option list | question stringlengths 11 354 | article stringlengths 231 6.74k | id stringlengths 5 8 | label int64 0 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"habitat destruction.",
"continental movement.",
"fierce interspecies competition.",
"changes in Earth's temperature."
] | According to paragraph 3, each of the following has been proposed as a possible cause of mass extinctions EXCEPT | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 2 |
[
"Scientists know the exact causes of most mass extinctions.",
"Mass extinctions are unlikely to happen again in the future.",
"Insects, flowering plants, and bottom-feeding predators in the oceans tend to be the first organisms to disappear during episodes of mass extinctions.",
"Some mass extinctions occurre... | Paragraph 3 supports which of the following ideas about mass extinctions? | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 3 |
[
"Their location.",
"Their frequency.",
"Their duration.",
"Their severity."
] | According to paragraph 4, what aspect of extinction episodes does the companion-star hypothesis supposedly clarify? | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 1 |
[
"describe.",
"challenge.",
"explain.",
"test."
] | The phrase account for in the passage(Paragraph 5)is closest in meaning to | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 2 |
[
"Its occurrence in a few locations on Earth against several locations on other planets.",
"Its occurrence in limited quantities on Earth against its abundance in asteroids.",
"Its ability to remain solid at extremely high temperatures.",
"Its ease of detection even in very small amounts."
] | According to paragraph 6, what made iridium a useful test of the Alvarez hypothesis? | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 1 |
[
"The importance of the indirect evidence for a large asteroid.",
"The fact that no evidence supports the asteroid impact hypothesis.",
"The reason many researchers reject the Alvarez hypothesis.",
"The responsibility of scientists for not making the effort to discover the asteroid itself."
] | In stating that no asteroid itself has ever been recovered, the author emphasizes which of the following? | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 0 |
[
"sudden.",
"unusual.",
"immediate.",
"extreme."
] | The word intense(Paragraph 7)in the passage is closest in meaning to | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 3 |
[
"It proposes a decisive new test of the Alvarez hypothesis.",
"It presents additional supporting evidence for the Alvarez hypothesis.",
"It explains why evidence relating to the Alvarez hypothesis is hard to find.",
"It shows how recent evidence has raised doubts about the Alvarez hypothesis."
] | What is the purpose of paragraph 7 in the passage? | Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago)... | 708.txt | 1 |
[
"He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.",
"He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.",
"He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.",
"He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves."
] | What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton? | You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup . At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was... | 1963.txt | 3 |
[
"Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers.",
"They contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food.",
"Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.",
"They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Africa."
] | What does the passage say about kola nuts? | You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup . At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was... | 1963.txt | 2 |
[
"Cocaine had become notorious.",
"Alcoholic drinks were prohibited.",
"Fountains were set up to sell them.",
"Rights were sold to bottle the soda."
] | How come kola-extract colas became popular? | You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup . At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was... | 1963.txt | 0 |
[
"It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.",
"It still relies on traditional kola nut extract.",
"It has become more popular among the old.",
"It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation."
] | What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola? | You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup . At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was... | 1963.txt | 3 |
[
"The evolution of Coca-Cola.",
"The success story of Coca-Cola.",
"The medicinal value of Coca-Cola.",
"The business strategy of Coca-Cola."
] | What is the passage mainly about? | You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup . At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was... | 1963.txt | 0 |
[
"To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.",
"To stress the influence of the automobile on 's standard of convenience.",
"To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.",
"To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in cha... | What's the author's purpose in writing this passage? | Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast are... | 828.txt | 3 |
[
"trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation",
"trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation",
"trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be",
"trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience"
] | It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that _ . | Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast are... | 828.txt | 1 |
[
"the freedom and convenience provided on trains",
"the practical aspects of train travel",
"the adventurous aspects of train trips",
"the safety and cleanliness of train trips"
] | To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized _ . | Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast are... | 828.txt | 2 |
[
"they could focus on meaningful travel experiences",
"they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programs",
"their profits could be increased by some 15 percent",
"most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences"
] | The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and because _ . | Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast are... | 828.txt | 3 |
[
"the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised",
"it provided an exciting travel experience",
"its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoors",
"it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle"
] | According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because _ . | Amtrak was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast are... | 828.txt | 0 |
[
"cut off.",
"viewed.",
"protected.",
"rescued."
] | The word "severed" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 0 |
[
"Their incomes were reduced.",
"Their sons were posted as district officers in distant provinces.",
"They could sell lands that had traditionally belonged to them.",
"They had less control over the rural populations."
] | According to paragraph 1, the situation for Siam's old ruling families changed in all of the following ways EXCEPT: | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 2 |
[
"Its urban population began to migrate out of the cities and into the country.",
"Its Central Plain was almost as densely populated as it is today.",
"It was so rural that wild elephants and tigers sometimes roamed Bangkok.",
"It had many more villages than it did in the late 1800s."
] | According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of Siam in 1905? | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 3 |
[
"the parts that consume rice.",
"the parts that do not have enough rice.",
"the parts where rice is grown.",
"the parts that depend primarily on rice."
] | The phrase "rice-deficient portions" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 1 |
[
"an increase in the price of rice.",
"an increase in the amount of rice leaving Siam.",
"an increase in the nutritional quality of the rice grown.",
"an increase in the amount of land used for rice production."
] | Paragraph 3 mentions all of the following as signs of economic growth in Siam EXCEPT | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 2 |
[
"growing varieties of rice that produced greater yields.",
"forming collective farms by joining together with other farm families.",
"planting rice in areas that had previously remained unplanted.",
"hiring laborers to help them tend their fields."
] | According to paragraph 3, farming families increased the amount of rice they grew in part by | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 2 |
[
"Rural people became more closely connected to the aristocracy.",
"Rural people spent more time growing rice for profit.",
"The government began to pay the laborers who grew rice for it.",
"The government introduced a special tax on rice."
] | According to paragraph 4, what happened after the government ended the practice of requiring rural people to perform labor for it? | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 1 |
[
"Paragraph 4 provides further evidence of the economic growth of Siam discussed in paragraph 3.",
"Paragraph 4 continues the discussion begun in paragraph 3 of farming improvements that led to economic growth.",
"Paragraph 4 examines a particular effect of the Bowring Treaty mentioned in paragraph 3.",
"Parag... | Which of the following best describes the relationship between paragraphs 3 and 4 in the passage? | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 3 |
[
"spread out.",
"gained power.",
"adapted.",
"specialized."
] | The word "dispersed" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 0 |
[
"foreign.",
"formal.",
"required.",
"preferred."
] | The word "compulsory" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 2 |
[
"They were forced to spend most of the profits from rice growing on registrations required by the government.",
"Their lives remained very difficult even though statistics suggest that their quality of life improved.",
"The non-farmers among them were helped by the government more than the farmers among them we... | According to paragraph 5, which of the following was true of Siam's rural people during the Fifth Reign? | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 1 |
[
"requiring the people to register their cattle and land.",
"requiring the people to buy certain kinds of imported goods.",
"discouraging the people from making handicrafts and tools.",
"encouraging more people to take up farming."
] | According to paragraph 5, the government bureaucracy intruded in village life by | In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now ThailanD. The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their ... | 3759.txt | 0 |
[
"Rely on the precise language of art history whendeveloping scripts for films on art.",
"Rely on dramatic narrative and music to set afilm's tone and style.",
"Recognize that a work of art by itself can becompelling enough to hold a viewer's attention",
"Depend more strongly on narration instead ofcamera move... | The passage suggests that a filmmaker desiring toenhance viewers' perceptions of art should do which ofthe following? | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 2 |
[
"provide an example of how films can be used toinfluence perceptions",
"present evidence to support the argument thatfilms have been used successfully to influenceviewers' perceptions",
"introduce the notion that film can influence howviewers see",
"contrast a traditional view of the uses of filmwith a more m... | The author of the passage refers to Vertov in the first paragraph most probably in order to | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 2 |
[
"An observation about an unsatisfactory situationis offered, the reasons for the situation are dis- cussed, and then ways to change it are suggested",
"Two opinions regarding a controversial phenom- enon are contrasted, supporting evidence foreach is presented, and then the two opinions arereconciled.",
"Critic... | Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 0 |
[
"discussing why film's potential as a medium for presenting art to the general public has not been fully realized and how film might be made more effective in this regard",
"discussing the shortcomings of films on art andthe technological innovations required to increasethe impact of film on visual literacy",
"... | The passage is primarily concerned with | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 0 |
[
"Reading a publication about a work of art andthen seeing a film about the same work is themost effective way to develop visual literacy.",
"An increase in a viewer's awareness of visualforms will also lead to an increased attentionspan.",
"Film has a great but not yet fully exploited capac- ity to increase vie... | The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about film and visual literacy? | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 2 |
[
"The art historian's role in the creation of a film onart is likely to be a relatively minor one.",
"Film provides an ideal opportunity to acquaintviewers with a wide range of issues that relateincidentally to a work of art.",
"An in-depth analysis of a work of art is not anappropriate topic for a film on art."... | According to the passage, art historians desiring towork with filmmakers to enhance the public's appreci- ation of art need to acknowledge which of the fol- lowing? | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 3 |
[
"Ambivalence",
"Indifference",
"Sympathy",
"Disdain"
] | Which of the following would describe the author'smost likely reaction to a claim that films on art wouldmore successfully promote visual literacy if theyfollowed the standards set for rock videos? | In 1923 the innovative Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov described filmmaking as a process that leads viewers toward a "fresh perception of the world." Vertov's description of filmmaking should apply to films on the subject of art. Yet films on art have not had a powerful and pervasive effect on the way we see.
Publicatio... | 1912.txt | 3 |
[
"positive",
"progressive",
"conservative",
"negative"
] | The author's attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depicted as _ . | Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new air... | 3899.txt | 2 |
[
"does not encourage technology transfer",
"is too limited to offer chances of success",
"requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices",
"is full of competitions even for new entrants"
] | "The airliner market is not such a device" means that the airliner market _ . | Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new air... | 3899.txt | 3 |
[
"save the cost of the airframe",
"improve some aircraft components",
"save the cost of labour",
"develop new technology"
] | Established manufacturers search for partners in order to | Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new air... | 3899.txt | 0 |
[
"try to benefit from both financial and technical resources",
"break up his partnership with the East once profits are made",
"keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners",
"collaborate with Asian partners for a short time"
] | According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should _ . | Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new air... | 3899.txt | 3 |
[
"a production place",
"the initial operation of building aircraft",
"a research institute",
"a position where to start building"
] | The word "base" in the last paragraph represents _ . | Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new air... | 3899.txt | 0 |
[
"conceal layers of rock",
"can be found in various places",
"are usually small",
"must be removed from construction sites"
] | The author's main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 1 |
[
"in desert sand dunes",
"in forests",
"on hillsides",
"near rivers"
] | It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas? | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 0 |
[
"buried",
"improved",
"available",
"workable"
] | The word "accessible" in line 4 is closest in meaning to | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 2 |
[
"it is exposed to freezing and thawing",
"roots of trees force their way into cracks",
"it is combined with alkalis",
"natural forces wear away the Earth's crust"
] | According to the passage , rock breaks down into clay under all of the following conditions EXCEPT when | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 2 |
[
"It is often used as a substitute for clay.",
"It is damaged by the oxides in clay.",
"Its presence indicates inferior clay.",
"It is a major component of clay."
] | Why does the author mention feldspar in line 10? | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 3 |
[
"iron",
"feldspar",
"granite",
"clay"
] | The word "it" in line 13 refers to | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 1 |
[
"must be strong",
"can be porous",
"have a smooth texture",
"are highly decorated"
] | Based on the information in the passage , it can be inferred that low-fire clays are MOST appropriate for making objects that | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 1 |
[
"reduce",
"explain",
"combine with",
"list all of"
] | The phrase "account for" in line 22 is closest in meaning to | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 1 |
[
"Clay deposits are only found deep in the Earth.",
"If clay contains too much iron it will melt when fired.",
"Only certain types of clay are appropriate for making china teacups.",
"If sufficient heat is applied, all clay will become nonporous."
] | The passage supports which of the following conclusions? | Under the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may ... | 376.txt | 2 |
[
"10% of Canadian softwood comes into America",
"America impose a tax on Canadian softwood",
"Canada is dumping wood into America",
"Canadian softwood is sold at a subsidized price"
] | Hard feelings produced by softwood result in _ . | It is called softwood, but these days it is producing nothing but hard feelings. Softwood is used to build houses, stuff that in skilled hands changes from a pile of wood into a recognizable home in mere days. In the United States, about 10% of such softwood comes from Canada. But on March 2nd the Department of Commerc... | 1056.txt | 1 |
[
"experts are hired to defend the logging industry",
"the central government sets a uniform price for its forest",
"the uncut trees are given to logging companies for free",
"logging companies pay 40% of the softwood tariff"
] | It is true of Canada that _ . | It is called softwood, but these days it is producing nothing but hard feelings. Softwood is used to build houses, stuff that in skilled hands changes from a pile of wood into a recognizable home in mere days. In the United States, about 10% of such softwood comes from Canada. But on March 2nd the Department of Commerc... | 1056.txt | 0 |
[
"welcomed",
"hated",
"admitted",
"avoided"
] | The word "anathema" (Line 7, Paragraph 3) probably refers to something that are _ . | It is called softwood, but these days it is producing nothing but hard feelings. Softwood is used to build houses, stuff that in skilled hands changes from a pile of wood into a recognizable home in mere days. In the United States, about 10% of such softwood comes from Canada. But on March 2nd the Department of Commerc... | 1056.txt | 1 |
[
"Lumber price mainly consists of stumpage fee.",
"Private forests monopolise the Canadian logging market.",
"Americans apply a double standard in lumber trade.",
"Raising stumpage fees will finally solve the problem."
] | What can we infer from the text? | It is called softwood, but these days it is producing nothing but hard feelings. Softwood is used to build houses, stuff that in skilled hands changes from a pile of wood into a recognizable home in mere days. In the United States, about 10% of such softwood comes from Canada. But on March 2nd the Department of Commerc... | 1056.txt | 2 |
[
"Demand for wooden house will fall.",
"Customers will have to pay high prices.",
"Canada will place higher tax on lumber industry.",
"The U.S. will negotiate the matter sincerely."
] | What will probably happen because of this trade war? | It is called softwood, but these days it is producing nothing but hard feelings. Softwood is used to build houses, stuff that in skilled hands changes from a pile of wood into a recognizable home in mere days. In the United States, about 10% of such softwood comes from Canada. But on March 2nd the Department of Commerc... | 1056.txt | 1 |
[
"IBM cannot help but overhaul its pension plan ，233.com",
"IBM takes much responsibility for saving for retirement",
"workers will assume more financial responsibility for their old age",
"most Americans have taken on responsibility for saving for retirement"
] | It is informed in the text that_ . | When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individ... | 1198.txt | 2 |
[
"most companies are not so healthy as IBM",
"it can help companies relieve their pension obligations",
"millions of Americans have opened their individual accounts for years",
"more factors should be taken into consideration for a healthy pension plan"
] | Corporate defined benefit programmes will come to an end primarily because_ | When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individ... | 1198.txt | 1 |
[
"risk diversification ，233.com",
"basic financial concepts，233.com",
"how much he pays to use credit",
"the fluctuation in value of his investment"
] | If one is to assume more financial responsibility, he should have more knowledge about_ | When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individ... | 1198.txt | 1 |
[
"even professionals are short of financial information",
"personal saving rates will no doubt increase remarkably",
"professionals are usually better prepared for their retirement",
"there will be less personal bankruptcies in both America and Britain"
] | It can be inferred from the text that_ | When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individ... | 1198.txt | 0 |
[
"most people are very ignorant about investment",
"individuals should have more choices and responsibility",
"individuals should be better prepared for their retirement",
"government should provide official financial-information"
] | The main idea of this text is that_ | When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individ... | 1198.txt | 2 |
[
"deserters from sailing ships",
"spanish ranchers",
"gold miners",
"tourists"
] | According to this article, who were the first Californians? | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay.The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight b... | 1332.txt | 1 |
[
"attractive lifestyle,good seafood,desirable weather",
"tourist attactions,extreme seasons,cable cars",
"wagon trains,gold mining,good climate",
"cable cars,pleasent climate,flat terrain"
] | san francisco's appeal includes all of the following factors _ . | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay.The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight b... | 1332.txt | 0 |
[
"heavy industry",
"governmental headquarters",
"goldmining",
"trade and tourism"
] | san francisco today is a thriving city because of _ . | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay.The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight b... | 1332.txt | 3 |
[
"1850",
"1852",
"1846",
"1848"
] | In waht year did California become an American state? | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay.The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight b... | 1332.txt | 0 |
[
"Two contrasting views are presented.",
"An argument is examined and possible solutions given.",
"Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.",
"A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given."
] | Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph? | Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a gr... | 2778.txt | 0 |
[
"did not have the same interests as their neighbors",
"could not develop long-standing relationships",
"tended to be associated with bad behavior",
"usually had more friends"
] | According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _ . | Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a gr... | 2778.txt | 1 |
[
"disrupt people's natural relations",
"make them worry about crime",
"cause them not to show concern for one another",
"cause them to be suspicious of each other"
] | One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors _ . | Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a gr... | 2778.txt | 2 |
[
"the better its quality of life",
"the more similar its interests",
"the more tolerant and open-minded it is",
"the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress"
] | It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, _ . | Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a gr... | 2778.txt | 2 |
[
"Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.",
"Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.",
"The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.",
"The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants."
] | What is the passage mainly about? | Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a gr... | 2778.txt | 0 |
[
"to inform us of what the poverty line is",
"to explain why some people arc poor",
"to find solutions to the problem of poverty",
"to show sympathy for those poor people"
] | The author's main purpose to write this article is _ . | The poverty line is the lowest income that people need for an acceptable standard ofliving. People with income below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty
in order to find solutions to the problem.
About ten percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. Ho... | 401.txt | 2 |
[
"More than 50 percent.",
"About 10 percent.",
"Over 16 percent.",
"Over 40 percent."
] | How many people are considered poor in the United States? | The poverty line is the lowest income that people need for an acceptable standard ofliving. People with income below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty
in order to find solutions to the problem.
About ten percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. Ho... | 401.txt | 1 |
[
"they do not have motivation to work",
"they are ill-educated and have few skills",
"they are too young or too old to work",
"they have physical and family problems"
] | Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because _ . | The poverty line is the lowest income that people need for an acceptable standard ofliving. People with income below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty
in order to find solutions to the problem.
About ten percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. Ho... | 401.txt | 2 |
[
"Better solutions to the poverty problems are not yet found.",
"Welfaresystem will enable people to become rich.",
"Poor people are bound to be rich if rich people help them.",
"Employment is the best solution to the poverty problem."
] | What can we infer from the passage? | The poverty line is the lowest income that people need for an acceptable standard ofliving. People with income below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty
in order to find solutions to the problem.
About ten percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. Ho... | 401.txt | 0 |
[
"eccentric",
"normal",
"enjoyable",
"optimistic"
] | According to the story Doctor Reefy's life seems very _ . | （3）
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. Th... | 238.txt | 0 |
[
"troubled",
"Pregnant",
"twisted",
"cheated"
] | The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the family way. The phrase "in the family way"means _ . | （3）
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. Th... | 238.txt | 1 |
[
"happy",
"miserable",
"easy-going",
"reckless"
] | Doctor Reef lives a _ life. | （3）
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. Th... | 238.txt | 1 |
[
"transient",
"understandable",
"perfect",
"funny"
] | The tall dark girl's marriage to Doctor Reef proves to be a _ one. | （3）
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. Th... | 238.txt | 0 |
[
"eagerness to shut himself away from society",
"suppressed desire to communicate with people",
"optimism about life",
"cynical attitude towards life"
] | Doctor Reef's paper balls probably symbolize his _ . | （3）
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. Th... | 238.txt | 1 |
[
"They worry about school.",
"They dislike living with their parents.",
"They have to be locked in to avoid troubles.",
"They quarrel a lot with other family members."
] | What is the popular image of teenagers today? | The evidence for harmony may not be obvious insome families. But it seems that four out of fiveyoung people now get on with their parents, which isthe opposite of the popularly-held imageofunhappy teenagers locked in their room afterendless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudessurprisingly show... | 2423.txt | 3 |
[
"share family responsibility",
"cause trouble in their families",
"go boating with their family",
"make family decisions"
] | The study shows that teenagers don't want to _ . | The evidence for harmony may not be obvious insome families. But it seems that four out of fiveyoung people now get on with their parents, which isthe opposite of the popularly-held imageofunhappy teenagers locked in their room afterendless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudessurprisingly show... | 2423.txt | 1 |
[
"go to clubs more often with their children",
"are much stricter with their children",
"care less about their children's life",
"give their children more freedom"
] | Compared with parents of 30 years ago, today's parents _ . | The evidence for harmony may not be obvious insome families. But it seems that four out of fiveyoung people now get on with their parents, which isthe opposite of the popularly-held imageofunhappy teenagers locked in their room afterendless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudessurprisingly show... | 2423.txt | 3 |
[
"may be a false belief",
"is common nowadays",
"existed only in the 1960s",
"resulted from changes in families"
] | According to the author, teenage rebellion _ . | The evidence for harmony may not be obvious insome families. But it seems that four out of fiveyoung people now get on with their parents, which isthe opposite of the popularly-held imageofunhappy teenagers locked in their room afterendless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudessurprisingly show... | 2423.txt | 0 |
[
"Negotiation in family.",
"Education in family.",
"Harmony in family.",
"Teenage trouble in family."
] | What is the passage mainly about? | The evidence for harmony may not be obvious insome families. But it seems that four out of fiveyoung people now get on with their parents, which isthe opposite of the popularly-held imageofunhappy teenagers locked in their room afterendless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudessurprisingly show... | 2423.txt | 2 |
[
"strange",
"rapid",
"seasonal",
"essential"
] | The word "curious" in the passage is closest in meaning to | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 0 |
[
"downstream sorting decreases",
"flooding wanes",
"the speed of the current increases",
"the size of particles increases"
] | According to paragraph 1, the competence of a stream increases as | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 2 |
[
"Most of the particles in mountain streams pile up behind boulders and cobbles.",
"When particles of different sizes settle in a place, the smaller ones sit atop the larger ones.",
"There are generally more large particles upstream than downstream in a river.",
"In some situations, downstream particles are cr... | According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of stream sorting EXCEPT: | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 0 |
[
"begin",
"appear",
"build up",
"spread"
] | The word "accumulate" in the passage is closest in meaning to | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 2 |
[
"They start forming in the stream channel and then expand over the banks.",
"They seldom form in rivers that are used for commercial navigation.",
"They tend to grow longer each year.",
"They often last no more than a year."
] | According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about bars in streams? | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 3 |
[
"To explain how the presence of bars changes the speed and direction of water flow in a stream",
"To explain why bars are more common than alluvial fans or other types of sediment deposits",
"To illustrate the particular difficulties that commercial navigation faces on many rivers",
"To help explain how point... | Why does the author ask the reader to "Imagine a winding stream"? | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 3 |
[
"They shift back and forth on the floodplain as some of their channels fill with sediment and new ones are formed.",
"They carry sediments that tend to be very similar in size.",
"They sometimes have mid-channel bars.",
"Some of their channels are created as a result of the overflow of other channels."
] | According to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of braided streams EXCEPT: | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 1 |
[
"To give a reason why heavily sedimented braided streams are common in glacial environments",
"To explain why some mountain streams deposit most of their sediment in a fan-shaped mound",
"To identify the most common source of sediment in arid and semiarid mountainous regions",
"To help explain why glacial sed... | Why does the author include the information that "Glaciers grind bedrock into fine sediment, which is carried by streams flowing from the melting ice"? | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 0 |
[
"in many directions",
"on the surface",
"at the same time",
"in a straight line"
] | The word ""simultaneously"" in the passage is closest in meaning to | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 2 |
[
"noticeably",
"gradually",
"suddenly",
"slightly"
] | The word "abruptly" in the passage is closest in meaning to | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 2 |
[
"They alternate between periods of spreading out and periods of getting smaller",
"They have both active channels and channels that have been blocked by sediment.",
"They are typically formed by rivers that are braided before they reach the delta area.",
"They are much larger when formed in a still lake than ... | According to paragraph 4, what is true about river deltas? | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 1 |
[
"To expand the channels into which the river flows",
"To keep the river flowing in the existing channels",
"To control the amount of sediment the river brings to the delta",
"To increase the part of the delta that lies above water level"
] | According to paragraph 4, what are engineers trying to accomplish in the Mississippi delta? | A large, swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles, from clay to boulders. When the current slows down, its competence (how much it can carry) decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed. If current velocity continues to decrease - as a flood wanes, for example - finer particle... | 4111.txt | 1 |
[
"Go for a vacation.",
"Keep on working.",
"Set an objective for next year.",
"Review the year's achievements."
] | What do most employees plan to do towards the end of the year? | It is the season for some frantic last-minute math-across the country, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: Mor... | 2042.txt | 1 |
[
"They would regard it as a matter of course.",
"They would consider it a must for success.",
"They would look upon it with contempt.",
"They would deem it a trick of businessmen."
] | How would people view dedication to work in the past? | It is the season for some frantic last-minute math-across the country, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: Mor... | 2042.txt | 2 |
[
"The busier one appears, the more respect one earns.",
"The more one works, the more one feels exploited.",
"The more knowledge one has, the more competent one will be.",
"The higher one's status, the more vacation time one will enjoy."
] | What did the researchers find through a series of experiments? | It is the season for some frantic last-minute math-across the country, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: Mor... | 2042.txt | 0 |
[
"The fast pace of life in modern society.",
"The fierce competition in the job market.",
"The widespread use of computer technology.",
"The role of knowledge in modern economy."
] | What may account for the change of people's attitude towards being busy? | It is the season for some frantic last-minute math-across the country, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: Mor... | 2042.txt | 3 |
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