option list | question stringlengths 11 354 | article stringlengths 231 6.74k | id stringlengths 5 8 | label int64 0 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Vegetables.",
"Beer.",
"Milk.",
"Fruit."
] | What is probably more expensive in the country than in the city? | People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy.
They are in close contact with nature. They make friends with trees and stones. owns can dogs. They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the song of birds.
This contact with nature is good for ... | 1406.txt | 1 |
[
"The traffic accident rate is very high in the country.",
"Living in the country saves one a lot of money.",
"Country people enjoy better health than the city people.",
"Country people are honest."
] | What is NOT true of country life? | People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy.
They are in close contact with nature. They make friends with trees and stones. owns can dogs. They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the song of birds.
This contact with nature is good for ... | 1406.txt | 0 |
[
"People living in the country enjoy no advantages.",
"People living in the city are in close contact with nature.",
"People living in the country suffer from more diseases than those living in the city.",
"The prices of farm products are lower in the country than in the city."
] | Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? | People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy.
They are in close contact with nature. They make friends with trees and stones. owns can dogs. They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the song of birds.
This contact with nature is good for ... | 1406.txt | 3 |
[
"The Disadvantages of Living in the Country.",
"The Expenses of Living in the Country.",
"Country Life.",
"Healthy Country People."
] | Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? | People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy.
They are in close contact with nature. They make friends with trees and stones. owns can dogs. They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the song of birds.
This contact with nature is good for ... | 1406.txt | 2 |
[
"Return.",
".Opportunity.",
"Stimulus.",
"Obstacle."
] | The word impetus in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 2 |
[
"People in China were finally ready to trade with Europeans.",
"The European economy was failing because there was no trade with the East.",
"Traditional ways of trading with the East had become very costly.",
"Commercial routes over land had become blocked because of political events."
] | According to paragraph 1, why was it necessary to find a new way for European merchants to reach the East? | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 3 |
[
"Europeans were unwilling to invest in large-scale commercial ventures.",
"Europeans lacked the means for navigating long distances across oceans.",
"Europeans were unwilling to experiment with new business techniques.",
"Europeans lacked knowledge about the commercial methods of other peoples."
] | According to paragraph 2, what was the main difficulty Europeans had to overcome in order to develop a new way of trading with the East? | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 1 |
[
"Artificially.",
"Greatly.",
"Immediately.",
"Regularly."
] | The word dramatically in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 1 |
[
"were easily transported in large quantities.",
"could not be produced in European countries.",
"could be traded for products such as perfumes and medicines.",
"were expected to increase in value over time."
] | It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that spices from Asia were desirable in Europe in the Middle Ages because they | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 1 |
[
"The caravel had fewer masts than the galley.",
"The caravel had a wider hull than the galley.",
"The caravel could carry more cargo than the galley.",
"The caravel was more stable in rough water than the galley."
] | According to paragraph 3, all of the following statements comparing the caravel with the galley are true EXCEPT: | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 0 |
[
"It provided stability for the front part of the ship.",
"It made it possible for the hull to be wider and deeper.",
"It added considerably to the speed of the wind-driven ship.",
"It improved the capacity of the ship to be guided."
] | According to paragraph 3, what did the lateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship? | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 3 |
[
"To provide an example of an instrument that was developed after caravels had begun traveling across oceans.",
"To provide an example of an improvement that resulted directly from the invention of the astrolabe.",
"To identify one of the technological advances that made sea trade with the East possible.",
"To... | In paragraph 4 Why does the author include the information that Western Europeans had developed and put into use the magnetic compass | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 2 |
[
"Completed.",
"Improved.",
"Drawn.",
"Checked."
] | The word refined in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 1 |
[
"purposes.",
"skills.",
"activities.",
"rules."
] | The word norms in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 3 |
[
"It mapped out lanes in the seas for trading ships to follow.",
"It defined the ways in which people should behave at sea.",
"It replaced an earlier code that could not be adapted to the sea trade with the East.",
"It gave instructions on how to navigate a ship."
] | According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the maritime code developed in Europe in the fourteenth century? | In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, p... | 592.txt | 1 |
[
"the growing number of schools in frontier communities",
"an increase in the number of trained teachers",
"the expanding economic problems of schools",
"the increased urbanization of the entire country"
] | It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 3 |
[
"advantages",
"probability",
"method",
"qualifications"
] | The word "means" in line 6 is closest in meaning to _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 2 |
[
"was influenced by",
"happened at the same time as",
"began to grow rapidly",
"ensured the success of"
] | The phrase "coincided with" in line 8 is closest in meaning to _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 1 |
[
"most places required children to attend school",
"the amount of time spent on formal education was limited",
"new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education",
"adults and children studied in the same classes"
] | According to the passage , one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 0 |
[
"alternatives to formal education provided by public schools",
"the importance of educational changes",
"activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.",
"the increased impact of public schools on students."
] | Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in lines 10-11 to illustrate _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 3 |
[
"different groups needed different kinds of education",
"special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them",
"corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress",
"more women should be involved in education and industry"
] | According to the passage , early-twentieth century education reformers believed that _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 0 |
[
"consumption",
"production",
"homemaking",
"education"
] | The word "it" in line 22 refers to _ . | As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make sc... | 1648.txt | 2 |
[
"sprayed with pesticides",
"facing an infrared scanner",
"in poor physical condition",
"exposed to excessive sun rays"
] | Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are ________. | Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley cam... | 4112.txt | 2 |
[
"estimate the damage to the crops",
"draw a color-coded map",
"measure the size of the affected area",
"locate the problem area"
] | In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to ________. | Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley cam... | 4112.txt | 3 |
[
"resorting to spot-spraying",
"consulting infrared scanning experts",
"transforming poisoned rain",
"detecting crop problems at an early date"
] | Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by ________. | Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley cam... | 4112.txt | 0 |
[
"the lack of official support",
"its high cost",
"the lack of financial support",
"its failure to help increase production"
] | The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties due to ________. | Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley cam... | 4112.txt | 2 |
[
"the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce",
"growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops",
"the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture",
"full support from agricultural experts"
] | Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of ________. | Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley cam... | 4112.txt | 1 |
[
"omnipresent.",
"popular.",
"common.",
"usual."
] | The word "ubiquitous" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _ | A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.
The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold unde... | 3459.txt | 0 |
[
"This law forbade the use of B.P.A. in food containers for children.",
"This law was not enforced because of an industry lawsuit that was against the use of B.P.A.",
"This law was revised to allow B.P.A. be used in children's products.",
"This law went into effect before B.P.A. was removed."
] | Which one of the following statements is TURE of the local law passed by San Francisco's board of governors? | A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.
The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold unde... | 3459.txt | 2 |
[
"B.P.A. is rarely tested and scrutinized so intensely.",
"The testing and scrutiny done to the other chemical are no comparison with that to B.P.A.",
"That Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. are not dangerous to humans is supported by multiple evidence.",
"Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. can be u... | According to Tom Cummins, which one of the following is NOT true of B.P.A. | A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.
The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold unde... | 3459.txt | 0 |
[
"B.P.A. has no effect on reproduction.",
"B.P.A. has trifling impact on children and pregnant women.",
"B.P.A. has trifling impact on adult reproductive systems.",
"B.P.A. has great effect on reproduction."
] | From the separate expert panel report it can be inferred that | A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.
The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold unde... | 3459.txt | 2 |
[
"negative.",
"positive.",
"biased.",
"unclear."
] | The author's attitude to the use of Nalgene bottles is _ | A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.
The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold unde... | 3459.txt | 1 |
[
"sends and receives e-mails, and surfs the Web",
"taps into a regional road system to get directions",
"combines car functions and computer functions",
"tracks the latest sports scores and stock quotes"
] | The future car can be defined as the machine which _ . | You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen.
This seductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the "network vehicle",... | 205.txt | 2 |
[
"a computer industry show",
"a network car",
"a car that exhibits electronic achievements",
"a computer that has wheels"
] | "An electronic showcase on wheels"probably means _ . | You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen.
This seductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the "network vehicle",... | 205.txt | 2 |
[
"projects data on the windscreen",
"improves fuel economy and reduces emissions",
"operates anti_lock brake systems",
"regulates the firmness of the shock absorbers"
] | Compared with an ordinary modern car, the network vehicle will have an on-board microcomputer which _ . | You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen.
This seductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the "network vehicle",... | 205.txt | 0 |
[
"calling for help if an accident triggers the airbag",
"transmitting a digital signal to unlock the doors",
"alerting emergency centre if the key is locked in the car",
"plotting out route and alert one to traffic jams"
] | The in-car navigation system has all of the following functions EXCEPT _ . | You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen.
This seductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the "network vehicle",... | 205.txt | 2 |
[
"promote electronic culture",
"advertise for the motor manufacturers",
"attract potential motor consumers",
"provide information about the net vehicle"
] | The passage is written probably to _ . | You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e?mail flashes up on the windscreen.
This seductive satyr is what you get when you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the "network vehicle",... | 205.txt | 3 |
[
"was born to a naturalist's family",
"lost his hearing when he was a child",
"didn't like his brothers and sisters",
"was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood"
] | The first paragraph tells us that the author _ . | Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmeti... | 3189.txt | 0 |
[
"he didn't live very long with them",
"he was fully occupied with observing nature",
"he was too young when he lived with them",
"the family was extremely large"
] | The author can't remember his relatives clearly because _ . | Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmeti... | 3189.txt | 3 |
[
"no more than a born naturalist",
"a naturalist but not a scientist",
"a scientist as well as a naturalist",
"first of all a scientist"
] | It can be inferred from the passage that the author was _ . | Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmeti... | 3189.txt | 2 |
[
"lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist",
"has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic",
"just reads about other people's observations and discoveries",
"comes up with solutions in a most natural way"
] | The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _ . | Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmeti... | 3189.txt | 1 |
[
"full of ambition",
"full of enthusiasm",
"knowledgeable",
"self-disciplined"
] | According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _ . | Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmeti... | 3189.txt | 3 |
[
"describe the formation and nature of singularities",
"Explain why large numbers of stars become singularities",
"compare the characteristics of singularities with those of stars",
"explain what happens during the stages of a singularity's formation"
] | The author's primary purpose in the passage is to | Upwards of a billion stars in our galaxy have burnt up their internal energy sources, and so can no longer produce the heat a star needs to oppose the inward force of gravity. These stars, of more than a few solar masses, evolve, in general, much more rapidly than does a star like the Sun. Moreover, it is just these mo... | 2007.txt | 0 |
[
"Thus, a physicist interested in studying phenomena near singularities would necessarily hope to find a singularity with a measurable gravita－tional field.",
"Accordingly, physicists to date have been unable to observe directly any singularity.",
"It is specifically this startling phenomenon that has allowed us... | Which of the following sentences would most probably follow the last sentence of the passage? | Upwards of a billion stars in our galaxy have burnt up their internal energy sources, and so can no longer produce the heat a star needs to oppose the inward force of gravity. These stars, of more than a few solar masses, evolve, in general, much more rapidly than does a star like the Sun. Moreover, it is just these mo... | 2007.txt | 1 |
[
"He translated a Chinese description of the use of the camera obscura and made the technique available to artists.",
"His convex lens made the projected image easier to trace.",
"His version of the camera obscura allowed for the later addition of a mirror.",
"His improvements relied heavily on design changes ... | What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Giovanni Battista Della Porta's contribution to the camera obscura? | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 1 |
[
"valuable",
"practical",
"moveable",
"popular"
] | The word "portable" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 2 |
[
"whole",
"corrected",
"enlarged",
"shown"
] | The word "projected" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 3 |
[
"What characteristics of Vermeer's paintings suggest that he may have used a camera obscura",
"Why did Vermeer produce only about 30 paintings",
"Do Vermeer's paintings in general suggest that he was unable to paint accurately without using a camera obscura",
"Why did Vermeer need to draw an image on the canv... | Paragraph 2 answers which of the following questions about paintings by Vermeer? | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 0 |
[
"It is the first in a series of about 30 paintings that he created.",
"It may have been painted by one of his students.",
"it was in his possession until his death in 1675.",
"It has the same setting as several other works of his."
] | What does paragraph 2 indicate about Vermeer's The Art of Painting ? | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 3 |
[
"unusual",
"extensive",
"exact",
"historical"
] | The word "faithful" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 2 |
[
"To provide an example of a way to learn about the practices of artists who did not keep good records",
"To emphasize Vermeer's confidence and skill as an artist",
"To provide evidence that Vermeer may have traced the image using a camera obscura",
"To argue that Vermeer did his preliminary sketching on paper... | Why does the author provide the information that 'When one of Vermeer's paintings was X-rayed, it did not have any preliminary sketches on the canvas beneath the paint, but rather the complete image drawn in black and white without any trial sketches"? | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 2 |
[
"very detailed, realistic work",
"increased contrast between light and dark",
"oversimplification of forms when the image is traced",
"complicated foreshortening of objects"
] | According to paragraph 3, Hockney believes that all of the following indicate use of a camera obscura EXCEPT | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 2 |
[
"surprising",
"complex",
"beautiful",
"clear"
] | The word "intricate" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 1 |
[
"reduce",
"affect",
"reflect",
"determine"
] | The word "diminish" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 0 |
[
"Works produced using a camera obscura do not deserve as much respect as those produced without it.",
"The camera obscura was probably used primarily as a training device, rather than used in producing finished works.",
"Use of the camera obscura by Western art's great masters was probably relatively rare.",
... | According to paragraph 4, what does Hockney argue about the use of the camera obscura in producing art? | The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. The image of the illuminated area outside the enclosure is thrown upside down as if by magic onto a surface in the darkened enclosure. This technique was known as long ago as the f... | 2609.txt | 3 |
[
"He cannot stay away from his job too long.",
"The donor can only wait for that long.",
"The operation needs that much time.",
"The ice won't last any longer."
] | Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours? | I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips- of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be imp... | 382.txt | 3 |
[
"To London.",
"ToNewark.",
"To Providence.",
"To Washington."
] | Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? | I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips- of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be imp... | 382.txt | 1 |
[
"between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification",
"as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued",
"over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants",
"about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university"
] | The passage centers on the controversy ________. | Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified (GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organisations, says the ... | 572.txt | 2 |
[
"evidence provided by the EPA of the United States",
"the results of an experiment she conducted herself",
"evidence from her collaborative research with German biologists",
"the results of extensive field tests in Corvallis, Oregon"
] | Ingham insists that her testimony is based on ________. | Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified (GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organisations, says the ... | 572.txt | 1 |
[
"has cancelled its approval for field tests of the GM organism",
"hasn't reviewed the findings of Ingham's research",
"has approved field tests using the GM organism",
"hasn't given permission to field test the GM organism"
] | According to Janet Anderson, the EPA ________. | Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified (GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organisations, says the ... | 572.txt | 1 |
[
"should gather evidence to discredit Ingham's claims",
"should require that the research by their biologists be regulated",
"shouldn't demand that Ingham be disciplined for voicing her views",
"shouldn't appease the opposition in such a quiet way"
] | According to Ann Clarke, the New Zealand Life Sciences Network ________. | Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified (GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organisations, says the ... | 572.txt | 2 |
[
"Her testimony hasn't been supported by the EPA.",
"Her credibility as a scientist hasn't been undermined.",
"She is firmly supported by her university.",
"She has made great contributions to the study of GM bacteria."
] | Which of the following statements about Ingham is TRUE? | Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified (GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organisations, says the ... | 572.txt | 0 |
[
"he had neglected the importance of using the timer",
"the machine had far more technical features than necessary",
"he had set about using it without proper training",
"its operation was far more difficult than the designer intended it to be"
] | The author had trouble operating his VCR because ________. | Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR) described as "simple to use". In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of pr... | 2605.txt | 1 |
[
"should add more useful features to their machines",
"often fail to make their products easy to use",
"should make their appliances as attractive as possible",
"often fail provide proper training in the use of their products"
] | According to the author, manufacturers ________. | Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR) described as "simple to use". In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of pr... | 2605.txt | 1 |
[
"they can do so as a very low cost",
"they find their machines hard to operate",
"they have difficulty selling their products",
"they receive a lot of complaints about their machines"
] | It seems that manufacturers will remain reluctant to make improvements unless ________. | Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR) described as "simple to use". In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of pr... | 2605.txt | 2 |
[
"among ordinary consumers who are not technically minded",
"among people who are technically minded",
"among experienced technicians and potential users",
"among people who are in charge of public relations"
] | According to the passage before a VCR is cold on the market, its original model should be tried out ________. | Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR) described as "simple to use". In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of pr... | 2605.txt | 0 |
[
"the designers are often insensitive to the operational complexities of their machines",
"the range of features provided is unlimited",
"there is no ideal way of controlling quality",
"their designers often ignore the complaints of their uses"
] | One of the reasons why VCRs are so difficult to use is that ________. | Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a Video cassette recorder (VCR) described as "simple to use". In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of pr... | 2605.txt | 0 |
[
"It helps us understand our memory system better.",
"It enables us to recall something form our memory.",
"It expands our memory capacity considerably.",
"it slows down the process of losing our memory."
] | Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important? | Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an... | 1073.txt | 1 |
[
"they have a wider range of interests",
"they are more reliant on the environment",
"they have an unusual power of focusing their attention",
"they are more interested in what's happening around them"
] | One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that _ . | Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an... | 1073.txt | 3 |
[
"it will easily get lost",
"it's not clear enough for you to read",
"it's out of your sight",
"it might get mixed up with other things"
] | A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because _ _. | Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an... | 1073.txt | 2 |
[
"If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.",
"Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.",
"Repetition helps improve our memory.",
"If we keep forgetting things, we'd better return to where we were."
] | What do we learn from the last paragraph? | Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an... | 1073.txt | 0 |
[
"The process of gradual memory loss.",
"The causes of absent-mindedness.",
"The impact of the environment on memory.",
"A way if encoding and recalling."
] | What is the passage mainly about? | Most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded it deeply."
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an... | 1073.txt | 1 |
[
"education in general",
"Americans' attitudes",
"higher education",
"American education"
] | The topic treated in this passage is _ . | Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial op... | 745.txt | 3 |
[
"certain",
"contradictory",
"ambitious",
"unclear"
] | Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _ . | Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial op... | 745.txt | 1 |
[
"higher education",
"public education",
"responsible citizens",
"learning the basics"
] | Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _ . | Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial op... | 745.txt | 0 |
[
"information is our only product",
"education in the future will be specialized",
"we are entering an age of information",
"we are living in an age of information"
] | It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _ . | Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial op... | 745.txt | 1 |
[
"The History of American Education.",
"The Need for Specialized Education.",
"The Future of the American Educational System.",
"Attitudes toward American Education."
] | Which of the following is the best title for the passage? | Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial op... | 745.txt | 3 |
[
"is well worth the money spent on its construction",
"is almost faultless form the point of energy conservation",
"failed to meet energy conservation standards",
"was designed and constructed in a scientific way"
] | It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas' house-- | Priscilla-Ouchida's "energy efficient"house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a $ 100,000,three-bedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving feature... | 3212.txt | 1 |
[
"Lack of fresh air.",
"Poor quality of building materials.",
"Gas leakage in the kitchen.",
"The newly painted walls."
] | What make the Ouchidas' new house a horrible dream? | Priscilla-Ouchida's "energy efficient"house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a $ 100,000,three-bedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving feature... | 3212.txt | 0 |
[
"relieve",
"accelerate",
"worsen",
"improve"
] | The word"accentuate"(Para.3) most probably means" _ ." | Priscilla-Ouchida's "energy efficient"house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a $ 100,000,three-bedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving feature... | 3212.txt | 2 |
[
"Because indoor cleanliness was not emphasied.",
"Because energy used to be inexpensive.",
"Because environmental protection was given top priority.",
"Because they were technically unavoidable."
] | Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern? | Priscilla-Ouchida's "energy efficient"house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a $ 100,000,three-bedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving feature... | 3212.txt | 1 |
[
"Energy conservation",
"House Building Crisis",
"Air Pollution Indoors",
"Traps in Building Construction"
] | Thispassageismostprobably taken from an article entitled _ | Priscilla-Ouchida's "energy efficient"house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago,they built a $ 100,000,three-bedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small doublepaned windows and several other energysaving feature... | 3212.txt | 2 |
[
"It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.",
"It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.",
"It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.",
"It was a skill that required lots of practice to master."
] | What does the author say about photo-taking in the past? | Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experi... | 2052.txt | 0 |
[
"what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers",
"whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing",
"how it could help to enrich people's life experiences",
"whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing"
] | Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______. | Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experi... | 2052.txt | 3 |
[
"They are distracted from what they are doing.",
"They can better remember what they see or do.",
"They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.",
"They can have a better understanding of the world."
] | What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures? | Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experi... | 2052.txt | 2 |
[
"They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.",
"They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.",
"They have a better view of what are on display.",
"They follow the historical events more easily."
] | What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses? | Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experi... | 2052.txt | 1 |
[
"It is better to make plans before taking photos.",
"Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.",
"Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.",
"Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect."
] | What do we learn from the last paragraph? | Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experi... | 2052.txt | 3 |
[
"tools with a specific pattern of wear",
"the widespread presence of grinding stones",
"the presence of clay containers",
"results from the analysis of Natufian teeth"
] | All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as evidence that the Natufians may have engaged in the growing and processing of cereals and grains EXCEPT | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 2 |
[
"To argue that the Natufian people consumed grains long before they included fish in their diet",
"To suggest that Natufian people could not replace their tools frequently because they had to travel very long distances to find grinding stones",
"To illustrate the sophistication of the Natufians in the design of... | Why does the author say that "many such tools show signs of long, intensive use" in connection with Natufian agriculture? | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 3 |
[
"symbolize",
"provide evidence of",
"are predictive of",
"coincide with"
] | The phrase "attest to" in the passage is closest in meaning to | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 1 |
[
"had smaller camps",
"had more permanent settlements",
"engaged in trade less often",
"had more meat in their diets"
] | Paragraph 2 suggests that compared with their predecessors, the Natufians | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 1 |
[
"consist mainly of",
"be balanced by",
"not have enough",
"have adequate"
] | The phrase "be deficient in" in the passage is closest in meaning to | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 2 |
[
"something that adds flavor to food",
"something that adds nutritional value to food",
"something that keeps food fresh",
"something that increases the trade value of food"
] | The word "preservative" in the passage is closest in meaning to | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 2 |
[
"had to move their settlements more often",
"needed to supplement their diets with salt",
"found it easy to store their food supplies",
"no longer needed meat to provide essential minerals"
] | According to paragraph 2, the abundance of wild cereals in the Natufian diet probably meant that the Natufians | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 1 |
[
"indicates",
"causes",
"hides",
"prevents"
] | The word "reflects" in the passage is closest in meaning to | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 0 |
[
"values",
"experiences",
"influences",
"connections"
] | The word "ties" in the passage is closest in meaning to | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 3 |
[
"Technological advances",
"Personal ornamentation",
"Cave painting",
"Community burial sites"
] | All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as part of the cultural change experienced by the Natufians EXCEPT: | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 0 |
[
"At the same time as the Natufian population was increasing, the climate was becoming less hospitable.",
"The development of sickles and other tools made it possible for Natufians to exploit new kinds of cereals.",
"The climate changed during the Natufian period and produced conditions favorable to growing cere... | According to paragraph 4, which of the following may have helped push the Natufians toward farming as a way of life? | In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula - we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-sha... | 346.txt | 0 |
[
"Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of television coverage.",
"Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.",
"Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the introduction of televi... | What is the main point of the passage ? | Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party i... | 1984.txt | 3 |
[
"analyzed",
"discussed",
"spread",
"stored"
] | The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to | Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party i... | 1984.txt | 2 |
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