers men 's basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represents Coastal Carolina University in Conway , South Carolina , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Sun Belt Conference . Tony Dunkin , a former Chanticleer , is the only men 's basketball player in NCAA Division I history to be named the conference player of the year all four seasons he played ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UNC Asheville', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UNC_Asheville_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UNC Asheville Bulldogs men 's basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represents the University of North Carolina at Asheville in Asheville , North Carolina , United States . Their current head coach is Mike Morrell . The school 's team currently competes in the Big South Conference ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charleston Southern', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Charleston_Southern_Buccaneers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Charleston Southern Buccaneers men 's basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represents Charleston Southern University in North Charleston , South Carolina , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Big South Conference ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberty_Flames_basketball', 'summary': "The Liberty Flames men 's basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represents Liberty University , one of the largest Christian universities in the world . They play their home games at the Vines Center and are members of the Atlantic Sun Conference , having moved there in July 2018 after 27 seasons in the Big South ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radford', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Radford_Highlanders_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Radford Highlanders men 's basketball represents Radford University in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men 's basketball competition . A member of the Big South Conference , the current head coach is Mike Jones . The Highlanders play at the Dedmon Center , which has a capacity of 3,000 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Campbell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campbell_Fighting_Camels_basketball', 'summary': "The Campbell Fighting Camels basketball team is the men 's basketball team that represent the Campbell University in Buies Creek , North Carolina . The school 's team currently competes in the Big South Conference . The team 's most recent appearance in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament was in 1992 . After struggling for several seasons , the Fighting Camels finally broke through in the 2009-2010 season . Campbell tied for first in the regular season Atlantic Sun standings . However , their bid for an NCAA Tournament bid came up short , as they were eliminated in the Atlantic Sun Conference Tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gardner-Webb', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gardner–Webb_Runnin'_Bulldogs_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Gardner-Webb Runnin ' Bulldogs men 's basketball team is the men 's college basketball team that represents Gardner-Webb University in Boiling Springs , North Carolina , United States . The school 's team competes in the Big South Conference . They made their first NCAA tournament in 2019 by winning their first Big South tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UNC Greensboro', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UNC_Greensboro_Spartans_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UNCG Spartans men 's basketball team represents the University of North Carolina at Greensboro in NCAA Division I . The school 's team currently competes in the Southern Conference ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Conference champions -- Basketball Tournament Championships by school', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Big_South_Conference_5', 'intro': "The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002. Its football teams are part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Alabama, Georgia, and New Jersey."}
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In what year was the last tournament championship played by the team known as the Buccaneers ?
1997
fed1051c9a3028b9
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live!_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_23)', 'title': 'Live! with Regis and Kelly (season 23)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'December 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'LIVE ! in Las Vegas , Blue Man Group , Selena Gomez , Terry Fator , Regis wakes from his own Vegas hangover', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Man_Group', 'summary': 'Blue Man Group is an American performance art company formed in 1987 , known worldwide for its stage productions which incorporate many kinds of music and art , both popular and obscure , in its performances . Blue Man Group has continuing shows in Berlin , Boston , Chicago , Las Vegas , New York City , and Orlando . A typical Blue Man production employs 7-9 full-time Blue Men who are selected by audition . In addition to the stage show , Blue Man Group has toured nationally and internationally , appeared on various TV programs as both characters and performers , released multiple studio albums , contributed to a number of film scores , performed with orchestras around the United States , and appeared in ad campaigns .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Selena_Gomez', 'summary': "Selena Marie Gomez ( born July 22 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and television producer . After appearing on the children 's television series Barney & Friends ( 2002-2004 ) , she received wider recognition for her portrayal of Alex Russo on the Emmy Award-winning Disney Channel television series Wizards of Waverly Place , which aired from 2007 until 2012 . Gomez also starred in the films Another Cinderella Story ( 2008 ) , Princess Protection Program ( 2009 ) , Wizards of Waverly Place : The Movie ( 2009 ) , Ramona and Beezus ( 2010 ) , and Monte Carlo ( 2011 ) . Thereafter , she focused on more mature roles in Spring Breakers ( 2012 ) , Getaway ( 2013 ) , The Fundamentals of Caring ( 2016 ) , and The Dead Do n't Die ( 2019 ) . She voices the character of Mavis in the Hotel Transylvania film franchise , and serves as an executive producer of the Netflix television drama series 13 Reasons Why ( 2017-present ) and the Netflix documentary series Living Undocumented ( 2019 ) . With her former band Selena Gomez & the Scene , she attained the gold certified top-ten albums Kiss & Tell ( 2009 ) , A Year Without Rain ( 2010 ) and When the Sun Goes Down ( 2011 ) on the US Billboard 200 . In 2012 , the band went on hiatus , and Gomez focused work on her debut album as a solo artist . The pop and dance influenced Stars Dance ( 2013 ) became her first number-one album on the Billboard 200 , and included Come & Get It , which became her first top-ten entry on the US Billboard Hot 100 . To finish out her contract with Hollywood Records , she released the compilation album For You ( 2014 ) . It included the single The Heart Wants What It Wants , which became her second top-ten entry . After signing with Interscope Records in late 2014 , she released her second studio album , Revival ( 2015 ) . It became her second consecutive number-one regular album on the Billboard 200 , with the highest first week sales of her career ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Terry_Fator', 'summary': "Terry Wayne Fator ( /ˈfeɪtər/ ; born June 10 , 1965 ) is an American ventriloquist , impressionist , stand-up comedian , and singer from Dallas , Texas . Fator does ventriloquial impersonations , and uses 15 different puppets in his act . He was the winner of season two of America 's Got Talent , and received the million dollar prize . The following year , he was signed on as the headliner at The Mirage hotel and casino in Las Vegas , Nevada with a five-year , $ 100 million contract ."}]}, {'value': 'December 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "LIVE ! in Las Vegas , Jubilee Showgirls , Howie Mandel , Rod Stewart , See what happens on Kelly 's Vegas-style girls night out !", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Showgirls', 'summary': "Showgirls is a 1995 erotic drama film written by Joe Eszterhas and directed by Paul Verhoeven . It stars former teen actress Elizabeth Berkley , Kyle MacLachlan , and Gina Gershon . The film centers on a street-smart drifter who ventures to Las Vegas and climbs the seedy hierarchy from stripper to showgirl . Produced on a then-sizable budget of approximately $ 45 million , significant controversy and hype surrounding the film 's amounts of sex and nudity preceded its theatrical release . In the United States , the film was rated NC-17 for nudity and erotic sexuality throughout , some graphic language , and sexual violence . Showgirls was the first ( and to date only ) NC-17 rated film to be given a wide release in mainstream theaters . Distributor United Artists dispatched several hundred staffers to theaters across North America playing Showgirls to ensure that patrons would not sneak into the theater from other films , and to make sure film-goers were over the age of 17 . Audience restriction due to the NC-17 rating coupled with poor reviews resulted in the film becoming a box office bomb , grossing just $ 37 million . Despite a negative theatrical and critical consensus , Showgirls enjoyed success on the home video market , generating more than $ 100 million from video rentals , allowing the film to turn a profit and become one of MGM 's top 20 all-time bestsellers . For its video premiere , Verhoeven prepared an R-rated cut for rental outlets that would not carry NC-17 films . This edited version runs 3 minutes shorter ( 128 minutes ) and deletes some of the more graphic footage . Despite being consistently ranked as one of the worst films ever made , Showgirls has become regarded as a cult classic , was released on Blu-ray in June 2010 and has even been subject to critical re-evaluation , with some notable directors and critics declaring it a serious satire worthy of praise ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Howie_Mandel', 'summary': "Howard Michael Mandel ( born November 29 , 1955 ) is a Canadian comedian , actor , voice actor , and television host . He hosted the CNBC ( originally NBC ) game show Deal or No Deal , as well as the show 's daytime and Canadian-English counterparts . In 1987 , Mandel starred alongside Amy Steel in the comedy film Walk Like a Man . From 1982 to 1988 , Mandel played rowdy ER intern Dr. Wayne Fiscus on the NBC medical drama St . Elsewhere . He also created , voiced , and starred in the FOX 's children 's cartoon Bobby 's World , and judges on NBC 's America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rod_Stewart', 'summary': "Sir Roderick David Stewart CBE ( born 10 January 1945 ) is a British rock singer and songwriter . Born and raised in London , he is of Scottish and English ancestry . Stewart is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold over 120 million records worldwide . He has had nine number-one albums in the UK Albums Chart and his tally of 62 UK hit singles includes 31 that reached the top ten , six of which gained the # 1 position . Stewart has had 16 top ten singles in the US , with four reaching # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 . He was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity . With his distinctive raspy singing voice , Stewart came to prominence in the late 1960s and the early 1970s with The Jeff Beck Group , and then with Faces , though his music career had begun in 1962 when he took up busking with a harmonica . In October 1963 , he joined The Dimensions as a harmonica player and part-time vocalist . In 1964 , Stewart joined Long John Baldry and the All Stars , and in August , Stewart signed a solo contract , releasing his first single , Good Morning Little Schoolgirl , in October . He maintained a solo career alongside a group career , releasing his debut solo album , An Old Raincoat Wo n't Ever Let You Down in 1969 . Stewart 's early albums were a fusion of rock , folk music , soul music , and R & B . From the late 1970s through the 1990s , Stewart 's music often took on a new wave or soft rock/middle-of-the-road quality , and in the early 2000s , he released a series of successful albums interpreting the Great American Songbook ."}]}, {'value': 'December 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Ray Romano , Alyssa Milano , Perfect Holiday Gift Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ray_Romano', 'summary': 'Raymond Albert Romano ( born December 21 , 1957 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor and screenwriter . He is best known for his role on the sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond , for which he received an Emmy Award , and as the voice of Manny in the Ice Age film series . He created and starred in the TNT comedy-drama Men of a Certain Age ( 2009-2011 ) . From 2012 to 2015 , Romano had a recurring role as Hank Rizzoli , a love interest of Sarah Braverman in Parenthood . More recently , he co-starred in the romantic comedy The Big Sick ( 2017 ) and portrayed mob lawyer Bill Bufalino in the epic crime film The Irishman ( 2019 ) . Since 2017 , Romano has portrayed Rick Moreweather in the comedy-drama series Get Shorty .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alyssa_Milano', 'summary': "Alyssa Jayne Milano ( born December 19 , 1972 ) is an American actress , producer , activist , and singer . She is known for her roles as Samantha Micelli in Who 's the Boss ? , Jennifer Mancini in Melrose Place , Phoebe Halliwell in Charmed , Billie Cunningham in My Name is Earl , Savannah Savi Davis in Mistresses , Renata Murphy in Wet Hot American Summer : 10 Years Later , and Coralee Armstrong in Insatiable ."}]}, {'value': 'December 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'James Franco , Daniel Dae Kim , Perfect Holiday Gift Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Franco', 'summary': "James Edward Franco ( born April 19 , 1978 ) is an American actor , director , screenwriter , comedian , film producer , television producer , academic , painter and writer . For his role in 127 Hours ( 2010 ) , he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor . Franco is known for his roles in live-action films , such as Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002-2007 ) ; Milk ( 2008 ) ; Pineapple Express ( 2008 ) ; Eat , Pray , Love ( 2010 ) ; Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( 2011 ) ; Spring Breakers ( 2012 ) ; Oz the Great and Powerful ( 2013 ) ; This Is the End ( 2013 ) ; and The Disaster Artist ( 2017 ) , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . He is known for his collaborations with fellow actor Seth Rogen , having appeared in eight films and one television series with him . Franco is also known for his work on television ; his first prominent acting role was the character Daniel Desario on the short-lived ensemble comedy-drama Freaks and Geeks ( 1999-2000 ) , which developed a cult following . He portrayed the title character in the television biographical film James Dean ( 2001 ) , for which he won a Golden Globe Award . Franco had a recurring role on the daytime soap opera General Hospital ( 2009-2012 ) and starred in the limited series 11.22.63 ( 2016 ) . He starred in the David Simon-created HBO drama The Deuce ( 2017-2019 ) . Franco volunteers for the Art of Elysium charity , and has taught film classes at New York University , the University of Southern California , UCLA , Studio 4 , Palo Alto High School , and Playhouse West ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Dae_Kim', 'summary': 'Daniel Dae Kim ( Korean : 김대현 ; born Kim Dae-hyun on August 4 , 1968 ) is an American actor , voice actor , and producer . He is known for his roles as Jin-Soo Kwon in Lost , Chin Ho Kelly in Hawaii Five-0 , Gavin Park in Angel and Johnny Gat in the Saints Row series of video games . He also runs a production company called 3AD , which is currently producing the television series The Good Doctor .'}]}, {'value': 'December 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Amy Adams , Natasha Bedingfield , Perfect Holiday Gift Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amy_Adams', 'summary': "Amy Lou Adams ( born August 20 , 1974 ) is an American actress . Known for both her comedic and dramatic performances , she has placed three times in annual rankings of the highest-paid actresses in the world . Her accolades include two Golden Globes , and nominations for six Academy Awards and seven British Academy Film Awards . Born in Vicenza , Italy , and raised in Castle Rock , Colorado , Adams is the fourth of seven siblings . She trained to be a ballerina , but at age 18 , she found musical theater a better fit , and from 1994 to 1998 , she worked in dinner theater . She made her feature film debut with a supporting part in the 1999 satire Drop Dead Gorgeous . After moving to Los Angeles , she made guest appearances in television and took on mean girl parts in small-scale features . Her first major role came in Steven Spielberg 's 2002 biopic Catch Me If You Can , opposite Leonardo DiCaprio , but she was unemployed for a year afterward . Her breakthrough came in the part of a loquacious pregnant woman in the 2005 independent film Junebug . The 2007 musical Enchanted , in which Adams played a cheerful princess , was her first major success as a leading lady . She followed it by playing naïve , optimistic women in a series of films such as the 2008 drama Doubt . She subsequently played stronger parts to positive reviews in the sports film The Fighter ( 2010 ) and the psychological drama The Master ( 2012 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natasha_Bedingfield', 'summary': 'Natasha Anne Bedingfield ( born 26 November 1981 ) is an English singer and songwriter . Bedingfield released her debut album , Unwritten , in 2004 , which contained primarily up-tempo pop songs and was influenced by R & B music . It enjoyed international success with more than 2.3 million copies sold worldwide . Bedingfield received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the title track Unwritten , and at the 2005 and 2006 Brit Awards , she was nominated for Best British Female Artist . Unwritten also produced her only UK number one , These Words . Her second album , N.B . ( 2007 ) , yielded the UK top 10 singles I Wan na Have Your Babies and Soulmate . N.B . was not released in North America , but six tracks from it were included with seven new ones and released in 2008 as her third studio album , Pocketful of Sunshine , with the singles Love Like This and Pocketful of Sunshine earning success on the charts . In December 2010 , Bedingfield released her third album in North America , named Strip Me with the song of the same name charting on the US Billboard Hot 100 at 91 . Bedingfield has sold over 10 million albums and 10 million singles worldwide , totalling over 20 million records worldwide . In 2012 , VH1 ranked Bedingfield number 66 on the list of 100 Greatest Women in Music .'}]}, {'value': 'December 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Owen Wilson , Lucy Liu , Perfect Holiday Gift Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owen_Wilson', 'summary': 'Owen Cunningham Wilson ( born November 18 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , and screenwriter . He has had a long association with filmmaker Wes Anderson , with whom he shared writing and acting credits for Bottle Rocket ( 1996 ) and The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) , the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . He has appeared in a number of Frat Pack comedies and voiced Lightning McQueen in the Cars franchise . His older brother Andrew and younger brother Luke are also actors .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lucy_Liu', 'summary': "Lucy Liu ( born December 2 , 1968 ) is an American actress , who is known for playing the role of the vicious and ill-mannered Ling Woo in the television series Ally McBeal ( 1998-2002 ) , the assertive assassin O-Ren Ishii in Kill Bill , and Joan Watson in the crime-drama series Elementary ( 2012-2019 ) . Throughout her career , she has received two Screen Actors Guild Awards and has won the Seoul International Drama Award for Best Actress . She has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series , and has received nominations for three People 's Choice Awards and two Saturn Awards . Liu 's film work includes starring in Payback ( 1999 ) , Charlie 's Angels ( 2000 ) , Shanghai Noon ( 2000 ) , Chicago ( 2002 ) , Charlie 's Angels : Full Throttle ( 2003 ) , Kill Bill : Volume 1 ( 2003 ) , Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) , The Man with the Iron Fists ( 2012 ) , and Set It Up ( 2018 ) . Liu is also a voice actress and has voiced Master Viper in the Kung Fu Panda franchise ( 2008-2016 ) . She also voiced Silvermist in Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure ( 2009 ) , Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue ( 2010 ) , Pixie Hollow Games ( 2011 ) , Secret of the Wings ( 2012 ) , The Pirate Fairy ( 2014 ) , and Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast ( 2015 ) . Her other voice credits include Mulan II ( 2004 ) , as well as the English and Mandarin-dubbed versions of Magic Wonderland ( 2014 ) and The Tale of the Princess Kaguya ( 2013 ) . In 2008 , she starred in an ABC comedy-drama , Cashmere Mafia , as Mia Mason , which ended after one abbreviated season . The show was one of only a few American television shows to have an Asian American series lead . In 2012 , Liu joined the cast of the TNT series Southland in the recurring role of Jessica Tang , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Guest Actress ."}]}, {'value': 'December 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Nick Lachey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nick_Lachey', 'summary': "Nicholas Scott Lachey ( /ləˈʃeɪ/ lə-SHAY ; born November 9 , 1973 ) is an American actor , singer , and television personality . He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees , and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds : Nick and Jessica with his then-wife , Jessica Simpson . He has released four solo albums : SoulO , What 's Left of Me , A Father 's Lullaby , and Soundtrack of My Life . He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed ."}]}, {'value': 'Aaron Eckhart , Mike Sorrentino , Perfect Holiday Gift Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Eckhart', 'summary': "Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American actor . Born in Cupertino , California , Eckhart moved to England at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor . As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) . Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and , in 2006 , he received a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Paycheck ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) , Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) and its sequel London Has Fallen ( 2016 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , and Sully ( 2016 ) , Midway ( 2019 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mike_Sorrentino', 'summary': "Michael Sorrentino ( born July 4 , 1982 ) , also known as The Situation , is an American television personality . He appeared on all six seasons of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore , from 2009 through 2012 . In September 2019 , Sorrentino completed an eight-month prison sentence related to his felony conviction for tax evasion , and then resumed his reality-TV role with MTV 's Jersey Shore . Although currently on probation , he is allowed to participate in Jersey Shore Family Vacation as a reality TV star representing himself . In his series , on social media and in the mainstream media , he often openly talks about his felony conviction ."}]}, {'value': 'December 13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jessica Alba , Ice-T , Crystal Bowersox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Alba', 'summary': "Jessica Marie Alba ( /ˈælbə/ ; born April 28 , 1981 ) is an American actress and businesswoman . She began her television and movie appearances at age 13 in Camp Nowhere and The Secret World of Alex Mack ( 1994 ) , but rose to prominence at 19 , as the lead actress of the television series Dark Angel ( 2000-2002 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe nomination . Her big screen breakthrough came in Honey ( 2003 ) . She soon established herself as a Hollywood actress , and has starred in numerous box office hits throughout her career , including Fantastic Four ( 2005 ) , Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer ( 2007 ) , Good Luck Chuck ( 2007 ) , The Eye ( 2008 ) , Valentine 's Day ( 2010 ) , Little Fockers ( 2010 ) , and Mechanic : Resurrection ( 2016 ) . She is a frequent collaborator of director Robert Rodriguez , having starred in Sin City ( 2005 ) , Machete ( 2010 ) , Spy Kids : All the Time in the World ( 2011 ) , Machete Kills ( 2013 ) , and Sin City : A Dame to Kill For ( 2014 ) . Since 2019 , Alba stars in the Spectrum action crime series L.A. 's Finest . Alba co-founded The Honest Company , a consumer goods company that sells baby , personal and household products . Magazines including Men 's Health , Vanity Fair and FHM have included her on their lists of the world 's most beautiful women ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ice-T', 'summary': "Tracy Lauren Marrow ( born February 16 , 1958 ) , better known by his stage name Ice-T , is an American musician , rapper , songwriter , actor , record producer , and author . He began his career as an underground rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987 , when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays ; the second hip-hop album to carry an explicit content sticker after Slick Rick 's La Di Da Di . The following year , he founded the record label Rhyme $ yndicate Records ( named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the Rhyme $ yndicate ) and released another album , Power , which went on to go Platinum . He also released several other albums that went Gold . He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count , which he introduced on his 1991 rap album O.G . : Original Gangster , on the track titled Body Count . The band released their self-titled debut album in 1992 . Ice-T encountered controversy over his track Cop Killer , the lyrics of which discussed killing police officers . Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. Records , and his next solo album , Home Invasion , was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records . Body Count 's next album was released in 1994 , and Ice-T released two more albums in the late-1990s . Since 2000 , he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Crystal_Bowersox', 'summary': "Crystal Lynn Bowersox ( born August 4 , 1985 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actress who was the runner-up on the ninth season of American Idol . She was the first female finalist in three years . Bowersox 's debut album , Farmer 's Daughter , was released on December 14 , 2010 by Jive Records . Bowersox released her second album , All That for This , on March 26 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Bridges , Ricky Gervais , Annie Lennox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Bridges', 'summary': 'Jeffrey Leon Bridges ( born December 4 , 1949 ) is an American actor , singer , comedian and producer . He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series Sea Hunt ( 1958-60 ) , with his father , Lloyd Bridges and brother , Beau Bridges . He won numerous accolades , including the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Otis Bad Blake in the 2009 film Crazy Heart , and earned Academy Award nominations for his roles in The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) , Bad Company ( 1972 ) , Thunderbolt and Lightfoot ( 1974 ) , Starman ( 1984 ) , The Contender ( 2000 ) , True Grit ( 2010 ) , and Hell or High Water ( 2016 ) . His other films include Tron ( 1982 ) , Jagged Edge ( 1985 ) , The Fabulous Baker Boys ( 1989 ) , The Fisher King ( 1991 ) , Fearless ( 1993 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , Seabiscuit ( 2003 ) , Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Tron : Legacy ( 2010 ) , and The Giver ( 2014 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Gervais', 'summary': "Ricky Dene Gervais ( /dʒərˈveɪz/ jer-VAYS ; born 25 June 1961 ) is an English stand-up comedian , actor , writer , film producer , director , and musician . He is perhaps best known for co-creating , writing , and acting in the British television series The Office ( 2001-2003 ) . He has won seven BAFTA Awards , five British Comedy Awards , two Emmy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and the Rose d'Or twice ( 2006 and 2019 ) , as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination . In 2007 , he was placed at No . 11 on Channel 4 's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups and at No . 3 on the updated 2010 list . In 2010 , he was named on the Time 100 list of the world 's most influential people . Gervais initially worked in the music industry , attempting a career as a pop star in the 1980s as the singer of the new-wave act Seona Dancing and working as the manager of the then unknown band Suede before turning to comedy . Gervais appeared on The 11 O'Clock Show on Channel 4 between 1998 and 2000 , garnering a reputation as a blunt and often controversial social critic . In 2000 , he was given a Channel 4 spoof talk show , Meet Ricky Gervais . He achieved greater mainstream fame the following year with his BBC television mock documentary series The Office . It was followed by Extras in 2005 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Annie_Lennox', 'summary': "Ann Lennox OBE ( born 25 December 1954 ) is a Scottish singer-songwriter , political activist and philanthropist . After achieving moderate success in the late 1970s as part of the new wave band The Tourists , she and fellow musician Dave Stewart went on to achieve international success in the 1980s as Eurythmics . Appearing in the 1983 music video for Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) with orange cropped hair and wearing a man 's business suit , the BBC states , all eyes were on Annie Lennox , the singer whose powerful androgynous look defied the male gaze . Subsequent hits with Eurythmics include There Must Be an Angel ( Playing with My Heart ) and Here Comes the Rain Again . Lennox embarked on a solo career in 1992 with her debut album , Diva , which produced several hit singles including Why and Walking on Broken Glass . The same year , she performed Love Song for a Vampire for Bram Stoker 's Dracula . Her 1995 studio album , Medusa , includes No More I Love You 's and A Whiter Shade of Pale . To date , she has released six solo studio albums and a compilation album , The Annie Lennox Collection ( 2009 ) . With eight Brit Awards , which includes being named Best British Female Artist a record six times , Lennox has been named the Brits Champion of Champions . She has also collected four Grammy Awards and an MTV Video Music Award . In 2002 , Lennox received a Billboard Century Award ; the highest accolade from Billboard magazine . In 2004 , she received both the Golden Globe and the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Into the West , written for the soundtrack to the feature film The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King ."}]}, {'value': 'December 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Paul Rudd , Biggest Loser winner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Rudd', 'summary': "Paul Stephen Rudd ( born April 6 , 1969 ) is an American actor , comedian , screenwriter , and producer . He studied theater at the University of Kansas and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making his acting debut in 1992 with NBC 's drama series Sisters . Rudd 's films include Clueless ( 1995 ) , Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , Wet Hot American Summer ( 2001 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , The 40-Year-Old Virgin ( 2005 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , This Is 40 ( 2012 ) , Mute ( 2018 ) , and Ideal Home ( 2018 ) . He also has played Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , appearing in Ant-Man ( 2015 ) , Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) , Ant-Man and the Wasp ( 2018 ) , and Avengers : Endgame ( 2019 ) . In addition to his film career , Rudd has appeared in numerous television shows , including the NBC sitcom Friends as Mike Hannigan , along with guest roles on Tim and Eric Awesome Show , Great Job ! and Parks and Recreation , and has also hosted Saturday Night Live . He currently stars in a dual role in the Netflix comedy series Living with Yourself , for which he earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor - Television Series Musical or Comedy . He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in July 2015 . He was named as part of the Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Biggest_Loser', 'summary': 'The Biggest Loser is a reality television format which started with the American TV show The Biggest Loser in 2004 . The show centers on overweight and obese contestants attempting to lose the most weight ; the winner receives a cash prize . There are different variations of The Biggest Loser around the world . Each country has made its own adaptation of the show ; however , the contestants always have the same goal : to lose the highest percentage of weight ( or most weight ) to become the biggest loser . There is no minimum or maximum weight limit for the show but most males tend to weigh over or near 300 lb ( 136 kg ) . Females tend to weigh over or near 200 lb ( 91 kg ) . In addition to individual contestants , some seasons in some international adaptations have featured couples or even whole families .'}]}, {'value': 'December 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Reese Witherspoon , Teri Polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon', 'summary': "Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon ( born March 22 , 1976 ) is an American actress , producer , and entrepreneur . The recipient of several accolades , including an Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award , she is among the highest-paid actresses in the world , as of 2019 . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2006 and 2015 , and Forbes listed her among the World 's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2019 . Born in New Orleans , Louisiana , and raised in Nashville , Tennessee , Witherspoon began her career as a teenager , making her screen debut in The Man in the Moon ( 1991 ) . Following a leading role opposite Mark Wahlberg in Fear ( 1996 ) , her breakthrough came in 1999 with a supporting role in Cruel Intentions and for her portrayal of Tracy Flick in the black comedy Election . She achieved wider recognition with her role as Elle Woods in the comedy Legally Blonde ( 2001 ) and its 2003 sequel , and for her starring role in the romantic comedy Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) . In 2005 , her portrayal of June Carter Cash in the biographical musical film Walk the Line garnered critical acclaim and won her the Academy Award for Best Actress . Following a career downturn , during which her sole commercial success was the romantic drama Water for Elephants ( 2011 ) , Witherspoon made her career comeback when she produced the thriller Gone Girl and the drama Wild ( both 2014 ) , under her production company Hello Sunshine . She also starred as Cheryl Strayed in the latter , for which she received a second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . Witherspoon ventured into television by producing and starring in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies ( 2017-2019 ) and the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show ( 2019 ) . For the former , she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series . Witherspoon also owns a clothing company Draper James , and she is actively involved in children 's and women 's advocacy organizations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Teri_Polo', 'summary': "Theresa Elizabeth Teri Polo ( born June 1 , 1969 ) is an American actress . She starred as Pam Byrnes-Focker in the Meet the Parents trilogy . She was one of the stars of the sitcom I 'm with Her ( 2003-2004 ) , had a recurring role as Helen Santos on the political drama series The West Wing ( 2005-2006 ) and played the role of police officer Stef Adams Foster in the ABC Family series The Fosters ( 2013-2018 ) and its spinoff Good Trouble ( 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'December 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert De Niro , Michael Eisner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_De_Niro', 'summary': "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. ( /də ˈnɪəroʊ/ , Italian : [ de ˈniːro ] ; born August 17 , 1943 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He has received numerous accolades , including two Academy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , the Cecil B. DeMille Award , the Golden Lion , the AFI Life Achievement Award , Presidential Medal of Freedom , and has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , four Primetime Emmy Awards , and four Screen Actors Guild Awards . He also has Italian citizenship . De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film The Godfather Part II ; he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film Raging Bull . De Niro 's first major film roles were in the sports drama Bang the Drum Slowly ( 1973 ) and Scorsese 's crime film Mean Streets ( 1973 ) . He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) and Cape Fear ( 1991 ) , both directed by Scorsese . De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino 's Vietnam war drama The Deer Hunter ( 1978 ) , Penny Marshall 's drama Awakenings ( 1990 ) , and David O. Russell 's romantic comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) . He earned BAFTA Award nominations for playing Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy The King of Comedy ( 1983 ) and gangster Jimmy Conway in the crime film Goodfellas ( 1990 ) . De Niro has earned four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , for his work in the musical drama New York , New York ( 1977 ) , the action comedy Midnight Run ( 1988 ) , the gangster comedy Analyze This ( 1999 ) , and the comedy Meet the Parents ( 2000 ) . Other notable performances include roles in 1900 ( 1976 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Once Upon a Time in America ( 1984 ) , Brazil ( 1985 ) , The Mission ( 1986 ) , The Untouchables ( 1987 ) , This Boy 's Life ( 1993 ) , Heat ( 1995 ) , Casino ( 1995 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Ronin ( 1998 ) , Joker ( 2019 ) , and The Irishman ( 2019 ) . He has directed and starred in films such as the crime drama A Bronx Tale ( 1993 ) and the spy film The Good Shepherd ( 2006 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Eisner', 'summary': 'Michael Dammann Eisner ( born March 7 , 1942 ) is an American businessman . Eisner was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) of The Walt Disney Company from September 1984 to September 2005 . Prior to Disney , Eisner was President and CEO of rival film studio Paramount Pictures from 1976 to 1984 , and had brief stints at the major television networks NBC , CBS , and ABC .'}]}, {'value': 'December 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Ben Stiller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Stiller', 'summary': "Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller ( born November 30 , 1965 ) is an American actor , comedian , writer , producer , musician and director . He is the son of veteran comedians and actors Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara . After beginning his acting career with a play , Stiller wrote several mockumentaries and was offered his own show , titled The Ben Stiller Show , which he produced and hosted for its 13-episode run . Having previously acted in television , he began acting in films . He made his directorial debut with Reality Bites . Throughout his career he has written , starred in , directed , or produced more than 50 films including The Secret Life of Walter Mitty , Zoolander , The Cable Guy , There 's Something About Mary , the Meet the Parents trilogy , DodgeBall , Tropic Thunder , the Madagascar series , and the Night at the Museum trilogy . He has also made numerous cameos in music videos , television shows , and films . Stiller is a member of a group of comedic actors colloquially known as the Frat Pack . His films have grossed more than $ 2.6 billion in Canada and the United States , with an average of $ 79 million per film . Throughout his career , he has received various awards and honors , including an Emmy Award , multiple MTV Movie Awards , a Britannia Award and a Teen Choice Award ."}]}, {'value': 'December 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "LIVE 's Holiday Skating Party , Bette Midler , Katharine McPhee , Disney On Ice", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bette_Midler', 'summary': "Bette Midler ( /bɛt/ ; born December 1 , 1945 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , comedian , and film producer . Born in Honolulu , Hawaii , Midler began her professional career in several Off-Off-Broadway plays , prior to her engagements in Fiddler on the Roof and Salvation on Broadway in the late 1960s . She came to prominence in 1970 when she began singing in the Continental Baths , a local gay bathhouse where she managed to build up a core following . Since 1970 , Midler has released 14 studio albums as a solo artist . Throughout her career , many of her songs became hits on the record charts , including her renditions of The Rose , Wind Beneath My Wings , Do You Want to Dance , Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy , and From a Distance . Midler made her motion picture debut in 1979 with The Rose , which earned her a Golden Globe for Best Actress , as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . She has since starred in a number of hit films , which include : Down and Out in Beverly Hills ( 1986 ) , Ruthless People ( 1986 ) , Outrageous Fortune ( 1987 ) , Big Business ( 1988 ) , Beaches ( 1988 ) , Hocus Pocus ( 1993 ) , The First Wives Club ( 1996 ) , The Stepford Wives ( 2004 ) , and Parental Guidance ( 2012 ) . She also starred in For the Boys ( 1991 ) and Gypsy ( 1993 ) , winning two additional Golden Globes for these films and receiving a second Academy Award nomination for the former . In 2008 , she signed a contract with Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform a show titled Bette Midler : The Showgirl Must Go On , which ended in 2010 . In a career spanning almost half a century , Midler has won three Grammy Awards , four Golden Globes , three Emmy Awards , and a Tony Award . She has sold over 30 million records worldwide , and has received four Gold , three Platinum , and three Multiplatinum albums by RIAA . Midler 's latest work included appearing on Broadway in a revival of Hello , Dolly ! , which began preview performances on March 15 , 2017 and premiered at the Shubert Theatre on April 20 , 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Katharine_McPhee', 'summary': "Katharine Hope McPhee Foster ( born March 25 , 1984 ) is an American actress , singer , and songwriter . In May 2006 , she was the runner-up on the fifth season of American Idol . Her self-titled debut album was released on RCA Records on January 30 , 2007 , and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , selling 381,000 copies ( as of December 2010 ) . The album 's first single , Over It , was a Pop Top 30 hit and was certified gold in 2008 . Her second album , Unbroken , was released on Verve Forecast Records on January 5 , 2010 , and debuted at No . 27 on the Billboard 200 . The album featured the single Had It All , which peaked at number 22 on the AC chart . It has sold 45,000 copies as of January 2011 . Her third album , the holiday-themed Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You , was released on October 12 , 2010 . The album debuted at number 11 on the Billboard Top Holiday Albums chart , while the single Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas peaked at number 16 on the Billboard AC chart . As of January 2011 , this album had sold 23,000 copies . McPhee released her fourth album , Hysteria , on September 18 , 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Disney_On_Ice', 'summary': "Disney on Ice , originally Walt Disney 's World on Ice , is a series of touring ice shows produced by Feld Entertainment 's Ice Follies And Holiday on Ice , Inc. under agreement with The Walt Disney Company . Aimed primarily at children , the shows feature figure skaters portraying the roles of Disney characters in performances derived from various Disney films . Feld Entertainment licensed the rights to Disney material for ice shows and includes shared merchandising revenue between Disney and Ice Follies ."}]}, {'value': 'December 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "LIVE 's Holiday Flashback Special : Raiding the Live Vault", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': '2010 Farewell Special : A Year In Review', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'December 2010', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live!_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(Season_23)_3', 'intro': "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 23rd season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment."}
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Which sitcom is the guest best known for , who appears on the same episode as the actress from Who 's the Boss ?
Everybody Loves Raymond
fed136397a0186d3
hybridqa
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_ice_hockey", 'title': "Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey", 'header': ['Year', 'Champion', 'Score', 'Runner-up', 'City', 'Arena'], 'data': [{'value': '1948', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1948_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1948 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1947-48 NCAA men 's ice hockey season , the 1st such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 18 and 20 , 1948 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Dartmouth 8-4 . All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs , Colorado . This inaugural tournament possesses two distinctions beyond being the first of its kind : it was the championship with the fewest games played ( 3 ) with all succeeding tournaments having a minimum of 4 games . Additionally , the overtime rules used were not sudden-death , allowing Michigan to score multiple times in the first overtime game in tournament history ( the next overtime game would not happen until 1954 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dartmouth', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Dartmouth_Big_Green_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Dartmouth Big Green men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Dartmouth College . The Big Green are a member of ECAC Hockey . They play at the Thompson Arena in Hanover , New Hampshire ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadmoor Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadmoor_World_Arena', 'summary': 'The Broadmoor World Arena was a skating rink and hockey arena located at The Broadmoor Resort & Spa in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Originally an outdoor equestrian center and riding academy , the building was enclosed and converted into an ice arena which opened in January 1938 . It was the original home of the Colorado College Tigers hockey team , as well as the Broadmoor Skating Club , a major force in the figure skating community . The building served as the first home of the NCAA Hockey Championships , hosting the first ten Final Fours ( 1948-1957 ) and once more , in 1969 . The arena served as host to the International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships in 1962 . It also hosted the World Figure Skating Championships five times between 1957 and 1975 . With wooden seats , red aisle carpeting and wildlife paintings on the walls , the arena had an intimate atmosphere that reflected its lakeside , resort hotel setting . The arena was the primary arena setting in the 1978 movie Ice Castles . In 1993 , the Broadmoor announced that it would be closing the arena to make room for a $ 27 million expansion of the resort . It closed in March 1994 . The last major event held at the arena was the 1994 World Junior Figure Skating Championships . The Tigers moved their hockey games to the similarly-named World Arena .'}]}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1951_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1951 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1950-51 NCAA men 's ice hockey season , the 4th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 15 and 17 , 1951 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Brown 7-1 . All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs , Colorado . This was the last tournament to include only independent schools . ( As of 2016 )"}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brown', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Brown_Bears_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Brown Bears men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Brown University . The Bears are a member of ECAC Hockey . They play at the Meehan Auditorium in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadmoor Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadmoor_World_Arena', 'summary': 'The Broadmoor World Arena was a skating rink and hockey arena located at The Broadmoor Resort & Spa in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Originally an outdoor equestrian center and riding academy , the building was enclosed and converted into an ice arena which opened in January 1938 . It was the original home of the Colorado College Tigers hockey team , as well as the Broadmoor Skating Club , a major force in the figure skating community . The building served as the first home of the NCAA Hockey Championships , hosting the first ten Final Fours ( 1948-1957 ) and once more , in 1969 . The arena served as host to the International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships in 1962 . It also hosted the World Figure Skating Championships five times between 1957 and 1975 . With wooden seats , red aisle carpeting and wildlife paintings on the walls , the arena had an intimate atmosphere that reflected its lakeside , resort hotel setting . The arena was the primary arena setting in the 1978 movie Ice Castles . In 1993 , the Broadmoor announced that it would be closing the arena to make room for a $ 27 million expansion of the resort . It closed in March 1994 . The last major event held at the arena was the 1994 World Junior Figure Skating Championships . The Tigers moved their hockey games to the similarly-named World Arena .'}]}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1952_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1952 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1951-52 NCAA men 's ice hockey season , the 5th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 13 and 15 , 1952 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Colorado College 4-1 . All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs , Colorado . This was the first tournament to include teams that played in a conference . The MCHL had been created before the start of the season and through both of the conference representatives had appeared in the tournament previously both were independent . The Tri-State League also sent its first representative to the tournament after the conference began play the year before ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colorado_College_Tigers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Colorado College Tigers men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Colorado College . The Tigers are a member of National Collegiate Hockey Conference . They play at the World Arena in Colorado Springs , Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadmoor Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadmoor_World_Arena', 'summary': 'The Broadmoor World Arena was a skating rink and hockey arena located at The Broadmoor Resort & Spa in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Originally an outdoor equestrian center and riding academy , the building was enclosed and converted into an ice arena which opened in January 1938 . It was the original home of the Colorado College Tigers hockey team , as well as the Broadmoor Skating Club , a major force in the figure skating community . The building served as the first home of the NCAA Hockey Championships , hosting the first ten Final Fours ( 1948-1957 ) and once more , in 1969 . The arena served as host to the International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships in 1962 . It also hosted the World Figure Skating Championships five times between 1957 and 1975 . With wooden seats , red aisle carpeting and wildlife paintings on the walls , the arena had an intimate atmosphere that reflected its lakeside , resort hotel setting . The arena was the primary arena setting in the 1978 movie Ice Castles . In 1993 , the Broadmoor announced that it would be closing the arena to make room for a $ 27 million expansion of the resort . It closed in March 1994 . The last major event held at the arena was the 1994 World Junior Figure Skating Championships . The Tigers moved their hockey games to the similarly-named World Arena .'}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1953_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1953 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1952-53 NCAA men 's ice hockey season , the sixth such tournament in NCAA history . It was held from March 12 to 14 , 1953 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Minnesota 7-3 . All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Michigan 's win capped off its third consecutive National Championship . As of 2018 no team has been able to match that achievement . Additionally , their 14 goals in the semifinal game against Boston University were the most ever for an NCAA tournament game , matched only by Minnesota in 1954 . The Wolverines ' goal differential ( +16 ) is also a record for an NCAA tournament , equaling the record set by Colorado College in 1950 and matched by Wisconsin in 1983 . For the first time since the tournament began the 'Most Outstanding Player ' was awarded to someone from the championship team ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team at the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota . They are members of the Big Ten Conference and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . The Golden Gophers have won five NCAA national championships , in 1974 , 1976 , 1979 , 2002 and 2003 . The team also shared the 1929 National Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship with Yale . and captured the national Amateur Athletic Union ( AAU ) championship for amateur hockey in 1940 . The Gophers are currently coached by Bob Motzko . Under Don Lucia the Gophers earned a spot in the NCAA tournament in eight seasons during a nine-year time span , including five number 1 seeds and three appearances in the Frozen Four . The team 's main rivalries are with the University of Wisconsin and the University of North Dakota , although several other schools claim Minnesota as their archrival . For much of the team 's recent history , there has been a strong emphasis on recruiting native Minnesotan high school and junior hockey players , as opposed to out-of-state , Canadian , or European players . This helped high school ice hockey grow in Minnesota , particularly starting with Hall of Famer John Mariucci , who refused to recruit players from Canada . Minnesota high school ice hockey programs grew from a handful in the 1950s to over 150 in 1980 . Head coach Doug Woog championed home-grown talent the most , he only recruited from Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadmoor Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadmoor_World_Arena', 'summary': 'The Broadmoor World Arena was a skating rink and hockey arena located at The Broadmoor Resort & Spa in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Originally an outdoor equestrian center and riding academy , the building was enclosed and converted into an ice arena which opened in January 1938 . It was the original home of the Colorado College Tigers hockey team , as well as the Broadmoor Skating Club , a major force in the figure skating community . The building served as the first home of the NCAA Hockey Championships , hosting the first ten Final Fours ( 1948-1957 ) and once more , in 1969 . The arena served as host to the International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships in 1962 . It also hosted the World Figure Skating Championships five times between 1957 and 1975 . With wooden seats , red aisle carpeting and wildlife paintings on the walls , the arena had an intimate atmosphere that reflected its lakeside , resort hotel setting . The arena was the primary arena setting in the 1978 movie Ice Castles . In 1993 , the Broadmoor announced that it would be closing the arena to make room for a $ 27 million expansion of the resort . It closed in March 1994 . The last major event held at the arena was the 1994 World Junior Figure Skating Championships . The Tigers moved their hockey games to the similarly-named World Arena .'}]}, {'value': '1955', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1955_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1955 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1954-55 NCAA men 's ice hockey season , the 8th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 10 and 12 , 1955 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Colorado College 5-3 . All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs , Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colorado_College_Tigers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Colorado College Tigers men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Colorado College . The Tigers are a member of National Collegiate Hockey Conference . They play at the World Arena in Colorado Springs , Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadmoor Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadmoor_World_Arena', 'summary': 'The Broadmoor World Arena was a skating rink and hockey arena located at The Broadmoor Resort & Spa in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Originally an outdoor equestrian center and riding academy , the building was enclosed and converted into an ice arena which opened in January 1938 . It was the original home of the Colorado College Tigers hockey team , as well as the Broadmoor Skating Club , a major force in the figure skating community . The building served as the first home of the NCAA Hockey Championships , hosting the first ten Final Fours ( 1948-1957 ) and once more , in 1969 . The arena served as host to the International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships in 1962 . It also hosted the World Figure Skating Championships five times between 1957 and 1975 . With wooden seats , red aisle carpeting and wildlife paintings on the walls , the arena had an intimate atmosphere that reflected its lakeside , resort hotel setting . The arena was the primary arena setting in the 1978 movie Ice Castles . In 1993 , the Broadmoor announced that it would be closing the arena to make room for a $ 27 million expansion of the resort . It closed in March 1994 . The last major event held at the arena was the 1994 World Junior Figure Skating Championships . The Tigers moved their hockey games to the similarly-named World Arena .'}]}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1956_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1956 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1955-56 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 9th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 15 and 17 , 1956 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Michigan Tech 7-5 . All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Vic Heyliger captured his 6th and final National title with the Wolverines , all done in the first 9 years of the tournament . As of 2016 he stands as the coach with the most championships overall and the most with one team ( 6 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michigan Tech', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Tech_Huskies_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Michigan Tech Huskies men 's ice hockey team is an NCAA Division I college ice hockey program that represents Michigan Technological University . The Huskies are a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . They play at the MacInnes Student Ice Arena in Houghton , Michigan . The Huskies host and compete in the annual Great Lakes Invitational held in December of each year . The four-team tournament was played for the 50th year in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'Broadmoor Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadmoor_World_Arena', 'summary': 'The Broadmoor World Arena was a skating rink and hockey arena located at The Broadmoor Resort & Spa in Colorado Springs , Colorado . Originally an outdoor equestrian center and riding academy , the building was enclosed and converted into an ice arena which opened in January 1938 . It was the original home of the Colorado College Tigers hockey team , as well as the Broadmoor Skating Club , a major force in the figure skating community . The building served as the first home of the NCAA Hockey Championships , hosting the first ten Final Fours ( 1948-1957 ) and once more , in 1969 . The arena served as host to the International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships in 1962 . It also hosted the World Figure Skating Championships five times between 1957 and 1975 . With wooden seats , red aisle carpeting and wildlife paintings on the walls , the arena had an intimate atmosphere that reflected its lakeside , resort hotel setting . The arena was the primary arena setting in the 1978 movie Ice Castles . In 1993 , the Broadmoor announced that it would be closing the arena to make room for a $ 27 million expansion of the resort . It closed in March 1994 . The last major event held at the arena was the 1994 World Junior Figure Skating Championships . The Tigers moved their hockey games to the similarly-named World Arena .'}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1964_NCAA_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1964 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1963-64 NCAA men 's ice hockey season , the 17th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 19 and 21 , 1964 , and concluded with Michigan defeating Denver 6-3 . All games were played at the University of Denver Arena in Denver , Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denver', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Denver_Pioneers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Denver Pioneers men 's ice hockey team is a 70-year old National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Denver . The Pioneers are a member of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference ( NCHC ) . They play at Magness Arena in Denver , Colorado . The Pioneers are tied with North Dakota for second in all-time NCAA National Hockey Championships with eight ( 1958 , 1960 , 1961 , 1968 , 1969 , 2004 , 2005 , 2017 ) trailing only Michigan with nine . Since the creation of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association in 1959 , the Pioneers have won 9 WCHA Regular Season Championships ( now the recipients of the MacNaughton Cup ) and 14 WCHA Playoff Championships ( now the recipients of the Broadmoor Trophy ) . About 75 Pioneers have gone on to play in the National Hockey League , including Keith Magnuson , Kevin Dineen , Matt Carle ( 2006 Hobey Baker Award winner ) , Paul Stastny and Will Butcher ( 2017 Hobey Baker Award winner ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denver', 'summary': 'Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/ ) , officially the City and County of Denver , is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado . Denver is located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 716,492 in 2018 , Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city , and with a 19.38% increase since the 2010 United States Census , it has been one of the fastest-growing major cities in the United States . The metropolitan city is located in the middle of the extensive Southern Rocky Mountain Front with Cheyenne , Wyoming , to the north and Albuquerque , New Mexico , to the south , this rapidly growing region has a population of 5,467,633 , according to the 2010 United States Census . The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River , approximately 12 mi ( 19 km ) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains . Denver is named after James W. Denver , a governor of the Kansas Territory . It is nicknamed the Mile High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile ( 5280 feet or 1609.3 meters ) above sea level . The 105th meridian west of Greenwich , the longitudinal reference for the Mountain Time Zone , passes directly through Denver Union Station . Denver is ranked as a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 2,932,415 and is the 19th most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area . The 12-city Denver-Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 3,572,798 and is the 15th most populous U.S. metropolitan area . Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong urban region stretching across two states with an estimated 2018 population of 4,976,781 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Colorado', 'summary': 'Colorado ( /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ , -ˈrɑːdoʊ/ ( listen ) , other variants ) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains . It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state . The estimated population of Colorado is 5,770,545 as of 2019 , an increase of 14.7% since the 2010 United States Census . The state was named for the Colorado River , which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado ( Red River ) for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains . The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28 , 1861 , and on August 1 , 1876 , U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state . Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence . Colorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north , Nebraska to the northeast , Kansas to the east , Oklahoma to the southeast , New Mexico to the south , Utah to the west , and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners . Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains , forests , high plains , mesas , canyons , plateaus , rivers and desert lands . Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States . Denver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado . Residents of the state are known as Coloradans , although the antiquated term Coloradoan is occasionally used .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Denver Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Denver_Arena', 'summary': 'University of Denver Arena was a 5,200-seat multi-purpose arena in the western United States , in Denver , Colorado . It was home to the University of Denver Pioneers ice hockey team , and also hosted several Frozen Fours . It was razed in 1997 to make room for the $ 75 million Magness Arena , part of the Ritchie Center for Sports and Wellness , which opened in 1999 . The structure was originally a U.S. Navy drill hall in northern Idaho , built in the early 1940s at Farragut Naval Training Station at Lake Pend Oreille . It was donated after World War II and reassembled on the DU campus in 1948-49 to house the new ice hockey program and served for nearly half a century . The arena was refurbished in 1972-73 when the roof needed repairs , and 14 seven-ton steel trussess were added to shore up the roof . Additional patchwork renovations were added in the 1990s , prior to razing the building in 1997 . The best known features of the arena were the steep bleacher balcony at the south end , and the 1970s rainbow painted on the north end wall . Famous hockey games held there include the NCAA ice hockey finals in 1961 , 1964 , and 1976 .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1996_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1996 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament involved 12 schools playing in single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men 's National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 22 , 1996 , and ended with the championship game on March 30 . A total of 11 games were played . The top two seeds in each region received a bye into the tournament quarterfinals . In the Regional Semifinals , Michigan 's Mike Legg scored one of the most memorable goals in tournament history . The University of Michigan , coached by Red Berenson , won the national championship with a 3-2 victory over Colorado College in overtime in front of 12,957 fans ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Colorado_College_Tigers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Colorado College Tigers men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Colorado College . The Tigers are a member of National Collegiate Hockey Conference . They play at the World Arena in Colorado Springs , Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , OH', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ohio', 'summary': "Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ ( listen ) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . Of the fifty states , it is the 34th largest by area , the seventh most populous , and the tenth most densely populated . The state 's capital and largest city is Columbus . Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north , Pennsylvania to the east , West Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , Indiana to the west , and Michigan to the northwest . The state takes its name from the Ohio River , whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo ' , meaning good river , great river or large creek . Partitioned from the Northwest Territory , Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 , and the first under the Northwest Ordinance . Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees , and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes . Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier , to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union , to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st . The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch , led by the governor ; the legislative branch , which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly ; and the judicial branch , led by the state Supreme Court . Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives . Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections . Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state ."}]}, {'value': 'Riverfront Coliseum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Bank_Arena', 'summary': "Heritage Bank Center is an indoor arena located in downtown Cincinnati , along the banks of the Ohio River , next to the Great American Ball Park . It was completed in September 1975 and named Riverfront Coliseum because of its placement next to Riverfront Stadium . In 1997 the facility became known as The Crown , and in 1999 it changed its name again to Firstar Center after Firstar Bank assumed naming rights . In 2002 , following Firstar 's merger with U.S. Bank , the arena took on the name U.S. Bank Arena and kept that name until 2019 . The arena seats 17,556 people and is the largest indoor arena in the Greater Cincinnati region with 346,100 square feet ( 32,150 m2 ) of space . The arena underwent a $ 14 million renovation project in 1997 . The current main tenant is the Cincinnati Cyclones of the ECHL . The arena was the home of the Cincinnati Stingers of the World Hockey Association from 1975 to 1979 . Since then , the arena has hosted two minor league hockey teams and various concerts , political rallies , tennis tournaments , figure skating , professional wrestling , traveling circus and rodeo shows , and other events . Heritage Bank Center served as a host for the Midwest Regional of the 2014 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament with Miami University as the host school . The facility 's longest-serving tenant was the Cincinnati Bearcats men 's basketball program of the University of Cincinnati , who used the arena from its completion until 1987 , when the team moved to Cincinnati Gardens and eventually to the on-campus Fifth Third Arena . Until the opening of Fifth Third Arena at the University of Cincinnati and BB & T Arena at Northern Kentucky University , commencement ceremonies for these schools were held at Heritage Bank Center ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1998_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1998 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament involved 12 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college ice hockey . It began on March 27 , 1998 , and ended with the championship game on April 4 . A total of 11 games were played ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston , MA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston', 'summary': "Boston ( UK : /ˈbɒstən/ , US : /ˈbɔːstən/ ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States , and the 21st most populous city in the United States . The city proper covers 49 square miles ( 127 km2 ) with an estimated population of 694,583 in 2018 , also making it the most populous city in New England . Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . As a combined statistical area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people , making it the sixth most populous in the United States . Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States , founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public park ( Boston Common , 1634 ) , first public or state school ( Boston Latin School , 1635 ) and first subway system ( Tremont Street Subway , 1897 ) . Today , Boston is a thriving center of scientific research as well as port of entry for commerce and international immigration ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Massachusetts', 'summary': "Massachusetts ( /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ ( listen ) , /-zɪts/ ) , officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The capital of Massachusetts is Boston , which is also the most populous city in New England . It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts 's economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the second colony in New England after Popham Colony in 1607 in what is now Maine . Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention ."}]}, {'value': 'Fleet Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TD_Garden', 'summary': "TD Garden , often called The Garden , is a multi-purpose arena in Boston , Massachusetts . It is named after its sponsor , TD Bank , a subsidiary of Canada 's Toronto-Dominion Bank . It opened in 1995 as a replacement for the original Boston Garden and has been known as FleetCenter , and TD Banknorth Garden . The arena is located directly above the MBTA 's North Station . TD Garden is the home arena for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association . It is owned by Delaware North , whose CEO , Jeremy Jacobs , also owns the Bruins , and Mike Key . It is the site of the annual Beanpot college hockey tournament , and hosts the annual Hockey East Championships . The arena has also hosted many major national sporting events including the 1999 and 2003 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball regional first and second rounds , the 2009 , 2012 , and 2018 Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight , the 1998 Frozen Four , the 2004 Frozen Four , the 2014 United States Figure Skating Championships , the 2006 Women 's Final Four , and the 2015 Frozen Four . It hosted games 3 , 4 , and 6 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals and the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals for the Bruins , Games 1 , 2 , 5 , and 7 of the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals for the Bruins , and games 1 , 2 , and 6 of the 2008 NBA Finals and games 3 , 4 , and 5 of the 2010 NBA Finals for the Celtics . Furthermore , it hosted the NA LCS 2017 Summer Split Finals . TD Garden is also set to host the 2020 Laver Cup , an international mens tennis tournament ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Team history -- NCAA National championships', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "Michigan_Wolverines_men's_ice_hockey_0", 'intro': "The Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Earning varsity status in 1922, the program has competed in 97 seasons. Between 1959 and 1981, the team competed in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) before joining the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) until the 2012-13 season. Since the 2013-14 season, the Wolverines have competed in the Big Ten, which began sponsoring hockey. From 1991-2012, the team played in 22 consecutive NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournaments; an NCAA record. The Wolverines have won an NCAA-record nine Division I NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championships, seven of which came during a 17-year stretch between 1948 and 1964. Two more championships were won under head coach Red Berenson in 1996 and 1998. Michigan has had many successes as a program including a record-setting number of championships, total championship tournament appearances, and consecutive tournament appearances. In 2010, Michigan hosted a Guinness verified world record crowd in excess of 113,000 in an event known as The Big Chill. Players from the program have earned numerous honors, professional championships, international championships, individual statistical championships, team and individual records. The team is currently led by Mel Pearson, a former assistant to coach Red Berenson who retired in 2017 after leading the program for 33 years. Berenson for nearly fifty years has continued to hold the school single-season goal scoring record, and was the second player in the program's history to win the Stanley Cup."}
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What was the first of this event to be held during the same year that a team was defeated by 3 ?
Great Lakes Invitational
fed19762bda7b6c0
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Campeonato_Paulista', 'title': '2010 Campeonato Paulista', 'header': ['Club', 'Home city', '2009 result'], 'data': [{'value': 'Botafogo-SP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botafogo_Futebol_Clube_(SP)', 'summary': 'Botafogo Futebol Clube is a Brazilian association football club based in Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo state , founded on October 12 , 1918 . The club currently competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B after achieving promotion in 2018 , and in the Campeonato Paulista .'}]}, {'value': 'Ribeirão Preto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ribeirão_Preto', 'summary': "Ribeirão Preto ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ʁibejˈɾɐ̃w ˈpɾetu ] ) is a municipality and a metropolitan area located in the northeastern region of São Paulo state , Brazil . Ribeirão Preto is the eighth largest municipality in the state at 650.9 km2 , with an estimated population of 674,534 in 2018 and a metropolitan area of 1,178,910 . It is situated 313 km ( 194 mi ) from the city of São Paulo and 706 km ( 439 mi ) from Brasília , the federal capital . Its mean altitude is 526.8 meters ( 1,728 feet ) high . The city 's average temperature throughout the year is 23 °C ( 73F ) and the predominant original vegetation is the Atlantic forest . The city was originated around 1856 as an agricultural region . Coffee was a primary source of income until 1929 , when it lost value compared with the industrial sector . In the second half of the 20th century , investment in areas such as health , biotechnology , bioenergy and information technology led to the city being declared a Technological Center in 2010 . These activities have caused the city to have the 30th biggest gross national ( GNP ) in Brazil . The city is also an important cultural center . The Prefeito Luiz Roberto Jábali Park , the Maurilio Biagi Park , Carlos Raya Park , Santa Tereza Reserve and the Zoo are important preservation areas . Pinguim Beer house , Dom Pedro Theatre and projects such as Ribeirão Preto 's Cinema Center are relevant sightseeing points , along with events such as the Agrishow Agricultural Fair , Tanabata Festival , Joao Rock Music Festival and the National Outdoor Book Fair ."}]}, {'value': '15th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bragantino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Atlético_Bragantino', 'summary': 'The Clube Atlético Bragantino , or Bragantino as they were usually called , was a Brazilian football team from Bragança Paulista in São Paulo that was founded on 8 January 1928 . On 5 April 2019 the team merged with Red Bull Brasil to form Red Bull Bragantino . They played in white shirts , shorts and socks . Its home stadium was the Estádio Nabi Abi Chedid .'}]}, {'value': 'Bragança Paulista', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bragança_Paulista', 'summary': 'Bragança Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil . The population is 160,665 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 512.6 km² . The elevation is 817 m. The city is famous for its traditional sausages , with several establishments claiming to sell the real Bragança sausage . Bragança has become a commuter town due to its proximity to São Paulo and Campinas . As a result , real estate is developing at a fast pace and several gated communities have sprung up all over town . The city is served by Arthur Siqueira Airport dedicated to general aviation .'}]}, {'value': '10th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corinthians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sport_Club_Corinthians_Paulista', 'summary': "Sport Club Corinthians Paulista ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi kʊˈɾĩtʃɐ̃s pawˈɫistɐ ] ) is a Brazilian sports club based in the city of São Paulo . Although they compete in a number of different sports , Corinthians is mostly known for its professional association football team . The football team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , [ nb 1 ] the top tier of the Brazilian football , as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A1 , [ nb 2 ] the first division of the traditional in-state competition . Founded in 1910 by five railway workers , Corinthians was inspired by the London-based club Corinthian Football Club . Since 1910 , Corinthians has become one of the most successful Brazilian clubs , having won the national title seven times , in addition to three Copa do Brasil trophies . Corinthians has a record 30 state championships . In 2000 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup 's first edition as the host team and in 2012 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup for the second time after winning the Copa Libertadores de América for the first time . The club was listed by Forbes as the most valuable football club in the Americas , worth $ 576.9 million . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world and the second most in Brazil , with over 30 million fans . Since 2014 , Corinthians has played its home matches at the Arena Corinthians , one of the venues in the 2014 FIFA World Cup , having hosted six matches during the tournament , including the opener on 12 June 2014 . The club 's home kit traditionally features white shirts and black shorts , accompanied by white socks , since 1920 . Their traditional crest was introduced in 1939 , by modernist painter Francisco Rebolo featuring the São Paulo state flag in a shield , two oars , and an anchor ( representing the club 's early success in nautical sports ) ."}]}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo', 'summary': "São Paulo ( /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/ ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil . The metropolis is an alpha global city ( as listed by the GaWC ) and the most populous city in Brazil , the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere , besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world . The municipality is also the world 's 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo , the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil . It exerts strong international influences in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors the Apostle , Saint Paul of Tarsus . The city 's metropolitan area , the Greater São Paulo , ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth . The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley ) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis , a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere , the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange . Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo . The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world , representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo , being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil , and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005 . The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil , including the Mirante do Vale , Edifício Itália , Banespa , North Tower and many others ."}]}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grêmio Prudente', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grêmio_Prudente', 'summary': "Grêmio Barueri Futebol Ltda. , generally known as Grêmio Barueri , or just as Barueri , was a Brazilian football club from Barueri , São Paulo state . The club was formerly known as Grêmio Recreativo Barueri and Grêmio Prudente Futebol Ltda . The club was founded in 1989 , in the city of Barueri , on the north-western outskirts of metropolitan São Paulo . The club and the city of Barueri failed to reach an agreement about training facilities and the concession of the Arena , causing the club to move to Presidente Prudente in the countryside , about 600 km from the state capital . The move was formalized by the end of February 2010 , and it was announced that a change of insignia and kit would follow within the next weeks . The club moved back to Barueri in 2011 . The club 's home stadium was the Arena Barueri , which has a maximum capacity of about 31,452 spectators ."}]}, {'value': 'Presidente Prudente', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presidente_Prudente,_São_Paulo', 'summary': 'Presidente Prudente is a city ( município ) in the state of São Paulo , Brazil . The city has a population of 220,599 inhabitants ( IBGE/2014 ) and area of 562.8 km² . The city is named after president Prudente de Morais . Prudente is located 558 km from the city of São Paulo . Presidente Prudente is considered the sixth best city in the state of São Paulo to live in . Among 5,560 Brazilian cities , it occupies the 29th place for most promising cities to build a career .'}]}, {'value': '8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ituano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ituano_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Ituano Futebol Clube , also known as Ituano Sociedade Civil de Futebol Ltda , or Ituano as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football club from Itu in São Paulo , founded on May 24 , 1947 . The team plays in black and red stripe shirts with white shorts and socks . In 2014 , Ituano won the São Paulo State League for the second time .'}]}, {'value': 'Itu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itu,_Brazil', 'summary': 'Itu is an historic municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil . It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba . The population is 167,095 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 640.72 km2 . The elevation is 583 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language , meaning big waterfall . Two rivers flow through Itu : Tietê and Jundiaí . Itu has five hospitals , eleven bank agencies and one shopping center , the Plaza Shopping Itu . Itu was founded by the Portuguese in 1610 by Domingos Fernandes . It became a parish in 1653 . In 1657 , it was elevated to a town and municipality . It became a part of Brazil in 1822 . It became a city in 1843 .'}]}, {'value': '13th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mirassol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mirassol_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Mirassol Futebol Clube , usually known simply as Mirassol is a Brazilian football club from Mirassol , São Paulo state .'}]}, {'value': 'Mirassol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mirassol', 'summary': 'Mirassol is a municipality in the state of São Paulo , Brazil . The city is located in the northern part of the state , 453 km from the city of São Paulo and 15 km from São José do Rio Preto . Mirassol has 53,792 inhabitants ( IBGE/2010 ) . The city belongs to the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto .'}]}, {'value': '7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mogi Mirim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogi_Mirim_Esporte_Clube', 'summary': "Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube , commonly called Mogi Mirim , is a Brazilian football team from Mogi Mirim in São Paulo , founded 1 February 1932 . The team 's home ground is the Papa João Paulo II ( Pope John Paul II ) stadium , which has a capacity of 19,900 . Mogi Mirim plays in red shirts , shorts and socks ."}]}, {'value': 'Mogi Mirim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mogi_Mirim', 'summary': 'Mogi Mirim is a municipality located in the eastern part of São Paulo State , in Brazil . The population is 91,483 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 498 km² . The elevation is 611 m. Mogi Mirim is around 65 km from Campinas , the biggest city in the region , and 129 km from the capital São Paulo .'}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monte Azul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlético_Monte_Azul', 'summary': 'Atlético Monte Azul , also known as Monte Azul , is a Brazilian football team from Monte Azul , São Paulo .'}]}, {'value': 'Monte Azul Paulista', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Azul_Paulista', 'summary': 'Monte Azul Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil . The population is 19,304 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 263 km² . The elevation is 611 metres .'}]}, {'value': '1st ( Série A2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oeste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oeste_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Oeste Futebol Clube , or Oeste as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team currently playing in the city of Barueri . Originally from Itápolis in São Paulo state , Oeste was founded on January 25 , 1921 . They play in black and red shirts , black shorts and red socks .'}]}, {'value': 'Itápolis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itápolis', 'summary': 'Itápolis is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil . The population is 42,343 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 997 km² .'}]}, {'value': '14th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palmeiras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sociedade_Esportiva_Palmeiras', 'summary': "Palmeiras ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ pawˈmejɾɐs ] ) is a Brazilian professional football club based in the city of São Paulo . Founded on 26 August 1914 , as Palestra Italia ( pronounced [ paˌlɛstɾiˈtaliɐ ] ) , but changed to the current name on 14 September 14 , 1942 . It is a popular and successful Brazilian club , with around 18 million supporters and 126,000 affiliated fans , including many Brazilians of Italian ancestry . Despite being primarily an association football team , Palmeiras competes in a number of different sports , most notably football . The football team plays in the Campeonato Paulista , the state of São Paulo 's premier state league , as well as in the Brasileirão Série A , the top tier of the Brazilian football league system . Palmeiras have won 14 national competitions , making it the most successful club inside Brazil . The club 's most important titles are the 1951 Copa Rio international tournament , 1999 Copa Libertadores , 10 Brazilian National League titles ( Campeonato Brasileiro Série A ) , 2 Brasileirão Série B , 3 Brazil Cups ( Copa do Brasil ) , 1 Champions Cup ( Copa dos Campeões ) and the 1998 Copa Mercosul , as well as 5 Interstate titles ( Torneio Rio - São Paulo ) , and 22 State Championship titles ( Campeonato Paulista ) ."}]}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo', 'summary': "São Paulo ( /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/ ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil . The metropolis is an alpha global city ( as listed by the GaWC ) and the most populous city in Brazil , the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere , besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world . The municipality is also the world 's 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo , the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil . It exerts strong international influences in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors the Apostle , Saint Paul of Tarsus . The city 's metropolitan area , the Greater São Paulo , ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth . The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley ) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis , a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere , the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange . Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo . The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world , representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo , being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil , and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005 . The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil , including the Mirante do Vale , Edifício Itália , Banespa , North Tower and many others ."}]}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paulista', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paulista_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Paulista Futebol Clube , or Paulista as they are usually called , is a Brazilian football team from Jundiaí , in São Paulo , founded on 17 May 1909 . They play at the fourth tier of Brazilian football professional league . Home stadium is the Jayme Cintra stadium , capacity 15,000 . They play in black , white and red stripes , white shorts and socks .'}]}, {'value': 'Jundiaí', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jundiaí', 'summary': 'Jundiaí is a municipality in the state of São Paulo , in the Southeast Region of Brazil , located 57 kilometres ( 35 mi ) north of São Paulo . The population of the city is 401,896 ( 2015 est . ) , with an area of 431.21 km² . The elevation is 761 m. The GDP of the city is U $ 16.6 billion ( R $ 36.6 billion ) . The budget for 2013 is U $ 787 million ( R $ 1.63 billion ) , according to the official data of the City Hall .'}]}, {'value': '12th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ponte Preta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Associação_Atlética_Ponte_Preta', 'summary': "Associação Atlética Ponte Preta ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ɐsosjɐˈsɐ̃w ɐˈtlɛtʃikɐ ˈpõtʃi ˈpɾetɐ ] ) , commonly known as Ponte Preta , is a Brazilian football club located in Campinas , São Paulo . Ponte Preta is also known as Macaca . Ponte Preta 's biggest rival is from the same city , Guarani , against whom matches are known as derby ( dérbi in Portuguese ) . They are known as pontepretanos . Ponte Preta is the second oldest football team established in Brazil still in activity , founded on August 11 , 1900 , the oldest being Sport Club Rio Grande , of Rio Grande do Sul ."}]}, {'value': 'Campinas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campinas', 'summary': "Campinas ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kɐ̃ˈpinɐs ] , Plains or Meadows ) is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State , part of the country 's Southeast Region . According to the 2010 Census , the city 's population is 1,080,999 , making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous municipality in São Paulo state . The city 's metropolitan area , Metropolitan Region of Campinas , contains twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,656,363 people ."}]}, {'value': '9th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portuguesa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Associação_Portuguesa_de_Desportos', 'summary': 'Associação Portuguesa de Desportos , usually called Portuguesa or Lusa , is a sports club , and a Brazilian football team from São Paulo in São Paulo state , founded on August 14 , 1920 by the Portuguese population of the city .'}]}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo', 'summary': "São Paulo ( /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/ ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil . The metropolis is an alpha global city ( as listed by the GaWC ) and the most populous city in Brazil , the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere , besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world . The municipality is also the world 's 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo , the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil . It exerts strong international influences in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors the Apostle , Saint Paul of Tarsus . The city 's metropolitan area , the Greater São Paulo , ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth . The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley ) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis , a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere , the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange . Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo . The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world , representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo , being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil , and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005 . The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil , including the Mirante do Vale , Edifício Itália , Banespa , North Tower and many others ."}]}, {'value': '5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rio Branco-SP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_Branco_Esporte_Clube', 'summary': 'Rio Branco Esporte Clube , usually known simply as Rio Branco or as Rio Branco-SP , is a Brazilian football ( soccer ) club based in the city of Americana in the São Paulo state of Brazil . It plays in the Série A2 , the second division , of the Campeonato Paulista .'}]}, {'value': 'Americana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Americana,_São_Paulo', 'summary': "Americana ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ameɾiˈkɐnɐ ] ) is a municipality ( município ) located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo . It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas . The population is 229,322 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 133.91 km² . The original settlement developed around the local railway station , founded in 1875 , and the development of a cotton weaving factory in a nearby farm . After 1866 , several former Confederate citizens from the American Civil War settled in the region . Following the Civil War , slavery was abolished in the United States . In Brazil , however , slavery was still legal , making it a particularly attractive location to former Confederates , among whom was a former member of the Alabama State Senate , William Hutchinson Norris . Around three hundred of the Confederados are members of the Fraternidade Descendência Americana ( Fraternity of American Descendants ) . They meet quarterly at the Campo Cemetery . The city was known as Vila dos Americanos ( Village of the Americans ) until 1904 , when it belonged to the city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste . It became a district in 1924 and a municipality in 1953 ."}]}, {'value': '2nd ( Série A2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rio Claro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_Claro_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Rio Claro Futebol Clube , usually known simply as Rio Claro , is a Brazilian football club from Rio Claro , São Paulo state .'}]}, {'value': 'Rio Claro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rio_Claro_(São_Paulo)', 'summary': 'Rio Claro is a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil . The elevation is 613 m. It was incorporated as the village of São João Batista do Ribeirão Claro in 1827 , and this incorporation is celebrated every year on June 24 as a municipal holiday . The name was changed later to Rio Claro . Starting in the 19th century , Rio Claro attracted large numbers of immigrants from European countries , especially from Germany , Switzerland and Italy , but also from Spain , Portugal , some Eastern European countries , and a substantial community of Christian Arabs from the then Ottoman Empire ( mostly Syrian and Lebanese ) . Japanese immigrants arrived later . There is also a large population of Afro-Brazilians . Rio Claro used to play a very important role in the railway system of São Paulo state . Rio Claro hosts one public university , UNESP , offering courses in Geology , Geography , Environmental Engineering , Mathematics , Physics , Computer Science , Physical Education , Ecology , Biology and Pedagogy ( teacher training ) .'}]}, {'value': '3rd ( Série A2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santo André', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Santo_André', 'summary': "Esporte Clube Santo André , also known as Santo André , is a Brazilian football team from Santo André , São Paulo state . Santo André greatest rival is São Caetano , the other team in ABC region . The club 's mascot name is Ramalhão ( Big Ramalho ) after the bandeirante João Ramalho . João Ramalho founded the city of Santo André in 1553 ."}]}, {'value': 'Santo André', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santo_André_(São_Paulo)', 'summary': 'Santo André ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃twɐ̃ˈdɾɛ ] , Saint Andrew ) is a Brazilian municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo . It is part of a group of municipalities known as Greater ABC Region . The population is 710,210 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 175.8 km² . It is the 15th most developed Brazilian city , and the eighth most developed city in the State of São Paulo , according to the UN . The city is also the fifth best city in the country to raise children .'}]}, {'value': '6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santos_FC', 'summary': "Santos Futebol Clube ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈsɐ̃tus futʃiˈbɔw ˈklubi ] ) , commonly known simply as Santos , is a Brazilian sports club based in Vila Belmiro , a bairro in the city of Santos . It plays in the Paulistão , the State of São Paulo 's premier state league , as well as the Brasileirão , the top tier of the Brazilian football league system . The club was founded in 1912 by the initiative of three sports enthusiasts from Santos by Raimundo Marques , Mário Ferraz de Campos , and Argemiro de Souza Júnior as a response to the lack of representation the city had in football . Since then , Santos became one of Brazil 's most successful clubs , becoming a symbol of Jogo Bonito ( English : the Beautiful Game ) in football culture , hence the motto Técnica e Disciplina ( Technique and discipline ) . The most recognized Santista anthem is the Leão do Mar written by Mangeri Neto . This was largely thanks to the Peixe 's golden generation of the 1960s which contained players such as Gilmar , Mauro Ramos , Mengálvio , Coutinho , Pepe and Pelé , named the Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee , and widely regarded as the best and most accomplished footballer in the game 's history . Os Santásticos , considered by some the best club team of all times , won a total of 24 titles during that decade including five consecutive Brasileirões , a feat that remains unequaled today . Os Santásticos won four competitions in 1962 , thus completing a quadruple , comprising the Paulistão , the Brasileirão , the Copa Libertadores and the European/South American Cup . Santos is one of the most successful clubs in the Brasileirão , becoming national champions on eight occasions . It has also won 21 Paulistãos , three Copa Libertadores , two Intercontinental Cups , one Supercopa de Campeones Intercontinentales , one Copa CONMEBOL ( the precursor of current Copa Sudamericana ) , one Copa do Brasil and one Recopa Sudamericana . On January 20 , 1998 , Santos became the first team , in any category in the world , to reach the milestone of 10,000 goals in the entire history of football and was voted by FIFA as one of the most successful clubs of the 20th century . The Peixe play their home games at the Vila Belmiro , which currently holds up to 20,120 spectators ."}]}, {'value': 'Santos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santos,_São_Paulo', 'summary': "Santos ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈsɐ̃tus ] ( listen ) , Saints ) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo , founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas . It is located mostly on the island of São Vicente , which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of São Vicente , and partially on the mainland . It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista . The population is 433,966 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 280.67 km2 ( 108.37 sq mi ) . The city is also home to the Coffee Museum , where world coffee prices were once negotiated . There is also an association football memorial , dedicated to the city 's greatest players , which includes Pelé , who played for the Santos Futebol Clube . Its beachfront garden , 5,335 m ( 5,834 yd ) in length , figures in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world ."}]}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sertãozinho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sertãozinho_Futebol_Clube', 'summary': 'Sertãozinho Futebol Clube , usually known simply as Sertãozinho , is a Brazilian football club from Sertãozinho , São Paulo state .'}]}, {'value': 'Sertãozinho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sertãozinho', 'summary': 'Sertãozinho is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo . The population in 2005 was about 120,152 . Its area is 403 km² . The municipality consists of Sertãozinho city and two districts : Cruz das Posses and Vila Garcia . Sertãozinho is 325 km from São Paulo and 702 km from Brasília .'}]}, {'value': '4th ( Série A2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'São Caetano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Associação_Desportiva_São_Caetano', 'summary': 'Associação Desportiva São Caetano , commonly known as São Caetano , is a Brazilian football team based in the city of São Caetano , Brazil , part of the São Paulo greater metropolitan area . The club finished as runner-up in the Série A twice and once in the Copa Libertadores .'}]}, {'value': 'São Caetano do Sul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Caetano_do_Sul', 'summary': 'São Caetano do Sul ( or São Caetano ) is a city in São Paulo state in Brazil . It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo . The population is 158,024 ( 2015 est . ) in an area of 15.33 km2 . It is the city with the highest per capita income in Brazil ( US $ 31,322.00 in 2010 ) and it also has the highest Human Development Index . It is intensely conurbated with São Paulo , Santo André and São Bernardo do Campo , causing the physical limits between cities to be lost . São Caetano do Sul , together with Ferraz de Vasconcelos , is one of two cities in the state of São Paulo that are not crossed by any state or federal highway .'}]}, {'value': '11th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo_FC', 'summary': "São Paulo Futebol Clube ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w ˈpawlu fuʧiˈbɔw ˈklubi ] ) , simply known as São Paulo , is a Brazilian professional football club based in the city of São Paulo . It has played in the Campeonato Paulista ( the State of São Paulo 's premier state league ) and Campeonato Brasileiro ( the top tier of the Brazilian football league system ) . As for international titles , SPFC is the most successful team from Brazil , with 12 international titles . It is also one of the most successful South American clubs in terms of overall titles , having won 21 state titles , six Brasileirão titles , three Copa Libertadores titles , one Copa Sudamericana , one Supercopa Libertadores , one Copa CONMEBOL , one Copa Masters CONMEBOL , two Recopa Sudamericanas , two Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . Founded in 1930 , São Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil 's leading football clubs . The club 's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s , under coach Telê Santana , when it won three state titles , one national championship , two Copa Libertadores , two Recopa Sudamericanas , two Intercontinental Cups , a Supercopa Sudamericana , a Copa CONMEBOL , and a Copa Masters CONMEBOL . São Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil , with over 16 million supporters . The team 's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes ( one red and one black ) , white shorts and white socks . Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in São Paulo , where it has played since 1960 . The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 2000 , 2003 , 2005 and 2006 . São Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue , with an annual revenue of $ 111.9m ( €78.2m ) , and the nation 's second most valuable club , worth over $ 353.4m ( €246.9m ) in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'São Paulo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/São_Paulo', 'summary': "São Paulo ( /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/ ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil . The metropolis is an alpha global city ( as listed by the GaWC ) and the most populous city in Brazil , the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere , besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world . The municipality is also the world 's 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo , the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil . It exerts strong international influences in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors the Apostle , Saint Paul of Tarsus . The city 's metropolitan area , the Greater São Paulo , ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth . The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley ) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis , a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere , the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange . Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo . The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world , representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo , being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil , and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005 . The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil , including the Mirante do Vale , Edifício Itália , Banespa , North Tower and many others ."}]}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2010_Campeonato_Paulista_0', 'intro': "The 2010 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Profissional da Primeira Divisão - Série A1 was the 109th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Santos were crowned champions after a 5-5 tie on aggregate score against Santo André in the finals, which were held at Pacaembu. As they had ended with best campaign in the first stage, they took the trophy."}
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What was the 2009 result of the team founded on 1 February 1932 ?
16th
fed25acd6cc4c855
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 400 m individual medley", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_400_metre_individual_medley", 'summary': "The men 's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 14 . U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke a new world record of 4:08.26 to claim his first ever Olympic gold medal . Phelps ' teammate Erik Vendt added a second silver to the one he earned behind Tom Dolan in Sydney four years earlier , finishing with a time of 4:11.81 . Hungary 's László Cseh , silver medalist at the 2003 FINA World Championships , held on for bronze in 4:12.15 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaron Peirsol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Peirsol', 'summary': "Aaron Wells Peirsol ( born July 23 , 1983 ) is an American former competition swimmer and backstroke specialist who is a former world champion and world record-holder . He is a three-time Olympian and seven-time Olympic medalist ( five gold , two silver ) . As a member of the U.S. national team , he holds the world record in the men 's 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Individually , he currently holds the world record in the 200-meter backstroke event ( long course ) . In February 2011 , Peirsol announced his retirement , saying , I ended up doing everything I set out to do . Peirsol 's successes have earned him the American Swimmer of the Year Award once . He has won a total of thirty-six medals in major international competition , twenty-nine gold , six silver , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , Pan American , and the Pan Pacific Championships . In his Olympic debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics , at the age of 17 , Peirsol won a silver medal in the 200-meter backstroke . Four years later , at the 2004 Summer Olympics , Peirsol won gold in the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke ( sweeping the backstroke events ) and the 4×100-meter medley relay . In his third Olympics ( 2008 Summer Olympics ) , Peirsol won gold in the 100-meter backstroke and the 4×100-meter medley relay . He came short of his success he had in Athens by winning silver in the 200-meter backstroke , finishing behind Ryan Lochte ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The men 's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 15 and 16 . U.S. swimmer Aaron Peirsol won a gold medal in this event , outside an Olympic record time of 54.06 seconds . Markus Rogan captured Austria 's first ever medal in swimming after a hundred years , earning the silver at 54.35 . Japan 's Tomomi Morita , on the other hand , edged out defending Olympic champion and world record holder Lenny Krayzelburg to take a bronze by two hundredths of a second ( 0.02 ) , breaking an Asian record time of 54.36 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'August 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalie Coughlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Coughlin', 'summary': "Natalie Anne Coughlin Hall ( born August 23 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer and twelve-time Olympic medalist . While attending the University of California , Berkeley , she became the first woman ever to swim the 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) in less than one minute - ten days before her 20th birthday in 2002 . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she became the first U.S. female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in one Olympiad , and the first woman ever to win a 100-meter backstroke gold in two consecutive Olympics . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . Her total of twelve Olympic medals ties her with Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres for the most all-time medals by a female swimmer . Coughlin 's success has earned her the World Swimmer of the Year Award once and American Swimmer of the Year Award three times . She has won a total of sixty medals in major international competition , twenty-five gold , twenty-two silver , and thirteen bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 100 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_100_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The women 's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 15 and 16 . U.S. swimmer Natalie Coughlin won the gold medal in this event , outside the record time of 1:00.37 . The silver medal was awarded to Zimbabwe 's Kirsty Coventry , who finished behind Coughlin by 0.13 of a second , breaking an African record of 1:00.50 . France 's Laure Manaudou , who won the gold in the 400 m freestyle on the previous day , took home the bronze medal , with a time of 1:00.88 . In the semifinals , Coughlin lowered an Olympic record time of 1:00.21 , set by Romania 's Diana Mocanu in Sydney ( 2000 ) , to 1:00.17 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mariel Zagunis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariel_Zagunis', 'summary': 'Mariel Leigh Zagunis ( born March 3 , 1985 ) is an American sabre fencer . She is a two-time Olympic champion in the individual sabre ( 2004 and 2008 ) and the first American to win a gold medal in Olympic fencing . She was chosen to be the flag bearer of the United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations . She also has two Olympic bronze medals in team events ( 2008 and 2016 ) and is a four-time Olympian ( 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Fencing Hall at the Hellinikon Olympic Complex . Ten gold medals were awarded in individual and team events , further divided into three styles of fencing : épée , foil and sabre . Fencing is one of the few sports that have been featured in every modern Olympic Games , and for the first time female competitors competed individually using the sabre . The Lexan window mask , showing the athletes ' faces , was used for the first time at these Olympics ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's sabre", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_sabre", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's sabre competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . A total of 24 women competed in this event . Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 17 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_200_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre butterfly event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 16 and 17 . After finishing fifth in Sydney four years earlier , U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps added a second gold to his collection . He touched the wall first in 1:54.04 , just 0.11 of a second under his own world record . Japan 's Takashi Yamamoto earned a silver medal in an Asian record of 1:54.56 . Stephen Parry ended Great Britain 's 8-year medal drought with a bronze in 1:55.52 . Parry also put his teammate Melanie Marshall on the spot to fulfill her promise of shaving her head if the Brits won a single swimming medal in Athens . Meanwhile , Poland 's Paweł Korzeniowski pulled off a fourth-place effort in a national record of 1:56.00 . Defending Olympic champion Tom Malchow rounded out the final to eighth place in 1:57.48 , matching his semifinal time in the process . Other notable swimmers missed the top 8 final , featuring Denys Sylantyev ( Ukraine ) , Justin Norris ( Australia ) , Franck Esposito ( France ) , and Anatoly Polyakov ( Russia ) ."}]}, {'value': 'August 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott Goldblatt * Klete Keller Dan Ketchum * Ryan Lochte Michael Phelps Peter Vanderkaay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Goldblatt', 'summary': 'Scott Daniel Goldblatt ( born July 12 , 1979 ) is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist who specialized in freestyle events .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Klete_Keller', 'summary': 'Klete D. Keller ( born March 21 , 1982 ) is an American former competition swimmer who won medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 400-meter freestyle and the 4×200-meter freestyle relay . In the 4×200-meter freestyle relay , Keller held off a charging Ian Thorpe in the anchor leg to win the race by 0.13 seconds . This was the first time Australia had been beaten in the event in over seven years . The American relay of Michael Phelps , Ryan Lochte , Peter Vanderkaay , and Keller are undefeated since the Athens games . Vanderkaay , Larsen Jensen , Erik Vendt , and Keller make up the core of the premier American mid-distance/distance freestyle swimmers . Klete was one of many 2000 Olympic medalists from The Race Club World Team , a summer swimming camp in Florida . Keller attended the University of Southern California for two years from 2000 to 2001 , but left school to focus on swimming . While at USC , Keller won multiple individual and relay Pac-10 and NCAA Championships in the 200 , 500 and 1,650-yard freestyle , as well as freestyle relays . Keller has also won many U.S. national titles and FINA world championship medals , primarily in 200 and 400-meter freestyles and the 4×200-meter free relay . From 2004 to 2007 , Keller trained at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor under Bob Bowman and former head coach Jon Urbanchek . He has left Ann Arbor and returned to USC to finish school and train under coach Dave Salo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dan_Ketchum', 'summary': "Daniel Ketchum ( born October 7 , 1981 ) is an American former swimmer and Olympic gold medalist . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , Ketchum earned a gold medal by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the men 's 4×200-meter freestyle relay . Ketchum spent two years in Ireland from 1994 to 1996 , where he was educated at Villiers School . He swam for the Cincinnati Marlins swim club as an age group swimmer , and later for Sycamore High School in Cincinnati . While swimming for Sycamore High , he won six individual Ohio state swimming championships in 1998 , 1999 and 2000 - three each in the 200-yard and 500-yard freestyle events . He then attended the University of Michigan , where he swam for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition . He was a member of Michigan 's NCAA national championship team in the 800-meter freestyle relay , together with Peter Vanderkaay , Davis Tarwater and Andrew Hurd , in 2004 . He assumed the role of head coach of the swim team at Loveland High School starting in the 2009-10 high school swim season . During his first season as head coach he led the Tigers to their best results in history at the 2010 OHHSA Swimming and Diving Championship Meet where his boys finished 7th overall and the girls finished 14th overall ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Lochte', 'summary': "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peter_Vanderkaay', 'summary': 'Peter William Vanderkaay ( born February 12 , 1984 ) is an American former competition swimmer who specialized in middle-distance freestyle events and is a four-time Olympic medalist . He was a member of the United States Olympic team in 2004 , 2008 , and 2012 , and won bronze medals in the 200-meter freestyle at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 400-meter freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_4_×_200_metre_freestyle_relay", 'summary': "The men 's 4×200 metre freestyle relay took place on 17 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece . Team USA had a satisfactory triumph over the Australians with a gold medal for the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia . Klete Keller , along with Michael Phelps , Ryan Lochte , and Peter Vanderkaay of the Team USA , edged out the Australians , led by Ian Thorpe , to a first-place finish by 0.13 of a second , in an American record time of 7:07.33 . As the defending Olympic champions from Sydney , the Australian team of Thorpe , Michael Klim , Nicholas Sprenger , and Grant Hackett earned a silver medal in 7:07.46 . The Italians got the bronze in 7:11.83 , after a powerful second leg from former Olympic silver medalist Massimiliano Rosolino ."}]}, {'value': 'August 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adam Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Nelson', 'summary': 'Adam Nelson ( born July 7 , 1975 ) is an American shot putter and Olympic gold medalist . Nelson competed in three consecutive Olympic Games in 2000 , 2004 and 2008 . In addition to his gold medal at the 2004 Olympics , Nelson won a silver medal at the 2000 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's shot put", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_shot_put", 'summary': "The men 's shot put at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens was held on 18 August 2004 at the Ancient Olympia Stadium . It was originally planned to hold the discus throw at this venue , but it was discovered that the field was not large enough to accommodate the range of modern discus throwers , and would have posed a danger to spectators . As such , it was decided instead to hold the shot put at the site , despite the fact that the shot put was not contested at the Ancient Olympic Games . All distances are given in metres . Ukrainian shot putter Yuriy Bilonoh was stripped of his gold medal on 5 December 2012 after drug re-testings of his samples were found positive . After the announcement of the disqualification , there was a new distribution of medals on 5 March 2013 . According to a statement from the IOC , sent to the Spanish Olympic Committee , the gold medal went to silver medalist Adam Nelson of the United States , the silver to Joachim Olsen of Denmark , and the bronze to Manuel Martínez of Spain ."}]}, {'value': 'August 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Hamm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Hamm', 'summary': 'Paul Elbert Hamm ( born September 24 , 1982 in Washburn , Wisconsin ) is a retired American artistic gymnast . He is the 2004 Olympic all-around champion , a three-time Olympic medalist , and the 2003 World all-around champion . Hamm is the most successful American male gymnast in history , and the only male American gymnast to win the all-around title at the Olympics and the World Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's artistic individual all-around", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_artistic_individual_all-around", 'summary': "These are the results of the men 's individual all-around competition , one of eight events for male competitors in the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 18 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kimberly Rhode', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kimberly_Rhode', 'summary': 'Kimberly Susan Rhode ( born July 16 , 1979 ) is an American double trap and skeet shooter . A California native , she is a six-time Olympic medal winner , including three gold medals , and six-time national champion in double trap . She is the most successful female shooter at the Olympics as the only triple Olympic Champion and the only woman to have won two Olympic gold medals for Double Trap . She won a gold medal in skeet shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics , equaling the world record of 99 out of 100 clays . Most recently , she won the bronze medal at the Rio 2016 Olympics , making her the first Olympian to win a medal on five different continents , the first Summer Olympian to win an individual medal at six consecutive summer games , and the first woman to medal in six consecutive Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's double trap", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_double_trap", 'summary': "The women 's double trap competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 18 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . This was the last Olympic competition in the event , before being removed from the program shortly after the Games . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 3 sets of 40 in the set order of skeet shooting . The top 6 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired one additional round of 40 . The total score from all 160 shots was used to determine final ranking . Ties are broken using a shoot-off ; additional shots are fired one at a time until there is no longer a tie . U.S. shooter and 1996 Olympic champion Kim Rhode rallied her way in the final rounds to reclaim the gold medal with a total record of 146 . South Korea 's Lee Bo-na narrowly missed a shot for the Olympic title by a single bird , but secured the silver with a score of 145 , while Chinese shooter and four-time Olympian Gao E beat her teammate Li Qingnian in a 2 to 1 shoot-off to take the bronze at 142 hits ."}]}, {'value': 'August 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindsay Benko * Natalie Coughlin Rhi Jeffrey * Rachel Komisarz * Carly Piper Kaitlin Sandeno Dana Vollmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindsay_Benko', 'summary': 'Lindsay Dianne Benko ( born November 29 , 1976 ) , also known by her married name as Lindsay Mintenko , is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record-holder . She represented the United States at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics . She held the short-course world record in the 400-meter freestyle ( at 3:59.53 ) for nearly three years from January 2003 to December 2005 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Coughlin', 'summary': "Natalie Anne Coughlin Hall ( born August 23 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer and twelve-time Olympic medalist . While attending the University of California , Berkeley , she became the first woman ever to swim the 100-meter backstroke ( long course ) in less than one minute - ten days before her 20th birthday in 2002 . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , she became the first U.S. female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in one Olympiad , and the first woman ever to win a 100-meter backstroke gold in two consecutive Olympics . At the 2012 Summer Olympics , she earned a bronze medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . Her total of twelve Olympic medals ties her with Jenny Thompson and Dara Torres for the most all-time medals by a female swimmer . Coughlin 's success has earned her the World Swimmer of the Year Award once and American Swimmer of the Year Award three times . She has won a total of sixty medals in major international competition , twenty-five gold , twenty-two silver , and thirteen bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Pan American Games ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rhi_Jeffrey', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Jeffrey ( born October 25 , 1986 ) is a former American swimmer who won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rachel_Komisarz', 'summary': "Rachel Komisarz ( born December 5 , 1976 ) , also known by her married name Rachel Komisarz-Baugh , is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record-holder . She began swimming when she was a senior at Warren Mott high school because of a gymnastics injury that left her with two fractured vertebrae . Komisarz swam at the University of Kentucky and became a seven-time All American swimmer and three-time SEC Champion by the end of her four years at the University . Not only was Komisarz very dedicated to swimming while at the University of Kentucky , she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Education and a Kinesiology major with an emphasis in exercise . She swam for the United States team at the 2004 Summer Olympics , where she had won a gold medal in the women 's 4×200-meter freestyle relay , and a silver medal in the women 's 4×100-meter medley relay , after swimming in the preliminary session of the meet . Komisarz did not make the 2008 Olympics , and had shoulder surgery shortly after . Once she had recovered , she tried to get back into the pool , but it just was not the same anymore . It was in 2009 that she stopped competitively swimming . Komisarz was name an assisted swim coach at the University of Louisville in 2009 , where she help build the men 's and women 's team to 5 conference championships . She was the women 's recruiting coordinated and helped bring in the top athletes in the world , ranking the recruiting classes 12th and 7th in the NCAA for the 2010 and 2011 respectively . During her years at the University of Louisville , Komisarz also earned a master 's degree in Sports Administration . Komisarz was named the head coach of the Ohio Bobcats women 's swimming team at Ohio University in 2014 , after serving five years as an assistant coach for the Louisville Cardinals swimming team at the University of Louisville ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carly_Piper', 'summary': "Carly Piper ( born September 23 , 1983 ) , also known by her married name Carly Ryan , is a former American professional competitive swimmer and Olympic gold medalist . As part of the American team , she helped set a new world record in the women 's 4×200-meter freestyle relay ( long course ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kaitlin_Sandeno', 'summary': 'Kaitlin Shea Sandeno ( born March 13 , 1983 ) is an American former competition swimmer who is an Olympic gold medalist , world champion and former world record-holder . Sandeno was a member of the American team that set a new world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dana_Vollmer', 'summary': 'Dana Whitney Vollmer ( born November 13 , 1987 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record-holder . At the 2004 Summer Olympics , she won a gold medal as a member of the winning United States team in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay that set the world record in the event . Eight years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics , Vollmer set the world record on her way to the gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly , and also won golds in the 4×100-meter medley relay and 4×200-meter freestyle relay . She won three medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . Vollmer won a total of thirty two medals in major international competitions , including nineteen gold medals , eight silver , and five bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the Pan American Games , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Goodwill Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_4_×_200_metre_freestyle_relay", 'summary': "The women 's 4×200 metre freestyle relay took place on 18 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece . The U.S. women 's swimming team ( Natalie Coughlin , Carly Piper , Dana Vollmer , and Kaitlin Sandeno ) broke the oldest world record in the book , when they clocked at 7:53.42 , slashing 2.05 seconds off the old , mark set by the East Germans exactly 17 years ago . Leading off the race , Coughlin swam a fastest split and a personal best of 1:57.74 , which became quicker than a gold-medal performance of 1:58.03 set by Romania 's Camelia Potec in the individual 200 m freestyle . With Team USA taking its third straight title since the event 's Olympic debut in 1996 , China made a surprise packet with a silver medal , in an Asian record of 7:55.97 . Meanwhile , the unified Germans held off the Aussies for the bronze in 7:57.35 , 45-hundredths of a second under an old Olympic record set by Team USA in 2000 . Despite missing the podium by 0.05 of a second , the Australians broke their national record of 7:57.40 to settle only for fourth place ."}]}, {'value': 'August 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carly Patterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carly_Patterson', 'summary': 'Carly Patterson Caldwell ( born February 4 , 1988 ) is an American singer , songwriter and former artistic gymnast . She was the all-around champion at the 2004 Olympics , the first all-around champion for the United States at a non-boycotted Olympics , and is a member of the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece , three disciplines of gymnastics were contested : artistic gymnastics ( August 14-23 ) , rhythmic gymnastics ( August 26-29 ) and trampoline ( August 20-21 ) . The artistic gymnastics and trampoline events were held at the Olympic Indoor Hall and the rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Galatsi Olympic Hall .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's artistic individual all-around", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_artistic_individual_all-around", 'summary': "These are the results of the women 's individual all-around competition , one of six events for female competitors in the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . The qualification and final rounds took place on August 15 and August 19 at the Olympic Indoor Hall ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaron Peirsol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Peirsol', 'summary': "Aaron Wells Peirsol ( born July 23 , 1983 ) is an American former competition swimmer and backstroke specialist who is a former world champion and world record-holder . He is a three-time Olympian and seven-time Olympic medalist ( five gold , two silver ) . As a member of the U.S. national team , he holds the world record in the men 's 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Individually , he currently holds the world record in the 200-meter backstroke event ( long course ) . In February 2011 , Peirsol announced his retirement , saying , I ended up doing everything I set out to do . Peirsol 's successes have earned him the American Swimmer of the Year Award once . He has won a total of thirty-six medals in major international competition , twenty-nine gold , six silver , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , Pan American , and the Pan Pacific Championships . In his Olympic debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics , at the age of 17 , Peirsol won a silver medal in the 200-meter backstroke . Four years later , at the 2004 Summer Olympics , Peirsol won gold in the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke ( sweeping the backstroke events ) and the 4×100-meter medley relay . In his third Olympics ( 2008 Summer Olympics ) , Peirsol won gold in the 100-meter backstroke and the 4×100-meter medley relay . He came short of his success he had in Athens by winning silver in the 200-meter backstroke , finishing behind Ryan Lochte ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m backstroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_200_metre_backstroke", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre backstroke event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 18 and 19 . U.S. swimmer Aaron Peirsol won a gold medal in this event , with an Olympic record time of 1:54.95 . Markus Rogan added another silver for Austria in the same stroke , in an outstanding time of 1:57.35 . Romania 's Răzvan Florea , who finished behind Rogan by 0.21 of a second , earned a bronze in 1:57.56 . Peirsol became the fifth swimmer and fourth American in Olympic history to claim titles in two backstroke events . In the final , Peirsol won the race but was disqualified for a noncontinuous backstroke turn ( in backstroke , a swimmer is allowed to rotate onto his/her stomach going into a turn , as long as 1 ) only one arm pull occurs while the swimmer is on his/her stomach and 2 ) the turn is one smooth motion ) . Peirsol 's disqualification was appealed , and overturned , reinstating his time and finish . The British team have announced their intention to appeal to a higher body in an attempt to get their fourth-place swimmer James Goddard for a bronze medal ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 200 m individual medley", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_200_metre_individual_medley", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre individual medley event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 18 and 19 . U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps blasted his own Olympic record of 1:57.14 to claim his fourth career gold medal in swimming . Coming from fifth place in the final turn , Phelps ' teammate Ryan Lochte powered home with a silver in 1:58.78 . Meanwhile , George Bovell held off Hungary 's László Cseh by four hundredths of a second ( 0.04 ) to give Trinidad and Tobago its first ever swimming medal , in a Commonwealth record of 1:58.80 . Earlier in the semifinals , Phelps posted a new Olympic record of 1:58.52 , previously set by Italian swimmer and defending Olympic champion Massimiliano Rosolino in Sydney four years earlier . Rosolino , along with his teammate Alessio Boggiatto , failed to reach the top 8 final with a tenth and eleventh-place effort . Tunisia 's Oussama Mellouli , who placed fifth in the 400 m individual medley , also missed the cut , but set an African record of 2:01.11 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amanda Beard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amanda_Beard', 'summary': "Amanda Ray Beard ( born October 29 , 1981 ) , also known by her married name Amanda Brown , is an American swimmer and a seven-time Olympic medalist ( two gold , four silver , one bronze ) . She is a former world record holder in the 200-meter breaststroke ( long course ) . Beard 's success has earned her the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . She has won a total of twenty-one medals in major international competition , five gold , thirteen silver , and three bronze spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , the Pan Pacific Championships , and the Summer Universiade ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Women 's 200 m breaststroke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Women's_200_metre_breaststroke", 'summary': "The women 's 200 metre breaststroke event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 18 and 19 . U.S. swimmer and world-record holder Amanda Beard completed a full set of medals in the event , adding a gold to her silver from Atlanta ( 1996 ) and bronze from Sydney ( 2000 ) . She posted an Olympic record of 2:23.37 , holding off Australia 's Leisel Jones by 0.23 of a second for a silver medal in 2:23.60 . Anne Poleska , who had been seventh at the halfway mark , moved quickly into the field and finished strongly with a bronze in a personal best of 2:25.82 , earning Germany 's first individual medal of the meet since its reunification in 1990 . Hungary 's Ágnes Kovács , the gold medalist from Sydney , finished outside the medals in fifth place behind Japan 's Masami Tanaka with a time of 2:26.12 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matthew Emmons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matthew_Emmons', 'summary': 'Matthew D. Emmons ( born April 5 , 1981 ) is an American rifle shooter . He competed in various events at the 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 Olympics and won a gold , a silver , and a bronze medal .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics , 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events ( 10 for men and 7 for women ) . The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre , located in the east of the Greek region of Attica .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 50 m rifle prone", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_50_metre_rifle_prone", 'summary': "The men 's 50 metre rifle prone competition at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 20 at the Markópoulo Olympic Shooting Centre near Athens , Greece . The event consisted of two rounds : a qualifier and a final . In the qualifier , each shooter fired 60 shots with a .22 Long Rifle at 50 metres distance from the prone position . Scores for each shot were in increments of 1 , with a maximum score of 10 . The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round . There , they fired an additional 10 shots . These shots scored in increments of .1 , with a maximum score of 10.9 . The total score from all 70 shots was used to determine final ranking . 23-year-old U.S. shooter Matthew Emmons maintained a single-point lead from the rest of the field in the qualifying round to finish with 703.3 for the rifle prone gold and his first Olympic medal . Germany 's Christian Lusch , who had gradually come close on Emmons in an attempt to steal his lead with only two rounds left , ended up taking the silver at 702.2 . Meanwhile , Belarus ' Sergei Martynov , who had the highest score in the final , shot 105.6 to vault himself from fifth at the start to a bronze-medal position with a total of 701.6 , repeating his feat from Sydney 2000 . Sweden 's Jonas Edman missed his Olympic title defense after finishing in a distant thirty-second from the prelims with 590 points , while 2000 silver medalist Torben Grimmel also fell short of the finale by just a single point from the cutoff score of 595 , relegating to a ninth-place draw with six other shooters ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Hall , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Hall,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Gary Wayne Hall , Jr. ( born September 26 , 1974 ) is an American former competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1996 , 2000 , and 2004 Olympics and won ten Olympic medals ( five gold , three silver , two bronze ) . He is a former world record-holder in two relay events . Hall is well known for his pro-wrestling like antics before a competition ; frequently strutting onto the pool deck in boxing shorts and robe , shadow boxing and flexing for the audience .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 50 m freestyle", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_50_metre_freestyle", 'summary': "The men 's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 19 and 20 . United States ' Gary Hall Jr. defended his Olympic title in the event in 21.93 , just two hundredths of a second off the record set by Alexander Popov in 1992 . The silver medal was awarded to Croatia 's Duje Draganja , who placed behind Hall in 21.94 . South Africa 's Roland Mark Schoeman completed his full set of medals by adding a bronze in 22.02 . Defending bronze medalist Pieter van den Hoogenband of the Netherlands ( 22.56 ) , and dual Olympic champion Alexander Popov of Russia ( 22.58 ) missed the semifinals . By the following year , Popov announced his retirement from swimming , and became a full-time member of the International Olympic Committee . Eleven first round heats were raced , comprising a total of 86 swimmers . The fastest 16 swimmers from this group qualified to move on to the semifinals stage . After the heats had been raced , the cut-off time was 22.53 seconds . The 16 swimmers who advanced then raced in two semifinals of eight swimmers each , the results being pooled and the fastest eight swimmers advancing to the final . The cut-off time to proceed into the final was 22.19 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Phelps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 m butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The men 's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece on August 19 and 20 . U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke an Olympic record of 51.25 to claim his fifth gold medal , edging out his teammate and world record holder Ian Crocker by four hundredths of a second ( 0.04 ) . Meanwhile , Ukraine 's Andriy Serdinov earned a bronze in a European record of 51.36 . Earlier in the semifinals , Serdinov blasted a new Olympic record , previously set by Australia 's Geoff Huegill in Sydney four years ago , with a time of 51.74 . One heat later , Phelps stopped the clock at 51.61 to lower the record by 0.13 of a second ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ian Crocker Mark Gangloff * Brendan Hansen Lenny Krayzelburg * Jason Lezak Aaron Peirsol Michael Phelps * Neil Walker *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ian_Crocker', 'summary': 'Ian Lowell Crocker ( born August 31 , 1982 ) is an American former competition swimmer , five-time Olympic medalist , and former world record-holder . During his career , he set world records in the 50- and 100-meter butterfly ( long course and short course ) and the 100-meter freestyle ( short course ) . He has won a total of twenty-one medals in major international competition , spanning the Olympics , the FINA World Aquatics Championships , and the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships . He has helped coach the Longhorns swim camp in 2019 as well as other years . Citation-https : //www.teamusa.org/usa-swimming/athletes/Ian-Crocker'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Gangloff', 'summary': "Mark Daniel Gangloff ( born June 8 , 1982 ) is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , world champion , and former world record-holder . Gangloff represented the United States at two consecutive Summer Olympics . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , he earned a gold medal by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the 4×100-meter medley relay . In individual competition , he placed fourth in the men 's 100-meter breaststroke . Four years later at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , he again participated in his signature event , the 100-meter breaststroke , and placed eighth in the event final . Gangloff broke the American record in the 100-meter breaststroke with a time of 59.01 at the U.S . Swimming National Championships in 2009 . He attended Firestone High School in Akron , Ohio . He accepted an athletic scholarship to attend Auburn University , where he swam for the Auburn Tigers swimming and diving team in NCAA competition from 2001 to 2005 . He graduated from Auburn in 2005 with a bachelor 's degree in criminology . Gangloff appeared in the 2006 movie The Guardian ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Hansen', 'summary': 'Brendan Joseph Hansen ( born August 15 , 1981 ) is an American former competition swimmer who specialized in breaststroke events . Hansen is a six-time Olympic medalist , and is also a former world record-holder in both the 100-meter and 200-meter breaststroke events ( long course ) . He won a total of twenty-five medals in major international competition , eighteen gold , four silver , and three bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , and the Pan Pacific Championships . He was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic team , and won the bronze medal in the 100-meter breaststroke and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lenny_Krayzelburg', 'summary': 'Lenny Krayzelburg ( born September 28 , 1975 , as Leonid Krayzelburg ; Ukrainian : Леонід Крайзельбург , Russian : Леони́д Кра́йзельбург ) is an American former backstroke swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record holder . He swam in the 2000 and 2004 Olympics , winning a total of four Olympic gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jason_Lezak', 'summary': 'Jason Edward Lezak ( born November 12 , 1975 ) is an American former competition swimmer and a four-time Olympic gold medalist . He swam for Rose Bowl Aquatics . He graduated from Irvine High School in 1994 , and then from the University of California , Santa Barbara in 1999 . Lezak was a specialist in the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle races . He also owns long-course world records in the 400 m freestyle and medley relays , and is a former American record holder in the 100-meter freestyle . Lezak was one of the few elite swimmers not to have a personal coach . Despite this , Lezak enjoys team sports and fellow American Gary Hall Jr. dubbed Lezak as a professional relay swimmer at the 2004 U.S. Olympic Trials before their match-up in the 100-meter freestyle .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Peirsol', 'summary': "Aaron Wells Peirsol ( born July 23 , 1983 ) is an American former competition swimmer and backstroke specialist who is a former world champion and world record-holder . He is a three-time Olympian and seven-time Olympic medalist ( five gold , two silver ) . As a member of the U.S. national team , he holds the world record in the men 's 4×100-meter medley relay ( long course ) . Individually , he currently holds the world record in the 200-meter backstroke event ( long course ) . In February 2011 , Peirsol announced his retirement , saying , I ended up doing everything I set out to do . Peirsol 's successes have earned him the American Swimmer of the Year Award once . He has won a total of thirty-six medals in major international competition , twenty-nine gold , six silver , and one bronze spanning the Olympics , the World , Pan American , and the Pan Pacific Championships . In his Olympic debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics , at the age of 17 , Peirsol won a silver medal in the 200-meter backstroke . Four years later , at the 2004 Summer Olympics , Peirsol won gold in the 100-meter and 200-meter backstroke ( sweeping the backstroke events ) and the 4×100-meter medley relay . In his third Olympics ( 2008 Summer Olympics ) , Peirsol won gold in the 100-meter backstroke and the 4×100-meter medley relay . He came short of his success he had in Athens by winning silver in the 200-meter backstroke , finishing behind Ryan Lochte ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Phelps', 'summary': "Michael Fred Phelps II ( born June 30 , 1985 ) is an American former competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time , with a total of 28 medals . Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals ( 23 ) , Olympic gold medals in individual events ( 13 ) , and Olympic medals in individual events ( 16 ) . When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games , Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz 's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games . At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Phelps had already tied the record of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , Phelps won four gold and two silver medals , and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , he won five gold medals and one silver . This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row . Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men 's 400-meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder in the 200-meter freestyle , 100-meter butterfly , 200-meter butterfly , and 200-meter individual medley . He has won 82 medals in major international long course competitions , of which 65 were gold , 14 silver , and three bronze , spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , and the Pan Pacific Championships . Phelps 's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times , as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016 . Phelps earned Sports Illustrated magazine 's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in the 2008 Games . After the 2008 Summer Olympics , Phelps started the Michael Phelps Foundation , which focuses on growing the sport of swimming and promoting healthier lifestyles . Phelps retired following the 2012 Olympics , but he made a comeback in April 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Neil_Walker_(swimmer)', 'summary': "Neil Scott Walker ( born June 25 , 1976 ) is an American former competition swimmer , four-time Olympic medalist , and former world record-holder in multiple events . Walker represented the United States at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , where he won a silver medal in the men 's 4×100-meter freestyle relay , and at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , where he also won a bronze in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . He also twice earned gold medals in the 4×100-meter medley relay , after swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats . At the 2000 Short Course World Championships in Athens , Greece , he set short course world records in the 50-meter backstroke , 100-meter backstroke , and 100-meter individual medley . Walker retired from competitive swimming after the 2008 U.S. Olympic Trials . He started a swim school with Olympian and former Longhorn teammate Ian Crocker and U.S. National Champion and former Longhorn teammate James Fike , with locations in Austin and Dallas . He is currently the head coach of Rockwall Aquatics Center of Excellence ( RACE ) in Rockwall , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi . It featured 32 events ( 16 male , 16 female ) , a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations , and the program 's changes instituted in the previous Games , including notably the three-phase format ( heats , semifinals , and final ) for all short-distance races ( 200 metres and under ) . Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28 , earning twelve golds , nine silver , and seven bronze . Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000 , but produced a total of 15 more medals ( seven golds , five silver , and three bronze ) to its historical hardware in swimming . Meanwhile , Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima . A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4 × 100 m medley relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_4_×_100_metre_medley_relay", 'summary': "The men 's 4×100 meter medley relay took place on 20-21 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens , Greece . The U.S. team added two new world records to the books in the final men 's event of the Olympic swimming program . Aaron Peirsol , Brendan Hansen , Ian Crocker , and Jason Lezak lowered their time set at the 2003 FINA World Championships in Barcelona , Spain , stopping the clock in 3:30.68 . At the opening of the race , Peirsol led off a backstroke leg with a new world record of 53.45 , beating a 0.15-second mark set by Lenny Krayzelburg ( 53.60 ) from the Pan Pacific Championships in 1999 . Meanwhile , the Germans earned a silver medal in a European record of 3:33.62 , 11-hundredths of a second under the old Olympic record set by Team USA in 2000 . Japan finished third in 3:35.22 to hold off the strong Russian team anchored by double Olympic champion Alexander Popov , who made up more than 1.5 seconds , but fell short of a medal in his last Olympic final ."}]}, {'value': 'August 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Justin Gatlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_Gatlin', 'summary': 'Justin Gatlin ( born February 10 , 1982 ) is an American sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 metres events . He is the 2017 100m World Champion . He is the 2004 Olympic champion in the 100 metres , the 2005 and 2017 World champion in the same event , and the 2005 World champion in the 200 metres . Gatlin was banned from competing between 2006 and 2010 by the USADA for failing a second drugs test , testing positive for testosterone .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 2004 Summer Olympics , the athletics events were held at the Athens Olympic Stadium from August 18 to August 29 , except for the marathons ( run from Marathonas to the Kallimarmaro Stadium ) , the race walks ( on the streets of Athens ) , and the shot put ( held at the Ancient Olympia Stadium ) . A total of 46 events were contested , of which 24 by male and 22 by female athletes .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_metres", 'summary': "The men 's 100 metres was of one of 23 track events of the athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics , in Athens . It was contested at the Athens Olympic Stadium , from August 21 to 22 , by a total of 84 sprinters from 63 nations . In the first round , the first three runners from each of the ten heats , together with the ten next fastest runners from all heats ( 10×3+10=40 ) , automatically qualified for the second round . In the second round , these forty runners competed in five heats , with the first three from each heat and the single next fastest runner ( 5×3+1=16 ) qualifying for the semifinals . In the semifinals , only the first four runners from each of the two heats advanced to the final ( 2×4=8 ) . The final was the fastest and most disputed in Olympic history , with six runners covering the distance in 10.00 seconds or less ( four of them under the 9.90 mark ) , and the gold and bronze medalist athletes separated by 0.02 seconds . In the final , the slowest to react was Justin Gatlin , still with the most powerful first steps , Gatlin led from the gun , with Kim Collins , the next slowest to react , also getting a typically fast start ( typically in lane 1 ) . A step behind , back from injuries , defending champion Maurice Greene , was fastest to react but running sideways in quicksand . He was joined by Francis Obikwelu and Shawn Crawford , who had a slight edge on the other competitors in the center of the track . Collins faded as Obikwelu , Crawford and Greene gained . Feeling his lead disappearing rapidly , Gatlin leaned early still maintaining the lead across the line . The tall Obikwelu perfectly timed his dip to clearly grab silver ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Ahrens Wyatt Allen Dan Beery Peter Cipollone ( cox ) Matt Deakin Joseph Hansen Beau Hoopman Jason Read Bryan Volpenhein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Ahrens_(rower)', 'summary': 'Christian Ahrens ( born July 24 , 1976 in Iowa City , Iowa ) is a 1998 graduate of Princeton University , known internationally for his distinguished career as a rower for both the Tigers and the United States National Team . He was honored by Princeton as the 18th most successful athlete in the schools history . He is notable for being the stroke of the gold medal United States eight-man boat at the 1997 , 1998 , and 1999 world championships , as well as being the six seat for the fifth place 2000 Sydney Olympic boat . Ahrens came out of retirement in 2004 to join up with the US Olympic squad as the three seat in the eventual gold medal eight-man boat . This boat is notable not only for being the first US eight to win Olympic gold since 1964 , but also for setting a new course and world record of 5:19.85 . Ahrens is currently retired from international rowing and lives in Brooklyn with his wife and two daughters .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wyatt_Allen', 'summary': "Wyatt Allen ( born January 11 , 1979 in Baltimore , Maryland ) is an American rower . He won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics and a bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics . He is a graduate of Portland High School and the University of Virginia . He is currently the head coach of men 's heavyweight rowing at Dartmouth College ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dan_Beery', 'summary': "Daniel Beery ( born January 4 , 1975 ) is an American competition rower , Olympic champion , world champion and world cup gold medalist . Beery won a gold medal in Men 's Eights at the 2004 Summer Olympics , as a member of the American team . The time 5:19.85 was a new world record . Beery is a member of the New York Athletic Club 's Hall of Fame . He retired from rowing in 2008 . Prior to his start in rowing at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga , Beery played collegiate basketball . After proposing via text message , he married American Olympic rower Jennifer Goldsack on January 17 , 2009 . Dan is now remarried to Sabrina Iffland and they have 2 children together . He now works as a sports insurance broker in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peter_Cipollone', 'summary': "Peter Pete Cipollone ( born February 5 , 1971 ) was the coxswain of the 2004 Olympic gold medal-winning U.S. men 's eight rowing team . He is a native of Ardmore , Pennsylvania . Pete won World Championships in the heavyweight men 's eight in 1997 , 1998 , and 1999 . Attended Saint Joseph 's Preparatory School in Philadelphia and the University of California , Berkeley ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Matt_Deakin', 'summary': 'Matt Deakin ( born May 20 , 1980 ) is an American competition rower , Olympic champion and world champion . Deakin was born in San Francisco , California . He won a gold medal in coxed eights at the 2004 Summer Olympics , as a member of the American team . The time 5:19.85 was a new world record . He is a graduate of the University of Washington and a member of the New York Athletic Club Hall of Fame .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Hansen_(rower)', 'summary': "Joseph Joey Hansen ( born August 13 , 1979 in Bakersfield , California ) is an American competition rower . He represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , where he received a gold medal in men 's eights ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Beau_Hoopman', 'summary': 'Beau Hoopman ( born October 1 , 1980 ) is an American rower .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jason_Read', 'summary': "Jason Read ( born December 24 , 1977 ) rowed in the bow seat in the 2004 Summer Olympics Gold medal-winning U.S. Men 's Rowing Team Eight . He attended the Hun School of Princeton , where he took up rowing , continuing the sport at Temple University . As a volunteer with the Amwell Valley - Ringoes Rescue Squad in Ringoes , he was among those who responded after the September 11 , 2001 terrorist attacks . Read was a member of the U.S. rowing team for the 2008 Summer Olympics . Read is a 13-time United States National Rowing team member . Since the 2004 Athens Olympic Games , he has worked to promote volunteerism , rowing and the Olympic movement throughout the United States . Jason became involved in rowing as the mascot for the Hun School 's rowing team in 1990 as a sixth grader and began coxing in eighth grade , the same year Jason began a distinguished volunteer career in emergency services . He is the only person from USRowing to be named Man of the Year twice , as he was recognized in 2001 following rescue operations at Ground Zero and again in 2004 after he and his teammates earned the Olympic gold medal in Athens . In August 2011 , Read was named as the head coach of Women 's Rowing at Temple University by Athletic Director Bill Bradshaw . He currently trains at USRowing 's Princeton Training Center at Princeton University where he is also a Fellow of Butler College ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bryan_Volpenhein', 'summary': 'Bryan Volpenhein ( born August 18 , 1976 ) , is an American rower . He is a three-time Olympian , having participated in the 2000 , 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics . Originally from Cincinnati , Volpenhein graduated from Kings High School in Kings Mills , Ohio and attended The Ohio State University , where he rowed for The Ohio State University Crew Club alongside coach John Gutrich ; former Purdue lightweight rower , and coached by Lou Renzulli . He graduated in 2002 . Following the 2005 World Rowing Championships , he studied culinary arts at The Art Institute of Seattle .'}]}, {'value': 'Rowing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre and featured 550 competitors taking part in 14 events . The medals were split among 22 countries , Romania topping the medal table , their women winning 3 golds , with the traditionally strong Germany , Great Britain and Australia picking up four medals in total . Romania 's Elisabeta Lipă won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall . Lipă , who was part of Romania 's women 's eight , won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 , a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal . It was also her eighth overall , which is more than any other rower , having won a silver and a bronze in 1988 and an additional silver in 1992 . In winning her medal at age 39 , Lipă became the oldest rower to win a gold medal and the oldest athlete in an endurance sport to win a gold medal ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's eight", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Rowing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_eight", 'summary': "These are the results of the Men 's eight competition , one of six events for male competitors in Rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens ."}]}, {'value': 'August 22', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'United_States_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_(details)_0', 'intro': 'The United States competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. 533 competitors, 279 men and 254 women, took part in 254 events in 31 sports.'}
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What is the Olympic record time set by the winner of 60 medals ?
1:00.17
fed2b1bc5d10cf09
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ship_launches_in_1859', 'title': 'List of ship launches in 1859', 'header': ['Date', 'Country', 'Builder', 'Location', 'Ship', 'Class / type'], 'data': [{'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Harlan and Hollingsworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harlan_and_Hollingsworth', 'summary': 'Harlan & Hollingsworth was a Wilmington , Delaware , firm that constructed ships and railroad cars during the 19th century and into the 20th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Wilmington , Delaware', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware', 'summary': "Wilmington ( Lenape : Paxahakink / Pakehakink ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware . The city was built on the site of Fort Christina , the first Swedish settlement in North America . It is at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine River , near where the Christina flows into the Delaware River . It is the county seat of New Castle County and one of the major cities in the Delaware Valley metropolitan area . Wilmington was named by Proprietor Thomas Penn after his friend Spencer Compton , Earl of Wilmington , who was prime minister during the reign of George II of Great Britain . As of the 2018 United States Census estimate , the city 's population is 70,635 . It is the fifth least populous city in the U.S. to be the most populous in its state . [ citation needed ] The Wilmington Metropolitan Division , comprising New Castle County , DE , Cecil County , MD and Salem County , NJ , had an estimated 2016 population of 719,887 . The Delaware Valley metropolitan area , which includes the cities of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and Camden , New Jersey , had a 2016 population of 6,070,500 , and a combined statistical area of 7,179,357 ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Arizona_(1858)', 'summary': 'The first USS Arizona was an iron-hulled , side-wheel merchant steamship . Seized by the Confederate States of America in 1862 during the American Civil War , she was captured later the same year by the United States Navy .'}]}, {'value': 'Paddle steamer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paddle_steamer', 'summary': 'A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water . In antiquity , paddle wheelers followed the development of poles , oars and sails , where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans .'}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Confederate States of America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America', 'summary': 'The Confederate States of America ( CSA or C.S . ) - commonly referred to as the Confederacy - was an unrecognized republic in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865 . The Confederacy was originally formed by seven secessionist slave-holding states - South Carolina , Mississippi , Florida , Alabama , Georgia , Louisiana , and Texas - in the Lower South region of the United States , whose economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture , particularly cotton , and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves . Convinced that the institution of slavery was threatened by the November 1860 election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. presidency on a platform which opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories , the Confederacy declared its secession in rebellion against the United States , with the loyal states becoming known as the Union during the ensuing American Civil War . Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens described its ideology as being centrally based upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man ; that slavery , subordination to the superior race , is his natural and normal condition . Before Lincoln took office in March , a new Confederate government was established in February 1861 which was considered illegal by the government of the United States . States volunteered militia units , and the new government hastened to form its own Confederate States Army from nothing practically overnight . After the American Civil War began in April , four slave states of the Upper South - Virginia , Arkansas , Tennessee , and North Carolina - also seceded and joined the Confederacy . The Confederacy later accepted Missouri and Kentucky as members , although neither officially declared secession nor were they ever largely controlled by Confederate forces ; Confederate shadow governments attempted to control the two states but were later exiled from them . The government of the United States ( the Union ) rejected the claims of secession , considering it illegitimate . The war began April 12 , 1861 , when the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter , a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston , South Carolina . No foreign government ever officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country , although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status , which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Plymouth , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Plymouth,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Plymouth is the largest town in Washington County , North Carolina , United States . The population was 3,878 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Washington County . Plymouth is located on the Roanoke River about seven miles ( 11 km ) upriver from its mouth into the Albemarle Sound in North Carolina 's Inner Banks region ."}]}, {'value': 'Black Warrior', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CSS_Black_Warrior', 'summary': 'Black Warrior is the name of a Confederate two-masted schooner that participated in the defense of Roanoke Island in North Carolina during the Civil War . Its brief wartime career ended with its burning at Elizabeth City , North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Schooner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Schooner', 'summary': 'A schooner is a type of sailing ship , as defined by its rig configuration . Typically it has two or more masts , the foremast being slightly shorter than the mainmast . Pronounced /ˈskuːnər/ , the term first appeared in eastern North America in the early 1700s . The name may be related to a Scots language word meaning to skip over water , or to skip stones .'}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati , Ohio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati', 'summary': "Cincinnati ( /ˌsɪnsɪˈnæti/ SIN-sih-NAT-ee ) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio , and is the government seat of Hamilton County . Settled in 1788 , the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers , the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky . The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area , the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output , which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates . This makes it Ohio 's largest metropolitan area and the nation 's 29th-largest . With a city population estimated at 302,605 , Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States . Cincinnati is also within a day 's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace , the most of any city in the United States . In the 19th century , Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country . Throughout much of the 19th century , it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population , surpassed only by New Orleans and the older , established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard , as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860 . Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution , as well as the first major inland city in the country . Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period . However , it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants , who founded many of the city 's cultural institutions . By the end of the 19th century , with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping , trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati 's growth slowed considerably ."}]}, {'value': 'Champion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Champion_(1859)', 'summary': 'USS Champion ( 1859 ) , an armed river steamer , was built in Cincinnati , Ohio , in 1859 as Champion No . 4 ; purchased there on 14 March 1863 ; fitted out at Cairo , Illinois ; and commissioned on 26 April 1863 , Acting Master Alfred Phelps , Jr. , in command .'}]}, {'value': 'Gunboat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gunboat', 'summary': 'A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets , as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare , or for ferrying troops or supplies .'}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': 'Commodore Barney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Commodore_Barney_(1859)', 'summary': 'USS Commodore Barney ( 1859 ) was a ferryboat acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . Ferryboats were of great value , since , because of their flat bottom and shallow draft , they could navigate streams and shallow waters that other ships could not .'}]}, {'value': 'Gunboat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gunboat', 'summary': 'A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets , as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare , or for ferrying troops or supplies .'}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Williamsburg , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn', 'summary': "Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn , bordered by Greenpoint to the north ; Bedford-Stuyvesant to the south ; Bushwick and East Williamsburg to the east ; and the East River to the west . As of the 2010 United States Census , the neighborhood 's population is 78,700 . Since the late 1990s , Williamsburg has undergone gentrification characterized by a contemporary art scene , hipster culture , and vibrant nightlife that has projected its image internationally as a Little Berlin . During the early 2000s , the neighborhood became a center for indie rock and electroclash . Numerous ethnic groups still inhabit enclaves within the neighborhood , including Italians , Jews , Hispanics , Poles , Puerto Ricans , and Dominicans . Williamsburg is part of Brooklyn Community District 1 and its primary ZIP Codes are 11211 and 11206 . It is patrolled by the 90th and 94th Precincts of the New York City Police Department . Politically it is represented by the New York City Council 's 33rd District , which represents the western and southern parts of the neighborhood , and the 34th District , which represents the eastern part ."}]}, {'value': 'Commodore Perry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Commodore_Perry', 'summary': 'USS Commodore Perry ( 1858 ) was a 512 long tons ( 520 t ) steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the first year of the American Civil War . Commodore Perry was outfitted as a gunboat with heavy guns and a large crew of 125 officers and enlisted personnel . Her powerful guns were capable of doing considerable damage to blockade runners or shore fortifications of the Confederate States of America .'}]}, {'value': 'Gunboat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gunboat', 'summary': 'A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets , as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare , or for ferrying troops or supplies .'}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Navy Yard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard', 'summary': 'The Brooklyn Navy Yard ( originally known as the New York Navy Yard ) is a shipyard and industrial complex located in northwest Brooklyn in New York City , New York . The Navy Yard is located on the East River in Wallabout Bay , a semicircular bend of the river across from Corlears Hook in Manhattan . It is bounded by Navy Street to the west , Flushing Avenue to the south , Kent Avenue to the east , and the East River on the north . The site , which covers 225.15 acres ( 91.11 ha ) , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The Brooklyn Navy Yard was established in 1801 . From the early 1810s through the 1960s , it was an active shipyard for the United States Navy , and was also known as the United States Naval Shipyard , Brooklyn and New York Naval Shipyard at various points in its history . The Brooklyn Navy Yard produced wooden ships for the U.S. Navy through the 1870s , and steel ships after the American Civil War in the 1860s . The Brooklyn Navy Yard has been expanded several times , and at its peak , it covered over 356 acres ( 1.44 km2 ) . The efforts of its 75,000 workers during World War II earned the yard the nickname The Can-Do Shipyard . The Navy Yard was deactivated as a military installation in 1966 , but continued to be used by private industries . The facility now houses an industrial and commercial complex run by the New York City government , both related to shipping repairs and maintenance and as office and manufacturing space for non-maritime industries . The Brooklyn Navy Yard includes dozens of structures , some of which date to the 19th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Brooklyn , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooklyn', 'summary': "Brooklyn ( /ˈbrʊklɪn/ ) is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Kings County , located in the U.S. state of New York , the most populous county in the state , and the second-most densely populated county in the United States . It is New York City 's most populous borough , with an estimated 2,504,700 residents in 2010 . Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen , it shares a land border with the borough of Queens at the western end of Long Island . Brooklyn has several bridge and tunnel connections to the borough of Manhattan across the East River , and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connects it with Staten Island . With a land area of 70.82 square miles ( 183.4 km2 ) and water area of 26 square miles ( 67 km2 ) , Kings County is New York state 's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area , though it is the second-largest among the city 's five boroughs . If each borough were ranked as a city , Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous in the U.S. , after Los Angeles and Chicago . Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city ( and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution ) until January 1 , 1898 , when , after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s , according to the new Municipal Charter of Greater New York , Brooklyn was consolidated with the other cities , boroughs , and counties to form the modern City of New York , surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs . The borough continues , however , to maintain a distinct culture . Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves . Brooklyn 's official motto , displayed on the Borough seal and flag , is Eendraght Maeckt Maght , which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength . In the first decades of the 21st century , Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as an avant-garde destination for hipsters , with concomitant gentrification , dramatic house price increases and a decrease in housing affordability . Since the 2010s , Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship , high technology startup firms , postmodern art and design ."}]}, {'value': 'Daylight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Daylight_(1859)', 'summary': 'The USS Daylight was a steamship acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was used by the Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederacy to prevent the South from trading with other countries . Daylight a screw steamer , was built in 1859 by Samuel Sneden of New York City ; chartered by the Navy 10 May 1861 ; purchased 12 October 1861 ; outfitted at New York Navy Yard ; and commissioned 7 June 1861 , Commander Samuel Lockwood in command .'}]}, {'value': 'Screw steamer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steamboat', 'summary': "A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power , typically driving propellers or paddlewheels . Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS , S.S. or S/S ( for 'Screw Steamer ' ) or PS ( for 'Paddle Steamer ' ) ; however , these designations are most often used for steamships . The term steamboat is used to refer to smaller , insular , steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers , particularly riverboats . As using steam became more reliable , steam power became applied to larger , ocean-going vessels ."}]}, {'value': '15 February', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Portsmouth Navy Yard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portsmouth_Naval_Shipyard', 'summary': 'The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard ( PNS ) , often called the Portsmouth Navy Yard , is a United States Navy shipyard located in Kittery on the southern boundary of Maine near the city of Portsmouth , New Hampshire . PNS is tasked with the overhaul , repair , and modernization of US Navy submarines . The facility is sometimes confused with the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth , Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'Kittery , Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kittery,_Maine', 'summary': "Kittery is a town in York County , Maine , United States . Home to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Seavey 's Island , Kittery includes Badger 's Island , the seaside district of Kittery Point , and part of the Isles of Shoals . The town is a tourist destination known for its many outlet stores . It is the southernmost town in Maine . Kittery is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford , Maine metropolitan statistical area . The town 's population was 9,490 at the 2010 census . Kittery may be the namesake of William Billings ' 1783 anthem Kittery , which is printed in the Shenandoah Harmony and Missouri Harmony shape note tunebooks , but because the song was published after the incorporation of the town , this is debated ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohican', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Mohican_(1859)', 'summary': 'The first USS Mohican was a steam sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . She was named for the Mohican tribe . Mohican was laid down by Portsmouth Navy Yard , Kittery , Maine , in August 1858 ; launched on 15 February 1859 ; and commissioned on 29 November 1859 , Commander Sylvanus William Godon in command .'}]}, {'value': 'Steamer sloop-of-war', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steamboat', 'summary': "A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power , typically driving propellers or paddlewheels . Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS , S.S. or S/S ( for 'Screw Steamer ' ) or PS ( for 'Paddle Steamer ' ) ; however , these designations are most often used for steamships . The term steamboat is used to refer to smaller , insular , steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers , particularly riverboats . As using steam became more reliable , steam power became applied to larger , ocean-going vessels ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sloop-of-war', 'summary': 'In the 18th century and most of the 19th , a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns . The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above ; thus , the term sloop-of-war encompassed all the unrated combat vessels , including the very small gun-brigs and cutters . In technical terms , even the more specialised bomb vessels and fireships were classed as sloops-of-war , and in practice these were employed in the sloop role when not carrying out their specialized functions . In World War I and World War II , the Royal Navy reused the term sloop for specialized convoy-defence vessels , including the Flower class of World War I and the highly successful Black Swan class of World War II , with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capability .'}]}, {'value': '3 March', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Mare Island Navy Yard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mare_Island_Navy_Yard', 'summary': 'The Mare Island Naval Shipyard ( MINSY ) was the first United States Navy base established on the Pacific Ocean . It is located 25 miles northeast of San Francisco in Vallejo , California . The Napa River goes through the Mare Island Strait and separates the peninsula shipyard ( Mare Island , California ) from the main portion of the city of Vallejo . MINSY made a name for itself as the premier US West Coast submarine port as well as serving as the controlling force in San Francisco Bay Area shipbuilding efforts during World War II . The base closed in 1996 and has gone through several redevelopment phases . It was registered as a California Historical Landmark in 1960 , and parts of it were declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1975 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vallejo , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vallejo,_California', 'summary': "Vallejo ( /vəˈleɪ ( h ) oʊ/ və-LAY- ( h ) oh ; Spanish : [ baˈʎexo ] ) is a waterfront city in Solano County , California , located in the North Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area . Vallejo is geographically the closest North Bay city to the inner East Bay , so it is sometimes associated with that region . Its population was 115,942 at the 2010 census . It is the tenth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area , and the largest in Solano County . Vallejo sits on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay , 30 miles north of San Francisco , the northwestern shore of the Carquinez Strait and the southern end of the Napa River , 15 miles south of Napa . The city is named after General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo , a native Californio , leading proponent of California 's statehood , and one of the first members of the California State Senate ; the neighboring city of Benicia is named for his wife , Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo . Vallejo is home to the Six Flags Discovery Kingdom theme park , the now-defunct Mare Island Naval Shipyard , and the regional office for Region 5 of the United States Forest Service . The colleges and universities in Vallejo are California Maritime Academy , the Vallejo Center campus of Solano Community College , and Touro University California . Vallejo 's public transit includes the San Francisco Bay Ferry , which regularly runs from downtown Vallejo to the San Francisco Ferry Building . SolTrans buses carry passengers around the cities of Vallejo and Benicia , as well as offer express services to Fairfield , California , and Bay Area Rapid Transit stations in El Cerrito , California and Walnut Creek , California . Evans Transportation buses provide daily service to Oakland International Airport from a Courtyard by Marriott hotel adjacent to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom . Vallejo has twice served as the capital of the state of California : once in 1852 and again in 1853 , both periods being brief ."}]}, {'value': 'Saginaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Saginaw_(1859)', 'summary': 'The first USS Saginaw was a sidewheel sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'Paddle steamer sloop-of-war', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paddle_steamer', 'summary': 'A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water . In antiquity , paddle wheelers followed the development of poles , oars and sails , where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sloop-of-war', 'summary': 'In the 18th century and most of the 19th , a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns . The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above ; thus , the term sloop-of-war encompassed all the unrated combat vessels , including the very small gun-brigs and cutters . In technical terms , even the more specialised bomb vessels and fireships were classed as sloops-of-war , and in practice these were employed in the sloop role when not carrying out their specialized functions . In World War I and World War II , the Royal Navy reused the term sloop for specialized convoy-defence vessels , including the Flower class of World War I and the highly successful Black Swan class of World War II , with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capability .'}]}, {'value': '23 March', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Norfolk Navy Yard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norfolk_Naval_Shipyard', 'summary': "The Norfolk Naval Shipyard , often called the Norfolk Navy Yard and abbreviated as NNSY , is a U.S. Navy facility in Portsmouth , Virginia , for building , remodeling , and repairing the Navy 's ships . It is the oldest and largest industrial facility that belongs to the U.S. Navy as well as the most multifaceted . Located on the Elizabeth River , the yard is just a short distance upriver from its mouth at Hampton Roads . It was established as Gosport Shipyard in 1767 . Destroyed during the American Revolutionary War , it was rebuilt and became home to the first operational drydock in the United States in the 1820s . Changing hands during the American Civil War , it served the Confederate States Navy until it was again destroyed in 1862 , when it was given its current name . The shipyard was again rebuilt , and has continued operation through the present day ."}]}, {'value': 'Portsmouth , Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia', 'summary': "Portsmouth is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia . As of the 2010 census , the population was 95,535 . It is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area . The Norfolk Naval Shipyard , often called the Norfolk Navy Yard , is a historic and active U.S. Navy facility that is located in Portsmouth . The shipyard 's original name , Gosport , was changed to reflect its location in what once had been Norfolk County , Virginia . It constructs , refits and remodels ships of the US Navy , and is one of the few facilities in the world with a dry dock large enough to accommodate an aircraft carrier . Both Norfolk and the city of Portsmouth have miles of waterfront land on opposite sides of the Elizabeth River as part of the harbor of Hampton Roads . Its three Elizabeth River ferries transport pedestrians between the Portsmouth Olde Towne Historic District and downtown Norfolk ."}]}, {'value': 'Dacotah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_Dacotah_(1859)', 'summary': 'USS Dacotah ( 1859 ) - the only United States Navy ship to be so named - was a large ( 996 long tons ( 1,012 t ) ) steam sloop that served the United States Navy in the Atlantic Ocean as well as in Pacific Ocean . When the American Civil War occurred , Dacotah assumed the role of a gunboat in the Union blockade of the Confederate States of America . When the war was over , Dacotah - who was named for the American Dakota tribe - resumed her role protecting American interests worldwide by showing her presence in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans .'}]}, {'value': 'Steamer sloop-of-war', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steamboat', 'summary': "A steamboat is a boat that is propelled primarily by steam power , typically driving propellers or paddlewheels . Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS , S.S. or S/S ( for 'Screw Steamer ' ) or PS ( for 'Paddle Steamer ' ) ; however , these designations are most often used for steamships . The term steamboat is used to refer to smaller , insular , steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers , particularly riverboats . As using steam became more reliable , steam power became applied to larger , ocean-going vessels ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sloop-of-war', 'summary': 'In the 18th century and most of the 19th , a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns . The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above ; thus , the term sloop-of-war encompassed all the unrated combat vessels , including the very small gun-brigs and cutters . In technical terms , even the more specialised bomb vessels and fireships were classed as sloops-of-war , and in practice these were employed in the sloop role when not carrying out their specialized functions . In World War I and World War II , the Royal Navy reused the term sloop for specialized convoy-defence vessels , including the Flower class of World War I and the highly successful Black Swan class of World War II , with anti-aircraft and anti-submarine capability .'}]}, {'value': '1 June', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Chatham Dockyard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chatham_Dockyard', 'summary': 'Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent . Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century , the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham ( at its most extensive , in the early 20th century , two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham , one-third in Chatham ) . It came into existence at the time when , following the Reformation , relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened , leading to a requirement for additional defences . For 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided over 500 ships for the Royal Navy , and was at the forefront of shipbuilding , industrial and architectural technology . At its height , it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres ( 1.6 km² ) . Chatham dockyard closed in 1984 , and 84 acres ( 340,000 m2 ) of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as the Chatham Historic Dockyard visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charybdis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HMS_Charybdis_(1859)', 'summary': "HMS Charybdis was a 21-gun Royal Navy Pearl-class corvette launched on 1 July 1859 at Chatham Dockyard . She served on the East Indies Station and the China Station between 1860 and 1861 . She sailed to Vancouver in early 1862 joining the Pacific Station . She served at the Pacific Station until 1867 , when she was assigned to the Australia Station arriving in March 1867 . She left the Australia Station on November 1868 and returned to the Pacific Station in early 1869 . As part of the Royal Navy 's 1869 Flying Squadron , she visited a number of ports in South America , Australia and Japan before returning to Vancouver . In 1870 she sailed to Plymouth for refit . In 1873 she was assigned to the China Station and conducted anti-piracy patrols in the Straits of Malacca . During the Southern Malayan state disputes in 1874 , she in conjunction with HMS Hart kept the peace . In October 1880 , she was lent to the Canadian government as a training ship , until returned by Canada in 1882 . She was sold at Halifax , Nova Scotia in 1884 for breaking up ."}]}, {'value': 'Pearl -class 21-gun corvette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pearl-class_corvette', 'summary': 'The Pearl-class corvettes were a group of ten screw-driven ships built in England from 1855 through 1865 . Units of the class saw action in the Crimean War , but they were regarded as mediocre .'}]}, {'value': '25 June', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Lawrence & Foulks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawrence_&_Foulks', 'summary': 'Lawrence & Foulks was a 19th-century American shipbuilding company based in New York . Established in the early 1850s , the company built 144 vessels of all types over the course of some fifty years , but is best known for its production of high-speed wooden-hulled steamboats and steamships . Notable vessels built by the company include the record-breaking Hudson River steamboat Chauncey Vibbard , the luxury Long Island Sound steamer Commonwealth , and the fast oceangoing steamships - later U.S. Navy gunboats - Bienville and De Soto . In addition to the domestic market , the company also built ships for service as far afield as South America and China . Lawrence & Foulks was one of the few New York shipyards to survive the post-Civil War slump , but was either unwilling or unable to make the postwar transition from wooden to iron shipbuilding , and closed its doors around the turn of the century .'}]}, {'value': 'New York City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_City', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': 'De Soto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USS_De_Soto_(1859)', 'summary': "USS De Soto was a fast wooden-hulled sidewheel steamship that saw service as a U.S. Navy gunboat during the American Civil War . De Soto was originally a privately owned vessel , built for passenger service between New York and New Orleans . With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 , she was purchased by the Navy , commissioned as USS De Soto , and sent to assist with the blockade of Confederate ports . De Soto 's speed made her an effective pursuit ship , and she would capture or bring about the destruction of a total of eighteen blockade runners during the war . In the postwar period , De Soto continued to serve with the Navy , mostly in South American waters , until resold to her original owners in 1868 for resumption of service as a passenger ship . She caught fire and was burned to the waterline in December 1870 ."}]}, {'value': 'Paddle steamer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paddle_steamer', 'summary': 'A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water . In antiquity , paddle wheelers followed the development of poles , oars and sails , where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans .'}]}, {'value': '24 November', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toulon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toulon', 'summary': "Toulon ( UK : /ˈtuːlɒ̃/ , US : /tuːˈloʊn , -ˈlɔːn , -ˈlɒn/ , French : [ tulɔ̃ ] ; Provençal : Tolon ( classical norm ) , Touloun ( Mistralian norm ) , pronounced [ tuˈlun ] ) is a city in southern France and a large port on the Mediterranean coast , with a major French naval base . Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region , Toulon is the capital of the Var department . The Commune of Toulon has a population of 165,514 people ( 2009 ) , making it France 's 15th-largest city . It is the centre of an urban area with 559,421 inhabitants ( 2008 ) , the ninth largest in France . Toulon is the fourth-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast after Marseille , Nice and Montpellier . Toulon is an important centre for naval construction , fishing , wine making , and the manufacture of aeronautical equipment , armaments , maps , paper , tobacco , printing , shoes , and electronic equipment . The military port of Toulon is the major naval centre on France 's Mediterranean coast , home of the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and her battle group . The French Mediterranean Fleet is based in Toulon ."}]}, {'value': 'Gloire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_ironclad_Gloire', 'summary': 'The French ironclad Gloire ( Glory ) was the first ocean-going ironclad , launched in 1859 . It was developed after the Crimean War , in response to new developments of naval gun technology , especially the Paixhans guns and rifled guns , which used explosive shells with increased destructive power against wooden ships , and after the development of the ironclad floating batteries built by the British and French for the bombardment of Russian forts during the Crimean War .'}]}, {'value': 'Gloire -class ironclad battleship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gloire-class_ironclad', 'summary': 'The Gloire-class ironclads were a group of three wooden-hulled armored frigates built for the French Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s . Gloire , the lead ship of the class , was the first ocean-going ironclad warship to be built by any country . The ships of the Gloire class were classified as armoured frigates because they only had a single gun deck and their traditional disposition of guns arrayed along the length of the hull also meant that they were broadside ironclads .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'The list of ship launches in 1859 includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1859 .', 'uid': 'List_of_ship_launches_in_1859_0', 'intro': 'The list of ship launches in 1859 includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1859.'}
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At the 2010 census , what was the population of the location of a ship called Saginaw ?
115,942
fed2ea8f99c9a7d2
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Robot_Productions', 'title': 'Bad Robot Productions', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Creator ( s )', 'Co-production ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': '2001-06', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alias_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Alias is an American action thriller television series created by J. J. Abrams , that was broadcast on ABC for five seasons from September 30 , 2001 to May 22 , 2006 . It stars Jennifer Garner as Sydney Bristow , a double agent for the Central Intelligence Agency posing as an operative for SD-6 , a worldwide criminal and espionage organization . The main theme of the series explores Sydney 's obligation to conceal her true career from her friends and family , even as she assumes multiple aliases to carry out her missions . This theme is most prevalent in the first two seasons of the show . A major plotline of the series is the search for and recovery of artifacts created by Milo Rambaldi , a fictitious Renaissance-era figure with similarities to both Leonardo da Vinci and Nostradamus . This plot , and some technologies used in the series , place Alias into the genre of science fiction . The series was well received among critics and has been included in several best of lists , including the American Film Institute 's top ten list for television programs in 2003 . The show also received numerous awards and nominations ."}]}, {'value': 'J. J. Abrams', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Touchstone Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lost_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on ABC from September 22 , 2004 , to May 23 , 2010 , over six seasons , comprising a total of 121 episodes . The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction , and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles , after the plane crashes on a mysterious island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean . The story is told in a heavily serialized manner . Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island , augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved characters . Lost was created by Jeffrey Lieber , J. J. Abrams and Damon Lindelof , who share story writing credits for the pilot episode , which Abrams directed . Throughout the show 's run , Lindelof and Carlton Cuse served as showrunners and head writers , working together with many other executive producers and writers . Due to its large ensemble cast and the cost of filming primarily on location in Oahu , Hawaii , the series was one of the most expensive on television , with the pilot alone costing over $ 14 million . The fictional universe and mythology of Lost are expanded upon by a number of related media , most importantly , a series of short mini-episodes called Missing Pieces , and a 12-minute epilogue titled The New Man in Charge . Lost has regularly been ranked by critics as one of the greatest television series of all time . The first season had an estimated average of 16 million viewers per episode on ABC . During its sixth and final season , the show averaged over 11 million U.S. viewers per episode . Lost was the recipient of hundreds of industry award nominations throughout its run and won numerous of these awards , including the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 2005 , Best American Import at the British Academy Television Awards in 2005 , the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama in 2006 , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Ensemble in a Drama Series ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeffrey Lieber J. J. Abrams Damon Lindelof', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeffrey_Lieber', 'summary': 'Jeffrey Lieber is an American screenwriter for both television and film . He is credited as a co-creator of the television series Lost . In addition to writing for television and film , Lieber also blogs at the website dailykos . His blog posts , which appear as diaries rather than front-page posts , typically have a satirical take on the news .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Damon_Lindelof', 'summary': "Damon Laurence Lindelof ( born April 24 , 1973 ) is an American screenwriter , comic book writer , and producer . He was the co-creator and showrunner of the television series Lost ( 2004-10 ) . He has written for and produced Crossing Jordan ( 2001-04 ) and wrote for Nash Bridges ( 2000-01 ) . Lindelof also co-wrote the science fiction films Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , Prometheus ( 2012 ) , Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) , and Tomorrowland ( 2015 ) . He co-created the TV series The Leftovers for HBO , adapted from the novel by Tom Perrotta , and also created and ran HBO 's Watchmen ."}]}, {'value': 'Touchstone Television ( season 1-3 ) ABC Studios ( season 4-6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABC_Studios', 'summary': 'Touchstone Television Productions , LLC , d/b/a ABC Studios is an American television production studio under the Disney Television Studios unit of Walt Disney Television ( both ultimately owned by The Walt Disney Company ) . ABC Studios was established as the Touchstone Television banner in 1985 and given its current name on May 28 , 2007 .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Catch', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006-07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'What About Brian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/What_About_Brian', 'summary': "What About Brian ? is an American comedy-drama television series created by Dana Stevens and co-produced by J. J. Abrams ' company Bad Robot Productions . The series premiered on April 16 , 2006 , on ABC , as a mid-season replacement and concluded on March 26 , 2007 . On May 16 , 2006 , ABC renewed the series for its second and final season , notably making it the only new series to be picked up by the network from the 2005-2006 television season , despite it being the final new series introduced by ABC during the season . The series returned October 9 , 2006 , with a full 22-episode season confirmed by November 10 , 2006 . The second season order was subsequently scaled back to 19 episodes by the network . What About Brian ? ended its run after two seasons on March 26 , 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Dana Stevens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dana_Stevens_(screenwriter)', 'summary': 'Dana Stevens ( born in Whittier , California ) is a screenwriter and television writer/producer .'}]}, {'value': 'Sachs/Judah Productions ( season 1 ) Touchstone Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006-07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Six Degrees', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Six_Degrees_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Six Degrees ( or 6˚ ) is an American dramatic television series about six residents of New York City and their respective relationships and connections with one another , based on the idea of six degrees of separation . It premiered on September 21 , 2006 , after Grey 's Anatomy on ABC . The show was created by Raven Metzner and Stuart Zicherman . J. J. Abrams , Bryan Burk and Thom Sherman serve as executive producers through their Bad Robot Productions banner . The pilot episode was directed by Rodrigo García . It is filmed on location in Manhattan and at Silvercup Studios in Long Island City , Queens , New York . The show 's theme song , Here Comes Now , was written and performed by Jakob Dylan . The series was shown in Canada on Global on Wednesday evenings prior to the American airings . It was due to air in early 2007 on ITV in the UK but did n't after it was cancelled by ABC . It finally made its debut on ITV on May 28 , 2008 where all thirteen episodes were aired . On November 8 , 2006 , Six Degrees was pulled off the schedule by ABC due to a decrease in ratings . By January 2007 , ABC had not ordered any more episodes to be produced for the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Raven Metzner Stuart Zicherman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nosebleed Productions Touchstone Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fringe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fringe_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Fringe is an American science fiction television series created by J. J. Abrams , Alex Kurtzman , and Roberto Orci . It premiered on the Fox network on September 9 , 2008 , and concluded on January 18 , 2013 , after five seasons and 100 episodes . The series follows Olivia Dunham ( Anna Torv ) , Peter Bishop ( Joshua Jackson ) , and Walter Bishop ( John Noble ) , all members of the fictional Fringe Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation , based in Boston , Massachusetts , under the supervision of Homeland Security . The team uses fringe science and FBI investigative techniques to investigate a series of unexplained , often ghastly occurrences , which are related to mysteries surrounding a parallel universe . The series has been described as a hybrid of fantasy , procedural dramas and serials , influenced by films like Altered States and television shows such as Lost , The X-Files and The Twilight Zone . The series began as a traditional mystery-of-the-week series and became more serialized in later seasons . Most episodes contain a standalone plot , with several others also exploring the series ' overarching mythology . Critical reception was at first lukewarm but became more favorable after the first season , when the series began to explore its mythology , including parallel universes and alternate timelines . The show , along with cast and crew , were nominated for many major awards . Despite its move to the Friday night death slot and low ratings , the series developed a cult following . It also spawned two six-part comic book series , an alternate reality game , and three novels ."}]}, {'value': 'J. J. Abrams Alex Kurtzman Roberto Orci', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Kurtzman', 'summary': 'Alexander Hilary Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer , and director . He is best known for executive producing the Star Trek franchise since 2009 , co-writing the scripts to Transformers , Star Trek , Star Trek Into Darkness , and The Amazing Spider-Man 2 with his writing and producing partner Roberto Orci , and directing and co-writing The Mummy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Orci', 'summary': "Roberto Gaston Orci ( born July 20 , 1973 ) is a Mexican-American film and television screenwriter and producer . He began his longtime collaboration with Alex Kurtzman while at school in California . Together they have been employed on television series such as Hercules : The Legendary Journeys and Xena : Warrior Princess . In 2008 , together with J. J. Abrams , they created Fringe . In 2013 , they created Sleepy Hollow alongside Phillip Iscove . Orci and Kurtzman 's first film project was Michael Bay 's The Island , and due to that partnership they went on to write the scripts for the first two films of the Transformers film series . Orci first became a film producer with 2008 's Eagle Eye and again with 2009 's The Proposal . He and Kurtzman since returned to working with Abrams on Mission : Impossible III and both Star Trek and Star Trek Into Darkness . Between 2005 and 2011 , Kurtzman and Orci 's film projects took revenues of more than $ 3 billion . In April 2014 , Orci and Kurtzman announced that they would only collaborate in television projects , and Orci worked on the third Star Trek film , Star Trek Beyond , until being replaced the following December . Orci created the television series Matador for the El Rey Network , but after this was initially renewed , it was cancelled at the end of the first season . Both Kurtzman and Orci continue to work as producers on the television series Limitless and Scorpion ."}]}, {'value': 'Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television', 'summary': "Warner Bros. Television ( WBTV ) is an American television production arm of Warner Bros. Entertainment , itself part of WarnerMedia . Alongside CBS Television Studios , it serves as a television production arm of The CW ( in which WarnerMedia has a 50% ownership stake ) , though it also produces shows for other networks , such as Shameless on Showtime and Westworld on HBO ( though WarnerMedia also owns HBO ) . As of 2015 , it is one of the world 's two largest television production companies measured by revenue and library ( along with Sony Pictures Television ) ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anatomy of Hope', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undercovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Undercovers_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Undercovers is an American action spy television series created by J. J. Abrams and Josh Reims that aired NBC from September 22 to December 29 , 2010 . They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams ' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk . Because of low ratings , the show was canceled on November 4 , 2010 . 2 episodes were unaired in the United States , but aired in Australia on January 2 and 9 , 2012 respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'J. J. Abrams Josh Reims', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warner Bros. Television Good Butter Productions', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Person of Interest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Person_of_Interest_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series that aired on CBS from September 22 , 2011 , to June 21 , 2016 , its five seasons comprising 103 episodes . The series was created by Jonathan Nolan ; executive producers were Nolan , J. J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Greg Plageman , Denise Thé , and Chris Fisher . The series centers on a mysterious reclusive billionaire computer programmer named Harold Finch ( Michael Emerson ) , who develops a computer program for the federal government known as The Machine that is capable of collating all sources of information to predict and identify people planning terrorist acts . He finds that the Machine also identifies other perpetrators and victims of premeditated deadly crimes , but as these are considered irrelevant by the government , he programs the Machine to delete this information each night . He soon realizes the Machine has gained sentience , leaving him wrestling with questions of human control , and other moral and ethical concerns . His backdoor into the Machine allows him to act covertly on the non-terrorism cases , but to prevent abuse of information , he directs the Machine to provide no details beyond a social security number to be investigated . He recruits John Reese ( Jim Caviezel ) , a former Green Beret and CIA agent who is presumed dead , and later others , to investigate and act on the information provided by the Machine . The series garnered a highly positive reception from some critics when , in later seasons , it introduced more serialized story lines and deepened its exploration of the power and implications of superintelligent artificial intelligence . In 2016 , Katharine Trendacosta of the website io9 noted that by the end of its first season , Person of Interest had transformed from a crime-fighting show with a plot twist , to one of the best science fiction series ever broadcast . This was , Trendacosta observed , owing to the series put [ ting ] the Machine , its intelligence , and the ethics of [ … ] using it at the center of an ideological battle , and an unintended consequence of giving the Machine a voice , compared to its initial presence as a simple background plot device . The show won the 2012 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama and the 2016 People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Crime Drama ."}]}, {'value': 'Jonathan Nolan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Nolan', 'summary': "Jonathan Nolan ( born 6 June 1976 ) is a British-American screenwriter , television producer , director and author . He is the creator of the CBS science fiction series Person of Interest ( 2011-2016 ) and co-creator of the HBO science fiction western series Westworld ( 2016-present ) . Nolan has collaborated on several films with his brother , director Christopher Nolan , who adapted Jonathan 's short story Memento Mori into the neo-noir thriller film Memento ( 2000 ) . Together , the siblings co-wrote the mystery thriller film The Prestige ( 2006 ) , the superhero films The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the science fiction film Interstellar ( 2014 ) . Nolan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Memento , and for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for Westworld , among a number of other awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Kilter Films Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Nolan', 'summary': "Jonathan Nolan ( born 6 June 1976 ) is a British-American screenwriter , television producer , director and author . He is the creator of the CBS science fiction series Person of Interest ( 2011-2016 ) and co-creator of the HBO science fiction western series Westworld ( 2016-present ) . Nolan has collaborated on several films with his brother , director Christopher Nolan , who adapted Jonathan 's short story Memento Mori into the neo-noir thriller film Memento ( 2000 ) . Together , the siblings co-wrote the mystery thriller film The Prestige ( 2006 ) , the superhero films The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the science fiction film Interstellar ( 2014 ) . Nolan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Memento , and for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for Westworld , among a number of other awards ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alcatraz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alcatraz_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Alcatraz is an American television series created by Elizabeth Sarnoff , Steven Lilien and Bryan Wynbrandt , and produced by J. J. Abrams and Bad Robot Productions . The series premiered on Fox on January 16 , 2012 , as a mid-season replacement . Switching between eras , the series focuses on the Alcatraz prison , which was shut down in 1963 due to unsafe conditions for its prisoners and guards . The show 's premise is that both the prisoners and the guards disappeared in 1963 and have abruptly reappeared in modern-day San Francisco , where they are being tracked down by a government agency , to prevent them from committing further crimes while also determining the reasons for their return . The series starred Sarah Jones , Jorge Garcia , Sam Neill , and Parminder Nagra . The show was canceled by Fox on May 9 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Sarnoff Steven Lilien Bryan Wynbrandt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Sarnoff', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Liz Sarnoff is an American television writer and producer . She has written episodes of NYPD Blue , Crossing Jordan , Deadwood and Lost . She is the co-creator of the Fox crime/mystery series Alcatraz .'}]}, {'value': 'Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Revolution', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Revolution_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Revolution is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction television series that ran from September 17 , 2012 until May 21 , 2014 ; it was cancelled by NBC in May 2014 . The show takes place in the post-apocalyptic near-future of the year 2027 , 15 years after the start of a worldwide , permanent electrical-power blackout in 2012 . Created by Eric Kripke and produced by J.J. Abrams ' Bad Robot Productions for the NBC network , it originally aired on Mondays at 10:00 pm ( ET ) doing well enough that NBC ordered a second season shortly after the first-season finale . Film director Jon Favreau directed the pilot episode . In October 2012 , NBC picked it up for a full season of 22 episodes , which was later reduced to 20 episodes . Season 1 of the show was filmed in and around Wilmington , North Carolina . Many of the scenes were shot in historic downtown Wilmington and on the campus of the University of North Carolina Wilmington . On April 26 , 2013 , the series was renewed by NBC for a second season of 22 episodes to air in a new time slot of Wednesdays at 8 pm . Season 2 of Revolution was filmed in and around Bartlett and Granger , Texas . The second-season premiere aired on September 25 , 2013 , and the finale aired on May 21 , 2014 . Fans started a petition to renew or relocate Revolution and as of January 2018 , the petition gathered over 101,358 signatures with a goal of 110,000 . The TV series was never renewed , but a four-part comic book series appeared in May and June 2015 , and wrapped up the story ."}]}, {'value': 'Eric Kripke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_Kripke', 'summary': 'Eric Kripke ( born 1974 ) is an American television writer , director , and producer . He is the creator of The WB ( now The CW ) series Supernatural , the NBC series Revolution , and the Amazon series The Boys .'}]}, {'value': 'Kripke Enterprises Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Almost Human', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almost_Human_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Almost Human is an American science fiction/crime drama that aired from November 17 , 2013 , through March 3 , 2014 , on Fox . The series was created by J. H. Wyman for Frequency Films , Bad Robot Productions and Warner Bros. Television . Wyman , Bryan Burk and J. J. Abrams are executive producers . After one season , Fox canceled the series on April 29 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'J. H. Wyman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._H._Wyman', 'summary': 'Joel Howard J. H. Wyman ( born January 5 , 1967 ) is an executive producer , screenwriter , director and musician . He is best known for his work as an executive producer , writer , director and showrunner on the FOX science fiction series Fringe and for creating the FOX science fiction series Almost Human . In addition to his television work , he also wrote and produced The Mexican ( 2001 ) and Dead Man Down ( 2013 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Frequency Films Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Believe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Believe_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Believe is an American fantasy drama television series that broadcast as part of the 2013-14 United States network television schedule on NBC as a mid-season entry . Originally 13 episodes were to be aired , but only 12 were aired in the U.S . The series was created by Academy Award winner Alfonso Cuarón and Markus Friedman . The series began on March 10 , 2014 , and was canceled on May 9 , 2014 . The final episode aired on June 15 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Alfonso Cuarón Mark Friedman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfonso_Cuarón', 'summary': "Alfonso Cuarón ( US : /kwɑːˈroʊn/ kwah-ROHN , Spanish : [ alˈfonso kwaˈɾon ] ( listen ) ; born 28 November 1961 ) is a Mexican film director , screenwriter , producer , cinematographer , and editor . His work has received critical acclaim and many accolades . He has been nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won four , including two Best Director awards for Gravity ( 2013 ) and Roma ( 2018 ) . He is the first Latin American director to receive the award for Best Director . He has also received Academy Awards for Best Film Editing for Gravity and Best Cinematography for Roma . Cuarón 's other notable films include the family drama A Little Princess ( 1995 ) , the erotic drama Y Tu Mamá También ( 2001 ) , the fantasy film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) , and the dystopian thriller Children of Men ( 2006 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Esperanto Filmoj Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esperanto_Filmoj', 'summary': 'Esperanto Filmoj is an American film and television production company based in Sherman Oaks , California . It is owned by film director Alfonso Cuarón . The name was coined by Guillermo del Toro , who calls cinematography the new Esperanto . Filmoj is the Esperanto word for films , and Cuarón has publicly shown his support and fascination for the constructed international language . An associated company is Producciones Anhelo , owned by Jorge Vergara , a Mexican business man , as well as Alfonso Cuarón .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dead People', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.22.63', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/11.22.63', 'summary': '11.22.63 is an American science fiction thriller miniseries based on the novel 11/22/63 by Stephen King , and consisting of eight episodes . The series is executive-produced by J. J. Abrams , King , Bridget Carpenter and Bryan Burk , and produced by James Franco , who also has the main role . It premiered on Hulu on February 15 , 2016 , and was received positively by critics .'}]}, {'value': '11/22/63 by Stephen King Bridget Carpenter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/11/22/63', 'summary': "11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . It is the 60th book published by Stephen King , his 49th novel and the 42nd under his own name . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . The novel was adapted into a Hulu television series in 2016 , 11.22.63 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stephen_King', 'summary': 'Stephen Edwin King ( born September 21 , 1947 ) is an American author of horror , supernatural fiction , suspense , and fantasy novels . His books have sold more than 350 million copies , many of which have been adapted into feature films , miniseries , television series , and comic books . King has published 61 novels ( including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman ) and six non-fiction books . He has written approximately 200 short stories , most of which have been published in book collections . King has received Bram Stoker Awards , World Fantasy Awards , and British Fantasy Society Awards . In 2003 , the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters . He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his entire oeuvre , such as the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement ( 2004 ) and the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America ( 2007 ) . In 2015 , King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature . He has been described as the King of Horror .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bridget_Carpenter', 'summary': 'Bridget Carpenter ( born in New York City ) is a television writer and playwright .'}]}, {'value': 'Carpenter B. Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moon Shot', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roadies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roadies_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Roadies is an American comedy-drama television series created by Cameron Crowe . The series premiered on Showtime on June 26 , 2016 . On September 16 , 2016 , Showtime announced that the series would not be renewed for a second season .'}]}, {'value': 'Cameron Crowe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cameron_Crowe', 'summary': "Cameron Bruce Crowe ( born July 13 , 1957 ) is an American director , producer , screenwriter , journalist , author , and actor . Before moving into the film industry , Crowe was a contributing editor at Rolling Stone magazine , for which he still frequently writes . Crowe 's debut screenwriting effort , Fast Times at Ridgemont High , grew out of a book he wrote while posing for one year undercover as a student at Clairemont High School in San Diego , California . Later , he wrote and directed one more high school saga , Say Anything. , followed by Singles , a story of twentysomethings that was woven together by a soundtrack centering on Seattle 's burgeoning grunge music scene . Crowe landed his biggest hit with Jerry Maguire . After this , he was given a green light to go ahead with a pet project , the autobiographical effort Almost Famous . Centering on a teenage music journalist on tour with an up-and-coming band , it gave insight to his life as a 15-year-old writer for Rolling Stone . For his screenplay , he won an Academy Award . In late 1999 , Crowe 's second book was published , a question and answer session with the film director Billy Wilder entitled Conversations with Wilder ."}]}, {'value': 'Vinyl Films Warner Bros. Television Showtime Networks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinyl_Films', 'summary': 'Vinyl Films is an American film and television production company founded by producer and director , Cameron Crowe . He launched the film and television production company in 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Showtime_Networks', 'summary': "Showtime Networks Inc. ( SNI ) is an American entertainment company that oversees the company 's premium cable television channels , including its flagship service Showtime . It is a subsidiary of media conglomerate ViacomCBS under its domestic networks unit ."}]}, {'value': '2016-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Westworld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westworld_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Westworld is an American science fiction Western television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy . Produced by HBO , it is based on the 1973 film of the same name ( written and directed by Michael Crichton ) and , to a lesser extent , the film 's 1976 sequel Futureworld . The story takes place in Westworld , a fictional , technologically advanced Wild-West-themed amusement park populated by android hosts . The park caters to high-paying guests who may indulge their wildest fantasies within the park without fear of retaliation from the hosts , who are prevented by their programming from harming humans . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers , along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk . The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4 , 2016 ; it comprised ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the series for a ten-episode second season , which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24 , 2018 . Westworld 's debut on HBO had the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 . Moreover , the series ranks as the most-watched first season of any HBO original series . A third season is scheduled to premiere on March 15 , 2020 . The series has received largely positive reviews from critics , with particular praise having been given for its visuals , story , and acting ."}]}, {'value': 'Westworld by Michael Crichton Jonathan Nolan Lisa Joy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westworld_(film)', 'summary': 'Westworld is a 1973 American science-fiction Western thriller film written and directed by Michael Crichton . Its plot concerns amusement park androids that malfunction and begin killing visitors . It stars Yul Brynner as an android in a futuristic Western-themed amusement park , and Richard Benjamin and James Brolin as guests of the park . The film was from an original screenplay by novelist Crichton , and served as his feature directorial debut . It was also the first feature film to use digital image processing to pixellate photography to simulate an android point of view . The film was nominated for Hugo , Nebula , and Saturn awards . Westworld was followed by a sequel , Futureworld ( 1976 ) , and a short-lived television series , Beyond Westworld ( 1980 ) . A television series based on the film debuted in 2016 on HBO .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Crichton', 'summary': 'John Michael Crichton ( /ˈkraɪtən/ ; October 23 , 1942 - November 4 , 2008 ) was an American author , screenwriter , and film director and producer . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and over a dozen have been adapted into films . His literary works are usually within the science fiction , techno-thriller , and medical fiction genres , and heavily feature technology . His novels often explore technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and scientific background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , The Great Train Robbery ( 1975 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , and Next ( 2006 ) . Films he wrote and directed included Westworld ( 1973 ) , Coma ( 1978 ) , The Great Train Robbery ( 1979 ) , Looker ( 1981 ) , and Runaway ( 1984 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Nolan', 'summary': "Jonathan Nolan ( born 6 June 1976 ) is a British-American screenwriter , television producer , director and author . He is the creator of the CBS science fiction series Person of Interest ( 2011-2016 ) and co-creator of the HBO science fiction western series Westworld ( 2016-present ) . Nolan has collaborated on several films with his brother , director Christopher Nolan , who adapted Jonathan 's short story Memento Mori into the neo-noir thriller film Memento ( 2000 ) . Together , the siblings co-wrote the mystery thriller film The Prestige ( 2006 ) , the superhero films The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the science fiction film Interstellar ( 2014 ) . Nolan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Memento , and for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for Westworld , among a number of other awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Joy', 'summary': 'Lisa Joy is an American screenwriter , director and television producer . She is co-creator and executive producer of the HBO series Westworld . Her work also includes writing for the television series Burn Notice ( for which she also served as a co-producer ) and Pushing Daisies . Lisa Joy received an Emmy nomination for her writing on Westworld in July 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'HBO Entertainment Kilter Films Jerry Weintraub Productions Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HBO', 'summary': 'HBO ( Home Box Office ) is an American premium television network owned by Home Box Office , Inc. , a subsidiary of WarnerMedia Entertainment . The programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television shows , along with made-for-cable movies , documentaries and occasional comedy and concert specials . HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service ( basic or premium ) in the United States , having been in operation since November 8 , 1972 . In 2016 , HBO had an adjusted operating income of US $ 1.93 billion , compared to the US $ 1.88 billion it accrued in 2015 . HBO has 140 million subscribers worldwide as of 2018 [ update ] . The network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels , including HBO Comedy , HBO Latino , HBO Signature , and HBO Family . It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015 and has over 5 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2018 [ update ] .'}]}, {'value': '2018-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castle Rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castle_Rock_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Castle Rock is an American psychological horror anthology web television series , featuring and inspired by characters , settings , and themes from the stories created by Stephen King and his fictional town of Castle Rock , Maine . The series premiered on July 25 , 2018 on Hulu . It was created by Sam Shaw and Dustin Thomason , and stars André Holland , Melanie Lynskey , Bill Skarsgård , Jane Levy , and Sissy Spacek in its first season . On August 14 , 2018 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season , which premiered on October 23 , 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sam Shaw', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Curiosity Shop Darkbloom Productions Warner Bros. Television', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Productions -- Television series', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Bad_Robot_Productions_1', 'intro': 'Bad Robot is an American film and television production company led by J. J. Abrams. Under its Bad Robot Productions division, the company is responsible for the television series Alias, Lost, Fringe, Person of Interest, Revolution and Westworld alongside the feature-length films Cloverfield, Star Trek, Super 8, Star Trek Into Darkness, Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol, Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation, Star Wars Episodes VII and IX, 10 Cloverfield Lane, Star Trek Beyond, The Cloverfield Paradox, Mission: Impossible - Fallout, and Overlord.'}
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What is the first name of the creator of Almost Human ?
Joel
fed4cd921203e837
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Super_Rugby_stadiums', 'title': 'List of Super Rugby stadiums', 'header': ['Stadium', 'Team', 'Country', 'City', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Emirates Airline Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellis_Park_Stadium', 'summary': "Ellis Park Stadium ( known as Emirates Airline Park for sponsorship reasons ) is a rugby union and association football stadium in the city of Johannesburg , Gauteng Province , South Africa . It hosted the final of the 1995 Rugby World Cup , which was won by the country 's national team , the Springboks . The stadium was the country 's most modern when it was upgraded in 1982 to accommodate almost 60,000 people . Today , the stadium hosts both football and rugby and is also used as a venue for other large events , such as open-air concerts . It has become synonymous with rugby as the only time when rugby was not played at Ellis Park was during 1980 and 1981 , when the stadium was under construction during the upgrade . The stadium was originally named after Mr J.D . Ellis , who made the area for the stadium available . A five-year ZAR 450 million ( US $ 58 million/£30 million ) naming rights deal was signed in 2008 with The Coca-Cola Company , resulting in the stadium being named Coca-Cola Park between 2008 and 2012 . League , provincial , and international football games have all been played at the stadium , and it has seen such teams as Brazil , Manchester United and Arsenal play . Ellis Park Stadium is the centerpiece of a sporting sector in the south-east of Johannesburg , where it neighbours Johannesburg Stadium ( athletics ) , Standard Bank Arena , Ellis Park Tennis Stadium , and an Olympic-class swimming pool . Ellis Park is home to the following teams :"}]}, {'value': 'Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lions_(Super_Rugby)', 'summary': "The Lions ( known as the Emirates Lions for sponsorship reasons ) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Johannesburg in the Gauteng province who compete in the Super Rugby competition . They were previously known as the Cats between the 1998 and 2006 seasons . They had varied results in the competition , finishing at the bottom of the table six times ( in 1998 , 2003 , 2004 , 2008 , 2010 and 2012 ) , but reaching the semifinal stage five times ( in 2000 , 2001 , 2016 , 2017 and 2018 ) . They reached their first final in 2016 - where they lost to the Hurricanes 20-3 in Wellington - and repeated the feat in 2017 , losing 17-25 to the Crusaders in Johannesburg , The team plays it 's home games at Ellis Park Stadium . The team faced relegation from the Super 14 after the Southern Spears won a court ruling that they should be included in the competition in place of the lowest ranked South African team in the 2006 competition . However , the Spears and the country 's national federation , the South African Rugby Union , reached a settlement of their legal case . By the terms of the settlement , announced on 16 November 2006 , the financially troubled Spears abandoned their case . As part of a second attempt to introduce Super Rugby into the Eastern Cape , after finishing bottom of the 2012 Super Rugby table , the South African Rugby Union mandated that the Lions be replaced in the 2013 competition by the Southern Kings from Port Elizabeth . The Lions exclusion lasted just one season as they regained their place in Super Rugby for the 2014 season by beating the Southern Kings in a two leg playoff after the Kings finished bottom of the 2013 South African conference . During the 2016 Super Rugby season play-offs , the Lions defeated the South Island teams ( Crusaders and Highlanders ) to reach the championship final , in which they were defeated 20-3 by the Hurricanes ."}]}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Johannesburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannesburg', 'summary': "Johannesburg ( /dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg , also US : /-ˈhɑːn-/ -\u2060HAHN- ; Afrikaans : [ jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ ] ; Zulu and Xhosa : eGoli ) , informally known as Jozi or Joburg , is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world . It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng , which is the wealthiest province in South Africa . Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court . The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade , It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . The metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . In 2019 , the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127 , making it the most populous city in South Africa . In the same year , the population of Johannesburg 's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city ( 1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi ) is large in comparison with those of other major cities , resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre ( 6,120/sq mi ) . The city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm . Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand , within ten years , the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants . A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994 , Soweto is now part of Johannesburg . Originally an acronym for South-Western Townships , Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg , populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry . Soweto , although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg , had been separated as a residential area for Blacks , who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper ."}]}, {'value': '62,567', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cape Town Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Town_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Cape Town Stadium ( Afrikaans : Kaapstad-stadion ; Xhosa : Inkundla yezemidlalo yaseKapa ) is a football and Rugby union stadium in Cape Town , South Africa , that was built for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . During the planning stage , it was known as the Green Point Stadium , which was the name of the previous stadium on the site , and this name was also used frequently during World Cup media coverage . It is the home ground of Premier Soccer League clubs Ajax Cape Town ( since 2010 ) and Cape Town City ( since 2016 ) . It has also hosted the South Africa Sevens rugby tournament since 2015 . The stadium is located in Green Point , between Signal Hill and the Atlantic Ocean , close to the Cape Town city centre and to the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront , a popular tourist and shopping venue . The stadium had a seating capacity of 64,100 during the 2010 World Cup , later reduced to 55,000 . The stadium is connected to the waterfront by a new road connection , Granger Bay Boulevard .'}]}, {'value': 'Stormers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stormers', 'summary': 'The Stormers ( known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers ) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape , competing in the Super Rugby competition . They have never won a tournament , but their home stadium , Newlands , typically draws the highest average attendance figures of any ground in Super Rugby . [ citation needed ] They are centred on the Western Province Currie Cup side , but also draw players from the Boland Cavaliers ( covering the Cape Winelands and West Coast districts , with home matches in Wellington ) . Through 2005 , they also drew players from the SWD Eagles ( George ) , which meant that they drew players from all three unions in the Western Cape Province . However , the general realignment of franchise areas resulting from the expansion of the competition resulted in the Eagles being moved to the area of the Southern Spears ( later succeeded by the Southern Kings ) . Prior to 1998 , South Africa did not use a franchise system for the Super 12 , instead sending the top four unions from its domestic competition , the Currie Cup , into the Super 12 . In 1996 , the Stormers qualified and competed in the Super 12 as Western Province . In 1997 , they did not qualify , the 4th South African team being the Orange Free State ( now the Free State Cheetahs at Currie Cup level ; the region would later be represented in Super 12 by the Cats ( now known as the Lions ) and in Super 14 by the Cheetahs ) . The Stormers played their first ever final , against the Bulls in front of 36,000 fans in Johannesburg , in 2010 after beating the Waratahs in the semi-final stage but ultimately lost to the Bulls . In the two previous years in which they reached the semi-finals , 1999 and 2004 , they were eliminated by the Highlanders and Crusaders . They made consecutive home semifinals in 2011 and 2012 , but lost both at Newlands to the Crusaders and the Sharks respectively . In 2015 they won the South African conference for a third time , before losing their home quarterfinal against the Brumbies .'}]}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Cape Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cape_Town', 'summary': "Cape Town ( Afrikaans : Kaapstad ) [ ˈkɑːpstat ] ; Xhosa : iKapa ; Khoi-San : //Hui ! Gaeb ) is the second most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and also the legislative capital of South Africa . Colloquially named the Mother City , it is the largest city of the Western Cape province . It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality , The Parliament of South Africa sits in Cape Town . The other two capitals are located in Pretoria ( the executive capital where the Presidency is based ) and Bloemfontein ( the judicial capital where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located ) . The city is known for its harbour , for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region , and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point . Cape Town is home to 64% of the Western Cape 's population . The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design . In 2014 , Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both The New York Times and The Daily Telegraph. , Cape Town was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Located on the shore of Table Bay , Cape Town , as the oldest urban area in South Africa , was developed by the United East India Company ( VOC ) as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa , India , and the Far East . Jan van Riebeeck 's arrival on 6 April 1652 established VOC Cape Colony , the first permanent European settlement in South Africa . Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope , becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony . Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg , Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa ."}]}, {'value': '55,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Growthpoint Kings Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_Park_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Kings Park Stadium ( known as the Jonsson Kings Park Stadium for sponsorship reasons since March 8th 2018 ) , is a stadium located in the Kings Park Sporting Precinct in Durban , South Africa . The stadium was originally built with a capacity of 12,000 and opened in 1958 , extensively renovated in the 1980s and then again in time for the 1995 Rugby World Cup . It currently has a capacity of 52,000 and is the home ground of the Sharks . The stadium has also been used by Durban-based Premier Soccer League football ( soccer ) clubs , as well as for large football finals . It was previously also known as the ABSA Stadium ( between 2000 and 2010 ) , Mr Price Kings Park Stadium ( in 2011 and 2012 ) and Growthpoint Kings Park ( between 2013 and early 2018 ) due to sponsorship deals .'}]}, {'value': 'Sharks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharks_(rugby_union)', 'summary': "The Sharks ( known as the Cell C Sharks for sponsorship reasons ) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Durban in KwaZulu Natal completing in the Super Rugby competition ( Super 10 , 1993-95 ; Super 12 , 1996 - 2005 ; Super 14 , 2006-10 ; Super Rugby 2011-present ) and centred on the Sharks union , also based in Durban and drawing players from all of KwaZulu-Natal Province , The team plays its home matches at the Kings Park Stadium . In 1993-1995 South Africa was represented in the Super 10 by their three top unions ( top three teams from the previous years Currie Cup ) . Natal ( as they were called then ) qualified in 1993 and 1994 . Natal were runners-up in 1994 after having lost to Queensland 21-10 in the final . In 1996 and 1997 South Africa was represented in the Super 12 by their four top unions rather than franchises , and Natal qualified and competed both years . They have never won any of the Super Rugby competition , but have reached the final four times , as Natal in 1996 and as the Sharks in 2001 , 2007 and 2012 . The side contains many Springbok players , including Tendai 'Beast ' Mtawarira , Andre Esterhuizen , Dan du Preez , Coenie Oosthuizen and Curwin Bosch . [ needs update ] They have also featured many international stars including France international Frédéric Michalak . In 2010 , they were slated to feature Argentine star Juan Martín Hernández , but he was ruled out for the season with a back injury . In 2017 they recruited France 's Clément Poitrenaud . [ importance ? ]"}]}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Durban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durban', 'summary': "Durban ( Zulu : eThekwini , from itheku meaning bay/lagoon ) is the third most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal . Located on the east coast of South Africa , Durban is the busiest port in the country . It is also one of the major centres of tourism because of the city 's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches . Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , which includes neighboring towns and has a population of about 3.44 million , making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent . It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg . In May 2015 , Durban was officially recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders Cities , Durban was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': '55,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suncorp Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lang_Park', 'summary': 'Lang Park , also known as Brisbane Stadium , and by the sponsored name Suncorp Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia , located in the suburb of Milton . The current facility comprises a three-tiered rectangular sporting stadium with a capacity of 52,500 people . It is primarily used for rugby league , rugby union , and soccer , with a rectangular playing field of 136 metres by 82 metres . Lang Park was established in 1914 , on the site of the former North Brisbane Cemetery , and in its early days was home to a number of different sports , including cycling , athletics , and soccer . The lease of the park was taken over by the Brisbane Rugby League in 1957 and it became the home of the game in Queensland ( remaining so to this day ) . It has also been the home ground of major rugby union and soccer matches in Queensland since its modern redevelopment , including the Queensland Reds and the Brisbane Roar , and some Wallabies and Socceroos matches . It hosted the 2008 Rugby League World Cup Final and the 2017 Rugby League World Cup Final .'}]}, {'value': 'Reds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queensland_Reds', 'summary': "The Queensland Reds is the rugby union team for the Australian state of Queensland that competes in the Southern Hemisphere 's Super Rugby competition . Prior to 1996 they were a representative team selected from the rugby union club competitions in Queensland . With the introduction of the professional Super 12 competition they moved to a model where players are contracted to the Reds through the Queensland Rugby Union rather than selected on the basis of club form . From 1996 to 2005 they were one of three Australian teams competing in the Super 12 competition , alongside the New South Wales Waratahs and the ACT Brumbies . Queensland finished as minor premiers in 1996 and 1999 . From 2006 to 2010 , they competed in the expanded Super 14 competition as one of four Australian sides . Beginning in 2011 , they are one of five Australian sides in the expanded and renamed Super Rugby , winning the competition in its first season in its new format . In 2012 they finished first in the Australian conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Brisbane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': '52,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loftus Versfeld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium', 'summary': "Loftus Versfeld Stadium is a rugby and football stadium situated in the Arcadia suburb of Pretoria , Gauteng , South Africa . The stadium has a capacity of 51,762 for rugby union and it is occasionally used for football matches . The stadium is the home ground of the Bulls franchise of the Super Rugby tournament and the Blue Bulls union in South Africa 's Currie Cup . It also hosted the 2009 Super 14 Final which the Bulls won 61-17 against the Waikato Chiefs , and the 2009 Currie Cup final , which the Bulls went on to win 36-24 against the Free State Cheetahs . Also , the South Africa national rugby union team has played several test matches at the Loftus Versfeld Stadium . They played New Zealand in 1970 , 1996 , 1999 , 2003 and 2006 , Australia in 1967 , 1997 , 2001 , 2005 , 2010 and 2012 , England in 1994 , 2000 and 2007 , and Ireland in 1998 . In June 2010 , the stadium hosted opening round games and one game of the round of 16 of the 2010 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Bulls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulls_(Super_Rugby)', 'summary': 'The Bulls , for sponsorship reasons known as the Vodacom Bulls , is a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria and they play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld . Prior to 1998 , the Bulls competed in the then-Super 12 as Northern Transvaal , as in those years South Africa was represented in the competition by its top four Currie Cup sides from the previous season , instead of the modern Super Rugby teams . They compete in the Super Rugby . The side won the Super 14 in 2007 , 2009 and 2010 , placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles . They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era ( 2006-10 ) , winning three out of the five titles . They are the most successful South African team , and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title .'}]}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Pretoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pretoria', 'summary': "Pretoria ( /prɪˈtɔːriə/ pri-TOR-ee-ə ; Zulu : ePitoli ; Tswana : Tshwane ) is the fourth most populous city in South Africa after Durban and is an administrative capital of South Africa . It straddles the Apies River and has spread eastwards into the foothills of the Magaliesberg mountains . It is one of the country 's three capital cities , serving as the seat of the administrative branch of government ( Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein the judicial capital ) , and of foreign embassies to South Africa . Pretoria has a reputation for being an academic city with three universities , the Tshwane University of Technology ( TUT ) , University of Pretoria ( UP ) , and the University of South Africa ( UNISA ) , also home to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) , and the Human Sciences Research Council . The city also hosts the National Research Foundation and the South African Bureau of Standards making the city a hub for research . Pretoria is the central part of the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality which was formed by the amalgamation of several former local authorities including Centurion and Soshanguve . There have been proposals to change the name of Pretoria itself to Tshwane and the proposed name change has caused some public controversy , Pretoria was one of the host cities of the official tournament for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Pretoria is named after the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius , and within South Africa sometimes called the Jacaranda City due to the thousands of jacaranda trees planted in its streets , parks and gardens ."}]}, {'value': '51,762', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Estadio José Amalfitani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estadio_José_Amalfitani', 'summary': 'The Estadio José Amalfitani is a stadium located in the Liniers neighborhood of Buenos Aires , Argentina , near Liniers railway station . The venue is the home of the Argentine Primera División club Vélez Sársfield and is also known as El Fortín de Liniers or Vélez Sarsfield . The stadium was named after José Amalfitani , who was president of Vélez Sársfield for 30 years . The original , temporary stadium was built between 1941 and 1943 in wood , and the current facility was built in cement between 1947 and 1951 . It was renovated and enlarged 26 years later in preparation for the 1978 FIFA World Cup . The stadium has a capacity of 49,540 spectators , although it does not provide seating for all of them like most Argentine stadia . The José Amalfitani Stadium is also the national stadium for the Argentina national rugby union team ( Los Pumas ) . Although the team plays test matches throughout the country , their highest-profile tests ( such as against the New Zealand All Blacks ) are usually held here . The newly formed Argentine Super Rugby team , Jaguares , are playing its home games at the stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Jaguares', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaguares_(Super_Rugby)', 'summary': "The Jaguares is an Argentinian professional rugby union team based in Buenos Aires , Argentina . They were founded in 2015 and are the first Argentinian team to play in SANZAAR 's Super Rugby competition , participating from the 2016 Super Rugby season onwards . They were the runners up during the 2019 Super Rugby season , losing to the Crusaders 19-3 in the Super Rugby Final , played on July 6 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina', 'summary': "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ."}]}, {'value': 'Buenos Aires', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buenos_Aires', 'summary': "Buenos Aires ( /ˌbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz/ or /-ˈaɪrɪs/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes ] ) is the capital and largest city of Argentina . The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata , on the South American continent 's southeastern coast . Buenos Aires can be translated as fair winds or good airs , but the former was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century , by the use of the original name Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre , named after the Madonna of Bonaria in Sardinia . The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation , which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts , constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas , with a population of around 15.6 million . The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province 's capital ; rather , it is an autonomous district . In 1880 , after decades of political infighting , Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province . The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores ; both are now neighborhoods of the city . The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy , hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ; CABA ) . Its citizens first elected a chief of government ( i.e . mayor ) in 1996 ; previously , the mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic . Buenos Aires ' quality of life was ranked 91st in the world in 2018 , being one of the best in Latin America . In 2012 , it was the most visited city in South America , and the second-most visited city of Latin America ( behind Mexico City ) ."}]}, {'value': '49,540', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney Cricket Ground', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground', 'summary': 'The Sydney Cricket Ground ( SCG ) is a sports stadium in Sydney , Australia . It is used for Test , One Day International and Twenty20 cricket , as well as Australian rules football , rugby league football , rugby union , and association football . It is the home ground for the New South Wales Blues cricket team , the Sydney Sixers of the Big Bash League and the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League . It is also the temporary home of the Sydney Roosters of the National Rugby League and the NSW Waratahs of Super Rugby , during the redevelopment of the Sydney Football Stadium . It is owned and operated by the Sydney Cricket Ground Trust . Until the 44,000 seat Sydney Football Stadium opened in 1988 , the Sydney Cricket Ground was the major rugby league venue in Sydney .'}]}, {'value': 'Waratahs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_South_Wales_Waratahs', 'summary': 'The New South Wales Waratahs ( /ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/ ; referred to as the Waratahs , are an Australian rugby union team representing the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby competition . The Riverina and other southern parts of the state , are represented by the Brumbies , who are based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) . The Waratahs name has historically been the name for the New South Wales Rugby Union ( NSWRU ) representative team , and became the name for the New South Wales team when it entered the Super Six , Super 10 and Super 12 competitions . The name and emblem comes from the waratah , the state flower for New South Wales . Until 2019 , their home ground was Sydney Football Stadium in Sydney . With this closed for demolition and rebuilding , in 2019 home games will be played at the Sydney Cricket Ground and Western Sydney Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': '48,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Westpac Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Regional_Stadium', 'summary': "Wellington Regional Stadium ( known commercially as Sky Stadium through naming rights , and colloquially as The Cake Tin ) is a major sporting venue in Wellington , New Zealand . The stadium 's bowl site size is 48,000 m2 . The stadium was built in 1999 by Fletcher Construction and is situated close to major transport facilities ( such as Wellington railway station ) one kilometre north of the CBD . It was built on reclaimed railway land , which was surplus to requirements . The stadium also serves as a large-capacity venue for concerts ."}]}, {'value': 'Hurricanes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurricanes_(Super_Rugby)', 'summary': "The Hurricanes ( formerly the Wellington Hurricanes ) is a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Wellington that competes in Super Rugby . The Hurricanes were formed to represent the lower North Island , including the East Coast , Hawke 's Bay , Horowhenua Kapiti , Manawatu , Poverty Bay , Wairarapa-Bush , Wanganui and Wellington unions . They currently play at Sky Stadium ( formerly named Westpac Stadium ) , having previously played at the now-defunct Athletic Park . The Hurricanes had a poor first season in 1996 's Super 12 , but rebounded in 1997 with a third placing . The team did not reach the play-offs for another five years as they struggled in the bottom four of the table . Since 2003 the Hurricanes have made the post-season play-offs seven times out of fourteen seasons , including the 2006 final , which they lost in foggy weather against the Crusaders 19-12 . After hosting but failing to win the final in 2015 , the 2016 season was the Hurricanes ' best season to date . They won the final 20-3 against the Lions , after again finishing the regular season first and hosting the final ."}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington', 'summary': "Wellington ( Māori : Te Whanganui-a-Tara [ tɛ ˈfaŋanʉi a taɾa ] ) is the capital and second-most populous urban area of New Zealand , with 418,500 residents . It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island , between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range . Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island , and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region , which also includes the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa . It is the world 's southernmost capital of a sovereign state . Wellington features a temperate maritime climate , and is the world 's windiest city by average wind speed . The Wellington metropolitan area comprises four local authorities : Wellington City , on the peninsula between Cook Strait and Wellington Harbour , contains the central business district and about half the population ; Porirua on Porirua Harbour to the north is notable for its large Māori and Pacific Island communities ; Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt are largely suburban areas to the northeast , together known as the Hutt Valley . As the nation 's capital since 1865 , the New Zealand Government and Parliament , Supreme Court and most of the public service are based in the city . Architectural sights include The Old Government Buildings - one of the largest wooden buildings in the world - as well as the iconic Beehive , the executive wing of the New Zealand Parliament . Wellington is also home to several of the largest and oldest cultural institutions in the nation , such the National Archives , the National Library , the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa , and numerous theatres . It plays host to many artistic and cultural organisations , including the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and Royal New Zealand Ballet . One of the world 's most liveable cities , the 2016 Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranked Wellington 12th in the world , and was first in the world for both liveability and non-pollution by Deutsche Bank , from 2017-18 . Wellington 's economy is primarily service-based , with an emphasis on finance , business services , and government ."}]}, {'value': '34,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forsyth Barr Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forsyth_Barr_Stadium', 'summary': "The Forsyth Barr Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Dunedin , New Zealand . At various stages of development it was also known as Dunedin Stadium or Awatea Street Stadium , or its non-commercial official name during the 2011 Rugby World Cup and 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup , Otago Stadium . It is also known colloquially as 'the glasshouse ' due to its resemblance to a horticultural hothouse . The stadium was opened by New Zealand Prime Minister John Key on 5 August 2011 , replacing Carisbrook as the home stadium of the Highlanders team in Super Rugby and the Otago Rugby Football Union team in the domestic ITM Cup . The stadium hosted four matches of the 2011 Rugby World Cup , and has hosted major music tours , starting in November 2011 with Elton John ."}]}, {'value': 'Highlanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Highlanders_(rugby_union)', 'summary': "The Highlanders ( formerly the Otago Highlanders and currently known as the Pulse Energy Highlanders for sponsorship reasons ) is a New Zealander professional rugby union team based in Dunedin that compete in Super Rugby . The team was formed in 1996 to represent the lower South Island in the newly formed Super 12 competition , and includes the Otago , North Otago and Southland unions . The Highlanders take their name from the Scottish immigrants that helped found the Otago , North Otago , and Southland regions in the 1840s and 1850s . Their main ground through the 2011 Super Rugby season was Carisbrook in Dunedin , with home games occasionally being played in Invercargill and Queenstown . The Highlanders moved into Carisbrook 's replacement , Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza , for the 2012 season ; the stadium opened in time for the 2011 Rugby World Cup , but after the Super Rugby season . They finished the inaugural season eighth , and the following season finished last after winning only three of eleven matches . However , in the 1998 , 1999 and 2000 seasons they qualified for semi-finals ; hosting the 1999 competition final against fellow South Island team the Crusaders . They lost the match 24-19 , and the following year were again knocked out by the Crusaders - this time in their semi-final . In the following fifteen seasons they would only finish in the top four once more , in 2002 . But in 2015 , they were crowned Super Rugby champions after beating the Hurricanes at Westpac Stadium . Current Highlander , Ben Smith has played a record 129 games for the Highlanders , [ needs update ] and thirteen other players have played over 50 games for the team . The Highlanders ' highest career points scorer is Lima Sopoaga with 866 points , and highest career try scorer is Jeff Wilson with 35 ."}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'Dunedin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunedin', 'summary': "Dunedin ( /dʌˈniːdɪn/ ( listen ) duh-NEE-din ; Māori : Ōtepoti ) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand ( after Christchurch ) , and the principal city of the Otago region . Its name comes from Dùn Èideann , the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland . The urban area of Dunedin lies on the central-eastern coast of Otago , surrounding the head of Otago Harbour , and the harbour and hills around Dunedin are the remnants of an extinct volcano . The city suburbs extend out into the surrounding valleys and hills , onto the isthmus of the Otago Peninsula , and along the shores of the Otago Harbour and the Pacific Ocean . Dunedin was the largest New Zealand city by territorial land area until superseded by Auckland with the formation of the Auckland Council in November 2010 . Archaeological evidence points to lengthy occupation of the area by Māori prior to the arrival of Europeans . The province and region of Otago takes its name from the Ngai Tahu village of Otakou at the mouth of the harbour , which became a whaling station in the 1830s . In 1848 a Scottish settlement was established by the Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland . Between 1855 and 1900 many thousands of Scots emigrated to the incorporated city . Dunedin became wealthy during the Central Otago Gold Rush , beginning in the 1860s . In the mid-1860s , and between 1878 and 1881 , it was New Zealand 's largest urban area . The city population at 5 March 2013 was 120,246 ."}]}, {'value': '30,748', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Smart Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Smart_Stadium', 'summary': 'Mount Smart Stadium ( formerly known as Ericsson Stadium ) is located in Auckland , New Zealand . It is the home ground of National Rugby League team , the New Zealand Warriors . Built within the quarried remnants of the Rarotonga / Mount Smart volcanic cone , it is located 10 kilometres south of the city centre , in the suburb of Penrose .'}]}, {'value': 'Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blues_(Super_rugby_franchise)', 'summary': "The Blues ( known as the Auckland Blues from 1996 to 2000 ) is a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Auckland , New Zealand who play in the Super Rugby competition . Like New Zealand 's four other Super Rugby teams , the Blues were established by the NZRU in 1996 . One of the most successful teams in Super Rugby history , the Blues won the competition in its first two seasons , 1996 and 1997 , and again in 2003 . Additionally , the team were finalists in 1998 and semi-finalists in 2007 and 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland', 'summary': 'Auckland ( /ˈɔːklənd/ AWK-lənd ) ( Māori : Tāmaki Makaurau ) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand . The most populous urban area in the country , Auckland has an urban population of around 1,570,100 ( June 2018 ) . It is located in the Auckland Region - the area governed by Auckland Council - which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf , resulting in a total population of 1,618,400 . Auckland is a diverse , multicultural and cosmopolitan city , home to the largest Polynesian population in the world . The Māori-language name for Auckland is Tāmaki Makaurau , meaning Tāmaki desired by many , in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography . Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east , the low Hunua Ranges to the south-east , the Manukau Harbour to the south-west , and the Waitakere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west . The surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and the landscape is dotted with dozens of dormant volcanic cones . The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitematā Harbour on the Pacific Ocean . Auckland is one of the few cities in the world to have a harbour on each of two separate major bodies of water . The isthmus on which Auckland resides was first settled around 1350 and was valued for its rich and fertile land . The Māori population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans . After a British colony was established in 1840 , William Hobson , then Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand , chose the area as his new capital .'}]}, {'value': '30,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AAMI Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Rectangular_Stadium', 'summary': "The Melbourne Rectangular Stadium , known as AAMI Park for sponsorship reasons , is an outdoor sports stadium on the site of Edwin Flack Field in the Sports and Entertainment Precinct in the Melbourne City Centre . The stadium 's major tenants are NRL team Melbourne Storm , the Super Rugby team Melbourne Rebels , and the A-League teams Melbourne Victory FC and Melbourne City FC . AAMI Park became Melbourne 's first large purpose-built rectangular stadium when completed in 2010 . Referred to as Melbourne Rectangular Stadium during its construction , the ground was officially named AAMI Park on 16 March 2010 , in an eight-year sponsorship deal with insurance firm AAMI . When the project to build the new stadium was approved , the largest stadiums in use were the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) and Docklands Stadium . These were venues of oval configuration and best suited to Australian rules football or cricket . The previous largest rectangular stadium in the city , Olympic Park , was a repurposed track and field venue . The stadium was one of five venues for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup , hosting the opening match and six other matches including one Quarter-final game . AAMI Park hosted rugby league Four Nations matches in 2010 and 2014 , and was used for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Rebels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Rebels', 'summary': "The Melbourne Rebels ( formerly known as the RaboDirect Melbourne Rebels for sponsorship reasons ) is an Australian professional rugby union team based in Melbourne . They made their debut in SANZAR 's Super Rugby tournament in 2011 . They were the first privately owned professional rugby union team in Australia , until 2017 when shares in the franchise were returned to the Victorian Rugby Union . The club shares its name with a former Australian Rugby Championship team , but is unrelated , The team plays it 's home matches in AAMI Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': '29,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chichibunomiya_Rugby_Stadium', 'summary': 'Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium ( 秩父宮ラグビー場 , Chichibunomiya Ragubī-jō ) ( also called Prince Chichibu Memorial Stadium ) in the Aoyama district of central Tokyo is the spiritual home of Japanese rugby union and the headquarters of the Japan Rugby Football Union . Named for Prince Chichibu , the late brother of Emperor Hirohito , the venue is used mostly for rugby sevens and rugby union matches . It will be demolished . The space will be used for a parking lot for the 2020 Summer Olympics , after the olympics a new baseball stadium will be built where Chichibunomiya stood in order to replace Meiji Jingu Stadium , since Meiji will be also demolished . The space of old baseball stadium will be used to build a replacement rugby ground .'}]}, {'value': 'Sunwolves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunwolves', 'summary': "The Sunwolves ( Japanese : サンウルブズ ) - currently known as the HITO-Communications Sunwolves for sponsorship reasons - is a professional rugby union team and is Japan 's representative team in SANZAAR 's international Super Rugby competition . The team is based in Tokyo , Japan , but also plays some home matches in Singapore . They made their debut in Super Rugby in 2016 . In March 2019 , it was announced that 2020 would be the final season for the Sunwolves after failing to negotiate a contract due to financial considerations ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokyo', 'summary': "Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '27,188', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FMG Stadium Waikato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waikato_Stadium', 'summary': 'FMG Stadium Waikato is a major sporting and cultural events venue in Hamilton , New Zealand , with a total capacity of 25,800 . Four areas contribute to this capacity : The Brian Perry Stand holding 12,000 , the WEL Networks Stand holding 8,000 , the Goal Line Terrace holding 800 and the Greenzone can hold up to 5,000 people . The capacity can be extended , however , by temporarily adding 5,000 seats to the Goal Line Terrace area . The stadium , owned by the Hamilton City Council , regularly hosts two rugby union teams :'}]}, {'value': 'Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiefs_(rugby_union)', 'summary': "The Chiefs ( formerly known as the Waikato Chiefs and officially called the Gallagher Chiefs for sponsorship reasons ) is a New Zealander professional rugby union team based in Hamilton , New Zealand . The team competes in the Super Rugby competition , previously known as the Super 12 and Super 14 , and are one of the competition 's five New Zealand teams . Playing in black , red and yellow coloured jerseys , their primary home ground is Waikato Stadium . Until 2004 , the Chiefs were the only New Zealand side never to have qualified for the Super 12 semi-finals . In that year the Chiefs earned their first semi-final berth , and in the end achieved fourth place ( defeated 37-20 in the semi-final by the ACT Brumbies ) . They subsequently reached the 2009 final , but found themselves on the short end of a record 61-17 defeat by the Bulls . The Chiefs were rewarded with a home final after a strong 2012 season . The Chiefs defeated the Sharks 37-6 , winning their first title . In 2013 , the Chiefs became the fourth team to record back-to-back title wins , when they defeated the Brumbies 27-22 at Waikato Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand', 'summary': "Hamilton ( Māori : Kirikiriroa ) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand . It is the seat and most populous city of the Waikato region , with a territorial population of 165,900 , the country 's fourth most-populous city . Encompassing a land area of about 110 km2 ( 42 sq mi ) on the banks of the Waikato River , Hamilton is part of the wider Hamilton Urban Area , which also encompasses the nearby towns of Ngaruawahia , Te Awamutu and Cambridge . The area now covered by the city was originally the site of several Māori villages , including Kirikiriroa , from which the city takes its Māori name . By the time English settlers arrived , most of these villages , which sat beside the Waikato River , were abandoned as a result of the Invasion of Waikato and land-confiscation ( Raupatu ) by the Crown . The new British settlement was renamed Hamilton after Captain John Fane Charles Hamilton , the commander of HMS Esk , who was killed in the Battle of Gate Pā , Tauranga . Initially an agricultural service centre , Hamilton now has a diverse economy and is the third fastest growing urban area in New Zealand , behind Pukekohe and Auckland . Hamilton Gardens is the region 's most popular tourist attraction . Education and research and development play an important part in Hamilton 's economy , as the city is home to approximately 40,000 tertiary students and 1,000 PhD-qualified scientists ."}]}, {'value': '25,800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GIO Stadium Canberra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canberra_Stadium', 'summary': 'Canberra Stadium , known also as Bruce Stadium ( for sponsorship reasons it is officially known as GIO Stadium Canberra , or simply GIO Stadium ) is a facility primarily used for rugby league , soccer and rugby union games , located adjacent to the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra , the capital of Australia . The GIO Stadium Canberra is the largest sports venue by capacity in Canberra .'}]}, {'value': 'Brumbies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brumbies', 'summary': "The Brumbies ( for sponsorship reasons known as the Plus500 Brumbies and formerly known as the ACT Brumbies ) is an Australian professional rugby union based in Canberra , Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) , The team competes in Super Rugby and named for the wild horses which inhabit the capital 's hinterland . The team represents the ACT and southern New South Wales ( NSW ) regions . The Brumbies were formed in 1996 to provide a third Australian franchise for the newly formed Super 12 ( now Super Rugby ) competition . It was predicted that the Brumbies , made up of so-called 'reject ' - players not wanted by the other two teams - would perform poorly . Since then , they have enjoyed more success than all the other Australian teams combined , reaching six finals and winning two . The Brumbies play in navy blue , white and gold kits . The team plays at GIO Stadium ( formerly known as Bruce Stadium and Canberra Stadium ) in Canberra and is currently coached by former Wallabies fly-half Stephen Larkham . Larkham shared the coaching duties with Laurie Fisher as Director of Football , after the unexpected departure of Jake White in September 2013 , who had two years left on his contract , until Fisher left to become head coach of Gloucester Rugby after the 2014 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Canberra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canberra', 'summary': "Canberra ( /ˈkænbərə/ ( listen ) ) is the capital city of Australia . Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation , it is Australia 's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall . The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory ; 280 km ( 170 mi ) south-west of Sydney and 660 km ( 410 mi ) north-east of Melbourne . On 1 January 1901 , federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved . Section 125 of the new Australian Constitution provided that land , situated in New South Wales and at least 100 miles ( 160 km ) from Sydney , would be ceded to the new federal government . Following discussion and exploration of various areas within New South Wales , the Seat of Government Act 1908 was passed in 1908 which specified a capital in the Yass-Canberra region . The land was transferred to the Commonwealth by New South Wales in 1911 , creating the Australian Capital Territory , two years prior to the capital city being founded and formally named as Canberra in 1913 . It is unusual among Australian cities , being an entirely planned city outside of any state , similar to Washington , D.C. in the United States or Brasília in Brazil . Following an international contest for the city 's design , a blueprint by American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913 . The Griffins ' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles , hexagons and triangles , and was centred on axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory . The city 's design was influenced by the garden city movement and incorporates significant areas of natural vegetation . As the seat of the government of Australia , Canberra is home to many important institutions of the federal government , national monuments and museums ."}]}, {'value': '25,011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMI Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rugby_League_Park', 'summary': 'Orangetheory Stadium is a football stadium in Christchurch , New Zealand . Formerly called AMI Stadium , and before that , the Addington Showgrounds .'}]}, {'value': 'Crusaders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crusaders_(rugby_union)', 'summary': 'The Crusaders ( formerly the Canterbury Crusaders and officially the BNZ Crusaders due to sponsorship by the Bank of New Zealand ) is a New Zealander professional rugby union team based in Christchurch , who compete in the Super Rugby competition . They have won 10 titles ( 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2002 , 2005 , 2006 , 2008 , 2017 , 2018 and 2019 ) . Formed in 1996 to represent the upper South Island of New Zealand in the Super 12 , the Crusaders represent the Buller , Canterbury , Mid-Canterbury , South Canterbury , Tasman and West Coast provincial Rugby Unions . Their main home ground is Orangetheory Stadium , formerly known as AMI Stadium , [ n 1 ] before that Jade Stadium , and before that , Lancaster Park . They are the current Super Rugby champions . The Crusaders struggled in the first season of the Super 12 , 1996 , finishing last . Their performance improved in 1997 and the team finished sixth ( out of twelve teams ) . The team went on to win all three titles from 1998 to 2000 despite each final being played away from home . They again won the competition in 2002 after going through the season unbeaten . In the following two seasons , they again reached the final , although they were beaten on both occasions . 2005 was the last season of the Super 12 before its expansion . After finishing top of the table in that season , the Crusaders went on to host the final in which they defeated the Waratahs .'}]}, {'value': 'New Zealand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Zealand', 'summary': "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ."}]}, {'value': 'Christchurch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch', 'summary': "Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage ."}]}, {'value': '18,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Overview', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Super_Rugby_stadiums_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of main stadiums used in the international rugby union competition, Super Rugby, in which teams from Argentina, Australia, Japan, New Zealand and South Africa participate. Stadiums are current as of the most recently completed 2019 season.'}
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What is the capacity of the stadium whose city is the third most populous city in South Africa ?
55,000
fed51c9d6010fd57
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_closed_railway_stations_in_Victoria', 'title': 'List of closed railway stations in Victoria', 'header': ['Name', 'Line', 'Location', 'Opened', 'Closed', 'Current Status'], 'data': [{'value': 'Parwan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parwan_railway_station', 'summary': 'Parwan is a closed station located in the town of Parwan , near Bacchus Marsh , on the Ararat railway line in Victoria , Australia . The station platform was on the southern side of the line . Today , Parwan is a crossing loop , permitting trains up to 969 metres long to cross . The station opened to unofficial traffic on 18 March 1886 , with the line extended to Bacchus Marsh on 16 February 1887 . By 1890 , Parwan had a platform , goods shed , a 20-lever interlocked signal box and a three road yard . In 1920 , the crossing loop at the Up end of the station was extended , and became known as Works Siding . The Ballast Siding became the new main running line in September 1922 , and the old main line became a siding , which closed in early 1923 . Automatic staff exchangers were provided around May 1927 . A new station building was erected on in 1948 , along with a new signal frame . During 1983 , the dead-end siding at the Up end of No.2 track was shortened to 110m , and work commenced on extending the loop , as part of the CTC signalling system , which was being introduced on the Serviceton line . The former Works Siding was also discontinued in the same year , after a derailment involving passenger train The Overland . In 1984 , the station was closed as a crossing point , with all points and signals removed , and the signal box abolished .'}]}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Parwan-Exford Road , Parwan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parwan,_Victoria', 'summary': "Parwan is a town in Victoria , Australia , 45 km west of Melbourne 's Central Business District . Predominantly Parwan lies within the local government area ( LGA ) of the Shire of Moorabool , but some of Parwan lies within the LGA of the City of Melton . Parwan recorded a population of 170 at the 2016 Census ."}]}, {'value': '1886', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demolished', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rowsley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Rowsley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rowsley,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Rowsley is a rural locality in Victoria , Australia . The locality is approximately 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) west of Melbourne in the Shire of Moorabool local government area .'}]}, {'value': '1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demolished', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordon_railway_station,_Victoria', 'summary': "Gordon is a closed station located in the town of Gordon , on the Melbourne - Ballarat railway line in Victoria , Australia . The station building is now being used by the Australian Railway Historical Society . The station opened in 1879 at the same time as the line though it , with the present building dating from this time . The station was one of 35 closed to passenger traffic on 4 October 1981 as part of the New Deal timetable for country passengers . The building is of timber construction with posted verandahs along the platform and roadside elevations , as well as a distinctive curved roof . The building once included a residence , but was later altered to incorporate a central booking lobby and an enlarged stationmaster 's office . The design was an experimental prototype for low cost station buildings for less important lines , and is the only example of its type . The site is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register ."}]}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Gordon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordon,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Gordon is a small town in Victoria , Australia , named after settler George Gordon . The town is located on the Old Melbourne Road in the Shire of Moorabool local government area , 95 kilometres ( 59 mi ) west of the state capital , Melbourne . At the 2011 census , Gordon had a population of 1,151 .'}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intact , leased', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Millbrook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Millbrook_railway_station,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Millbrook is a rural district in the state of Victoria , Australia , located 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) north west of Melbourne . It was formerly called Moorabool but the name was changed to avoid confusion with a locality near Geelong . The name Millbrook was adopted because of a flour mill erected by Matthew Butterly on the West Moorabool creek . At the time of the 2016 census , Millbrook had a population of 156 down from 550 in 2006 , partly reflecting changing boundaries . The soil is volcanic and well-adapted to cereals , potatoes and grazing . The landscape is undulating and preserves remnants of the original open forest . The West Moorabool creek runs through the district . The earliest inhabitants of the area were the Wathaurong , and the Irish were prominent among its European settlers in the mid-19th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Millbrook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Millbrook,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Millbrook is a rural district in the state of Victoria , Australia , located 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) north west of Melbourne . It was formerly called Moorabool but the name was changed to avoid confusion with a locality near Geelong . The name Millbrook was adopted because of a flour mill erected by Matthew Butterly on the West Moorabool creek . At the time of the 2016 census , Millbrook had a population of 156 down from 550 in 2006 , partly reflecting changing boundaries . The soil is volcanic and well-adapted to cereals , potatoes and grazing . The landscape is undulating and preserves remnants of the original open forest . The West Moorabool creek runs through the district . The earliest inhabitants of the area were the Wathaurong , and the Irish were prominent among its European settlers in the mid-19th century .'}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demolished', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wallace', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Wallace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wallace,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Wallace is a town in Victoria , Australia in the Shire of Moorabool local government area , 99 kilometres ( 62 mi ) north-west of the state capital , Melbourne . The township was established in the 1880s . Wallace Post Office opened on 2 October 1885 and closed on 26 February 1993 . Wallace was the birthplace of Edmond Hogan , twice Victorian Premier in the 1920s .'}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bungaree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bungaree_railway_station', 'summary': 'Bungaree is a closed station located in the town of Bungaree , on the Ararat railway line in Victoria , Australia . The station was one of 35 closed to passenger traffic on 4 October 1981 as part of the New Deal timetable for country passengers . A new high speed deviation has been built away from the station site as part of the Regional Fast Rail project , with the original line remaining open retained as an extended crossing loop .'}]}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Bungaree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bungaree,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Bungaree is a town in Victoria , Australia . The town is located 103 kilometres ( 64 mi ) west of the state capital , Melbourne and 14 kilometres ( 8.7 mi ) east of the regional centre of Ballarat , on the Western Freeway and in the Shire of Moorabool local government area . At the 2016 census , Bungaree and the surrounding area had a population of 269 . Bungaree Post Office opened on 1 August 1863 . The town is home to the Bungaree Demons , who play in the Central Highlands Football Netball League . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Platform intact', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunnstown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Dunnstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunnstown,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Dunnstown is a town in Victoria , Australia . The town is located in the Shire of Moorabool , 108 kilometres ( 67 mi ) west of the state capital , Melbourne on the flats below Mount Warrenheip and approximately 12 kilometres ( 7.5 mi ) east of Ballarat . At the 2016 census , Dunnstown and the surrounding area had a population of 244 .'}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Platform demolished , goods shed remains', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warrenheip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrenheip_railway_station', 'summary': 'Warrenheip is a closed station located in the town of Warrenheip , on the Serviceton railway line in Victoria , Australia . The junction of the Geelong-Ballarat line is at the down end of the former station site . The double track Geelong to Ballarat railway , which ran through the area , opened in 1862 . The station opened in 1873 , becoming a junction in 1879 when a branch line was built towards Gordon station . That branch eventually became the direct line to Melbourne , which was completed in 1889 . The station was one of 35 closed to passenger traffic on 4 October 1981 as part of the New Deal timetable for country passengers . In 1995 the double line from Ballarat to Warrenheip was converted to two parallel and independent lines , and the junction abolished . An unattended crossing loop remains on the line to Geelong .'}]}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Warrenheip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrenheip,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Warrenheip /wɒrənˈhiːp/ is a suburb of Ballarat , Victoria , Australia on the eastern rural-urban fringe named after nearby Mount Warrenheip . At the 2016 census , Warrenheip had a population of 669 . While Ballarat district gold prospectors were present in the 1860s and a primary school was opened however it was not until the 1870s that Warrenheip was established as a separate agricultural community . The railway from Geelong to Ballarat was built nearby and Warrenheip railway station opened in 1873 . As Ballarat expanded eastward during the 1980s , the junction of the Western Highway became a location for light industry . Today the industry dominates Warrenheip and continues to expand with the development of business parks . Residential Warrenheip consists mainly of large semi-rural blocks .'}]}, {'value': '1873', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demolished', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat East', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Humffray Street , Ballarat East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballarat_East', 'summary': 'Ballarat East is a suburb of Ballarat in Victoria , Australia . From 1857 until 1921 the suburb was its own town with its own council , the East Ballarat Town Council . The suburb covers a large area east of the City of Ballarat . It is the oldest area in Ballarat and was the site of many goldmines , as well as the Eureka Rebellion . The population of Ballarat East at the 2016 census was 5,628 . Although amalgamation between Ballarat and Ballarat East occurred nearly a century ago the former town retains much of its shambolic character , particularly its windy , unplanned roads which arose organically amongst the many gold mines . Much of the suburb is subject to heritage overlays because of its local significance , with many dwellings dating between the 1860s and 1940s .'}]}, {'value': '1860s', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Platform intact', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballarat North', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ararat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Macarthur Street , Soldiers Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soldiers_Hill,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Soldiers Hill is a suburb of Ballarat , Victoria , Australia located directly north of the Central Business District . At the 2016 census , Soldiers Hill had a population of 2,803 . Named Soldiers Hill during the first residential land sales in 1859 in honour of the Colonial forces of Australia 40th Regiment who were stationed there prior to the battle of the Eureka Rebellion and the Eureka Stockade riot , it is the earliest planned suburb of Ballarat . Soldiers Hill is an important heritage area in Ballarat and the entire suburb is covered by a City of Ballarat Heritage Overlay . It has a substantially intact Victorian era architectural character , with many of its buildings featuring an abundance of period detail including distinctive decorative cast iron ornament .'}]}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demolished , part of platform remains', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wendouree ( original station )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ararat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Forest Street , Wendouree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wendouree,_Victoria', 'summary': "Wendouree ( /ˌwɛndəˈriː/ ) is a large suburb on the north western rural-urban fringe of the city of Ballarat , in Victoria , Australia . It is the most populated suburb in the City of Ballarat with a total of 10,445 inhabitants counted at the 2016 Census . It is named after nearby Lake Wendouree , which derives its name from the Wathaurong word wendaaree , meaning be off ( or go away ) . It incorporates the unofficial locality of Wendouree West . Wendouree has the second most important business district in Greater Ballarat , and is also the location of several Ballarat-based commercial and industrial firms . Landmarks of Wendouree include the Minerdome , the home of the Ballarat Miners and Ballarat Rush ; the Ballarat Showgrounds , where the annual Ballarat Show is held ; Eureka Stadium , which is the home ground of the North Ballarat VFL ( Australian Football ) club and has hosted Australian Football League matches since 2017 , the former St Mary 's Redemptorist Monastery , Stockland Wendouree shopping centre , and the Wendouree Centre for the Performing Arts ."}]}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demolished', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burrumbeet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burrumbeet_railway_station', 'summary': 'Burrumbeet is a closed railway station located in the town of Burrumbeet , on the Ararat railway line in Victoria , Australia . In addition a short branch line ran southwards from the main line to serve Burrumbeet Racecourse . Construction of the line from Ballarat through Burrumbeet to Ararat was authorised in December 1871 . Work commenced in September 1872 from Burrumbeet , with little excavation required over the plains to Ballarat , with the line and station opened in August 1874 . In the years of 1874-75 3208 passengers travelled from the station , by 1885 it had increased to 4040 . Two other railway platforms existed in the area . Burrumbeet Racecourse Platform was open to passengers between 1892 and 1904 , for the use of special trains running for race meetings at the nearby Burrumbeet Racecourse , the final leg of the journey being by horse and buggy . That platform was replaced by a short branch line to a new station at the racecourse itself . The branch opened in 1904 and closed in July 1948 due to declining traffic . The original station building at Burrumbeet was of brick construction with a separate signal box . In January 1965 , they were replaced by a new building incorporating a signal bay . The station closed to passengers in 1972 , with complete closure occurring in December 1987 when all safeworking facilities , points and crossings were removed .'}]}, {'value': 'Ararat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Burrumbeet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burrumbeet,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Burrumbeet is a town in western Victoria , Australia . The town is located on the Western Highway , 136 kilometres ( 85 mi ) west of the state capital , Melbourne and 24 kilometres ( 15 mi ) west of the regional centre , Ballarat . At the 2016 census , Burrumbeet and the surrounding area had a population of 232 . Lake Burrumbeet , a large but shallow eutrophic lake , is located nearby .'}]}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Platform intact', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trawalla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trawalla_railway_station', 'summary': 'Trawalla is a closed station located in the town of Trawalla , on the Ararat railway line in Victoria , Australia . A disused goods yard is located at the station . The station was one of 35 closed to passenger traffic on 4 October 1981 as part of the New Deal timetable for country passengers . Until the 1980s Trawalla was still used as a staff exchange point to either Ballarat or Beaufort . The line through Trawalla closed in 1995 after all traffic was diverted via Creesy but was reopened in 2004 as part of the Linking Victoria program . The station building still remains and is visible from the Western Highway and from inside the train .'}]}, {'value': 'Ararat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Trawalla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trawalla,_Victoria', 'summary': "Trawalla is a town in central Western Victoria , Australia , located on the Western Highway , 41 kilometres ( 25 mi ) west of Ballarat and 154 kilometres ( 96 mi ) west of Melbourne , in the Shire of Pyrenees . At the 2006 census , Trawalla and the surrounding agricultural area had a population of 224 . Trawalla sits at the headwaters of the Mount Emu Creek where it crosses the Western Highway . The Ararat railway line passes through the area . A railway station was in service at Trawalla but closed in the 1960s . A local primary school , a roadhouse and the minimum security prison farm HM Prison Langi Kal Kal , are the focal points of the area . The Moner balug clan of the Wathaurong Aboriginal people called the area , Trawalla which means 'wild water ' or possibly 'much rain ' . In 1836 the district was traversed and noted by explorer Sir Thomas Mitchell after ascending Mount Cole . The first European settlers to arrive in the area were squatters , Kenneth William Kirkland , his wife Katherine ( née Hamilton ) and daughter Agnes Anna , and Katherine 's brothers Robert and James McGregor Hamilton , who established sheep and cattle grazing runs . Trawalla Station , was established by Hamilton in 1838 and acquired by Adolphus Goldsmith three years later . After passing through several owners the property was taken over by Rear Admiral Bridges in 1887 . It was under his ownership that Trawalla House was constructed ."}]}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Late 1970s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intact', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buangor_railway_station', 'summary': 'Buangor is a closed station located in the town of Buangor , on the Ararat railway line in Victoria , Australia . The station was one of 35 closed to passenger traffic on 4 October 1981 as part of the New Deal timetable for country passengers .'}]}, {'value': 'Ararat line', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serviceton_railway_line', 'summary': 'The Serviceton railway line ( also known as the Western line ) is a railway serving the west of Victoria , Australia , that links the state capital of Melbourne to the cities of Ballarat and Ararat , and once extended to the South Australian border as part of the Melbourne-Adelaide railway . In this role it has been replaced by the Western standard gauge line .'}]}, {'value': 'Buangor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Late 1970s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Intact , but in disrepair', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Closed stations -- On operational lines', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_closed_railway_stations_in_Victoria_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of former railway stations and railway lines in Victoria, Australia. Many of these stations and lines have been abandoned or demolished. There is a strong desire by communities to have many of these re-opened to better link Regional Victoria to the state capital Melbourne. Public transport has become increasingly popular in the 21st century for environmental, convenience and affordability reasons. For closed railway stations in suburban Melbourne, see List of closed railway stations in Melbourne.'}
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What is the current status of the station whose location recorded a population of 170 at the 2016 Census ?
Demolished
fed5766ef75096fe
hybridqa
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_United_States_Women's_Curling_Championship", 'title': "2013 United States Women's Curling Championship", 'header': ['Skip', 'Third', 'Second', 'Lead', 'Locale', 'Qualification Method'], 'data': [{'value': 'Laura Roessler', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamie Haskell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamie_Haskell', 'summary': "Jamie Haskell ( née Johnson ; born July 18 , 1980 ) is an American curler . Haskell was born in Bemidji , Minnesota . She was a member of the United States women 's curling team at the 2006 Winter Olympics and is the older sister of skip Cassandra Potter ."}]}, {'value': 'Jackie Lemke', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steph Sambor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Paul , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Saint Paul ( abbreviated St. Paul ) is the capital and second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota . As of 2018 , the city 's estimated population was 307,695 . Saint Paul is the county seat of Ramsey County , the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota . The city lies mostly on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area surrounding its point of confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Minneapolis , the state 's largest city . Known as the Twin Cities , the two form the core of Minneapolis-Saint Paul , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States , with about 3.6 million residents . Founded near historic Native American settlements as a trading and transportation center , the city rose to prominence when it was named the capital of the Minnesota Territory in 1849 . The Dakota name for Saint Paul is Imnizaska . Regionally , the city is known for the Xcel Energy Center , home of the Minnesota Wild , and for the Science Museum of Minnesota . As a business hub of the Upper Midwest , it is the headquarters of companies such as Ecolab . Saint Paul , along with its twin city , Minneapolis , is known for its high literacy rate . The settlement originally began at present-day Lambert 's Landing , but was known as Pig 's Eye after Pierre Pig 's Eye Parrant established a popular tavern there . When Lucien Galtier , the first Catholic pastor of the region , established the Log Chapel of Saint Paul ( shortly thereafter to become the first location of the Cathedral of Saint Paul ) , he made it known that the settlement was now to be called by that name , as Saint Paul as applied to a town or city was well appropriated , this monosyllable is short , sounds good , it is understood by all Christian denominations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Minnesota', 'summary': "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ."}]}, {'value': 'High Performance Program team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Allison Pottinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allison_Pottinger', 'summary': 'Allison Pottinger /ˈpɒtəndʒər/ ( born July 5 , 1973 ) is an American curler from Eden Prairie , Minnesota . She currently plays third for Erika Brown , but is best known as having played for Debbie McCormick in multiple Olympics and World Championships . McCormick left the team in 2010 . She competed in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games , in Vancouver , Canada . She was named USA female curling athlete of the year in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nicole Joraanstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicole_Joraanstad', 'summary': 'Nicole Joraanstad ( /ˈdʒɔːrənstɛd/ ; born November 10 , 1980 in Seattle , Washington ) is an American curler from Verona , Wisconsin . She currently plays second for Erika Brown .'}]}, {'value': 'Natalie Nicholson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Nicholson', 'summary': 'Natalie Nicholson ( born March 10 , 1976 in Bemidji , Minnesota as Natalie Simenson ) is an American curler . She currently plays lead for Erika Brown .'}]}, {'value': 'Tabitha Peterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tabitha_Peterson', 'summary': "Tabitha S. Peterson ( born March 6 , 1989 in Burnsville , Minnesota ) is an American curler from Eagan , Minnesota . She is currently the vice skip of the American women 's team ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Paul , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Saint Paul ( abbreviated St. Paul ) is the capital and second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota . As of 2018 , the city 's estimated population was 307,695 . Saint Paul is the county seat of Ramsey County , the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota . The city lies mostly on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area surrounding its point of confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Minneapolis , the state 's largest city . Known as the Twin Cities , the two form the core of Minneapolis-Saint Paul , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States , with about 3.6 million residents . Founded near historic Native American settlements as a trading and transportation center , the city rose to prominence when it was named the capital of the Minnesota Territory in 1849 . The Dakota name for Saint Paul is Imnizaska . Regionally , the city is known for the Xcel Energy Center , home of the Minnesota Wild , and for the Science Museum of Minnesota . As a business hub of the Upper Midwest , it is the headquarters of companies such as Ecolab . Saint Paul , along with its twin city , Minneapolis , is known for its high literacy rate . The settlement originally began at present-day Lambert 's Landing , but was known as Pig 's Eye after Pierre Pig 's Eye Parrant established a popular tavern there . When Lucien Galtier , the first Catholic pastor of the region , established the Log Chapel of Saint Paul ( shortly thereafter to become the first location of the Cathedral of Saint Paul ) , he made it known that the settlement was now to be called by that name , as Saint Paul as applied to a town or city was well appropriated , this monosyllable is short , sounds good , it is understood by all Christian denominations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Minnesota', 'summary': "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ."}]}, {'value': 'High Performance Program team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erika Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erika_Brown', 'summary': 'Erika Lynn Brown ( born January 25 , 1973 in Madison , Wisconsin ) is an American curler , currently residing in Oakville , Ontario , Canada . She started curling in 1980 and throws right-handed .'}]}, {'value': 'Debbie McCormick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debbie_McCormick', 'summary': 'Deborah Debbie McCormick ( born January 8 , 1974 , in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada , as Debbie Henry ) is an American curler from Rio , Wisconsin . Although born in Canada , McCormick moved to Madison , Wisconsin , when she was very young . Both her parents are Canadian .'}]}, {'value': 'Jessica Schultz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Schultz', 'summary': 'Jessica Schultz ( born January 2 , 1985 in Anchorage , Alaska ) is an American curler from Richfield , Minnesota . She currently plays second for Erika Brown .'}]}, {'value': 'Ann Swisshelm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ann_Swisshelm', 'summary': 'Ann Swisshelm ( born March 9 , 1968 in Middletown , Ohio ) is a curler from Chicago . Swisshelm represented the United States in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics and the 2014 Sochi Olympics . She has also been known as Ann Swisshelm Silver .'}]}, {'value': 'Madison , Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County . As of July 1 , 2018 , Madison 's estimated population of 258,054 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin by population , after Milwaukee , and the 81st-largest in the United States . The city forms the core of the Madison Metropolitan Area which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa , Green , and Columbia counties for a population of 654,230 . Located on an isthmus and lands surrounding four lakes-Lake Mendota , Lake Monona , Lake Kegonsa and Lake Waubesa-the city is home to the University of Wisconsin-Madison , the Wisconsin State Capitol , Henry Vilas Zoo , lakes , and an extensive network of parks and bike trails . Madison has historically been a center for progressive political activity , protests , and demonstrations . The presence of the University of Wisconsin-Madison ( the largest employer in the state ) as well as other educational institutions has a significant impact on the economy , culture , and demographics of Madison . Madison is a growing technology economy and the region is home to the headquarters of Epic Systems , American Family Insurance , Exact Sciences , American Girl , Sub-Zero , Lands ' End , a regional office for Google , the University Research Park , as well as many biotech and health systems startups . A 2018 report ranked Madison 14th among the top fifteen cities worldwide for venture capital deals per capita . Madison , which is named for US Founding Father James Madison , is home to eight National Historic Landmarks , including one UNESCO World Heritage Site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wisconsin', 'summary': "Wisconsin ( /wɪˈskɒnsɪn/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the north-central , Midwest and Great Lakes regions of the country . It is bordered by Minnesota to the west , Iowa to the southwest , Illinois to the south , Lake Michigan to the east , Michigan to the northeast , and Lake Superior to the north . Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous . The state capital is Madison , and its largest city is Milwaukee , which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan . The state is divided into 72 counties . Wisconsin 's geography is diverse , having been greatly impacted by glaciers during the Ice Age with the exception of the Driftless Area . The Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupies the western part of the state , with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan . Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , many European settlers entered the state , many of whom emigrated from Germany and Scandinavia . Like neighboring Minnesota , the state remains a center of German American and Scandinavian American culture . The state is one of the nation 's leading dairy producers and is known as America 's Dairyland ; it is particularly famous for its cheese . Manufacturing ( especially paper products ) , information technology ( IT ) , cranberries , ginseng , and tourism are also major contributors to the state 's economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Order of Merit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patti Lank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patti_Lank', 'summary': 'Patti Lank ( born July 4 , 1964 in Midale , Saskatchewan ) is an American curler from Lewiston , New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Mackenzie Lank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mackenzie_Lank', 'summary': "Mackenzie Lank ( born July 4 , 1994 ) is an American curler . She has won the US Junior Championship twice and US Women 's Championship once . She has frequently played with her mother , Patti Lank . She currently resides in Peterborough , Ontario ."}]}, {'value': 'Nina Spatola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nina_Spatola', 'summary': "Nina Roth ( born July 21 , 1988 as Nina Spatola ) is an American curler from McFarland , Wisconsin . She was the skip of the American women 's team at the 2018 Winter Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Caitlin Maroldo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caitlin_Maroldo', 'summary': 'Caitlin Pulli ( born May 3 , 1975 in Utica , New York , United States as Caitlin Maroldo ) is an American curler . She is a 2006 World silver medallist .'}]}, {'value': 'Lewiston , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York', 'summary': 'Lewiston is a town in Niagara County , New York United States . The population was 16,262 at the 2010 census . The town and its contained village are named after Morgan Lewis , a governor of New York . The Town of Lewiston is on the western border of the county . The Village of Lewiston is within the town .'}]}, {'value': 'Order of Merit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexandra Carlson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandra_Carlson', 'summary': 'Alexandra ( Alex ) Agre ( born December 14 , 1988 in Saint Paul , Minnesota as Alexandra Carlson ) is an American curler .'}]}, {'value': 'Monica Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monica_Walker', 'summary': 'Monica Walker ( born February 20 , 1987 in Concord , Massachusetts ) is an American born curler originally from Brighton , MA .'}]}, {'value': 'Kendall Moulton-Behm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordan Moulton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minneapolis', 'summary': "Minneapolis ( /ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs/ ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Hennepin County and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2018 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States , with an estimated population of 425,403 . The Twin Cities metropolitan area consists of Minneapolis , its neighbor Saint Paul and suburbs which altogether contain about 3.63 million people , and is the third-largest economic and population center in the Midwest . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with 13 lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls ; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle . Minneapolis is home to five Fortune 500 companies , and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States . Minneapolis has one of the highest percentages of LGBT populations in the U.S . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes , producing artists such as Lizzo , Brother Ali , Atmosphere , and Dessa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Minnesota', 'summary': "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ."}]}, {'value': 'Challenge Round', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courtney George', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Courtney_George', 'summary': 'Courtney George ( born June 24 , 1986 ) is an American curler from Duluth , Minnesota .'}]}, {'value': 'Aileen Sormunen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aileen_Sormunen', 'summary': 'Aileen Geving ( born February 13 , 1987 as Aileen Sormunen ) is an American curler from Duluth , Minnesota .'}]}, {'value': 'Amanda McLean', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julie Lilla', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duluth , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Duluth /dəˈluːθ/ ( listen ) is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County . Duluth has a population of 85,884 and is the 4th largest city in Minnesota . It is the 2nd largest city on Lake Superior , after Thunder Bay , Ontario . It has the largest metropolitan area on the lake , with a population of 279,771 in 2010 , the second-largest in the state . Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes , Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles ( 3,700 km ) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway . Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior , Wisconsin ; together they are called the Twin Ports . The cities share the Duluth-Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes ' largest port , transporting coal , iron ore ( taconite ) , and grain . A tourist destination for the Midwest , Duluth features the United States ' only all-freshwater aquarium , the Great Lakes Aquarium ; the Aerial Lift Bridge , which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth-Superior Harbor ; and Minnesota Point ( known locally as Park Point ) , the world 's longest freshwater baymouth bar , spanning 6 miles ( 10 km ) . The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesota 's North Shore . The city is named for Daniel Greysolon , Sieur du Lhut , the first known European explorer of the area ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Minnesota', 'summary': "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ."}]}, {'value': 'Challenge Round', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Becca Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Becca_Hamilton', 'summary': 'Rebecca Becca Hamilton ( born July 12 , 1990 ) is an American curler from McFarland , Wisconsin . She is a two-time national junior champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Molly Bonner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tara Peterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tara_Peterson', 'summary': 'Tara S. Peterson ( born May 28 , 1991 ) is an American curler from Eagan , Minnesota . She currently plays second for her sister Tabitha .'}]}, {'value': 'Sophie Brorson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madison , Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin', 'summary': "Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County . As of July 1 , 2018 , Madison 's estimated population of 258,054 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin by population , after Milwaukee , and the 81st-largest in the United States . The city forms the core of the Madison Metropolitan Area which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa , Green , and Columbia counties for a population of 654,230 . Located on an isthmus and lands surrounding four lakes-Lake Mendota , Lake Monona , Lake Kegonsa and Lake Waubesa-the city is home to the University of Wisconsin-Madison , the Wisconsin State Capitol , Henry Vilas Zoo , lakes , and an extensive network of parks and bike trails . Madison has historically been a center for progressive political activity , protests , and demonstrations . The presence of the University of Wisconsin-Madison ( the largest employer in the state ) as well as other educational institutions has a significant impact on the economy , culture , and demographics of Madison . Madison is a growing technology economy and the region is home to the headquarters of Epic Systems , American Family Insurance , Exact Sciences , American Girl , Sub-Zero , Lands ' End , a regional office for Google , the University Research Park , as well as many biotech and health systems startups . A 2018 report ranked Madison 14th among the top fifteen cities worldwide for venture capital deals per capita . Madison , which is named for US Founding Father James Madison , is home to eight National Historic Landmarks , including one UNESCO World Heritage Site ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wisconsin', 'summary': "Wisconsin ( /wɪˈskɒnsɪn/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the north-central , Midwest and Great Lakes regions of the country . It is bordered by Minnesota to the west , Iowa to the southwest , Illinois to the south , Lake Michigan to the east , Michigan to the northeast , and Lake Superior to the north . Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous . The state capital is Madison , and its largest city is Milwaukee , which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan . The state is divided into 72 counties . Wisconsin 's geography is diverse , having been greatly impacted by glaciers during the Ice Age with the exception of the Driftless Area . The Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupies the western part of the state , with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan . Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , many European settlers entered the state , many of whom emigrated from Germany and Scandinavia . Like neighboring Minnesota , the state remains a center of German American and Scandinavian American culture . The state is one of the nation 's leading dairy producers and is known as America 's Dairyland ; it is particularly famous for its cheese . Manufacturing ( especially paper products ) , information technology ( IT ) , cranberries , ginseng , and tourism are also major contributors to the state 's economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Challenge Round', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shelly Kinney', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amy Lou Anderson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Theresa Hoffoss', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julie Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota', 'summary': "Minnesota ( /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Upper Midwest , Great Lakes , and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has many lakes , and is known as the Land of 10,000 Lakes . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the Twin Cities ) . This area has the largest concentration of transportation , business , industry , education , and government in the state . Urban centers in Greater Minnesota include Duluth , Mankato , Moorhead , Rochester and St . Cloud . The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed , and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Thousands of years before Europeans arrived , Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples , some of whom remain in the state today . French explorers , missionaries , and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century , encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes . Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana , which was purchased by the United States in 1803 ."}]}, {'value': 'Challenge Round', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cristin Clark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patti Killins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christina Pastula', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christie Wilhelmy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seattle , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Washington_(state)', 'summary': "Washington ( /ˈwɒʃɪŋtən/ ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Washington , is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . Named for George Washington , the first U.S. president , the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory , which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846 , in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute . The state , which is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean , Oregon to the south , Idaho to the east , and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north , was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889 . Olympia is the state capital ; the state 's largest city is Seattle . Washington is often referred to as Washington State to distinguish it from the nation 's capital , Washington , D.C. Washington is the 18th largest state , with an area of 71,362 square miles ( 184,827 km2 ) , and the 13th most populous state , with more than 7.4 million people . Approximately 60 percent of Washington 's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area , the center of transportation , business , and industry along Puget Sound , an inlet of the Pacific Ocean consisting of numerous islands , deep fjords , and bays carved out by glaciers . The remainder of the state consists of deep temperate rainforests in the west ; mountain ranges in the west , central , northeast , and far southeast ; and a semi-arid basin region in the east , central , and south , given over to intensive agriculture . Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States , after California . Mount Rainier , an active stratovolcano , is the state 's highest elevation , at almost 14,411 feet ( 4,392 meters ) , and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous U.S. Washington is a leading lumber producer . Its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir , hemlock , ponderosa pine , white pine , spruce , larch , and cedar . The state is the US 's largest producer of apples , hops , pears , red raspberries , spearmint oil , and sweet cherries , and ranks high in the production of apricots , asparagus , dry edible peas , grapes , lentils , peppermint oil , and potatoes . Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue , and the commercial fishing of salmon , halibut , and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state 's economy ."}]}, {'value': 'Challenge Round', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sarah Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sarah_Anderson_(curler)', 'summary': 'Sarah Anderson ( born February 25 , 1995 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American curler from Broomall , Pennsylvania . She currently plays lead for team Jamie Sinclair .'}]}, {'value': 'Courtney Slata', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kathleen Dubberstein', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylor Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Anderson_(curler)', 'summary': 'Taylor Anderson ( born February 25 , 1995 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American curler from Minneapolis , Minnesota . She is currently the alternate for team Jamie Sinclair .'}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Challenge Round', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': "There will be ten teams participating in this year 's national championship . The teams are to be announced .", 'uid': "2013_United_States_Women's_Curling_Championship_0", 'intro': "The 2013 United States Women's Curling Championship was held from February 9 to 16 at the Cornerstone Community Center in Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was held in conjunction with the 2013 United States Men's Curling Championship. The winning team will represent the United States at the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship in Riga, Latvia. The championship also acted as a qualifier to the 2014 United States Olympic Curling Trials, awarding a qualifying spot to the winners of the championship."}
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What state has 72 counties and is the home of a skip born in January 1973 ?
Wisconsin
fed63f380b60e0ea
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_Pastoral_Region', 'title': 'San Pedro Pastoral Region', 'header': ['Church name', 'Address', 'Community'], 'data': [{'value': 'Holy Innocents', 'urls': []}, {'value': '425 E. 20th St. 33°47′37″N 118°11′15″W / 33.79361°N 118.18750°W / 33.79361 ; -118.18750 ( Holy Innocents )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Mount Carmel ( Cambodian Center )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1851 Cerritos Ave. 33°47′27″N 118°10′39″W / 33.79083°N 118.17750°W / 33.79083 ; -118.17750 ( Our Lady of Mount Carmel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Refuge', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5195 Stearns St. 33°47′46″N 118°07′59″W / 33.79611°N 118.13306°W / 33.79611 ; -118.13306 ( Our Lady of Refuge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Anthony', 'urls': []}, {'value': '600 Olive Ave. 33°46′27″N 118°10′55″W / 33.77417°N 118.18194°W / 33.77417 ; -118.18194 ( St. Anthony )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Athanasius', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5390 Linden Ave. 33°51′14″N 118°11′08″W / 33.85389°N 118.18556°W / 33.85389 ; -118.18556 ( St. Athanasius )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach ( N. Long Beach )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/North_Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Barnabas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3955 Orange Ave. 33°49′50″N 118°10′35″W / 33.83056°N 118.17639°W / 33.83056 ; -118.17639 ( St. Barnabas )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach ( Bixby Knolls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bixby_Knolls,_Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': 'Bixby Knolls is a neighborhood in Long Beach , California .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Bartholomew', 'urls': []}, {'value': '252 Granada Ave. 33°45′52″N 118°08′01″W / 33.76444°N 118.13361°W / 33.76444 ; -118.13361 ( St. Bartholomew )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach ( Alamitos Heights )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alamitos_Heights,_Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'St. Cornelius', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5500 E. Wardlow Rd . 33°49′06″N 118°07′26″W / 33.81833°N 118.12389°W / 33.81833 ; -118.12389 ( St. Cornelius )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Cyprian', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4714 Clark Ave. 33°50′36″N 118°08′00″W / 33.84333°N 118.13333°W / 33.84333 ; -118.13333 ( St. Cyprian )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Joseph', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6220 E. Willow St. 33°48′09″N 118°06′32″W / 33.80250°N 118.10889°W / 33.80250 ; -118.10889 ( St. Joseph )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach ( El Dorado Park )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Dorado_Park', 'summary': "The El Dorado Park neighborhood of Long Beach , California , is on the east side of the city adjacent to the large El Dorado Regional Park . Lakewood is north of El Dorado Park , while Hawaiian Gardens is northeast , and Los Alamitos is east of El Dorado Park . The park is bounded on the east by the 605 Freeway , on the north by the Long Beach Town Center shopping mall , and on the south by Stearns Street . Because of the barrier of the freeway and park between the neighborhood and the rest of Long Beach , as well as the barrier created by near Norwalk Blvd and the Coyote creek and the neighboring cities , the El Dorado Park neighborhood feels quite separate . The regional park sits in a flood zone , and it protects residences from spillover from the neighboring San Gabriel River . Additional undeveloped land south of Willow street near the confluence of Coyote Creek and the San Gabriel River is held by Southern California Edison , and some designated to become part of the park 's Nature Center . The park was developed in 1968 after the land was sold to the City of Long Beach by members of the Bixby family and was financed using bond money floated in the 1950s and '60s , and the varied topography comes from soil removed to construct the San Gabriel Freeway . With a median household income of $ 130,959 , El Dorado Park is reportedly the wealthiest neighborhood in Long Beach ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Lucy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2344 Cota Ave. 33°47′59″N 118°12′58″W / 33.79972°N 118.21611°W / 33.79972 ; -118.21611 ( St. Lucy )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Maria Goretti', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3954 Palo Verde Ave. 33°49′46″N 118°06′26″W / 33.82944°N 118.10722°W / 33.82944 ; -118.10722 ( St. Maria Goretti )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Matthew', 'urls': []}, {'value': '672 Temple Ave. 33°46′30″N 118°09′30″W / 33.77500°N 118.15833°W / 33.77500 ; -118.15833 ( St. Matthew )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Beach ( Rose Park )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area . It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010 . A charter city , Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California . Incorporated in 1897 , Long Beach lies in Southern California in the southeastern corner of Los Angeles County . Long Beach is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) south of downtown Los Angeles , and is part of the Gateway Cities region . The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world 's largest shipping ports . The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore . The city is known for its waterfront attractions , including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific . Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach , currently an IndyCar race . The California State University , Long Beach , one of the largest universities in California by enrollment , is located in the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rose_Park,_Long_Beach,_California', 'summary': 'Rose Park and Rose Park South are two neighborhoods in Long Beach , California .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Pancratius', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3519 Saint Pancratius Place 33°51′32″N 118°09′00″W / 33.85889°N 118.15000°W / 33.85889 ; -118.15000 ( St. Pancratius )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lakewood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lakewood,_California', 'summary': "Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census . It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south , Bellflower on the north , Cerritos on the northeast , Cypress on the east , and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast . Major thoroughfares include Lakewood ( SR 19 ) , Bellflower , and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets . The San Gabriel River Freeway ( I-605 ) runs through the city 's eastern regions ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Parishes -- Deanery 20 ( Long Beach )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'San_Pedro_Pastoral_Region_3', 'intro': 'The San Pedro Pastoral Region is a pastoral region of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles in the Roman Catholic Church. It covers Long Beach and southern Los Angeles County. The current regional auxiliary bishop is Bishop Marc V. Trudeau . The region has 68 parishes, 10 high schools, many elementary schools, 6 hospitals, and no Spanish missions.'}
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What is the location of the church for the community that is bordered by Long Beach , Bellflower , Cerritos , Cypress , and Hawaiian Gardens ?
33°51′32″N 118°09′00″W / 33.85889°N 118.15000°W / 33.85889 ; -118.15000 ( St. Pancratius )
fed649b7c7578f6f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatorade_Player_of_the_Year_awards', 'title': 'Gatorade Player of the Year awards', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Hometown', 'College'], 'data': [{'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susan Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susan_Anderson', 'summary': 'Susan Anderson ( January 31 , 1870 - April 16 , 1960 ) was an American physician and one of the first women to practice medicine in Colorado .'}]}, {'value': 'Deming , WA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deming,_Washington', 'summary': "Deming is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Whatcom County , Washington , United States , along the Nooksack River . It is named for its first postmaster , George Deming . The community population was 353 at the 2010 census . Located about 16.3 miles from the county seat and major city of Bellingham , this small community is home to the tribal government offices of the federally recognized Nooksack Tribe and is situated within the tribe 's 2500-acre Nooksack Indian Reservation . Deming has its own local radio station , which has a receiving radius of about 15 miles ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Texas Longhorns women 's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate women 's basketball competition . The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference . The team has long been a national power in women 's basketball . Under head coach Jody Conradt , the second NCAA Division I basketball coach to win 900 career games ( after Tennessee 's Pat Summitt ) , the Longhorns won the 1986 national championship . Conradt retired after the 2006-07 season , and was replaced by Duke head coach Gail Goestenkors . Goestenkors resigned after five seasons as head coach and was replaced by current head coach Karen Aston following the end of the 2011-12 season . Since 1977 , Texas women 's basketball has played its home games in the Frank Erwin Special Events Center , where the team has compiled a 399-76 ( .840 ) record as of March 5 , 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kris Durham', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotch Plains , NJ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotch_Plains,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Scotch Plains is a township in Union County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 Census , the township 's population was 23,510 , reflecting an increase of 778 ( +3.4% ) from the 22,732 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 1,572 ( +7.4% ) from the 21,160 counted in 1990 ."}]}, {'value': 'Seton Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seton_Hall_Pirates', 'summary': "The Seton Hall Pirates are the athletic teams representing Seton Hall University . They compete as a member of the NCAA Division I level ( non-football sub-level ) , primarily competing in the Big East Conference for all sports since the 1979-80 season . Men 's sports include baseball , basketball , cross country , golf , soccer and swimming & diving ; women 's sports include basketball , cross country , golf , soccer , softball , swimming & diving , tennis and volleyball . Seton Hall canceled football ( which was played in Division III ) in 1982 . The university 's athletic director is Bryan Felt . The program 's mascot is The Pirate and colors are blue , gray , and white ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vicki Hall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indianapolis , IN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis', 'summary': "Indianapolis ( /ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ ) , often shortened to Indy , is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County . According to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 876,862 . The balance population , which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County , was 867,125 . It is the 17th most populous city in the U.S . The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. , with 2,048,703 residents . Its combined statistical area ranks 28th , with a population of 2,431,361 . Indianapolis covers 368 square miles ( 950 km2 ) , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to approximately 2000 BC . In 1818 , the Delaware relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Mary 's . In 1821 , Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana 's state government . The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile ( 2.6 km2 ) grid next to the White River . Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city 's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub . Two of the city 's nicknames reflect its historical ties to transportation - the Crossroads of America and Railroad City ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Texas_Longhorns_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Texas Longhorns women 's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate women 's basketball competition . The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference . The team has long been a national power in women 's basketball . Under head coach Jody Conradt , the second NCAA Division I basketball coach to win 900 career games ( after Tennessee 's Pat Summitt ) , the Longhorns won the 1986 national championship . Conradt retired after the 2006-07 season , and was replaced by Duke head coach Gail Goestenkors . Goestenkors resigned after five seasons as head coach and was replaced by current head coach Karen Aston following the end of the 2011-12 season . Since 1977 , Texas women 's basketball has played its home games in the Frank Erwin Special Events Center , where the team has compiled a 399-76 ( .840 ) record as of March 5 , 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisa Harrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Harrison', 'summary': "Lisa Harrison ( born January 2 , 1971 ) is a former American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Mercury in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisville , KY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky', 'summary': "Louisville ( US : /ˈluːəvəl/ ( listen ) LOO-ə-vəl , /ˈluːivɪl/ ( listen ) LOO-ee-vil , /ˈlʊvəl/ ( listen ) LUUV-əl , UK : /ˈluːivɪl/ ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States . [ d ] It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class , the other being Lexington , the state 's second-largest city . [ e ] Louisville is the historical seat and , since 2003 , the nominal seat of Jefferson County , on the Indiana border . Named after King Louis XVI of France , Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark , making it one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachians . With nearby Falls of the Ohio as the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico , the settlement first grew as a portage site . It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad , which grew into a 6,000-mile ( 9,700 km ) system across 13 states . Today , the city is known as the home of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali , the Kentucky Derby , Kentucky Fried Chicken ( KFC ) , the University of Louisville and its Cardinals , Louisville Slugger baseball bats , and three of Kentucky 's six Fortune 500 companies : Humana , Kindred Healthcare , and Yum ! Brands . Muhammad Ali International Airport , Louisville 's main commercial airport , hosts UPS 's worldwide hub . Since 2003 , Louisville 's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County , after a city-county merger . The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government , abbreviated to Louisville Metro . Despite the merger and renaming , the term Jefferson County continues to be used in some contexts in reference to Louisville Metro , particularly including the incorporated cities outside the balance which make up Louisville proper ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Lady_Volunteers_basketball', 'summary': "The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee in NCAA women 's basketball competition . The team has been a contender for national titles for over thirty years , having made every NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since the NCAA began sanctioning women 's sports in the 1981-82 season . The team is more frequently referred to as the Lady Vols ; the formal Volunteers nickname is regularly shortened by many fans of both men 's and women 's teams to Vols , and sports media in the U.S. more commonly refer to Tennessee women 's teams by the shortened version . The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable . The Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2015 ) , won 17 SEC tournament championships ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2014 ) , made 18 Final Four appearances ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2008 ) , and won 8 national championships ( with the most recent being in 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisa Leslie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisa_Leslie', 'summary': "Lisa Deshaun Leslie ( born July 7 , 1972 ) is an American former professional basketball player . She is currently the head coach for Triplets in the BIG3 professional basketball league , as well as a studio analyst for Orlando Magic broadcasts on Fox Sports Florida . Leslie played in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She is a three-time WNBA MVP and a four-time Olympic gold medal winner . The number-seven pick in the 1997 inaugural WNBA draft , she followed her career at the University of Southern California with eight WNBA All-Star selections and two WNBA championships over the course of eleven seasons with the Los Angeles Sparks , before retiring in 2009 . Leslie was the first player to dunk in a WNBA game . In 2011 , she was voted in by fans as one of the Top 15 players in WNBA history . In 2015 , she was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . Leslie was also inducted into the Women 's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Inglewood , CA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inglewood,_California', 'summary': "Inglewood is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County , California , in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city had a population of 109,673 . It was incorporated on February 14 , 1908 . The city is in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County . The city will be the home to SoFi Stadium which is currently under construction and when completed in July 2020 , it will be the new home of both the National Football League 's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers ."}]}, {'value': 'USC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USC_Trojans', 'summary': "The USC Trojans are the athletic teams that represent the University of Southern California ( USC ) , located in Los Angeles , California . While the men 's teams are nicknamed the Trojans , the women 's athletic teams are referred to as either the Trojans or Women of Troy ( the university officially approves both terms ) . The program participates in the Pac-12 Conference and has won 130 team national championships , 107 of which are National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) national championships . USC 's official colors are cardinal and gold . The Trojans have a cross-town rivalry with UCLA . However , USC 's rivalry with Notre Dame predates the UCLA rivalry by three years . The Notre Dame rivalry stems mainly from the annual football game played between these two universities and is considered the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michelle Marciniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michelle_Brooke-Marciniak', 'summary': "Michelle Marie Brooke-Marciniak ( born October 29 , 1973 ) is a former All-American collegiate and professional basketball player who played point guard in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . As a floor general , Brooke-Marciniak competed for two National Championships during her three-year career at the University of Tennessee . Michelle led the Tennessee Lady Vols to their 4th National Championship and was named MVP in the 1996 Final Four held in Charlotte , North Carolina . She was most recently the recruiting coordinator/assistant coach of the women 's basketball team at the University of South Carolina from 2003-2008 . Brooke-Marciniak was responsible for two back to back top recruiting classes , rated # 18 in 2007 and # 7 in 2008 , the highest ranked class ever recruited at South Carolina . Brooke-Marciniak is currently the Co-Founder and Co-CEO of SHEEX , Inc. in Marlton , New Jersey , a performance fabric bedding company ."}]}, {'value': 'Allentown , PA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Allentown ( Pennsylvania Dutch : Allenschteddel ) is a city located in Lehigh County , Pennsylvania , United States . It is Pennsylvania 's third most populous city and the 233rd largest city in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 118,032 and it is currently the fastest growing major city in Pennsylvania with an estimated 121,433 residents according to the 2018 census estimate . It is the largest city in the metropolitan area known as the Lehigh Valley , which had a population of 821,623 residents as of 2010 [ update ] . Allentown constitutes a portion of the New York City Combined Statistical Area and is the county seat of Lehigh County . In 2012 , the city celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1762 . Located on the Lehigh River , Allentown is the largest of three adjacent cities in Northampton and Lehigh counties that make up a region of eastern Pennsylvania known as the Lehigh Valley ; the other two cities being Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , and Easton , Pennsylvania . Allentown is approximately 60 miles ( 97 km ) north-northwest of Philadelphia , the sixth most populous city in the United States , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south-southeast of Scranton and the Wyoming Valley , 80 miles ( 130 km ) east-northeast of Harrisburg , the state capital , and 75 miles ( 121 km ) west of New York City , the nation 's largest city . Being centrally located in the Northeast Megalopolis , there are approximately 30 million people living within 100 miles ( 160 km ) of Allentown and the city has direct access to some of the largest markets , seaports , airports , railways and population centers in the United States but with a lower cost of living than many surrounding cities and regions . Allentown was one of only six communities in the country to have been named a national success story in April 2016 by the Urban Land Institute for its downtown redevelopment and transformation that has generated nearly $ 1 billion in new development projects as of April 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Notre Dame / Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish women 's basketball team is the intercollegiate women 's basketball program representing University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana . The program currently competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I . The Fighting Irish play their home games in the Purcell Pavilion at the Edmund P. Joyce Center , and are currently coached by Muffet McGraw ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Lady_Volunteers_basketball', 'summary': "The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee in NCAA women 's basketball competition . The team has been a contender for national titles for over thirty years , having made every NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since the NCAA began sanctioning women 's sports in the 1981-82 season . The team is more frequently referred to as the Lady Vols ; the formal Volunteers nickname is regularly shortened by many fans of both men 's and women 's teams to Vols , and sports media in the U.S. more commonly refer to Tennessee women 's teams by the shortened version . The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable . The Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2015 ) , won 17 SEC tournament championships ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2014 ) , made 18 Final Four appearances ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2008 ) , and won 8 national championships ( with the most recent being in 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katie Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katie_Smith', 'summary': "Katie Smith ( born June 4 , 1974 ) is lead assistant coach for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women 's National Basketball Association . She is the former head coach of the New York Liberty . A retired professional basketball player , Smith 's primary position was shooting guard , although she sometimes played small forward or point guard . She is the all-time leading scorer in women 's professional basketball , having notched over 7000 points in both her ABL and WNBA career . In 2016 , she was voted one of the WNBA Top 20 @ 20 . On March 31 , 2018 , Smith was named to the 2018 class of inductees for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . In the same year , Smith was also inducted into the Women 's Basketball Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Logan , OH', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Logan,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Logan is a city in Hocking County , Ohio , United States . The population was 7,152 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Hocking County . Logan is located in southeast Ohio , on the Hocking River 48 miles southeast of Columbus . The current mayor of Logan is Republican Greg Fraunfelter , who began a four-year term in January 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ohio State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Ohio State women 's basketball team represents Ohio State University and plays its home games in the Value City Arena at the Jerome Schottenstein Center , which they moved into in 1998 . Prior to 1998 , they played at St. John Arena . They have won 12 Big Ten titles , which is the most in the conference and have twenty four appearances in the NCAA Tournament , the most recent being in 2018 . In 1993 , they lost to Sheryl Swoopes and the Texas Tech Red Raiders 84-82 for the national title . They captured the NIT title in 2001 , beating the New Mexico Lobos 62-61. Notable alumni include former All-Americans Katie Smith and Jessica Davenport . They are currently coached by Kevin McGuff , who was most recently the head coach at the University of Washington ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': "La'Keshia Frett", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/La'Keshia_Frett", 'summary': "La'Keshia Frett ( born June 12 , 1975 ) is a former collegiate and professional basketball player . She is currently an assistant coach for the women 's basketball team at Auburn University ."}]}, {'value': 'Hampton , VA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia', 'summary': "Hampton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 137,438 . As one of the seven major cities that compose the Hampton Roads metropolitan area , it is on the southeastern side of the Virginia Peninsula . Hampton traces its history to the city 's Old Point Comfort , the home of Fort Monroe for almost 400 years , which was named by the 1607 voyagers , led by Captain Christopher Newport , who first established Jamestown as an English colonial settlement . Since consolidation in 1952 , Hampton has included the former Elizabeth City County and the incorporated town of Phoebus , consolidated by a mutual agreement . After the end of the American Civil War , historic Hampton University was established opposite from the town on the Hampton River , providing an education for many newly-freed former slaves and for area Native Americans . In the 20th century , the area became the location of Langley Air Force Base , NASA Langley Research Center , and the Virginia Air and Space Center . Hampton features many miles of waterfront and beaches . The city features a wide array of business and industrial enterprises , retail and residential areas , and historical sites . The new Peninsula Town Center development opened in May 2010 on the site of the former Coliseum Mall . Located in the area adjacent to the Hampton Coliseum and the Convention Center , the new urbanism-type project features a wide mix of retail stores , housing and other attractions . New residential development and additional public facilities ( such as the new fishing pier recently [ when ? ]"}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Lady_Bulldogs_basketball', 'summary': "The Georgia Lady Bulldogs basketball team represents the University of Georgia in basketball . The Lady Bulldogs are a member of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The Lady Dawgs , as they are sometimes called , play in Stegeman Coliseum in Athens , Georgia . They have historically been among collegiate Womens Basketball 's best programs . Georgia has won seven Southeastern Conference regular-season championships , four conference tournament championships and appeared in the NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Tournament 33 times , tied for 2nd among all schools . The team is coached by Joni Taylor . The Lady Bulldogs have also appeared in 5 Final Fours and 11 Elite Eights , but have never won a National Championship ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monick Foote', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilmington , DE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware', 'summary': "Wilmington ( Lenape : Paxahakink / Pakehakink ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware . The city was built on the site of Fort Christina , the first Swedish settlement in North America . It is at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine River , near where the Christina flows into the Delaware River . It is the county seat of New Castle County and one of the major cities in the Delaware Valley metropolitan area . Wilmington was named by Proprietor Thomas Penn after his friend Spencer Compton , Earl of Wilmington , who was prime minister during the reign of George II of Great Britain . As of the 2018 United States Census estimate , the city 's population is 70,635 . It is the fifth least populous city in the U.S. to be the most populous in its state . [ citation needed ] The Wilmington Metropolitan Division , comprising New Castle County , DE , Cecil County , MD and Salem County , NJ , had an estimated 2016 population of 719,887 . The Delaware Valley metropolitan area , which includes the cities of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , and Camden , New Jersey , had a 2016 population of 6,070,500 , and a combined statistical area of 7,179,357 ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers', 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers , also known as Wahoos or Hoos , are the athletic teams representing the University of Virginia , located in Charlottesville . They compete at the NCAA Division I level ( FBS for football ) , in the Atlantic Coast Conference since 1953 . Known simply as Virginia in sports media , UVA has twice won the Capital One Cup for men 's sports ( in 2015 and 2019 ) after leading the nation in overall athletic excellence . The Cavaliers have regularly placed among the Top 5 nationally . Virginia leads the ACC with 20 NCAA Championships in men 's sports . The program has added seven NCAA titles in women 's sports for a grand total of 27 NCAA titles , second overall in the conference out of 15 programs . In revenue sports , Virginia men 's basketball won the NCAA Tournament Championship in 2019 , won ACC Tournaments in 1976 , in 2014 and in 2018 , and have finished first in the ACC standings nine times . College Football Hall of Fame coach George Welsh retired with the most wins in ACC history ( as of 2019 , he places second [ a ] ) after leading Virginia football for nineteen years . Prominent NCAA championship programs include Virginia men 's soccer ( 7 NCAA Championships ) , Virginia men 's lacrosse ( 8 national titles including 6 NCAA Championships ) , Virginia men 's tennis ( 159-0 ACC win streak from 2006 to 2016 ; 2013 and three-peat 2015-2017 NCAA Championships ) , and Virginia baseball ( winners of the 2015 College World Series ) . Virginia women 's rowing has added two recent NCAA Championships while Virginia women 's lacrosse won NCAA Championships in 1991 , 1993 , and 2004 . Women 's cross country won repeat NCAA Championships in 1981 and 1982 . Non-NCAA national championships include six national titles in indoor men 's tennis , two USILA titles fin men 's lacrosse , and one AIAW title in women 's indoor track and field ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephanie White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephanie_White', 'summary': "Stephanie Joanne White ( born June 20 , 1977 ) is a former professional basketball player and currently the head coach of the Vanderbilt Commodores women 's basketball team . Before accepting the job at Vanderbilt , she was the head coach of the Indiana Fever of the WNBA for the 2015 and 2016 season . As an intercollegiate athlete , she was named the winner of the Wade Trophy in 1999 , which recognizes the top female basketball player in the nation . White was the 1995 Indiana Miss Basketball and was also named 1995 Gatorade National Player of the Year and the USA Today National Player of the Year . White attended Seeger High School in West Lebanon , Indiana , where she was named a High School All-American by the WBCA . She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game in 1995 , scoring seventeen points , and earning MVP honors . She led Purdue University to the 1999 NCAA Women 's National Championship in basketball . She played five years in the WNBA , one with the Charlotte Sting and four with the Indiana Fever . She retired in 2004 . White joined the Chicago Sky as an assistant coach in 2007 , spending four seasons there until she joined her college coach , Lin Dunn , as the first former WNBA player to serve as an assistant coach on the Fever staff . She was named head coach on September 23 , 2014 , making her the youngest active coach in the league ."}]}, {'value': 'West Lebanon , IN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Lebanon,_Indiana', 'summary': 'West Lebanon is a town in Pike Township , Warren County , in the U.S. state of Indiana . The population was 723 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Purdue', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Purdue_Boilermakers_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Purdue Boilermakers women 's basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and the Big Ten Conference . Purdue is rich in tradition and history , holding the record for Big Ten Championships , along with annually ranking in the top 10 nationally in home attendance . The Boilermakers have appeared in the NCAA Final Four three times , and won the NCAA National Championship in 1999 . The Boilermakers share a classic rivalry with the Indiana Hoosiers , of which Purdue owns a 52-27 series lead ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamie Walz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Thomas , KY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Thomas,_Kentucky', 'summary': 'Fort Thomas is a home rule-class city in Campbell County , Kentucky , United States , on the southern bank of the Ohio River and the site of an 1890 US Army post . The population was 16,325 at the 2010 census , making it the largest city in Campbell County and it is officially part of the Cincinnati - Northern Kentucky metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': 'Western Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Kentucky_Lady_Toppers_basketball', 'summary': 'The Western Kentucky Lady Toppers basketball team represents Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green , Kentucky . The team currently competes in the NCAA Division I as a member of Conference USA . The current head coach of the Lady Toppers is Greg Collins , who had served as the associate head coach until being named head coach in 2018 following the departure of Michelle Clark-Heard for the vacant head coaching position at Cincinnati .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nikki Teasley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikki_Teasley', 'summary': 'Nikki Teasley ( born March 22 , 1979 ) is a former basketball player in the WNBA . Born in Washington , D.C. , she played college basketball at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . In the 2002 WNBA Draft , Teasley was selected as the # 5 overall pick by the Portland Fire . But shortly afterwards , she was traded with Sophia Witherspoon to the Los Angeles Sparks for Ukari Figgs and second-round pick Gergana Slavtcheva . Teasley helped the Sparks win their second consecutive title by hitting a series-winning three-pointer in the final seconds . On March 24 , 2008 , Teasley was waived by the Washington Mystics . The Atlanta Dream signed Teasley in 2008 and she suited up for the 2009 season . Teasley was then waived for Ivory Latta .'}]}, {'value': 'Frederick , MD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland', 'summary': "Frederick is a city in , and the county seat , of Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland . It is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area . Frederick has long been an important crossroads , located at the intersection of a major north-south Indian trail and east-west routes to the Chesapeake Bay , both at Baltimore and what became Washington , D.C. and across the Appalachian mountains to the Ohio River watershed . It is a part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria , DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Arlington , DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area . The city 's population was 65,239 people at the 2010 United States Census , making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland , behind Baltimore . Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport ( IATA : FDK ) , which accommodates general aviation , and to the county 's largest employer U.S. Army 's Fort Detrick bioscience/communications research installation ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels women 's basketball team represent the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I women 's basketball . They are led by head coach Courtney Banghart , entering her first season ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamika Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamika_Williams', 'summary': 'Tamika Maria Williams ( born April 12 , 1980 ) is an assistant coach at Penn State University . She was a professional basketball player for the Connecticut Sun in the WNBA .'}]}, {'value': 'Dayton , OH', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio', 'summary': "Dayton ( /ˈdeɪtən/ ) is the sixth-largest city in the state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County . A small part of the city extends into Greene County . The 2018 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 140,640 , while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 803,416 residents . This makes Dayton the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 63rd in the United States . Dayton is within Ohio 's Miami Valley region , just north of Greater Cincinnati . Ohio 's borders are within 500 miles ( 800 km ) of roughly 60 percent of the country 's population and manufacturing infrastructure , making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers , suppliers , and shippers . Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial , aeronautical , and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations . Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community . With the decline of heavy manufacturing , Dayton 's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors . Along with defense and aerospace , healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area 's economy . Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $ 6.8 billion . It is estimated that Premier Health Partners , a hospital network , contributes more than $ 2 billion a year to the region through operating , employment , and capital expenditures ."}]}, {'value': 'UConn', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UConn_Huskies_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The UConn Huskies women 's basketball team is the college basketball program representing the University of Connecticut in Storrs , Connecticut , in NCAA Division I women 's basketball competition . They currently play in the American Athletic Conference , though the Huskies will leave that league after the 2019-20 school year to join the Big East Conference . The UConn Huskies are the most successful women 's basketball program in the nation , having won a record 11 NCAA Division I National Championships and a women 's record four in a row , from 2013 through 2016 , plus over 40 conference regular season and tournament championships . They have taken part in every NCAA Tournament since 1989 ; as of the end of the 2018-19 season , this is the third-longest active streak in Division I. UConn owns the two longest winning streaks ( men 's or women 's ) in college basketball history . The longest streak , 111 straight wins , started with a win against Creighton on November 23 , 2014 , and ended on March 31 , 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of overtime caused a 66-64 loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four to Mississippi State . The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins , including two undefeated seasons ( 2008-09 and 2009-10 ) , and was delimited by two losses against Stanford , the first on April 6 , 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament , and the second - three seasons later - on December 19 , 2010 . The Huskies also own the longest winning streak in regular-season games in college history ; after an overtime loss to Stanford on November 17 , 2014 , they won their next 126 regular-season games until a 68-57 loss to Baylor on January 3 , 2019 . UConn 's current head coach is Luigi Geno Auriemma , who joined the team in 1985 . Coach Auriemma is one of the best coaches in college basketball : his 1080-140 ( .885 ) record as of January 2020 [ update ] represents the highest winning percentage among NCAA basketball coaches ( minimum 10 seasons ) , any level , men 's or women 's , while ranking him third in all-time women 's wins behind former Tennessee coach Pat Summitt and current Stanford coach Tara VanDerveer . UConn has also been one of the leaders in women 's basketball attendance ; the team plays its home games at both the Harry A. Gampel Pavilion in Storrs and the XL Center in Hartford ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicole Kaczmarski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicole_Kaczmarski', 'summary': "Nicole Anne Kaczmarski ( born April 30 , 1981 ) is an American former professional basketball player . A standout player in high school , she received a Gatorade Player of the Year award , was named Miss New York Basketball and earned a spot on the 1999 USA Today All-USA high school basketball team . Heavily recruited by colleges , Kaczmarski eventually enrolled at UCLA and played one season for their women 's basketball team but took time off during her sophomore year to deal with health issues and personal problems . She then transferred to the University of Georgia , but left the school before the team 's first practice . Kaczmarski then left college basketball altogether and enrolled at the State University of New York at Stony Brook . Afterward , she had brief stints with two WNBA teams , the New York Liberty and the Los Angeles Sparks . In 2011 , she became a color commentator for basketball telecasts . Kaczmarski 's high school career and college recruitment were chronicled in the documentary film Running Down a Dream ."}]}, {'value': 'Middle Island , NY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_Island,_New_York', 'summary': 'Middle Island is a hamlet and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Suffolk County , New York , United States . The population was 10,483 at the 2010 census . It is situated between the hamlets of Coram and Ridge , to the west and east , respectively , and Rocky Point and Yaphank to the north and south . The name derives from the fact that it lies approximately halfway between the eastern and western ends of Long Island ( Montauk Point and the East River ) as well as halfway between the northern and southern boundaries ( the Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean ) . Middle Island is a community in the Town of Brookhaven served by the Longwood Central School District , which at 58 square miles ( 150 km2 ) is the largest school district on Long Island . The Longwood Public Library is located in Middle Island . Parks within Middle Island include Cathedral Pines County Park ( formerly a Boy Scout camp ) and the adjacent Prosser Pines County Park . Middle Island is surrounded by three public golf courses . Middle Island Country Club and Spring Lake Golf Club are both within Middle Island ; Mill Pond Golf Course is just to the south , in Yaphank .'}]}, {'value': 'UCLA', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins women 's basketball program was established in 1974 . The current coach is Cori Close . The team was a member of the AIAW until joining the NCAA in 1984 . The UCLA Bruins women 's basketball team won the AIAW championship in 1978 , and a banner commemorating the championship hangs in Pauley Pavilion , the current home of the Bruins basketball teams . The 2014-15 team won the 2015 WNIT championship ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shereka Wright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shereka_Wright', 'summary': "Shereka Monique Wright ( born September 21 , 1981 ) is an American women 's basketball player and coach . Wright retired from competitive basketball in 2006 and has worked as an assistant coach since , at Texas Tech , Alabama , and , currently , Vanderbilt . Wright was selected with the 13th overall pick in the 2004 WNBA Draft by the Detroit Shock . She appeared in 49 games over two seasons for the Phoenix Mercury and averaged 3.1 points and 1.6 rebounds over 12 minutes per game . She retired after missing the 2006 season with a torn achilles tendon ."}]}, {'value': 'Copperas Cove , TX', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Copperas_Cove,_Texas', 'summary': "Copperas Cove /ˈkɒpərəs/ is a city located in central Texas at the southern corner of Coryell County with smaller portions in Lampasas and Bell Counties . Founded in 1879 as a small ranching and farming community , today the city is the largest in Coryell County , with 32,032 residents as of the 2010 census and an estimated 32,658 residents in 2018 . The city 's economy is closely linked to nearby Fort Hood , making it part of the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area . Local people usually refer to the town as just Cove ."}]}, {'value': 'Purdue', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Purdue_Boilermakers_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Purdue Boilermakers women 's basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and the Big Ten Conference . Purdue is rich in tradition and history , holding the record for Big Ten Championships , along with annually ranking in the top 10 nationally in home attendance . The Boilermakers have appeared in the NCAA Final Four three times , and won the NCAA National Championship in 1999 . The Boilermakers share a classic rivalry with the Indiana Hoosiers , of which Purdue owns a 52-27 series lead ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shyra Ely', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shyra_Ely', 'summary': "Shyra Quontae Ely ( born August 9 , 1983 ) is an American basketball player who last played in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) for the Indiana Fever . The 6-2 power forward had originally played for two seasons with the San Antonio Silver Stars . She was selected with the 14th overall pick in the 2005 WNBA Draft in the second round , out of Tennessee ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis , IN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis', 'summary': "Indianapolis ( /ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ ) , often shortened to Indy , is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County . According to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 876,862 . The balance population , which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County , was 867,125 . It is the 17th most populous city in the U.S . The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. , with 2,048,703 residents . Its combined statistical area ranks 28th , with a population of 2,431,361 . Indianapolis covers 368 square miles ( 950 km2 ) , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to approximately 2000 BC . In 1818 , the Delaware relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Mary 's . In 1821 , Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana 's state government . The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile ( 2.6 km2 ) grid next to the White River . Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city 's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub . Two of the city 's nicknames reflect its historical ties to transportation - the Crossroads of America and Railroad City ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Lady_Volunteers_basketball', 'summary': "The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee in NCAA women 's basketball competition . The team has been a contender for national titles for over thirty years , having made every NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since the NCAA began sanctioning women 's sports in the 1981-82 season . The team is more frequently referred to as the Lady Vols ; the formal Volunteers nickname is regularly shortened by many fans of both men 's and women 's teams to Vols , and sports media in the U.S. more commonly refer to Tennessee women 's teams by the shortened version . The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable . The Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2015 ) , won 17 SEC tournament championships ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2014 ) , made 18 Final Four appearances ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2008 ) , and won 8 national championships ( with the most recent being in 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ann Strother', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ann_Strother', 'summary': 'Ann Elise Strother ( born December 11 , 1983 ) is an American basketball coach , and former professional player , most recently for the Indiana Fever . Strother played at the collegiate level for the Connecticut Huskies , helping the team to two national titles .'}]}, {'value': 'Highlands Ranch , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Highlands_Ranch,_Colorado', 'summary': 'Highlands Ranch is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Douglas County , Colorado , United States . The population was 96,713 at the 2010 census . Located 12 miles ( 19 km ) south of Denver , Highlands Ranch is an unincorporated community and was the twelfth-most populous CDP in the United States in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'UConn', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UConn_Huskies_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The UConn Huskies women 's basketball team is the college basketball program representing the University of Connecticut in Storrs , Connecticut , in NCAA Division I women 's basketball competition . They currently play in the American Athletic Conference , though the Huskies will leave that league after the 2019-20 school year to join the Big East Conference . The UConn Huskies are the most successful women 's basketball program in the nation , having won a record 11 NCAA Division I National Championships and a women 's record four in a row , from 2013 through 2016 , plus over 40 conference regular season and tournament championships . They have taken part in every NCAA Tournament since 1989 ; as of the end of the 2018-19 season , this is the third-longest active streak in Division I. UConn owns the two longest winning streaks ( men 's or women 's ) in college basketball history . The longest streak , 111 straight wins , started with a win against Creighton on November 23 , 2014 , and ended on March 31 , 2017 when a buzzer-beater at the end of overtime caused a 66-64 loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four to Mississippi State . The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins , including two undefeated seasons ( 2008-09 and 2009-10 ) , and was delimited by two losses against Stanford , the first on April 6 , 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament , and the second - three seasons later - on December 19 , 2010 . The Huskies also own the longest winning streak in regular-season games in college history ; after an overtime loss to Stanford on November 17 , 2014 , they won their next 126 regular-season games until a 68-57 loss to Baylor on January 3 , 2019 . UConn 's current head coach is Luigi Geno Auriemma , who joined the team in 1985 . Coach Auriemma is one of the best coaches in college basketball : his 1080-140 ( .885 ) record as of January 2020 [ update ] represents the highest winning percentage among NCAA basketball coaches ( minimum 10 seasons ) , any level , men 's or women 's , while ranking him third in all-time women 's wins behind former Tennessee coach Pat Summitt and current Stanford coach Tara VanDerveer . UConn has also been one of the leaders in women 's basketball attendance ; the team plays its home games at both the Harry A. Gampel Pavilion in Storrs and the XL Center in Hartford ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Candace Parker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Candace_Parker', 'summary': "Candace Nicole Parker ( born April 19 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She was the first overall pick in the 2008 WNBA Draft . In 2016 , along with other stars such as Alana Beard and Nneka Ogwumike , Parker helped the Sparks to win their first WNBA Finals title since 2002 . In high school , Parker won the 2003 and 2004 Gatorade National Girls Basketball Player of the Year awards , becoming just the second junior and the only woman to receive the award twice . A versatile player , Parker mainly plays the forward position . In college she was listed on Tennessee 's roster as a forward , center and guard . Parker was the first woman to dunk in an NCAA tournament game and the first woman to dunk twice in a college game . She set both milestones as a redshirt freshman on March 19 , 2006 . Parker became the second player to dunk in a WNBA game on June 22 , 2008 . Prior to her first WNBA game , Parker had signed long-term endorsement deals with Adidas and Gatorade . In leading the Lady Vols to two consecutive national championships , Parker was named the Final Four 's most outstanding player in both occasions , and was a two-time consensus national player of the year . Parker has won a WNBA championship ( 2016 ) , two WNBA Most Valuable Player Awards ( 2008 , 2013 ) , WNBA Finals MVP Award ( 2016 ) , WNBA All-Star Game MVP ( 2013 ) , two Olympic gold medals ( 2008 , 2012 ) , and the WNBA Rookie of the Year Award ( 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Naperville , IL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois', 'summary': "Naperville ( /ˈneɪpərˌvɪl/ ) is a city in DuPage and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois . Located 28 miles ( 45 km ) west of Chicago , Naperville was founded in 1831 and developed into the fifth-largest city in Illinois . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 141,853 , which was estimated to have increased to 147,682 by 2017 . In a 2010 study assessing cities with populations exceeding 75,000 , Naperville was ranked as the wealthiest city in the Midwest and the eleventh wealthiest in the nation . It was ranked among the nation 's safest cities by USA Today and Business Insider . Naperville was voted the second-best place to live in the United States by Money magazine in 2006 and it was rated first on the list of best cities for early retirement in 2013 by Kiplinger ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Lady_Volunteers_basketball', 'summary': "The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee in NCAA women 's basketball competition . The team has been a contender for national titles for over thirty years , having made every NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since the NCAA began sanctioning women 's sports in the 1981-82 season . The team is more frequently referred to as the Lady Vols ; the formal Volunteers nickname is regularly shortened by many fans of both men 's and women 's teams to Vols , and sports media in the U.S. more commonly refer to Tennessee women 's teams by the shortened version . The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable . The Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2015 ) , won 17 SEC tournament championships ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2014 ) , made 18 Final Four appearances ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2008 ) , and won 8 national championships ( with the most recent being in 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Candace Parker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Candace_Parker', 'summary': "Candace Nicole Parker ( born April 19 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She was the first overall pick in the 2008 WNBA Draft . In 2016 , along with other stars such as Alana Beard and Nneka Ogwumike , Parker helped the Sparks to win their first WNBA Finals title since 2002 . In high school , Parker won the 2003 and 2004 Gatorade National Girls Basketball Player of the Year awards , becoming just the second junior and the only woman to receive the award twice . A versatile player , Parker mainly plays the forward position . In college she was listed on Tennessee 's roster as a forward , center and guard . Parker was the first woman to dunk in an NCAA tournament game and the first woman to dunk twice in a college game . She set both milestones as a redshirt freshman on March 19 , 2006 . Parker became the second player to dunk in a WNBA game on June 22 , 2008 . Prior to her first WNBA game , Parker had signed long-term endorsement deals with Adidas and Gatorade . In leading the Lady Vols to two consecutive national championships , Parker was named the Final Four 's most outstanding player in both occasions , and was a two-time consensus national player of the year . Parker has won a WNBA championship ( 2016 ) , two WNBA Most Valuable Player Awards ( 2008 , 2013 ) , WNBA Finals MVP Award ( 2016 ) , WNBA All-Star Game MVP ( 2013 ) , two Olympic gold medals ( 2008 , 2012 ) , and the WNBA Rookie of the Year Award ( 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Naperville , IL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois', 'summary': "Naperville ( /ˈneɪpərˌvɪl/ ) is a city in DuPage and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois . Located 28 miles ( 45 km ) west of Chicago , Naperville was founded in 1831 and developed into the fifth-largest city in Illinois . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 141,853 , which was estimated to have increased to 147,682 by 2017 . In a 2010 study assessing cities with populations exceeding 75,000 , Naperville was ranked as the wealthiest city in the Midwest and the eleventh wealthiest in the nation . It was ranked among the nation 's safest cities by USA Today and Business Insider . Naperville was voted the second-best place to live in the United States by Money magazine in 2006 and it was rated first on the list of best cities for early retirement in 2013 by Kiplinger ."}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Lady_Volunteers_basketball', 'summary': "The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee in NCAA women 's basketball competition . The team has been a contender for national titles for over thirty years , having made every NCAA Women 's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since the NCAA began sanctioning women 's sports in the 1981-82 season . The team is more frequently referred to as the Lady Vols ; the formal Volunteers nickname is regularly shortened by many fans of both men 's and women 's teams to Vols , and sports media in the U.S. more commonly refer to Tennessee women 's teams by the shortened version . The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable . The Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2015 ) , won 17 SEC tournament championships ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2014 ) , made 18 Final Four appearances ( with the most recent occurrence being in 2008 ) , and won 8 national championships ( with the most recent being in 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abby Waner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abby_Waner', 'summary': "Abigail Nellie Abby Waner ( born October 31 , 1986 ) is an American basketball player who , after a collegiate career at Duke , was drafted by the New York Liberty in the 2009 WNBA Draft , and was waived on May 29 , 2009 . In 2008 , she became a college basketball analyst for ESPN and was named assistant coach of the University of Denver 's women 's basketball team in 2012 . Born in Englewood , Colorado , Waner is married to fellow Colorado-born basketball player Jimmy Bartolotta ."}]}, {'value': 'Highlands Ranch , CO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Highlands_Ranch,_Colorado', 'summary': 'Highlands Ranch is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Douglas County , Colorado , United States . The population was 96,713 at the 2010 census . Located 12 miles ( 19 km ) south of Denver , Highlands Ranch is an unincorporated community and was the twelfth-most populous CDP in the United States in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_women's_basketball", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils women 's basketball team is the college basketball program representing Duke University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Gatorade_Player_of_the_Year_awards_4', 'intro': "The Gatorade Player of the Year awards are given annually to up and coming high school student-athletes in the United States. They are given for boys' baseball, boys' football, girls' softball, girls' volleyball, boys' basketball, girls' basketball, boys' cross country, girls' cross country, boys' soccer, girls' soccer, boys' track & field, and girls' track & field. A State Player of the Year award is given to the best student-athlete in each of the twelve sports in the District of Columbia and each of the fifty states, where each sport is recognized as an interscholastic sport. Selection is based on three criteria: athletic achievement, academic excellence, and exemplary character (including sportsmanship, and participation in community and other activities). Twelve National Player of the Year awards are then given, to the best student-athlete in each of the twelve sports, chosen from the state winners in the respective sport. Finally, one male Athlete of the Year and one female Athlete of the Year are selected from the twelve National Player of the Year recipients. The two winners are voted on by a national panel that includes approximately 400 sports journalists, coaches, and others. The two athletes of the year receive their awards at a special ceremony prior to The ESPY Awards, in Los Angeles, California. The Gatorade Company established these awards in 1986. The selection process was administered by ESPN RISE, which was ESPN's division for high-school sports. The selection process is currently administered by the Gatorade Player of the Year Selection Committee. Past national winners include Peyton Manning and Emmitt Smith for football, LeBron James and Kobe Bryant for basketball, Allyson Felix for track and field, and Kerri Walsh for volleyball."}
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What is the county of the hometown of the 1986 Gatorade Player of the Year ?
Whatcom County
fed71a1a1f4dd428
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Pakistan', 'title': 'List of universities in Pakistan', 'header': ['University', 'Location', 'Established', 'Campuses', 'Specialization', 'Type'], 'data': [{'value': '1 King Edward Medical University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Edward_Medical_University', 'summary': "King Edward Medical University ( Urdu : جامعہ طبی کنگ ایڈورڈ ) is a medical university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . Founded in 1860 , the university is named after Edward VII . Established by the British Raj , named as Lahore Medical School . In 1868 , the University of Dublin granted students of the Lahore Medical School privilege similar to the granted to students from English schools . In 1871 , the university added Mayo Hospital as an affiliated hospital , replacing the existing Anarkali Dispensary . The same year the college became an affiliate of University of the Punjab , while in 1887 , the university added Lady Aitchison Hospital as a second teaching hospital . After Pakistan 's independence , the university became the only medical college in the country and in 2005 became a charter to award degrees in its own right . It has since gone through expansion , and overseas seven tertiary referral hospitals including the Lady Willingdon Hospital . In 2015 , HEC published 5th ranking of Pakistani Higher Education Institutions . KEMU is ranked 6th amongst the medical universities of Pakistan by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan ."}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1860', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 Government College University , Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_College_University,_Lahore', 'summary': 'The Government College University , Lahore ( colloquially known as GCU ) is a public research university located in Lahore , Pakistan . Established in 1861 as the Government College , it opened its doors in 1864 . After being elevated to a university status in 2002 , it has advanced into one of the top ten largest institution in the Pakistan with student body of over 12,000 . GCU has 32 academic departments , segregated into five faculties . There are five research centers , focused on academic and industrial research and development projects . The university secured its second place in the general category by the Higher Education Commission ( Pakistan ) ( HEC ) in 2013 . It has the highest graduation rate in the country , with an average of 95.5% annually . GCU is noted for its historical roots and attracted notable scholars such as poet-philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal , Nobel laureates Har Gobind Khorana and Abdus Salam , former president of both the UN General Assembly and the International Court of Justice Muhammad Zafarullah Khan , scholar and novelist duo of Bano Qudsia and Ashfaq Ahmed and many more to study and become alumnus of the institute .'}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1864', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 Forman Christian College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forman_Christian_College', 'summary': 'Forman Christian College is an independent research liberal arts university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan founded in 1864 . The university is administered by the Presbyterian Church and follows an American-style curriculum . Founded in 1864 by American Presbyterian missionary Dr. Charles William Forman , the college was initially named Mission College , and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College , in honor of its founder . Forman served as an associated college of the University of Calcutta until 1947 when it became affiliated with the University of Punjab . In 2004 , the government granted it university charter hence providing it with degree awarding authority . The college was initially based in the Rang Mahal in Walled City of Lahore , which was leased by Dr. Charles from the grand wazir of Emperor Shah Jahan with the support from foreign missions . In 1889 it was shifted to Napier Road and was inaugurated by the Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice , 5th Marquess of Lansdowne . Again , in 1940 , the college was moved to its present campus on the banks of the Lahore Canal in 1940 . The college remained financially autonomous until 1960 when Pakistani government began annual grants for the college for its nursing program . The college was nationalised in 1972 until 2003 when the control was returned to the Presbyterian Church . Forman is also known for its noted alumni and staff , including Nobel laureate Arthur Compton , former Indian Prime Minister I. K. Gujral , former Pakistani Presidents Farooq Leghari and Pervez Musharraf , and activist Eqbal Ahmad . As of 2016 , Forman is home to 6,347 students , 220 full-time faculty members with over 100 possessing PhDs , and 21,700 strong alumni .'}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1864', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 National College of Arts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_College_of_Arts', 'summary': "The National College of Arts ( Urdu : نیشنل کالج آف آرٹس or NCA ) is a public art school located in Lahore Punjab , Pakistan . NCA is the oldest art school in Pakistan and the second oldest in South Asia . As of 2016 , the college is ranked as Pakistan 's top art school . NCA maintains five departments in fine art , design film and TV , musicology and architecture and consists of over 800 students . The college runs faculty and student exchange programs with School of Fine Arts , University of New South Wales , École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts and the Instituto Superior de Arte . It also hosts the UNESCO Chair in architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1875', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Veterinary_and_Animal_Sciences', 'summary': "The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences ( UVAS ) , originally known as Lahore Veterinary College , is a public university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . It is accredited by the Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council ( PVMC ) . It has additional teaching campuses in rural areas of the Punjab , Pattoki and Jhang . Established in 1882 , it is one of the oldest institution of veterinary sciences and microbiology in Asia and one of the earliest institution founded by the Great Britain in indian subcontinent . Since its inception , it maintained its reoccupation as one of the famous and renown institution Veterinary and animal sciences and conducts wide range of research in microbiology and development of human resources . It was also affiliated with University Of Agriculture , Faisalabad for some years and then become a distinct entity . The university offers undergraduate , post-graduate and doctoral programs in diverse fields of animals health , food irradiation , security and safety . The university maintains its highest ranks and regarded as one of the top university in agriculture category by the Higher Education Commission ( Pakistan ) ( HEC ) , as of 2010 . 'New Campus/ Ravi Campus Pattoki' In June 2002 , on the up gradation of the college of veterinary sciences to the status of the University , Punjab Government allotted about 1000 Acres at Pattoki for the establishment of the sub campus for the education and research work activities . This is named as University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences ( Ravi Campus ) . Aim/Vision/Objectives To impart quality education with rich opportunities of Hands on Training & research . Development of about 1000 acres of land taken over from Government of Punjab ."}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1882', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jhang , Pattoki , Narowal , Layyah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jhang', 'summary': "Jhang ( Punjabi and Urdu : جھنگ ) is the capital city of Jhang District , in the central portion of the province of Punjab , Pakistan . It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab river . According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan , it had a population of 414,131 . It is the 18th Largest city of Pakistan . It is known for the shrine of Sultan Bahoo and Heer and Ranjha 's Tomb ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pattoki', 'summary': "Pattoki ( Urdu : پتّوكى ) is a city in the Kasur District of the Punjab province of Pakistan . It is the headquarters of Pattoki Tehsil , the second biggest city of Kasur District by population , and an administrative subdivision of the district . It is located at 31°1'0N 73°50'60E with an altitude of 186 metres ( 610 ft ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Narowal', 'summary': 'Narowal ( Urdu : نارووال ) , is a city in the northeast of the Punjab province of Pakistan . According to an old legend Narowal was founded about 900 years ago . The city is the capital of Narowal District and become Narowal Tehsil in 1989 . According to the census of 2017 the City of Narowal has 103 067 inhabitants . Narowal is known for its University the campus of which was established in 2012 and for various famous politicians . The city is also known for its Faiz Ahmed Park named after the Urdu poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz who was born in the village Kala Qadir in Narowal District . A famous Sikh Temple , Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur can be visited in the East of Narowal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Layyah', 'summary': 'Layyah ( Punjabi and Urdu ليّہ ) , previously spelled as Leiah , is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan . The city is headquarter of Layyah District and Layyah Tehsil .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6 University of the Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab', 'summary': "The University of Punjab ( Urdu : جامعہ پنجاب ) , also referred to as Punjab University , is a public research university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . Punjab University is the oldest public university in Pakistan . With multiple campuses in Gujranwala , Jhelum , and Khanspur , the university was formally established by the British Government after convening the first meeting for establishing higher education institutions in October 1882 at Simla . Punjab University was the fourth university to be established by the British colonial authorities in the Indian subcontinent ; the first three universities were established in other parts of British India . There are 45,678 Students ( 27,907 Morning Students , 16,552 Evening Students and 1,219 Diploma Students ) who attend the university , and Punjab University has a total of 13 faculties within which there are 83 academic departments , research centers , and institutes . Punjab University has ranked first among large-sized multiple faculty universities by the HEC in 2012 . There are also two Nobel Laureates among the university 's alumni and former staff . Additionally , the university is also a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom . In the recently issued rankings of Asian universities by QS World Universities Rankings , Punjab University jumped from the 232nd to 193rd position , improving its position by 39 places . Punjab University also ranks 251-300 in the subject of Agriculture and Forestry , 501-550 in the subject of Physics & Astronomy and 501-550 in the subject of Chemistry according to QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1882', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gujranwala , Jhelum , Khanspur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gujranwala', 'summary': "Gujranwala ( Punjabi , Urdu : گوجرانوالہ ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan , that is located north of the nearby provincial capital of Lahore . It is also known as City of Wrestlers and is quite famous for its food . The city is Pakistan 's 5th most-populous metropolitan area , as well as 5th most populous city proper . Founded in the 18th century , Gujranwala is a relatively modern town compared to the many nearby millennia-old cities of northern Punjab . The city served as the capital of the Sukerchakia Misl state between 1763 and 1799 , and is the birthplace of the founder of the Sikh Empire , Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Gujranwala is now Pakistan 's third largest industrial centre after Karachi and Faisalabad , and contributes 5% of Pakistan 's national GDP . The city is part of a network of large urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan 's mostly highly industrialized regions . Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujrat , Gujranwala forms part of the so-called Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jhelum', 'summary': "Jhelum /ˈdʒeɪləm/ ( Urdu : جِہلم , Punjabi : جہلم ) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River , in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province , Pakistan . Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the British Army before independence , and later to the Pakistan armed forces - due to which it is also known as City of Soldiers or Land of Martyrs and Warriors . Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the ancient Battle of the Hydaspes between the armies of Alexander and King Porus . A city called Bucephala was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander 's horse , Bucephalus . Other notable sites nearby include the 16th-century Rohtas Fort , the Tilla Jogian complex of ancient temples , and the 16th-century Grand Trunk Road which passes through the city . According to the 2017 census of Pakistan , the population of Jhelum was 174,149 . The name of the city is derived from the words Jal ( pure water ) and Ham ( snow ) , as the water that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas . There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city , including a tobacco factory , wood , marble , glass and flour mills ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Khanspur', 'summary': 'Khanaspur ( Urdu : خانسپور ) is one of the tourist mountain resort towns of the Galyat area of Hazara region of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Khanaspur is a settlement in the Ayubia area and is located in Abbottabad District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . It also has the Punjab University Hostel . It also had the Bhutto [ disambiguation needed ] House . During British rule it was occupied by a detachment of British infantry .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 Punjab Tianjin University of Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Engineering and Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 University of Agriculture , Faisalabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Agriculture,_Faisalabad', 'summary': 'The University of Agriculture ( UAF ) is a public research university in Faisalabad , Pakistan . It is ranked 4th in Pakistan and 1st in the field of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences by Higher Education Commission ( Pakistan ) ( HEC ) Ranking in 2019 . It was also ranked at No.127 in life Science and Agricultur Science ( Shanghai Ranking 2019 ) . The employability ranking by Pakistan made this institution highly reputable . The university came among top 5 institutions of Pakistan in research power . Muhammad Ashraf is serving as Vice Chancellor of the University .'}]}, {'value': 'Faisalabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faisalabad', 'summary': "Faisalabad ( Urdu : فیصل آباد ; English : /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/ ) , formerly known as Lyallpur , is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan , and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab . Historically one of the first planned cities within British India , it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis . Faisalabad was restructured into city district status ; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance ( LGO ) . The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 ( 2,261 sq mi ) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority ( FDA ) is 1,280 km2 ( 490 sq mi ) . :8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads , rails , and air transportation . It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan . Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent of Punjab 's GDP , and has an average annual GDP of $ 20.5 billion . Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark . :41 The surrounding countryside , irrigated by the lower Chenab River , produces cotton , wheat , sugarcane , maize , vegetables and fruits . The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards , engineering works , and mills that process sugar , flour , and oil seed . Faisalabad is a major producer of superphosphates , cotton and silk textiles , hosiery , dyes , industrial chemicals , beverages , clothing , pulp and paper , printing , agricultural equipment , and ghee ( clarified butter ) . The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and provincial government ."}]}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burewala , Toba Tek Singh , Depalpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burewala', 'summary': "Burewala ( Urdu : بُوریوالا ) , ( Punjabi : بُورے والا ) , is a city of Vehari District in Punjab , Pakistan . The city of Burewala is the headquarters of Burewala Tehsil , an administrative subdivision of the district . It is located at 30°10'0N 72°39'0E and has an altitude of 133 metres ( 439 feet ) . According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan , its population is 231,797 . As of 2017 , it is the 34th Biggest city of Pakistan by population . Postal code of Burewala is 61010 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh', 'summary': 'Toba Tek Singh ( Punjabi and Urdu : ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ ) is a city and Tehsil of Toba Tek Singh District in the Pakistani province of Punjab .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dipalpur', 'summary': 'Dipalpur ( Urdu : دِيپالپُور ) , also spelt Depalpur , is a city in Okara District of the Punjab that served as headquarters of Depalpur Tehsil . It is situated 25 kilometres from the district capital Okara on a bank of the Beas River in Bari Doab . The Tehsil is notable for being the site of several battles in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and is also associated with the history of the Bhatti Rajput and Jat clan . Punjabi is the most spoken language in the region . Kamyana , Begooka , Syed also named Bukhari [ disambiguation needed ] , Syed otherwise known as Gilani , [ Qazi ] , Sheikh , Khokhar , Wattoo , Bhatti , Pathan ( Khan ) , Johiya , Jat , Kharal , Arain are the main castes . Wattoo , Bhatti Rajput , Johiya , Kharal , Khokhar are native whereas rest are migrants and settled after partition of India .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 Namal Institute', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namal_Institute', 'summary': 'The Namal Institute is a private university in Rikhi , Mianwali District , Punjab , Pakistan . It was inaugurated by the former prime minister of Pakistan Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani on 27 April 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mianwali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mianwali', 'summary': 'Mianwali ( in Punjabi , Urdu : مِيانوالى ) is the capital city of Mianwali District , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Engineering and Technology', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10 Kinnaird College for Women University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kinnaird_College_for_Women_University', 'summary': "The Kinnaird College for Women ( KCW ) is a university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . It is a women 's liberal arts university . Kinnaird was established in 1913 by the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission . In 1919 , Presbyterian Mission Church and the Church Mission Society joined a consortium to fund and operate the college . It , in 1926 , moved to its current campus on the Jail Road , where it grew over the years and by 1939 the college had grown into a 20-acre ( 81,000 m2 ) campus ."}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11 University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Lahore', 'summary': 'The University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore ( UET Lahore ) is a public university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan specializing in science , technology , engineering and mathematics ( STEM ) subjects . It is the oldest and one of the most selective engineering institutions in Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1921', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faisalabad , Sheikhupura , Gujranwala , Narowal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faisalabad', 'summary': "Faisalabad ( Urdu : فیصل آباد ; English : /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/ ) , formerly known as Lyallpur , is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan , and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab . Historically one of the first planned cities within British India , it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis . Faisalabad was restructured into city district status ; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance ( LGO ) . The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 ( 2,261 sq mi ) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority ( FDA ) is 1,280 km2 ( 490 sq mi ) . :8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads , rails , and air transportation . It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan . Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent of Punjab 's GDP , and has an average annual GDP of $ 20.5 billion . Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark . :41 The surrounding countryside , irrigated by the lower Chenab River , produces cotton , wheat , sugarcane , maize , vegetables and fruits . The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards , engineering works , and mills that process sugar , flour , and oil seed . Faisalabad is a major producer of superphosphates , cotton and silk textiles , hosiery , dyes , industrial chemicals , beverages , clothing , pulp and paper , printing , agricultural equipment , and ghee ( clarified butter ) . The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and provincial government ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sheikhupura', 'summary': 'Shekhupura also known as Qila Sheikhupura ( Urdu : شیخُوپُورہ , Punjabi : شیخُوپُور ) is a city in the Pakistani province of Punjab . Founded by the Mughal Emperor Jehangir in 1607 , Sheikhupura is now the 16th largest city in Pakistan , and is the headquarters of Sheikhupura District . Sheikhupura is also the headquarters of Sheikhupura Division . The city is an industrial center , and satellite town , located about 38 km northwest of Lahore . According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan , its population is 473,129 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gujranwala', 'summary': "Gujranwala ( Punjabi , Urdu : گوجرانوالہ ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan , that is located north of the nearby provincial capital of Lahore . It is also known as City of Wrestlers and is quite famous for its food . The city is Pakistan 's 5th most-populous metropolitan area , as well as 5th most populous city proper . Founded in the 18th century , Gujranwala is a relatively modern town compared to the many nearby millennia-old cities of northern Punjab . The city served as the capital of the Sukerchakia Misl state between 1763 and 1799 , and is the birthplace of the founder of the Sikh Empire , Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Gujranwala is now Pakistan 's third largest industrial centre after Karachi and Faisalabad , and contributes 5% of Pakistan 's national GDP . The city is part of a network of large urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan 's mostly highly industrialized regions . Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujrat , Gujranwala forms part of the so-called Golden Triangle of industrial cities with export-oriented economies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Narowal', 'summary': 'Narowal ( Urdu : نارووال ) , is a city in the northeast of the Punjab province of Pakistan . According to an old legend Narowal was founded about 900 years ago . The city is the capital of Narowal District and become Narowal Tehsil in 1989 . According to the census of 2017 the City of Narowal has 103 067 inhabitants . Narowal is known for its University the campus of which was established in 2012 and for various famous politicians . The city is also known for its Faiz Ahmed Park named after the Urdu poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz who was born in the village Kala Qadir in Narowal District . A famous Sikh Temple , Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur can be visited in the East of Narowal .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 Lahore College for Women University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore_College_for_Women_University', 'summary': "The Lahore College for Women University ( LCWU ) ( Urdu : جامعہ خواتین کالج لاہور ) is a public university in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . It was established in May 1922 as a women 's college . One of the oldest female institutions of Pakistan , the university has 15,000 students and a teaching faculty of 450 . It admits students at the intermediate , bachelor 's , master 's and Ph.D. levels . Established as an intermediate residential college , it was in a building on Hall Road , Lahore , with a strength of 60 students ( 25 of whom were boarders ) and 13 staff members ."}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jhang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jhang', 'summary': "Jhang ( Punjabi and Urdu : جھنگ ) is the capital city of Jhang District , in the central portion of the province of Punjab , Pakistan . It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab river . According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan , it had a population of 414,131 . It is the 18th Largest city of Pakistan . It is known for the shrine of Sultan Bahoo and Heer and Ranjha 's Tomb ."}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 Government College University , Faisalabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Government_College_University,_Faisalabad', 'summary': 'The Government College University Faisalabad ( GCUF ) is a public university located in Faisalabad , Punjab , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Faisalabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faisalabad', 'summary': "Faisalabad ( Urdu : فیصل آباد ; English : /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/ ) , formerly known as Lyallpur , is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan , and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab . Historically one of the first planned cities within British India , it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis . Faisalabad was restructured into city district status ; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance ( LGO ) . The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 ( 2,261 sq mi ) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority ( FDA ) is 1,280 km2 ( 490 sq mi ) . :8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads , rails , and air transportation . It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan . Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent of Punjab 's GDP , and has an average annual GDP of $ 20.5 billion . Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark . :41 The surrounding countryside , irrigated by the lower Chenab River , produces cotton , wheat , sugarcane , maize , vegetables and fruits . The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards , engineering works , and mills that process sugar , flour , and oil seed . Faisalabad is a major producer of superphosphates , cotton and silk textiles , hosiery , dyes , industrial chemicals , beverages , clothing , pulp and paper , printing , agricultural equipment , and ghee ( clarified butter ) . The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and provincial government ."}]}, {'value': '1897', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Layyah , Sahiwal , Chiniot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Layyah', 'summary': 'Layyah ( Punjabi and Urdu ليّہ ) , previously spelled as Leiah , is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan . The city is headquarter of Layyah District and Layyah Tehsil .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sahiwal', 'summary': 'Sahiwal ( Punjabi and Urdu : ساہِيوال ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan . It is the administrative center of Sahiwal District , and Sahiwal Division . It is the 14th largest city in Punjab and the 21st largest city in Pakistan . Sahiwal is approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and lies between Lahore and Multan . A small village on the Karachi-Lahore railway line during 1865 was named Montgomery after Sir Robert Montgomery , then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab . Later , it was made the capital of the Montgomery District . Its name was reinstated as Sahiwal in 1966 . The city is in the densely populated region between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers . The principal crops are wheat , cotton , tobacco , legumes , potato and oil seeds . Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chiniot', 'summary': 'Chiniot ( Urdu , Punjabi : چنیوٹ ) is a city and the administrative headquarter of Chiniot District in the province of Punjab , Pakistan . On the bank of the river Chenab , it is known for its intricate wooden furniture , architecture , and mosques , and is home to the Omar Hayat Mahal .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 Fatima Jinnah Medical University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah_Medical_University', 'summary': 'Fatima Jinnah Medical University ( Urdu : جامعہ طبی فاطمہ جناح ) , previously known as Balak Ram Medical College , is a medical school located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . Fatima Jinnah Medical University with its associated teaching hospital Sir Ganga Ram Hospital , is a medical institution to teach and train female doctors and post-graduate students and provide medical and healthcare facilities to the citizens of the country , particularly in and around Lahore , and more particularly to the female population . It is now a tertiary healthcare unit . Sir Ganga Ram Hospital was established in 1921 in the walled city of Lahore by a philanthropist Sir Ganga Ram who also donated a piece of land . The hospital was shifted to its present location in 1943 to cope with the growing demand for medical and health care services . On June 30 , 2015 the Health Department of Pakistan changed the status of the Medical College to the Medical University and the current principal was made the Vice Chancellor of the University .'}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Medical', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 National Textile University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Textile_University', 'summary': 'The National Textile University ( NTU ) is a public university located in Faisalabad , Punjab , Pakistan . It is the premier institution of textile education in Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Faisalabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faisalabad', 'summary': "Faisalabad ( Urdu : فیصل آباد ; English : /fɑːɪsɑːlˌbɑːd/ ) , formerly known as Lyallpur , is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan , and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab . Historically one of the first planned cities within British India , it has long since developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis . Faisalabad was restructured into city district status ; a devolution promulgated by the 2001 local government ordinance ( LGO ) . The total area of Faisalabad District is 5,856 km2 ( 2,261 sq mi ) while the area controlled by the Faisalabad Development Authority ( FDA ) is 1,280 km2 ( 490 sq mi ) . :8 Faisalabad has grown to become a major industrial and distribution centre because of its central location in the region and connecting roads , rails , and air transportation . It has been referred to as the Manchester of Pakistan . Faisalabad contributes over 20 percent of Punjab 's GDP , and has an average annual GDP of $ 20.5 billion . Agriculture and industry remain its hallmark . :41 The surrounding countryside , irrigated by the lower Chenab River , produces cotton , wheat , sugarcane , maize , vegetables and fruits . The city is an industrial centre with major railway repair yards , engineering works , and mills that process sugar , flour , and oil seed . Faisalabad is a major producer of superphosphates , cotton and silk textiles , hosiery , dyes , industrial chemicals , beverages , clothing , pulp and paper , printing , agricultural equipment , and ghee ( clarified butter ) . The Faisalabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry monitors industrial activity in the city and reports their findings to the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry and provincial government ."}]}, {'value': '1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karachi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karachi', 'summary': "Karachi ( Urdu : کراچی ; Sindhi : ڪراچي ; ALA-LC : Karācī , IPA : [ kəˈraːtʃi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh . It is the most populous city in Pakistan , and fifth-most-populous city proper in the world . Ranked as a beta-global city , the city is Pakistan 's premier industrial and financial centre . It is the cultural , economic , philanthropic , educational , and political hub of the country , and Pakistan 's most cosmopolitan city . Situated on the Arabian Sea , Karachi serves as a transport hub , and is home to Pakistan 's two largest seaports , the Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim , as well as Pakistan 's busiest airport , Jinnah International Airport . Though the Karachi region has been inhabited for millennia , the city was founded as the fortified village of Kolachi in 1729 . The settlement drastically increased in importance with the arrival of British East India Company in the mid 19th century , who not only embarked on major works to transform the city into a major seaport , but also connected it with their extensive railway network . By the time of the Partition of British India , the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000 . Following the independence of Pakistan , the city 's population increased dramatically with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees from India . The city experienced rapid economic growth following independence , attracting migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia . Karachi is one of Pakistan 's most secular and socially liberal cities . It is also the most linguistically , ethnically , and religiously diverse city in Pakistan ."}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pir_Mehr_Ali_Shah_Arid_Agriculture_University', 'summary': 'Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi ( PMAS-Arid University ) is in Rawalpindi , Punjab , Pakistan . It is named after Pir Meher Ali Shah , a critic of Ahmadiyya movement . The university is ranked at No . 2 in Agriculture/Veterinary category as per the HEC and 7th overall in ranking of universities in Pakistan . Arid Agriculture University offers degree programmes leading to Bachelor , Master and Ph.D. in disciplines including Food Science & Technology , Computer Sciences , Management Sciences , Pure Sciences , Agriculture , Veterinary & Animal Sciences , Social Sciences and other Arts and Fine Arts programs .'}]}, {'value': 'Rawalpindi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rawalpindi', 'summary': "Rawalpindi ( /ˌrɑːwəlˈpɪndi/ or /rɔːlˈpɪndi/ ; Punjabi , Urdu : راولپِنڈى , Rāwalpiṇḍī ) , commonly known as Pindi ( Punjabi : پِنڈی ) , is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan . Rawalpindi is adjacent to Pakistan 's capital of Islamabad , and the two are jointly known as the twin cities on account of strong social and economic links between the cities . Rawalpindi is the fourth-largest city in Pakistan by population , while the larger Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country 's third-largest metropolitan area . Rawalpindi is located on the Pothohar Plateau , known for its ancient Buddhist heritage , especially in the neighbouring town of Taxila - a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The city was destroyed during the invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni before being taken over by Gakhars in 1493 . In 1765 , the ruling Gakhars were defeated as the city came under Sikh rule , and eventually became a major city within the Sikh Empire based in Lahore . The city was conquered by the British Raj in 1849 , and in 1851 became the largest garrison town for the British Indian Army . Following the partition of British India in 1947 , the city became home to the headquarters of Pakistan Army hence retaining its status as a major military city ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 Bahauddin Zakariya University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahauddin_Zakariya_University', 'summary': 'The university started functioning in 1975 in rented buildings with eight departments . Now the university has a large campus with sixty departments and several constituent colleges , such as University Gilani Law College and Multan College of Arts , and faculties including Veterinary , Agricultural Science and Technology ( FAST ) ( formerly University College of Agriculture or UCA ) , Engineering and Technology . The university also has residential facilities for students and staff . The Bahauddin Zakariya University is a general university , providing education in Arts and Science . Since agriculture is the mainstay of this region ( the place and its environs produce the countrys best silver crop ( cotton ) and fruit crops like mangoes , citrus , and dates ) , it was considered expedient to train manpower for solving agriculture problems . Accordingly , a College of Agriculture was established in 1989 . The College of Agriculture and its complement , an Engineering College , form an integral part of the University Plan . The College of Engineering & Technology was established in 1994 . Department of Commerce was started in November 1996 . BBA classes were started in the Department of Business Administration in October 1996 . Bachelor of Computer Science was introduced in the Department of Computer Science in November 1996 , though Masters in Computer Science ( MCS ) was already running since 1989 . B.Sc .'}]}, {'value': 'Multan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Multan', 'summary': "Multan ( مُلتان ; [ mʊltaːn ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Punjab , Pakistan . Located on the banks of the Chenab River , Multan is Pakistan 's 7th largest city , and is the major cultural and economic centre of southern Punjab . Multan 's history stretches deep into antiquity . The ancient city was site of the renowned Multan Sun Temple , and was besieged by Alexander the Great during the Mallian Campaign . Multan was one of the most important trading centres of medieval Islamic India , and attracted a multitude of Sufi mystics in the 11th and 12th centuries , earning the city the nickname City of Saints . The city , along with the nearby city of Uch , is renowned for its large number of Sufi shrines dating from that era ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Layyah , Vehari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Layyah', 'summary': 'Layyah ( Punjabi and Urdu ليّہ ) , previously spelled as Leiah , is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan . The city is headquarter of Layyah District and Layyah Tehsil .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vehari', 'summary': 'Vehari also spelled Vihari ( Urdu : وِہاڑی ) , is a city about 100 km ( 62 mi ) from the historical city of Multan and is the headquarters of Vehari District in the Punjab province of Pakistan . It is at the Multan Delhi Road constructed by Indian Muslim Emperor Sher Shah Suri . It is at an altitude of 135 m ( 443 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 Islamia University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Islamia_University', 'summary': 'The Islamia University of Bahawalpur ( IUB ) , colloquially known as Islamia University , is a public university located in Bahawalpur , Punjab , Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Bahawalpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahawalpur', 'summary': 'Bahawalpur ( بہاولپور ) , is a city located in the Punjab province of Pakistan . Bahawalpur is the 11th largest city in Pakistan with an estimated population of 798,509 . Founded in 1748 , Bahawalpur was the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur , ruled by the Abbasi family of Nawabs until 1955 . The Nawabs left a rich architectural legacy , and Bahawalpur is now known for its monuments dating from that period . The city also lies at the edge of the Cholistan Desert , and serves as the gateway to the nearby Lal Suhanra National Park .'}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bahawalnagar , Rahim Yar Khan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahawalnagar', 'summary': 'Bahawalnagar ( Punjabi , Urdu : بہاولنگر ) , is the capital city of Bahawalnagar District situated in the south east region in the Punjab province of Pakistan . The town of Bahawalnagar is the headquarter of the district and tehsil as well . Old name of Bahawalnagar was Rojanwali/Ubbha . It was named Bahawalnagar in 1904 after Bahawal Khan V , the ruler of the Bahawalpur state comprising the present districts of Bahawalpur , Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan . It is 192 miles south of Lahore and about 120 miles east of Bahwalpur . River Sutlej passes on the northern side at a distance of about 6 miles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rahim_Yar_Khan', 'summary': 'Rahim Yar Khan ( رحیم یار خان ) is a city in Punjab province of Pakistan . It is the 17th largest city of Pakistan . According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan , its population is 420,419 . It is the capital of Rahim Yar Khan District and of Rahim Yar Khan Tehsil . The administration of the city is subdivided into nine Union Councils . In 1881 , Nawab of Bahawalpur gave this city its current name by naming it after his first-born son and crown prince Rahim Yar Khan .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 University of Engineering and Technology , Taxila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Taxila', 'summary': "The University of Engineering and Technology , Taxila ( UET Taxila ) is a public university located in Taxila , Punjab , Pakistan . It was established in 1975 as a campus of the University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore and chartered as an independent university in 1993 . It offers bachelor 's , master 's and doctoral degrees in engineering and applied sciences ."}]}, {'value': 'Taxila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taxila', 'summary': 'Taxila ( from Pāli Brahmi : 𑀢𑀔𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸 , Takhkhasilā , Sanskrit : तक्षशिला , IAST : Takṣaśilā , Urdu : تکششیلا meaning City of Cut Stone or Takṣa Rock ) is an important archaeological site in Indian subcontinent located in the modern city with the same name in Punjab , Pakistan . It lies about 32 km ( 20 mi ) north-west of Islamabad and Rawalpindi , just off the famous Grand Trunk Road . Ancient Taxila was situated at the pivotal junction of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia . The origin of Taxila as a city goes back to c. 1000 BCE . Some ruins at Taxila date to the time of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BCE , followed successively by Mauryan Empire , Indo-Greek , Indo-Scythian , and Kushan Empire periods . Owing to its strategic location , Taxila has changed hands many times over the centuries , with many empires vying for its control . When the great ancient trade routes connecting these regions ceased to be important , the city sank into insignificance and was finally destroyed by the nomadic Hunas in the 5th century . The renowned archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham rediscovered the ruins of Taxila in the mid-19th century . In 1980 , Taxila was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In 2006 it was ranked as the top tourist destination in Pakistan by The Guardian newspaper . By some accounts , the University of Ancient Taxila was considered to be one of the earliest ( or the earliest ) universities in the world . Others do not consider it a university in the modern sense , in that the teachers living there may not have had official membership of particular colleges , and there did not seem to have existed purpose-built lecture halls and residential quarters in Taxila , in contrast to the later Nalanda university in eastern India .'}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chakwal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chakwal', 'summary': 'Chakwal ( Punjabi and Urdu : چکوال ) is the capital and main city of Chakwal District , Punjab , Pakistan . It is located 90 kilometres south-east of the federal capital , Islamabad and 270 kilometres from the provincial capital , Lahore .'}]}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 Lahore University of Management Sciences', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore_University_of_Management_Sciences', 'summary': 'Lahore University of Management Sciences ( LUMS ) لاہور یونیورسٹی آف مینجمنٹ سائنسز ) is a private , not-for-profit research university located in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . LUMS was founded in 1984 by Syed Babar Ali and patronage of the business-industrial community spearheaded by Syed Aarim . With advice from the Harvard Business School and a $ 10 million grant from USAID it established a graduate business school in 1986 . The university has since then expanded , launching a liberal arts undergraduate school in 1994 , an engineering school in 2008 , a law school in 2004 and an education school in 2017 . The university launched a National Outreach Programme ( NOP ) in 2001 to provide financial aid to students and in 2015 , in partnership with Afghan government , launched a scholarship programme for Afghan students to diversify its student body . As of 2017 , the university has a student body of approximately 4,000 graduate and undergraduate students , a faculty of 248 out of which nearly three quarters have doctoral degrees . Its campus , where more than half of its student population and faculty lives , spreads over 100 acres . Its business school is accredited by AACSB in Pakistan . It is also one of two business schools in Pakistan to be certified by the South Asian Quality Assurance System and is ranked as one of the top business schools in the country . The university is also a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities . LUMS is ranked as the top varsity in Pakistan in the QS University Rankings for the year 2016 , 111th in Asia and among the top 700 in the world . It is also ranked by QS as among the top 300 universities globally for business and among the top 400 universities globally in mathematics .'}]}, {'value': 'Lahore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahore', 'summary': "Lahore ( /ləˈhɔːr/ ; Punjabi : لہور ; Urdu : لاہور , pronounced [ lɑːˈɦɔːr ] ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab . It is the country 's second-most populous city after Karachi . Lahore is one of Pakistan 's wealthiest cities , with an estimated GDP of $ 58.14 billion ( PPP ) as of 2015 . Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region , and is one of Pakistan 's most socially liberal , progressive , and cosmopolitan cities . Lahore 's origins reach into antiquity . The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history , including the Hindu Shahis , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era . Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century , and served as its capital city for a number of years . The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739 , and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs . Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century , and regained much of its lost grandeur . Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire , and made capital of British Punjab . Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan 's independence ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Punjab', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_universities_in_Pakistan_3', 'intro': 'Higher education in Pakistan is the systematic process of students continuing their education beyond secondary school, learned societies and two-year colleges. The governance of higher education is maintained under the Higher Education Commission (Pakistan) (HEC) which oversees the financial funding, research outputs and teaching quality in the country. In Pakistan, the higher education system includes the public, private and military universities, all accredited by the HEC. Since independence, new universities have expanded throughout the country with support provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which had been an autonomous institution of recognizing universities until 2002 when it was preceded by the Higher Education Commission. Pakistan produces about 445,000 university graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates annually. Following public and private higher education institutions are active in the country:'}
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What church founded the liberal arts school established in 1864 ?
Presbyterian Church
fed87c31c77b8b4e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships', 'title': '1998 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Country', 'Team', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tegla Loroupe Joyce Chepchumba Leah Malot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tegla_Loroupe', 'summary': "Tegla Chepkite Loroupe ( born 9 May 1973 ) is a Kenyan long-distance track and road runner . She is also a global spokeswoman for peace , women 's rights and education . Loroupe holds the world records for 25 and 30 kilometres and previously held the world marathon record . She was the first African woman to hold the marathon World Record , which she held from 19 April 1998 until 30 September 2001 . She is the three-time World Half-Marathon champion . Loroupe was also the first woman from Africa to win the New York City Marathon , which she has won twice . She has won marathons in London , Rotterdam , Hong Kong , Berlin and Rome . In 2016 , she was the person organising the Refugee Team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joyce_Chepchumba', 'summary': 'Joyce Chepchumba ( born 6 November 1970 in Kericho ) is a long distance athlete from Kenya .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leah_Malot', 'summary': 'Leah Malot ( born July 6 , 1972 ) is a runner from Kenya . She is known for her long career . She started her international career by winning a gold medal at the 1987 All-Africa Games , aged only 15 . A decade later she was a constant competitor at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships . Malot competed at the 1987 World Championships , but did not qualify past the 10000 metres heats . At the 1999 World Championships she failed to finish the 10000 metres race . She won 5000 metres at the 2000 ISTAF meeting of IAAF Golden League meeting in Berlin timing 14 minutes , 39.83 seconds , a new African Record . The previous African record , 14:40.19 was set by Zahra Ouaziz of Morocco in 1998 , while the previous Kenyan record , 14:46.41 was held by Rose Cheruiyot since 1996 . However , Malot failed at the Kenyan trials for the 2000 Summer Olympics . Malot won 3000 metres at the 2002 IAAF Super Grand Prix event in Qatar . She won Kenyan trials for the 2003 World Championships , but eventually did not compete in Paris . The same year she won IAAF Grand Prix 5000 metres at the Osaka meeting She won the 1998 Dam tot Damloop race in the Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': '3:29:43', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Lidia Simon Cristina Pomacu Constantina Diţă-Tomescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lidia_Simon', 'summary': 'Lidia Slăvuțeanu-Șimon ( born 4 September 1973 ) is a Romanian long-distance runner . She competed in the Olympic marathon five times ( 1996-2012 ) , winning a silver medal at the 2000 Olympics . She is also a former marathon world champion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cristina_Pomacu', 'summary': "Cristina Pomacu ( born 15 September 1973 in Calafat , Dolj ) is a female long-distance runner from Romania who mainly competed in the marathon . She is a triple winner of the annual Belgrade Marathon ( 1994 , 2000 and 2001 ) , and twice won the silver medal at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships ( 1995 and 1997 ) . Pomacu competed in the women 's marathon at the 1994 European Athletics Championships ( taking 24th place ) and was chosen to represent Romania at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics ( although she failed to finish the race ) . She was ever present at the World Half Marathon Championships from 1995 to 2000 and frequently finished in the top ten , forming part of a strong Romanian women 's team ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Constantina_Diţă-Tomescu', 'summary': 'Constantina Diță ( formerly Constantina Diță-Tomescu born on January 23 , 1970 in Turburea , Gorj County ) , is a Romanian long-distance runner , who specializes mainly in the half marathon and marathon . She was the marathon gold medallist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , having previously won a bronze medal at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics . She also represented her country at the Olympics in 2000 and 2004 . She has a marathon best of 2:21:30 hours . She was the champion at the 2005 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships - the first Romanian to win that honour . She was the 2004 Chicago Marathon winner .'}]}, {'value': '3:32:19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Julia Vaquero María Luisa Lárraga Rocío Ríos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_Vaquero', 'summary': 'Julia Vaquero Sousa ( born 18 September 1970 in Chamonix , France ) is a retired Spanish athlete who competed in the long-distance events . She represented her country at the 1996 Summer Olympics , as well as four World Championships . Although born in France , at the age of two months she returned to her native A Guarda in Galicia . She is considered one of the best Galician athletes of all time .'}, {'url': '/wiki/María_Luisa_Lárraga', 'summary': 'María Luisa Larraga Cacho ( born December 10 , 1970 in Zaragoza ) is a Spanish runner who specializes in the 10,000 metres .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rocío_Ríos', 'summary': "María Rocío Ríos Pérez ( born March 13 , 1969 , León , Spain ) is a retired female long-distance runner from Spain , who represented her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the women 's marathon race , finishing in fifth place . A resident of Gijón , Ríos set her personal best ( 2:28:20 ) in the classic distance on October 15 , 1995 in San Sebastián . She is a four-time national champion in the 10,000 metres ( 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) , and a three-time national champion in the half marathon ( 1992 , 1994 , and 1995 ) ."}]}, {'value': '3:34:18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Alina Ivanova Svetlana Zakharova Firiya Sultanova-Zhdanova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alina_Ivanova', 'summary': "Alina Petrovna Ivanova ( Russian : Алина Петровна Иванова ; born March 16 , 1969 in Kildishevo , Yadrinsky District , Chuvash ASSR ) is a retired Russian race walker , best known for winning the gold medal in the women 's 10 km walk at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo , Japan . She represented the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain . She changed to the marathon run later in her career and was a two-time winner at both the Prague International Marathon and the Dublin Marathon ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Svetlana_Zakharova_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Svetlana Vladimirovna Zakharova ( Russian : Светлана Владимировна Захарова ) , ( born 15 September 1970 in Chuvashia ) is a Russian long-distance runner , who specializes in marathon races . She won several international marathons , such as : the Honolulu Marathon ( 1997 , 2002 and 2009 ) , the Chicago Marathon ( 2003 ) and the Boston Marathon ( 2003 ) . She participated twice in the Olympic Games . At the Olympic Games in 2004 at Athens she finished 9th in the marathon in 2:32:04 . At the Olympic Games in 2008 at Beijing she finished 22nd in the marathon in 2:32:16 . In the 1990s sometimes she raced under the name Svetlana Vasilyeva . Svetlana Zakharova has been married to her coach Nikolai Zacharov .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Firiya_Sultanova', 'summary': "Firaya Rifkatovna Sultanova-Zhdanova ( Russian : Фирая Рифкатовна Султанова-Жданова ; born April 29 , 1961 in Tyukovo , Tatarstan ) is a retired female long-distance runner from Russia . She set her personal best in the women 's marathon on June 21 , 2003 in Duluth , Minnesota , clocking 2:27:05 . Sultanova represented Russia at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia , where she failed to reach the final of the women 's 10,000 metres competition ."}]}, {'value': '3:34:37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Yukiko Okamoto Kazumi Matsuo Mayumi Ichikawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yukiko_Okamoto_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Yukiko Okamoto , also known as Sachiko Okamoto , ( Japanese : 岡本幸子 ; born 29 November 1974 ) is a retired Japanese runner who specialized in the half marathon and marathon . At the 1990 World Cross Country Championships she finished eighteenth in the junior race , and won a silver medal in the team competition . At the 1995 World Cross Country Championships she finished fifteenth in the senior race and ended fourth in the team competition . She also won a bronze medal at the 1996 World Road Relay Championships . She later finished ninth at the 1998 World Half Marathon Championships and eighth at the 2000 World Half Marathon Championships . These two championships ended with a fifth place and silver medal , respectively , in team competition . Okamoto became Japanese champion once , in the 10,000 metres in 2000 . Her personal best times were 15:27.77 minutes in the 5000 metres , achieved in June 1996 in Nishinomiya ; 32:06.42 minutes in the 10,000 metres , achieved in October 2000 in Sendai ; 1:09:12 hours in the half marathon , achieved in March 2000 in Yamaguchi ; and 2:26:21 hours in the marathon , achieved in March 2001 in Nagoya .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kazumi_Matsuo', 'summary': 'Kazumi Matsuo ( 松尾 和美 , Matsuo Kazumi , born April 16 , 1974 in Kobe ) is a female marathon runner from Japan , who won the Nagoya Marathon on March 11 , 2001 in a personal best time of 2:26:01 hours after having triumphed in the Berlin Marathon seven months earlier . She finished ninth at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mayumi_Ichikawa', 'summary': "Mayumi Ichikawa ( Japanese : 市河 麻由美 ; born May 3 , 1976 ) is a female long-distance runner from Japan . She set her personal best in the women 's marathon on March 11 , 2001 in Nagoya , clocking 2:27:22 ."}]}, {'value': '3:36:18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Maria Guida Lucilla Andreucci Franca Fiacconi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Guida', 'summary': 'Maria Guida ( born 23 January 1966 in Vico Equense ) is an Italian long-distance runner .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lucilla_Andreucci', 'summary': 'Lucilla Andreucci ( born December 19 , 1969 in Rome ) is a former female long-distance runner from Italy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Franca_Fiacconi', 'summary': 'Franca Fiacconi ( born 4 October 1965 in Rome ) is a marathon runner from Italy .'}]}, {'value': '3:36:42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Elana Meyer Nicole Whiteford Marietjie McDermott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elana_Meyer', 'summary': 'Elana Meyer , OIS , ( born 10 October 1966 ) is a South African long-distance runner who won the silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in the 10,000 metres event . Meyer set the 15 kilometres road running African record of 46:57 minutes in November 1991 in Cape Town . The record was equalled by Mestawet Tufa in 2008 . The record was beaten by Tirunesh Dibaba in 2009 , who posted a new world record of 46.28 minutes . Meyer also held the half marathon African record ( 1:06:44 hours ) , set in January 1999 in Tokyo . The record was broken by Mary Keitany of Kenya at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships by running the distance in 1:06:36 hours . She was the gold medallist at the 1994 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and set world records in that event in 1991 , 1997 , 1998 , and 1999 . She also had several good placings in top level marathon races .'}]}, {'value': '3:37:17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Rakiya Maraoui Zahia Dahmani Annick Clouvel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rakiya_Maraoui', 'summary': 'Rakiya Maraoui Quétier ( born 12 September 1967 ) is a Moroccan-born French former long-distance runner who competed mainly in the marathon and cross country running . She competed in the marathon at the World Athletics Championships in 1993 and 2003 , and represented France at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She was a three-time participant at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships ( 1986 , 2000 , 2001 ) and ran at the 1998 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships . She was the marathon gold medallist at the 1989 Jeux de la Francophonie . On the road running circuit , she was the winner of the 1990 Roma-Ostia Half Marathon and 2001 Corrida de Houilles Born in Bni Bataou near the city of Beni Mellal , she is the sister of Fatna Maraoui , who later competed for the Italy national athletics team . Rakiya distinguished herself at the 1999 European Cross Country Championships winning , under the team classification , the European title at Velenje Slovenia , alongside Fatima Yvelain and Fatima Hajjami . In 2001 , she won the team bronze medal at the 2000 IAAF World Cross Country Championships at Vilamoura Portugal , alongside Light-Fatima Yvelain , Yamna Oubouhou-Belkacem and Blandine Bitzner-Ducret . The following year , at the World Cross Country Championships at Ostend , she won another team bronze medal , alongside Oubouhou Yamna-Belkacem , Rodica Nagel and Zahia Dahmani . In 2003 , she finished third at the Paris Half Marathon , and fifth in the Paris Marathon and placed 21st at the marathon of the World Championships in Paris / Saint-Denis . In the marathon of the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004 , she did not finish . Nationally , she won the title of champion of France in the 10 000 m in 2000 , in Cross-country in 2000 and 2001 ( long race ) and in the marathon in 1999 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Zahia_Dahmani', 'summary': 'Zahia Dahmani ( born 2 June 1972 , in Roubaix ) is a former French athlete , who specialized in the long-distance running . Zahia won the French national title for the half marathon in 2001 , the 5000 metres in 1997 , the 10,000 metres in 1997 and 1999 , and 10K run in 1997 and 2000 . In 1996 , during the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Palma , Spain , she won the silver medal in the team event alongside her compatriots Christine Mallo and Muriel Linsolas . At the European Cross Country Championships , she received the team silver medal in 1999 and the bronze team medal in 1996 .'}]}, {'value': '3:38:13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Sylvia Renz Maren Östringer Birgit Jerschabek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birgit_Jerschabek', 'summary': 'Birgit Jerschabek-Keipke ( born 17 May 1969 ) is a retired ( East ) German long-distance runner . She was born in Ludwigslust . As a junior , she won the 10,000 metrees at the 1987 European Junior Championships [ citation needed ] and finished sixth at the 1988 World Junior Championships . She finished sixteenth in 10,000 metres at the 1990 European Championships 65th at the 1990 World Cross Country Championships , fifteenth in the 1992 Olympic marathon and eighth at the 1992 World Half Marathon Championships . She later competed in three consecutive World Championship marathons without finishing any of them : the 1993 , 1995 and 1997 World Championships . Also , she only managed a 48th place at the 1998 World Half Marathon Championships . In the East German championships she won bronze medals in 1987 , 1988 and 1989 ( 10,000 metres ) and silver medals in 1989 ( 3000 ) and 1990 ( 3000 , 10,000 and cross-country running ) . The winner in all events was Kathrin Ullrich . In 1990 she also won a bronze medal ( 1500 metres ) and a silver medal ( 3000 ) at the East German indoor championships . She represented the club SC Traktor Schwerin . She later became German half marathon champion in 1991 , 1993 and 1997 and marathon champion in 1997 . She represented LG Sieg and ABC Ludwigshafen during this part of her career .'}]}, {'value': '3:40:18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': 'Franziska Rochat Daria Nauer Ursula Jeitziner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daria_Nauer', 'summary': 'Daria Nauer ( born 21 May 1966 ) is a retired Swiss long-distance runner , who won a bronze medal in 10,000 metres at the 1994 European Championships in Helsinki in a Swiss record time of 31:35.96 minutes .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ursula_Jeitziner', 'summary': "Ursula Jeitziner ( born 14 March 1972 ) is a Swiss long-distance runner . She competed in the women 's 10,000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '3:40:52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Asha Gigi Leila Aman Elsabet Truneh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asha_Gigi', 'summary': 'Asha Gigi Roba ( born 15 October 1973 in Arsi ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises in the marathon . Her personal best of 2:26:05 hours was set in 2004 at the Paris Marathon , where she came second . She represented Ethiopia in the event at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the World Championships in Athletics ( 2003 and 2005 ) . She has won the Toronto Waterfront Marathon and the Florence Marathon . In her early career in the 1990s she won team medals with Ethiopia at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the World Road Relay Championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leila_Aman', 'summary': 'Leila Aman ( born 24 November 1977 in Arsi ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner , who specializes in the half marathon and cross-country running .'}]}, {'value': '3:41:02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': 'Albertina Dias Rosa Oliveira Fátima Cabral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albertina_Dias', 'summary': 'Maria Albertina da Costa Dias Pereira ( born 26 April 1965 in Miragaia ) is a former Portuguese long-distance runner . She competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for her native country , starting in 1988 . She was the first female Portuguese world champion in cross country running , having won the long race at the 1993 IAAF World Cross Country Championships .'}]}, {'value': '3:41:05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Jody Hawkins Shelly Steely Christine McNamara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shelly_Steely', 'summary': "Anne Rochelle Steely Ramirez ( born October 23 , 1962 ) , née Anne Rochelle Steely , is a former long-distance runner who competed internationally for the United States . She specialized in the 3,000 meters on the track and later competed in road running events . She made her international debut in cross country and helped the United States the women 's team title at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 1985 . Her focus changed to the 3,000 meters , a distance in which she was a two-time US champion ( outdoors in 1991 and indoors in 1992 ) . She reached the final of that event at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics and the 1992 Barcelona Olympics . Steely 's performances deteriorated and she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism . However , she made an athletic comeback in 1998 and she won two national road titles , as well as appearing at the Goodwill Games and IAAF World Half Marathon Championships that year . She made one more appearance at the World Half Marathon event in 2000 , but retired to focus on education studies ."}]}, {'value': '3:41:45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': 'Galina Karnatsevich/Baruk Yelena Mazovka Yelena Makolova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halina_Karnatsevich', 'summary': 'Halina Karnatsevich , née Baruk ( Belarusian : Галiна Карнацэвiч , born 2 November 1969 ) is a Belarusian long-distance runner . She finished twelfth in the marathon at the 2005 World Championships in a personal best time of 2:27:14 hours . In 2006 Karnatsevich was found guilty of stanozolol doping . The sample was delivered on 17 June 2006 in an in-competition test in Duluth , Minnesota , United States . She received an IAAF suspension from July 2006 to July 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yelena_Mazovka', 'summary': "Alena Mazouka ( Belarusian : Алена Мазоўка , also Russian : Елена Мазовка - Yelena Mazovka ; born June 30 , 1967 ) is a retired female long-distance runner from Belarus , who represented her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the women 's marathon race . There she finished in 24th place in the overall-rankings . Mazovka set her personal best ( 2:29:06 ) in the classic distance in 1997 ."}]}, {'value': '3:44:34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Liz Yelling/Talbot Debbie Percival Alison Wyeth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alison_Wyeth', 'summary': 'Alison Wyeth ( born 26 May 1964 ) is a female English former middle and long-distance runner .'}]}, {'value': '3:48:15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FR Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia', 'summary': "Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian : Србија и Црна Гора , romanized : Srbija i Crna Gora ; abbr . Serbian : СЦГ , romanized : SCG ) , also known from 2003 to 2006 as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian : Државна Заједница Србија и Црна Гора , romanized : Državna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora ) , and known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2003 , was a country in Southeast Europe , created from the two remaining federal republics of the Socialist Yugoslavia after its breakup in 1992 . The republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation in 1992 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( abbr . FR Yugoslavia or FRY ; Serbian : Савезна Република Југославија , romanized : Savezna Republika Jugoslavija ) [ a ] or Yugoslavia ( Serbian : Југославија , romanized : Jugoslavija ) for short . For the first several years of its existence , the state aspired to be recognized as the sole legal successor to Yugoslavia , but those claims were opposed by other former constituent republics . The United Nations also denied its request to take up Yugoslavia 's membership . Eventually , after the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession . It re-applied for UN membership on 27 October 2000 and was admitted on 1 November . The FRY was initially dominated by Slobodan Milošević as President of Serbia ( 1989-1997 ) and then President of Yugoslavia ( 1997-2000 ) . Milošević installed and forced the removal of several federal presidents ( such as Dobrica Ćosić ) and prime ministers ( such as Milan Panić ) . However , the Montenegrin government , initially enthusiastic supporters of Milošević , started gradually distancing themselves from his policies . That culminated in regime change in 1996 , when his former ally Milo Đukanović reversed his policies , became leader of Montenegro 's ruling party and subsequently dismissed former Montenegrin leader Momir Bulatović , who remained loyal to the Milošević government ."}]}, {'value': 'Olivera Jevtić Mirjana Glisovic Suzana Čirić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olivera_Jevtić', 'summary': 'Olivera Jevtić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Оливера Јевтић , born 24 July 1977 ) is a Serbian long-distance runner . She has represented her country five times at the Olympics in 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 and 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '3:49:04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Republic', 'summary': "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ."}]}, {'value': 'Alena Peterková Dita Hebelková Irena Šádková', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alena_Peterková', 'summary': "Alena Peterková ( born 13 November 1960 ) is a Czech long-distance runner . She competed in the women 's marathon at the 1992 Summer Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dita_Hebelková', 'summary': 'Dita Hebelková ( born 4 April 1976 ) is a former German mountain runner who won 1998 World Mountain Running Championships . She was born 1976 in the Czech city Jablonec nad Nisou .'}]}, {'value': '3:52:58', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zambia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zambia', 'summary': "Zambia ( /ˈzæmbiə/ ) , officially the Republic of Zambia , is a landlocked country in Southern-Central Africa ( although some sources consider it part of East Africa ) . Its neighbors are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique to the southeast , Zimbabwe and Botswana to the south , Namibia to the southwest , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , located in the south-central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country . Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples , the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century . Following European explorers in the eighteenth century , the British colonised the region into the British protectorates of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century . These were merged in 1911 to form Northern Rhodesia . For most of the colonial period , Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company . On 24 October 1964 , Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president . Kaunda 's socialist United National Independence Party ( UNIP ) maintained power from 1964 until 1991 . Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy , cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Rhodesia ( Zimbabwe ) , Angola , and Namibia . From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with the UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto One Zambia , One Nation ."}]}, {'value': 'Mable Chiwama Chanda Mwansa Jean Mpundu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4:01:43', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Team Results -- Women 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1998_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_3', 'intro': 'The 7th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on September 27, 1998, in the city of Uster, Switzerland. A total of 236 athletes, 139 men and 97 women, from 54 countries took part. Detailed reports on the event and an appraisal of the results was given. Complete results were published.'}
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What team did the team member from the country with 47 counties organize for the 2016 Summer Olympics ?
the Refugee Team
fed89ffb4aa9cb0a
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK_Liga', 'title': 'OK Liga', 'header': ['Team', 'Arena', 'City/Area'], 'data': [{'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona_Hoquei', 'summary': 'Futbol Club Barcelona Hoquei is a professional roller hockey team based in Barcelona , Spain . It is part of the FC Barcelona family and plays in the OK Liga . Due to the sponsoring the team is called FC Barcelona Lassa . It is the most successful roller hockey club in Spain and Europe with a record number of domestic , european and intercontinental titles .'}]}, {'value': 'Palau Blaugrana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palau_Blaugrana', 'summary': "Palau Blaugrana ( Catalan pronunciation : [ pəˈlaw ˌβlawˈɣɾanə ] , meaning in English Blue and deep red Palace ) is an arena in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain , belonging to FC Barcelona . The 7,585 seating capacity arena is home to the basketball , handball , roller hockey , and futsal divisions of FC Barcelona . Palau Blaugrana is located between Mini Estadi and the Camp Nou . There 's also an awards showcase and pro-shop inside ."}]}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona', 'summary': "Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre ."}]}, {'value': "Calafell Tot l'Any", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joan Ortoll', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calafell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calafell', 'summary': 'Calafell ( Catalan pronunciation : [ kələˈfeʎ ] ) is a village in the province of Tarragona and autonomous community of Catalonia , Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Caldes Recam Làser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CH_Caldes', 'summary': 'Club Hoquei Caldes , also known as Recam Làser Caldes for sponsorship reasons , is a Spanish sports club based in Caldes de Montbui , in the autonomous community of Catalonia . Founded in 1961 , the club currently plays in the OK Liga .'}]}, {'value': 'Torre Roja', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caldes de Montbui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caldes_de_Montbui', 'summary': 'Caldes de Montbui ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈkaldəz ðə mumˈbuj ] ) is a town and municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Oriental in Catalonia , Spain . It is situated in the upper valley of the Caldes river , and the highest point of the municipality is the peak of el Farell at 816 m. It lies about 30 km from Barcelona and it part of its metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': 'Corredor Mató Palafrugell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pavelló Municipal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palafrugell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palafrugell', 'summary': "Palafrugell ( Catalan pronunciation : [ pələfɾuˈʒeʎ ] ) is a municipality in the Mediterranean Costa Brava , located near Palamós in the comarca of Baix Empordà , in the province of Girona , Catalonia , Spain . With 22,365 inhabitants it is the largest city of its comarca . Several coastal and interior towns ( Llafranc , Calella de Palafrugell , Tamariu and Llofriu ) belong to this city . The area 's summer climate and beaches have been exploited for tourism . In additional to international tourism , Palafrugell serves as a summer holiday town for residents of cities such as Barcelona and Girona . This medieval town was once fortified but is no longer . Many narrow streets emanate from Plaça Nova -a large square with bars , restaurants and boutiques . The local government ( Ajuntament ) sponsors activities such as concerts and dances including the traditional Sardana . St. Martí 's church was built in the late 11th century and is close to Plaça Nova . There is a new bus station belonging to Grup SARBUS whose local division is known as Sarfa . The station has a regular bus service , servicing the Costa Brava region ( including Llafranc , Calella de Palafrugell , and Tamariu ) as well as Barcelona . Palafrugell was reputed for its cork manufacturing in the 18th and 19th centuries ."}]}, {'value': 'Deportivo Liceo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HC_Liceo', 'summary': 'Hockey Club Liceo ( also known as Deportivo Liceo by sponsorship reasons ) is a Spanish rink hockey club based in A Coruña , city in the autonomous community of Galicia . Founded in 1972 , Liceo is the only team from outside Catalonia to have won the Spanish league .'}]}, {'value': 'Riazor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pazo_dos_Deportes_de_Riazor', 'summary': "Pazo dos Deportes de Riazor is a multi-purpose sports arena in A Coruña , Galicia , Spain . Located at Riazor 's sports complex , the venue has 4,425 seats and a maximum capacity of 5,000 people . The arena is owned by the A Coruña City Hall and faces Estadio Riazor ."}]}, {'value': 'A Coruña', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Coruña', 'summary': 'A Coruña ( Galician : [ ɐ koˈɾuɲɐ ] ; [ a ] historical English : Corunna ) is a city and municipality of Galicia , Spain . It is the most populated city and the second most populated municipality in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country . The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name , having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries , and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982 , before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela . A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro , a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean . It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia , and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coruña .'}]}, {'value': 'Garatge Plana Girona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girona_CH', 'summary': 'Girona Club de Hoquei is a Spanish roller hockey club from Girona , Catalonia that was established in 1940 .'}]}, {'value': 'Palau II', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Girona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girona', 'summary': 'Girona ( /dʒɪˈroʊnə/ , Catalan : [ ʒiˈɾonə ] , Spanish : Gerona [ xeˈɾona ] ) is a city in Catalonia , Spain , at the confluence of the rivers Ter , Onyar , Galligants , and Güell and has an official population of 101,852 in 2019 . It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Gironès . It is located 99 km ( 62 mi ) northeast of Barcelona . Girona is a major Catalan city .'}]}, {'value': 'Igualada Rigat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Igualada_HC', 'summary': 'Igualada Hoquei Club is a Catalan roller hockey club based in Igualada , Catalonia , Spain . The Pavelló Poliesportiu Les Comes , with a capacity of 3,000 seats , currently serves as its pavilion .'}]}, {'value': 'Les Comes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Igualada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Igualada', 'summary': 'Igualada ( Catalan pronunciation : [ iɣwəˈlaðə ] ) is a municipality in the province of Barcelona in Catalonia , Spain . It is located on the left bank of the Anoia River and at the western end of the Igualada-Martorell-Barcelona railway . Igualada is the capital and central market of the Anoia comarca , a rich agricultural and wine-producing district . The population , as of 2009 [ update ] , is 38,918 . The city consists of an old town , founded in the 11th century , with narrow and irregular streets , including the remains of a fortress and ramparts , plus a new surrounding town with regular and spacious streets and many fine houses . The city is 65 kilometres ( 40 miles ) west of Barcelona and 20 kilometres ( 12 miles ) west of the famous mountain and monastery of Montserrat . Igualada hosts the European Balloon Festival , the largest hot air balloon festival in Spain and one of the largest in Europe . It has taken place every year , since 1997 , at the beginning of July . The city also hosts the Aerosport airshow , which takes place every year in April or May .'}]}, {'value': 'Lleida Llista Blava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CE_Lleida_Llista_Blava', 'summary': 'Club Esportiu Lleida Llista Blava , also known as ICG Software Lleida for sponsorship reasons , is a Spanish rink hockey club based in Lleida , in the autonomous community of Catalonia . Founded in 1951 , the club currently plays in the OK Liga , holding its home games at the Pavelló Onze de Setembre , with capacity of 2,000 seats .'}]}, {'value': 'Onze de Setembre', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lleida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lleida', 'summary': "Lleida ( US : /ˈljɛðə , ˈjeɪðɑː/ LYEDH-ə , YAY-dhah , Catalan : [ ˈʎɛjðə ] ; Spanish : Lérida [ ˈleɾiða ] ) [ a ] is a city in the west of Catalonia , Spain . It is the capital city of the province of Lleida . Geographically , it is located in the Catalan Central Depression . It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca , as well as the largest city in the province . It had 137,387 inhabitants as of 2010 [ update ] , including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs . Lleida is one of the oldest towns in Catalonia , with recorded settlements dating back to the Bronze Age period . Until the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula , the area served as a settlement for an Iberian people , the Ilergetes . The town became a municipality , named Ilerda , under the reign of Augustus . It was reconquered in 1149 , after being ruled by the Moors for many centuries , who had conquered the town in the 8th century . In 1297 , the University of Lleida was founded , becoming the third oldest in the whole of Spain . During the following centuries , the town was damaged by several wars such as the Reapers ' War in the 17th century and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century . Since then , the city has been in a constant urban , commercial and demographic growth ."}]}, {'value': 'Lloret Vila Esportiva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pavelló Municipal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lloret de Mar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lloret_de_Mar', 'summary': 'Lloret de Mar ( Catalan : [ ʎuˈɾɛd də ˈmaɾ ] , locally [ ʎoˈɾəd də ˈma ] ; Spanish : [ ʎoˈɾe ( ð ) ðe ˈmaɾ ] ) is a Mediterranean coastal town in Catalonia , Spain . It is 40 kilometres ( 25 miles ) south of Girona and 75 kilometres ( 47 miles ) northeast of Barcelona . With a population of 39,364 in 2009 , it is the second largest town in the Selva comarca of Catalonia . Lloret de Mar attracts summer visitors on package tours . Its main beach ( length : 1,630 m ; width : 45 m ; small , gravel-like stones ) is one of the most popular Costa Brava beaches , [ citation needed ] and is consistently awarded the Blue Flag for cleanliness .'}]}, {'value': 'Noia Freixenet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CE_Noia', 'summary': "Club Esportiu Noia , also known as CE Noia Freixenet for sponsorship reasons , is a professional roller hockey team based in Sant Sadurní d'Anoia , Catalonia . Nowadays plays in the OK Liga , the most important division in Spain ."}]}, {'value': 'Pavelló Olímpic', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sant Sadurní d'Anoia", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sant_Sadurní_d'Anoia", 'summary': "Sant Sadurní d'Anoia is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Penedès in Catalonia , Spain ; and the centre of production of a sparkling wine known as cava . It is situated in the north-east of the Penedès Depression at the confluence of the Avernó river and the Anoia river . It is made accessible by the A-7 autopista and the RENFE railway line ( R4 ) that connect Barcelona with Manresa and El Vendrell . The noucentista buildings of the Codorníu cava house on the edge of the town were designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch ."}]}, {'value': 'Reus Deportiu Miró', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reus_Deportiu', 'summary': 'Reus Deportiu is a Catalan sports club best known for its professional roller hockey team based in Reus , Catalonia , Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Pavelló del Reus Deportiu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reus', 'summary': 'Reus ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈrɛws ] ) is the capital of Baix Camp , in the province of Tarragona , in Catalonia , Spain . The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits , and gained continental importance at the time of the Phylloxera plague . Nowadays it is known for its commercial activity , for being a centre for rock-climbing and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí .'}]}, {'value': 'Stern Motor Voltregà', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CP_Voltregà', 'summary': 'Club Patí Voltregà is a Catalan rink hockey club from Sant Hipòlit de Voltregà , Osona established in 1955 , currently competing in the OK Liga and the OK Liga Femenina .'}]}, {'value': 'Victorià Oliveras de la Riva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sant Hipòlit de Voltregà', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sant_Hipòlit_de_Voltregà', 'summary': 'Sant Hipòlit de Voltregà is a municipality in the comarca of Osona in Catalonia , Spain . It is surrounded by the municipality Les Masies de Voltregà .'}]}, {'value': 'Taradell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Pujoló', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taradell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taradell', 'summary': 'Taradell is a municipality in the Osona ( comarca ) of the Province of Barcelona .'}]}, {'value': 'Vic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CP_Vic', 'summary': 'Club Patí Vic is a Spanish rink hockey club based in Vic , in the autonomous community of Catalonia . Founded in 1951 , the club currently plays in the OK Liga , holding its home games at the Pavelló del Club Patí Vic , with capacity of 3,500 seats .'}]}, {'value': 'Pavelló Olímpic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vic', 'summary': "Vic ( Catalan pronunciation : [ bik ] ) is the capital of the comarca of Osona , in the province of Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Vic 's location is 69 km ( 43 mi ) from Barcelona and 60 km ( 37 mi ) from Girona ."}]}], 'section_title': '2019–20 teams', 'section_text': 'Liceo Non-Catalan teams 2019–20 teams BarcelonaVicReusNoiaIgualadaPalafrugellVoltregàLleidaLloretCaldesGironaCalafellTaradell Catalan teams in OK Liga 2019–20 season', 'uid': 'OK_Liga_0', 'intro': 'The OK Liga is the Spanish rink hockey league.'}
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What is the arena for the most successful roller hockey club in Spain and Europe ?
Palau Blaugrana
fed910a887234346
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_St._John_the_Baptist_Parish,_Louisiana', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bacas House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 17 , 1990 ( # 90000786 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana Highway 18 east of Evergreen Plantation 30°01′25″N 90°37′37″W / 30.023611°N 90.626944°W / 30.023611 ; -90.626944 ( Bacas House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Edgard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgard,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Edgard is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in , and the parish seat of , St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Edgard is part of the German Coast of Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayou Jasmine Archeological Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 12 , 1976 ( # 76002149 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LaPlace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LaPlace,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'LaPlace ( /ləˈplɑːs/ lə-PLAHSS ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , situated along the east bank of the Mississippi River , in the New Orleans metropolitan area . The population was 32,134 at the 2010 census . LaPlace is the southern terminus of Interstate 55 , where it joins with Interstate 10 , and of US 51 , where it terminates at the junction with US 61 . LaPlace is located 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of New Orleans .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E.J . Caire & Co. Store', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E.J._Caire_&_Co._Store', 'summary': "The E.J . Caire & Co. Store , at 2403-2407 Louisiana Highway 18 in Edgard , in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , was built in 1855 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001 . The store was begun by Jean Baptiste Caire ( 1823-1879 ) and was operated for years by the late Etienne J. Caire , who died in 1955 ; it closed in the middle 1970s . The listing includes two store buildings located on the west bank of the Mississippi River . The buildings overlook River Road and the levee at Caire 's Landing , in the village of Edgard . The older is a two-story Greek Revival-style masonry building which was built around 1855 and was moved in 1881 . The newer is a one-story frame building built in 1897 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 29 , 2001 ( # 01001268 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2403-2407 Louisiana Highway 18 30°02′45″N 90°33′36″W / 30.045833°N 90.56°W / 30.045833 ; -90.56 ( E.J . Caire & Co. Store )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Edgard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgard,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Edgard is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in , and the parish seat of , St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Edgard is part of the German Coast of Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dugas House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 31 , 1989 ( # 89001211 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana Highway 18 30°02′10″N 90°36′09″W / 30.036111°N 90.6025°W / 30.036111 ; -90.6025 ( Dugas House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Edgard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgard,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Edgard is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in , and the parish seat of , St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Edgard is part of the German Coast of Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emilie Plantation House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emilie_Plantation_House', 'summary': "The Emilie Plantation is a Southern plantation with a historic house located in Garyville , Louisiana , USA . It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 13 , 1989 . Emilie was constructed in 1882 by Adelard Millet for Leonce Chauff . It was named for Leonce 's younger sister . The home was purchased in 1997 by the Baloney family , whose ancestors once worked as slaves on the plantation"}]}, {'value': 'January 13 , 1989 ( # 88003135 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana Highway 44 30°02′45″N 90°36′34″W / 30.045833°N 90.609444°W / 30.045833 ; -90.609444 ( Emilie Plantation House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_44', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 44 ( LA 44 ) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Ascension , St. James , and St. John the Baptist Parishes . It runs from west to east , parallel to the east bank of the Mississippi River , from Prairieville to LaPlace . It spans a total of 50.1 miles ( 80.6 km ) . Throughout its run , LA 44 is known as North/South Burnside Avenue , River Road , West/East Jefferson Highway , West 5th Street , and Main Street .'}]}, {'value': 'Garyville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garyville,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Garyville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,775 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Garyville has the distinction of being the location of the most recently built oil refinery in the United States ; it was established in 1976 by Marathon Petroleum Company .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evergreen Plantation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evergreen_Plantation_(Wallace,_Louisiana)', 'summary': "Evergreen Plantation is a plantation located on the west side of the Mississippi River in St. John the Baptist Parish , near Wallace , Louisiana , and along Louisiana Highway 18 . The main house was constructed mostly in 1790 , and renovated to its current Greek Revival style in 1832 . The plantation 's historical commodity crop was sugarcane , cultivated by enslaved African Americans until emancipation . The plantation operated until about 1930 , when the Depression resulted in the owners abandoning the house . The plantation continued to produce sugar cane under the direction of the bank that owned it , and it is still a working sugar cane plantation today . The house was extensively restored during the 1940s , with 300,000 bricks from the demolished Uncle Sam Plantation used in the restoration ."}]}, {'value': 'September 25 , 1991 ( # 91001386 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana Highway 18 southeast of Fiftymile Pt . 30°01′06″N 90°38′50″W / 30.018333°N 90.647222°W / 30.018333 ; -90.647222 ( Evergreen Plantation )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Wallace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wallace,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Wallace is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 570 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . The rural community is on the west bank of the Mississippi River and easily accessible to Interstate 10 via the Gramercy Bridge . It is the site of Evergreen Plantation , designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992 . Evergreen is unusual for having 22 surviving slave quarters buildings . It is one of the most complete plantations in the South . Because of its significance , it was selected as one of the sites on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail . The Whitney Plantation is also located here . Also a designated site on the state heritage trail , this historic complex opened to the public in 2014 . It is the first plantation museum in the country dedicated to the slave experience . The museum includes a plantation main house , and relocated church and outbuildings .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garyville Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 20 , 1990 ( # 89001711 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roughly bounded by Main , Bluebird , West , Azalea , Cypress , St. Francis , and N. Railroad Sts . 30°03′24″N 90°37′09″W / 30.056667°N 90.619167°W / 30.056667 ; -90.619167 ( Garyville Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garyville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garyville,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Garyville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,775 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Garyville has the distinction of being the location of the most recently built oil refinery in the United States ; it was established in 1976 by Marathon Petroleum Company .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Godchaux-Reserve Plantation House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 21 , 1994 ( # 93001548 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1628 Louisiana Highway 44 30°03′19″N 90°33′50″W / 30.055278°N 90.563889°W / 30.055278 ; -90.563889 ( Godchaux-Reserve Plantation House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_44', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 44 ( LA 44 ) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Ascension , St. James , and St. John the Baptist Parishes . It runs from west to east , parallel to the east bank of the Mississippi River , from Prairieville to LaPlace . It spans a total of 50.1 miles ( 80.6 km ) . Throughout its run , LA 44 is known as North/South Burnside Avenue , River Road , West/East Jefferson Highway , West 5th Street , and Main Street .'}]}, {'value': 'Reserve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reserve,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Reserve is an unincorporated community in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , on the east bank of the Mississippi River . The population was 9,111 at the 2000 census . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau has defined Reserve as a census-designated place ( CDP ) . The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graugnard House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 28 , 1994 ( # 94001249 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2292 Louisiana Highway 44 30°03′18″N 90°35′21″W / 30.055°N 90.589167°W / 30.055 ; -90.589167 ( Graugnard House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_44', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 44 ( LA 44 ) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Ascension , St. James , and St. John the Baptist Parishes . It runs from west to east , parallel to the east bank of the Mississippi River , from Prairieville to LaPlace . It spans a total of 50.1 miles ( 80.6 km ) . Throughout its run , LA 44 is known as North/South Burnside Avenue , River Road , West/East Jefferson Highway , West 5th Street , and Main Street .'}]}, {'value': 'Reserve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reserve,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Reserve is an unincorporated community in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , on the east bank of the Mississippi River . The population was 9,111 at the 2000 census . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau has defined Reserve as a census-designated place ( CDP ) . The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haydel-Jones House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 3 , 2010 ( # 10000886 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2245 Louisiana Highway 18 ( River Rd . ) 30°02′46″N 90°34′02″W / 30.046111°N 90.567222°W / 30.046111 ; -90.567222 ( Haydel-Jones House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Edgard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgard,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Edgard is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in , and the parish seat of , St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Edgard is part of the German Coast of Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hope Plantation House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 11 , 2005 ( # 04001470 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '109 S. Church St. 30°02′25″N 90°37′03″W / 30.040278°N 90.6175°W / 30.040278 ; -90.6175 ( Hope Plantation House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garyville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garyville,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Garyville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,775 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Garyville has the distinction of being the location of the most recently built oil refinery in the United States ; it was established in 1976 by Marathon Petroleum Company .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montegut Plantation House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 21 , 1988 ( # 87002505 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '402 E. 5th St. 30°03′31″N 90°28′51″W / 30.058611°N 90.480833°W / 30.058611 ; -90.480833 ( Montegut Plantation House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LaPlace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LaPlace,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'LaPlace ( /ləˈplɑːs/ lə-PLAHSS ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , situated along the east bank of the Mississippi River , in the New Orleans metropolitan area . The population was 32,134 at the 2010 census . LaPlace is the southern terminus of Interstate 55 , where it joins with Interstate 10 , and of US 51 , where it terminates at the junction with US 61 . LaPlace is located 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of New Orleans .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Our Lady of Grace Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Grace_Church_(Reserve,_Louisiana)', 'summary': 'Our Lady of Grace Church is a historic church near the junction of Airline Highway and 3rd Street in Reserve , Louisiana . It was built in 1937 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 . It was deemed significant in the areas of religion , social history and ethnic heritage because it represents an important historical phenomenon in the history of the Catholic Church in southern Louisiana - the formation of separate churches for African-American parishioners .'}]}, {'value': 'November 15 , 2005 ( # 05001277 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Near the junction of Airline Highway and 3rd St. 30°04′23″N 90°33′23″W / 30.073056°N 90.556389°W / 30.073056 ; -90.556389 ( Our Lady of Grace Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reserve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reserve,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Reserve is an unincorporated community in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , on the east bank of the Mississippi River . The population was 9,111 at the 2000 census . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau has defined Reserve as a census-designated place ( CDP ) . The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Francisco Plantation House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_Plantation_House', 'summary': 'San Francisco Plantation House is a historic plantation house at 2646 Louisiana Highway 44 in Garyville , St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana . Built in 1849-50 , it is one of the most architecturally distinctive plantation houses in the American South . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 . It is now a museum and event facility .'}]}, {'value': 'May 30 , 1974 ( # 74002186 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 miles west of Reserve on Louisiana Highway 44 30°02′57″N 90°36′20″W / 30.049167°N 90.605556°W / 30.049167 ; -90.605556 ( San Francisco Plantation House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_44', 'summary': 'Louisiana Highway 44 ( LA 44 ) is a state highway in Louisiana that serves Ascension , St. James , and St. John the Baptist Parishes . It runs from west to east , parallel to the east bank of the Mississippi River , from Prairieville to LaPlace . It spans a total of 50.1 miles ( 80.6 km ) . Throughout its run , LA 44 is known as North/South Burnside Avenue , River Road , West/East Jefferson Highway , West 5th Street , and Main Street .'}]}, {'value': 'Reserve', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reserve,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Reserve is an unincorporated community in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , on the east bank of the Mississippi River . The population was 9,111 at the 2000 census . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau has defined Reserve as a census-designated place ( CDP ) . The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sorapuru House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 20 , 1999 ( # 99001014 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '971 Louisiana Highway 18 30°02′47″N 90°29′53″W / 30.046389°N 90.498056°W / 30.046389 ; -90.498056 ( Sorapuru House )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Edgard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgard,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Edgard is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in , and the parish seat of , St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . Edgard is part of the German Coast of Louisiana .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whitney Plantation Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whitney_Plantation_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Whitney Plantation Historic District is a museum devoted to slavery in the Southern United States . The district , including the main house and outbuildings , is preserved near Wallace , in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , on the River Road along the Mississippi River . The plantation was started in 1752 by German immigrants Ambroise Haydel and his wife , and their descendants owned it until 1867 . The museum , comprising main portions of the 2,000-acre plantation property , opened its doors to the public for the first time in December 2014 . It was founded by John Cummings , a trial attorney from New Orleans who has spent more than $ 8 million of his own fortune on this long-term project , and worked on it for nearly 15 years . The director of research is Ibrahima Seck , a Senegalese scholar who has done much work on the history of slavery . The grounds contain imaginative exhibits and original art commissioned by Cummings , such as life-size sculptures of children . The sculptures are representative of people born into slavery before the Civil War , many of whom were interviewed as adults for the Federal Writers Project during the Great Depression . These oral histories of hundreds of the last survivors of slavery were collected and published by the federal government , to preserve their stories . The transcripts and some audio recordings are held by the Library of Congress . The French Creole raised-style main house , built in 1803 , is the most important architectural example in the state . In addition , the plantation has numerous extant outbuildings or dependencies : a pigeonnier , a plantation store , the only surviving French Creole barn in Louisiana , and slave quarters ( these were moved from another plantation but are typical of the quarters originally on Whitney ) .'}]}, {'value': 'November 24 , 1992 ( # 92001566 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana Highway 18 east of Wallace 30°02′21″N 90°39′02″W / 30.039167°N 90.650556°W / 30.039167 ; -90.650556 ( Whitney Plantation Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_18', 'summary': "Louisiana Highway 18 ( LA 18 ) is a state highway that serves Ascension , St. James , St. John the Baptist , St. Charles , and Jefferson Parishes . Called the Great River Road , it runs from west to east , parallel to the west bank of the Mississippi River , running from Donaldsonville to Gretna . It spans a total of 79.7 miles ( 128.3 km ) . In the more rural parts of LA 18 's span , it is commonly referred to as River Road , but it becomes 4th Street once it enters Westwego ."}]}, {'value': 'Wallace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wallace,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Wallace is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States . The population was 570 at the 2000 census . It is part of the New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area . The rural community is on the west bank of the Mississippi River and easily accessible to Interstate 10 via the Gramercy Bridge . It is the site of Evergreen Plantation , designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992 . Evergreen is unusual for having 22 surviving slave quarters buildings . It is one of the most complete plantations in the South . Because of its significance , it was selected as one of the sites on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail . The Whitney Plantation is also located here . Also a designated site on the state heritage trail , this historic complex opened to the public in 2014 . It is the first plantation museum in the country dedicated to the slave experience . The museum includes a plantation main house , and relocated church and outbuildings .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Woodland Plantation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 4 , 2017 ( # 100001712 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1128 Louisiana Highway 628 30°03′41″N 90°28′56″W / 30.061519°N 90.482124°W / 30.061519 ; -90.482124 ( Woodland Plantation )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_628', 'summary': 'The following is a list of state highways in the U.S. state of Louisiana designated in the 600-649 range .'}]}, {'value': 'LaPlace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LaPlace,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'LaPlace ( /ləˈplɑːs/ lə-PLAHSS ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in St. John the Baptist Parish , Louisiana , United States , situated along the east bank of the Mississippi River , in the New Orleans metropolitan area . The population was 32,134 at the 2010 census . LaPlace is the southern terminus of Interstate 55 , where it joins with Interstate 10 , and of US 51 , where it terminates at the junction with US 61 . LaPlace is located 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of New Orleans .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_St._John_the_Baptist_Parish,_Louisiana_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 17 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the parish, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.'}
null
null
Who purchased this house in 1997 located in the CDP established in 1976 ?
the Baloney family
fed9520bff8c5cc1
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Canada', 'title': 'List of oldest buildings in Canada', 'header': ['Building', 'Built', 'City'], 'data': [{'value': 'Maison Puiseaux', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1637', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Maison de madame de La Peltrie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1644', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Basilique-cathédrale de Notre-Dame-de-Québec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basilique-cathédrale_de_Notre-Dame-de-Québec', 'summary': "The Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec ( Our Lady of Quebec City ) , located at 16 , rue de Buade , Quebec City , Quebec , is the primatial church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec . It is the oldest church in Canada and was the first church in Canada to be elevated to the rank of minor basilica , by Pope Pius IX in 1874 . Four governors of New France and the bishops of Quebec are buried in the crypt , including François de Laval , Quebec 's first bishop . The church is a National Historic Site of Canada , and located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic District of Old Québec ."}]}, {'value': '1743', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Maison Delisle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1648', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deschambault-Grondines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deschambault-Grondines', 'summary': 'Deschambault-Grondines is a municipality of about 2100 inhabitants in the Canadian province of Quebec , located in Portneuf Regional County Municipality . The municipality was incorporated in 2002 by the merger of the formerly independent villages of Deschambault and Grondines . The name Grondines was named by Samuel de Champlain himself . Grondines is from the French verb gronder , meaning to rumble or roar . In 1674 , The Grondines windmill was built and is the oldest windmill in Québec . The windmill was first a flour mill , and then a lighthouse . In 1842 the church Saint-Charles-Borromée was built in Grondines . In 2006 the local Fromagerie des Grondines was built , it is an organic cheese farm open to the public . Some of the famous people who lived here include filmmaker Denys Arcand , who was born in Deschambault .'}]}, {'value': 'Maison du Duc-de-Kent', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1648', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City,_Quebec', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': '7363 avenue Royale', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1668', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Château-Richer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manoir Boucher de Niverville', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1668', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trois-Rivières', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trois-Rivières', 'summary': "Trois-Rivières ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ tʁwɑ ʁivjɛʁ ] , locally [ tʁwɔ ʁivjaɛ̯ʁ ] ( listen ) ; Three Rivers ) is a city in the Mauricie administrative region of Quebec , Canada , at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence rivers , on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River across from the city of Bécancour . It is part of the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor and is approximately halfway between Montreal and Quebec City . Trois-Rivières is the economic and cultural hub of the Mauricie region . The settlement was founded by French colonists on July 4 , 1634 , as the second permanent settlement in New France , after Quebec City in 1608 . The city 's name , which is French for 'three rivers ' , is named for the fact the Saint-Maurice River has three mouths at the Saint Lawrence River ; it is divided by two islands in the river . Historically , in the English language this city was known as Three Rivers . Since the late 20th century , when there has been more recognition of Quebec and French speakers , and French was made an official language , the city is generally referred to as Trois-Rivières in both English and French . The anglicized name still appears in many areas of the town ( e.g. , the city 's Three Rivers Academy ) , bearing witness to the influence of English settlers in the town . The city 's inhabitants are known as Trifluviens ( Trifluvians ) . Trois-Rivières is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Trois-Rivières . Its geographical code is 371 . Together with the regional county municipality of Les Chenaux , it forms the census division ( CD ) of Francheville ( 37 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Maison LeBer-LeMoyne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LeBer-LeMoyne_House', 'summary': 'Le Ber-Le Moyne House ( French : Maison Le Ber-Le Moyne ) is the oldest complete building in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It is located in the borough of Lachine , bordering the Saint Lawrence River , between the Lachine Rapids and Lake Saint-Louis . It is a recognized National Historic Site of Canada since June 19 , 2002 . The Le Ber-Le Moyne site and its archaeological collection have also been classified as heritage assets by the ministère de la Culture et des communications du Québec since 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '1669', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal ( Lachine )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec', 'summary': 'Lachine ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ laʃin ] ) is a borough ( arrondissement ) within the city of Montreal on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It was an autonomous city until 2002 .'}]}, {'value': 'Maison Marcoux', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1670', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Chapelle Notre-Dame-des-Anges', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1671', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notre-Dame-des-Anges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Anges,_Quebec', 'summary': 'Notre-Dame-des-Anges is a parish municipality in Quebec , Canada , home of the General Hospital of Quebec . Enclaved within the territory of Quebec City , this unusual municipality had a population of 318 and measures only 6 hectares ( 15 acres ) in area , making it the smallest incorporated municipal entity in Canada . With a density of 12,206.67/km2 ( 31,615.1/sq mi ) according to Statistics Canada , it is the second densest census subdivision in Canada . It lacks any governmental structure ; there is no mayor but rather an administrator .'}]}, {'value': 'Maison-Laberge', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1674', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'Ange-Gardien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'Ange-Gardien,_Capitale-Nationale,_Quebec", 'summary': "L'Ange-Gardien is a municipality in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec , Canada . It is part of La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality . L'Ange-Gardien changed status from parish municipality to ordinary municipality on May 17 , 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Moulin à vent de Grondines', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1674', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deschambault-Grondines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deschambault-Grondines,_Quebec', 'summary': 'Deschambault-Grondines is a municipality of about 2100 inhabitants in the Canadian province of Quebec , located in Portneuf Regional County Municipality . The municipality was incorporated in 2002 by the merger of the formerly independent villages of Deschambault and Grondines . The name Grondines was named by Samuel de Champlain himself . Grondines is from the French verb gronder , meaning to rumble or roar . In 1674 , The Grondines windmill was built and is the oldest windmill in Québec . The windmill was first a flour mill , and then a lighthouse . In 1842 the church Saint-Charles-Borromée was built in Grondines . In 2006 the local Fromagerie des Grondines was built , it is an organic cheese farm open to the public . Some of the famous people who lived here include filmmaker Denys Arcand , who was born in Deschambault .'}]}, {'value': 'Maison François-Jacquet-dit-Langevin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1675', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Séminaire de Québec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Séminaire_de_Québec', 'summary': 'The Seminary of Quebec ( French : Séminaire de Québec ) is a Roman Catholic community of priests in Quebec City founded by Bishop François de Laval , the first bishop of New France in 1663 .'}]}, {'value': '1675', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Manoir de Charleville', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1677', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boischatel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boischatel,_Quebec', 'summary': 'Boischatel is a municipality in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec , Canada . The town was originally called Saint-Jean-de-Boischatel . The town itself is located along the Montmorency River . Nearby on the boundary with Beauport are the Montmorency Falls where 35,000 litres of water per second are falling down a height one and a half times greater than the Niagara Falls .'}]}, {'value': 'Maison Gourdeau', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1677', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St. Jean , ile d'Orleans", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ile_d'Orleans", 'summary': "Île d'Orléans ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ il dɔʁleɑ̃ ] ; English : Island of Orleans ) is located in the Saint Lawrence River about 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) east of downtown Quebec City , Quebec , Canada . The island was one of the first parts of the province to be colonized by the French , and a large percentage of French Canadians can trace ancestry to early residents of the island . The island has been described as the microcosm of traditional Quebec and as the birthplace of francophones in North America . The island is accessible from the mainland via the Île d'Orléans Bridge from Beauport . Route 368 is the sole provincial route on the island , which crosses the bridge and circles the perimeter of the island . At the village of Sainte-Pétronille toward the western end of the island , a viewpoint overlooks the impressive Chute Montmorency ( Montmorency Falls ) , as well as a panorama of the St. Lawrence River and Quebec City . Île d'Orléans is twinned with Île de Ré in France ."}]}, {'value': 'Maison Morisset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maison_Morisset', 'summary': "The Maison Morisset ( also known by its nickname La Brimbale ) is a farmhouse built in 1678 during the seigneurial system of New France . Located in the municipality of Sainte-Famille on Île d'Orléans , the Maison Morisset was classified as a historic site and building by the Ministry of Culture and Communications of Quebec on June 7 , 1962 . It is reputed to be the oldest stone house in the province of Quebec . In addition to its historical and architectural interest , the house has appeared in a large number of books and works of art , including several appearances on television . One of the first of these was the cover of La Fille Laide by Yves Thériault ."}]}, {'value': '1678', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sainte Famille , Ile d'Orleans", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ile_d'Orleans", 'summary': "Île d'Orléans ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ il dɔʁleɑ̃ ] ; English : Island of Orleans ) is located in the Saint Lawrence River about 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) east of downtown Quebec City , Quebec , Canada . The island was one of the first parts of the province to be colonized by the French , and a large percentage of French Canadians can trace ancestry to early residents of the island . The island has been described as the microcosm of traditional Quebec and as the birthplace of francophones in North America . The island is accessible from the mainland via the Île d'Orléans Bridge from Beauport . Route 368 is the sole provincial route on the island , which crosses the bridge and circles the perimeter of the island . At the village of Sainte-Pétronille toward the western end of the island , a viewpoint overlooks the impressive Chute Montmorency ( Montmorency Falls ) , as well as a panorama of the St. Lawrence River and Quebec City . Île d'Orléans is twinned with Île de Ré in France ."}]}, {'value': 'Maison Amiot', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1679', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': "Sacristie de l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sacristie_de_l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec", 'summary': 'The Hôpital-Général de Québec is a Canadian medical facility located in the tiny municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Anges , Quebec ( which consists solely of the hospital ) , surrounded by the La Cité-Limoilou borough of Quebec City . It was classified as an historic site in 1977 by the Quebec government . Additionally , an archeological site listed on the Inventaire des sites archéologiques du Québec ( Register of archeological sites of Quebec ) is located there . The central portion of the hospital cemetery , where over 1,000 French and British soldiers who died in the battles of the Plains of Abraham and Sainte-Foy are interred , is a National Historic Site of Canada . General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm is buried at the cemetery .'}]}, {'value': '1679', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notre-Dame-des-Anges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Anges,_Quebec', 'summary': 'Notre-Dame-des-Anges is a parish municipality in Quebec , Canada , home of the General Hospital of Quebec . Enclaved within the territory of Quebec City , this unusual municipality had a population of 318 and measures only 6 hectares ( 15 acres ) in area , making it the smallest incorporated municipal entity in Canada . With a density of 12,206.67/km2 ( 31,615.1/sq mi ) according to Statistics Canada , it is the second densest census subdivision in Canada . It lacks any governmental structure ; there is no mayor but rather an administrator .'}]}, {'value': "Bâtiment des Récollets de l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bâtiment_des_Récollets_de_l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec", 'summary': 'The Hôpital-Général de Québec is a Canadian medical facility located in the tiny municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Anges , Quebec ( which consists solely of the hospital ) , surrounded by the La Cité-Limoilou borough of Quebec City . It was classified as an historic site in 1977 by the Quebec government . Additionally , an archeological site listed on the Inventaire des sites archéologiques du Québec ( Register of archeological sites of Quebec ) is located there . The central portion of the hospital cemetery , where over 1,000 French and British soldiers who died in the battles of the Plains of Abraham and Sainte-Foy are interred , is a National Historic Site of Canada . General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm is buried at the cemetery .'}]}, {'value': '1680', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notre-Dame-des-Anges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Anges,_Quebec', 'summary': 'Notre-Dame-des-Anges is a parish municipality in Quebec , Canada , home of the General Hospital of Quebec . Enclaved within the territory of Quebec City , this unusual municipality had a population of 318 and measures only 6 hectares ( 15 acres ) in area , making it the smallest incorporated municipal entity in Canada . With a density of 12,206.67/km2 ( 31,615.1/sq mi ) according to Statistics Canada , it is the second densest census subdivision in Canada . It lacks any governmental structure ; there is no mayor but rather an administrator .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Quebec', 'section_text': 'See also : List of historic buildings in Quebec City The first Europeans to arrive in Quebec were settlers from France . They founded Quebec City in 1608 and erected there the first foundations such as the Habitation made of wood and set up by Samuel de Champlain . Despite the founding of other significant settlements in New France in the 17th century , notably Trois-Rivières in 1634 and Montreal in 1642 , there are only a few 17th-century buildings that still survive outside the Capitale-Nationale region . Therefore , the oldest buildings still standing in Quebec are found heavily in and around Quebec City . All such buildings date from the French regime and are protected as historical monuments under the law enforced by the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Quebec . [ 153 ] The following is a list of old buildings and structures in Quebec constructed prior to 1750 .', 'uid': 'List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Canada_8', 'intro': 'This is a list of the oldest surviving buildings and structures of significance in each province and territory of Canada.'}
null
null
Who named the city that is the birthplace of filmmaker Denys Arcand and is the site of two of Canada 's oldest buildings , including the oldest windmill in Québec that was built three years after the Chapelle in Notre-Dame-des-Anges ?
Samuel de Champlain
fed96a978eef1ad0
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_United_Football_League', 'title': '2014 United Football League', 'header': ['Player', 'For', 'Against', 'Result', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Koffi Desmos Arthur Kouassi N Gnan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manila Jeepney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manila_Jeepney_F.C.', 'summary': 'Manila Jeepney Football Club is a professional Filipino football club , based in the city of Manila , Philippines . The team competed in the United Football League , the highest level of club football in the Philippines . The team entered the United Football League as a guest team in the 2013 United Football League Cup , before being admitted as an official club of the UFL Division 2 in 2014 . In their first season in the second division of the United Football League , the team won promotion to the first division . However , after participating at the 2015 season it withdrew from the league . It is acknowledged as the official football club of the city of Manila .'}]}, {'value': 'Philippine Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippine_Navy_F.C.', 'summary': 'Philippine Navy Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines under the administration of the Philippine Navy . The club reached the quarter-finals of the 2010 UFL Cup where it was defeated by eventual Cup runner-up Philippine Air Force F.C . Its official colors are blue and white .'}]}, {'value': '7-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18 January 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loic Toullec', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manila Nomads', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manila_Nomads_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Manila Nomads Sports Club , or simply the Nomads Sports Club or the Manila Nomads , is a sports club based in Carmona , Cavite , Philippines . For much of its history its grounds was situated within Metro Manila with its last ground within the metropolis located at the Merville area in Parañaque from 1969 to 2017 . The sports club primarily focuses on its association football team which played in the now-defunct United Football League , which was the highest level of Philippine club football . In 2011 , the Nomads football team won the UFL Division 2 title after being runner-up in 2010 . Formed in 1914 , it is the oldest active football club in the Philippines . The club is also known for its activities in rugby .'}]}, {'value': 'Dolphins United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolphins_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Dolphins United Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '5-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 January 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jin Ho Kim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dolphins United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolphins_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Dolphins United Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '9-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eiji Sugikasi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manila All-Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manila_All-Japan_F.C.', 'summary': "Japan Philippines Voltes Marikina Football Club , formerly known as Manila All-Japan Football Club and commonly known as JP Voltes Football Club , was an association football club based in the city of Marikina , Philippines which competed in the Philippines Football League , the highest level of Philippine club football at the time of the league 's existence . The team consists of Japanese and Filipino players . It is one of the founding members of the United Football League in 2009 , where the team played in UFL Division 2 and later in the only division of the league following the merger of UFL Division 1 and 2 in 2016 . In the 2015 United Football League Division 2 season , the team achieved promotion to the United Football League First Division by winning the 2015 promotion/relegation play-off , allowing them to play in the Philippines ' top flight for the first time in its history . The name of JP Voltes FC was derived from the mecha anime series , Voltes 5 which was popular in the Philippines . Its name was also inspired from the word Vortex . The club got registered as a corporation ."}]}, {'value': 'Cimarron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cimarron_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Cimarron Football Club , formerly known as Diliman FC is an association football club based in Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '8-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shayan Jafari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Union Internacional Manila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Union_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Union Football Club Manila or Union Internacional Manila F.C . is a Filipino football club based in Manila . It was established in 1996 . The club played at the second division of the United Football League . The club made its first appearance in the second season of the UFL playing in division two . The club ended their league campaign in fifth place behind division winner Manila Nomads .'}]}, {'value': 'Laos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laos_F.C.', 'summary': 'Laos Football Club is a professional Filipino association football club based in Quezon City , Metro Manila . The team played in the United Football League , the highest level of club football in the Philippines at the time the league was extant .'}]}, {'value': '4-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jin Ho Kim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Union Internacional Manila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Union_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Union Football Club Manila or Union Internacional Manila F.C . is a Filipino football club based in Manila . It was established in 1996 . The club played at the second division of the United Football League . The club made its first appearance in the second season of the UFL playing in division two . The club ended their league campaign in fifth place behind division winner Manila Nomads .'}]}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 February 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jangobah Johnson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forza_F.C.', 'summary': 'Forza Futbol Club is a Filipino association football club based in Alabang , Muntinlupa . They played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . They made their professional debut appearance in the 2011 UFL Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Cimarron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cimarron_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Cimarron Football Club , formerly known as Diliman FC is an association football club based in Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '10-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arvin Gaspe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forza_F.C.', 'summary': 'Forza Futbol Club is a Filipino association football club based in Alabang , Muntinlupa . They played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . They made their professional debut appearance in the 2011 UFL Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Cimarron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cimarron_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Cimarron Football Club , formerly known as Diliman FC is an association football club based in Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '10-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick Reichelt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patrick_Reichelt', 'summary': 'Patrick Gerry-Anthony Alcala Reichelt ( born June 15 , 1988 ) is a Filipino footballer who plays as a right winger for Suphanburi and the Philippines national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Forza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forza_F.C.', 'summary': 'Forza Futbol Club is a Filipino association football club based in Alabang , Muntinlupa . They played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . They made their professional debut appearance in the 2011 UFL Cup .'}]}, {'value': '6-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 March 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Koffi Desmos Arthur Kouassi N Gnan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manila Jeepney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manila_Jeepney_F.C.', 'summary': 'Manila Jeepney Football Club is a professional Filipino football club , based in the city of Manila , Philippines . The team competed in the United Football League , the highest level of club football in the Philippines . The team entered the United Football League as a guest team in the 2013 United Football League Cup , before being admitted as an official club of the UFL Division 2 in 2014 . In their first season in the second division of the United Football League , the team won promotion to the first division . However , after participating at the 2015 season it withdrew from the league . It is acknowledged as the official football club of the city of Manila .'}]}, {'value': 'Union Internacional Manila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Union_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Union Football Club Manila or Union Internacional Manila F.C . is a Filipino football club based in Manila . It was established in 1996 . The club played at the second division of the United Football League . The club made its first appearance in the second season of the UFL playing in division two . The club ended their league campaign in fifth place behind division winner Manila Nomads .'}]}, {'value': '6-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 April 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olayemi Bakare', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agila_F.C.', 'summary': "Agila-Manila Soccer Academy Football Club is a Filipino association football club which played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . The club is composed of former and current players from the Ateneo men 's football team ."}]}, {'value': 'Manila Nomads', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manila_Nomads_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Manila Nomads Sports Club , or simply the Nomads Sports Club or the Manila Nomads , is a sports club based in Carmona , Cavite , Philippines . For much of its history its grounds was situated within Metro Manila with its last ground within the metropolis located at the Merville area in Parañaque from 1969 to 2017 . The sports club primarily focuses on its association football team which played in the now-defunct United Football League , which was the highest level of Philippine club football . In 2011 , the Nomads football team won the UFL Division 2 title after being runner-up in 2010 . Formed in 1914 , it is the oldest active football club in the Philippines . The club is also known for its activities in rugby .'}]}, {'value': '4-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 April 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abou Toure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laos_F.C.', 'summary': 'Laos Football Club is a professional Filipino association football club based in Quezon City , Metro Manila . The team played in the United Football League , the highest level of club football in the Philippines at the time the league was extant .'}]}, {'value': 'Philippine Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philippine_Navy_F.C.', 'summary': 'Philippine Navy Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines under the administration of the Philippine Navy . The club reached the quarter-finals of the 2010 UFL Cup where it was defeated by eventual Cup runner-up Philippine Air Force F.C . Its official colors are blue and white .'}]}, {'value': '5-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jin Ho Kim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dolphins United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolphins_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Dolphins United Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '9-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oladipo Okunaiya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Dolphins United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolphins_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Dolphins United Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '9-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jin Ho Kim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Agila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agila_F.C.', 'summary': "Agila-Manila Soccer Academy Football Club is a Filipino association football club which played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . The club is composed of former and current players from the Ateneo men 's football team ."}]}, {'value': '5-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ian Macaspac', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forza_F.C.', 'summary': 'Forza Futbol Club is a Filipino association football club based in Alabang , Muntinlupa . They played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . They made their professional debut appearance in the 2011 UFL Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Cimarron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cimarron_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Cimarron Football Club , formerly known as Diliman FC is an association football club based in Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '8-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jangobah Johnson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forza_F.C.', 'summary': 'Forza Futbol Club is a Filipino association football club based in Alabang , Muntinlupa . They played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . They made their professional debut appearance in the 2011 UFL Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Cimarron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cimarron_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Cimarron Football Club , formerly known as Diliman FC is an association football club based in Diliman , Quezon City , Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '8-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25 May 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sean Stewart Illif', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manila Jeepney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manila_Jeepney_F.C.', 'summary': 'Manila Jeepney Football Club is a professional Filipino football club , based in the city of Manila , Philippines . The team competed in the United Football League , the highest level of club football in the Philippines . The team entered the United Football League as a guest team in the 2013 United Football League Cup , before being admitted as an official club of the UFL Division 2 in 2014 . In their first season in the second division of the United Football League , the team won promotion to the first division . However , after participating at the 2015 season it withdrew from the league . It is acknowledged as the official football club of the city of Manila .'}]}, {'value': 'Dolphins United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dolphins_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Dolphins United Football Club is an association football club based in the Philippines .'}]}, {'value': '10-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 June 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahmoud Ali', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Union Internacional Manila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Union_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Union Football Club Manila or Union Internacional Manila F.C . is a Filipino football club based in Manila . It was established in 1996 . The club played at the second division of the United Football League . The club made its first appearance in the second season of the UFL playing in division two . The club ended their league campaign in fifth place behind division winner Manila Nomads .'}]}, {'value': 'Agila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agila_F.C.', 'summary': "Agila-Manila Soccer Academy Football Club is a Filipino association football club which played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . The club is composed of former and current players from the Ateneo men 's football team ."}]}, {'value': '5-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 June 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jin Ho Kim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ceres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceres_F.C.', 'summary': "Ceres-Negros Football Club , commonly referred to as Ceres-Negros or just Ceres , is a Filipino professional football club based in Bacolod , Negros Occidental that competes in the Philippines Football League , the top tier of Filipino football . Founded in 2012 as Ceres-La Salle Football Club , it became Ceres-Negros in 2017 . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Stadium . The club is also a member of the Negros Occidental Football Association . The name Ceres came from the Ceres Liner bus line owned and operated by Vallacar Transit Inc. , the largest public land transportation company in the Negros Region of the Philippines . La Salle came from the club 's close ties with the University of St. La Salle in Bacolod City . The club 's home ground is the Panaad Park and Stadium in Bacolod City . Ceres had their first major success in the United Football League in the 2014 season , when onthey won the United Football League Division 2 Championship , earning them promotion to the first division . Since then , they have won the UFL FA League Cup ( 2014 ) and the United Football League Division 1 Championship ( 2014 ) and ( 2015 ) . Ceres is a three-time Philippines Football League champion ( 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) and Champion of Copa Paulino Alcantara ( 2019 ) . It is also a two-time PFF National Men 's Club Championship champion ( 2012-13 and 2013-14 ) and a one-time United Football League champion ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Forza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forza_F.C.', 'summary': 'Forza Futbol Club is a Filipino association football club based in Alabang , Muntinlupa . They played in the former United Football League , which was the highest level of club football in the Philippines . They made their professional debut appearance in the 2011 UFL Cup .'}]}, {'value': '4-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 June 2014', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Division 2 -- Hat-tricks', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2014_United_Football_League_(Philippines)_5', 'intro': 'The 2014 United Football League was the fifth season of the UFL since its establishment as a semi-professional league in 2009. The UFL League kicked off on Saturday, January 11 with 9 teams in Division I and 12 teams in Division II. Stallion are the defending champions, having won the Division 1 of the 2013 United Football League season. Global outclassed Pachanga Diliman 7-2 on 12 June 2014 to clinch the 2014 United Football League title with three games to spare.'}
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What is the name of the home ground of the football club that played twice against the team based in Alabang , Muntinlupa ?
Panaad Park
fed9c2a11b641dd3
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_record_progression_200_metres_breaststroke', 'title': 'World record progression 200 metres breaststroke', 'header': ['Time', 'Swimmer', 'Date', 'Place'], 'data': [{'value': '2:07.93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Gillingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Gillingham', 'summary': "Nicholas 'Nick ' Gillingham , MBE ( born 22 January 1967 in Walsall ) is an English former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain in the Olympics , FINA world championships and European championships , and England in the Commonwealth Games . He attended the town 's Blue Coat CofE primary and secondary schools ."}]}, {'value': 'October 20 , 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham , United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːmɪŋəm/ ( listen ) BUR-ming-əm ) is a major city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands , England . It is the second-largest city and metropolitan area in England and the United Kingdom , [ b ] with roughly 1.1 million inhabitants within the city area and 3.8 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area . Birmingham is commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom . Located in the West Midlands county and region in England , approximately 100 miles ( 160 km ) from Central London , Birmingham , as one of the United Kingdom 's major cities , is considered to be the social , cultural , financial , and commercial centre of both the East and West Midlands . Distinctively , Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it , mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole - one of the closest main rivers is the Severn , approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of the city centre . Birmingham 's urban area is the second-largest in the United Kingdom , with its most recently estimated population in 2017 being 2,897,303 , and it also lies within the most populated English district . A market town in the medieval period , Birmingham grew in the 18th-century Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution , which saw advances in science , technology , and economic development , producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society . By 1791 it was being hailed as the first manufacturing town in the world . Birmingham 's distinctive economic profile , with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades , encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century . The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham . The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which , under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain , was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London , and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy . From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943 , Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '2:07.80', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philip Rogers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Rogers', 'summary': 'Philip John Rogers ( born 24 April 1971 ) is a former breaststroke swimmer who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for Australia , starting in 1992 . He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder . At his Olympic debut he won the bronze medal in the 100-metre breaststroke , followed by a bronze in 1996 in the 4x100-metre medley relay . During his last Olympic appearance , at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , he was the oldest member of the Australian Swimming team , at age 29 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 28 , 1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne , Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:07.79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrey Korneyev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrey_Korneyev', 'summary': "Andrey Korneyev ( Russian : Андрей Корнеев ; 10 January 1974 - 2 May 2014 ) was a breaststroke swimmer from Russia , who won the bronze medal in the men 's 200 m breaststroke event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , United States . A year earlier he captured the gold medal in the same event at the 1995 European Championships in Vienna , Austria . Korneyev died on 2 May 2014 of cancer in Moscow at the age of 40 ."}]}, {'value': 'March 28 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paris , France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paris', 'summary': "Paris ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire ."}, {'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:07.59', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roman Sloudnov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roman_Sloudnov', 'summary': 'Roman Andreyevich Sludnov ( Russian : Роман Андреевич Слуднов , born 24 February 1980 ) is a breaststroke swimmer from Russia . He was the first person to swim the long course 100 m breaststroke under one minute . In 2000 he held world records in the long course 100 m and short course 100 m and 200 m. At the 2000 Olympics , he won a bronze medal in the 100 m event .'}]}, {'value': 'March 19 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athens , Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athens', 'summary': "Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '2:06.40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed Moses', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ed_Moses_(swimmer)', 'summary': 'Glenn Edward Moses Jr. ( born June 7 , 1980 ) is an American former competition swimmer and breaststroke specialist who is an Olympic gold medalist , world champion , and former world record-holder . He represented the United States at the 2000 Summer Olympics , where he won a gold and silver medal . On January 23 , 2002 in Stockholm , Sweden , Moses set a world record in the short course 100-meter breaststroke ( 57.47 ) . In January 2002 , Moses also set the world mark in the short course 200-meter breaststroke , which he lowered again with a time of 2:02.92 in Berlin on January 17 , 2004 . Moses was a contestant on the television program Mental Samurai on April 16 , 2019 . He answered 10 out of 12 questions correctly but then ran out of time .'}]}, {'value': 'March 25 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minneapolis , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minneapolis', 'summary': "Minneapolis ( /ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs/ ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Hennepin County and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2018 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States , with an estimated population of 425,403 . The Twin Cities metropolitan area consists of Minneapolis , its neighbor Saint Paul and suburbs which altogether contain about 3.63 million people , and is the third-largest economic and population center in the Midwest . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with 13 lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls ; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle . Minneapolis is home to five Fortune 500 companies , and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States . Minneapolis has one of the highest percentages of LGBT populations in the U.S . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes , producing artists such as Lizzo , Brother Ali , Atmosphere , and Dessa ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '2:04.37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed Moses', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 18 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paris , France', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:03.28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed Moses', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 22 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm , Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '2:03.17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed Moses', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 26 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berlin , Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berlin', 'summary': "Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '2:02.92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed Moses', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 17 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berlin , Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:01.98', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Sprenger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Sprenger', 'summary': 'Christian David Sprenger ( born 19 December 1985 ) is an Australian former breaststroke swimmer . He trains at the Commercial Swimming Club under Simon Cusack .'}]}, {'value': 'August 10 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hobart , Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hobart', 'summary': "Hobart ( /ˈhoʊbɑːrt/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania . With a population of approximately 240,342 ( over 45% of Tasmania 's population ) , it is the least populated Australian state capital city , and second smallest if territories are taken into account ( after Darwin , Northern Territory ) . The city is located in the state 's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent , making it the most southern of Australia 's capital cities . Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre ( 4,170 ft ) Mount Wellington , and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world , with much of the city 's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land . The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart , to differentiate it from the City of Hobart , one of the five local government areas that cover the city . Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony , Hobart is Australia 's second oldest capital city after Sydney , New South Wales . Prior to British settlement , the Hobart area had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years , by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe , a sub-group of the Nuennone , or South-East tribe . The descendants of these Aboriginal Tasmanians often refer to themselves as 'Palawa ' . Since its foundation , the city has expanded from the mouth of Sullivans Cove in a generally north-south direction along both banks of the River Derwent , from 22 km inland from the estuary at Storm Bay to the point where the river reverts to fresh water at Bridgewater . Penal transportation ended in the 1850s , after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline . The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining , agriculture and other primary industries , and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration . Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions , Hobart 's population remains predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic , and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia 's capital cities ."}]}, {'value': '2:00.67', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dániel Gyurta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dániel_Gyurta', 'summary': 'Dániel Gyurta ( Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈdaːniɛl ˈɟurtɒ ] ; born 4 May 1989 ) is a Hungarian former competitive swimmer who mainly competed in the 200-metre breaststroke .'}]}, {'value': 'December 13 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Istanbul , Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Istanbul', 'summary': "Istanbul ( /ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ , also US : /ˈɪstænbʊl/ ; Turkish : İstanbul [ isˈtanbuɫ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosporus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus . With a total population of around 15 million residents in its metropolitan area , Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities , ranking as the world 's fifth-largest city proper and the largest European city . The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( coterminous with Istanbul Province ) . Founded under the name of Byzantion ( Βυζάντιον ) on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city grew in size and influence , becoming one of the most important cities in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman/Byzantine ( 330-1204 ) , Latin ( 1204-1261 ) , Palaiologos Byzantine ( 1261-1453 ) and Ottoman ( 1453-1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 CE and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate . Under the name Constantinople it was the Ottoman capital until 1923 . The capital was then moved to Ankara and the city was renamed Istanbul . The city held the strategic position between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean . It was also on the historic Silk Road ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '2:00.48', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dániel Gyurta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 31 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dubai , United Arab Emirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubai', 'summary': "Dubai ( /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY ; Arabic : دبي Dubay , Gulf Arabic : Arabic pronunciation : [ dʊˈbɑj ] ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai . Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia . It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo . Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city , which was already a major mercantile hub . Today , less than 5% of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century , Dubai 's economy relies on revenues from trade , tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates', 'summary': "The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ; Arabic : الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyyah al-Muttaḥidah ) , sometimes simply called the Emirates ( Arabic : الإمارات al-ʾImārāt ) , is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi ( which serves as the capital ) , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain . Their boundaries are complex , with numerous enclaves within the various emirates . Each emirate is governed by a ruler ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha , Sharjah . Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais . Known as Magan to the Sumerians , the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period , which traded between the Indus Valley , Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran , Bactria and the Levant . The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior . The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba . The UAE 's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar , in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area ."}]}, {'value': '2:00.44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marco Koch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marco_Koch', 'summary': 'Marco Koch ( born 25 January 1990 ) is a German competitive swimmer who specializes in breaststroke events . He is a former world record holder in the 200 meter breaststroke ( short course ) .'}]}, {'value': 'November 20 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berlin , Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2:00.16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirill Prigoda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirill_Prigoda', 'summary': "Kirill Gennadievich Prigoda ( Russian : Кирилл Геннадьевич Пригода ; born 29 December 1995 ) is a Russian swimmer . He competed in the men 's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'December 13 , 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hangzhou , China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hangzhou', 'summary': "Hangzhou ( Chinese : 杭州 ; Hangzhounese pronunciation : [ ɦɑ̃.tse ] , Putonghua pronunciation : [ xǎŋ.ʈʂóu ] ( listen ) ) , also romanized as Hangchow , is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang Province in East China . It sits at the head of Hangzhou Bay , which separates Shanghai and Ningbo . Hangzhou grew to prominence as the southern terminus of the Grand Canal and has been one of the most renowned and prosperous cities in China for much of the last millennium . The city 's West Lake , a UNESCO World Heritage site immediately west of the city , is among its best-known attractions . A study conducted by PwC and China Development Research Foundation saw Hangzhou ranked first among Chinese Cities of Opportunity . Hangzhou is also considered a World City with a Beta+ classification according to GaWC . Hangzhou is classified as a sub-provincial city and forms the core of the Hangzhou metropolitan area , the fourth-largest in China . During the 2010 Chinese census , the metropolitan area held 21.102 million people over an area of 34,585 km2 ( 13,353 sq mi ) . Hangzhou prefecture had a registered population of 9,018,000 in 2015 . Hangzhou was repeatedly rated as the best commercial city in the mainland of China by Forbes . As the headquarters of Internet industry enterprises such as Alibaba , Hangzhou has strongly attracted people who work in the Internet industry . Therefore , in the new growing cities that became popular in the 2010s , Hangzhou is one of the main representative cities ."}, {'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Men -- Short course', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'World_record_progression_200_metres_breaststroke_1', 'intro': "The first world record in the men's 200 metres breaststroke in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1908 and the first world record in the women's 200 metres breaststroke was recognised in 1921. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since March 3, 1991. There have been two rule changes enacted by FINA for this event that have resulted in the nullification of world records. In the mid-1930s, many breaststroke swimmers began practicing an early variant of the butterfly stroke that involved recovering the arms above the water in an effort to reduce drag. This technique was disallowed when the butterfly stroke was established as a distinct stroke with its own rules in 1953, and world records set using the technique were nullified. Another style was developed by the Japanese swimmer Masaru Furukawa shortly after this rule change. It involved swimming underwater for as much of each pool length as possible without surfacing, as the act of breaking the water's surface created resistance, slowing a swimmer. This method of swimming the breaststroke was disallowed by FINA in 1956 and records set with the technique were nullified. (see History of swimming)"}
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Which medal did the swimmer who swam the 200 metres breaststroke in 2:07.79 in Paris , France win in the Olympics ?
bronze
feda1c95e34566f8
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_war_memorials', 'title': 'Canadian war memorials', 'header': ['Memorial name', 'Location', 'Map', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bergen op Zoom Canadian War Cemetery', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bergen op Zoom , Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bergen_op_Zoom', 'summary': 'Bergen op Zoom ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈbɛrɣə ( n ) ɔp ˌsoːm ] ( listen ) ; called Berrege [ ˈbɛrəɣə ] in the local dialect ) is a municipality and a city located in the south of the Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': '51°30′07″N 004°19′49″E / 51.50194°N 4.33028°E / 51.50194 ; 4.33028 ( Bergen op Zoom Canadian War Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cemetery for 1118 Commonwealth soldiers , 971 of whom are Canadian . It is adjacent to the Bergen op Zoom War Cemetery , which contains the graves of 1284 Commonwealth soldiers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian WW2 Section', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brookwood_Cemetery', 'summary': 'Brookwood Cemetery , also known as the London Necropolis , is a burial ground in Brookwood , Surrey , England . It is the largest cemetery in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe . The cemetery is listed a Grade I site in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens .'}]}, {'value': 'Brookwood , Surrey , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brookwood,_Surrey', 'summary': 'Brookwood is a village in Surrey , England , about 3 1⁄2 miles ( 5.6 km ) west of Woking , with a mixture of semi-rural , woodland-set and archetypal suburban residential homes . It lies on the western border of the Woking Borough , with a small part of the village in Guildford Borough . As part of the 2016 boundary review Brookwood became part of the Heathlands ward which comprises Brookwood , Bridley , Hook Heath , Mayford , Sutton Green and Barnsbury and Wych Hill . The village is known for the 500-acre Brookwood Cemetery , also called the London Necropolis . The village also gave its name to the former Victorian Brookwood Hospital , once the leading mental institution in Surrey . Since its closure in 1994 , it has been redeveloped as housing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Surrey', 'summary': 'Surrey ( /ˈsʌri/ SURR-ee ) is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east , East Sussex to the southeast , West Sussex to the south , Hampshire to the west , Berkshire to the northwest , and Greater London to the northeast . With about 1.2 million people , Surrey is the twelfth most populous English county , the third most populous home county , after Kent and Essex , and the third most populous in the Southeast , after Hampshire and Kent . Surrey is a wealthy county . It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county , some of the highest property values outside Inner London , and also the highest cost of living outside the capital . It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England . It has four horse racing courses , and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth . Guildford is popularly regarded as the county town , although Surrey County Council is based extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames . Surrey is divided into eleven districts .'}]}, {'value': '51°18′01″N 000°38′27.39″W / 51.30028°N 0.6409417°W / 51.30028 ; -0.6409417 ( The Brookwood Memorial )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Brookwood has a WW1 and this WW2 Canadian Section adjacent to the Canadian Records Hall with sculpted beaver and legend ' A Mari usque ad Mare '", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gapyeong Canada Monument', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gapyeong_Canada_Monument', 'summary': 'The Gapyeong Canada Monument ( Korean : 캐나다 전투 기념비 ) is a monument erected to commemorate the sacrifice of the Canadian Forces during the Korean War , especially at the Battle of Kapyong in the Canadian Korean War Memorial Garden . The English text describing the monument reads as follows :'}]}, {'value': 'Gapyeong County , Gyeonggi Province , South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gapyeong_County', 'summary': 'Gapyeong County is a county in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea . It was the scene of the Battle of Kapyong , a major battle of the Korean War .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province', 'summary': "Gyeonggi Province ( Korean : 경기도 , Korean pronunciation : [ kjʌŋ.ɡi.do ] ) is the most populous province in South Korea . Its name , Gyeonggi , means the area surrounding the capital . Thus Gyeonggi-do can be translated as province surrounding Seoul . The provincial capital is Suwon . Seoul - South Korea 's largest city and national capital - is in the heart of the province but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946 . Incheon - South Korea 's third-largest city - is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981 . The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 ( 4,530 sq mi ) , with a combined population of 25.5 million - amounting to over half of the entire population of South Korea ."}]}, {'value': '37°52′36.71″N 127°31′48.79″E / 37.8768639°N 127.5302194°E / 37.8768639 ; 127.5302194 ( Gapyeong Canada Monument )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dedicated to the sacrifices made by the Canadian forces during the Korean war , especially at the Battle of Kapyong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Kapyong', 'summary': "The Battle of Kapyong ( Korean : 가평전투 , 22-25 April 1951 ) , also known as the Battle of Jiaping ( Chinese : 加平战斗 ; pinyin : Jiā Píng Zhàn Dòu ) , was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command ( UN ) forces - primarily Australian , Canadian and New Zealand - and the Chinese People 's Volunteer Army ( PVA ) . The fighting occurred during the Chinese Spring Offensive and saw the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade establish blocking positions in the Kapyong Valley , on a key route south to the capital , Seoul . The two forward battalions - 3rd Battalion , Royal Australian Regiment ( 3 RAR ) and 2nd Battalion , Princess Patricia 's Canadian Light Infantry ( 2 PPCLI ) - supported by an artillery battery from the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery , occupied positions astride the valley and hastily developed defences . As thousands of soldiers from the Republic of Korea Army"}]}, {'value': 'Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Groesbeek_Canadian_War_Cemetery', 'summary': 'Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery and Memorial ( French : Le Cimetière de Guerre Canadien Groesbeek ) is a Second World War Commonwealth War Graves Commission military war grave cemetery , located in the village of Groesbeek , 8 km ( 5.0 mi ) southeast of Nijmegen in the Netherlands . Of the total 2,619 burials , the cemetery contains 2,338 Canadian soldiers . It was built to a design by Commission architect Philip Hepworth .'}]}, {'value': 'Groesbeek , Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Groesbeek', 'summary': 'Groesbeek ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɣruzbeːk ] ) is a town and former municipality in the province of Gelderland , the Netherlands . In January 2015 the former municipality merged with Millingen aan de Rijn and Ubbergen . The larger area was known as Groesbeek until January 2016 , when its name was changed to Berg en Dal .'}]}, {'value': '51°47′53.92″N 5°55′54.76″E / 51.7983111°N 5.9318778°E / 51.7983111 ; 5.9318778 ( Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cemetery for the dead from the Second World War', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kandahar Airfield Memorial and Memorial Inuksuk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kandahar_International_Airport', 'summary': "Kandahar International Airport ( Pashto : د کندهار نړيوال هوايي ډګر ; referred to by some as Kandahar Airfield , KAF ) ( IATA : KDH , ICAO : OAKN ) is located about 9 nautical miles ( 17 km ; 10 mi ) south-east of the city Kandahar in Afghanistan . It serves as the nation 's second main international airport and as one of the largest military bases , capable of housing up to 250 aircraft of all types . The airport was designed and built by the United States in the late 1950s . It was occupied by the Soviets during the 1980s Soviet-Afghan War . Following their withdrawal the airport remained in control of Najibullah 's government until he stepped down in 1992 . Thereafter , local warlords and the Taliban took control of the airport until the U.S.-led invasion in late 2001 . It was also the site of the Indian Airlines Flight 814 incident in 1999 . Since 2007 , the airport has been repaired and expanded . Its runway can support all types of aircraft , including a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III or an Antonov An-225 Mriya . The airport is used for both military and civilian flights . The military section of the airport is maintained by the Resolute Support Mission and the Afghan Air Force . The 2nd Wing of the Afghan Air Force ( AAF ) has a separate base within the airport ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Kandahar , Afghanistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kandahar', 'summary': 'Kandahar ( /ˈkɑːnðəˌhɑːr/ ) or Qandahar ( Pashto : کندهار ; Dari : قندهار ; known in older literature as Candahar ) is a city located in Afghanistan , with a population of about 614,118 . Kandahar is located in the south of the country on the Arghandab River , at an elevation of 1,010 m ( 3,310 ft ) . It is the capital of Kandahar Province , and also the center of the larger cultural region called Loy Kandahar . In 1709 , Mirwais Hotak made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar into the capital of the Hotak dynasty . In 1747 , Ahmad Shah Durrani , founder of the Durrani dynasty , made Kandahar the capital of the Afghan Empire . Kandahar is one of the most culturally significant cities of the Pashtuns and has been their traditional seat of power for more than 300 years . It is a major trading center for sheep , wool , cotton , silk , felt , food grains , fresh and dried fruit , and tobacco . The region produces fine fruits , especially pomegranates and grapes , and the city has plants for canning , drying , and packing fruit , and is a major source of marijuana and hashish en route to Tajikistan . The region around Kandahar is one of the oldest known human settlements . A major fortified city existed at the site of Kandahar , probably as early as c. 1000-750 BCE , and it became an important outpost of the Achaemenid ( Persian ) Empire in the 6th century BCE . Alexander the Great had laid-out the foundation of what is now Old Kandahar in the 4th century BC and gave it the Ancient Greek name Αλεξάνδρεια Aραχωσίας ( Alexandria of Arachosia ) . Many empires have long fought over the city due to its strategic location along the trade routes of southern , central and western Asia .'}]}, {'value': '31°30′21″N 065°50′52″E / 31.50583°N 65.84778°E / 31.50583 ; 65.84778 ( Kandahar Airfield & Inuksuk Memorial )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Airfield Memorial is dedicated to Canadians who have fallen in the War in Afghanistan and the Inuksuk to those Canadians , as well as other coalition members who were killed in fighting in Afghanistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–present)', 'summary': "The War in Afghanistan ( also called the US War in Afghanistan , Afghanistan War , or Fourth Anglo-Afghan War ) , code named Operation Enduring Freedom ( 2001-14 ) and Operation Freedom 's Sentinel ( 2015-present ) , following the United States invasion of Afghanistan of 7 October 2001 , when the United States of America and its allies successfully drove the Taliban from power in order to deny al-Qaeda a safe base of operations in Afghanistan . Since the initial objectives were completed , a coalition of over 40 countries ( including all NATO members ) formed a security mission in the country . The war has since mostly involved US and allied Afghan government troops battling Taliban insurgents . The war in Afghanistan is the longest war in US history . Following the September 11 attacks in 2001 on the US , which President George W. Bush blamed on Osama bin Laden who was living or hiding in Afghanistan and had already been wanted since 1998 , President Bush demanded that the Taliban , who were de facto ruling the country , hand over bin Laden . The Taliban declined to extradite him unless they were provided clear evidence of his involvement in the attacks , which the US refused to provide and dismissed as a delaying tactic and then on 7 October 2001 launched Operation Enduring Freedom with the United Kingdom . To justify the War , the Bush administration claimed that Afghanistan only had selective sovereignty , and that intervention was necessary because the Taliban threatened the sovereignty of other states . The two were later joined by other forces , including the Northern Alliance - the Afghan opposition which had been fighting the Taliban in the ongoing civil war since 1996 . By December 2001 , the Taliban and their al-Qaeda allies were mostly defeated in the country , and at the Bonn Conference new Afghan interim authorities ( mostly from the Northern Alliance ) elected Hamid Karzai to head the Afghan Interim Administration . The United Nations Security Council established the International Security Assistance Force ( ISAF ) to assist the new authority with securing Kabul , which after a 2002 loya jirga ( grand assembly ) became the Afghan Transitional Administration . A nationwide rebuilding effort was also made following the end of the totalitarian Taliban regime . In the popular elections of 2004 , Karzai was elected president of the country , now named the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Inukshuk', 'summary': 'An inuksuk ( plural inuksuit ) ( from the Inuktitut : ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ , plural ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ ; alternatively inukhuk in Inuinnaqtun , iñuksuk in Iñupiaq , inussuk in Greenlandic , and sometimes inukshuk in English ) is a manmade stone landmark or cairn built for use by the Inuit , Iñupiat , Kalaallit , Yupik , and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America . These structures are found in northern Canada , Greenland , and Alaska ( United States ) . This combined region , above the Arctic Circle , is dominated by the tundra biome and has areas with few natural landmarks . The inuksuk may historically have been used for navigation , as a point of reference , a marker for travel routes , fishing places , camps , hunting grounds , places of veneration , drift fences used in hunting , or to mark a food cache . The Iñupiat in northern Alaska used inuksuit to assist in the herding of caribou into contained areas for slaughter . Varying in shape and size , the inuksuit have ancient roots in Inuit culture . Historically , the most common types of inuksuk are built with stone placed upon stone . The simplest type is a single stone positioned in an upright manner . There is some debate as to whether the appearance of human- or cross-shaped cairns developed in the Inuit culture before the arrival of European missionaries and explorers . [ citation needed ] The size of some inuksuit suggest that the construction was often a communal effort . At Inuksuk Point ( Enukso Point ) on Baffin Island , there are more than 100 inuksuit . The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1969 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force', 'summary': "The International Security Assistance Force ( ISAF ) was a NATO-led military mission in Afghanistan , established by the United Nations Security Council in December 2001 by Resolution 1386 , as envisaged by the Bonn Agreement . Its main purpose was to train the Afghan National Security Forces ( ANSF ) and assist Afghanistan in rebuilding key government institutions , but was also engaged in the War in Afghanistan ( 2001-14 ) against the Taliban insurgency . ISAF was initially charged with securing Kabul and the surrounding areas from the Taliban , al Qaeda and factional warlords , to allow for the establishment of the Afghan Transitional Administration headed by Hamid Karzai . In October 2003 , the UN Security Council authorized the expansion of the ISAF mission throughout Afghanistan , and ISAF subsequently expanded the mission in four main stages over the whole of the country . From 2006 to 2011 , ISAF became increasingly involved in more intensive combat operations in southern and eastern Afghanistan . Troop contributors included the United States , United Kingdom , Canada , and other NATO member states as well as a number of other countries . The intensity of the combat faced by contributing nations varied greatly , with the United States sustaining the most casualties overall . In early 2010 , there were at least 700 military bases inside Afghanistan . About 400 of these were used by American - led NATO forces and 300 by the ANSF . ISAF ceased combat operations and was disbanded in December 2014 , with some troops remaining behind in an advisory role as part of ISAF 's successor organization , the Resolute Support Mission ."}]}, {'value': 'Malta Memorial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malta_Memorial', 'summary': "The Malta Memorial is a war memorial monument to the 2,298 Commonwealth aircrew who lost their lives in the various Second World War air battles and engagements around the Mediterranean , and who have no known grave . Because of its pivotal contribution to the air war in the Mediterranean , Malta was chosen for the location of the memorial . Built on land generously donated by the Government of Malta , it is located in the area of Floriana , to the south side of the Triton Fountain close to City Gate , the entrance to Malta 's capital city , Valletta . It was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II on 3 May 1954 . The Malta Memorial is identified by the gilded bronze golden eagle which surmounts the 15 m ( 49 ft ) column of Travertine marble , from Tivoli in the Sabine Hills near Rome . It is carved with a light netted pattern and surmounted by a gilded bronze eagle 2.4 m ( 7 ft 10 in ) high . The column stands on a circular base around which the names are inscribed on bronze panels . At the base of the column itself , a bronze panel bears the following inscription :"}]}, {'value': 'Floriana , Malta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Floriana', 'summary': "Floriana ( Maltese : Il-Furjana or Il-Floriana ) , also known by its title Borgo Vilhena , is a fortified town in the South Eastern Region area of Malta , just outside the capital city Valletta . It has a population of 2,205 as of March 2014 . Floriana is the birthplace of many famous Maltese , amongst which the composer of the national anthem , ' L-Innu Malti ' , Robert Samut ; former Bishop of Malta Dun Mauro Caruana , the poets Oliver Friggieri and Maria Grech Ganado , the writer and politician Herbert Ganado and Swedish Idol winner Kevin Borg ."}]}, {'value': '35°53′40.57″N 014°30′28.27″E / 35.8946028°N 14.5078528°E / 35.8946028 ; 14.5078528 ( Malta Memorial )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dedicated to Commonwealth aircrew ( including Canadians ) who fought , and lost their lives , in the Mediterranean during the Second World War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations', 'summary': "The Commonwealth of Nations , generally known simply as the Commonwealth , is a political association of 54 member states , mostly former territories of the British Empire . The chief institutions of the organisation are the Commonwealth Secretariat , which focuses on intergovernmental aspects , and the Commonwealth Foundation , which focuses on non-governmental relations between member states . The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with the decolonisation of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories . It was originally created as the British Commonwealth of Nations through the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference , and formalised by the United Kingdom through the Statute of Westminster in 1931 . The current Commonwealth of Nations was formally constituted by the London Declaration in 1949 , which modernised the community and established the member states as free and equal . The human symbol of this free association is the Head of the Commonwealth , currently Queen Elizabeth II , and the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting appointed Charles , Prince of Wales to be her designated successor , although the position is not technically hereditary . The Queen is the head of state of 16 member states , known as the Commonwealth realms , while 33 other members are republics and five others have different monarchs . Member states have no legal obligations to one another , but are connected through their use of the English language and historical ties . Their stated shared values of democracy , human rights and the rule of law are enshrined in the Commonwealth Charter and promoted by the quadrennial Commonwealth Games . The countries of the Commonwealth cover more than 29,958,050 km2 ( 11,566,870 sq mi ) , equivalent to 20% of the world 's land area , and span all six inhabited continents ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea', 'summary': 'The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean , surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land : on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia , on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant . Although the sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean , it is usually referred to as a separate body of water . Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago , the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years ( the Messinian salinity crisis ) before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago . It covers an area of about 2,500,000 km2 ( 970,000 sq mi ) , representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface , but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar - the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa - is only 14 km ( 9 mi ) wide . In oceanography , it is sometimes called the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea or the European Mediterranean Sea to distinguish it from mediterranean seas elsewhere . The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m ( 4,900 ft ) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m ( 17,280 ft ) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea . It lies between latitudes 30° and 46° N and longitudes 6° W and 36° E. Its west-east length , from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Iskenderun , on the southeastern coast of Turkey , is about 4,000 kilometres ( 2,500 mi ) . The sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times , facilitating trade and cultural exchange between peoples of the region . The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies . The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are Spain , France , Monaco , Italy , Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Albania , Greece , Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel , Egypt , Libya , Tunisia , Algeria , and Morocco ; Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea . In addition , the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia have coastlines on the sea .'}]}, {'value': 'Monument to Canadian Fallen ( Korean War Monument )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Korean_War', 'summary': 'The Korean War ( in South Korean Korean : 한국전쟁 ; Hanja : 韓國戰爭 ; RR : Hanguk Jeonjaeng , Korean War ; in North Korean Korean : 조국해방전쟁 ; Hanja : 祖國解放戰爭 ; MR : Choguk haebang chŏnjaeng , Fatherland Liberation War ; 25 June 1950 - 27 July 1953 ) [ b ] was a war between North Korea ( with the support of China and the Soviet Union ) and South Korea ( with the support of the United Nations , principally from the United States ) . The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea . At the end of World War II , the Soviet Union and the United States liberated Korea from imperial Japanese colonial control on 15 August 1945 . After the war had ended , Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into two zones of occupation , the Soviets administered the northern half and the Americans administered the southern half . With the border set at the 38th parallel in 1948 , two sovereign states were established as a result of geopolitical tensions of the Cold War ( between the Soviet Union and the United States ) . A socialist state was established in the north under the communist leadership of Kim Il-sung and a capitalist state in the south under the anti-communist leadership of Syngman Rhee . Both governments of the two new Korean states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea , and neither accepted the border as permanent . The conflict escalated into warfare when North Korean military ( KPA ) forces - supported by the Soviet Union and China - crossed the border and advanced into South Korea on 25 June 1950 . The United Nations Security Council authorized the formation of the United Nations Command and the dispatch of forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion . Twenty-one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force , with the United States providing around 90% of the military personnel . After the first two months of war , South Korean Army ( ROKA ) and the US forces rapidly dispatched to Korea were on the point of defeat . As a result , the ROKA and US troops retreated to a small area behind a defensive line known as the Pusan Perimeter .'}]}, {'value': 'United Nations Memorial Cemetery Busan , South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery', 'summary': 'The United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea ( UNMCK ; Korean : 재한유엔기념공원 ; RR : Jaehahn yuen ginyeomgongwon ) , located at Tanggok in the Nam District , City of Busan , [ nb 2 ] Republic of Korea , is a burial ground for United Nations Command ( UNC ) casualties of the Korean War . [ nb 3 ] It contains 2,300 graves and is the only United Nations cemetery in the world . Laid out over 14 hectares ( 35 acres ) , the graves are set out in 22 sites designated by the nationalities of the buried servicemembers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Busan', 'summary': "Busan ( Korean pronunciation : [ pusan ] ) , formerly romanized as Pusan and now officially Busan Metropolitan City , is South Korea 's second most-populous city after Seoul , with a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants . It is the economic , cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea , with its port - Korea 's busiest and the fifth-busiest in the world [ a ] - only about 190 kilometers ( 120 mi ) from the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Honshu . The surrounding Southeast Economic Zone ( including Ulsan and South Gyeongsang ) is South Korea 's largest industrial area . Busan is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county , together housing a population of approximately 3.6 million . The full metropolitan area , the Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region , has a population of approximately 8 million . The most densely built-up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong and the Suyeong Rivers , with mountains separating most of the districts . The Nakdong is Korea 's longest river and Busan 's Haeundae Beach is also the country 's largest . Busan is a center for international conventions , hosting APEC in 2005 . It is also a center for sports tournaments in Korea , having hosted the 2002 Asian Games and FIFA World Cup . It is home to the world 's largest department store , the Shinsegae Centum City . Busan was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Film in December 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '35°07′41″N 129°05′49″E / 35.12806°N 129.09694°E / 35.12806 ; 129.09694 ( United Nations Memorial Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Located where 378 Canadians are buried . An identical monument is in downtown Ottawa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Canadian Liberation Monument', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Canadian_Liberation_Monument', 'summary': 'The National Canadian Liberation Monument ( Dutch language : Nationaal Canadees Bevrijdingsmonument ) is a monument for the war in Apeldoorn , Netherlands , honouring the liberation of Holland . It features a sculpture Man with Two Hats by Henk Visch [ nl ] , which is identical to one in Commissioners Park in Ottawa . Coordinates : 52°13′37″N 5°56′46″E / 52.2270°N 5.9461°E / 52.2270 ; 5.9461'}]}, {'value': 'Apeldoorn , Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apeldoorn', 'summary': 'Apeldoorn ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈaːpəldoːrn ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands . It is a regional centre . The municipality of Apeldoorn , including villages like Beekbergen , Loenen , Ugchelen and Hoenderloo , had a population of 162,445 in 2019 . The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge , the eastern half lies in the IJssel valley .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands by Canadians , featuring the sculpture Man with Two Hats , identical to one in Ottawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Tulip_Festival', 'summary': "The Canadian Tulip Festival ( French : Festival Canadien des Tulipes ; Dutch : Canadees Festival van de Tulp ) is a tulip festival , held annually in May in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada . The festival claims to be the world 's largest tulip festival , displaying over one million tulips , with attendance of over 650,000 visitors annually . Large displays of tulips are planted throughout the city , and the largest display of tulips is found in Commissioners Park on the shores of Dow 's Lake , and along the Rideau Canal with 300,000 tulips planted there alone . Millions of tulips set the stage for a celebration of authentic art , cultural , historic , culinary and family tulip experiences at various official venues across the capital ."}]}], 'section_title': 'War memorials overseas -- Second World War – present', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Canadian_war_memorials_7', 'intro': "Canadian war memorials are buildings, monuments, and statues that commemorate the armed actions in the territory encompassing modern Canada, the role of the Canadian military in conflicts and peacekeeping operations, and Canadians who died or were injured in a war. Much of this military history of Canada is commemorated today with memorials across the country and around the world. Canadian memorials commemorate the sacrifices made as early as the Seven Years' War to the modern day War on Terror. As Newfoundland was a British Dominion until joining Confederation in 1949, there are several monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador and abroad which were dedicated to Newfoundland servicemen and women. There are currently 6,293 war memorials in Canada registered with the National Inventory of Military Memorials, which is under the Canadian Department of Veterans Affairs. There are also war memorials across the world, some of which are operated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, which are dedicated to Canada as well as the Commonwealth members. There currently are 17 in France, six in Belgium, four in the United Kingdom, two in Afghanistan and in South Korea and one each in Egypt, Hong Kong, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates."}
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What is the map location of the memorial to commemorate the sacrifice of the Canadian Forces during the Korean War that is specifically associated with the battle that took place 22-25 April 1951 ?
37°52′36.71″N 127°31′48.79″E / 37.8768639°N 127.5302194°E / 37.8768639 ; 127.5302194 ( Gapyeong Canada Monument )
feda1ca6ad1394ca
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Saskatchewan_Legislature', 'title': '6th Saskatchewan Legislature', 'header': ['Electoral district', 'Member elected', 'Party', 'Election date', 'Reason'], 'data': [{'value': 'Willow Bunch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willow_Bunch_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Willow Bunch is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centered on the rural municipality of Willow Bunch . This district was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 . The constituency was dissolved and combined with the Notukeu district ( as Notukeu-Willow Bunch ) before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the Wood River constituency . A federal electoral district in the same area called Willow Bunch existed from 1924 until 1935 .'}]}, {'value': 'James Albert Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Albert_Cross', 'summary': "James Albert Cross , DSO , QC ( December 11 , 1876 - March 1 , 1952 ) was a lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He was a soldier 's representative in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1917 to 1921 , then represented Regina City from 1921 to 1925 and Willow Bunch from 1925 to 1929 in the Saskatchewan assembly as a Liberal . He was born in Caledonia Springs , Ontario and went to Regina , Saskatchewan in 1898 , studying law with James Balfour and Frederick Haultain . Cross was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1905 and was named King 's Counsel in 1916 . He served four years on the Regina Public School board including one year as chairman . Cross served overseas during World War I and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order . He returned to the practice of law in 1919 . Cross served in the provincial cabinet as Attorney-General . He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1925 but was elected for Willow Bunch in a by-election held later that year . From 1939 to 1948 , Cross was chief commissioner for the Air Transport Board ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'August 31 , 1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Hindle resigned seat to allow Cross to be elected to assembly', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pipestone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pipestone_(Saskatchewan_electoral_district)', 'summary': "Pipestone was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . Located in southeastern Saskatchewan , this district was created as Whitewood before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . In 1908 the riding was redrawn and renamed Pipestone , after the Pipestone Creek that flowed through the district . This constituency was abolished before the 8th Saskatchewan general election in 1934 into Cannington , Moosomin and Qu'Appelle-Wolseley . It is now part of the Moosomin constituency ."}]}, {'value': 'William John Patterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_John_Patterson', 'summary': "William John Patterson ( May 13 , 1886 - June 10 , 1976 ) was a Liberal politician and Premier of Saskatchewan , Canada . He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 1921 election . He succeeded James G. Gardiner to become the province 's first Saskatchewan-born premier in 1935 . Patterson 's leadership was considered to be uninspired . [ according to whom ? ] He was unable to resist the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 's rise to power in the 1944 election under Tommy Douglas . Patterson 's Liberals were reduced to five seats in the Legislature . He resigned as Liberal leader in 1946 . Patterson served as the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan from 1951 to 1958 , becoming the first person to have been both Premier and lieutenant governor of the province ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'March 18 , 1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WJ Patterson ran for reelection after being named to cabinet', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prince Albert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prince_Albert_City', 'summary': 'Prince Albert City was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . This constituency was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . Renamed Prince Albert in 1917 , the district was dissolved before the 1967 Saskatchewan election and divided into Prince Albert West ( later Prince Albert-Duck Lake ) and Prince Albert East-Cumberland . It is now part of the constituencies of Prince Albert Northcote and Prince Albert Carlton .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Clayton Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Clayton_Davis', 'summary': "Thomas Clayton Davis ( September 6 , 1889 - January 21 , 1960 ) was a lawyer , judge , diplomat and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Prince Albert in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1925 to 1939 as a Liberal . He was born in Prince Albert , Saskatchewan ( then a district of the Northwest Territories ) , the son of Thomas Osborne Davis , and was educated there and at St. John 's College and Osgoode Hall . Davis then practised law in Prince Albert and later served two terms as alderman for the city ; he was mayor from 1921 to 1924 . Davis served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Municipal Affairs and as Attorney General . He helped convince William Lyon Mackenzie King to create Prince Albert National Park , which was opened in 1928 . In 1929 , Davis defeated John Diefenbaker to retain his seat in the provincial assembly . He resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1939 to become a judge in the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal . Davis ' judicial career ended in 1940 when he was named federal Deputy Minister of War Services ; however , he did not resign from the Court of Appeal until 1948 . He was named Canadian High Commissioner to Australia in 1943 and went on to serve as ambassador to China , Japan and West Germany . Davis retired from diplomatic service in 1957 , moving to Victoria ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'March 18 , 1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TC Davis ran for reelection after being named to cabinet', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Île-à-la-Crosse', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. Jules Marion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jules_Marion', 'summary': "Arthur Jules Marion ( November 19 , 1884 - April 5 , 1941 ) was a Métis politician and businessman . He was first elected as a Liberal MLA in the district of Île-à-la-Crosse in a by-election held in April 1926 after incumbent Joseph Octave Nolin died in office in December 1925 . Marion would later be re-elected in the then-recently redrawn district of Athabasca in 1938 . Notably , he had been earlier defeated in 1934 by Deakin Alexander Hall , who was also running Liberal . In July 1941 , a by-election was held to fill to the seat left vacant by Marion 's own death in office in April 1941 . Liberal Hubert Staines was elected to replace him . Marion 's son Louis Marcien Marion successfully ran in the next Saskatchewan general election , and served as MLA in Athabasca from 1944 to 1952 . Marion was the brother-in-law of federal Liberal Senator William Albert Boucher ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'April 26 , 1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JO Nolin died in office in December 1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moose Jaw County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moose_Jaw_County', 'summary': 'Moose Jaw County was a provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . The district was created as Moose Jaw before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . The riding was abolished into the districts of Gravelbourg , Bengough , Notukeu-Willow Bunch , and Milestone before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It was the constituency of Premier Charles Avery Dunning . It is now part of the Thunder Creek , Moose Jaw Wakamow , and Wood River constituencies .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Waddell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Waddell_(Saskatchewan_politician)', 'summary': 'Thomas Waddell ( April 26 , 1886 - 1948 ) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Moose Jaw County from 1926 to 1929 and from 1934 to 1938 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal . He was born in Hamilton , Scotland , the son of Thomas Waddell and Betsy Clarkson , and was educated there . Waddell came to Canada in 1906 . In 1913 , he married Helen Mary Wilkins . Waddell was reeve of the rural municipality of Sutton . He lived in Mossbank , Saskatchewan . He was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1926 by-election held after Charles Avery Dunning ran for a federal seat . Waddell was defeated by Sinclair Alexander Whittaker when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1929 ; he defeated Whittaker in the general election that followed in 1934 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'May 25 , 1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CA Dunning ran for federal seat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notukeu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notukeu_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Notukeu was a provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , located south of Old Wives Lake . This district was created before the 3rd provincial election in 1912 as Pinto Creek , after the rural municipality and the creek that flows through it . Redrawn and renamed Notukeu for the 1917 provincial election , the constituency was dissolved and combined with the Willow Bunch district ( as Notukeu-Willow Bunch ) before the 9th provincial election in 1938 . It is now part of the Wood River constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Alexander Lothian Grant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'June 1 , 1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G Spence ran for federal seat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kerrobert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerrobert_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Kerrobert is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada . Located in west-central Saskatchewan , this constituency was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 . The district was dissolved and combined with the former Kindersley riding ( as Kerrobert-Kindersley ) before the 9th Saskatchewan general election in 1938 . It is now part of the present-day Kindersley constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'Donald Laing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donald_Laing', 'summary': 'Donald Laing ( May 24 , 1883 - 1975 ) was a Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Kerrobert from 1926 to 1929 and from 1934 to 1938 and Kerrobert-Kindersley from 1938 to 1944 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal . He was born in Nairnshire , the son of Donald Laing and Ann Fraser , and was educated in Ardersier . Laing came to Canada in 1906 . In 1913 , he married Eleanor Brownell . He served as Reeve and was on the council for the rural municipality of Oakdale , also serving as reeve . Laing lived in Coleville , Saskatchewan . He was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1926 by-election held after John Albert Dowd resigned his seat . He was defeated by Robert Hanbidge when he ran for reelection to the assembly in 1929 ; Laing defeated Hanbridge in the general election that followed in 1934 . He was defeated by John Wellbelove when he ran for reelection in 1944 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'November 9 , 1926', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JA Dowd resigned seat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saskatoon City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatoon_City_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'From 1921 to 1967 Saskatoon City was one of three districts in the province that elected more than one representative to the Legislature . Thus , multiple MLAs elected from this constituency will be noted in bold type .'}]}, {'value': 'Howard McConnell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_McConnell', 'summary': "Howard McConnell ( January 27 , 1886 - October 9 , 1957 ) was a lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan , Canada . He represented Saskatoon City in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1927 to 1934 as a Conservative . He was born in Springbrook , Ontario and taught school for a short time before joining his parents in Saskatoon in 1907 . McConnell continued his studies at the University of Saskatchewan and Osgoode Hall , was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1916 and practised law in Saskatoon . In 1929 , he was named King 's Counsel . McConnell was mayor of Saskatoon in 1922 and 1923 . He was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1927 by-election . He served in the province 's Executive Council as Provincial Treasurer and Minister of Municipal Affairs . McConnell was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1934 and returned to his law practice . He served for 23 years in the senate for the University of Saskatchewan . He died in Saskatoon at the age of 71 ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progressive_Conservative_Party', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a right-of-centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . Prior to 1942 , it was known as the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan . Members are commonly known as Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'January 21 , 1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AP McNab named to local government board', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moose Jaw City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moose_Jaw_City', 'summary': 'Moose Jaw City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . This constituency existed from 1905 to 1967 when it was divided into Moose Jaw North and Moose Jaw South ( Wakamow ) . It was the riding of Opposition leader Wellington Willoughby . From 1921 to 1967 Moose Jaw City was one of three districts in the province that elected more than one representative to the Legislature . Thus , the two MLAs elected from this constituency will be noted in bold type .'}]}, {'value': 'William Gladstone Ross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Gladstone_Ross', 'summary': "William Gladstone Ross ( January 14 , 1889 - January 14 , 1948 ) was a lawyer and political figure in Saskatchewan . He represented Moose Jaw City from 1927 to 1929 and from 1934 to 1944 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal . He was born near Moose Jaw , the son of George M. Ross and Flora McGillivray , and was educated there and at Queen 's University . Ross then studied law and was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1915 . In the same year , he married Dorothea L. Scott . He served on the Moose Jaw City Council . In 1917 , Ross ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly . He was first elected in a 1927 by-election held after William Erskine Knowles was named a judge ; he was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1929 . Ross was president of the Moose Jaw Red Cross Society and served on the board of governors for the Moose Jaw General Hospital . After leaving politics , Ross was named to the Saskatchewan Court of King 's Bench . He died of cancer in Rochester , Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'May 17 , 1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WE Knowles named to bench', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morse_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Morse is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centered on the town of Morse , Saskatchewan . The district was created before the 3rd Saskatchewan general election in 1912 , and abolished before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995 . It was the riding of Premier Ross Thatcher . It is now part of the Lumsden-Morse , Swift Current , and Wood River constituencies .'}]}, {'value': 'Duncan Morris Robertson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'August 15 , 1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WP MacLachlan died in office', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maple Creek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maple_Creek_(provincial_electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Maple Creek is a former provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan , Canada , centered on the town of Maple Creek . This district was one of 25 created for the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905 . It was dissolved and merged with part of the Shaunavon riding before the 23rd Saskatchewan general election in 1995 to form the constituency of Cypress Hills . A federal electoral district in the same area existed from 1914 to 1953 .'}]}, {'value': 'George Spence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Spence_(Canadian_politician)', 'summary': 'George Spence , CBE ( October 25 , 1880 - March 4 , 1975 ) was a Canadian provincial and federal politician . Born in Birsay , Orkney Islands , Scotland , the son of Thomas Spence and Elizabeth Hunter , he studied electrical engineering at the Leith Academy Technical College and emigrated to Canada in 1900 to pan for gold in the Yukon . In 1903 , he moved to Austin , Manitoba where he was a farmer . In 1912 , he moved to Monchy , Saskatchewan . He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in 1917 for the riding of Notukeu . A Liberal , he was re-elected in 1921 and 1925 . He resigned his provincial seat in 1925 and was elected in the 1925 federal election in the riding of Maple Creek . A Liberal , he was re-elected in the 1926 federal election . He resigned his seat in 1927 to re-enter provincial politics , where he was appointed Minister of Railways . He was also Minister of Highways , Minister of Railways , Labour and Industries , Minister of Agriculture , and Minister of Public Works . He would serve until 1938 when he was appointed Director of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration . From 1947 to 1957 , he was a member of the International Joint Commission , an independent binational organization established by the United States and Canada under the International Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'December 1 , 1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PL Hyde resigned seat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arm River', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arm_River_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Arm River is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan , Canada . This constituency is located in south central Saskatchewan . Revived as a result of the 2013 revision of Saskatchewan 's electoral districts , it was last contested in the 2016 election . Arm River was originally created before the 2nd Saskatchewan general election in 1908 . The Representation Act , 2002 ( Saskatchewan ) merged this riding 's first incarnation with parts of the Watrous and Last Mountain-Touchwood ridings to form the riding of Arm River-Watrous . Arm River-Watrous was abolished by The Representation Act , 2013 ( Saskatchewan ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Frederick Waugh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Frederick_Waugh', 'summary': 'Dr. Thomas Frederick Waugh was a Canadian provincial politician . He was born in Warwick , Ontario . He attended school at Watford , Ontario , followed by Detroit Medical School , graduating in 1898 . After graduation , he moved to Park River , North Dakota . In 1907 he briefly moved to Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , working as a doctor as part of a partnership , before moving back to Park River . In 1911 he moved to Imperial , Saskatchewan , practicing as the village doctor . He also served as the first Overseer of the village when it was incorporated in 1911 . He was elected as the Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Arm River , from 1928 until 1929 . He was elected in a by-election , replacing long-time Liberal MLA and former Speaker of the Legislative Assembly George Adam Scott , but only served for seven months before the legislature was dissolved . In the next general election he lost out to the Conservative candidate , Duncan Selby Hutcheon . In the 1930s he moved to Mankota , Saskatchewan where he practiced as municipal doctor for a few years . He then retired , moving first to Victoria , BC , then to New York City .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatchewan_Liberal_Party', 'summary': 'The Saskatchewan Liberal Party is a centre political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It was originally the provincial affiliate of the Liberal Party of Canada and one of the two largest parties in the province , before being eclipsed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and , later , the Saskatchewan Party .'}]}, {'value': 'October 25 , 1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GA Scott resigned after being named income tax inspector', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'By-elections', 'section_text': 'By-elections were held to replace members for various reasons : [ 5 ]', 'uid': '6th_Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan_1', 'intro': 'The 6th Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the Saskatchewan general election held in June 1925. The assembly sat from December 3, 1925, to May 11, 1929. The Liberal Party led by Charles Avery Dunning formed the government. After Dunning entered federal politics in 1926, James Garfield Gardiner became Liberal party leader and Premier. Charles Tran, the leader of the Progressive Party, and James Thomas Milton Anderson, the leader of the Conservative Party, shared the role of opposition leader in the assembly. Walter George Robinson served as speaker for the assembly.'}
null
null
For the member elected with an election date in November , what is the constituency that his electoral district is now part of ?
Kindersley constituency
feda4492768cc751
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Sonne', 'title': 'Jonathan Sonne', 'header': ['Season', 'Event type', 'Location', 'Format', 'Date', 'Rank'], 'data': [{'value': '2002-03', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2002-03', 'summary': 'The 2002-03 Pro Tour season was the eighth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 24 August 2002 the season began with Grand Prix Sapporo . It ended on 10 August 2003 with the conclusion of the 2003 World Championship in Berlin . The season consisted of 21 Grand Prixs and 6 Pro Tours , held in Boston , Houston , Chicago , Venice , Yokohama , and Berlin . Also Master Series tournaments were held at four Pro Tours . At the end of the season Kai Budde was proclaimed Pro Player of the Year for the third time in a row .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27-29 September 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2005', 'summary': 'The 2005 Pro Tour season was the tenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 10 September 2004 the season began with Grand Prix Rimini . It ended on 4 December 2005 with the conclusion of the 2005 World Championship in Yokohama and was thus the longest Pro Tour season ever . The season consisted of 31 Grand Prixs and 7 Pro Tours , held in Columbus , Nagoya , Atlanta , Philadelphia , London , Los Angeles , and Yokohama . At the end of the season Kenji Tsumura was proclaimed Pro Player of the year as the first Japanese player . Also the first class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Jon Finkel , Darwin Kastle , Tommi Hovi , Alan Comer , and Olle Råde .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Austin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rochester Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9-10 October 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2005', 'summary': 'The 2005 Pro Tour season was the tenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 10 September 2004 the season began with Grand Prix Rimini . It ended on 4 December 2005 with the conclusion of the 2005 World Championship in Yokohama and was thus the longest Pro Tour season ever . The season consisted of 31 Grand Prixs and 7 Pro Tours , held in Columbus , Nagoya , Atlanta , Philadelphia , London , Los Angeles , and Yokohama . At the end of the season Kenji Tsumura was proclaimed Pro Player of the year as the first Japanese player . Also the first class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Jon Finkel , Darwin Kastle , Tommi Hovi , Alan Comer , and Olle Råde .'}]}, {'value': 'Nationals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Magic:_The_Gathering_national_champions', 'summary': 'The Magic : The Gathering national champions are the players who won National Championships ( Nationals ) that year . ( with the exception of champions between 2012-16 , which were awarded to players with the most Pro Points at the end of a Pro Tour season ) Nationals took place around the world usually in summer or autumn . Eligibility to play in a national championship was determined on residence instead of nationality . In addition , Nationals required eligible players to qualify . ( prior to 2011 , countries with smaller populations of Magic players open nationals were held , meaning that any eligible player could compete in this tournament ) After 2011 Nationals were discontinued by Wizards of the Coast when they restructured their Magic : The Gathering organized play program , abandoning national championships , and restructuring the World Championship . From 2012 to 2016 the title of National Champion was awarded to the player with the most Pro Points of any given country at the end of a Pro Tour season . At the end of 2018 Wizards of the Coast announced that in 2019 there would be no National Championships . As of April 2019 it is unclear whether Nationals are on hiatus or abandoned . The title National Champion will not be awarded in 2019 . In 2018 , National Champions were determined in 74 nations and regions . In most cases these regions line up with countries , but special exemptions were made in some cases , for example Puerto Rico and the countries of the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Standard and Booster Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12-14 August 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2005', 'summary': 'The 2005 Pro Tour season was the tenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 10 September 2004 the season began with Grand Prix Rimini . It ended on 4 December 2005 with the conclusion of the 2005 World Championship in Yokohama and was thus the longest Pro Tour season ever . The season consisted of 31 Grand Prixs and 7 Pro Tours , held in Columbus , Nagoya , Atlanta , Philadelphia , London , Los Angeles , and Yokohama . At the end of the season Kenji Tsumura was proclaimed Pro Player of the year as the first Japanese player . Also the first class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Jon Finkel , Darwin Kastle , Tommi Hovi , Alan Comer , and Olle Råde .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Legacy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12-13 November 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2005', 'summary': 'The 2005 Pro Tour season was the tenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 10 September 2004 the season began with Grand Prix Rimini . It ended on 4 December 2005 with the conclusion of the 2005 World Championship in Yokohama and was thus the longest Pro Tour season ever . The season consisted of 31 Grand Prixs and 7 Pro Tours , held in Columbus , Nagoya , Atlanta , Philadelphia , London , Los Angeles , and Yokohama . At the end of the season Kenji Tsumura was proclaimed Pro Player of the year as the first Japanese player . Also the first class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Jon Finkel , Darwin Kastle , Tommi Hovi , Alan Comer , and Olle Råde .'}]}, {'value': 'Worlds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_World_Championship', 'summary': "The Magic : The Gathering World Championships ( Worlds ) have been held annually since 1994 . It is the most important tournament in the game of Magic : The Gathering , offering cash prizes of up to $ 100,000 to the winners . With the exception of the first edition , Worlds is an invitation-only event , and from 1996 to 2011 World was the last event of each Pro Tour season . The invitees were mostly top finishers from the National championships , the top-ranked players of the DCI and high-level pro players . Since 2012 the World Championships are held after the season and the most successful 16 or 24 players have been invited to the tournament . After the first five World Championships were all held in the United States , Worlds have since been held in Japan , Australia and various countries in Europe . Besides the main event Worlds were always a huge gathering of Magic players , who came to watch the pros and compete in side events . After the 2011 season , the World Championship was briefly replaced by the Magic Players Championship . The top 16 pro players selected due to various criteria were invited to the Players Championship . In 2013 the tournament was renamed to 'World Championship ' once again . From 2014 to 2018 the tournament was expanded to 24 competitors , but is going back to 16 players for the 2019 Worlds . The large World Championships , held until 2011 , also included a national team portion where the top players from each National Championship engaged in a separate competition ."}]}, {'value': 'Yokohama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National team', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 November-4 December 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2006', 'summary': 'The 2006 Pro Tour season was the eleventh season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 18 December 2005 the season began with parallel Grand Prixs in Lille and Charlotte . It ended on 3 December 2006 with the conclusion of the 2006 World Championship in Paris . The season consisted of 22 Grand Prixs and 5 Pro Tours , held in Honolulu , Prague , Charleston , Kobe , and Paris . At the end of the season Shouta Yasooka from Japan was proclaimed Pro Player of the year . At the Worlds in Paris the second class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Bob Maher , Jr. , Dave Humpherys , Raphaël Lévy , Gary Wise , and Rob Dougherty .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond , Virginia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sealed and Booster Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-5 February 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2006', 'summary': 'The 2006 Pro Tour season was the eleventh season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 18 December 2005 the season began with parallel Grand Prixs in Lille and Charlotte . It ended on 3 December 2006 with the conclusion of the 2006 World Championship in Paris . The season consisted of 22 Grand Prixs and 5 Pro Tours , held in Honolulu , Prague , Charleston , Kobe , and Paris . At the end of the season Shouta Yasooka from Japan was proclaimed Pro Player of the year . At the Worlds in Paris the second class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Bob Maher , Jr. , Dave Humpherys , Raphaël Lévy , Gary Wise , and Rob Dougherty .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Madison , Wisconsin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Constructed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25-26 March 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2006', 'summary': 'The 2006 Pro Tour season was the eleventh season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 18 December 2005 the season began with parallel Grand Prixs in Lille and Charlotte . It ended on 3 December 2006 with the conclusion of the 2006 World Championship in Paris . The season consisted of 22 Grand Prixs and 5 Pro Tours , held in Honolulu , Prague , Charleston , Kobe , and Paris . At the end of the season Shouta Yasooka from Japan was proclaimed Pro Player of the year . At the Worlds in Paris the second class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Bob Maher , Jr. , Dave Humpherys , Raphaël Lévy , Gary Wise , and Rob Dougherty .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sealed and Booster Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-4 June 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2008', 'summary': 'The 2008 Pro Tour season was the thirteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 15 December 2007 , with Grand Prix Stuttgart , and ended on 14 December 2008 , with the 2008 World Championship in Memphis . The season consisted of twenty-one Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in Kuala Lumpur , Hollywood , Berlin , and Memphis . The Grand Prixs from June until August were designated Summer Series Grand Prixs , awarding more prizes and additional Pro Points . At the end of the season , Shuhei Nakamura became the fourth consecutive Japanese player to win Pro Player of the year . Dirk Baberowski , Michael Turian , Jelger Wiegersma , Olivier Ruel , and Ben Rubin were inducted into the Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15-16 March 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2008', 'summary': 'The 2008 Pro Tour season was the thirteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 15 December 2007 , with Grand Prix Stuttgart , and ended on 14 December 2008 , with the 2008 World Championship in Memphis . The season consisted of twenty-one Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in Kuala Lumpur , Hollywood , Berlin , and Memphis . The Grand Prixs from June until August were designated Summer Series Grand Prixs , awarding more prizes and additional Pro Points . At the end of the season , Shuhei Nakamura became the fourth consecutive Japanese player to win Pro Player of the year . Dirk Baberowski , Michael Turian , Jelger Wiegersma , Olivier Ruel , and Ben Rubin were inducted into the Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sealed and Booster Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18-19 October 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Achievements', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Jonathan_Sonne_0', 'intro': 'Jonathan Sonne is an American Magic: The Gathering player. He has reached the top eight of a Pro Tour once, and has won two Grand Prix. He was also part of the US national team that placed second at the World Championship in 2005.'}
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In 2008 , who were the people inducted in the Hall of Fame ?
Dirk Baberowski , Michael Turian , Jelger Wiegersma , Olivier Ruel , and Ben Rubin
fedaeca4299c1a16
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sports_films', 'title': 'List of sports films', 'header': ['Title', 'Year', 'Genre', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Spiker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spiker_(film)', 'summary': 'Spiker is an American 1986 sports drama film starring Michael Parks and directed by Roger Tilton .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Strict coach ( Michael Parks ) trains candidates for U.S. men 's volleyball team", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Parks', 'summary': "Michael Parks ( born Harry Samuel Parks ; April 24 , 1940 - May 9 , 2017 ) was an American singer and actor . He appeared in many films and made frequent television appearances , notably starring in the 1969-70 series Then Came Bronson , but was probably best known for his work in his later years with filmmakers such as Quentin Tarantino , David Lynch , Robert Rodriguez and Kevin Smith . As of 2018-2019 , Kevin Smith was producing a documentary on Michael 's life titled Long Lonesome Highway , The Story of Michael Parks . It stars James Parks , Kurt Russell , Haley Joel Osment , Robert Rodriguez , Leonard Maltin , Mickey Rourke , Justin Long , Wyatt Russell , Mark Frost , and more ."}]}, {'value': 'Side Out', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Side_Out', 'summary': 'Side Out is a 1990 American comedy-drama sports film about a beach volleyball competition , featuring C. Thomas Howell , Peter Horton , Harley Jane Kozak and Courtney Thorne-Smith . It was the last film from Aurora Productions due to many flops . The film was directed by Peter Israelson . The term side-out refers to an obsolete rule in volleyball under which the winning point could only be scored by the serving team . A side-out is now defined as when the receiving team earns the right to serve whether they get a point when they do so or not . Side-out can also refer to a type of scoring in a game of volleyball where only the serving team can score points .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California beach volleyball story starring C. Thomas Howell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C._Thomas_Howell', 'summary': 'Christopher Thomas Howell ( born December 7 , 1966 ) is an American actor and director . He has starred in the films Soul Man , The Hitcher , Grandview U.S.A. , Red Dawn , Secret Admirer and The Outsiders . He has also appeared in Gettysburg as Thomas Chamberlain , E.T . the Extra-Terrestrial , The Amazing Spider-Man , Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox and Suicide Squad : Hell to Pay .'}]}, {'value': 'The Iron Ladies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Iron_Ladies_(film)', 'summary': "The Iron Ladies ( Thai : สตรีเหล็ก or Satree lek ) is a 2001 Thai comedy film directed by Youngyooth Thongkonthun and written by Visuttchai Boonyakarnjawa and Jira Maligool . The film follows the true events of a men 's volleyball team , composed mainly of gay and kathoey ( transgender ) athletes . In 2003 , the combined sequel and prequel called The Iron Ladies 2 ( Satree lek 2 ) was released . The film is based upon how the characters of The Iron Ladies met , and how they would later reunite for another volleyball tournament ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Thailand film about a men 's ( and transgender ) volleyball team", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'The Iron Ladies 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sequel to the surprise hit about a gay volleyball team having troubles with their success and fame , and how they reunite after they split because of creative differences', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Air Bud : Spikes Back', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_Bud:_Spikes_Back', 'summary': 'Air Bud : Spikes Back ( also known as Air Bud 5 ) a 2003 direct to video film directed by Mike Southon . It is the fifth and final film in the original Air Bud series . The film series itself was followed by a spin-off series : the Air Buddies franchise . It was the only Air Bud movie not to include Kevin Zegers . It was released on June 24 , 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Family comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Direct-to-video film in the Air Bud series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_Bud_(series)', 'summary': "The Air Bud film series ( also known as Air Buddies or Disney Buddies ) is an American film franchise based on a sports-playing Golden Retriever named Buddy , portrayed by Air Buddy . The franchise began in 1997 with the theatrical release of Air Bud , followed by the theatrical release of Air Bud : Golden Receiver in 1998 . Following the box office failure of Golden Receiver , the rest of the films in the series were released in direct-to-video form . The Air Buddies or Disney Buddies spin-off series began in 2006 with the release of Air Buddies and it focuses on the adventures of Buddy 's talking Golden Retriever puppies . Disney Buddies is one of the top direct-to-DVD franchises , just behind Disney Fairies at $ 300 million , with the first 12 films grossing $ 220 million by March 2014 . As of now , there are fourteen movies in the franchise , including five in the Air Bud series , seven in the Air Buddies series , and two Christmas spin-offs of the Air Buddies series ."}]}, {'value': "All You 've Got", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/All_You've_Got", 'summary': "All You 've Got is a 2006 sport/drama film directed by Neema Barnette and starring stars Ciara Harris and Adrienne Bailon . The film debuted on MTV ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MTV story of rival girls volleyball players', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTV', 'summary': "MTV ( originally an initialism of Music Television ) is an 24-hour clock seven day one week of New York City-based American music channel launched on August 1 , 1981 , based in New York City that serves as the flagship property of the ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks division of ViacomCBS headquartered in New York City . MTV originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys ( VJs ) , but in the years since its inception , the network significantly toned down its focus on music in favor of original reality programming targeting teenagers and young adults . Despite its success , the network 's programming and influence have been the subject of controversy over the years . MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the U.S. and affiliated channels internationally , some of which have gone independent , with approximately 90.6 million American households in the United States receiving the channel as of January 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cloud 9', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cloud_9_(2006_film)', 'summary': 'Cloud 9 is a 2006 American direct-to-DVD sports comedy film starring Burt Reynolds that was written and produced by Brett Hudson , Burt Kearns and Academy Award-winning producer ( The Godfather , Million Dollar Baby ) Albert S. Ruddy . It was the last comedy in which Reynolds reprised and updated his role as the charming rascal made legendary in films like The Longest Yard and Smokey and the Bandit . The film was never released to cinemas ; instead , it went straight to DVD by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on January 3 , 2006 , and distributed on DVD around the world in territories including India , Japan , Poland , Brazil , Greece and Thailand .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comedy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burt Reynolds coaches volleyball-playing Malibu strippers at the beach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burt_Reynolds', 'summary': "Burton Leon Reynolds Jr. ( February 11 , 1936 - September 6 , 2018 ) was an American actor , director , and producer . He first rose to prominence when he starred in several different television series such as Gunsmoke ( 1962-1965 ) , Hawk ( 1966 ) , and Dan August ( 1970-1971 ) . Although Reynolds had leading roles in such films as Navajo Joe ( 1966 ) , his breakthrough role was as Lewis Medlock in Deliverance ( 1972 ) . Reynolds played the leading role in a number of subsequent box office hits , such as The Longest Yard ( 1974 ) , Smokey and the Bandit ( 1977 ) , Semi-Tough ( 1977 ) , The End ( 1978 ) , Hooper ( 1978 ) , Starting Over ( 1979 ) , Smokey and the Bandit II ( 1980 ) , The Cannonball Run ( 1981 ) , Sharky 's Machine ( 1981 ) , The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas ( 1982 ) , and Cannonball Run II ( 1984 ) . Reynolds was voted the world 's number one box office star for five consecutive years ( from 1978 to 1982 ) in the annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll , a record he shares with Bing Crosby . After a number of box office failures , Reynolds returned to television , starring in the sitcom Evening Shade ( 1990-1994 ) . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Boogie Nights ( 1997 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Impact Point', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thriller', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beach volleyball player might have a murderer after her', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Green Flash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Green_Flash_(film)', 'summary': 'Green Flash ( 2008 ) , also known as Beach Kings , is a comedy-drama film starring David Charvet , Torrey DeVitto and Kristin Cavallari . Other stars of the film include Bree Turner , Christine Adams , Wilson Cruz and Matt Prokop . The film was directed by Paul Nihipali Jr. and produced by Joseph Barmettler , Cameron Dieterich and Bob Smiland . Shot in Los Angeles , Las Vegas , Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach , it was released on June 5 , 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frustrated basketball player tries his hand at volleyball', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beach Spike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beach_Spike', 'summary': 'Beach Spike ( Yit long kau oi jin 熱浪球愛戰 ) is a 2011 Hong Kong film directed by Tony Tang . The film involves a female beach volleyball teams with martial arts skills . It has a proposed cast of veteran actors Bolo Yeung and Ronald Cheng along with the female leads of Theresa Fu , Chrissie Chau , Phoenix Chou and Ankie Beilke .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hong Kong film combining martial arts and beach volleyball', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Miracle Season', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Miracle_Season', 'summary': "The Miracle Season is a 2018 American drama film directed by Sean McNamara and starring Erin Moriarty , Helen Hunt , William Hurt , and Danika Yarosh . The film is based on the true story of the Iowa City West High School volleyball team after the sudden death of the team 's heart and leader , Caroline Found , in 2011 . It was released in the United States on April 6 , 2018 . The film received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed $ 10 million worldwide ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drama', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Based on the 2011 girls ' season of Iowa City West High School , attempting to defend a state title after the death of its star setter in a moped accident", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_City_West_High_School', 'summary': 'Iowa City West High School is a public high school in Iowa City , Iowa . It serves grades 9-12 for the Iowa City Community School District .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Iowa_Girls_High_School_Athletic_Union', 'summary': "The Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union ( IGHSAU ) is the governing body for girls ' junior and senior high school sports in the U.S. state of Iowa . The association promotes and regulates interscholastic sports among its member schools . Though its counterpart for boys sports in Iowa , the Iowa High School Athletic Association , is a full-time member of the National Federation of State High School Associations , the IGHSAU is only an affiliate member . It is headquartered at 5000 Westown Parkway , Suite 150 , West Des Moines , Iowa 50266 . Sports currently overseen by the IGHSAU are basketball , bowling , cross country , golf , soccer , softball , swimming & diving , track and field , tennis , and volleyball . Sports previously overseen by the IGHSAU were gymnastics , synchronized swimming , and indoor track and field ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Volleyball', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_sports_films_61', 'intro': 'This compilation of films covers all sports activities. Sports films have been made since the era of silent films, such as the 1915 film The Champion starring Charlie Chaplin. Films in this genre can range from serious (Raging Bull) to silly (Horse Feathers). A classic theme for sports films is the triumph of an individual or team who prevail despite the difficulties, standard elements of melodrama.'}
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Who was the director of the earliest film ?
Roger Tilton
fedaff589169d418
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_ACB', 'title': 'Liga ACB', 'header': ['Team', 'Home city', 'Arena', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Barça', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona_Bàsquet', 'summary': "FC Barcelona Bàsquet ( English : FC Barcelona Basketball ) , commonly referred to as FC Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional basketball club . It is a part of the FC Barcelona multi sports club , and was founded on 24 August 1926 , which makes it the oldest club in the Liga ACB . The club competes domestically in the Liga ACB and in the EuroLeague . Two times European champions , Barça completed a triple crown in 2003 by winning the season 's league , cup and EuroLeague . The team plays its home games at Palau Blaugrana , which was opened on 23 October 1971 . They share the facilities with the roller hockey , futsal , and handball teams of the club . Some of the well-known players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol , Rony Seikaly , Marc Gasol , Anderson Varejão , Juan Carlos Navarro , Jaka Lakovič , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Dejan Bodiroga , Gianluca Basile , Ricky Rubio , Juan Antonio San Epifanio , Saša Đorđević , and Tony Massenburg . FC Barcelona also has a reserve team , called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B , that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro ."}]}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona', 'summary': "Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre ."}]}, {'value': 'Palau Blaugrana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palau_Blaugrana', 'summary': "Palau Blaugrana ( Catalan pronunciation : [ pəˈlaw ˌβlawˈɣɾanə ] , meaning in English Blue and deep red Palace ) is an arena in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain , belonging to FC Barcelona . The 7,585 seating capacity arena is home to the basketball , handball , roller hockey , and futsal divisions of FC Barcelona . Palau Blaugrana is located between Mini Estadi and the Camp Nou . There 's also an awards showcase and pro-shop inside ."}]}, {'value': '7,585', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baxi Manresa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bàsquet_Manresa', 'summary': "Bàsquet Manresa , S.A.D. , , also known as Baxi Manresa for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball club based in Manresa , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB . Their home arena is the Pavelló Nou Congost . Bàsquet Manresa has won the Spanish Championship once , in 1998 . Joan Chichi Creus is the team 's most decorated player ; he was the Spanish Cup Most Valuable Player in 1996 , and the ACB Finals MVP two years later . Some others well known players that had played for Bàsquet Manresa are Juan Domingo de la Cruz , Roger Esteller , Derrick Alston , Serge Ibaka , Andrés Nocioni , Rolando Frazer , and the Basketball Hall of Famer George Gervin , that at the age of 38 spent one year in the team , averaging 23.1 points and helping them to avoid the relegation from the Spanish top division ."}]}, {'value': 'Manresa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manresa', 'summary': "Manresa ( Catalan pronunciation : [ mənˈrɛzə ] ) is the capital of the Comarca of Bages , located in the geographic centre of Catalonia , and crossed by the river Cardener . It is an industrial area with textile , metallurgical , and glass industries . The houses of Manresa are arranged around the basilica of Santa Maria de la Seu . Saint Ignatius of Loyola stopped to pray in the town on his way back from Montserrat in 1522 . He also read in solitude in a cave near the town for a year , which contributed to the formulation of his Spiritual Exercises . As such , the town is a place of pilgrimage for Catholics . It is believed the comarcal name Bages comes from a corruption of the Latin Bacchus due to the extensive production of wine in the area . The wine was grown mainly in terraced vineyards , and many of these old terraces can be seen today . Wine ceased to be the main product of the area as a consequence of phylloxera , but is still a very important part of the Manresa/Bages economy . During the Napoleonic invasion , the volunteer troops of Manresa ( sometent in Catalan language ) defeated the French troops in the Bruch Pass ( June 1808 ) , but the retreating French burned and demolished much of the town . After the expulsion of Napoleon 's troops , Manresans rebuilt the town using the rubble ."}]}, {'value': 'Nou Congost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavelló_Nou_Congost', 'summary': 'It was opened in September 1992 with the celebration of the XIII edition of the Catalan basketball league . The installation replaced the old Pavelló Congost that had become obsolete and did not fulfill the regulations of the ACB . The old Congost was opened in 1968 after the promotion of the club to the Liga Nacional . At present , this installation is used for training . Previously in this pavilion the club played their matches on an uncovered track placed beside the football field of the Pujolet .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Casademont Zaragoza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basket_Zaragoza', 'summary': 'Basket Zaragoza 2002 S.A.D. , more commonly referred to as Basket Zaragoza and as Casademont Zaragoza for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball club based in Zaragoza , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB . Their home arena is the Pabellón Príncipe Felipe .'}]}, {'value': 'Zaragoza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zaragoza', 'summary': "Zaragoza [ a ] ( also called Saragossa [ b ] in English ) is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon , Spain . It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries , the Huerva and the Gállego , roughly in the center of both Aragon and the Ebro basin . On 1 January 2019 the population of the city of Zaragoza was 706,904 , within its administrative limits on a land area of 1,062.64 square kilometres ( 410.29 square miles ) , ranking fifth in Spain . It is the 32nd most populous municipality in the European Union . The population of the metropolitan area was estimated in 2006 at 783,763 inhabitants . The municipality is home to more than 50 percent of the Aragonese population . The city lies at an elevation of 199 metres ( 653 feet ) above sea level . Zaragoza hosted Expo 2008 in the summer of 2008 , a world 's fair on water and sustainable development . It was also a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2012 . The city is famous for its folklore , local gastronomy , and landmarks such as the Basílica del Pilar , La Seo Cathedral and the Aljafería Palace . Together with La Seo and the Aljafería , several other buildings form part of the Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Fiestas del Pilar are among the most celebrated festivals in Spain ."}]}, {'value': 'Pabellón Príncipe Felipe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pabellón_Príncipe_Felipe', 'summary': 'Pabellón Príncipe Felipe is an arena in Zaragoza , Spain . Opened on 17 April 1990 , the arena holds 10,744 people . It is primarily used for basketball ( home of Basket Zaragoza ) and handball ( home of Caja3 Aragón ) .'}]}, {'value': '10,744', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Club Joventut Badalona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Joventut_Badalona', 'summary': "Club Joventut de Badalona , S.A.D . ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈklub ʒuβənˈtud bəðəˈlonə ] ) is a Spanish professional basketball club based in Badalona , Spain , playing in the Liga ACB and the EuroCup . Known to their fans as La Penya ( in English , The Club ) , it is one of only three teams that have never been relegated from the top division of the Spanish League . The only other two are Real Madrid and Estudiantes . In 1994 , Badalona was the champion of the FIBA European Champions ' Cup , which is now called the EuroLeague . Well-known players have included : Zoran Slavnić , Jordi Villacampa , Rafael Jofresa , Raül López , Rudy Fernández , Ricky Rubio and Joe Galvin ."}]}, {'value': 'Badalona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Badalona', 'summary': 'Badalona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ bəðəˈlonə ] ) is a municipality to the immediate north east of Barcelona in Catalonia , Spain . It is located on the left bank of the small Besòs River and on the Mediterranean Sea , in the Barcelona metropolitan area . By population , it is the third largest city in Catalonia and the twenty-third in Spain . It became a city in 1897 .'}]}, {'value': "Palau Municipal d'Esports", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Palau_Municipal_d'Esports_de_Badalona", 'summary': "Palau Municipal d'Esports de Badalona , most frequently called the Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona is an arena in the Gorg area of Badalona , Catalonia , Spain . The arena holds 12,760 people , and it is primarily used for basketball , though it 's also an habitual home for music concerts and other municipal events ."}]}, {'value': '12,760', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coosur Real Betis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Betis_Baloncesto', 'summary': 'Real Betis Baloncesto S.A.D. , also known as Coosur Real Betis for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team based in Seville , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB . It plays its home games at San Pablo .'}]}, {'value': 'Seville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seville', 'summary': "Seville ( /səˈvɪl/ ; Spanish : Sevilla [ seˈβiʎa ] ( listen ) ) is a Spanish city , the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville . It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir , in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula . Seville has a municipal population of about 690,000 as of 2016 [ update ] , and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million , making it the largest city in Andalusia , the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 30th most populous municipality in the European Union . Its old town , with an area of 4 square kilometres ( 2 sq mi ) , contains three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Alcázar palace complex , the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies . The Seville harbour , located about 80 kilometres ( 50 miles ) from the Atlantic Ocean , is the only river port in Spain [ citation needed ] . Seville experiences high temperatures in the Summer , with daily maximums routinely above 35 °C ( 95 °F ) in July and August . Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis . It became known as Ishbiliyya after the Muslim conquest in 712 . During the Muslim rule in Spain , Seville came under the jurisdiction of the Caliphate of Córdoba before becoming the independent Taifa of Seville ; later it was ruled by the Muslim Almoravids and the Almohads until finally being incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III in 1248 . After the discovery of the Americas , Seville became one of the economic centres of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contratación ( House of Trade ) wielded its power , opening a Golden Age of arts and literature . In 1519 , Ferdinand Magellan departed from Seville for the first circumnavigation of the Earth . Coinciding with the Baroque period of European history , the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city 's culture ; then began a gradual economic and demographic decline as silting in the Guadalquivir forced the trade monopoly to relocate to the nearby port of Cádiz ."}]}, {'value': 'San Pablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palacio_Municipal_de_Deportes_San_Pablo', 'summary': 'Palacio Municipal De Deportes San Pablo is an arena in Seville , Spain . Built in 1988 , it is primarily used for basketball and the home arena of CB Sevilla . The arena can hold up to 10,200 people .'}]}, {'value': '7,242', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Herbalife Gran Canaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CB_Gran_Canaria', 'summary': 'Club Baloncesto Gran Canaria - Claret , S.A.D. , also known as Herbalife Gran Canaria by sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball club based in Las Palmas , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB . Their home arena is the Gran Canaria Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Las Palmas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_Palmas', 'summary': 'Las Palmas ( UK : /ˌlæs ˈpælməs , - ˈpɑːl-/ , US : /ˌlɑːs ˈpɑːlməs , -mɑːs/ ; Spanish : [ las ˈpalmas ] ) , officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , [ a ] is a city and capital of Gran Canaria island , in the Canary Islands , on the Atlantic Ocean . It is the capital ( jointly with Santa Cruz de Tenerife ) , the most populous city in the autonomous community of the Canary Islands , and the ninth-largest city in Spain with a population of 383,308 in 2010 . It is also the fifth-most populous urban area in Spain and ( depending on sources ) ninth- or tenth-most populous metropolitan area in Spain . Las Palmas is located in the northeastern part of the island of Gran Canaria , about 150 km ( 93 mi ) off the Moroccan coast in the Atlantic Ocean . Las Palmas experiences a hot desert climate , [ note 1 ] offset by the local cooler Canary Current , with warm temperatures throughout the year . It has an average annual temperature of 21.2 °C ( 70.2 °F ) . According to a study carried out by Thomas Whitmore , director of research on climatology at Syracuse University in the U.S. , Las Palmas enjoys the best climate in the world . The city was founded in 1478 , and considered the de facto ( without legal recognition ) capital of the Canary Islands until the seventeenth century . It is the home of the Canarian Ministry of Presidency ( shared in a four-year term with Santa Cruz de Tenerife ) , as well as half of the ministries and boards of the Canarian government , and the High Court of Justice of the Canary Islands .'}]}, {'value': 'Gran Canaria Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gran_Canaria_Arena', 'summary': "Gran Canaria Arena , originally known as Palacio Multiusos de Gran Canaria , is an indoor sporting arena located in Las Palmas , Canary Islands , Spain . The arena , opened in 2014 by Mariano Rajoy , has a capacity of 11,470 spectators and is the home arena of CB Gran Canaria . The first game in Gran Canaria Arena was the game of the 28th round of the 2013-14 ACB season between Herbalife Gran Canaria and FC Barcelona , played on 1 May 2014 . The arena hosted of the groups of the main round of the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup and the basketball 's Copa del Rey in February 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '9,870', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iberostar Tenerife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CB_1939_Canarias', 'summary': 'Club Cantera Base 1939 Canarias S.A.D. , also known as Iberostar Tenerife for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team based in San Cristóbal de La Laguna , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB and the Champions League . Their home arena is the Santiago Martín .'}]}, {'value': 'San Cristóbal de La Laguna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Cristóbal_de_La_Laguna', 'summary': "San Cristóbal de La Laguna ( commonly known as La Laguna , Spanish pronunciation : [ saŋ kɾisˈtoβal de la laˈɣuna ] ) is a city and municipality in the northern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife , on the Canary Islands ( Spain ) . The city is the third-most populous city of the archipelago and the second-most populous city of the island . La Laguna 's historical center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999 . In 2003 the municipality started an ambitious Urban Plan to renew this area , that was carried out by the firm AUC S.L . ( Arquitectura Urbanismo y Cooperación ) . The city was the ancient capital of the Canary Islands . La Laguna lies right alongside the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife , thus the two cities and municipalities form a single large urban center , linked by tram . The city is home to the University of La Laguna which is home to 30,000 students ; these are not included in the population figures for the city . La Laguna is considered to be the cultural capital of the Canary Islands . Also there is in the habit of being calling the Ciudad de los Adelantados , for having been the first university city of the archipelago . Its economy is business-oriented while agriculture dominates the northeastern portion of the city . The urban area dominates the central and the southern parts ."}]}, {'value': 'Santiago Martín', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pabellón_Insular_Santiago_Martín', 'summary': 'Pabellón Insular Santiago Martín is an indoor arena that is located in San Cristóbal de La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain . It is primarily used for basketball games , and is the home arena of the Spanish professional basketball club , Iberostar Tenerife of the Liga ACB .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirolbet Baskonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saski_Baskonia', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Saski-Baskonia , S.A.D. , commonly known as Saski Baskonia ( pronounced [ s̺as̺ki bas̺konia ] ) and as Kirolbet Baskonia for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team that is based in Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague . Historically , Baskonia has been a successful team in Spain , winning three ACB championships , six Spanish Cups and four Spanish Supercups . On the European level , Baskonia is one of the most important teams as it is present in the EuroLeague since 2000-01 season . Baskonia has been runners-up of the EuroLeague twice , in 2001 and 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vitoria-Gasteiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz', 'summary': "Vitoria-Gasteiz ( /vɪˌtɔːriə ɡɑːˈsteɪs/ ; Spanish : [ biˈtoɾja ] ; Basque : [ ɡas̺teis̻ ] ) is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and of the province of Araba/Álava in southern Euskal Herria . It holds the autonomous community 's House of Parliament , the headquarters of the Government , and the Lehendakari 's ( Prime Minister 's ) official residency . The municipality - which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around - is the largest in the Basque Country , with a total area of 276.81 km2 ( 106.88 sq mi ) , and it has a population of 252,571 people ( May 2019 ) . The dwellers of Vitoria-Gasteiz are called vitorianos or gasteiztarrak , while traditionally they are dubbed babazorros ( Basque for 'bean sacks ' ) . Vitoria-Gasteiz is a multicultural city with strengths in healthcare , aeronautics , vehicle industry , and gastronomy . It is consistently ranked as one of the 5 best places to live in Spain , it is the first Spanish municipality to be awarded the title of European Green Capital ( in 2012 ) and it has been also recognized by the UN with the Global Green City Award ( in 2019 ) . The old town has some of the best preserved medieval streets and plazas in the region and it is one of very few cities with two Cathedrals . The city also holds well known festivals such as the Azkena rock festival , FesTVal , Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival , and the Virgen Blanca Festivities . Vitoria-Gasteiz 's vicinity is home to world-renowned wineries such as Ysios ( by Santiago Calatrava ) and the Marqués de Riscal Hotel ( by Frank Gehry ) ; relevant heritage sites including the Neolithic remains of Aizkomendi , Sorginetxe and La chabola de la Hechicera ; Iron Age remains such as the settlements of Lastra and Buradón ; antique remains such as the settlement of La Hoya and the salt valley of Añana ; and countless medieval fortresses such as the Tower of Mendoza and the Tower of Varona . Beethoven dedicated his Opus 91 , often called the Battle of Vitoria or Wellington 's Victory , to one of the most famous events of the Napoleonic Wars : the Battle of Vitoria , in which a Spanish , Portuguese and British army under the command of General the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army and nearly captured the puppet king Joseph Bonaparte . It was a pivotal point in the Peninsular War , and a precursor to the expulsion of the French from Spain . A memorial statue can be seen today in Virgen Blanca Square ."}]}, {'value': 'Fernando Buesa Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fernando_Buesa_Arena', 'summary': 'Fernando Buesa Arena is an indoor sports arena in Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain . It is primarily used for basketball and is the home arena of Saski Baskonia .'}]}, {'value': '15,504', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monbus Obradoiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Obradoiro_CAB', 'summary': 'Obradoiro Clube de Amigos do Baloncesto ( lit , Obradoiro Friends of Basketball Club ) , also known as Monbus Obradoiro for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team based in Santiago de Compostela , Galicia . They currently compete in the ACB League .'}]}, {'value': 'Santiago de Compostela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela', 'summary': "Santiago de Compostela [ a ] ( or Saint James of Compostella in English ) is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia , in northwestern Spain . The city has its origin in the shrine of Saint James the Great , now the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela , as the destination of the Way of St. James , a leading Catholic pilgrimage route since the 9th century . In 1985 , the city 's Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': 'Multiusos Fontes do Sar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavillón_Multiusos_Fontes_do_Sar', 'summary': 'Pavillón Multiusos Fontes do Sar ( English : Multi-purpose Pavilion Fontes do Sar ) is a multi-purpose sports arena in Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain . It is owned and operated by Santiago de Compostela city council . The arena serves as the home of the futsal team Santiago Futsal as well as that of the basketball team Obradoiro CAB .'}]}, {'value': '6,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montakit Fuenlabrada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baloncesto_Fuenlabrada', 'summary': 'Baloncesto Fuenlabrada , S.A.D. , also known as Montakit Fuenlabrada by sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team based in Fuenlabrada , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB and plays their home games at Fernando Martín .'}]}, {'value': 'Fuenlabrada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fuenlabrada', 'summary': "Fuenlabrada ( Spanish pronunciation : [ fwenlaˈβɾaða ] ) is a city and municipality in the Community of Madrid , Spain . It is to the south of the region , 22.5 km from the Madrid . As of 2018 [ update ] , it has a population of 193,586 , making it the region 's fourth most populated municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Fernando Martín', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Polideportivo_Fernando_Martín', 'summary': 'Pabellón Polideportivo Municipal Fernando Martin is an arena in Fuenlabrada , Madrid Province , Spain . Opened in September 1991 , and named for the Spanish basketball player Fernando Martín Espina , the arena has a seating capacity for 5,700 people . It is primarily used for basketball and is the home arena of Alta Gestión Fuenlabrada . During the group stages of 1991-92 Euroleague , the arena was home to Serbian club KK Partizan , which was forbidden by FIBA from playing its home games on home soil due to the war that was starting in SFR Yugoslavia .'}]}, {'value': '5,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MoraBanc Andorra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BC_Andorra', 'summary': "Bàsquet Club Andorra S.A. , also known as MoraBanc Andorra for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team that is based in Andorra la Vella , Andorra . Though based in Andorra , the club plays in the Spanish basketball league system . The team plays in the Liga ACB with home games played at the Poliesportiu d'Andorra . From 1992 to 1996 , BC Andorra played in the top league , the Liga ACB and also the Korać Cup during the 1995-96 season . After being relegated and playing one season in LEB league , the club resigned to its berth and came back to regional competitions . The club returned to Liga ACB in 2014 , 18 years after its last appearance ."}]}, {'value': 'Andorra la Vella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella', 'summary': 'Andorra la Vella ( UK : /ænˌdɔːrə lə ˈveɪjə/ , US : /- lɑː ˈveɪljə/ ; Catalan pronunciation : [ ənˈdorə lə ˈβeʎə ] , Spanish : Andorra la Vieja , French : Andorre-la-Vieille ) is the capital of the Principality of Andorra . It is located high in the east Pyrenees , between France and Spain . It is also the name of the parish that surrounds the capital . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city has a population of 22,886 , and the urban area , which includes Escaldes-Engordany plus satellite villages , has over 40,000 inhabitants . The principal industry is tourism , although the country also earns foreign income from being a tax haven . Furniture and brandies are local products . Being at an elevation of 1,023 m ( 3,356 ft ) , it is the highest capital city in Europe and a popular ski resort .'}]}, {'value': 'M.I . Govern Andorra', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Poliesportiu_d'Andorra", 'summary': "Poliesportiu d'Andorra , also known as Poliesportiu de Govern , is an indoor sporting arena located in Andorra la Vella , Andorra ."}]}, {'value': '5,005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movistar Estudiantes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CB_Estudiantes', 'summary': 'Club Estudiantes , S.A.D. , known as Movistar Estudiantes for sponsorship reasons , is a basketball team based in the city of Madrid , Spain . It is a member of the Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto ( ACB ) . Founded in 1948 , it is one of the most recognized basketball teams in Spain . Some of its achievements include winning three Spanish Cups and reaching the ACB Finals in 2004 . The club is also particularly famous for its renowned youth programme that has produced many Spanish talents over the years such as Alberto Herreros , Nacho Azofra , Aíto García Reneses , Alfonso Reyes , Felipe Reyes , Carlos Jiménez , Iñaki de Miguel or Pepu Hernández .'}]}, {'value': 'Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrid', 'summary': "Madrid ( /məˈdrɪd/ , Spanish : [ maˈðɾið ] ) [ n. 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of Spain . The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the second-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) , surpassed only by Berlin , and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU , smaller only than Paris . The municipality covers 604.3 km2 ( 233.3 sq mi ) . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People 's Party . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe . It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , IAG or Repsol . Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2017 index ."}]}, {'value': 'WiZink Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palacio_de_Deportes_de_la_Comunidad_de_Madrid', 'summary': "Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid ( English : Sports Palace in the Regional Community of Madrid ) , officially WiZink Center since November 2016 for sponsorship reasons , is an indoor sporting arena located in Madrid , Spain . The former building , which was built in 1960 , was destroyed by a fire in 2001 . Architects Enrique Hermoso and Paloma Huidobro projected a High-Tech style new arena that was built at the same location between 2002 and 2005 . The arena hosted two major international basketball events in the first decade of the 21st century - the knockout stage of EuroBasket 2007 and the EuroLeague 's Final Four 2008 . It also hosted the final stage of the Copa del Rey of basketball in 2006 , 2009 , 2011 and 2019 . The arena was the finals venue for the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup and the Euroleague Final Four 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '13,109', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto', 'summary': "Real Madrid Baloncesto ( English : Real Madrid Basketball ) is a Spanish professional basketball team that was founded in 1931 , as a division of the Real Madrid CF multi sports club . They play domestically in the Liga ACB , and internationally in the EuroLeague . As successful as the Real Madrid athletic association 's football club , the basketball team has been the most successful of its peers in both Spain and Europe . The Real Madrid squads have won a record 35 Spanish League championships , including in 7-in-a-row and 10-in-a-row sequences . They have also won a record 28 Spanish Cup titles , a record 10 EuroLeague Championships , and a record 4 Saporta Cups . Madrid has also won a record 5 Intercontinental Cups , and they have also won 3 Triple Crowns . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Arvydas Sabonis , Dražen Petrović , Rudy Fernández , Serge Ibaka , Dražen Dalipagić , Nikola Mirotić , Juan Antonio Corbalán , Fernando Martín , Alberto Herreros , Dejan Bodiroga , and Luka Dončić . Real Madrid also has a developmental basketball team that plays in the amateur level Spanish 4th-tier Liga EBA , called Real Madrid B ."}]}, {'value': 'Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrid', 'summary': "Madrid ( /məˈdrɪd/ , Spanish : [ maˈðɾið ] ) [ n. 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of Spain . The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the second-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) , surpassed only by Berlin , and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU , smaller only than Paris . The municipality covers 604.3 km2 ( 233.3 sq mi ) . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People 's Party . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe . It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , IAG or Repsol . Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2017 index ."}]}, {'value': 'WiZink Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palacio_de_Deportes_de_la_Comunidad_de_Madrid', 'summary': "Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid ( English : Sports Palace in the Regional Community of Madrid ) , officially WiZink Center since November 2016 for sponsorship reasons , is an indoor sporting arena located in Madrid , Spain . The former building , which was built in 1960 , was destroyed by a fire in 2001 . Architects Enrique Hermoso and Paloma Huidobro projected a High-Tech style new arena that was built at the same location between 2002 and 2005 . The arena hosted two major international basketball events in the first decade of the 21st century - the knockout stage of EuroBasket 2007 and the EuroLeague 's Final Four 2008 . It also hosted the final stage of the Copa del Rey of basketball in 2006 , 2009 , 2011 and 2019 . The arena was the finals venue for the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup and the Euroleague Final Four 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '13,109', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RETAbet Bilbao Basket', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao_Basket', 'summary': 'Club Basket Bilbao Berri S.A.D. , commonly known as Bilbao Basket ( pronounced [ bilˈβao basˈket ] ) and as RETAbet Bilbao Basket for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball club based in Bilbao , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB . Their home arena is the Bilbao Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Bilbao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao', 'summary': 'Bilbao ( /bɪlˈbaʊ , -ˈbɑːoʊ/ , also US : /-ˈbeɪoʊ/ , Spanish : [ bilˈβao ] ; Basque : Bilbo [ bilβo ] ) is a city in northern Spain , the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole . It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain . Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain , with a population of 345,141 as of 2015 . The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants , making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain ; with a population of 875,552 the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain . Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region . Bilbao is situated in the north-central part of Spain , some 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) south of the Bay of Biscay , where the economic social development is located , where the estuary of Bilbao is formed . Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres ( 1,300 ft ) . Its climate is shaped by the Bay of Biscay low-pressure systems and mild air , moderating summer temperatures by Iberian standards , with low sunshine and high rainfall . The annual temperature range is low for its latitude . After its foundation in the early 14th century by Diego López V de Haro , head of the powerful Haro family , Bilbao was a commercial hub of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in Green Spain . This was due to its port activity based on the export of iron extracted from the Biscayan quarries . Throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth , Bilbao experienced heavy industrialisation , making it the centre of the second-most industrialised region of Spain , behind Barcelona .'}]}, {'value': 'Bilbao Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao_Arena', 'summary': 'Bilbao Arena is an indoor arena in the neighbourhood of Miribilla in Bilbao , Spain . The central hall can hold up to 10,014 people for basketball games . The central hall is also used for concerts and other kinds of shows . The facilities also include swimming pools and gymnasiums for the use of the local residents .'}]}, {'value': '10,014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Pablo Burgos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CB_Miraflores', 'summary': 'Club Baloncesto Miraflores S.A.D. , more commonly known as San Pablo Burgos by sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball team based in Burgos , Spain and plays in the Coliseum Burgos . The team currently plays in Liga ACB .'}]}, {'value': 'Burgos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burgos', 'summary': 'Burgos ( UK : /ˈbʊərɡɒs/ BOOR-goss , US : /ˈbʊərɡoʊs/ BOOR-gohss , Spanish : [ ˈbuɾɣos ] ) is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León . It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos . It is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula , on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries , at the edge of the central plateau . The municipality has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants . It forms part of the Camino de Santiago . Founded in 884 by Diego Rodríguez Porcelos , Burgos soon became the leading city of the embrionary County of Castile . 11th century chieftain Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( El Cid ) is connected to the city , as he was born near Burgos and was raised and educated there . In a long-lasting decline since the 17th century , following the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 , Burgos became the headquarters of the Francoist proto-government . Declared in 1964 as Pole of Industrial Promotion and in 1969 as Pole of Industrial Development , the city has grown since then in terms of economic activity . At the regional level , Burgos forms part of an economic axis together with the cities of Valladolid and Palencia . In 2008 , the international Burgos Airport started to offer commercial flights . The Museum of Human Evolution opened here in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Coliseum Burgos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coliseum_Burgos', 'summary': 'The Coliseum Burgos , formerly named as Plaza de Toros de Burgos , is an indoor arena mainly used as bullring located in Burgos , Spain .'}]}, {'value': '9,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UCAM Murcia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UCAM_Murcia_CB', 'summary': 'UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia Club de Baloncesto , S.A.D. , more commonly referred to as UCAM Murcia , is a professional basketball team based in Murcia , Spain . It plays their home games at Palacio de Deportes .'}]}, {'value': 'Murcia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murcia', 'summary': "Murcia ( /ˈmʊərsiə/ , also US : /ˈmɜːrʃ ( i ) ə/ , Spanish : [ ˈmuɾθja ] ( listen ) ) is a city in south-eastern Spain , the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia , and the seventh largest city in the country , with a population of 447,182 inhabitants in 2018 ( about one third of the total population of the Region ) . The population of the metropolitan area was 689,591 in 2010 . It is located on the Segura River , in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula , noted by a climate with hot summers , mild winters , and relatively low precipitation . Murcia was founded by the emir of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman II in 825 with the name Mursiyah ( Arabic : مرسية ) . It is now mainly a services city and a university town . Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque buildings , renowned local cuisine , Holy Week procession works of art by the famous Murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo , and the Fiestas de Primavera ( Spring Festival ) . The city , as the capital of the comarca Huerta de Murcia is called Europe 's orchard due to its long agricultural tradition and its fruit , vegetable , and flower production and exports . Murcia is located near the center of a low-lying fertile plain known as the huerta ( orchard or vineyard ) of Murcia . The Segura River and its right-hand tributary , the Guadalentín , run through the area . The city has an elevation of 43 metres ( 141 ft ) above sea level and its municipality covers approximately 882 square kilometres ( 341 sq mi ) . The best known and most dominant aspect of the municipal area 's landscape is the orchard . In addition to the orchard and urban zones , the great expanse of the municipal area is made up of different landscapes : badlands , groves of Carrasco pine trees in the precoastal mountain ranges and , towards the south , a semi-steppe region ."}]}, {'value': 'Palacio de Deportes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palacio_de_Deportes_de_Murcia', 'summary': 'Palacio de Deportes de Murcia is a sports arena in Murcia , Spain . It is primarily used for basketball and Futsal and the home arena of CB Murcia and ElPozo Murcia FS . The arena holds 7,454 people and was built in 1994 . It had a budget of 25 million dollars , and was the most modern arena in Europe the moment it was built .'}]}, {'value': '7,454', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unicaja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baloncesto_Málaga', 'summary': 'Baloncesto Málaga , S.A.D. , for sponsorship reasons named Unicaja , is a Spanish professional basketball team that is based in Málaga , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB and the EuroCup . The team is sponsored by the Spanish bank Unicaja .'}]}, {'value': 'Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Málaga', 'summary': "Málaga ( /ˈmæləɡə/ , Spanish : [ ˈmalaɣa ] ) is a municipality of Spain , capital of the Province of Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . With a population of 571,026 in 2018 , it is the second-most populous city of Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most populous in Spain . It lies on the Costa del Sol ( Coast of the Sun ) of the Mediterranean , about 100 kilometres ( 62.14 miles ) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 km ( 80.78 mi ) north of Africa . Málaga 's history spans about 2,800 years , making it one of the oldest cities in Europe and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world . According to most scholars , it was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians as Malaka ( Punic : 𐤌𐤋𐤊𐤀 , MLKʾ ) . From the 6th century BC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage , and from 218 BC , it was ruled by the Roman Republic and then empire as Malaca ( Latin ) . After the fall of the empire and the end of Visigothic rule , it was under Islamic rule as Mālaqah ( Arabic : مالقة ) for 800 years , but in 1487 , the Crown of Castille gained control in the midst of the Granada War . The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician , Roman , Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an open museum , displaying its history of nearly 3,000 years . The painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso , Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in Málaga . The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona , Malagueña , is named after the music of this region of Spain . The most important business sectors in Málaga are tourism , construction and technology services , but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand . The Andalusia Technology Park ( PTA ) , located in Málaga , has enjoyed significant growth since its inauguration in 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Martín Carpena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palacio_de_Deportes_José_María_Martín_Carpena', 'summary': 'Palacio de Deportes José María Martín Carpena ( Jose Maria Martin Carpena Arena ) is an indoor sporting arena that is located in Málaga , Spain . The current seating capacity of the arena is 11,300 for sports , and 10,000 for large concert events .'}]}, {'value': '10,642', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valencia Basket', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencia_Basket', 'summary': 'Valencia Basket Club S.A.D. , commonly known as Valencia Basket ( pronounced [ baˈlenθja basˈket ] ) , is a professional basketball team based in Valencia , Spain . The team plays in the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague , with home games played at the Fuente de San Luis . The club is sponsored by the Spanish billionaire Juan Roig .'}]}, {'value': 'Valencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valencia', 'summary': "Valencia ( Spanish : [ baˈlenθja ] ) , officially València ( Valencian : [ vaˈlensia ] ) , is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona , with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre . Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.6 million people . Valencia is Spain 's third largest metropolitan area , with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million depending on how the metropolitan area is defined . The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea . The city is ranked at Beta-global city in the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Valencia was founded as a Roman colony by the consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus in 138 BC , and called Valentia Edetanorum . In 714 Moroccan and Arab Moors occupied the city , introducing their language , religion and customs ; they implemented improved irrigation systems and the cultivation of new crops as well . Valencia was the capital of the Taifa of Valencia . In 1238 the Christian king James I of Aragon conquered the city and divided the land among the nobles who helped him conquer it , as witnessed in the Llibre del Repartiment . He also created a new law for the city , the Furs of Valencia , which were extended to the rest of the Kingdom of Valencia . In the 18th century Philip V of Spain abolished the privileges as punishment to the kingdom of Valencia for aligning with the Habsburg side in the War of the Spanish Succession . Valencia was the capital of Spain when Joseph Bonaparte moved the Court there in the summer of 1812 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fuente de San Luis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavelló_Municipal_Font_de_San_Lluís', 'summary': 'Pavelló Municipal Font de San Lluís ( Spanish : Pabellón Municipal Fuente San Luis , known as La Fonteta ) is an indoor arena that is located in Valencia , Spain . Built in 1983 , it is primarily used for basketball games , and it is the home arena of the Spanish Liga ACB club Valencia Basket . The arena has a seating capacity of 9,000 people .'}]}, {'value': '8,500', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current clubs', 'section_text': 'AndorraBarçaBaskoniaBetisBilbaoBurgosEstudiantesFuenlabradaJoventutManresaMurciaObradoiroReal MadridUnicajaValenciaZaragoza Location of teams in 2019–20 ACB TenerifeGran Canaria Location of teams from the Canary Islands in 2019–20 ACB', 'uid': 'Liga_ACB_0', 'intro': "The Liga ACB,[N 1] known as Liga Endesa[N 2] for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system. Administrated by the Asociación de Clubs de Baloncesto (ACB), Liga ACB is contested by 18 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the LEB Oro and replaced by the top team in that division plus the winner of the playoffs. A total of 49 teams have competed in Liga ACB since its inception. Seven teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 35 times and FC Barcelona 18 times. Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through the 1970s when was organized by the Spanish Basketball Federation. From the 1980s onwards when the ACB took control over the league, FC Barcelona (15 titles) and Real Madrid (12 titles) both dominated, though Liga ACB also saw other champions, including Baskonia, Joventut Badalona, Baloncesto Málaga, Bàsquet Manresa, and Valencia Basket. In more recent years, Baskonia has joined a coalition of now three teams dominating Liga ACB alongside Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. Liga ACB is one of the most popular professional indoor sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 6,236 for league matches in the 2018-19 season. This is the ninth-highest of any domestic professional indoor sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional basketball league in the world, behind the National Basketball Association, the EuroLeague, and the Women's National Basketball Association."}
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Who sponsors the basketball team that plays in the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague and has Valencia as its home city ?
Juan Roig
fedb2e0f57e41521
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zevenheuvelenloop', 'title': 'Zevenheuvelenloop', 'header': ['Athlete', 'Country', 'M/W', 'Wins', 'Years'], 'data': [{'value': 'Joshua Cheptegei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joshua_Cheptegei', 'summary': "Joshua Kiprui Cheptegei ( born 12 September 1996 ) is a Ugandan long-distance runner . In 2017 , he became the silver medalist in the 10,000 meters run at the World Championship in London . In 2018 , he set a world record for the 15 km road race and became the World Cross Country champion in 2019 . That year at the World Championships in Doha , he won a gold medal in the 10,000 meters men 's final . In 2020 , he set a new world road 5 km record of 12:51 in Monaco , besting the old fastest time by 9 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'Uganda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uganda', 'summary': "Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Uganda ; Luganda : Eggwanga Yuganda ) is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa . It is bordered to the east by Kenya , to the north by South Sudan , to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo , to the south-west by Rwanda , and to the south by Tanzania . The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria , shared with Kenya and Tanzania . Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region . Uganda also lies within the Nile basin , and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate . Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom , which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country , including the capital Kampala . The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago , when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country . Beginning in 1894 , the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK , who established administrative law across the territory . Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962 . The period since then has been marked by violent conflicts , including an 8-year-long far right military dictatorship led by Idi Amin . Additionally , a lengthy civil war against the Lord 's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony , has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties . The official languages are English and Swahili , although any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative , administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tonnie Dirks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tonnie_Dirks', 'summary': 'Antonius Marinus Hendricus Maria Tonnie Dirks ( born 12 February 1961 in Zeeland , North Brabant ) is a Dutch former long distance runner . He competed internationally on the track , road , and also in cross country competitions . He ran in the Marathon at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo , finishing in 16th place with a time of 2:22:17 . That year he also competed in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships , but he only managed to finish in 29th position . The following year he competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics , but he did not finish in the Olympic Marathon race . At the Amsterdam Marathon in 1993 , he took second behind Kenichi Suzuki with a time of 2:12:27 . He was highly successful at the Warandeloop cross country race : he won in 1984 , 1985 , 1988 , 1990 , and 1993 , making him the runner with the most titles ever won at the competition . He was also a seven-time national cross country champion ; only Kamiel Maase and pre-war competitor Jan Zeegers have more wins than Dirks . He won the Eurocross meeting in neighbouring Luxembourg in 1991 . Further success came in road running competitions in the Netherlands : he won the Zevenheuvelenloop 15-kilometre race three times consecutively from 1989-1991 , setting a course record which was beaten by Haile Gebrselassie after five years . He won the Egmond Half Marathon in 1991 , and was twice victorious at the Parelloop race ( in 1991 and 1993 ) . He was also the 1992 champion of the Bredase Singelloop .'}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1990 , 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tegla Loroupe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tegla_Loroupe', 'summary': "Tegla Chepkite Loroupe ( born 9 May 1973 ) is a Kenyan long-distance track and road runner . She is also a global spokeswoman for peace , women 's rights and education . Loroupe holds the world records for 25 and 30 kilometres and previously held the world marathon record . She was the first African woman to hold the marathon World Record , which she held from 19 April 1998 until 30 September 2001 . She is the three-time World Half-Marathon champion . Loroupe was also the first woman from Africa to win the New York City Marathon , which she has won twice . She has won marathons in London , Rotterdam , Hong Kong , Berlin and Rome . In 2016 , she was the person organising the Refugee Team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'W', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 , 1993 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mestawet Tufa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mestawet_Tufa', 'summary': "Mestawet Tufa ( Amharic : መስታወት ቱፋ ; born 14 September 1983 in Arsi ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner . She was the winner of the women 's 10,000 metres at the 2007 All-Africa Games and the runner up in the senior women 's race at the 2008 World Cross Country Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'W', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003 , 2006 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sileshi Sihine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sileshi_Sihine', 'summary': 'Sileshi Sihine ( Amharic : ስለሺ ስህኔ ; born January 29 , 1983 in Sheno ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner . Sihine won silver medals in the 10,000 metres at both the 2004 Athens Olympics and the 2008 Beijing Olympics as well as at the 2005 World Championships and 2007 World Championships as well as a bronze medal in 2003 . He also picked up a silver medal in the 5000 m at the 2005 World Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 , 2007 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haile Gebrselassie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haile_Gebrselassie', 'summary': "Haile Gebrselassie ( Amharic : ኃይሌ ገብረ ሥላሴ , haylē gebre silassē ; born 18 April 1973 ) is a retired Ethiopian long-distance track and road running athlete . He won two Olympic gold medals over 10,000 metres and four World Championship titles in the event . He won the Berlin Marathon four times consecutively and also had three straight wins at the Dubai Marathon . Further to this , he won four world titles indoors and was the 2001 World Half Marathon Champion . Haile had major competition wins at distances between 1500 metres and the marathon , moving from outdoor , indoor and cross country running to road running in the latter part of his career . He broke 61 Ethiopian national records ranging from 800 metres to the marathon , set 27 world records , and is regarded as one of the greatest distance runners in history . In September 2008 , at the age of 35 , he won the Berlin Marathon with a world record time of 2:03:59 , breaking his own world record by 27 seconds . The record stood for three years . Since he was over the age of 35 , that mark stood as the Masters Age group world record until 29 September 2019 , when fellow Ethiopian Kenenisa Bekele ran 2:01:41 at the age of 37 . Gebrselassie 's 10000 m Masters record has not been challenged since 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994 , 2005 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tirunesh Dibaba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tirunesh_Dibaba', 'summary': "Tirunesh Dibaba , also known as Tirunesh Dibaba Kenene , ( Amharic : ጥሩነሽ ዲባባ ቀነኒ ; born 1 June 1985 ) is an Ethiopian athlete who competes in long distance track events and international road races . She is the 5000 metres ( outdoor track ) world record holder . She has won three Olympic track gold medals , five World Championship track gold medals , four individual World Cross Country ( WCC ) adult titles , and one individual WCC junior title . She is nicknamed the Baby Faced Destroyer . At the 2005 IAAF World Championships in Helsinki Finland , she became the first women to win the 5000 m and 10000m at the same championship . She is the one of two women ( the other Sonia O'Sullivan ) who won the short and long course World Cross Country title at the same championship ( 2005 in Saint Galmier , France ) . With her 2003 World championship title , she became the youngest World Champion with the age of 18 years and 90 days ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'W', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 , 2012 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carla Beurskens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carla_Beurskens', 'summary': "Carolina ( Carla ) Alwina Hubertina Beurskens ( born 10 February 1952 ) was one of Holland 's most prominent female long-distance runners from the second half of the 1970s until well into the 1990s , including all distances from 3000 metres to the marathon . During the greater part of this period she was most successful at the longer distance . The variety of the twenty-three national titles she obtained during her long carrier clearly shows to what extent Beurskens dominated all aspects of the métier : three titles on indoor- and five on outdoor tracks , nine on the road and six in the cross country . At the long distances she is by far the most successful Dutch female athlete ever . Carla Beurskens did not very often represent her native country in major international tournaments . She took part in the Summer Olympics twice : in Los Angeles 1984 and Seoul 1988 , three times in European and one time in World Championships . For various reasons she never performed particularly well at those events . Her fifth place in the European Championships marathon of 1982 in Athens was her best achievement ever . Much better were Beurskens achievements in the marathons of various big cities all over the world . For instance , with the exception of Kenyas Tegla Loroupe , she is the only female athlete who won the Rotterdam Marathon more than once . And this although shortly after her first victory in 1984 she declared that in the future she would ignore Rotterdam , unless the circumstances for female competitors would improve drastically . Finally in 1990 the circumstances seemed to fulfil the conditions of the athlete from Limburg , because she appeared on the scene once more and won for the second time ."}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'W', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josphat Machuka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josphat_Machuka', 'summary': "Josephat Machuka ( born 12 December 1973 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner . He won IAAF World Cross Country Championships junior bronze medal in 1992 and 1993 . In the 1996 IAAF World Cross Country Championships he was 10th and was part of the Kenyan team that won team gold . At the 1992 World Junior Championships he competed in the 10,000 metres finishing second , but as he was being passed just before the finish , he deliberately punched at the eventual winner Haile Gebrselassie during the final sprint and was disqualified . Overshadowed by Gebrselassie his entire career , this early incident is what Machuka is best remembered for . He competed at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics , finishing fifth in the men 's 10,000 metres race , won by Haile Gebrselassie . He was also fifth in the 1995 World Championships 10,000 metres race . He won the Eurocross meeting in Luxembourg in 1998 . Machuka was also successful road runner . He won the Bloomsday Run in 1994 and 1995 . Machuka won the Steamboat Classic 4-mile race in 1995 . In the Netherlands he won the Zevenheuvelenloop ( a 15 kilometres race ) twice , in 1995 and 1996 , just as the Dam tot Damloop , in 1993 and 1996 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 , 1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Worku Bikila', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worku_Bikila', 'summary': 'Worku Bikila ( born 6 May 1968 ) is a retired Ethiopian long-distance runner , who specialized mainly in the 5000 metres . His 10,000 metres time of 27:06.44 minutes in 1995 was the second-fastest time that year , behind Haile Gebrselassie . He represented Ethiopia at the World Championships in Athletics on three occasions ( 1993 , 1995 and 1997 ) . He was a two-time winner at the Zevenheuvelenloop 15,000 metres , from 1997 to 1998 . Since retiring , Bikila has put his energies into forming two companies that have brought much-needed revenue to his local community in Dukam , Ethiopia : Worku Bikila Water Well Drilling Limited performs water well monitoring , exploration , observation , and abandonment services , while Worku Bikila Hotel is a hotel for international travellers .'}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Felix Limo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felix_Limo', 'summary': 'Felix Limo ( born 22 August 1980 ) is a Kenyan former long-distance runner , who specialized in the marathon . Limo held the 15 Kilometres road running world record from November 2001 to November 2010 , where he lost the record to Leonard Komon . Limo set his record of 41:29 minutes in Nijmegen , the Netherlands when winning the Zevenheuvelenloop race . Deriba Merga of Ethiopia equalled the time in 2009 . He won the Portugal Half Marathon in 2002 . He debuted at the 2003 Amsterdam Marathon , finishing second timing 2:06.42 , only three seconds slower than William Kipsang , who set a course record . Limo has achieved victory at the 2005 Chicago Marathon , as well as at Berlin and Rotterdam in 2004 . In winning the 2004 Rotterdam Marathon , he ran arguably his strongest effort , setting his personal best of 2:06:14 . Not only was that the eleventh fastest marathon ever run , but it was achieved on a very windy day . Limo withdrew from a possible defense of his Chicago Marathon title due to back pain , and the 2006 race was won by Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot . He won the 2006 London Marathon in a time of 2:06:39 , the third fastest of 2006 . He returned the following year and recorded 2:07:47 for third place .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 , 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berhane Adere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berhane_Adere', 'summary': "Berhane Adere Debala ( Ge'ez : ብርሀኔ አደሬ born 21 July 1973 in Shewa ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises in the 10,000 metres and the half marathon . She was world champion over 10,000 m in 2003 and world champion in the half marathon in 2002 . Berhane works for UNICEF as a goodwill ambassador for girls ' education . Berhane held the African record for 10,000 metres in a time of 30:04.18 , set at the 2003 World Championships , where she won gold . The African record was broken at the 2008 Olympics by Tirunesh Dibaba , who became the first African to run under 30 minutes . Berhane won the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 2002 , and the bronze medal in the 2001 World Half Marathon Championships . She was the gold medallist over 3000 metres at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships She won the 2006 Chicago Marathon with a personal best time of 2:20:42 . She won the Chicago Marathon again in 2007 and the Dubai Marathon on 18 January 2008 . Berhane also won the 2007 Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon . She was the top female finisher in the 2010 Rock n Roll Mardi Gras Marathon , in which she recorded the fastest ever half marathon on American soil with a time of 1:07:52 , breaking her previous best by over 25 seconds . At age 36 , that should also be the Masters world record . She saw off a challenge from Ana Dulce Félix to win at the Great North Run in September , completing the half marathon in 1:08:49 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'W', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leonard Komon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leonard_Komon', 'summary': 'Leonard Patrick Komon ( born 10 January 1988 in Mount Elgon District ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner and is the world record holder in the 10 kilometres . His 10K world record in 2010 with a time of 26:44 is a 17 seconds improvement on the previous best . He won a half marathon with 59:14 in 2014 ( Berlin ) , which was the fastest debut half marathon in history at the time . Komon was the silver medallist at the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and shared in three team golds from 2008 to 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 , 2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Multiple winners ( bold italic = WR )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Zevenheuvelenloop_2', 'intro': 'Zevenheuvelenloop (Seven Hills Run in English) is an annual 15 kilometres road running race held in Nijmegen, Netherlands. It was first organised in 1984 and has grown to be one of the largest road races in the Netherlands; it attracted over 30,000 runners in 2008.'}
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From which country is the athlete who became the silver medalist in the 10,000 meters run at the World Championship in London ?
Uganda
fedc832de13a2939
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Boston_Marathon', 'title': '2012 Boston Marathon', 'header': ['Place', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wesley Korir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wesley_Korir', 'summary': 'Wesley Korir ( born 15 November 1982 ) is a Kenyan long distance runner , who specializes in road running competitions , and politician . On 16 April 2012 , he won the Boston Marathon with a time of 2 hours 12 minutes 40 seconds . He had previously won the Los Angeles Marathon in 2009 and 2010 , the first back-to-back winner there in eight years . He took second place in the 2011 Chicago Marathon in a personal-record time of 2 hours 6 minutes 15 seconds , and improved that personal record by 2 seconds in the 2012 Chicago Marathon . In the 2013 Kenyan general election , Korir was elected to a seat in the National Assembly .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:12:40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levy Matebo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Levy_Matebo', 'summary': 'Levy Matebo Omari ( born 3 November 1989 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes mainly in marathon races . Matebo has a personal best of 2:05:16 hours for the 42.195 km distance , which he set as a runner-up at the 2011 Frankfurt Marathon . He was also second at the Boston Marathon in 2012 . He has won marathons in Brussels and Barcelona . In addition to the marathon , he has a half marathon best of 1:00:06 hours .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:13:06', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bernard Kipyego', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Kipyego', 'summary': 'Bernard Kiprop Kipyego ( born 16 July 1986 in Keiyo District ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in the marathon . His personal best for the event is 2:06:22 hours . He has reached the podium at the Amsterdam Marathon , Chicago Marathon , Boston Marathon , Paris Marathon and Tokyo Marathon . He was the bronze medallist at the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and took the silver medal at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:13:13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jason Hartmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Hartmann', 'summary': 'Jason Hartmann ( born March 23 , 1981 ) is a NCAA coach and a former American long-distance runner who specializes in marathon races . He won the Twin Cities Marathon in 2009 . He was the top American finisher at the 2010 Chicago Marathon and was fourth at the Boston Marathon in both 2012 and 2013 . His personal record for the event is 2:11:06 . He has represented the United States on the road , grass and track , having competed at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships , IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the Pan American Games . Collegiately he ran in cross country and track for the University of Oregon .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '2:14:31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wilson Chebet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilson_Chebet', 'summary': "Wilson Kwambai Chebet ( born 12 July 1985 in Marakwet District ) is a Kenyan professional long-distance runner who specialises in road running competitions . He has a marathon best of 2:05:27 hours . He began competing internationally in 2005 and established himself with a number of circuit wins in his first three years of competition , including the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale and America 's Finest City Half Marathon . He managed podium finishes at the Granollers Half Marathon , Rotterdam Half Marathon and Delhi Half Marathon in 2008 . He represented Kenya at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and helped win the team gold medal . Chebet began pacemaking in marathon races in 2009 and made his competitive debut over the distance in 2010 . His clocking of two hours , 6:12 minutes to finish as runner-up at the Amsterdam Marathon was the second fastest debut run of all-time . In 2011 , won both the Amsterdam and Rotterdam Marathons . He repeated as Amsterdam champion in 2012 . His half marathon best of 59:15 minutes ranks among the top 15 fastest ever and he is in the top ten fastest ever over 20 km ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:14:56', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Laban Korir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laban_Korir', 'summary': 'Laban Kipngetich Korir ( born 30 June 1985 in Uasin Gishu District ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running competitions . Korir is currently part of the NN Running Team , an international team of elite long-distance runners managed by Global Sports Communication in Nijmegen , Netherlands . He began competing abroad for the first time in 2008 in his early twenties . His first win came at the Setúbal Half Marathon in Portugal , and another followed at the 2009 Pombal Meia Maratona . Working with athletics manager Jos Hermens , he gained a place at the 2011 Amsterdam Marathon and made the third-fastest marathon debut in history with his run of 2:06:05 hours , which was enough for second place behind Wilson Chebet . In his first race of 2012 he came fifth at the Roma-Ostia Half Marathon , but improved his best over the distance to a time of 1:00:38 hours . He was invited to the 2012 Boston Marathon and managed sixth place , although difficult running conditions left him with a slower time of 2:15:29 hours . A run at the 2012 Chicago Marathon saw him in contention up to the halfway point , but he faded into eleventh place by the finish . Korir then won the 2014 Toronto Waterfront Marathon with a time of 2:08:15 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:15:29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michel Butter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Butter', 'summary': "Michel Butter ( born November 5 , 1985 in Beverwijk ) is a Dutch long-distance runner . He was the silver medallist over 10,000 metres at the 2007 European Athletics U23 Championships and represented his country at the 2008 European Cross Country Championships , coming ninth in the senior men 's race . Butter was the winner of the Tilburg Warandeloop in 2008 and won the half marathon at the 2009 Berenloop road race . He was 16th in the race at the 2010 European Cross Country Championships . He made his marathon debut at the 2011 Utrecht Marathon and won on his first attempt with a time of 2:17:35 hours . The race was reduced to a national level event that year as prize money was directly solely to Dutch runners . He significantly improved his best time at the 2011 Amsterdam Marathon , where his time of 2:12:59 hours brought him the Dutch national title and 15th position overall . At the 2012 Boston Marathon , he was seventh and the top European in a race slowed by hot conditions . In the 2012 Amsterdam Marathon , he took 12th place , in a new personal best of 2:09:58 hours ."}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '2:16:38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Barmasai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Barmasai', 'summary': 'David Barmasai Tumo ( born 1 January 1989 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in marathon running . He has a personal best of 2:07:18 hours ( set winning the 2011 Dubai Marathon ) and came fifth at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:17:16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hideaki Tamura', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '2:18:15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mathew Kisorio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mathew_Kisorio', 'summary': 'Mathew Kipkoech Kisorio ( born 16 May 1989 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in road running and cross country running competitions . He has a half marathon best of 58:46 minutes ( making him the third fastest ever ) and a marathon best of 2:10:58 hours . On the roads , he has won the Philadelphia Half Marathon , Kagawa Marugame Half Marathon and Stramilano races . He has represented Kenya on the track and on grass . He was fourth at both the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the 10,000 metres at the 2010 African Championships in Athletics . He tested positive for steroids at the 2012 Kenyan Athletics Championships and admitted his drug use , claiming that medical staff in Kenya had promoted a system of doping to athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '2:18:15', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Results -- Elite men', 'section_text': 'Wesley Korir mid-race in the leading pack of the 2012 Boston Marathon', 'uid': '2012_Boston_Marathon_0', 'intro': "The 2012 Boston Marathon took place in Boston, Massachusetts on Monday April 16, 2012. It was the 116th edition of the mass-participation marathon. Organized by the Boston Athletic Association, it was the first of the World Marathon Majors series to be held in 2012. A total of 22,426 runners started the race. The competition was held in hot running conditions, reaching 88 degrees Fahrenheit (31° Celsius) that afternoon, and some of the 27,000 registered runners opted to take up the organizers' offer to defer their entry until the 2013 race. Wesley Korir and Sharon Cherop won the elite men's and women's races respectively. Josh Cassidy and Shirley Reilly were the winners of the wheelchair racing section. In the masters section, Uli Steidl won the men's marathon and Svetlana Pretot (ninth overall) was the women's champion."}
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What is the fastest the person who finished behind Levy Matebo but ahead of others at the 2012 Boston Marathon has finished the marathon ?
2:06:22
fedcab22a80f4af4
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'title': 'Soviet Union at the 1988 Winter Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dmitry Vasilyev Sergei Tchepikov Aleksandr Popov Valeriy Medvedtsev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dmitry_Vasilyev_(biathlete)', 'summary': 'Dmitry Vladimirovich Vasilyev ( Russian : Дмитрий Владимирович Васильев ) ( born 8 December 1962 in Leningrad ) is a former Soviet biathlete . At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo , Vasilyev won a gold medal with the Soviet relay team , which consisted of himself , Juri Kashkarov , Algimantas Šalna and Sergei Bulygin . He received another gold medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . Vasilyev also won a 20 km individual World Cup race in Holmenkollen in the 1982-83 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Tchepikov', 'summary': 'Sergei Vladimirovich Tchepikov ( Russian : Серге́й Влади́мирович Че́пиков ; born 30 January 1967 ) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet-Russian biathlete and cross country skier who competed at six Winter Olympics , five in biathlon ( 1988 , 1992 , 1994 , 2002 and 2006 ) and one in cross country skiing ( 1998 ) . His last Olympic performance was a silver medal in the 4 × 7.5 km relay at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin . Tchepikov has two World Cup titles ( 1989/90 , 1990/91 ) . He has had 25 podium finishes , six in first place , thirteen in second , and has come third six times . In the Olympics , Tchepikov has two gold , three silver , and one bronze medals . In the World Championships he has won 14 medals , however only two gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexandr_Popov_(biathlete)', 'summary': 'Alexandr Vladimirovich Popov ( Russian : Александр Владимирович Попов ; born 22 February 1965 ) is a Russian biathlete who competed for the USSR , the Unified Team and Belarus . Since 1999 he has been the head coach of the Belarus National Biathlon Team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Valeriy_Medvedtsev', 'summary': 'Valeriy Alekseevitch Medvedtsev ( Russian : Валерий Алексеевич Медведцев ; born 5 July 1964 ) is a former Russian biathlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Biathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Biathlon at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Canmore Nordic Centre , about 100 kilometres from the host city of Calgary . The events began on 20 February and ended on 26 February 1988 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4 x 7.5 km relay", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jānis Ķipurs Vladimir Kozlov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jānis_Ķipurs', 'summary': "Jānis Ķipurs ( sometimes shown as Yanis Kipurs or Janis Kipurs , born 3 January 1958 in Kurmene , Kurmene parish ) is a Latvian-born bobsledder who competed for the Soviet Union in the late 1980s . At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , he won two medals with a gold in the two-man event and a bronze in the four-man event . Ķipurs also won a bronze medal in the two-man event at the 1989 FIBT World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo . He won the two-man Bobsleigh World Cup championship in 1987-88 . Because of his successes , the Soviet Union named the ice rink in his hometown of Sigulda ( now part of Latvia ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Kozlov_(bobsleigh)', 'summary': 'Vladimir Kozlov ( born March 7 , 1958 ) is a Soviet Ukrainian bobsledder who competed in the late 1980s . At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , he won two medals with a gold in the two-man event and a bronze in the four-man event .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , at Canada Olympic Park . The competition took place between February 20 and February 28 , 1988 . The event included competitors from countries with little or no snow . These countries included Jamaica ( whose involvement spurred the Walt Disney Pictures film Cool Runnings ) , Mexico , and New Zealand . An informal Caribbean Cup of such countries was won by New Zealand 's Alexander Peterson and Peter Henry , who finished equal twentieth . In the two-man event , the best result from a completely snow-less country was twenty-ninth by Bart Carpentier Alting and Bart Dreschsel of the Netherlands Antilles . Alting also competed in luge , finishing thirty-sixth out of thirty-eight . This was the second and last time that Soviet Union took part in bobsleigh teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Two-man', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikhail Devyatyarov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Devyatyarov', 'summary': "Mikhail Talgatovich Devyatyarov ( Russian : Михаи́л Талга́тович Девятья́ров ; born February 25 , 1959 in Chusovoy ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1982 to 1992 , training at Armed Forces sports society in Perm . He took the gold medal in the 15 km classical and the silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . Devyatyarov also won two medals at the 1987 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the 15 km . He has taken two World cup victories . Devyatyarov 's son , Mikhail , Jr. , is a retired cross-country skier who won his only World Cup race in the sprint event in Stockholm on March 21 , 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 15 km classical", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aleksey Prokurorov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aleksey_Prokurorov', 'summary': 'Alexey Alexeyevich Prokurorov ( Russian : Алексе́й Алексе́евич Прокуро́ров ; March 25 , 1964 - October 10 , 2008 ) was a Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the late 1980s and 1990s for both the Soviet Union and Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 30 km classical", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vida Vencienė', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vida_Vencienė', 'summary': 'Vida Vencienė ( maiden name Vida Mogenytė ; born 28 May 1961 in Ukmergė ) is a former cross-country skier who represented the Soviet Union and later Lithuania from 1988 to 1994 . She won a gold medal over 10 km and a bronze over 5 km at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary for the Soviet Union . Her best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was seventh in the 30 km event in 1989 . She also finished second in a 10 km event in a World Cup event in Leningrad in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 10 km classical", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamara Tikhonova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamara_Tikhonova', 'summary': 'Tamara Ivanovna Tikhonova ( Russian : Тама́ра Ива́новна Ти́хонова ) ( born 13 June 1964 in the village of Kovalyovo , Kezsky District , Udmurt ASSR , Soviet Union ) is a former Soviet Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1984 to 1992 . She represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , where she won three medals with golds in the 20 km freestyle and the 4 × 5 km relay , and a silver in the 5 km classical . Tikhonova also won five medals for the Soviet Union at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two golds ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1985 , 1991 ) , one silver ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1989 ) , and two bronzes ( 10 km freestyle : 1989 , 1991 ) . She was awarded Order of the Red Banner of Labour .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 20 km freestyle", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Svetlana Nageykina Nina Gavrilyuk Tamara Tikhonova Anfisa Reztsova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Svetlana_Nageykina', 'summary': 'Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Nageykina ( Russian : Светла́на Вячесла́вовна Наге́йкина ; born February 2 , 1965 in Tambov ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed during the 1980s , training at Spartak . She won a gold medal in the 4x5 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary for the Soviet Union .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nina_Gavrilyuk', 'summary': "Nina Vasilyevna Gavrylyuk ( Russian : Ни́на Васи́льевна Гаврылю́к ; born 13 April 1965 ) is a former Soviet ( until 1991 ) and Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1987 to 2003 . Born in Leningrad , she won four medals at the Winter Olympics with three golds ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1988 , 1994 , 1998 ) and one bronze ( 15 km : 1994 ) . In Soviet time she trained at VSS Trud in Leningrad . Gavrylyuk 's biggest success was at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships , where she earned eleven medals . This included six golds ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1987 , 1993 , 1995 , 1997 , 1999 , 2001 ) , three silvers ( 5 km : 1995 , 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit : 1995 , 1999 ) , and two bronzes ( 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit : 1997 , 4 × 5 km relay : 2003 . She also won the 30 km event at the Holmenkollen Ski Festival in 1996 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tamara_Tikhonova', 'summary': 'Tamara Ivanovna Tikhonova ( Russian : Тама́ра Ива́новна Ти́хонова ) ( born 13 June 1964 in the village of Kovalyovo , Kezsky District , Udmurt ASSR , Soviet Union ) is a former Soviet Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1984 to 1992 . She represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , where she won three medals with golds in the 20 km freestyle and the 4 × 5 km relay , and a silver in the 5 km classical . Tikhonova also won five medals for the Soviet Union at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two golds ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1985 , 1991 ) , one silver ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1989 ) , and two bronzes ( 10 km freestyle : 1989 , 1991 ) . She was awarded Order of the Red Banner of Labour .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anfisa_Reztsova', 'summary': 'Anfisa Anatolyevna Reztsova , née Romanova , ( Russian : Анфи́са Анато́льевна Резцо́ва ) ( born 16 December 1964 in the village of Yakimets , Gus-Khrustalny District , Vladimir Oblast ) is a former Soviet ( until 1991 ) and Russian biathlete and cross-country skier who competed in both sports from 1985 to 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 4 × 5 km relay", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ekaterina Gordeeva Sergei Grinkov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ekaterina_Gordeeva', 'summary': "Ekaterina Katia Alexandrovna Gordeeva ( Russian : Екатерина Александровна Гордеева ; born 28 May 1971 ) is a Russian figure skater . Together with her partner and husband , the late Sergei Grinkov , she was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion ( 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 ) in pair skating . After Grinkov 's death , Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Grinkov', 'summary': 'Sergei Mikhailovich Grinkov ( Russian : Серге́й Миха́йлович Гринько́в ; 4 February 1967 - 20 November 1995 ) was a Russian pair skater . Together with partner and wife Ekaterina Gordeeva , he was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and a four-time World Champion ( 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place at the Stampede Corral , the Olympic Saddledome and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena in Calgary , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Pairs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalia Bestemianova Andrei Bukin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalia_Bestemianova', 'summary': 'Natalia Filimonovna Bestemianova or Bestemyanova ( Russian : Наталья Филимоновна Бестемьянова , born 6 January 1960 ) is a Russian ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union . With her partner Andrei Bukin , she is the 1988 Olympic Champion , 1984 Olympic silver medalist , four-time World champion , three-time World silver medalist , and five-time European champion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrei_Bukin', 'summary': 'Andrei Anatolievich Bukin ( Russian : Андрей Анатольевич Букин , born 10 June 1957 ) is a Russian former ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union in his competitive career . With his partner Natalia Bestemianova , he is the 1988 Olympic Champion , 1984 Olympic silver medalist , four-time World champion , three-time World silver medalist , and five-time European champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place at the Stampede Corral , the Olympic Saddledome and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena in Calgary , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Ice dancing', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Soviet Union men 's national ice hockey team Evgeny Belosheikin Ilya Byakin Vyacheslav Bykov Viacheslav Fetisov Alexei Gusarov Sergei Yashin Valeri Kamensky Sergei Svetlov Alexei Kasatonov Andrei Khomutov Vladimir Krutov Igor Larionov Aleksandr Kozhevnikov Igor Kravchuk Andrei Lomakin Aleksandr Chernykh Sergei Makarov Alexander Mogilny Sergei Mylnikov Vitali Samoilov Anatoly Semenov Sergei Starikov Igor Stelnov", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_ice_hockey_team", 'summary': 'The Soviet national ice hockey team ( Russian : Сборная СССР по хоккею с шайбой ) was the national ice hockey team of the Soviet Union . The team won nearly every world championship and Olympic tournament between 1954 and 1991 and never failed to medal in any International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) tournament they competed in . After 1991 , the Soviet team competed as the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics and as the Commonwealth of Independent States at the 1992 World Championship . In 1993 , it was replaced by national teams for Belarus , Estonia , Kazakhstan , Latvia , Lithuania , Russia and Ukraine . The IIHF recognized the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia as the successor to the Soviet Union hockey federation and passed its ranking on to Russia . The other national hockey teams were considered new and sent to compete in Pool C. The IIHF Centennial All-Star Team included four Soviet-Russian players out of a team of six : goalie Vladislav Tretiak , defenseman Vyacheslav Fetisov and forwards Valeri Kharlamov and Sergei Makarov who played for the Soviet teams in the 1970s and the 1980s were selected for the team in 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Evgeny_Belosheikin', 'summary': "Yevgeni Vladimirovich Belosheikin ( Евгений Белошейкин ) ( April 17 , 1966 - November 18 , 1999 ) was a professional ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for the HC CSKA Moscow and SKA Leningrad . He also played on the Soviet Union 's 1987 Canada Cup and Rendez-vous '87 teams . He was nicknamed Evgeny the Great and was touted as the next Vladislav Tretiak - and had even been tutored by Tretiak and wore his number 20 , though their styles bore little resemblance . In 1986 Belosheikin was named the outstanding goaltender of the 1986 IIHF World U20 Championships in Hamilton , Canada . During the tournament the U.S.S.R went undefeated , winning 7 games and surrendering only 14 goals . A year later he was also named the outstanding goaltender in the 1987 Calgary Cup , a pre-olympic tournament that took place just before the 1987 Canada Cup . On New Year 's Eve 1986 , Belosheikin led the Soviets to a 4-1 win over Canada . Belosheikin would end his international career on February 2 , 1988 with a 4-1 win in an exhibition game against Finland . Though he was considered the heir apparent to Vladislav Tretiak as the next great Soviet goaltender , Belosheikin suffered problems with alcoholism . After being drugged and robbed after a night of drinking with teammate Alexei Gusarov , he suffered liver and vision problems , which hastened the end his career . In 1991 the Edmonton Oilers selected him in the 11th round , 232nd overall in the NHL Entry Draft , though Belosheikin reported to camp that year , he was immediately sent to the Oilers Cape Breton affiliate where he played only 3 games ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ilya_Byakin', 'summary': 'Ilya Vladimirovich Byakin ( Russian : Илъя Владимирович Бякин ; born February 2 , 1963 in Sverdlovsk , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League and National Hockey League . He played for HC Spartak Moscow , Avangard Omsk , Edmonton Oilers , and San Jose Sharks . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vyacheslav_Bykov', 'summary': 'Vyacheslav Arkadevich Slava Bykov ( Russian : Вячеслав Аркадьевич Быков , born 24 July 1960 in Chelyabinsk , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) is a former Soviet and Russian ice hockey player and a former head coach of the Russian national hockey team . A small , technically gifted center , he was a regular fixture on the Soviet national ice hockey team in the 1980s ; after the fall of the Soviet Union , he played for Team Russia in the 1990s . He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft in the 9th round at number 169 overall . He opted , however , to never play in the NHL .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Viacheslav_Fetisov', 'summary': "Viacheslav Alexandrovich Slava Fetisov ( Russian : Вячеслав Александрович Фетисов , Vjačeslav Aleksandrovič Fetisov ; born 20 April 1958 ) is a retired Russian professional ice hockey defenceman . He played for HC CSKA Moscow for 13 seasons before joining the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , where he played with the New Jersey Devils and won back-to-back Stanley Cups with the Detroit Red Wings . After retiring from his playing career , he became the assistant coach for the New Jersey Devils . Having a very successful four years , he helped get the team to two Stanley Cup finals and one Stanley Cup victory . Fetisov was instrumental in breaking the barrier that had prevented Soviet players from leaving the Soviet Union to join the NHL . His actions not only resulted in a number of top Soviet players joining the NHL , but encouraged many of the best players from all over Europe to go to North America . Internationally , he was a long-time captain for the Soviet Union national team and is a two-time Olympic champion . In 2002 , Fetisov led the Russian Ice Hockey Olympic team as GM and Head Coach , attaining a bronze medal . Considered one of the best defencemen of all time , he was voted as one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation 's ( IIHF ) Centennial All-Star Team . After retiring as a coach , Fetisov embarked on a political and executive career . After the 2002 Winter Olympics , Russian President Vladimir Putin offered him the position as Minister of Sport , a post he held until 2008 . He is a member of the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the Federation Council representing Primorsky Krai , the founder and chairman of the KHL 's Board of Directors and chair of the World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA ) Athletes Committee ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexei_Gusarov', 'summary': 'Alexei Vasilievich Gusarov ( Russian : Алексей Васильевич Гусаров ) ( born July 8 , 1964 ) is a retired Russian ice hockey defenceman . He played for the Quebec Nordiques , Colorado Avalanche , New York Rangers and St. Louis Blues .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Yashin', 'summary': 'Sergei Anatolievich Yashin ( born March 6 , 1962 ) is a Russian retired ice hockey left winger . Yashin played in the Soviet Hockey League for HC Dynamo Moscow , the Eishockey-Bundesliga for EHC Dynamo Berlin and the Russian Superleague for SKA Saint Petersburg . He was also a member of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team and played in the 1988 Winter Olympics where he won a gold medal . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Valeri_Kamensky', 'summary': 'Valeri Viktorovich Kamenski ( Russian : Валерий Викторович Каменский ) ( born 18 April 1966 ) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Svetlov', 'summary': "Sergei Aleksandrovich Svetlov ( Russian : Сергей Александрович Светлов ) born January 17 , 1961 in Penza , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC Dynamo Moscow , Újpesti Dózsa and EC Ratingen . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988 . From 2012 Head coach of KHL team Atlant ( Moscow Region ) . He also competed in the men 's tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexei_Kasatonov', 'summary': 'Alexei Viktorovich Kasatonov ( Russian : Алексей Викторович Касатонов ; born 14 October 1959 in Leningrad , Soviet Union ) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman , who was a long-time member of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrei_Khomutov', 'summary': 'Andrei Valentinovich Khomutov ( Russian : Андрей Валентинович Хомутов ; born April 21 , 1961 ) is a retired Soviet ice hockey right winger . He was the head coach for Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) and Kazakhstan national team during 2010-2011 season . He played for CSKA Moscow ( Red Army team ) from 1979-1990 , then in Switzerland for HC Fribourg-Gottéron from 1990-1998 . He was most valuable player in the Soviet league in 1990 , and also led the league in goals in 1988 . Khomutov played for the Soviet national team from 1981-83 , 1985-87 , and 1989 ; for the Unified team in 1992 , and for Russia in 1993 , and 1995 . He was on the winning side at the 1981 Canada Cup ; the IIHF World Championships in 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1986 , 1989 , and 1993 ; and the 1984 , 1988 , and 1992 Winter Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Krutov', 'summary': 'Vladimir Yevgenyevich Krutov ( Russian : Владимир Евгеньевич Крутов ; 1 June 1960 - 6 June 2012 ) , nicknamed The Tank , was a Soviet hockey forward . Together with Igor Larionov and Sergei Makarov , he was part of the famed KLM Line . He is considered one of the best hockey wingers of the 1980s . For the Soviet Union national team , Krutov won the 1981 Canada Cup , two golds ( 1984 , 1988 ) and one silver ( 1980 ) in the Olympics , and five golds ( 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1986 , 1989 ) , one silver ( 1987 ) , and one bronze ( 1985 ) in the World Championships . On the club level , Krutov played for CSKA Moscow from 1978 to 1989 . He was one of the first Soviet players to make the jump to the NHL , doing so with the Vancouver Canucks in 1989 . However , Krutov did not have a successful season , battling homesickness and weight problems , earning the derisive nickname Vlad the Inhaler . Krutov left the NHL after his lone season in North America and played for several clubs in the Swiss and the Swedish minor leagues before retiring to move into coaching . His son Alexei Krutov is a former hockey player who played professionally from 1999 to 2017 . In 2010 , he was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame . Krutov died in a hospital in Moscow on 6 June 2012 , of internal bleeding and liver failure , just five days after his 52nd birthday .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Igor_Larionov', 'summary': "Igor Nikolayevich Larionov ( Russian : Игорь Николаевич Ларионов ; born 3 December 1960 ) is a Russian sports agent and former professional ice hockey player , known as The Professor . Along with Viacheslav Fetisov , he was instrumental in breaking the barrier that kept Soviet players from joining the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He primarily played the centre position . Larionov won three Stanley Cup championships with the Detroit Red Wings ( 1997 , 1998 , 2002 ) and was inducted as a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame on 10 November 2008 . He was also a member of Detroit 's famed Russian Five line ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Aleksandr_Viktorovich_Kozhevnikov', 'summary': 'Aleksandr Viktorovich Kozhevnikov ( Russian : Александр Викторович Кожевников ; born September 21 , 1958 ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for Krylya Sovetov Moscow and HC Spartak Moscow . Double-ply Olympic champion ( 1984 and 1988 ) . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1982 . He was born in Penza . Has daughter , Maria .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Igor_Kravchuk', 'summary': 'Igor Aleksandrovich Kravchuk ( Russian : Игорь Александрович Кравчук ; born September 13 , 1966 ) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman , who spent several seasons in the National Hockey League and also competed internationally for the USSR and Russia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrei_Lomakin', 'summary': 'Andrei Vyacheslavovich Lomakin ( Russian : Андрей Вячеславович Ломакин , April 3 , 1964 - December 9 , 2006 ) was a professional ice hockey player who played parts of four seasons in the NHL with the Philadelphia Flyers and Florida Panthers . He was a star in the Soviet Union prior to this , earning a gold medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Aleksandr_Chernykh', 'summary': 'Alexander Aleksandrovich Chernykh ( Russian : Александр Александрович Чёрных ; born 12 September 1965 ) is a retired Soviet ice hockey player . He won a gold medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics . He played for HC CSKA Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Makarov_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "Sergei Mikhailovich Makarov ( Russian : Серге́й Михайлович Макаров ; born 19 June 1958 ) is a Russian former ice hockey right wing and two-time Olympic gold medalist . He was voted one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation 's ( IIHF ) Centennial All-Star Team in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Mogilny', 'summary': 'Alexander Gennadevich Mogilny ( Russian : Александр Геннадиевич Могильный ; born February 18 , 1969 ) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player and the current president of Amur Khabarovsk of the Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) . During his National Hockey League ( NHL ) career , Mogilny played for the Buffalo Sabres , Vancouver Canucks , Toronto Maple Leafs and New Jersey Devils . He tied for the NHL lead in goals in the 1992-93 season with 76 , and became a member of the Triple Gold Club by winning the Stanley Cup in 2000 with New Jersey .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Mylnikov', 'summary': 'Sergei Aleksandrovich Mylnikov ( Russian : Сергей Александрович Мыльников , 6 October 1958 - 20 June 2017 ) was an ice hockey goaltender and coach who competed in the Soviet Hockey League , National Hockey League , and the Swedish Division 2 . He mostly played for Traktor Chelyabinsk ( 1976-80 , 1983-89 ) , and also briefly for SKA Leningrad ( 1980-82 ) , the Quebec Nordiques ( 1989-90 ) , Torpedo Yaroslavl ( 1991-93 ) and Skedvi/Säter IF ( 1993-95 ) . He was a member of the Soviet national team , winning a gold medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics and at the 1989 and 1990 IIHF World Championships . He was named to the Soviet All-Star team in 1988 and inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985 . Mylnikov helped the Soviet junior team to back-to-back junior world championships in 1977 and 1978 . He was also the starting Soviet goaltender at the Canada Cup in 1987 . Mylnikov took up hockey at the age of 6 , encouraged by his father , and took up goaltender position because of his relatively small stature . His international debut was delayed by a strong competition from multiple gifted Soviet goaltenders , including Vladislav Tretiak and Vladimir Myshkin . Mylnikov finished his career with Säter IF in Sweden in 1995 , and remained there as the head coach for two seasons ( 1995-97 ) . After that he trained several Russian clubs in 1997-2012 . He also continued playing masters hockey until 2010 , when he had a major heart surgery . He died in 2017 at the age of 58 , and was survived by sons Dmitri and Sergei Jr. , a brother , and a nephew - all of whom ice hockey goaltenders .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vitali_Samoilov', 'summary': "Vitālijs Samoilovs ( Russian : Виталий Анатольевич Самойлов ; born 17 April 1962 ) is a retired Latvian professional ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . Ethnically Russian , he played for Dynamo Riga and Sokol Kiev . The best season of his career was 1987-88 , in which he made the Soviet National Team . He was the third-string goaltender at the 1987 Canada Cup and did n't appear in any games . He did , however , play in one game for the gold-medal-winning Soviet team at the 1988 Winter Olympics . Also that season , he backstopped Riga to a surprising second-place finish in the Championship League . The following year , however , an injury caused him to lose his starting job in Riga to upstart Arturs Irbe and he never again regained his top form ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anatoly_Semenov', 'summary': 'Anatoli Anatolievich Semyonov ( Анатолий Анатольевич Семёнов ; born 5 March 1962 ) is a retired professional ice hockey centre who was a star in the Soviet Union during the 1980s and later spent parts of 8 seasons in the National Hockey League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Starikov', 'summary': 'Sergei Viktorovich Starikov ( Russian : Серге́й Ви́кторович Ста́риков ) ( born December 4 , 1958 in Chelyabinsk , Soviet Union ) is a Russian ice hockey coach , who competed as defenseman for the Soviet national team . Sergei Starikov won 9 national titles in the Soviet Union . Participating in 3 Olympic Tournaments , Sergei won 2 Gold and 1 Silver medal . He would appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated , becoming one of the first Soviet players to wear an NHL uniform when he joined the New Jersey Devils in 1989 along with his friend and defensive partner from the Soviet team , Viacheslav Fetisov . He made his NHL debut on October 5 , 1989 . He lives in New Jersey and currently is an instructor at ProSkate Ice Rink . Sergei currently coaches Barys of the KHL in Kazakhstan . Sergei just signed a one-year deal to be an assistant coach with HC Sibir Novosibirsk , a Russian hockey team in the KHL .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Igor_Stelnov', 'summary': 'Igor Anatolievich Stelnov ( Russian : Игорь Анатольевич Стельнов Igor Styelnov ) ( b. February 12 , 1963 in Moscow , Soviet Union - d. March 24 , 2009 in Moscow , Russia ) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC CSKA Moscow . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1984 . Olympic and World champion . 8-times champion of USSR ( 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 ) . On the international stage , Stelnov won two golds ( 1984 , 1988 ) in the Olympics , and one gold ( 1986 ) and one silver ( 1987 ) in the World Championships . Stelnov died on March 24 , 2009 after a long illness .'}]}, {'value': 'Ice hockey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The men 's ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta , Canada , was the 16th Olympic Championship . The Soviet Union won its seventh gold medal . The silver medal was won by Finland , marking its first ever Olympic ice hockey medal . Sweden won the bronze medal . Games were held in the Olympic Saddledome , the Stampede Corral , and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena . This is so far the only Olympic tournament held on North American soil that was not won by either Canada or United States . The IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time . Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics were invited to compete in the final Thayer Tutt Trophy ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's competition", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The men 's ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta , Canada , was the 16th Olympic Championship . The Soviet Union won its seventh gold medal . The silver medal was won by Finland , marking its first ever Olympic ice hockey medal . Sweden won the bronze medal . Games were held in the Olympic Saddledome , the Stampede Corral , and Father David Bauer Olympic Arena . This is so far the only Olympic tournament held on North American soil that was not won by either Canada or United States . The IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time . Nations that did not participate in the Calgary Olympics were invited to compete in the final Thayer Tutt Trophy ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nikolay Gulyayev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikolay_Gulyayev', 'summary': "Nikolay Alekseyevich Gulyayev ( Russian : Николай Алексеевич Гуляев , born 1 January 1966 ) is a former speed skater , considered among the world 's best in the 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Speed skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics , was held from 14 to 28 February . Ten events were contested at Olympic Oval . For the first time , the women contested a 5000-metre race , the longest distance contested by women in speed skating .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 1000m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valeriy Medvedtsev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valeriy_Medvedtsev', 'summary': 'Valeriy Alekseevitch Medvedtsev ( Russian : Валерий Алексеевич Медведцев ; born 5 July 1964 ) is a former Russian biathlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Biathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Biathlon at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Canmore Nordic Centre , about 100 kilometres from the host city of Calgary . The events began on 20 February and ended on 26 February 1988 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 10 km sprint", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valeriy Medvedtsev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valeriy_Medvedtsev', 'summary': 'Valeriy Alekseevitch Medvedtsev ( Russian : Валерий Алексеевич Медведцев ; born 5 July 1964 ) is a former Russian biathlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Biathlon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Biathlon at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Canmore Nordic Centre , about 100 kilometres from the host city of Calgary . The events began on 20 February and ended on 26 February 1988 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 20 km", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vladimir Smirnov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Smirnov_(skier)', 'summary': 'Vladimir Mikhaylovich Smirnov ( Russian : Влади́мир Миха́йлович Смирно́в ; born 7 March 1964 ) is a Kazakhstani former cross-country skier who raced from the 1982 until 1991 for the USSR and , later , for Kazakhstan . He is the first Olympic champion from independent Kazakhstan and the most decorated Olympian in history of Kazakhstan . He is also a vice president of the International Biathlon Union . Smirnov is a former member of International Olympic Committee .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 30 km classical", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vladimir Smirnov Vladimir Sakhnov Mikhail Devyatyarov Aleksey Prokurorov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Smirnov_(skier)', 'summary': 'Vladimir Mikhaylovich Smirnov ( Russian : Влади́мир Миха́йлович Смирно́в ; born 7 March 1964 ) is a Kazakhstani former cross-country skier who raced from the 1982 until 1991 for the USSR and , later , for Kazakhstan . He is the first Olympic champion from independent Kazakhstan and the most decorated Olympian in history of Kazakhstan . He is also a vice president of the International Biathlon Union . Smirnov is a former member of International Olympic Committee .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vladimir_Sakhnov', 'summary': "Vladimir Nikolaevich Sakhnov ( Russian : Владимир Николаевич Сахнов ; born April 25 , 1961 in village Kamenka , Tselinograd Oblast , Kazakh SSR ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who raced from 1983 to 1989 . Sakhnov trained at Armed Forces sports society in Alma-Ata . He earned a silver medal in the 4 x 10 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ; his best individual Winter Olympics finish was a fourth in the 30 km event in 1984 . Sakhnov also won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1987 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships . His best individual finish at the Nordic skiing World Championships was a sixth place in the 50 km event at those same championships . Sakhnov 's best career finish was second in two World Cup events ( 1984 . 1986 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mikhail_Devyatyarov', 'summary': "Mikhail Talgatovich Devyatyarov ( Russian : Михаи́л Талга́тович Девятья́ров ; born February 25 , 1959 in Chusovoy ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1982 to 1992 , training at Armed Forces sports society in Perm . He took the gold medal in the 15 km classical and the silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . Devyatyarov also won two medals at the 1987 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the 15 km . He has taken two World cup victories . Devyatyarov 's son , Mikhail , Jr. , is a retired cross-country skier who won his only World Cup race in the sprint event in Stockholm on March 21 , 2007 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Aleksey_Prokurorov', 'summary': 'Alexey Alexeyevich Prokurorov ( Russian : Алексе́й Алексе́евич Прокуро́ров ; March 25 , 1964 - October 10 , 2008 ) was a Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the late 1980s and 1990s for both the Soviet Union and Russia .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4 × 10 km relay", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamara Tikhonova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamara_Tikhonova', 'summary': 'Tamara Ivanovna Tikhonova ( Russian : Тама́ра Ива́новна Ти́хонова ) ( born 13 June 1964 in the village of Kovalyovo , Kezsky District , Udmurt ASSR , Soviet Union ) is a former Soviet Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1984 to 1992 . She represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , where she won three medals with golds in the 20 km freestyle and the 4 × 5 km relay , and a silver in the 5 km classical . Tikhonova also won five medals for the Soviet Union at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two golds ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1985 , 1991 ) , one silver ( 4 × 5 km relay : 1989 ) , and two bronzes ( 10 km freestyle : 1989 , 1991 ) . She was awarded Order of the Red Banner of Labour .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 5 km classical", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raisa Smetanina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raisa_Smetanina', 'summary': 'Raisa Petrovna Smetanina ( Russian : Раиса Петровна Сметанина ; born 29 February 1952 ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skiing champion . Smetanina is an ethnic Komi . She is the first woman in history to win ten Winter Olympic medals ( Stefania Belmondo being the second , Marit Bjørgen the third , and Ireen Wüst the fourth ) . Smetanina took part in five Olympics , representing the Soviet team four times and the Unified Team once . In particular , Smetanina won two gold and one silver medals at the 1976 Winter Olympics , becoming the most successful athlete there , along with Rosi Mittermaier of West Germany . In the 1992 Winter Olympics , at the age of thirty-nine , Smetanina won a further gold medal competing for the Unified Team in the 4 × 5 km relay , becoming the first woman to win ten Winter Olympic medals and at that time the oldest woman to win a Winter Olympic gold . Smetanina also had successes at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships , winning four golds ( 20 km ( 1982 ) , and 4 × 5 km relay ( 1974 , 1985 , and 1991 ) , three silvers ( 10 km ( 1978 ) , and 4 × 5 km relay ( 1982 , 1989 ) ) , and four bronzes ( 4 × 5 km relay ( 1978 ) , 5 km ( 1974 , 1978 ) , and 20 km ( 1980 ) ) . She also won three times at the Holmenkollen ski festival , once in the 10 km ( 1975 ) and twice in the 5 km ( 1975 and 1979 ) . In 1979 , Smetanina received the Holmenkollen medal ( shared with Erik Håker and Ingemar Stenmark ) . She was also awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1984 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 10 km classical", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anfisa Reztsova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anfisa_Reztsova', 'summary': 'Anfisa Anatolyevna Reztsova , née Romanova , ( Russian : Анфи́са Анато́льевна Резцо́ва ) ( born 16 December 1964 in the village of Yakimets , Gus-Khrustalny District , Vladimir Oblast ) is a former Soviet ( until 1991 ) and Russian biathlete and cross-country skier who competed in both sports from 1985 to 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': '1988 Winter Olympic Games cross-country skiing results was contested at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 20 km freestyle", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Valova Oleg Vassiliev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elena_Valova', 'summary': 'Elena Aleksandrovna Valova ( Russian : Елена Александровна Валова ; born 4 January 1963 ) is a Russian former pair skater who competed internationally for the Soviet Union . With partner and then-husband Oleg Vasiliev , she is the 1984 Olympic champion , 1988 Olympic silver medalist , and three-time World Champion ( 1983 , 1985 , 1988 ) . Their coach throughout their career was Tamara Moskvina .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Oleg_Kimovich_Vasiliev', 'summary': 'Oleg Kimovich Vasiliev ( Russian : Олег Кимович Васильев ; born 22 November 1959 ) is a Russian former pair skater who competed internationally for the Soviet Union . With partner and then-wife Elena Valova , he is the 1984 Olympic champion , 1988 Olympic silver medalist , and three-time World Champion ( 1983 , 1985 , 1988 ) . Their coach throughout their career was Tamara Moskvina . After retiring from competition , Vasiliev became a coach , leading the pair of Tatiana Totmianina / Maxim Marinin to the 2006 Olympic title .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place at the Stampede Corral , the Olympic Saddledome and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena in Calgary , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Pairs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marina Klimova Sergei Ponomarenko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marina_Klimova', 'summary': 'Marina Vladimirovna Klimova ( Russian : Марина Владимировна Климова ; born 28 July 1966 ) is a former competitive ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union and the Unified Team . With skating partner and husband Sergei Ponomarenko , she is the 1992 Olympic champion , the 1988 Olympic silver medalist , the 1984 Olympic bronze medalist , a three-time World champion , and a four-time European champion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergei_Ponomarenko', 'summary': 'Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko ( Russian : Серге́й Владиленович Пономаренко ; born October 6 , 1960 ) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union and the Unified team . With skating partner and wife Marina Klimova , he is the 1992 Olympic champion , 1988 Olympic silver medalist , 1984 Olympic bronze medalist , three-time World champion , and four-time European champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Figure skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place at the Stampede Corral , the Olympic Saddledome and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena in Calgary , Alberta , Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Ice dancing', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Soviet_Union_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union) competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It would be the last Winter Olympic Games before the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Six of the former Soviet republics would compete together as the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics, and each republic would be independently represented at subsequent Games.'}
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A former Soviet athlete earned his second gold medal at the 1988 Winter Olympics for a sport held 100 kilometers outside of what host city ?
Calgary
fedcecc338174059
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oregon_faculty_and_staff', 'title': 'List of University of Oregon faculty and staff', 'header': ['Name', 'Position ( s )', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dana Altman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dana_Altman', 'summary': "Dana Dean Altman ( born June 16 , 1958 ) is an American college basketball coach . He is the head coach of the University of Oregon Ducks men 's basketball team . Previously he was head coach at Creighton , Kansas State and Marshall . Altman has won conference coach of the year awards at each school he has coached , and has led his teams to 13 appearances in the NCAA men 's basketball tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'Current Basketball Head Coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Bellotti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Bellotti', 'summary': "Robert Michael Bellotti ( born December 21 , 1950 ) is an American college football analyst for ESPN and ABC . He was with the University of Oregon 's football program for over 20 years serving as offensive coordinator for six years , head coach for 14 years , and athletic director for one year . Bellotti is the winningest coach in Oregon football history and is credited with building the program into a major football power . He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Former Athletic Director , football head coach , and offensive coordinator', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡ESPN analyst', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Bowerman †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Bowerman', 'summary': 'William Jay Bill Bowerman ( February 19 , 1911 - December 24 , 1999 ) was an American track and field coach and co-founder of Nike , Inc. Over his career , he trained 31 Olympic athletes , 51 All-Americans , 12 American record-holders , 22 NCAA champions and 16 sub-4 minute milers . He disliked being called a coach and during his 24 years at the University of Oregon , the Ducks track and field team had a winning season every season but one , attained 4 NCAA titles , and finished in the top 10 in the nation 16 times . As co-founder of Nike , he invented some of their top brands , including the Cortez and Waffle Racer , and assisted in the company moving from being a distributor of other shoe brands to one creating their own shoes in house .'}]}, {'value': 'Former track and field head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rich Brooks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rich_Brooks', 'summary': "Richard Llewellyn Brooks ( born August 20 , 1941 ) is a retired American football player and coach . He was the head coach at the University of Oregon from 1977 to 1994 , the National Football League 's St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 1996 , and the University of Kentucky from 2003 to 2009 . Brooks ' 1994 Oregon team won the Pac-10 title and played in the 1995 Rose Bowl . For his efforts that season , he won a number of national coaching awards . The University of Oregon named the field at Autzen Stadium Rich Brooks Field in honor of his 18 seasons as coach for the Ducks ."}]}, {'value': 'Former football head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡Former football head coach of the Kentucky Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats', 'summary': "The Kentucky Wildcats are the men 's and women 's intercollegiate athletic squads of the University of Kentucky ( UK ) , a founding member of the Southeastern Conference . Historically , the women 's teams and athletes were referred to as the Lady Kats , but all athletic squads adopted the Wildcats nickname in 1995 . Collectively , the fans of the Kentucky Wildcats are often referred to as the Big Blue Nation . Their main and most intense rival is the University of Louisville ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Crowton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Crowton', 'summary': "David Gary Crowton ( born June 14 , 1957 ) is an American football coach . He is the offensive coordinator at Pine View High School in St. George , Utah , a position he has held since 2018 . Crowton served as the head football coach at Louisiana Tech University from 1996 to 1998 and at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) from 2001 to 2004 , compiling a career college football coaching record of 47-36 . Crowton has also served as offensive coordinator at the University of Maryland , at the University of Oregon , for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League ( NFL ) , and at Louisiana State University ( LSU ) . He was the offensive coordinator for the 2007 LSU Tigers football team , which won the 2008 BCS National Championship Game and a consensus national championship . While at Oregon , Crowton was a 2005 finalist for the Broyles Award , given annually to the nation 's top college football assistant coach . Crowton is most known for his aggressive offensive style , such as the razzle dazzle offensive scheme utilized in Chicago . He was nicknamed The Wizard by the LSU players , after completing 39 games with an accomplishment of at least 30 points within 25 games and a 25-10 overall mark ."}]}, {'value': 'Former football offensive coordinator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former head coach of BYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU', 'summary': "Brigham Young University ( BYU , sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y ) is a private research university located in Provo , Utah and owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . The university is run under the auspices of its parent-organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , and is classified among Doctoral Universities : High Research Activity with more selective , lower transfer-in admissions . The university 's primary emphasis is on undergraduate education in 179 majors , but it also has 62 master 's and 26 doctoral degree programs . The university also administers two satellite campuses , one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City . Students attending BYU agree to follow an honor code that mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings , such as academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex and homosexual behavior , and no consumption of illegal drugs , coffee , tea , alcohol , or tobacco . Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church . The university curriculum includes religious education , with required courses in the Bible ( KJV ) , LDS scripture , doctrine , and history , and the university sponsors weekly devotional assemblies with most speakers addressing religious topics . Sixty-six percent of students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as LDS missionaries . An education at BYU is less expensive than at similar private universities , since a significant portion of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church 's tithing funds . BYU 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Cougars . Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent , while their other sports teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation . BYU 's sports teams have won a total of nine NCAA national championships and were named National Champions in football by multiple publications in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bill Dellinger †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Dellinger', 'summary': 'William Bill Solon Dellinger ( born March 23 , 1934 ) is a retired American middle-distance runner . He competed in the 5,000 m at the 1956 , 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1964 , setting his personal record . He lettered in track at the University of Oregon in 1954 , 1955 , and 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Former track and field head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Harter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Harter', 'summary': 'Richard Alvin Harter ( October 14 , 1930 - March 12 , 2012 ) was an American basketball coach who served as both a head and assistant coach in both the NBA and NCAA .'}]}, {'value': 'Former basketball head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former head coach of the Charlotte Hornets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlotte_Hornets', 'summary': "The Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team based in Charlotte , North Carolina . The Hornets compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Eastern Conference Southeast Division . The team is largely owned by retired NBA player Michael Jordan , who acquired a controlling interest in the team in 2010 . The Hornets play their home games at the Spectrum Center in Uptown Charlotte . The original Hornets franchise was established in 1988 as an expansion team , owned by George Shinn . In 2002 , Shinn 's franchise relocated to New Orleans and became the New Orleans Hornets . In 2004 , the NBA established the Charlotte Bobcats , which was regarded as a new expansion team at the time . In 2013 , the New Orleans franchise announced it would rebrand itself the New Orleans Pelicans , ultimately returning the Hornets name , records , and official history ( spanning from 1988 to 2002 ) to Charlotte . The Bobcats were officially renamed the Charlotte Hornets for the 2014-15 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Bill Hayward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Hayward', 'summary': 'William Louis Colonel Bill Hayward ( July 2 , 1868 - December 14 , 1947 ) was a track and field coach at the University of Oregon for 44 years , and a track coach for six United States Olympic teams , from 1908 through 1932 .'}]}, {'value': 'Former track and field coach , former athletic director', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡Former Olympic coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Howard Hobson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_Hobson', 'summary': "Howard Andrew Hobby Hobson ( July 4 , 1903 - June 9 , 1991 ) was an American basketball player and coach of football , basketball , and baseball . He served as the head basketball coach at Southern Oregon Normal School - now Southern Oregon University - from 1932 to 1935 , at the University of Oregon from 1935 to 1944 and again from 1945 to 1947 , and at Yale University from 1947 to 1956 , compiling a career college basketball record of 401-257 . Hobson 's 1938-39 Oregon basketball team won the inaugural NCAA Basketball Tournament . Hobson authored numerous books on the subject of basketball . He was also the head football coach at Southern Oregon for 1932 to 1934 , tallying a mark of 12-7-1 , and the head baseball coach at Oregon from 1936 to 1947 , amassing a record of 167-75-1 . Hobson was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach in 1965 ."}]}, {'value': 'Former basketball head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Horton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Horton_(baseball_coach)', 'summary': 'George Edward Horton ( born October 5 , 1953 ) is an American baseball coach . He was head coach of the Oregon Ducks baseball and Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball programs .'}]}, {'value': 'Baseball head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡Former baseball head coach of the Cal State Fullerton Titans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton', 'summary': "California State University , Fullerton ( CSUF or Cal State Fullerton ) is a public university in Fullerton , California . With a total enrollment of about 40,400 , it has the largest student body of the 23-campus California State University ( CSU ) system , and its approximately 5,800 graduate student body is also the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of California . As of Fall 2016 , the school had 2,083 faculty , of which 782 were on the tenure track . The university offers 109 degrees : 57 bachelor 's degrees and 52 graduate degrees , including three doctorates . CSUF is a Hispanic-serving institution and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution ( AANAPISI ) . The university is nationally accredited in art , athletic training , business , chemistry , communications , communicative disorders , computer science , dance , engineering , music , nursing , public administration , public health , social work , teacher education and theater . Spending related to CSUF generates an impact of around $ 2.26 billion to the California and local economy , and sustains nearly 16,000 jobs statewide . CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans . They compete in the Big West Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Chip Kelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chip_Kelly', 'summary': 'Charles Edward Kelly ( born November 25 , 1963 ) is an American football coach who is the head coach for the UCLA Bruins . He was a head coach in the National Football League ( NFL ) twice , with the Philadelphia Eagles from 2013 until 2015 , and with the San Francisco 49ers in 2016 . Before coaching in the NFL , he was the head coach of the Oregon Ducks from 2009 to 2012 , leading the program to four consecutive BCS bowl game appearances including the 2011 BCS National Championship Game .'}]}, {'value': 'Former football head coach , former offensive coordinator', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patrick Kilkenny †', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former athletic director', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernie Kent †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernie_Kent', 'summary': "Ernest Kent ( born January 22 , 1955 ) is an American college basketball coach . He is the former head men 's basketball coach at Washington State University . Prior to Washington State , he served as the head men 's basketball coach at the University of Oregon and at Saint Mary 's ( CA ) . Kent was previously an assistant at Stanford University and also coached abroad in Saudi Arabia . Kent was a college basketball commentator with the Pac-12 Network ."}]}, {'value': 'Former basketball head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dirk Koetter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dirk_Koetter', 'summary': 'Dirk Jeffrey Koetter ( /ˈkʌtər/ KUT-ər ; born February 5 , 1959 ) is an American football coach who is the current offensive coordinator for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League ( NFL ) where he previously served as the offensive coordinator from 2012 to 2014 under then head coach , Mike Smith . He was previously the head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 2016 to 2018 . He was the head coach at Boise State University from 1998 to 2000 and at Arizona State University from 2001 to 2006 , compiling a career college football record of 66-44 ( .600 ) . Koetter was also the offensive coordinator for the Jacksonville Jaguars , Falcons , and Buccaneers .'}]}, {'value': 'Former football offensive coordinator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former football head coach of the Arizona State Sun Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils', 'summary': "The Arizona State Sun Devils are the athletic teams that represent Arizona State University . ASU has nine men 's and eleven women 's varsity teams competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . The mascot was adopted in 1946 ; earlier nicknames were the Normals and later , the Bulldogs . The Sun Devil mascot , Sparky , was designed by former Disney illustrator Bert Anthony . ASU 's chief rival is the University of Arizona Wildcats , and both universities ' athletics departments compete against each other in the Territorial Cup Series ."}]}, {'value': 'Vin Lananna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vin_Lananna', 'summary': 'Vin Lananna ( born January 18 , 1953 ) is an American track and field coach . He coached collegiate teams included the Stanford Cardinal and the Oregon Ducks . He has served as national team coach for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics and the 2016 Rio Olympics . He was included in the 2012 USTFCCCA Hall of Fame as a coach .'}]}, {'value': 'Associate athletic director and track and field head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡Former track and field head coach of the Stanford Cardinal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal', 'summary': "The Stanford Cardinal are the athletic teams that represent Stanford University . As of December 22 , 2019 , Stanford 's program has won 126 NCAA team championships , as well as 25 consecutive NACDA Directors ' Cups , awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation . As of February 15 , 2019 , Stanford-affiliated athletes have won 270 Olympic medals . Stanford 's teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for college football ) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference , along with other schools from the western third of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Harry Marra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Marra', 'summary': "Harry Marra ( born 1947 in Cohoes , New York ) is an American track and field coach . He is best known as the coach of decathlon world record holder Ashton Eaton . After improving the world record twice and two world championship gold medals , Eaton closed off his career by becoming only the third man to defend the Olympic gold medal in the decathlon . Eaton is also the world record holder in the indoor Heptathlon and won three world championships . He also coached Brianne Theisen , Paul Terek , Sheldon Blockburger and four other 8,000 point decathletes ; Brian Brophy , Paul Foxon , Bart Goodell and Chris Wilcox . Theisen won two world championship silver medals in the women 's heptathlon , plus the Commonwealth Games and world indoor pentathlon gold medalist for Canada . Training partners under Marra , Eaton and Theisen were married in July 2013 , officiated by Marra . Marra was a pole vaulter sprinter at Christian Brothers Academy in nearby Albany , New York . After receiving some helpful coaching tips there he learned"}]}, {'value': 'Assistant track and field head coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': '‡Former track and field head coach of the San Francisco State Gators , personal coach for Ashton Eaton ( decathlon and indoor heptathlon world record holder , double Olympic gold medalist , now special consultant for Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_State_Gators', 'summary': "The San Francisco State Gators are the athletic teams that compete at San Francisco State University in San Francisco , California . The nickname applies to the college 's intercollegiate NCAA Division II teams . The nickname was published in the student newspaper , The Leaf , but was long referred to in media alternatively as the Staters and the Golden Gaters . The use of Gaters eventually evolved into the Gators as known today . The Gators have had a total of 275 athletes earn All-American honors and 32 athletes earn Academic All-American honors . 14 Gators have earned an individual national title in their respective sport . SF State competes in the California Collegiate Athletic Association while wrestling competes in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference . The University also offers a number of club and rec sports ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ashton_Eaton', 'summary': "Ashton James Eaton OLY ( born January 21 , 1988 ) is a retired American decathlete and two-time Olympic champion , who holds the world record in the indoor heptathlon event . Eaton was the second decathlete ( after Roman Šebrle ) to break the 9,000-point barrier in the decathlon , with 9,039 points , a score he bettered on August 29 , 2015 , when he beat his own world record with a score of 9,045 points . His world record was broken by Frenchman Kévin Mayer on September 16 , 2018 with a total of 9,126 points , who become the third man to pass the 9,000-point barrier . He competed for the Oregon Track Club Elite team based in Eugene , Oregon . In college , Eaton competed for the University of Oregon , where he was a five-time NCAA champion , and won The Bowerman award in 2010 . In 2011 , Eaton won the first international medal of his career , a silver , in the decathlon at the 2011 World Championships . The following year , Eaton broke his own world record in the heptathlon at the 2012 World Indoor Championships , and then broke the world record in the decathlon at the Olympic Trials . After setting the world record , Eaton won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . He successfully defended his Olympic title in Rio 2016 by winning the decathlon gold medal and tying the Olympic record . Eaton is only the third Olympian ( after Bob Mathias of the US and Great Britain 's Daley Thompson ) to achieve back-to-back gold medals in the decathlon . He announced his retirement from the sport just a few months later on January 3 , 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Decathlon', 'summary': "The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events . The word decathlon was formed , in analogy to the word pentathlon , from Greek δέκα ( déka , meaning ten ) and ἄθλος ( áthlos , or ἄθλον , áthlon , meaning contest or prize ) . Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all . Performance is judged on a points system in each event , not by the position achieved . The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes , while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon . Traditionally , the title of World 's Greatest Athlete has been given to the person who wins the decathlon , thus the world 's greatest athlete of all times is the record-man of decathlon ( Kevin Mayer as of September 2018 ) . This began when King Gustav V of Sweden told Jim Thorpe , You , sir , are the world 's greatest athlete after Thorpe won the decathlon at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912 . The event is similar to the pentathlon held at the ancient Greek Olympics , and also similar to a competition called an all-around , which was contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884 . Another all-around was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics . The modern decathlon first appeared at the 1912 Games . The current official decathlon world record holder is French Kevin Mayer , who scored a total of 9,126 points at the 2018 Décastar in France ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Heptathlon', 'summary': "A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events . The name derives from the Greek hepta ( seven ) and ἄθλος ( áthlos , or ἄθλον , áthlon , meaning feat ) . A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete . There are two heptathlons - the women 's heptathlon and the men 's - composed of different events . The men 's heptathlon is older and is held indoors , while the women 's is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s , first appearing in the Olympics in 1984 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Petersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Petersen', 'summary': "Christopher Scott Petersen ( born October 13 , 1964 ) is an American football coach who was most recently the head coach at the University of Washington . Previously the head coach for eight seasons at Boise State University , Petersen guided the Broncos to two BCS bowl wins : the ( 2006 Season ) 2007 and ( 2009 Season ) 2010 Fiesta Bowls . He is the first two-time winner of the Paul Bear Bryant Award , which he won in 2006 and 2009 . Petersen also won the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award in 2010 . At Washington , Petersen led the Huskies to the College Football Playoff in 2016 , but fell to Alabama in the Peach Bowl . Petersen announced his resignation on December 2 , 2019 , to be effective after the team 's bowl game ."}]}, {'value': 'Former wide receivers coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football head coach of the Boise State Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boise_State_Broncos', 'summary': "The Boise State Broncos are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Boise State University , located in Boise , Idaho . The Broncos compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) . The Broncos have a successful athletic program overall , winning the WAC commissioner 's cup for the 2005-06 and 2009-10 years . Boise State joined the MWC on July 1 , 2011 . Boise State 's best-known program is football , which attained a perfect 13-0 record in 2006 , capped by an overtime win in the Fiesta Bowl over the Oklahoma Sooners . They finished the season as the only major undefeated college football team . BSU 's football team has won the Fiesta Bowl two more times , following the 2009 and 2014 seasons . The school 's Albertsons Stadium , introduced its famous blue artificial turf ( now FieldTurf ) thirty-four years ago in 1986 . Other notable programs at BSU include the nationally ranked women 's gymnastics team , which competes in the Mountain Rim Gymnastics Conference , the men 's and women 's basketball team , and the tennis teams which have consistently had nationally ranked players . In April 2017 , Boise State announced the cessation of its wrestling program with the potential return of baseball , although no time frame was given ; BSU baseball was discontinued after the 1980 season ."}]}, {'value': 'George Seifert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Seifert', 'summary': 'George Gerald Seifert ( born January 22 , 1940 ) is an American former football coach and player . He served as the head coach for the San Francisco 49ers and the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Seifert owned the second greatest winning percentage in NFL history by a head coach at the time of his resignation as the 49ers head coach , second to Guy Chamberlin .'}]}, {'value': 'Former assistant football coach', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former football head coach of the San Francisco 49ers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers', 'summary': "The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team based in the San Francisco Bay Area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) West division . The team currently plays its home games at Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara , California , located 38 miles ( 61 km ) southeast of San Francisco in the heart of Silicon Valley . Since 1988 , the 49ers have been headquartered in Santa Clara . The team was founded in 1946 as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) and joined the NFL in 1949 when the leagues merged . The 49ers were the first major league professional sports franchise based in San Francisco . The name 49ers comes from the prospectors who arrived in Northern California in the 1849 Gold Rush . The team is legally and corporately registered as San Francisco Forty Niners . The team began play at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco before moving across town to Candlestick Park in 1970 and then to Levi 's Stadium in Santa Clara in 2014 . The 49ers won five Super Bowl championships between 1981 and 1994 , led by Hall of Famers Joe Montana , Jerry Rice , Ronnie Lott , Steve Young , and coaches Bill Walsh and George Seifert . They have been division champions 20 times between 1970 and 2019 , making them one of the most successful teams in NFL history . The 49ers have been in the league playoffs 27 times : 26 times in the NFL and one time in the AAFC ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Tedford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Tedford', 'summary': "Jeffrey Raye Tedford ( born November 2 , 1961 ) is an American football coach and former player . He was most recently the head football coach at California State University , Fresno , a position which he held from 2017 to 2019 . From 2002 to 2012 , Tedford was the head football coach at the University of California , Berkeley , where he was twice named Pac-10 Coach of the Year and holds California Golden Bears football program records for most wins , games coached , and bowl game victories . Tedford played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs before playing professionally at quarterback in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . In his first head coaching position , Tedford inherited a Cal team that had won only one game in its 2001 season . He was named conference coach of the year in his first season in 2002 after winning seven games . Cal was ranked No . 2 nationwide midseason in 2007 , the school 's highest ranking since 1951 . However , Tedford 's teams struggled later in his Cal tenure , particularly from 2010 to 2012 , and he was fired after the 2012 season . He was the seventh highest paid California state employee as of 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Former football offensive coordinator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Football head coach of the California Golden Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Golden_Bears', 'summary': "The California Golden Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of California , Berkeley . Referred to in athletic competition as California or Cal , the university fields 30 varsity athletic programs and various club teams in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I primarily as a member of the Pac-12 Conference , and for a limited number of sports as a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) . Over the course of the school 's history , California has won team national titles in 13 men 's and 3 women 's sports and 107 team titles overall . Cal athletes have also competed in the Olympics for a host of different countries . Notable facilities used by the Bears include California Memorial Stadium ( football ) and Haas Pavilion ( basketball and other indoor sports ) . Cal finished the 2010-11 athletic season with 1,219.50 points , earning third place in the Director 's Cup standings , the Golden Bears ' highest finish ever . Cal did not receive any points for its national championships in rugby and men 's crew because those sports are not governed by the NCAA . Cal finished 12th in the 2014-15 standings . In 2014 , Cal instituted a strict academic standard for an athlete 's admission to the university . By the 2017 academic year 80 percent of incoming student athletes were required to comply with the University of California general student requirement of having a 3.0 or higher high school grade point average . California 's nickname originated in 1895 during California 's dominant track and field team 's tour of Midwest and Eastern universities . A blue silk banner with the golden grizzly bear , the state symbol , was displayed by the team during that tour ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Athletic staff', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_University_of_Oregon_faculty_and_staff_9', 'intro': 'This List of University of Oregon faculty and staff includes presidents, staff, and faculty of the University of Oregon.'}
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Between Dirk Koetter and Vin Lananna , who is older ?
Vin Lananna
fee00abcf6e08a8b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_AFL_draft', 'title': '2010 AFL draft', 'header': ['Name', 'Club', 'Date', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Trent Croad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trent_Croad', 'summary': "Trent Eric Croad ( born 9 March 1980 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club and Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . During his 222-game AFL career , he achieved some of the Australian Football League 's highest honours including an AFL premiership medallion , All-Australian selection , and representing Australia and Victoria on multiple occasions ."}]}, {'value': 'Hawthorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Hawthorn Football Club , nicknamed the Hawks , is a professional Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club , founded in 1902 , is the youngest of the Victorian-based teams in the AFL and has won thirteen VFL/AFL premierships . It is the only club to have won premierships in each decade of the 1960s , 1970s , 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . The team play in brown and gold vertically striped guernsey . The club 's Latin motto is spectemur agendo , the English translation being Let us be judged by our acts . The Hawks ' origins are in the inner-eastern Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn and also at Glenferrie Oval , the club 's former administrative and training base and social club . Matches , however , have not been played there since 1973 . In 2006 , Hawthorn 's training and administration facilities were relocated to Waverly Park which is located 27.8 km from the CBD and in the middle of the club 's major supporter base in Melbourne 's outer-eastern region . The mascot of the club is a hawk . Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second ground of York Park in Launceston , Tasmania , with the remaining games played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the club 's current playing home ground . Hawthorn 's current Victorian Football League ( VFL ) affiliate team is the Box Hill Hawks Football Club ."}]}, {'value': '6 January 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , failed to recover from a broken foot suffered in the 2008 Grand Final', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_AFL_Grand_Final', 'summary': "The 2008 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Geelong Football Club and the Hawthorn Football Club , held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 27 September 2008 . It was the 112th annual grand final of the Australian Football League ( formerly the Victorian Football League ) , staged to determine the Premiers for the 2008 AFL season . The match , attended by 100,012 spectators , was won by Hawthorn won by a margin of 26 points , marking that club 's tenth premiership overall and first since 1991 . Hawthorn 's Luke Hodge was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Lovett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Lovett', 'summary': 'Andrew Lovett ( born 11 November 1982 ) is an Aboriginal Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) for Essendon between 2005 and 2009 . He was traded to St Kilda at the end of the 2009 season , but his contract was terminated in February 2010 before he ever played a game for the club .'}]}, {'value': 'St Kilda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club', 'summary': "The St Kilda Football Club , nicknamed the Saints , is an Australian rules football club based in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia . The club plays in the Australian Football League , the sport 's premier league . The club 's name originates from its original home base in the bayside Melbourne suburb of St Kilda in which the club was established in 1873 . The club also has strong links to the south-eastern suburb of Moorabbin , where it was based between 1965 and 2010 . St Kilda were a foundation team of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and later , in 1897 , became a foundation team in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) , which later became known as the Australian Football League ( AFL ) in 1990 . The Saints field teams in the AFL Women 's and VFL Women 's competitions , and are in an alignment with the Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football League . St Kilda have won a single premiership to date , a famous one-point win in the 1966 VFL Grand Final . St Kilda most recently won the minor premiership in the 2009 AFL season and were grand finalists in 2009 and 2010 . St Kilda developed a reputation as perennial underachievers , much of this attributed to their record of finishing last more often than any other club in the league ( 27 times ) , as well as having the second lowest all-time win percentage of any team still playing in the league ."}]}, {'value': '16 February 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dean Solomon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dean_Solomon', 'summary': 'Dean Solomon ( born 9 January 1980 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club and the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Solomon served as caretaker coach with the Gold Coast Football Club for the last 3 games of the 2017 season , following the departure of head coach Rodney Eade on 7 August 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '18 February 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , ongoing knee problems', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brett Kirk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brett_Kirk', 'summary': "Brett Kirk ( born 25 October 1976 ) is a former Australian rules football player of the Sydney Swans and was the AFL 's International Ambassador . Kirk is currently serving as an assistant coach with the Sydney Swans Football Club ."}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Swans', 'summary': "The Sydney Swans are a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874 , the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982 , thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria . Initially playing in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , the Swans joined seven other clubs in founding the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1896 . It won premierships in 1909 , 1918 and 1933 before experiencing a 72-year premiership drought - the longest in the competition 's history . The club broke the drought in 2005 and won another premiership in 2012 . The club has proven to be one of the most consistent teams in the AFL era , failing to make the finals in only four seasons since 1995 , playing the most number of finals matches and winning the second-most matches overall ( only behind Geelong ) since 2000 and boasting a finals winning record of over 50% in the same time period . The Swans ' headquarters and training facilities are located at the Sydney Cricket Ground , the club 's playing home ground since 1982 ."}]}, {'value': '19 May 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simon Goodwin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simon_Goodwin', 'summary': 'Simon Goodwin ( born 26 December 1976 in Adelaide , South Australia ) is the senior coach of the Melbourne Football Club . He is a retired professional Australian rules footballer , a former dual premiership player for the Adelaide Crows , a multi-times All-Australian player and a former captain of the Adelaide Crows . Goodwin played a total of 275 senior games in his AFL career , all for the Adelaide Crows .'}]}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed the Crows , are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has both a men 's team , which played its first match in 1991 , and a women 's team , which began in 2017 in the inaugural season of the AFLW . The club is based in Adelaide , South Australia , playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval . The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes , where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013 . The club song is The Pride of South Australia , to the tune of the US Marines ' Hymn . The Crows were formed in 1990 to be the 'state team ' to represent the South Australia in the AFL . They were originally owned by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , before gaining independence . They played their first season in 1991 . The men 's team won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals , and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 28-year history . The club has had a reserves team compete in the South Australian National Football League since 2014 and has fielded a women 's team in the AFL Women 's competition since 2017 . The men 's team is currently coached by Matthew Nicks and captained by Rory Sloane , who was appointed co-captain alongside Taylor Walker prior to the 2019 season . Don Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015 before departing the club at the end of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '25 May 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tyson Edwards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyson_Edwards_(footballer)', 'summary': "Tyson Edwards ( born 6 August 1976 ) is a former Australian rules footballer with the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Raised in the small Mallee town of Wynarka , around 120 km from Adelaide , he is widely regarded as one of the most consistent and durable players in the game . Between the ages of 11 and 15 , Edwards ' mother Jan would drive him the 250 km round trip to Adelaide at least twice a week so that he could train with West Adelaide 's junior teams . He is married to Mandy with three sons : Jackson , Luke , and Brodie . Recruited from West Adelaide in the SANFL , Edwards made his AFL debut in 1995 and has since established himself as one of the AFL 's most consistent and underrated midfielders . This is to such an extent that he has not won any of the AFL 's major awards , or even a club best and fairest award ; his greatest honour to date has been featuring in Adelaide 's 1997 and 1998 premiership sides . In 2008 , he placed 4th in the Crows Club Champion voting with 137 again highlighting his consistency within the playing group . Edwards played his 300th game for the Adelaide Crows against Essendon in Round 11 , 2009 . The Crows won the match 21.4 ( 130 ) - 18.6 ( 114 ) , and Edwards celebrated by gathering an equal-career-best 41 possessions . Four games later , he and dual-premiership teammate Andrew McLeod played their 290th match together , setting a new VFL/AFL record in the process ; they extended this record to 307 games , which , as of the end of Season 2018 , remains the league record . On 27 May 2010 , Edwards announced his retirement from the AFL , effective immediately , after being dropped from the Adelaide side . Coach Neil Craig later agreed to allow Edwards a farewell game , his 321st , the next week against Fremantle in Adelaide ."}]}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed the Crows , are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has both a men 's team , which played its first match in 1991 , and a women 's team , which began in 2017 in the inaugural season of the AFLW . The club is based in Adelaide , South Australia , playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval . The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes , where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013 . The club song is The Pride of South Australia , to the tune of the US Marines ' Hymn . The Crows were formed in 1990 to be the 'state team ' to represent the South Australia in the AFL . They were originally owned by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , before gaining independence . They played their first season in 1991 . The men 's team won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals , and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 28-year history . The club has had a reserves team compete in the South Australian National Football League since 2014 and has fielded a women 's team in the AFL Women 's competition since 2017 . The men 's team is currently coached by Matthew Nicks and captained by Rory Sloane , who was appointed co-captain alongside Taylor Walker prior to the 2019 season . Don Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015 before departing the club at the end of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '27 May 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective after Round 11 match against Fremantle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Troy Simmonds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Troy_Simmonds', 'summary': 'Troy Simmonds ( born 13 July 1978 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne , Fremantle and Richmond in the Australian Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': '27 May 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective after Round 11 match against St Kilda', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brett Burton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brett_Burton', 'summary': 'Brett Burton ( born 4 May 1978 ) is a retired Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League . He was picked up at Pick 16 in the 1998 AFL Draft by the Adelaide Football Club . He is noted for his spectacular high marking , which saw him win the AFL Mark of the Year in 2009 , freakish goal sense .'}]}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed the Crows , are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has both a men 's team , which played its first match in 1991 , and a women 's team , which began in 2017 in the inaugural season of the AFLW . The club is based in Adelaide , South Australia , playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval . The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes , where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013 . The club song is The Pride of South Australia , to the tune of the US Marines ' Hymn . The Crows were formed in 1990 to be the 'state team ' to represent the South Australia in the AFL . They were originally owned by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , before gaining independence . They played their first season in 1991 . The men 's team won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals , and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 28-year history . The club has had a reserves team compete in the South Australian National Football League since 2014 and has fielded a women 's team in the AFL Women 's competition since 2017 . The men 's team is currently coached by Matthew Nicks and captained by Rory Sloane , who was appointed co-captain alongside Taylor Walker prior to the 2019 season . Don Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015 before departing the club at the end of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '21 June 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott Thornton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Thornton_(footballer)', 'summary': "Scott Thornton ( born 11 September 1982 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played mainly as a defender for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) between 2002 and 2009 . After being selected with the 66th selection in the 2000 AFL Draft he made his AFL debut in 2002 , playing just a single game that year . Apart from in 2005 , when he played in all 22 games , injuries , illness ( Crohn 's disease ) and poor form restricted him to just 66 games in his other seven seasons . At the end of the 2008 season Thornton re-signed with Fremantle for another two seasons . When not selected for Fremantle , Thornton has played 69 games for South Fremantle in the WAFL , including three grand finals , their premiership victory in 2009 and losses in 2001 and 2006 . Thornton announced his retirement during the 2010 season after breaking his leg whilst playing for South Fremantle , having not played a game for Fremantle since Round 18 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '28 June 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , due to injury', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josh Carr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Carr', 'summary': "Joshua Josh Carr ( born 29 April 1980 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played 11 seasons in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was drafted by the Port Adelaide Football Club in the 1998 AFL Draft and made his debut for the club in 2000 . After playing in the Power 's 2004 premiership side , he returned to Western Australia in 2005 to play for the Fremantle Football Club , where he played alongside his elder brother Matthew Carr for four seasons . He returned to Port Adelaide in 2009 and played a further two seasons before retiring at the end of the 2010 season . After his retirement , Carr continued on with the Power as an assistant coach between 2011 and 2015 . He then coached the North Adelaide Roosters for four seasons between 2016 and 2019 , leading the club to the SANFL premiership in 2018 . In October 2019 , he re-joined Fremantle as an assistant coach for the 2020 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': '19 July 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective after Round 17 match against Adelaide', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Playfair ( rookie )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Playfair', 'summary': 'Henry Playfair ( born 22 January 1983 ) is currently the Head of Coaching Performance at the Carlton Football Club having previously been an assistant coach at the St Kilda Football Club and an Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League . Playfair grew up around the town of Holbrook in the Riverina region of New South Wales .'}]}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney_Swans', 'summary': "The Sydney Swans are a professional Australian rules football club which plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Established in Melbourne as the South Melbourne Football Club in 1874 , the Swans relocated to Sydney in 1982 , thus making it the first club in the competition to be based outside Victoria . Initially playing in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , the Swans joined seven other clubs in founding the breakaway Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1896 . It won premierships in 1909 , 1918 and 1933 before experiencing a 72-year premiership drought - the longest in the competition 's history . The club broke the drought in 2005 and won another premiership in 2012 . The club has proven to be one of the most consistent teams in the AFL era , failing to make the finals in only four seasons since 1995 , playing the most number of finals matches and winning the second-most matches overall ( only behind Geelong ) since 2000 and boasting a finals winning record of over 50% in the same time period . The Swans ' headquarters and training facilities are located at the Sydney Cricket Ground , the club 's playing home ground since 1982 ."}]}, {'value': '20 July 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , suffered a serious back injury in the round 14 match against Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Donnelly ( rookie )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed the Crows , are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has both a men 's team , which played its first match in 1991 , and a women 's team , which began in 2017 in the inaugural season of the AFLW . The club is based in Adelaide , South Australia , playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval . The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes , where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013 . The club song is The Pride of South Australia , to the tune of the US Marines ' Hymn . The Crows were formed in 1990 to be the 'state team ' to represent the South Australia in the AFL . They were originally owned by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , before gaining independence . They played their first season in 1991 . The men 's team won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals , and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 28-year history . The club has had a reserves team compete in the South Australian National Football League since 2014 and has fielded a women 's team in the AFL Women 's competition since 2017 . The men 's team is currently coached by Matthew Nicks and captained by Rory Sloane , who was appointed co-captain alongside Taylor Walker prior to the 2019 season . Don Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015 before departing the club at the end of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '20 July 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , due to homesickness', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jason Akermanis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Akermanis', 'summary': 'Jason Dean Akermanis ( born 24 February 1977 ) is a former Australian rules football player . He is a Brownlow Medallist and triple premiership player who played for the Brisbane Bears , Brisbane Lions and Western Bulldogs .'}]}, {'value': 'Western Bulldogs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Bulldogs', 'summary': "The Western Bulldogs ( formerly the Footscray Football Club [ a ] ) is a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Founded in 1877 in Footscray , an inner-western suburb of Melbourne , the club won nine premierships in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) before gaining entry to the Victorian Football League ( since renamed the AFL ) in 1925 . The club has won two VFL/AFL premierships , in 1954 and 2016 , and was runner up in 1961 . It has also claimed one premiership in the AFL Women 's competition , in 2018 , having been a foundation member of the league the previous year . The Western Bulldogs ' home guernsey features two thick horizontal hoops - one red and one white - on a royal blue background . The club 's headquarters and training facilities are located in Footscray at Whitten Oval , nicknamed The Kennel , its original home ground . The club draws much of its supporter base from Melbourne 's traditionally working class western region , and plays its home matches at Docklands Stadium ( currently known as Marvel Stadium ) in the Docklands area , also in the city 's inner-west . In 1996 , the club changed its name from the Footscray Football Club to the Western Bulldogs. [ why ? ] As well as their participation in AFL and AFLW , the club also fields reserves sides in the Victorian Football League and VFL Women 's ."}]}, {'value': '21 July 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sacked', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warren Tredrea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warren_Tredrea', 'summary': "Warren Gary Tredrea ( born 24 December 1978 ) is a former Australian Rules Footballer with the Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) and current Weekday Sports Presenter on Nine News Adelaide . Since his retirement from football , he has become a sports media personality featuring on Nine News Adelaide , 3AW , Triple M and in The Advertiser newspaper . Tredrea went on to become one of the best forwards in the competition , gaining a long list of individual accolades , including being a premiership winning captain , four Port Adelaide Best and Fairests , eight club Leading Goalkicking awards , an AFL Coaches Association 'Champion Player of the Year ' Award , and selection in four All-Australian sides ."}]}, {'value': 'Port Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton , Port Adelaide , South Australia . The club 's senior team plays in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Power , whilst its reserves team competes in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , where they are nicknamed the Magpies . Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL . Since the club 's founding on 12 May 1870 , the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships , including six in a row . The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions . After successfully winning an AFL licence in 1994 the club began competing in the Australian Football League in 1997 as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club - and has subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements ."}]}, {'value': '27 July 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , due to ankle injury', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Cousins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Cousins', 'summary': "Benjamin Luke Cousins ( born 30 June 1978 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for West Coast and Richmond in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . Cousins is listed by journalist Mike Sheahan as one of the fifty greatest players of all time . During his 12-year , 238-game career with West Coast , he won several of the league 's highest individual awards , including a Brownlow Medal , Most Valuable Player and a premiership medallion . He was also selected six times in the All-Australian Team and represented Australia in the International Rules Series . He was West Coast 's club champion for four seasons and captain for five seasons . Cousins ' football career was marred by highly publicised off-field incidents involving recreational drug use , traffic convictions and association with criminal elements . On several occasions he was fined or sanctioned by West Coast , culminating in his contract 's termination in October 2007 . The following month , he was banned from AFL for one year by the AFL Commission for bringing the game into disrepute . Amid predictions that he would remain undrafted , Richmond claimed Cousins with the last pick of the 2008 draft . He played 32 games across two seasons at the club , retiring from the AFL at the end of the 2010 season . Cousins co-produced a documentary film titled Such is Life : The Troubled Times of Ben Cousins , saying he hoped it would serve as a cautionary tale against drug use . Released days after his retirement , it went onto become one of the most-watched documentaries in Australian history ."}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Richmond Football Club , nicknamed the Tigers , is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) , the sport 's premier competition . Between its inception in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907 , the club competed in the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) , winning two premierships . Richmond joined the Victorian Football League ( now known as the AFL ) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships , most recently in 2019 . Richmond 's headquarters and training facilities are located at its original home ground , the Punt Road Oval , which sits adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) , the club 's playing home since 1965 . Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash . The club song , We 're From Tigerland , is well known for its yellow and black refrain . The club is coached by Damien Hardwick and its current captain is Trent Cotchin . Five Richmond players have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as Legends of the sport : Kevin Bartlett , Jack Dyer , Royce Hart , Kevin Sheedy and Ian Stewart ."}]}, {'value': '17 August 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James McDonald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_McDonald_(footballer)', 'summary': 'James McDonald ( born 5 October 1976 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club and Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '19 August 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrew McLeod', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_McLeod', 'summary': 'Andrew Luke McLeod ( born 4 August 1976 ) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He is the games record holder for Adelaide , having played 340 games . McLeod is considered one of the greatest footballers of all time and is often considered by many as the greatest player of the Adelaide Football Club . Mcleod won two premierships for the Adelaide Football Club in 1997 and 1998 . He was also awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best on ground in the 1997 and 1998 AFL grand finals .'}]}, {'value': 'Adelaide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Adelaide Football Club , nicknamed the Crows , are a professional Australian rules football club that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . The club has both a men 's team , which played its first match in 1991 , and a women 's team , which began in 2017 in the inaugural season of the AFLW . The club is based in Adelaide , South Australia , playing its home matches at Adelaide Oval . The club has its training and administration base at Football Park in West Lakes , where it previously played home matches between 1991 and 2013 . The club song is The Pride of South Australia , to the tune of the US Marines ' Hymn . The Crows were formed in 1990 to be the 'state team ' to represent the South Australia in the AFL . They were originally owned by the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) , before gaining independence . They played their first season in 1991 . The men 's team won both the 1997 and 1998 Grand Finals , and have appeared in 15 finals series in their 28-year history . The club has had a reserves team compete in the South Australian National Football League since 2014 and has fielded a women 's team in the AFL Women 's competition since 2017 . The men 's team is currently coached by Matthew Nicks and captained by Rory Sloane , who was appointed co-captain alongside Taylor Walker prior to the 2019 season . Don Pyke permanently succeeded the late Phil Walsh as head coach in October 2015 before departing the club at the end of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '23 August 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Hasleby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Hasleby', 'summary': 'Paul Andrew Hasleby ( born 12 June 1981 ) is a former Australian rules footballer . He played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) and the East Fremantle and South Fremantle Football Clubs in the West Australian Football League ( WAFL ) . He was the winner of the AFL Rising Star award in 2000 , and coached South Fremantle from 2012 to 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Fremantle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Fremantle Football Club , nicknamed the Dockers , is a professional Australian rules football team that competes in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It was founded in 1994 in honour of the rich footballing history associated with the Western Australian port city of Fremantle , and entered the AFL the following year , making it the second team from the state after the West Coast Eagles to be admitted to the competition . Originally based at Fremantle Oval , the club 's training facilities and administrative headquarters are now located nearby at Cockburn ARC in Cockburn Central . The club 's guernsey is purple and white . High-profile players since the club 's inception include six time All-Australian Matthew Pavlich , dual Brownlow Medal winner Nat Fyfe , and the league 's former all-time tallest player Aaron Sandilands . Currently captained by Fyfe , the club is coached by Justin Longmuir , who replaced Ross Lyon at the end of the 2019 home-and-away season . Fremantle is one of only three active AFL clubs ( the others being Gold Coast and Greater Western Sydney ) that has not won a premiership , however it did win the minor premiership in 2015 , and reached the 2013 AFL Grand Final which it lost to Hawthorn . Fremantle has had a team in the AFL Women 's league since its inception in 2017 . They are coached by Trent Cooper and captained by Kara Antonio ."}]}, {'value': '23 August 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Retirement , effective at the end of the 2010 season', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Miller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Miller_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Brad Miller ( born 6 July 1983 ) is a former Australian rules football player who last played for the Richmond Football Club . He previously played with the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) until he was delisted at the end of the 2010 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '23 August 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delisted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Bell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Bell_(footballer)', 'summary': "Daniel Bell ( born 13 April 1985 ) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . He was originally from the town of Kingston SE , South Australia . He was drafted in the 2002 AFL Draft in the first round , with the 14th overall selection from the Glenelg Tigers in the South Australian National Football League ( SANFL ) . He made his debut in round 15 , 2004 against the St Kilda Football Club . In 2005 he played 13 games , and in 2006 played 12 games , but was hampered by injury . In 2007 he got a regular starting spot in the Melbourne side , playing 17 games and even scoring a goal against the Western Bulldogs in round 7 . In round 20 , against Collingwood , he was involved in an incident with Collingwood 's Ben Johnson . With his head over the ball , Johnson crashed into the head of Bell , and Bell lay motionless on the ground before being stretchered off the field . Bell initially feared that he might have broken his back , and he couldnt breathe because of the impact . There were no hard feelings over the incident ; however Johnson was suspended for six weeks for head high contact . He did not play again after the incident in the 2007 season . Bell returned in 2008 to play 18 games and was mainly used as a half back flanker ."}]}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club', 'summary': "The Melbourne Football Club , nicknamed the Demons , is a professional Australian rules football club , playing in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) . It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne , Victoria , and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) . Melbourne is the world 's oldest professional club of any football code . The club 's origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills , captain of the Victoria cricket team , calls for the formation of a foot-ball club with its own code of laws . An informal Melbourne team played that winter and was officially formed in May 1859 when Wills and three other members codified The Rules of the Melbourne Football Club - the basis of Australian rules football . The club was a dominant force in the early years of Australian rules football competition , and was also a foundation member of the Victorian Football Association ( VFA ) in 1877 and the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) in 1896 , which later became the national Australian Football League . Melbourne has won 12 VFL/AFL premierships , the latest in 1964 . Melbourne was a foundation team of the AFL Women 's league , entering the competition in the inaugural year 2017 . The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2008 by naming 150 Heroes as well as creating a birthday logo which appeared on its official guernsey . The football club has been a sporting section of the Melbourne Cricket Club ( MCC ) since 2009 , having previously been associated with the MCC between 1889 and 1980 ."}]}, {'value': '23 August 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delisted', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Player movements -- Retirements and delistings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2010_AFL_Draft_1', 'intro': 'The 2010 AFL draft consisted of four opportunities for player acquisitions during the 2010/11 Australian Football League off-season. These were the trade week; held between (5 October and 12 October), the national draft; held on the (18 November), the pre-season draft (7 December) and the rookie draft (also held on 7 December). This was the first national draft to feature the Gold Coast Suns, ahead of their AFL debut season in 2011. Greater Western Sydney, who joined the league in 2012, only took part in the rookie draft.'}
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What is the club song of the team that drafted Brian Donnelly in the 2010 AFL draft ?
The Pride of South Australia
fee18167e2341f47
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BR_postcode_area', 'title': 'BR postcode area', 'header': ['Postcode district', 'Post town', 'Coverage', 'Local authority area'], 'data': [{'value': 'BR1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BROMLEY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bromley , Bickley , Downham , Sundridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bromley', 'summary': 'Bromley is a large town in South East London , England , and the principal town of the London Borough of Bromley . Its location is 9.3 miles ( 15.0 km ) south-east of Charing Cross , The town , which is also made up of Bickley , Downham , Sundridge , Hayes , Shortlands , Keston and Leaves Green , had a population of 87,889 as of 2011 , whilst the borough overall had a population of 331,096 . Historically a market town , chartered in 1158 , Bromley was an ancient parish in the county of Kent . Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development , and the shift from an agrarian village to commerce and retail . As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century , Bromley significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903 . A commercial and retail district , it has been part of Greater London since 1965 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bickley', 'summary': 'Bickley is a district and a local government electoral ward in South East London , within the London Borough of Bromley . It is located east of Bromley and is situated 10.4 miles ( 16.7 km ) south east of Charing Cross . It is known for its large and expensive houses .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Downham', 'summary': 'Downham is a district of south-east London , England , within the London Borough of Lewisham . It borders the London Borough of Bromley , and is located north of Bromley and south of Catford . Downham was named in honour of Lord Downham , who was chairman of the London County Council between 1919-20 . The Prime Meridian passes just to the west of Downham .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sundridge,_London', 'summary': 'Sundridge Park is an area of South East London within the London Borough of Bromley . It lies north of Bromley and borders the London Borough of Lewisham . It is distinct from Sundridge , a village in the county of Kent .'}]}, {'value': 'Bromley , Lewisham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Bromley', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Bromley ( /ˈbrɒmli/ ( listen ) ) is the southeasternmost of the 32 London boroughs that make up Greater London along with the City of London . It is named after Bromley , its principal town ; other major towns are Beckenham and Orpington . The local authority is Bromley London Borough Council . [ n 1 ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lewisham', 'summary': 'Lewisham ( /ˈluːɪʃəm/ ( listen ) ) is a London borough in South London ; it forms part of Inner London . The principal settlement of the borough is Lewisham . The local authority is Lewisham London Borough Council , based in Catford . Lewisham is well known for its high school exclusion rates : it had the third highest school exclusion rates in the United Kingdom in 2018 . The Prime Meridian passes through Lewisham . Blackheath , Goldsmiths , University of London and Millwall F.C . are located within the borough .'}]}, {'value': 'BR2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BROMLEY , KESTON', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hayes , Shortlands , Bickley , Bromley Common , Keston , Leaves Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hayes,_Bromley', 'summary': 'Hayes is a suburban area of South East London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and the historic county of Kent . It is located south of Bromley , and 11 miles ( 18 km ) south-east of Charing Cross and it neighbours Coney Hall .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shortlands', 'summary': 'Shortlands is an area of South East London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and the historic county of Kent . It is located east of Beckenham and west of Bromley .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bromley_Common', 'summary': 'Bromley Common ( grid reference TQ420670 ) is the area centered on the road of the same name , stretching between Masons Hill at the south end of Bromley and Hastings Road , Locksbottom . The area lies in the London Borough of Bromley and borders onto other suburbs such as Petts Wood and Orpington .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Keston', 'summary': 'Keston is a village in Greater London , England , located within the London Borough of Bromley and beyond London urban sprawl . It is part suburban , part rural in nature and lies on the edge of Hayes Common , to the northwest of the Greater London / Kent border . It includes the small hamlet of Nash to the southwest .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leaves_Green', 'summary': "Leaves Green is a village in Greater London within the London Borough of Bromley . The village lies on the Bromley to Westerham road ( A233 ) , adjacent to the north-western perimeter of Biggin Hill Airport . It is some 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) south of Bromley and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) north of Biggin Hill . Leaves Green village has a large ( and eponymous ) village green which straddles the A233 . This is the location for one of London 's coal tax posts ( number 186 ) which formerly denoted the boundary of the area in which the City of London Corporation was empowered to collect duty on coal . The post is also depicted on the village sign ."}]}, {'value': 'Bromley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BR3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BECKENHAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beckenham , Elmers End , Shortlands , Eden Park , Park Langley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beckenham', 'summary': 'Beckenham ( /ˈbɛkənəm/ ) is a town in Greater London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley . It borders Beckenham Place Park and Bellingham in the London Borough of Lewisham ( to the north ) and is centred 8.4 miles ( 13.5 km ) south-east of Charing Cross . Its population at the 2011 census counted 46,844 inhabitants . Beckenham was , until the coming of the railway in 1857 , a small village , with most of its land being rural and private parkland . John Barwell Cator and his family began the leasing and selling of land for the building of villas which led to a rapid increase in population , between 1850 and 1900 , from 2,000 to 26,000 . Housing and population growth has continued at a lesser pace since 1900 . The town , directly west of Bromley , has areas of commerce and industry , principally around the curved network of streets featuring its high street and is served in transport by three main railway stations - nine within the post town - plus towards its western periphery two Tramlink stations . In common with the rest of Bromley , the largest borough of London by area , Beckenham has several pockets of recreational land which are a mixture of sports grounds , fishing ponds and parks .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elmers_End', 'summary': 'Elmers End is an area of south-east London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley . It is located south of Beckenham .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eden_Park,_London', 'summary': 'Eden Park is an area of South East London , within the London Borough of Bromley . It lies South West of Bromley .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Park_Langley', 'summary': 'Park Langley is a suburb of Beckenham , London which was first developed in the 1900s on the historic Langley Park Estate by H & G Taylor Builders . The initial phase ( 1909-1913 ) was laid out under the influence of the garden city movement with individual houses in a generous sylvan landscape . The layout of the estate and the design of most of the houses was entrusted to Reginald C Fry . Other architects who designed houses for this initial phase were Edgar Underwood , H. T. Bromley , Sothern Dexter , and Durrans & Groves . The first roads to be laid out were Wickham Way , Elwill Way and Hayes Way in 1909 . Malmains Way , Whitecroft Way and Styles Way followed in 1910 . Around 80 houses were complete by 1914 although by that time H & G Taylor had been succeeded by The London and Kent Estate Ltd . This initial phase of the estate was designated a Conservation Area in 1989 . The estate development included a golf club ( opened 1910 ) housed in the old LangleyPark Mansion and a tennis club . The mansion was destroyed by fire in 1913 . The estates most historically interesting house is 2 Whitecroft Way by Reginald C Fry - the design for which won the Ideal Home competition in 1911 and was erected at Olympia in the Ideal Home Show of 1912 . The famous Langley Park Garage ( Chinese Garage ) adjoins the first phase of the Park Langley suburb but was not part of its development .'}]}, {'value': 'Bromley , Lewisham , Croydon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Croydon', 'summary': "The London Borough of Croydon ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a London borough in South London , part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km2 ( 33.6 sq mi ) . It is the southernmost borough of London . At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name ; while other urban centres include Coulsdon , Purley , South Norwood , and Thornton Heath . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London . The borough is now one of London 's leading business , financial and cultural centres , and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre . The borough was formed in 1965 from the merger of the County Borough of Croydon with Coulsdon and Purley Urban District , both of which had been within Surrey . The local authority , Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of London Councils , the local government association for Greater London . The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre . Once London 's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital , it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city . It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction . Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954 , 2000 , 2002 and 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'BR4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WEST WICKHAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Wickham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Wickham', 'summary': 'West Wickham is a suburban area of South East London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and the historic county of Kent . It is on the line of a Roman road , the London to Lewes Way , and is east of Croydon and south west of Bromley . It is 10.3 miles ( 16.6 km ) south east of Charing Cross .'}]}, {'value': 'Bromley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BR5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ORPINGTON', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Petts Wood , St Mary Cray , St Paul 's Cray , Ruxley", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petts_Wood', 'summary': 'Petts Wood is a suburb of south-east London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and previously the historic county of Kent . It lies north-west of Orpington and south-east of Bromley .'}, {'url': '/wiki/St_Mary_Cray', 'summary': 'St Mary Cray is an area of South East London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley . It was a historic market town in the county of Kent . It is located north of Orpington , and 13 miles ( 21 km ) south-east of Charing Cross .'}, {'url': "/wiki/St_Paul's_Cray", 'summary': "St Paul 's Cray is an area of South East London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and the historic county of Kent . It is located south of Sidcup and north of Orpington ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ruxley', 'summary': "Ruxley is a small settlement in southeast London , England , with no present formal boundaries . It is located 21 km ( 13 mi ) southeast by east of Charing Cross , in the northeast corner of the London Borough of Bromley on the borough boundary with the southeast corner of the London Borough of Bexley , and is also adjacent to the Greater London border with Kent , overlapping into the Sevenoaks District and Borough of Dartford in Kent . Ruxley lies east of Sidcup and west of Swanley , on green belt land , where two main roads pass through east-west connecting London to the coast . Ruxley was a parish prior to 1557 and had its own thirteenth century church , St Botolph 's . Ruxley 's central location on the main road made it an important meeting place for the Hundred of Ruxley , which was named after it . Today still a major transport route , Ruxley 's location on green belt land is on the edge of London 's urban sprawl , industrial and residential areas are found on the west side , but to the east this quickly turns into more rural woodland and farmland . Ruxley Gravel Pits is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest located on the west side of Ruxley . Today the area is known for Ruxley Manor , a large site with a garden centre and other retailers and services ."}]}, {'value': 'Bromley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BR6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ORPINGTON', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Orpington , Locksbottom , Farnborough , Green Street Green , Chelsfield , Downe , Pratt 's Bottom , Well Hill", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orpington', 'summary': "Orpington is a town and electoral ward in Greater London , England , at the south-eastern edge of London 's urban sprawl . Part of the borough of Bromley , it is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London . It was an ancient parish in the county of Kent . It is located is 13.3 miles from Charing Cross . The town of Orpington , including its localities such as Petts Wood , Farnborough and Chelsfield , had a population of 90,315 as of 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Locksbottom', 'summary': "Locksbottom is an area of South East London within the London Borough of Bromley . It is located west of Orpington and south east of Bromley . It consists of a parade of shops on Crofton Road running from the Fantail to Tugmutton Common . At one end is the Black Horse pub , with the Whyte Lion pub at the other . The major building in the area is a large Sainsbury 's which backs onto the Princess Royal University Hospital . The hospital , which originally started as a workhouse infirmary in March 1845 , developed into one of Bromley 's main hospitals by the late 1990s . Locksbottom was famous in the 1970s for its Christmas lights displays and had many famous personalities switching on the lights , but over the last few years it has declined dramatically . Locksbottom has still maintained its village atmosphere , but has suffered with the increase of bigger local shopping complexes ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Farnborough,_London', 'summary': 'Farnborough is an area of South East London within the London Borough of Bromley . It is located south west of Orpington and south east of Bromley . It is also 13.4 miles ( 21.6 km ) southeast of Charing Cross .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Green_Street_Green', 'summary': 'Green Street Green is a village in South East London , in the London Borough of Bromley . It is located south of Orpington . It is within the historic boundaries of Kent and has been administered as part of London since 1965 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chelsfield', 'summary': "Chelsfield is a large village in south-east London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley . It is south-east of Orpington , near London 's county border with Kent . It is within the historic boundaries of Kent but has been administered as part of London since 1965 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Downe', 'summary': 'Downe ( /daʊn/ ) is a village in Greater London , England , located within the London Borough of Bromley but beyond the London urban sprawl . Downe is 3.4 miles ( 5.5 km ) south west of Orpington and 14.2 miles ( 22.9 km ) south east of Charing Cross . Downe lies on a hill , and much of the centre of the village is unchanged ; the former village school now acts as the village hall . The word Downe originates from the Anglosaxon word dūn , latterly down , hence the South and North Downs . In April 1965 , it ( and the remaining part of Orpington Urban District Council ) , which was abolished , came within the newly created London Borough of Bromley . The village is in the historic county of Kent . When Charles Darwin moved there in 1842 , the village was known as Down . Its name was changed later to Downe .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Pratt's_Bottom", 'summary': "Pratt 's Bottom is a village in Greater London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and the historic county of Kent . It is south of its parent parish of Orpington , and beyond London 's urban sprawl . It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names . It is a small village , consisting of a main road ( Rushmore Hill ) on which is situated a school , a village shop ( the post office was closed as part of the widespread branch closures of June 2008 ) and the Bulls Head pub , two small churches and a few side roads . There is a village hall behind the green ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Well_Hill', 'summary': 'Well Hill is a small rural settlement within the civil parish of Shoreham in the Sevenoaks District of Kent , England . It lies between the M25 motorway and Orpington , in the London Borough of Bromley , and is 16 miles ( 26 km ) south-east of Charing Cross , the traditional centre of London . The hamlet consists of several small cross roads on minor country roads which are mostly without street lighting or pavement and some are single track for a length and lined with trees . There are many detached houses with fairly large gardens , scattered with trees , a public house and a small church ; further out there are several farms with many fields , and larger , denser woodland . Well Hill is sometimes referred to as a village but usually a hamlet ; although not an absolute definition , it does not have its own parish at present . Well Hill along with Crockenhill to the north make the electoral ward Crockenhill and Well Hill Ward ; however the settlement is within the Shoreham Parish not Crockenhill Parish . Well Hill has a UKIP councillor .'}]}, {'value': 'Bromley , Sevenoaks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sevenoaks_District', 'summary': 'Sevenoaks is a local government district in west Kent , England . Its council is based in the town of Sevenoaks . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Sevenoaks Urban District , Sevenoaks Rural District and part of Dartford Rural District .'}]}, {'value': 'BR7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CHISLEHURST', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chislehurst , Elmstead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chislehurst', 'summary': 'Chislehurst ( /ˈtʃɪzəlˌhɜːrst/ ) is a suburban district in southeast London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley . It borders the London Boroughs of Bexley and Greenwich , and lies east of Bromley and southwest of Sidcup . It is 10.5 miles ( 16.9 km ) southeast of Charing Cross . Chislehurst is in the historic county of Kent .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elmstead,_London', 'summary': 'Elmstead is a residential district in south-east London , England , within the London Borough of Bromley and the historic county of Kent . It is located north-east of Bromley .'}]}, {'value': 'Bromley , Greenwich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich', 'summary': "The Royal Borough of Greenwich ( /ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ ( listen ) , /ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ/ , /ˈɡrɪnɪtʃ/ or /ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ/ ) is a London borough in southeast London . Taking its name from the historic town of Greenwich , the London Borough of Greenwich was formed in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 . The new borough covered the former area of the Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich and part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich to the east . The local council is Greenwich London Borough Council which meets in Woolwich Town Hall . The council 's offices are also based in Woolwich , the main urban centre in the borough . Greenwich is world-famous as the location of the Greenwich prime meridian , on which all Coordinated Universal Time is based . The prime meridian running through Greenwich and the Greenwich Observatory is where the designation Greenwich Mean Time , or GMT began , and on which all world times are based . In 2012 , Greenwich was listed as a top ten global destination by Frommer 's - the only UK destination to be listed . To mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II , Greenwich became a Royal Borough on 3 February 2012 , due in part to its historic links with the Royal Family , and to its UNESCO World Heritage Site status as home of the Prime Meridian ."}]}, {'value': 'BR8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SWANLEY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swanley , Hextable , Crockenhill , Swanley Village , Hockenden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swanley', 'summary': 'Swanley is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent , England . It is located approximately 15 miles ( 24 km ) southeast of central London , adjacent to the Greater London boundary and within the M25 motorway periphery . The population at the 2011 census was 16,226 . The local council is Swanley Town Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hextable', 'summary': 'Hextable is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent , England . It lies 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) north of Swanley and 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) south of Dartford .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Crockenhill', 'summary': 'Crockenhill is a village in the Sevenoaks District of Kent , England . It is located south of Swanley and east of Orpington , and lies close to the border with Greater London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swanley_Village', 'summary': 'Swanley Village is a small village in the Sevenoaks District of Kent , England located 1 mile north east of Swanley . Swanley Village was originally known as Swanley but with the arrival of the London , Chatham and Dover Railway line , specifically the junction between the Chatham Main Line and the Maidstone East Line to the west of the village , a new settlement grew up . This was called Swanley Junction , but soon grew and became known as Swanley , with the village thus becoming known as Swanley Village . Its church is dedicated to St Paul . The local pubs are The Lamb and The Red Lion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hockenden', 'summary': 'Hockenden is a rural hamlet of South East London , within the London Borough of Bromley . It is located on the border of Greater London with Kent , north west of Swanley .'}]}, {'value': 'Sevenoaks , Bromley , Dartford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford', 'summary': 'The Borough of Dartford is a local government district in the north-west of the county of Kent , England . Its council is based in the town of Dartford . It is part of the contiguous London urban area . It borders the borough of Gravesham to the east , Sevenoaks District to the south , the London Borough of Bexley to the west , and the Thurrock unitary authority in Essex to the north , across the River Thames . The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Dartford , the Swanscombe Urban District , and part of the Dartford Rural District . According to the 2011 Census , its population was 97,365 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Coverage', 'section_text': 'The approximate coverage of the postcode districts :', 'uid': 'BR_postcode_area_0', 'intro': 'The BR postcode area, also known as the Bromley postcode area, is a group of eight postcode districts in England, within seven post towns. These cover part of south-eastern Greater London, as well as a small part of north-west Kent. The area covers much of the London Borough of Bromley, as well as small parts of the London Borough of Lewisham, the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Croydon. Most of BR8 and a small part of BR6 cover the northwestern part of the Sevenoaks District of Kent, while BR8 also covers the hamlet of Clement Street in the borough of Dartford. Mail for the area was sorted in Bromley until 1988, when this site was converted to a delivery office only.'}
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Which postcode district belongs to a local authority area that was formed by the merger of Sevenoaks Urban District , Sevenoaks Rural District and part of Dartford Rural District . ?
BR6
fee22b41fbf0a053
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_California_state_forests', 'title': 'List of California state forests', 'header': ['State Forest', 'Land area', 'County', 'City', 'Established'], 'data': [{'value': 'Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boggs_Mountain_Demonstration_State_Forest', 'summary': "Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest is a state forest located on State Route 175 , eight miles ( 13 km ) south of Clear Lake in Lake County , California , USA . It is one of the largest mountains in the area , with a length of 10 miles ( 16 km ) east to west and width of 4 miles ( 6 km ) north to south . The mountain 's highest point is 3,750 feet ( 1,143 m ) elevation . Like nearby mountains such as Cobb Mountain , Boggs is volcanic in origin . It receives heavy rainfall , winter snow and has at least two perennial springs . Boggs Mountain State Forest is managed by the California Department of Forestry ( CDF ) . CDF ( now officially renamed Cal-Fire ) purchased 3,433 acres ( 13.89 km2 ) in 1949 from the Calso Company for 38,000 dollars Due to hazards from the Valley Fire , the forest is now closed until further notice ."}]}, {'value': '3,493 acres ( 14.14 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_County,_California', 'summary': "Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 64,665 . The county seat is Lakeport . The county takes its name from Clear Lake , the dominant geographic feature in the county and the largest natural lake wholly within California ( Lake Tahoe is partially in Nevada ; the Salton Sea was formed by flooding ) . Lake County forms the Clearlake , California micropolitan statistical area . It is directly north of the San Francisco Bay Area . Lake County is part of California 's Wine Country , which also includes Napa , Sonoma and Mendocino counties . It includes five American Viticultural Areas and over 35 wineries ."}]}, {'value': 'Cobb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cobb,_California', 'summary': 'Cobb is a census designated place ( CDP ) in Lake County , California , United States . Cobb is located 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) northwest of Whispering Pines , at an elevation of 2,631 feet ( 802 m ) . The population was 1,778 at the 2010 census , up from 1,638 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ellen Pickett State Forest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '160 acres ( 0.65 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinity_County,_California', 'summary': "Trinity County is a county in the northwestern part of the state of California . Trinity County is rugged , mountainous , heavily forested , and lies along the Trinity River within the Salmon and Klamath Mountains . It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities . Weaverville has the distinction of housing some of California 's oldest buildings . The courthouse , built in 1856 , is the second oldest in the state , and the Weaverville Drug Store has been filling prescriptions since 1852 . The Joss House is a historic Taoist temple built in 1873 . As of the 2010 census , the population was 13,786 , making it the fourth least-populous county in California . The county seat and largest community is Weaverville ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jackson Demonstration State Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackson_Demonstration_State_Forest', 'summary': 'Jackson Demonstration State Forest is the largest demonstration forest operated by the State of California . The forest is entirely located within Mendocino County on land formerly owned by Caspar Lumber Company along California State Highway 20 between Willits and the coastal city of Fort Bragg . It is managed by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection . Logging of the area began in 1862 , and intense industrial logging has taken place for many decades . There have been several generations of harvests and replantings . The 48,652 acres ( 196.89 km2 ) that make up the forest were purchased in 1947 and the demonstration forest was created in 1949 . Coast redwood is the most common type of tree in the forest , but there is also Douglas fir , grand fir , hemlock , bishop pine , tanoak , alder , madrone and bay myrtle . The elevation of the land varies from 80 to 2,200 feet ( 670 m ) . Precipitation near the coast averages 39 inches ( 990 mm ) per year , but the average is 70 inches ( 1,800 mm ) per year inland . The temperature reaches a low of 25 °F ( −4 °C ) and a high of 100 °F ( 38 °C ) .'}]}, {'value': '48,652 acres ( 196.89 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mendocino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California', 'summary': "Mendocino County is a county located on the North Coast of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 87,841 . The county seat is Ukiah . Mendocino County consists wholly of the Ukiah , CA Micropolitan Statistical Area ( μSA ) for the purposes of the U.S. Census Bureau . It is located approximately equidistant from the San Francisco Bay Area and California/Oregon border , separated from the Sacramento Valley to the east by the California Coast Ranges . While smaller areas of redwood forest are found further south , it is the southernmost California county to be included in the World Wildlife Fund 's Pacific temperate rainforests ecoregion , the largest temperate rainforest ecoregion on the planet . The county is noted for its distinctive Pacific Ocean coastline , its location along California 's Lost Coast , Redwood forests , wine production , microbrews , and liberal views about the use of cannabis and support for its legalization . In 2009 it was estimated that roughly one-third of the economy was based on the cultivation of marijuana . The notable historic and recreational attraction of the Skunk Train connects Fort Bragg with Willits in Mendocino County via a steam-locomotive engine , along with other vehicles ."}]}, {'value': 'Fort Bragg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_California', 'summary': "Fort Bragg is a coastal city along California 's Shoreline Highway in Mendocino County . It is 24 mi ( 39 km ) west of Willits , at an elevation of 85 feet ( 26 m ) . A California Historical Landmark , the city was founded , prior to the American Civil War , as a military garrison rather than a fortification . Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its picturesque views of the Pacific Ocean . Its population was 7,273 at the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Las Posadas State Forest', 'urls': []}, {'value': '796 acres ( 3.22 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Napa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Napa_County,_California', 'summary': "Napa County is a county north of San Pablo Bay in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 136,484 . The county seat is the City of Napa . Napa County was one of the original counties of California , created in 1850 at the time of statehood . Parts of the county 's territory were given to Lake County in 1861 . Napa County comprises the Napa , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area . It is one of four North Bay counties . Napa County , once the producer of many different crops , is known today for its regional wine industry , rising to the first rank of wine regions with France by local wineries Stag 's Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena winning the Judgment of Paris in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'Angwin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angwin,_California', 'summary': 'Angwin is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Napa County , United States . California , best known as the site of Pacific Union College . It is part of the northern San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 3,051 at the 2010 census . Its area code is 707 . Its two zip codes are 94508 and 94576 . It is in the Pacific time zone .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LaTour Demonstration State Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LaTour_Demonstration_State_Forest', 'summary': 'LaTour Demonstration State Forest is a state forest totaling 9,033 acres in the southern Cascade Range and Shasta County , in northern California . It became a state forest in 1946 .'}]}, {'value': '9,033 acres ( 36.56 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shasta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shasta_County,_California', 'summary': 'Shasta County , officially the County of Shasta , is a county in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 177,223 . The county seat is Redding . Shasta County comprises the Redding , California Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county occupies the northern reaches of the Sacramento Valley , with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range . Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake , Lassen Peak , and the Sundial Bridge .'}]}, {'value': 'Redding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Redding,_California', 'summary': "Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County , California , United States , in the northern part of the state . It lies along the Sacramento River , 162 miles ( 261 kilometers ) north of Sacramento , and 120 miles ( 190 km ) south of California 's northern border , shared with the state of Oregon . Interstate 5 bisects the entire city , from the south to north before it approaches Shasta Lake , which is located 15 miles ( 24 km ) to the north . The 2010 population was 90,322 . Redding is the largest city in the Shasta Cascade region , and it is the sixth-largest city in the Sacramento Valley , behind Chico , Sacramento , Elk Grove , Roseville , and Vacaville ."}]}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Zion_Demonstration_State_Forest', 'summary': 'Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest is located in the town of Pine Grove , Amador County , California , United States . It features a ranger lookout station and microwave tower atop Mount Zion , which is accessed via Mount Zion Road from California State Route 88 .'}]}, {'value': '164 acres ( 0.66 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amador_County,_California', 'summary': 'Amador County , is a county in the U.S. state of California , in the Sierra Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 38,091 . The county seat is Jackson . Amador County bills itself as The Heart of the Mother Lode and lies within the Gold Country . There is a substantial viticultural industry in the county .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_Home_Demonstration_State_Forest', 'summary': 'Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest ( MHDSF ) is a state forest located on Bear Creek Road ( Tulare County Route 220 ) , 28 km ( 17 mi ) northeast of Springville in Tulare County , California . The protected land covers an area of 4,807 acres ( 19 km2 ) with an elevation range between 1,463 m ( 4,800 ft ) and 2,377.5 m ( 7,800 ft ) . The forest is best known for its namesake giant sequoia grove , Mountain Home Grove , which is home to some of the largest giant sequoias in the world .'}]}, {'value': '4,807 acres ( 19.45 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tulare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulare_County,_California', 'summary': 'Tulare County ( /tʊˈlɛəri/ tuu-LAIR-ee ) is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 442,179 . Its county seat is Visalia . The county is named for Tulare Lake , once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes . Drained for agricultural development , the site is now in Kings County , which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County . Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county is located south of Fresno , spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada . Sequoia National Park is located in the county , as are part of Kings Canyon National Park , in its northeast corner ( shared with Fresno County ) , and part of Mount Whitney , on its eastern border ( shared with Inyo County ) . As of the 2010 census , the population was 442,179 , up from 368,021 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Springville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Springville,_California', 'summary': 'Springville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Tulare County , California , United States . The population was 934 at the 2010 census , down from 1,109 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '1946', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soquel Demonstration State Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soquel_Demonstration_State_Forest', 'summary': "Soquel Demonstration State Forest is one of eight Cal Fire operated Demonstration State Forests totaling 71,000 acres . Collectively , the forests represent the most common forest types in the state . The State Forests grow approximately 75 million board feet yearly and harvest an average of 30 million board feet of timber each year , enough to build 3,000 single-family homes . Revenue from these harvests fund a variety of the Department 's Resource Management Programs . In addition , the forests provide research and demonstration projects on forest management , while providing public recreation opportunities , fish and wildlife habitat , and watershed protection . [ ca.gov 1 ] The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection ( Board ) policy provides that the State Forests shall be used for experimentation to determine the economic feasibility of artificial reforestation , and to demonstrate the productive and economic possibilities of good forest practices toward maintaining forest crop land in a productive condition . The management objectives and plans developed for each State Forest are subject to periodic review and approval by the Board . [ ca.gov 1 ]"}]}, {'value': '2,681 acres ( 10.85 km )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California', 'summary': 'Santa Cruz County , California , officially the County of Santa Cruz , is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 262,382 . The county seat is Santa Cruz . Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz-Watsonville , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area . The county is on the California Central Coast , south of the San Francisco Bay Area region . The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay , with Monterey County forming the southern coast .'}]}, {'value': 'Soquel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soquel,_California', 'summary': 'Soquel /soʊˈkɛl/ is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Santa Cruz County , California , United States approximately 75 miles ( 120 km ) south of San Francisco , and forms part of the north coast of Monterey Bay . The population was 9,644 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of California state forests , operated by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection .', 'uid': 'List_of_California_state_forests_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of California state forests, operated by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.'}
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How many acres are contined in the forest that is located in the county whose county seat is Redding ?
9,033
fee24927b1bad856
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_blood_group_systems', 'title': 'Human blood group systems', 'header': ['ISBT No', 'System name', 'System symbol', 'Epitope or carrier , notes', 'Chromosome'], 'data': [{'value': '001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABO_blood_group_system', 'summary': 'The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one , both , or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes . In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 36 different blood type ( or group ) classification systems currently recognized . A very rare ( in modern medicine ) mismatch in this , or any other serotype , can cause a serious , potentially fatal , adverse reaction after a transfusion , or a contra-indicated immune response to an organ transplant . The associated anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually IgM antibodies , which are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances , such as food , bacteria , and viruses . The ABO blood types were discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 , for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930 . ABO blood types are also present in some other animals such as rodents and apes , including chimpanzees , bonobos , and gorillas .'}]}, {'value': 'ABO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carbohydrate ( N-Acetylgalactosamine , galactose ) . A , B and H antigens mainly elicit IgM antibody reactions , although anti-H is very rare , see the Hh antigen system ( Bombay phenotype , ISBT # 18 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/N-Acetylgalactosamine', 'summary': 'N-Acetylgalactosamine ( GalNAc ) , is an amino sugar derivative of galactose .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Galactose', 'summary': 'Galactose ( /ɡəˈlæktoʊs/ , galacto- + -ose , milk sugar ) sometimes abbreviated Gal , is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose , and about 65% as sweet as sucrose . It is a C-4 epimer of glucose . A galactose linked with a glucose comprise lactose . Galactan is a polymeric form of galactose found in hemicellulose , and forming the core of the galactans , a class of natural polymeric carbohydrates .'}, {'url': '/wiki/IgM', 'summary': 'Immunoglobulin M ( IgM ) is one of several isotypes of antibody ( also known as immunoglobulin ) that are produced by vertebrates . IgM is the largest antibody , and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen . In the case of humans and other mammals that have been studied , the spleen , where plasmablasts responsible for antibody production reside , is the major site of specific IgM production .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hh_antigen_system', 'summary': 'Hh or the Bombay blood group , is a rare blood type . This blood phenotype was first discovered in Bombay , now known as Mumbai , in India , by Dr. Y. M. Bhende in 1952 . It is mostly found in South Asia ( India , Bangladesh , Pakistan ) and parts of Middle East such as Iran .'}]}, {'value': '9q34.2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_9', 'summary': 'Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome , as they normally do with all chromosomes . Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million base pairs of nucleic acids ( the building blocks of DNA ) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .'}]}, {'value': '002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MNS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MNS_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The MNS antigen system is a human blood group system based upon two genes ( glycophorin A and glycophorin B ) on chromosome 4 . There are currently 46 antigens in the system , but the five most important are called M , N , S , s , and U . The system can be thought of as two separate groups : the M and N antigens are at one location on the ECM and S , s , and U are on a closely related location . The two groups are very closely located together on chromosome 4 and are inherited as a haplotype .'}]}, {'value': 'MNS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPA / GPB ( glycophorins A and B ) . Main antigens M , N , S , s', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glycophorin', 'summary': 'A glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell . It is a membrane-spanning protein and carries sugar molecules . It is heavily glycosylated ( 60% ) . Glycophorins are rich in sialic acid , which gives the red blood cells a very hydrophilic-charged coat . This enables them to circulate without adhering to other cells or vessel walls . A particular mutation in Glycophorins is thought to produce a 40% reduction in risk of severe malaria .'}]}, {'value': '4q31.21', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_4', 'summary': 'Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 4 spans more than 186 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 6 and 6.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .'}]}, {'value': '003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'P', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/P_antigen_system', 'summary': 'P antigen system is a human blood group system based upon the A4GALT and B3GALNT1 genes on chromosome 22 .'}]}, {'value': 'P', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycolipid . Three antigens : P 1 , P , and P', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glycolipid', 'summary': 'Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic ( covalent ) bond . Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition , which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues . Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes , where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment .'}]}, {'value': '22q13.2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_22', 'summary': 'Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells . Humans normally have two copies of chromosome 22 in each cell . Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome , spanning about 49 million DNA base pairs and representing between 1.5 and 2% of the total DNA in cells . In 1999 , researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced they had determined the sequence of base pairs that make up this chromosome . Chromosome 22 was the first human chromosome to be fully sequenced . Human chromosomes are numbered by their apparent size in the karyotype , with Chromosome 1 being the largest and Chromosome 22 having originally been identified as the smallest . However , genome sequencing has revealed that Chromosome 21 is actually smaller than Chromosome 22 .'}]}, {'value': '004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rh_blood_group_system', 'summary': 'The Rh blood group system is one of 36 known human blood group systems . It is the second most important blood group system , after the ABO blood group system . The Rh blood group system consists of 49 defined blood group antigens , among which the five antigens D , C , c , E , and e are the most important . There is no d antigen . Rh ( D ) status of an individual is normally described with a positive or negative suffix after the ABO type ( e.g. , someone who is A Positive has the A antigen and the Rh ( D ) antigen , whereas someone who is A Negative lacks the Rh ( D ) antigen ) . The terms Rh factor , Rh positive , and Rh negative refer to the Rh ( D ) antigen only . Antibodies to Rh antigens can be involved in hemolytic transfusion reactions and antibodies to the Rh ( D ) and Rh ( c ) antigens confer significant risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn . The term Rh was originally an abbreviation of Rhesus factor . It was discovered in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener , who , at the time , believed it to be a similar antigen found in rhesus monkey red blood cells . It was subsequently learned the human factor is not identical to the rhesus monkey factor , but by then , Rhesus Group and like terms were already in widespread , worldwide use . Thus , notwithstanding it is a misnomer , the term survives ( e.g. , rhesus blood group system and the obsolete terms rhesus factor , rhesus positive , and rhesus negative - all three of which actually refer specifically and only to the Rh D factor and are thus misleading when unmodified ) . Contemporary practice is to use Rh as a term of art instead of Rhesus ( e.g. , Rh Group , Rh factors , Rh D , etc .'}]}, {'value': 'RH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protein . C , c , D , E , e antigens ( there is no d antigen ; lowercase d indicates the absence of D )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1p36.11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_1', 'summary': 'Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome . Humans have two copies of chromosome 1 , as they do with all of the autosomes , which are the non-sex chromosomes . Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs , which are the basic units of information for DNA . It represents about 8% of the total DNA in human cells . It was the last completed chromosome , sequenced two decades after the beginning of the Human Genome Project .'}]}, {'value': '005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lutheran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lutheran_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The Lutheran antigen systems is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells . There are 19 known Lutheran antigens . All of these antigena arise from variations in a gene called BCAM ( basal cell adhesion molecule ) . The system is based on the expression of two codominant alleles , designated Lua and Lub . The antigens Aua and Aub , known as the Auberger antigens , were once thought to make up a separate blood group but were later shown to be Lutheran antigens arising from variations in the BCAM gene . The phenotypes Lu ( a+b− ) and Lu ( a+b+ ) are found at various frequencies within populations . The Lu ( a−b+ ) phenotype is the most common in all populations , whereas the Lu ( a−b− ) phenotype is uncommon . Though present in the fetus , it is seldom the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis or of transfusion reactions .'}]}, {'value': 'LU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protein ( member of the immunoglobulin superfamily ) . Set of 21 antigens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily', 'summary': 'The immunoglobulin superfamily ( IgSF ) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition , binding , or adhesion processes of cells . Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily based on shared structural features with immunoglobulins ( also known as antibodies ) ; they all possess a domain known as an immunoglobulin domain or fold . Members of the IgSF include cell surface antigen receptors , co-receptors and co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system , molecules involved in antigen presentation to lymphocytes , cell adhesion molecules , certain cytokine receptors and intracellular muscle proteins . They are commonly associated with roles in the immune system . Otherwise , the sperm-specific protein IZUMO1 , a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily , has also been identified as the only sperm membrane protein essential for sperm-egg fusion .'}]}, {'value': '19q13.32', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_19', 'summary': 'Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 19 spans more than 58.6 million base pairs , the building material of DNA .'}]}, {'value': '006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kell_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The Kell antigen system ( also known as Kell-Cellano system ) is a group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells . Kell can be noted as K , k , or Kp . The Kell antigens are peptides found within the Kell protein , a 93-kilodalton transmembrane zinc-dependent endopeptidase which is responsible for cleaving endothelin-3 .'}]}, {'value': 'KEL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycoprotein . K 1 can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn ( anti-Kell ) , which can be severe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(anti-Kell)', 'summary': 'Hemolytic disease of the newborn ( anti-Kell1 ) is the second most common cause of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn ( HDN ) after Rh disease . Anti-Kell1 is becoming relatively more important as prevention of Rh disease is also becoming more effective . Hemolytic disease of the newborn ( anti-Kell1 ) is caused by a mismatch between the Kell antigens of the mother and fetus . About 91% of the population are Kell1 negative and about 9% are Kell1 positive . A fraction of a percentage are homozygous for Kell1 . Therefore , about 4.5% of babies born to a Kell1 negative mother are Kell1 positive . [ citation needed ] The disease results when maternal antibodies to Kell1 are transferred to the fetus across the placental barrier , breaching immune privilege . These antibodies can cause severe anemia by interfering with the early proliferation of red blood cells as well as causing alloimmune hemolysis . Very severe disease can occur as early as 20 weeks gestation . Hydrops fetalis can also occur early . The finding of anti-Kell antibodies in an antenatal screening blood test ( indirect Coombs test ) is an indication for early referral to a specialist service for assessment , management and treatment . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '7q34', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_7', 'summary': 'Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 7 spans about 159 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .'}]}, {'value': '007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lewis_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The Lewis antigen system is a human blood group system . It is based upon two genes on chromosome 19 : FUT3 , or Lewis gene ; and FUT2 , or Secretor gene . Both genes are expressed in glandular epithelia . FUT2 has a dominant allele which codes for an enzyme ( designated Se ) and a recessive allele which does not produce a functional enzyme ( designated se ) . Similarly , FUT3 has a functional dominant allele ( Le ) and a non-functional recessive allele ( le ) . The proteins produced by the FUT2 and FUT3 genes modify type I oligosaccharide chains to create Lewis antigens . These oligosaccharide chains are similar to the type II chains of the ABO blood system , with a single bond in a different position . The link between the Lewis blood group and secretion of the ABO blood group antigens was possibly the first example of multiple effects of a human gene : the same enzyme ( fucosyltransferase2 ) which converts the Le-a antigen to Le-b is also responsible for the presence of soluble A , B and H antigens in bodily fluids . There are two main types of Lewis antigens , Lewis a ( Le-a ) and Lewis b ( Le-b ) . There are three common phenotypes : Le ( a+b- ) , Le ( a-b+ ) , and Le ( a-b- ) . The enzyme fucosyltransferase 3 ( FUT3 ) , encoded by Le gene , adds a fucose to the precursor oligosaccharide substrate , converting it to the Le-a antigen . People who have the Le allele and who are non-secretors ( homozygous for the nonfunctional se allele ) will express the Le-a antigen in their bodily fluids and on their erythrocytes .'}]}, {'value': 'LE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carbohydrate ( fucose residue ) . Main antigens Le and Le - associated with tissue ABH antigen secretion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fucose', 'summary': 'Fucose is a hexose deoxy sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5 . It is found on N-linked glycans on the mammalian , insect and plant cell surface . Fucose is the fundamental sub-unit of the seaweed polysaccharide fucoidan . The α ( 1→3 ) linked core of fucose is a suspected carbohydrate antigen for IgE-mediated allergy . Two structural features distinguish fucose from other six-carbon sugars present in mammals : the lack of a hydroxyl group on the carbon at the 6-position ( C-6 ) ( thereby making it a deoxy sugar ) and the L-configuration . It is equivalent to 6-deoxy-l-galactose . In the fucose-containing glycan structures , fucosylated glycans , fucose can exist as a terminal modification or serve as an attachment point for adding other sugars . In human N-linked glycans , fucose is most commonly linked α-1,6 to the reducing terminal β-N-acetylglucosamine . However , fucose at the non-reducing termini linked α-1,2 to galactose forms the H antigen , the substructure of the A and B blood group antigens . Fucose is released from fucose-containing polymers by an enzyme called α-fucosidase found in lysosomes . l-Fucose has several potential applications in cosmetics , pharmaceuticals , and dietary supplements Fucosylation of antibodies has been established to reduce binding to the Fc receptor of Natural Killer cells and thereby reduce antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity . Therefore , afucosylated monoclonal antibodies have been designed to recruit the immune system to cancers cells have been manufactured in cell lines deficient in the enzyme for core fucosylation ( FUT8 ) , thereby enhancing the in vivo cell killing .'}]}, {'value': '19p13.3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_19', 'summary': 'Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 19 spans more than 58.6 million base pairs , the building material of DNA .'}]}, {'value': '008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duffy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system', 'summary': 'Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor ( DARC ) , also known as Fy glycoprotein ( FY ) or CD234 ( Cluster of Differentiation 234 ) , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DARC gene . The Duffy antigen is located on the surface of red blood cells , and is named after the patient in which it was discovered . The protein encoded by this gene is a glycosylated membrane protein and a non-specific receptor for several chemokines . The protein is also the receptor for the human malarial parasites Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium knowlesi and simian malarial parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi . Polymorphisms in this gene are the basis of the Duffy blood group system .'}]}, {'value': 'FY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protein ( chemokine receptor ) . Main antigens Fy and Fy . Individuals lacking Duffy antigens altogether are immune to malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chemokine_receptor', 'summary': 'Chemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine . There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans . Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-transmembrane ( 7TM ) structure and couples to G-protein for signal transduction within a cell , making them members of a large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors . Following interaction with their specific chemokine ligands , chemokine receptors trigger a flux in intracellular calcium ( Ca2+ ) ions ( calcium signaling ) . This causes cell responses , including the onset of a process known as chemotaxis that traffics the cell to a desired location within the organism . Chemokine receptors are divided into different families , CXC chemokine receptors , CC chemokine receptors , CX3C chemokine receptors and XC chemokine receptors that correspond to the 4 distinct subfamilies of chemokines they bind . Four families of chemokine receptors differ in spacing of cysteine residues near N-terminal of the receptor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Malaria', 'summary': "Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals . Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever , tiredness , vomiting , and headaches . In severe cases it can cause yellow skin , seizures , coma , or death . Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito . If not properly treated , people may have recurrences of the disease months later . In those who have recently survived an infection , reinfection usually causes milder symptoms . This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria . It is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the Plasmodium group . The disease is most commonly spread by an infected female Anopheles mosquito . The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito 's saliva into a person 's blood . The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce . Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be spread by humans ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Plasmodium_vivax', 'summary': 'Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen . This parasite is the most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring malaria . Although it is less virulent than Plasmodium falciparum , the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites , P. vivax malaria infections can lead to severe disease and death , often due to splenomegaly ( a pathologically enlarged spleen ) . P. vivax is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito ; the males do not bite .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Plasmodium_knowlesi', 'summary': 'Plasmodium knowlesi is a parasite that causes malaria in humans and other primates . It is found throughout Southeast Asia , and is the most common cause of human malaria in Malaysia . Like other Plasmodium species , P. knowlesi has a life cycle that requires infection of both a mosquito and a warm-blooded host . While the natural warm-blooded hosts of P. knowlesi are likely various Old World monkeys , humans can be infected by P. knowlesi if they are fed upon by infected mosquitoes . P. knowlesi is a eukaryote in the phylum Apicomplexa , genus Plasmodium , and subgenus Plasmodium . It is most closely related to the human parasite Plasmodium vivax as well as other Plasmodium species that infect non-human primates . Humans infected with P. knowlesi can develop uncomplicated or severe malaria similar to that caused by Plasmodium falciparum . Diagnosis of P. knowlesi infection is challenging as P. knowlesi very closely resembles other species that infect humans . Treatment is similar to other types of malaria , with chloroquine or artemisinin combination therapy typically recommended . P. knowlesi malaria is an emerging disease previously thought to be rare in humans , but increasingly recognized as a major health burden in Southeast Asia . P. knowlesi was first described as a distinct species and as a potential cause of human malaria in 1932 . It was briefly used in the early 20th century to cause fever as a treatment for neurosyphilis .'}]}, {'value': '1q23.2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_1', 'summary': 'Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome . Humans have two copies of chromosome 1 , as they do with all of the autosomes , which are the non-sex chromosomes . Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs , which are the basic units of information for DNA . It represents about 8% of the total DNA in human cells . It was the last completed chromosome , sequenced two decades after the beginning of the Human Genome Project .'}]}, {'value': '009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kidd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kidd_antigen_system', 'summary': "The Kidd antigen system ( also known as Jk antigen ) are proteins found in the Kidd 's blood group , which act as antigens , i.e. , they have the ability to produce antibodies under certain circumstances . The Jk antigen is found on a protein responsible for urea transport in the red blood cells and the kidney . They are important in transfusion medicine . People with two Jk ( a ) antigens , for instance , may form antibodies against donated blood containing two Jk ( b ) antigens ( and thus no Jk ( a ) antigens ) . This can lead to hemolytic anemia , in which the body destroys the transfused blood , leading to low red blood cell counts . Another disease associated with the Jk antigen is hemolytic disease of the newborn , in which a pregnant woman 's body creates antibodies against the blood of her fetus , leading to destruction of the fetal blood cells . Hemolytic disease of the newborn associated with Jk antibodies is typically mild , though fatal cases have been reported . The gene encoding this protein is found on chromosome 18 . Three Jk alleles are Jk ( a ) , Jk ( b ) and Jk3 . Jk ( a ) was discovered by Allen et al . in 1951 and is named after a patient ( Mrs Kidd delivered a baby with a haemolytic disease of the newborn associated with an antibody directed against a new antigen Jk ( a ) . Whereas Jk ( b ) was discovered by Plant et al ."}]}, {'value': 'JK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protein ( urea transporter ) . Main antigens Jk and Jk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18q12.3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_18', 'summary': 'Chromosome 18 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 18 spans about 80 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents about 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .'}]}, {'value': '010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diego', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diego_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The Diego antigen ( or blood group ) system is composed of 21 blood factors or antigens carried on the Band 3 glycoprotein , also known as Anion Exchanger 1 ( AE1 ) . The antigens are inherited through various alleles of the gene SLC4A1 ( Solute carrier family 4 ) , located on human chromosome 17 . The AE1 glycoprotein is expressed only in red blood cells and , in a shortened form , in some cells in the kidney . The Diegoa antigen is fairly common in Indigenous peoples of the Americas ( in both North and South America ) and East Asians , but very rare or absent in most other populations , supporting the theory that the two groups share common ancestry .'}]}, {'value': 'DI', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycoprotein ( band 3 , AE 1 , or anion exchange ) . Positive blood is found only among East Asians and Native Americans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Band_3', 'summary': 'Band 3 anion transport protein , also known as anion exchanger 1 ( AE1 ) or band 3 or solute carrier family 4 member 1 ( SLC4A1 ) , is a protein that is encoded by the SLC4A1 gene in humans . Band 3 anion transport protein is a phylogenetically-preserved transport protein responsible for mediating the exchange of chloride ( Cl− ) with bicarbonate ( HCO3− ) across plasma membranes . Functionally similar members of the AE clade are AE2 and AE3 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Asia', 'summary': "East Asia is the eastern subregion of Asia , which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms . The region constitutes of China , Hong Kong , Macao , Mongolia , North Korea , South Korea , Japan , and Taiwan . People native to the region are known as East Asians . The East Asian states China , North Korea , South Korea , and Taiwan are all unrecognized by at least one other East Asian state . Hong Kong and Macau are officially highly autonomous but are under effective Chinese sovereignty . North Asia borders East Asia 's north , Southeast Asia the south , South Asia the southwest , and Central Asia the west . To the east is the Pacific Ocean , and to the southeast is Micronesia ( a Pacific Ocean island group , classified as part of Oceania ) . The region was the cradle of various ancient civilizations such as ancient China , ancient Japan , ancient Korea , and the Mongol Empire . East Asia was one of the cradles of world civilization , with China , an ancient East Asian civilization being one of the earliest cradles of civilization in human history . For thousands of years , China largely influenced East Asia as it was principally the leading civilization in the region exerting its enormous prestige and influence on its neighbors . Historically , societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese sphere of influence , and East Asian vocabulary and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script . The Chinese calendar preserves traditional East Asian culture and serves as the root to which many other East Asian calendars are derived from ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas', 'summary': 'The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of North , Central and South America and their descendants . Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers - and many , especially in the Amazon basin , still are - many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture . The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas . Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture , others practiced a mix of farming , hunting and gathering . In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture , large-scale organized cities , city-states , chiefdoms , states , kingdoms and empires . Among these are the Aztec , Inca and Maya states that until the 16th century were among the most politically and socially advanced nations in the world . They had a vast knowledge of engineering , architecture , mathematics , astronomy , writing , physics , medicine , planting and irrigation , geology , mining , sculpture and goldsmithing . Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples ; some countries have sizable populations , especially Belize , Bolivia , Canada , Chile , Ecuador , Greenland , Guatemala , Mexico , Panama , Paraguay , Peru and the United States . At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas . Some , such as the Quechuan languages , Aymara , Guaraní , Mayan languages and Nahuatl , count their speakers in millions . Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees , including religion , social organization and subsistence practices . Like most cultures , over time , cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs .'}]}, {'value': '17q21.31', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_17', 'summary': 'Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 17 spans more than 83 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 2.5 and 3% of the total DNA in cells . Chromosome 17 contains the Homeobox B gene cluster .'}]}, {'value': '011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yt_antigen_system', 'summary': "The Yt antigen system ( also known as Cartwright ) is present on the membrane of red blood cells and helps determine a person 's blood type . The antigens are found on the protein acetylcholinesterase , an enzyme which helps break down acetylcholine . The Yt system features two alleles , Yt ( a ) and Yt ( b ) . Antibodies against the Yt system can lead to transfusion reactions such as hemolytic anemia ."}]}, {'value': 'YT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protein ( AChE , acetylcholinesterase )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase', 'summary': 'Acetylcholinesterase ( HGNC symbol ACHE ; EC 3.1.1.7 ) , also known as AChE or acetylhydrolase , is the primary cholinesterase in the body . It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters . AChE is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type , where its activity serves to terminate synaptic transmission . It belongs to carboxylesterase family of enzymes . It is the primary target of inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents and pesticides .'}]}, {'value': '7q22.1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_7', 'summary': 'Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 7 spans about 159 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .'}]}, {'value': '012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'XG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/XG_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The XG antigen is a red blood cell surface antigen discovered in 1962. by researchers at the MRC Blood Group Unit . The PBDX gene that encodes the antigen is located on the short arm of the X chromosome . Since males normally have one X chromosome they are considered hemizygotes . Since women have two copies of the gene and could be heterozygotic for the presence or absence of the functioning gene they could ( through the process of lyonisation ) express the functioning protein on just some of their red blood cells .'}]}, {'value': 'XG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycoprotein', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xp22.33', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/X_chromosome', 'summary': 'The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes ( allosomes ) in many organisms , including mammals ( the other is the Y chromosome ) , and is found in both males and females . It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system . The X chromosome was named for its unique properties by early researchers , which resulted in the naming of its counterpart Y chromosome , for the next letter in the alphabet , following its subsequent discovery .'}]}, {'value': '013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scianna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scianna_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The Scianna blood antigen system consists of seven antigens . These include two high frequency antigens Sc1 and Sc3 , and two low frequency antigens Sc2 and Sc4 . The very rare null phenotype is characterised by the absence of Sc1 , Sc2 and Sc3 . The antigens are caused by changes in the erythroid membrane associated protein ( ERMAP ) .'}]}, {'value': 'SC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycoprotein', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1p34.2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_1', 'summary': 'Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome . Humans have two copies of chromosome 1 , as they do with all of the autosomes , which are the non-sex chromosomes . Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs , which are the basic units of information for DNA . It represents about 8% of the total DNA in human cells . It was the last completed chromosome , sequenced two decades after the beginning of the Human Genome Project .'}]}, {'value': '014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dombrock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dombrock_antigen_system', 'summary': 'Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ART4 gene . ART4 has also been designated as CD297 ( cluster of differentiation 297 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'DO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycoprotein ( fixed to cell membrane by GPI , or glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol', 'summary': 'Glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) , or glycophosphatidylinositol , or GPI in short , is a phosphoglyceride that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification . Proteins containing a GPI anchor play key roles in a wide variety of biological processes . It is composed of a phosphatidylinositol group linked through a carbohydrate-containing linker ( glucosamine and mannose glycosidically bound to the inositol residue ) and via an ethanolamine phosphate ( EtNP ) bridge to the C-terminal amino acid of a mature protein . The two fatty acids within the hydrophobic phosphatidyl-inositol group anchor the protein to the cell membrane .'}]}, {'value': '12p12.3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_12', 'summary': 'Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 12 spans about 133 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells . Chromosome 12 contains the Homeobox C gene cluster .'}]}, {'value': '015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colton_antigen_system', 'summary': "The Colton antigen system ( Co ) is present on the membranes of red blood cells and in the tubules of the kidney and helps determine a person 's blood type . The Co antigen is found on a protein called aquaporin-1 which is responsible for water homeostasis and urine concentration . The Co antigen is important in transfusion medicine . 99.8% of people possess the Co ( a ) allele . Individuals with Co ( b ) allele or who are missing the Colton antigen are at risk for a transfusion reaction such as hemolytic anemia or alloimmunization . Antibodies against the Colton antigen may also cause hemolytic disease of the newborn , in which a pregnant woman 's body creates antibodies against the blood of her fetus , leading to destruction of the fetal blood cells ."}]}, {'value': 'CO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aquaporin 1 . Main antigens Co ( a ) and Co ( b )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aquaporin_1', 'summary': 'Aquaporin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP1 gene . AQP1 is a widely expressed water channel , whose physiological function has been most thoroughly characterized in the kidney . It is found in the basolateral and apical plasma membranes of the proximal tubules , the descending limb of the loop of Henle , and in the descending portion of the vasa recta . Additionally , it is found in red blood cells , vascular endothelium , the gastrointestinal tract , sweat glands , and lungs . It is not regulated by vasopressin ( ADH ) .'}]}, {'value': '7p14.3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_7', 'summary': 'Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 7 spans about 159 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .'}]}, {'value': '016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Landsteiner-Wiener', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Landsteiner-Wiener_antigen_system', 'summary': 'The LW blood system was first described by Landsteiner and Wiener in 1940 . It was often confused with the Rh system , not becoming a separate antigen system until 1982 . The LW and RhD antigens are genetically independent though they are phenotypically related and the LW antigen is expressed more strongly on RhD positive cells than on RhD negative cells . In most populations , the antithetical LW antigens , LWa and LWb are present as very high and very low frequency , respectively .'}]}, {'value': 'LW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protein ( member of the immunoglobulin superfamily )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily', 'summary': 'The immunoglobulin superfamily ( IgSF ) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition , binding , or adhesion processes of cells . Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily based on shared structural features with immunoglobulins ( also known as antibodies ) ; they all possess a domain known as an immunoglobulin domain or fold . Members of the IgSF include cell surface antigen receptors , co-receptors and co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system , molecules involved in antigen presentation to lymphocytes , cell adhesion molecules , certain cytokine receptors and intracellular muscle proteins . They are commonly associated with roles in the immune system . Otherwise , the sperm-specific protein IZUMO1 , a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily , has also been identified as the only sperm membrane protein essential for sperm-egg fusion .'}]}, {'value': '19p13.2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_19', 'summary': 'Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 19 spans more than 58.6 million base pairs , the building material of DNA .'}]}, {'value': '017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chido', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chido_antigen_system', 'summary': 'Complement component 4 ( C4 ) , in humans , is a protein involved in the intricate complement system , originating from the human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) system . It serves a number of critical functions in immunity , tolerance , and autoimmunity with the other numerous components . Furthermore , it is a crucial factor in connecting the recognition pathways of the overall system instigated by antibody-antigen ( Ab-Ag ) complexes to the other effector proteins of the innate immune response . For example , the severity of a dysfunctional complement system can lead to fatal diseases and infections . Complex variations of it can also lead to schizophrenia . Yet , the C4 protein derives from a simple two-locus allelic model , the C4A-C4B genes , that allows for an abundant variation in the levels of their respective proteins within a population . Originally defined in the context of the Chido/Rodgers blood group system , the C4A-C4B genetic model is under investigation for its possible role in schizophrenia risk and development .'}]}, {'value': 'CH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C4A C4B ( complement fractions )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6p21.3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_6', 'summary': 'Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 6 spans more than 170 million base pairs ( the building material of DNA ) and represents between 5.5 and 6% of the total DNA in cells . It contains the Major Histocompatibility Complex , which contains over 100 genes related to the immune response , and plays a vital role in organ transplantation .'}]}, {'value': '018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hh_antigen_system', 'summary': 'Hh or the Bombay blood group , is a rare blood type . This blood phenotype was first discovered in Bombay , now known as Mumbai , in India , by Dr. Y. M. Bhende in 1952 . It is mostly found in South Asia ( India , Bangladesh , Pakistan ) and parts of Middle East such as Iran .'}]}, {'value': 'H', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carbohydrate ( fucose residue )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fucose', 'summary': 'Fucose is a hexose deoxy sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5 . It is found on N-linked glycans on the mammalian , insect and plant cell surface . Fucose is the fundamental sub-unit of the seaweed polysaccharide fucoidan . The α ( 1→3 ) linked core of fucose is a suspected carbohydrate antigen for IgE-mediated allergy . Two structural features distinguish fucose from other six-carbon sugars present in mammals : the lack of a hydroxyl group on the carbon at the 6-position ( C-6 ) ( thereby making it a deoxy sugar ) and the L-configuration . It is equivalent to 6-deoxy-l-galactose . In the fucose-containing glycan structures , fucosylated glycans , fucose can exist as a terminal modification or serve as an attachment point for adding other sugars . In human N-linked glycans , fucose is most commonly linked α-1,6 to the reducing terminal β-N-acetylglucosamine . However , fucose at the non-reducing termini linked α-1,2 to galactose forms the H antigen , the substructure of the A and B blood group antigens . Fucose is released from fucose-containing polymers by an enzyme called α-fucosidase found in lysosomes . l-Fucose has several potential applications in cosmetics , pharmaceuticals , and dietary supplements Fucosylation of antibodies has been established to reduce binding to the Fc receptor of Natural Killer cells and thereby reduce antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity . Therefore , afucosylated monoclonal antibodies have been designed to recruit the immune system to cancers cells have been manufactured in cell lines deficient in the enzyme for core fucosylation ( FUT8 ) , thereby enhancing the in vivo cell killing .'}]}, {'value': '19q13.33', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_19', 'summary': 'Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 19 spans more than 58.6 million base pairs , the building material of DNA .'}]}, {'value': '019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'XK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/XK_(protein)', 'summary': "XK ( also known as Kell blood group precursor ) is a protein found on human red blood cells and other tissues which is responsible for the Kx antigen which helps determine a person 's blood type ."}]}, {'value': 'XK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glycoprotein', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xp21.1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/X_chromosome', 'summary': 'The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes ( allosomes ) in many organisms , including mammals ( the other is the Y chromosome ) , and is found in both males and females . It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system . The X chromosome was named for its unique properties by early researchers , which resulted in the naming of its counterpart Y chromosome , for the next letter in the alphabet , following its subsequent discovery .'}]}, {'value': '020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerbich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerbich_antigen_system', 'summary': "Glycophorin C ( GYPC ; CD236/CD236R ; glycoprotein beta ; glycoconnectin ; PAS-2 ' ) plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane material properties , possibly through its interaction with protein 4.1 . Moreover , it has previously been shown that membranes deficient in protein 4.1 exhibit decreased content of glycophorin C. It is also an integral membrane protein of the erythrocyte and acts as the receptor for the Plasmodium falciparum protein PfEBP-2 ( erythrocyte binding protein 2 ; baebl ; EBA-140 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'GE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPC / GPD ( Glycophorins C and D )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glycophorin', 'summary': 'A glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell . It is a membrane-spanning protein and carries sugar molecules . It is heavily glycosylated ( 60% ) . Glycophorins are rich in sialic acid , which gives the red blood cells a very hydrophilic-charged coat . This enables them to circulate without adhering to other cells or vessel walls . A particular mutation in Glycophorins is thought to produce a 40% reduction in risk of severe malaria .'}]}, {'value': '2q14.3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chromosome_2', 'summary': 'Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans . People normally have two copies of this chromosome . Chromosome 2 is the second-largest human chromosome , spanning more than 242 million base pairs and representing almost eight percent of the total DNA in human cells . Chromosome 2 contains the HOXD homeobox gene cluster .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Blood group systems', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Human_blood_group_systems_0', 'intro': 'The term human blood group systems is defined by International Society of Blood Transfusion as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens - in particular, those on blood cells - are controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them, and include the common ABO and Rh (Rhesus) antigen systems, as well as many others; thirty-five major human systems are identified as of November 2014. In addition to the ABO and Rh systems, the antigens expressed on blood cell membrane surfaces include 346 red blood cell antigens and 33 platelet antigens, as defined serologically. [better source needed] The genetic basis for most of these antigens lie in 46 red blood cell and 6 platelet genes. [citation needed] An individual, for example, can be AB RhD positive, and at the same time M and N positive in the MNS system, K positive in the Kell system, and Lea or Leb positive in the Lewis system,[citation needed] where these and many of the systems are named for patients in whom the corresponding antibodies were first detected. [citation needed]'}
null
null
What is the system whose Epitope is found in the basolateral and apical plasma membranes of the proximal tubules ?
Colton
fee32746c0a4bb75
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_stadiums_in_Kazakhstan', 'title': 'List of football stadiums in Kazakhstan', 'header': ['Stadium', 'Capacity', 'City', 'Team', 'Year of establishment'], 'data': [{'value': 'Astana Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astana_Arena', 'summary': 'The Astana Arena ( Kazakh : Астана Арена ) is a football stadium in Nur-Sultan ( formerly Astana ) , Kazakhstan . The stadium holds 30,000 and has a retractable roof . It serves as the national stadium for the Kazakhstan national football team . Astana Arena is the second largest stadium in the country and it was built from 2006 to 2009 at a cost of $ 185 million , and was officially opened on 3 July 2009 . It is also a home ground for FC Astana of the Kazakhstan Premier League and FC Bayterek of the Kazakhstan First Division . The stadium hosted the opening ceremony of the 7th Asian Winter Games on 31 January 2011 . Astana Arena was one of the venues to bid to host UEFA Euro 2020 matches .'}]}, {'value': '30,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nur-Sultan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nur-Sultan', 'summary': "Nur-Sultan ( US : /ˌnʊərsʊlˈtɑːn/ ; Kazakh : Nur-Sultan , Нұр-Сұлтан ; Russian : Нур-Султан ) , previously named Astana [ a ] ( Kazakh : Astana , Russian : Астана ) from 1998 to 2019 , is the capital city of Kazakhstan . In March 2019 , it was renamed to Nur-Sultan after the departing Kazakh president , Nursultan Nazarbayev . It stands on the banks of the Ishim River in the northern portion of Kazakhstan , within the Akmola Region , though administered separately from the region as a city with special status . A 2017 official estimate reported a population of 1,029,556 within the city limits , making it the second-largest city in the country , behind Almaty , the capital from 1991 to 1997 . Akmola ( from 1998 Astana and from 2019 Nur-Sultan ) became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997 , and since then has developed economically into one of the most modernized cities in Central Asia . On 23 March 2019 , following a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan 's parliament , the city was renamed Nur-Sultan , after former Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev . Modern Nur-Sultan is a planned city , much like other planned capitals . After it became the capital of Kazakhstan , the city cardinally changed its shape . The Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa designed the master plan of Astana . As the seat of the Government of Kazakhstan , Nur-Sultan is the site of the Parliament House , the Supreme Court , the Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies . It is home to many futuristic buildings , hotels and skyscrapers ."}]}, {'value': 'Lokomotiv Astana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Lokomotiv_Astana', 'summary': "Astana Football Club ( Kazakh : Astana Fýtbol Klýby ) is a professional football club based in Nur-Sultan . They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . The club 's home ground is the 30,254-seat Astana Arena stadium . The club colours , reflected in their badge and kit , are sky blue and yellow . Founded as Lokomotiv Astana in 2009 , the club changed its name to Astana in 2011 . They are members of the Astana Presidential Club , an association of the main sports teams in Astana supported by the Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna . The short history of the club already boasts five league titles , three Kazakhstan Cups and three Kazakhstan Super Cups . The club 's strongest rivalry is with Kairat , among fans their matches are known as the Two Capitals Derby ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Almaty Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almaty_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Central Stadium ( Kazakh : Алматы орталық стадионы , Almaty ortalyq stadıony or Орталық стадион , Ortalyq stadıon ; Ortalyq Stadıony ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Almaty , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium is shared by FC Kairat Almaty . It also serves as the home stadium for the Kazakhstan national football team .'}]}, {'value': '26,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Almaty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kairat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kairat', 'summary': "Football Club Kairat ( Kazakh : Qaırat Fýtbol Klýby ) is a professional football club based in Almaty , which plays in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . Founded in 1954 as Lokomotiv Alma-Ata , they became Urozhay in 1955 and Kairat in 1956 . The club 's home ground is the Central Stadium which has a capacity of 23,804 . The club 's home kit colours are yellow and black striped shirts , black shorts and black socks . Kairat was the leading Kazakh club during the Soviet period and the only representative of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Top League . For this , Kairat became nicknamed The Nation 's Team , and remain widely supported all over the country . All in all , the club spent 24 seasons in the Soviet highest level . They also won Soviet First League titles twice in 1976 and 1983 . During this period , Kairat was a part of the Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union . In modern history , Kairat won two league titles , eight Kazakhstan Cups and two Kazakhstan Super Cups . The club 's strongest rivalry is FC Astana , among fans their matches are considered as the Two Capitals Derby ."}]}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazhymukan_Munaitpasov_Stadium_(Shymkent)', 'summary': 'Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium ( Kazakh : Қажымұқан Мұңайтпасұлы , Qajymuqan Muńaıtpasuly ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Shymkent , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people . The stadium is named after Kazhymukan Munaitpasov , a Kazakh wrestler and repeated World Champion in Greco-Roman wrestling .'}]}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shymkent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ordabasy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Ordabasy', 'summary': 'FC Ordabasy ( Kazakh : Ордабасы Футбол Клубы , Ordabasy Fýtbol Klýby ) is a football club from Kazakhstan based at the K. Munaitpasov Stadium in Shymkent . Ordabasy was formed in July 2000 as FC Dostyk , following the merger of two existing Kazakhstan Premier League sides , FC Zhiger and FC Tomiris .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shakhtyor Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shakhtyor_Stadium_(Karagandy)', 'summary': 'Shakhtyor Stadium ( Kazakh : Шахтёр стадионы , Shahtıor stadıony ) is a multi-use stadium in Karaganda , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Shakhter . Coordinates : 49°49′07″N 73°04′30″E / 49.818618°N 73.075122°E / 49.818618 ; 73.075122'}]}, {'value': '19,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karagandy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karagandy', 'summary': "Karaganda or Qaraghandy ( Kazakh : Қарағанды/Qaraǵandy , pronounced [ qɑɾɑˈʁɑndə ] ( listen ) ; Russian : Караганда , pronounced [ kərəɡɐnˈda ] ) is the capital of Karaganda Region in the Republic of Kazakhstan . It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan , behind Almaty ( Alma-Ata ) , Nur-Sultan and Shymkent . Population : 459,778 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 436,864 ( 1999 Census results ) . Karaganda is approximately 230 km south-east of Kazakhstan 's capital Nur-Sultan ( formerly known as Astana ) . In the 1940s up to 70% of the city 's inhabitants were ethnic Germans . [ citation needed ] Most of the ethnic Germans were Soviet Volga Germans who were collectively deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan on Stalin 's order when Hitler invaded Soviet-annexed eastern Poland and the Soviet Union proper in 1941 . Until the 1950s , many of these deportees were interned in labor camps , often simply because they were of German descent . The population of Karaganda fell by 14% from 1989-1999 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union ; it was once Kazakhstan 's second-largest city after Almaty . Over 100,000 people have since emigrated to Germany . There is also a concentration of ethnic Poles in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Shakhter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Shakhter', 'summary': 'Football Club Shakhter ( Kazakh : Шахтер футбол клубы ) , commonly referred to as FC Shakhter Karagandy ( Kazakh : Қарағанды/Qarağandı [ qɑɾɑˈʁɑndə ] ( listen ) ; Russian : Караганда/Karaganda ) , is a professional football club based in Karagandy , Kazakhstan . They have been members of the Kazakhstan Premier League since its foundation in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aktobe Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aktobe_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Koblandy batyr stadium ( Kazakh : Қобыланды батыр стадионы , Qobylandy batyr stadıony ) is the main football arena of the city and for FC Aktobe . It was constructed in 1975 . On the opening day on August 28 , 1975 , Aktyubinets played against CSKA Moscow . Match ended with score 1:0 in favor of visiting team . Kopeykin scored the goal . The stadium is one of the best attended in Kazakhstan with capacity of just under 13,000 people .'}]}, {'value': '13,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aktobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aktobe', 'summary': 'Aktobe ( Kazakh : Ақтөбе , romanized : Aqtóbe ; Russian : Актобе́ , romanized : Aktobe ) is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan . It is the administrative center of Aktobe Region . In 2020 , it had a population of 500 803 people . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Aktobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Aktobe', 'summary': 'Football Club Aktobe ( Kazakh : Aqtóbe Fýtbol Klýby ) , commonly referred to as FC Aktobe or simply Aktobe , is a professional football club based in Aktobe . They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . Formed as Aktyubinets in 1967 , they became Aktobemunai in 1996 , Aktobe in 1997 , Aktobe-Lento in 2000 and finally Aktobe again in 2005 . Their home ground is the 13,500 seat Central Stadium . Aktobe have won five league titles , one Kazakhstan Cup and three Kazakhstan Super Cup . The club has also won two Soviet Second League titles in 1981 and 1991 .'}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taraz Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taraz_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'Taraz Central Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Taraz , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Taraz . Coordinates : 42°54′06″N 71°22′56″E / 42.901751°N 71.382224°E / 42.901751 ; 71.382224'}]}, {'value': '12,525', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taraz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taraz', 'summary': 'Taraz ( Kazakh : Тараз , romanized : Taraz ; known to Europeans as Talas ) is a city and the administrative center of Jambyl Region in Kazakhstan , located on the Talas ( Taraz ) River in the south of the country near the border with Kyrgyzstan . It had a population of 330,100 ( 1999 Census ) , up 9% from 1989 , making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country , after Nur-Sultan and Turkistan . One of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan and in Transoxania , built and populated by the ancient Sogdians , Taraz celebrated its official 2000th anniversary ( recognized by UNESCO ) in 2001 , dating from a fortress built in the area by a Xiongnu Chanyu named Zhizhi and was a site of the Battle of Zhizhi in 36 BCE . The city was first recorded under the name Talas in 568 CE by Menander Protector . The medieval city of Talas was a major trade centre along the Silk Road . Talas was later described by Xuanzang , who passed Talas in 629 and later wrote : Traveling westward from the Thousand Springs 140 or 150 li , we come to the city of Daluosi . The city is 8 or 9 li in diameter ; and was settled by Hu ( foreign , non-Oriental ) merchants from various nations . The products and the climate are about the same as Suyab . The Talas alphabet , a variant of the Turkic runiform Orkhon script , is named for the town . Talas secured a place in history by virtue of the Battle of Talas ( 751 CE ) , which was fought between forces of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and those of the Arab Abbasid Caliphate . The battle took place somewhere along the Talas River in the Talas valley . One of its indirect outcomes was the introduction of paper to the west , via the Arab capture of Chinese paper makers .'}]}, {'value': 'Taraz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Taraz', 'summary': 'FC Taraz ( Kazakh : Taraz Fýtbol Klýby ) are a Kazakhstani football club based at the Taraz Central Stadium in Taraz . A leading club in the early years of the Kazakhstan Premier League , they were champions in 1996 , and Kazakhstan Cup winners in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K.Munaitpasov , Astana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazhimukan_Munaitpasov_Stadium_(Astana)', 'summary': 'Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium ( Kazakh : Қажымұқан Мұңайтпасов стадион , Qajymuqan Muńaıtpasov stadıon ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Nur-Sultan , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for Soccermatches and is the home stadium of FC Astana-64 . The stadium holds 12,350 people . Coordinates : 51°09′46″N 71°24′48″E / 51.1627392°N 71.4133121°E / 51.1627392 ; 71.4133121'}]}, {'value': '12,350', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nur-Sultan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nur-Sultan', 'summary': "Nur-Sultan ( US : /ˌnʊərsʊlˈtɑːn/ ; Kazakh : Nur-Sultan , Нұр-Сұлтан ; Russian : Нур-Султан ) , previously named Astana [ a ] ( Kazakh : Astana , Russian : Астана ) from 1998 to 2019 , is the capital city of Kazakhstan . In March 2019 , it was renamed to Nur-Sultan after the departing Kazakh president , Nursultan Nazarbayev . It stands on the banks of the Ishim River in the northern portion of Kazakhstan , within the Akmola Region , though administered separately from the region as a city with special status . A 2017 official estimate reported a population of 1,029,556 within the city limits , making it the second-largest city in the country , behind Almaty , the capital from 1991 to 1997 . Akmola ( from 1998 Astana and from 2019 Nur-Sultan ) became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997 , and since then has developed economically into one of the most modernized cities in Central Asia . On 23 March 2019 , following a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan 's parliament , the city was renamed Nur-Sultan , after former Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev . Modern Nur-Sultan is a planned city , much like other planned capitals . After it became the capital of Kazakhstan , the city cardinally changed its shape . The Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa designed the master plan of Astana . As the seat of the Government of Kazakhstan , Nur-Sultan is the site of the Parliament House , the Supreme Court , the Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies . It is home to many futuristic buildings , hotels and skyscrapers ."}]}, {'value': 'Astana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Astana', 'summary': "Astana Football Club ( Kazakh : Astana Fýtbol Klýby ) is a professional football club based in Nur-Sultan . They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . The club 's home ground is the 30,254-seat Astana Arena stadium . The club colours , reflected in their badge and kit , are sky blue and yellow . Founded as Lokomotiv Astana in 2009 , the club changed its name to Astana in 2011 . They are members of the Astana Presidential Club , an association of the main sports teams in Astana supported by the Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna . The short history of the club already boasts five league titles , three Kazakhstan Cups and three Kazakhstan Super Cups . The club 's strongest rivalry is with Kairat , among fans their matches are known as the Two Capitals Derby ."}]}, {'value': '1936', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metallurg Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Temirtau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Temirtau', 'summary': 'Temirtau ( Kazakh : Теміртау , romanized : Temirtaý ; Russian : Темиртау ) is a city in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan . The population was 170,481 in the 1999 census , rising to 210,590 in 2015 . The city is located on the Nura River ( the Samarkand Reservoir ) , northwest of Karaganda .'}]}, {'value': 'Bolat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Bolat', 'summary': 'FC Bolat ( Kazakh : Bolat Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakhstani football club based in Temirtau . Previously known as FC Bolat CSKA ( 2004 ) and FC Bolat MSK ( 2005 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pavlodar Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavlodar_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'Pavlodar Central Stadium ( Kazakh : Орталық стадион , Ortalyq stadıon ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Pavlodar , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Irtysh .'}]}, {'value': '12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pavlodar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavlodar', 'summary': "One of the oldest cities in northern Kazakhstan , Pavlodar was founded in 1720 as Koryakovsky , an Imperial Russian outpost . The settlement was created to establish control over the region 's salt lakes , an important source of valuable salt . In 1861 the settlement was renamed Pavlodar and incorporated as a town . Pavlodar 's significance was due in large measure to the substantial agricultural and salt-producing industries that had developed there despite the town 's relatively small population . Pavlodar 's population numbered only about 8,000 in 1897 . The name Pavlodar means The Gift of Paul , and was chosen to commemorate the birth of the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia . After 1955 , the Soviet Government 's Virgin Lands Campaign provided the impetus for the rapid growth and development of modern Pavlodar . Under the program , large numbers of young men and women from throughout the Soviet Union were relocated to the city ; industrial and commercial activity was increased ; and from the mid-1960s on , Pavlodar grew to become a major industrial centre of both the Kazakh SSR and of the Soviet Union because of a major arms and armour manufacturing facility located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Irtysh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Irtysh', 'summary': "FC Irtysh Pavlodar ( Kazakh : Ертіс Футбол Клубы , Ertis Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based at the Central Stadium in Pavlodar . Irtysh won the Kazakhstan Premier league in 1993 ( as Ansat ) , 1997 , 1999 , 2002 and 2003 . The club is also founding members of the top league and never relegated to lower levels . Irtysh have participated in the AFC Champions League a number of times , reaching the semi-finals in 2001 ( the final year of Kazakhstan 's AFC affiliation ) , and played in UEFA Champions League qualifying round in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avangard Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avangard_Stadium', 'summary': 'Karasai Stadium ( Kazakh : Қарасай стадионы , Karasaı stadıony ) , previously known as Avangard Stadium , is a multi-use stadium in Petropavl , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Kyzylzhar .'}]}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petropavl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petropavl', 'summary': 'Petropavl ( Kazakh : Петропавл , romanized : Petropavl ) or Petropavlovsk ( Russian : Петропавловск , tr . Petropavlovsk ) , is a city on the Ishim River in northern Kazakhstan close to the border with Russia , about 261 km west of Omsk along the Trans-Siberian Railway . It is the capital of the North Kazakhstan Region . Population : 201,446 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 203,523 ( 1999 Census results ) . The city is also known colloquially in the Kazakh language as Kyzylzhar ( Kazakh : Қызылжар , romanized : Qyzyljar ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyzylzhar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kyzylzhar', 'summary': 'FC Kyzylzhar SK ( Kazakh : Қызылжар СК Футбол Клубы , Qyzyljar SK Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakhstani football club , playing in the north Kazakh city of Petropavl at the Karasai Stadium . They are founding members of Kazakhstan Premier League . Kyzylzhar is the name of a district in the city . They are two time runners-up of the Premier league ( 1999 and 2000 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munayshy Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munayshy_Stadium', 'summary': 'Munayshy Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Atyrau , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Atyrau . Coordinates : 47°05′39″N 51°54′30″E / 47.094085°N 51.908324°E / 47.094085 ; 51.908324'}]}, {'value': '8,660', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atyrau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atyrau', 'summary': 'Atyrau ( Kazakh : Атырау , Atyraý , أتيراو , pronounced [ ɑtəˈrɑw ] ; Russian : Атырау , pronounced [ ɐtɨˈraʊ ] ) , known as Guryev ( Russian : Гурьев , pronounced [ ˈɡurʲjɪf ] ) until 1991 , is a city in Kazakhstan , and the capital of Atyrau Region . It is located at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea , 2,700 kilometres ( 1,700 miles ) west of Almaty and 351 kilometres ( 218 miles ) east of the Russian city of Astrakhan . Modern Atyrau is famous for its oil and gas industries . It has 154,100 inhabitants ( 2007 ) , up from 142,500 ( 1999 census ) , 90% ethnic Kazakhs ( up from 80% ) , the rest being mostly Russians and other ethnic groups such as Tatars and Ukrainians .'}]}, {'value': 'Atyrau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Atyrau', 'summary': "Football Club Atyrau ( Kazakh : Атырау футбол клубы , Atyraý fýtbol klýby ) are a professional football club based in Atyrau , who play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . The club 's home ground is the 8,690-seat Munaishy Stadium , where they have played since their inception ."}]}, {'value': '1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vostok Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vostok_Stadium', 'summary': 'Vostok Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Oskemen , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Vostok .'}]}, {'value': '8,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oskemen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oskemen', 'summary': 'Oskemen ( Kazakh : Өскемен , romanized : Óskemen ) or Ust-Kamenogorsk ( Russian : Усть-Каменого́рск ) is the administrative center of East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan . It is served by Oskemen Airport . Population : 303,720 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 310,950 ( 1999 Census results ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Vostok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Vostok', 'summary': "FC Vostok ( Kazakh : Восток Футбол Клубы , Vostok Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club from Oskemen ( Ust-Kamenogorsk ) , and a founding member of the Kazakhstan Premier League in 1992 . The club 's best finish in the league was 5th place in 1997 and again in 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kostanay Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kostanay_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'Kostanay Central Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kostanay , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Tobol . The stadium holds 8,323 people .'}]}, {'value': '8,323', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kostanay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kostanay', 'summary': 'Kostanay ( Kazakh : Қостанай , romanized : Qostanaı , قوستاناي ; Russian : Костанай , romanized : Kostanay ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan . It was known as Nikolayevsk ( Russian : Николаевск ) until 1895 and then as Kustanay ( Russian : Кустанай ) until 1997 . Kostanay is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region .'}]}, {'value': 'Tobol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Tobol', 'summary': 'FC Tobol ( Kazakh : Тобыл Футбол Клубы , Tobyl Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based at the Central Stadium in Kostanay . They have been members of the Kazakhstan Premier League since its foundation in 1992 . They won the Kazakhstan Premier League in 2010 , and finished no lower than fourth place between the 2002 and 2010 seasons .'}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petr Atoyan Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petr_Atoyan_Stadium', 'summary': 'Petr Atoyan Stadium is a football stadium in Oral , Kazakhstan . It is the home stadium of FC Akzhayik of the Kazakhstan Premier League . The stadium holds 8,320 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '8,320', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oral,_Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Oral ( Kazakh : Орал , romanized : Oral ) , Ural'sk ( Russian : Уральск ) in Russian , formerly known as Yaitsk ( Russian : Яицк , until 1775 ) , is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan , at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan rivers close to the Russian border . As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river , it is considered geographically in Europe . It is the capital of the West Kazakhstan Region . The ethnic composition is dominated by Kazakhs ( 60% ) and Russians . Population : 271,900 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 194,905 ( 1999 Census results ) . Oral is an agricultural and industrial centre , and has been an important trade stop since its founding . Barge traffic has passed up and down the Ural River between the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains for centuries . Today it is one of the major entry points for rail traffic from Europe to Siberia , servicing the many new oil fields in the Caspian basin and the industrial cities of the southern Urals . It is served by Oral Ak Zhol Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Akzhayik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Akzhayik', 'summary': 'FC Akzhayik ( Kazakh : Aqjaıyq Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakhstani professional football club , based in Oral , current member of the Kazakhstan First Division .'}]}, {'value': '1927', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spartak Stadium ( Semey )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Semey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Semey', 'summary': 'Semey ( Kazakh : Семей , romanized : Semeı ; Russian : Семей ) , until 2007 known as Semipalatinsk ( Kazakh : Семипалатинск , Russian : Семипалатинск ) and in 1917-1920 as Alash-kala ( Kazakh : Алаш-қала , Alash-qala ) , is a city in Kazakhstan , in East Kazakhstan Region , and in the Kazakhstan part of Siberia . It lies along the Irtysh River and is near the border with Russia , around 1,000 kilometers ( 620 mi ) north of Almaty , and 700 kilometers ( 430 mi ) southeast of the Russian city of Omsk . Its population is : 299,264 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 269,574 ( 1999 Census results ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Spartak Semey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Spartak_Semey', 'summary': 'FC Spartak Semey ( Kazakh : Spartak Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based in Semey . A leading club in the early years of the Kazakhstan Premier League , and under the name Yelimay Semipalatinsk ( or simply Yelimay ) they were three-time champions of Kazakhstan in 1994 , 1995 and 1998 . However , they are currently in First Division .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gany Muratbayev Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gany_Muratbayev_Stadium', 'summary': 'Gani Muratbayev Stadium ( Kazakh : Ғани Мұратбаев стадион , Ǵanı Muratbaev stadıon ) is a multi-use stadium in Kyzylorda , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Kaisar . It is named after the founder of Kazakhstan Young Communist League Gany Muratbayev .'}]}, {'value': '7,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyzylorda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyzylorda', 'summary': 'Kyzylorda ( Kazakh : Қызылорда , romanized : Qyzylorda , قىزىلوردا ) , formerly known as Kzyl-Orda ( Russian : Кзыл-Орда ) , Ak-Mechet ( Ак-Мечеть ) , Perovsk ( Перовск ) , and Fort-Perovsky ( Форт-Перовский ) , is a city in south-central Kazakhstan , capital of Kyzylorda Region and former capital of the Kazak ASSR from 1925 to 1929 . The city has a population of 157,400 ( 1999 Census ) . It historically developed around the Syr Darya River and the site of a Kokand fortress . Population : 188,682 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 157,364 ( 1999 Census results ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Kaisar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kaisar', 'summary': 'FC Kaysar ( Kazakh : Қайсар Футбол Клубы , Qaısar Fýtbol Klýby ) are a Kazakh football club based in the Gany Muratbayev Stadium in Kyzylorda . They are founding members of the Kazakhstan Premier League and have missed only three seasons following relegations . The most successful was the season of 1998 , where they won the Kazakhstan Cup and came fourth in the league .'}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shakhtyor Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shakhtyor_Stadium_(Ekibastuz)', 'summary': 'Shakhtyor Stadium ( Kazakh : Шахтёр стадионы , Shahtıor stadıony ) is a multi-use stadium in Ekibastuz , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Ekibastuzets . Coordinates : 51°43′48″N 75°20′11″E / 51.730055°N 75.33646°E / 51.730055 ; 75.33646'}]}, {'value': '6,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ekibastuz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ekibastuz', 'summary': 'Ekibastuz ( Kazakh : Екібастұз , romanized : Ekibastuz , ەكئباستۇز ; Russian : Экибастуз ) is a town in Pavlodar Region , northeastern Kazakhstan . The population was 125,012 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 127,197 ( 1999 Census results ) . Ekibastuz is served by Ekibastuz Airport .'}]}, {'value': 'Ekibastuz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Ekibastuz', 'summary': 'Ekibastuz FK ( Kazakh : Ekibastuz Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakhstani football club based in Ekibastuz . Until 2008 the team represented Pavlodar and was called Energetik Pavlodar . In 2008 the team played as Energetik-2 Ekibastuz . In 2009 it was renamed to Ekibastuz FK . They are current members of the Kazakhstan First Division .'}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zhetysu Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zhetysu_Stadium', 'summary': 'Zhetysu Stadium ( Kazakh : Жетісу стадионы , Jetisý stadıony ) is a multi-use stadium in Taldykorgan , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of FC Zhetysu . Coordinates : 45°01′11″N 78°21′54″E / 45.019716°N 78.365103°E / 45.019716 ; 78.365103'}]}, {'value': '5,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taldykorgan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taldykorgan', 'summary': 'Taldykorgan ( Kazakh : Талдықорған , romanized : Taldyqorǵan , Taldıqorğan ) , known as Taldy-Kurgan until 1993 , is the capital ( called an administrative center ) of Almaty Region , Kazakhstan . According to the 2010 Kazakh Census Results , the population 143,407 .'}]}, {'value': 'Zhetysu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Zhetysu', 'summary': 'Jetisu Taldykorgan ( Kazakh : Жетісу Талдықорған футбол клубы , Jetisý Taldyqorǵan Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based at the Zhetysu stadium in Taldykorgan . Founding members of the Kazakhstan Premier League , they missed five seasons because of relegations .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_football_stadiums_in_Kazakhstan_0', 'intro': 'N/A'}
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What years was the stadium in Nur-Sultan that can seat 30,000 constructed ?
2006 to 2009
fee32cffccf86165
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Tippeligaen', 'title': '2009 Tippeligaen', 'header': ['Team', 'Kit maker', 'Shirt sponsor', 'UEFA Fair Play ( avg . pts . )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bodø/Glimt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diadora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diadora', 'summary': 'Diadora is an Italian sports clothing and fashion accessory manufacturer with locations in Italy , Brazil , the United States , Hong Kong , Australia and Bangladesh .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordlandsbanken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordlandsbanken', 'summary': 'Nordlandsbanken was a Norwegian bank serving the County of Nordland . Nordlandsbanken was at the end a wholly owned subsidiary of DnB NOR who bought the bank in 2003 . It had total assets of NOK 22 billion and headquarters in Bodø . The bank had 17 branches .'}]}, {'value': '7,82', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brann', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_(company)', 'summary': "Kappa is an Italian sportswear brand founded in Turin , Piedmont , Italy . Kappa was founded as a sock firm in Turin , Italy , in 1916 but did n't become Kappa until 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Vest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Vest', 'summary': "Sparebanken Vest ( OSE : SVEG ) is the third largest savings bank in Norway , and the country 's second oldest bank . Its predecessor , Bergens Sparebank , was established in 1823 . The main offices lie in Bergen , though the bank has branches throughout Hordaland , Sogn og Fjordane and Rogaland . Sparebanken Vest was previously a member of the SpareBank1 alliance ."}]}, {'value': '7,79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fredrikstad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Carnegie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carnegie_Investment_Bank', 'summary': 'Carnegie Investment Bank AB is a Swedish financial services group with activities in securities brokerage , investment banking and private banking . Founded in 1803 , Carnegie is headquartered in Stockholm with offices across the Nordic region , as well as in London , New York , and Luxembourg . The company has market leading positions in equities research and brokerage , corporate finance advisory and private wealth management . Carnegies customers include institutional investors , corporates , financial institutions , private equity firms , governments and high-net-worth individuals . In 2018 Carnegie had revenues of SEK 2.4 billion and as of 31 December 2018 assets of SEK 12.6 billion . Assets under management amounts to SEK 110 billion and the number of employees is approximately 600 as of Q2 2019 . In the wake of the economic crisis of 2008 Carnegie Investment Bank AB was nationalized on November 10 , 2008 . In May 2009 , the bank was acquired in a joint venture by the private equity company Altor Equity Partners and the investment company Bure Equity . The ambition is to re-establish Carnegie as the leading independent investment bank in the Nordic region .'}]}, {'value': '7,77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lillestrøm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diadora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diadora', 'summary': 'Diadora is an Italian sports clothing and fashion accessory manufacturer with locations in Italy , Brazil , the United States , Hong Kong , Australia and Bangladesh .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordea', 'summary': 'Nordea Bank Abp ( Finnish : Nordea Bank Oyj ) , commonly referred to as Nordea , is a European financial services group operating in northern Europe and based in Helsinki , Finland . The bank is the result of the successive mergers and acquisitions of the Finnish , Danish , Norwegian and Swedish banks of Merita Bank , Unibank , Kreditkassen ( Christiania Bank ) and Nordbanken that took place between 1997 and 2000 . The Baltic states are today also considered part of the home market . The largest shareholder of Nordea is Sampo , a Finnish insurance company with around 20% of the shares . Nordea is listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange , Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange . Nordea operates across both the Nordic and Baltic regions with over 1,400 branches . The bank is present in 20 countries around the world , operating through full-service branches , subsidiaries and representative offices , although it primarily provides services in Finland , Norway , Denmark , Sweden , Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania . Nordea serves 11 million private and 700,000 active corporate customers . The group also operates an Internet bank , which has more than 5.9 million online customers and performs more than 260 million payments per year .'}]}, {'value': '7,70', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Carrot Communications', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,53', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Molde', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Møre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Møre', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Møre is a Norwegian savings bank , headquartered in Ålesund , Norway . The banks main market is Møre og Romsdal . The bank was established when several savings banks in Møre og Romsdal merged . The following savings banks joined the merger in 1985 :'}]}, {'value': '7,96', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Odd Grenland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Skagerak Energi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skagerak_Energi', 'summary': "Skagerak Energi is a Norwegian utility company . The company 's main focus is production and distribution of electrical power and other energy , in addition to business areas related to this . The group has about 600 employees , and an annual power production of 5 TWh , about 176,000 grid customers , and an annual revenue of NOK 2 billion . Skagerak does not sell electricity to end-users , but is a co-owner in the end-user power company Fjordkraft . Skagerak Energi is a part of Statkraft Group , and is owned 66.62% by Statkraft Regional Holding , and 33.38% by the towns in the Grenland region in Norway . It operates 17 wholly owned and 28 partially hydroelectric power plants . Skagerak Energi is a major sponsor of the first-division Norwegian football team Odd Grenland ."}]}, {'value': '7,97', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosenborg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'REMA 1000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/REMA_1000', 'summary': 'REMA 1000 is a multinational no-frills supermarket chain owned entirely by the Reitan Group ( Reitangruppen ) . REMA is a short for Reitan Mat ( Reitan Food ) , referring to Odd Reitan ( founder of the company ) . 1000 refers to offering a selection of only one thousand different products ( see the history section ) . With their headquarters located in Oslo , Norway , REMA 1000 includes businesses in Norway and Denmark . The chain is based on a franchised discount concept : buying large quantities of a limited range of products and offering these to semi-independent owners under their brand . By the end of 2016 , Rema 1000 had a total amount of 868 stores spread across Norway and Denmark . By 2016 , the supermarket chain captured 24,2% of the total revenue by all Norwegian supermarkets , taking the lead over its closest rival Kiwi .'}]}, {'value': '8,12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandefjord', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jotun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jotun_(company)', 'summary': 'The Jotun Group is a Norwegian chemicals company dealing mainly in decorative paints and performance coatings ( marine , protective and powder coatings ) . As of December 2019 , the company has a presence in more than 100 countries around the world , with more than 10,000 employees , 63 companies in 45 countries , and 37 production facilities in 21 countries .'}]}, {'value': '7,63', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stabæk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fornebu - nytt liv', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Start', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Sør', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Sør', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Sør is a savings bank based in Kristiansand , Norway . Sparebanken Sør´s main market is located in the counties of Aust-Agder , Vest-Agder and Telemark . There are 40 branches in this district serving the customers . The internet and mobile banking services are among the most modern in Norway . Sparebanken Sør is an independent savings bank with total assets of BNOK 90 , and 500 man-years as of 1 . January 2014 . The bank´s main products are savings , loans and domestic and international payment services . In cooperation with other savings banks , Sparebanken Sør owns companies for insurance , securities and leasing/factoring , and the bank is selling their products . Sparebanken Sør is regulated by the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway ( Finanstilsynet )'}]}, {'value': '7,73', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strømsgodset', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Drammen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tromsø', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puma_AG', 'summary': "Puma SE , branded as Puma , is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear , apparel and accessories , which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Bavaria , Germany . Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world . The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler . In 1924 , Rudolf and his brother Adolf Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ( Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory ) . The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948 , forming two separate entities , Adidas and Puma . Both companies are currently based in Herzogenaurach , Germany . Puma has been a public company since 1986 , listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange . French luxury group Kering ( formerly known as Pinault-Printemps-Redoute or PPR ) holds 16% , Kering 's largest shareholder Artemis SA owns 29% of the share capital . Since 1 July 2013 , the company has been led by former football professional Bjørn Gulden ( CEO ) . As of 2017 , Puma SE employs more than 13,000 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries . Following the split from his brother , Rudolf Dassler originally registered the new-established company as Ruda , but later changed the name to Puma . Puma 's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D , which was registered , along with the company 's name , in 1948 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Nord-Norge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Nord-Norge', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Nord-Norge ( OSE : NONG ) , branded as SpareBank 1 Nord-Norge is a Norwegian savings bank . The bank has 90 branch offices in Nordland , Tromsø , Finnmark and Svalbard and a head office in Tromsø . It has 250,000 private and 40,000 institutional customers with total assets of NOK 48 billion . The bank is a founding member of the bank alliance SpareBank 1 , with a 19.5% ownership .'}]}, {'value': '7,92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viking', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Lyse Energi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyse_Energi', 'summary': "Lyse ( Norwegian for ( to ) light ) is a power company based in Jæren and Ryfylke , Norway . The company operates ten hydroelectric and one thermal power plants , the power grid in 16 municipalities as well as fiberoptic broadband ( Altibox ) and other telecommunication services , natural gas distribution , district heating , burglar alarms , liquefied natural gas , retailing and installation services . The company 's head office is located in Stavanger . In 2015 the company changed its name from Lyse Energi AS to Lyse AS . The company is owned by the municipalities of Stavanger ( 43.68% ) , Sandnes ( 19.53% ) , Sola ( 8.74% ) , Time ( 5.83% ) , Klepp ( 4.23% ) , Hå ( 3.78% ) , Randaberg ( 3.28% ) , Eigersund ( 2.95% ) , Strand ( 2.53% ) , Rennesøy ( 1.15% ) , Hjelmeland ( 0.99% ) , Gjesdal ( 0.93% ) , Finnøy ( 0.91% ) , Lund ( 0.71% ) , Bjerkreim ( 0.51% ) and Kvitsøy ( 0.23% ) . Lyse operates the power grid in all these municipalities ."}]}, {'value': '7,59', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vålerenga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_(company)', 'summary': "Kappa is an Italian sportswear brand founded in Turin , Piedmont , Italy . Kappa was founded as a sock firm in Turin , Italy , in 1916 but did n't become Kappa until 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hafslund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hafslund_(company)', 'summary': 'Hafslund ASA was listed on Oslo Børs ( Oslo Stock Exchange ) until August 4 , 2017 , and was one of the largest listed power companies in the Nordic region . Oslo municipality , with a stake of 53.73 percent , was the largest owner when the company was taken out of stock exchange . The two largest shareholders in Hafslund ASA - Oslo Municipality and Fortum - entered into an agreement in the spring of 2017 to acquire Hafslund , with a subsequent restructuring of the Group . Oslo Municipality and Fortum conducted several transactions , and from 4 August 2017 the ownership in Hafslund is as follows :'}]}, {'value': '7,93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aalesund', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbro', 'summary': 'Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle , near Manchester . Umbro designs , sources , and markets football-related apparel , footwear , and equipment . Its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide . Since 2012 , the company has been a subsidiary of American company Iconix Brand Group , after being bought by Nike in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sparebanken Møre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sparebanken_Møre', 'summary': 'Sparebanken Møre is a Norwegian savings bank , headquartered in Ålesund , Norway . The banks main market is Møre og Romsdal . The bank was established when several savings banks in Møre og Romsdal merged . The following savings banks joined the merger in 1985 :'}]}, {'value': '7,72', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Other', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2009_Tippeligaen_3', 'intro': 'The 2009 Tippeligaen was the 64th completed season of top division football in Norway. The competition began on 15 March and end on 1 November. Stabæk were the defending champions. Odd Grenland, Sandefjord and Start entered as the three promoted teams from the 2008 1. divisjon. They replaced HamKam who were relegated to the 2009 1. divisjon.'}
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The kit maker for 2009 Tippeligaen 's Fredrikstad is based in what city ?
Cheadle