option list | question stringlengths 11 354 | article stringlengths 231 6.74k | id stringlengths 5 8 | label int64 0 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Different people may have different personalities.",
"People differ from each in appearance.",
"People can learn to recognize faces.",
"People can describe all the features of others."
] | Which of the following is NOT true? | Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this... | 1838.txt | 3 |
[
"a person's face is more complex than his personality",
"a person's personality is easily distinguished",
"people's personalities are very alike",
"many words are available when people try to describe one's personality"
] | The reason why it is easier to describe a person's personality in words than his face is that . | Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this... | 1838.txt | 3 |
[
"his way of acting and thinking",
"his way of speaking and behaving",
"his learning and behavior",
"his physical appearance and his personality"
] | We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to . | Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this... | 1838.txt | 3 |
[
"Know the permitted paths.",
"Book campgrounds in advance.",
"Make sure not to make a fire.",
"Stop at Mather and Desert View."
] | What can you do first if you want to go camping? | Five million people visit Grand Canyon in the US every year.For the purpose of helping protect Grand Canyon for your fellow visitors and future generations,please follow the guidelines below.
Camping
To protect the park,camping is allowed only within permitted campgrounds.
Permits are required for overnight camping at ... | 3411.txt | 1 |
[
"They ate wrong things and became very ill.",
"They were a danger to other gentle animals.",
"They begged food from visitors.",
"They kicked and bit visitors."
] | Why were some deer killed on purpose at Grand Canyon? | Five million people visit Grand Canyon in the US every year.For the purpose of helping protect Grand Canyon for your fellow visitors and future generations,please follow the guidelines below.
Camping
To protect the park,camping is allowed only within permitted campgrounds.
Permits are required for overnight camping at ... | 3411.txt | 0 |
[
"To provide travel information.",
"To report some recent news.",
"To teach tourists hiking skills.",
"To introduce the wild life"
] | What is the main purpose of the text? | Five million people visit Grand Canyon in the US every year.For the purpose of helping protect Grand Canyon for your fellow visitors and future generations,please follow the guidelines below.
Camping
To protect the park,camping is allowed only within permitted campgrounds.
Permits are required for overnight camping at ... | 3411.txt | 0 |
[
"To what extent it can trouble people.",
"What role it has played in evolution.",
"What circumstances may trigger it.",
"In what way it can be beneficial."
] | What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? | That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of ... | 512.txt | 3 |
[
"She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.",
"She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.",
"She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins",
"She conducted studies on birds' and dolphins' sleeping patterns."
] | What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? | That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of ... | 512.txt | 2 |
[
"She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.",
"She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.",
"She studied the differences between the two sides of participants' brains.",
"She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects."... | What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment? | That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of ... | 512.txt | 0 |
[
"She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.",
"She recorded participants' adaptation to changed environment.",
"She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.",
"She compared the responses of different participants."
] | What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? | That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of ... | 512.txt | 2 |
[
"They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.",
"They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.",
"They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.",
"They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones."
] | What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? | That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the "first-night" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of ... | 512.txt | 1 |
[
"colorful",
"exact",
"delicate",
"complex"
] | The word "precise" is closest in meaning to | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 1 |
[
"assist",
"require",
"describe",
"recruit"
] | The word "enlist" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 3 |
[
"There is a large number of them.",
"Each of them corresponds to a particular sand painting.",
"They are difficult to remember.",
"They do not take long to perform"
] | What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the Navajo ritual chants? | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 2 |
[
"They involve the creation of large, detailed images.",
"They include performers whose faces are covered.",
"They take place indoors.",
"They are performed without elaborate planning."
] | According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of many important Navajo rituals EXCEPT | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 3 |
[
"the Navajo consider illness to always have a supernatural cause",
"rituals involving songs and sand paintings may be used to treat an illness",
"when a Navajo is ill, ugly and disorderly sand paintings are made",
"after a serious illness, a Navajo will take part in a ceremony"
] | It can be inferred from the discussion of illness and curing in paragraph 2 that | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 1 |
[
"modern",
"accurate",
"wonderful",
"simplified"
] | The word "faithful" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 1 |
[
"The landscape of the Southwest",
"Traditional Navajo practices",
"Historical events that occurred in the Southwest",
"The lives of heroes in traditional Navajo stories"
] | According to paragraph 3, which of the following is often the subject of Navajo sand paintings? | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 3 |
[
"Navajo women oversee all aspects of wool production and weaving.",
"The wool used for blankets comes from different sheep than does the wool used for other purposes.",
"Navajo weavers have used some of the same designs for hundreds of years.",
"Weaving is done primarily for use in rituals."
] | Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about Navajo weavers and weaving? | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 0 |
[
"relative from an earlier generation",
"person who established a particular tradition in a society",
"hero from ancient times",
"person who once made important contributions to a social group or culture"
] | The word "ancestor" in the passage is closest in meaning to | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 2 |
[
"To show how Navajo ideas of weaving have changed over time",
"To explain why the Navajo principle of stability is more clearly represented in their weavings than in their sand paintings",
"To emphasize the role of naturally occurring weaving materials in the creative weavings of the Navajo",
"To help explain... | Why does the author discuss "a mythic ancestor"? | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 3 |
[
"traditional weaving patterns",
"patterns used in sand paintings",
"the activities through which the world was created",
"images from nature"
] | According to paragraph 4, Navajo weavers imitate | The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first ... | 2909.txt | 2 |
[
"Day care centers may be able to receive federal Medicare money.",
"Day care centers can make life better for elderly people.",
"Many old people in the United States are lonely.",
"Old people have no place in their society."
] | What is the main idea of the article? | For four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. "I wasn't sick, but I was acting sick," the 78-year-old widow says. "Every day was the same-I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup." Then, six months ago, she was invited to "The Brigh... | 1401.txt | 1 |
[
"They need full-time care.",
"They wanted to go there.",
"They were sent there.",
"They were volunteers there."
] | According to Para 2, why did many old people have to go to nursing homes? | For four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. "I wasn't sick, but I was acting sick," the 78-year-old widow says. "Every day was the same-I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup." Then, six months ago, she was invited to "The Brigh... | 1401.txt | 2 |
[
"the centers are like elderly playpens.",
"the old people do well at the day care centers.",
"old people like nursing institutions.",
"outside the Brighter side they don't work for the old."
] | According to Alice Brophy (in Paragraph 3)_ . | For four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. "I wasn't sick, but I was acting sick," the 78-year-old widow says. "Every day was the same-I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup." Then, six months ago, she was invited to "The Brigh... | 1401.txt | 1 |
[
"most big American cities.",
"rest homes.",
"day care programs.",
"the White House Conference on aging."
] | "This represents a real alternative to the feared institution." (in Paragraph 3) In the sentence "this" means _ . | For four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. "I wasn't sick, but I was acting sick," the 78-year-old widow says. "Every day was the same-I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup." Then, six months ago, she was invited to "The Brigh... | 1401.txt | 2 |
[
"The writer approves of them.",
"The writer disapproves of them.",
"The writer thinks nursing homes are better.",
"He doesn't say anything about it."
] | How does the writer of the article seem to feel about day care centers for the elderly? | For four lonely years, Evelyn Jones of Rockford, Illinois, lived friendless and forgotten in one room of a cheap hotel. "I wasn't sick, but I was acting sick," the 78-year-old widow says. "Every day was the same-I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup." Then, six months ago, she was invited to "The Brigh... | 1401.txt | 0 |
[
"review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup",
"analyze the causes of errors made by football referees",
"set a standard for football refereeing",
"reexamine the rules for football refereeing"
] | The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _ . | Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeingdecisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournamentinvolving four youth teams. Each match lasted an ho... | 513.txt | 1 |
[
"slightly above average",
"higher than in the 1998 World Cup",
"quite unexpected",
"as high as in a standard match"
] | The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _ . | Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeingdecisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournamentinvolving four youth teams. Each match lasted an ho... | 513.txt | 2 |
[
"errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball",
"the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors",
"the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur",
"errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot"
] | The findings of the experiment show that _ . | Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeingdecisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournamentinvolving four youth teams. Each match lasted an ho... | 513.txt | 0 |
[
"the researchers involved in the experiment",
"the inspectors of the football tournament",
"the referees of the football tournament",
"the observers at the site of the experiment"
] | The word "officials" (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _ . | Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeingdecisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournamentinvolving four youth teams. Each match lasted an ho... | 513.txt | 2 |
[
"The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.",
"Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.",
"A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.",
"An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition."
] | What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment? | Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeingdecisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournamentinvolving four youth teams. Each match lasted an ho... | 513.txt | 1 |
[
"Home service.",
"Modern city life.",
"Laid-off worker.",
"Social status."
] | What is talked about in the passage? | The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of mun... | 2720.txt | 0 |
[
"Heavily-burdened.",
"Old.",
"Inexperienced.",
"Jobless."
] | What does the word "laid-off' in the passage mean? | The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of mun... | 2720.txt | 3 |
[
"Because they didn't get used to the new way of life.",
"Because they are too old to find a new job.",
"Because they dislike being laid off.",
"Because they think they lost their social status."
] | Why were many laid-off workers at a loss? | The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of mun... | 2720.txt | 0 |
[
"Low salary.",
"Lower social status.",
"Dirty working condition.",
"Too much extra work."
] | Why didn't the laid-off workers like to do home services in the past? | The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of mun... | 2720.txt | 1 |
[
"It meets the needs of modern life.",
"It provides work opportunities for the laid-off worker.",
"It is a new industry.",
"A and B."
] | In which ways is home service industry good for our society? | The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of mun... | 2720.txt | 3 |
[
"The continuity of the religious struggle in Britain in new ways.",
"The conversion of religion in Britain.",
"The victory of the New religion in Britain.",
"England became prosperous."
] | The main idea of this passage is | Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though by comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could... | 1622.txt | 0 |
[
"Buddhism.",
"Protestantism.",
"Catholicism.",
"Orthodox."
] | What was Martin Luther's religions? | Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though by comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could... | 1622.txt | 1 |
[
"Civil and military ways.",
"Propaganda and attack.",
"Persuasion and criticism.",
"Religious and military ways."
] | Through what way did the Rome recover some of the lost land? | Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though by comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could... | 1622.txt | 3 |
[
"The activities of missionaries in Britain.",
"The conversion of English people to Protestantism was far from complete.",
"The young in Britain began to convert to Catholicism",
"Most families offered hospitality to missionaries."
] | What did the second paragraph mainly describe? | Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though by comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could... | 1622.txt | 0 |
[
"they are indispensable to people's social well-being",
"they awaken people's desire to exchange resources",
"they help people to cope with life in the information era",
"they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc"
] | Interpersonal relationships are important because _ . | Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on the... | 1434.txt | 0 |
[
"relies on the social welfare systems which support them",
"has much to do with the amount of support they get from others",
"depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles",
"is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives"
] | Research shows that people's physical and mental health _ . | Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on the... | 1434.txt | 1 |
[
"Adds up to.",
"Does away with.",
"Lessens the effect of.",
"Lays the foundation for."
] | Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "cushions" (Line 1, Para. 2)? | Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on the... | 1434.txt | 2 |
[
"instrumental support",
"informational support",
"social companionship",
"the strengthening of self-respect"
] | Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _ . | Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on the... | 1434.txt | 0 |
[
"it helps strengthen our ties with relatives",
"it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes",
"it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable",
"it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles"
] | Social companionship is beneficial in that _ . | Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on the... | 1434.txt | 3 |
[
"both are enjoyable",
"both are hard to learn",
"both are necessary to life",
"both take a long time to prepare"
] | In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because _ . | Like fine food, good writing is something weapproach with pleasure and enjoy from the firsttaste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks,do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite theopposite, just as the cook has to undergo aparticular training, mastering the skills of his trade,the writer must sit at his desk an... | 2367.txt | 0 |
[
"Writing skills are less important than experience.",
"A good writer should have his own way of writing.",
"A good writer should learn to write all kinds of articles.",
"The more efforts one makes, the more money one can earn."
] | According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? | Like fine food, good writing is something weapproach with pleasure and enjoy from the firsttaste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks,do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite theopposite, just as the cook has to undergo aparticular training, mastering the skills of his trade,the writer must sit at his desk an... | 2367.txt | 1 |
[
"to earn our living",
"to attract others to read",
"to do daily reports easily",
"to become good secretaries"
] | The author thinks that the most important reason for us to practice writing skills is _ . | Like fine food, good writing is something weapproach with pleasure and enjoy from the firsttaste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks,do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite theopposite, just as the cook has to undergo aparticular training, mastering the skills of his trade,the writer must sit at his desk an... | 2367.txt | 1 |
[
"comment and blame",
"introduce and describe",
"explain and persuade",
"interest and inform"
] | The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to _ . | Like fine food, good writing is something weapproach with pleasure and enjoy from the firsttaste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks,do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite theopposite, just as the cook has to undergo aparticular training, mastering the skills of his trade,the writer must sit at his desk an... | 2367.txt | 2 |
[
"would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations",
"would have to submit evidence for their innocence",
"could easily escape conviction of guilt",
"cold be convicted of guilt as well"
] | Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects _ . | A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present... | 57.txt | 2 |
[
"the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate",
"two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern",
"a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals",
"two different individuals leave two DNA samples... | DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when _ . | A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present... | 57.txt | 1 |
[
"is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals",
"is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern.",
"Is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics",
"Is theoretically contradictory to wh... | To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method _ . | A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present... | 57.txt | 0 |
[
"enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members",
"enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same person can match",
"enough data are yet to be collected from various ... | The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that _ . | A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present... | 57.txt | 1 |
[
"DNA testing should be systematized",
"Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing",
"The academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing",
"The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing"
] | National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that _ . | A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present... | 57.txt | 1 |
[
"The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms",
"Theories on active plant defense mechanisms",
"How plant defense mechanisms function",
"How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ"
] | What does the passage mainly discuss? | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 2 |
[
"susceptible to",
"classified by",
"attractive to",
"strengthened by"
] | The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 0 |
[
"pierce",
"pinch",
"surround",
"cover ."
] | The word "puncture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 0 |
[
"tissues",
"substances",
"barriers",
"insects"
] | The word "which" in line 12 refers to | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 1 |
[
"resins",
"tannins",
"glycosides",
"alkaloids"
] | Which of the following substances does the author mention as NOT necessarily being toxic to the Colorado beetle? | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 3 |
[
"to compare plant defense mechanisms to the immune system of animals",
"to introduce the discussion of active defense mechanisms in plants",
"to illustrate how chemicals function in plant defense",
"to emphasize the importance of physical barriers in plant defense"
] | Why does the author mention "glycoproteins" in line 17? | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 2 |
[
"striking",
"accurate",
"consistent",
"appealing"
] | The word "dramatic" in line 23 could best be replaced by | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 0 |
[
"Lines 1-3",
"Lines 4-6",
"Lines 13-15",
"Lines 24-27"
] | Where in the passage does the author describe an active plant-defense reaction? | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 3 |
[
"the basis of passive plant defense",
"how chemicals inhibit a parasitic relationship.",
"how plants produce toxic chemicals",
"the principles of the hypersensitive response."
] | The passage most probably continues with a discussion of theories on | Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defense comprises physica... | 2094.txt | 3 |
[
"79 million",
"30 million",
"70 million",
"100 million"
] | In 1990, the number of jobs having nothing to do with computers in the United States will be reduced to ________. | "... We are not about to enter the Information Age but instead are rather well into it." Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one... | 2710.txt | 2 |
[
"one who has never learnt printing",
"one who is not computer literate",
"one who has never learnt to read",
"one who is not able to use a typewriter"
] | The expression "Print illiterate" (Para. 1, Line 16) refers to ________. | "... We are not about to enter the Information Age but instead are rather well into it." Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one... | 2710.txt | 2 |
[
"recent predictions of computer-related jobs",
"the wide use of computers in schools",
"the urgency of computer education",
"public interest in computers"
] | The first paragraph is mainly about ________. | "... We are not about to enter the Information Age but instead are rather well into it." Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one... | 2710.txt | 2 |
[
"what computers are",
"how to use computers",
"where computers can be used",
"how computers work"
] | According to the author, the effective way to spread the use of computers is to teach ________. | "... We are not about to enter the Information Age but instead are rather well into it." Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one... | 2710.txt | 1 |
[
"What to teach about computers should be reconsidered.",
"Those who are not educated in computer use will find it difficult to get a job.",
"Human society has already entered the Information Age.",
"Those who want to use computers should know how computers operate."
] | Which of the following statements is FALSE? | "... We are not about to enter the Information Age but instead are rather well into it." Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one... | 2710.txt | 3 |
[
"They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.",
"They often fail to combine teaching with research.",
"They are over-burdened with administrative staff.",
"They lack talent to fix their deepening problems."
] | What does the author say about present-day universities? | Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colle... | 1824.txt | 2 |
[
"Good classroom teachers.",
"Efficient administrators.",
"Talented researchers.",
"Motivated students."
] | According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most? | Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colle... | 1824.txt | 0 |
[
"They facilitate students' independent learning.",
"They help students form closer relationships.",
"They have more older students than before.",
"They are much bigger than is desirable."
] | What does the author imply about the classes at present? | Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colle... | 1824.txt | 3 |
[
"It requires talent and practice.",
"It is closely related to research.",
"It is a chief factor affecting students' learning.",
"It can be acquired through persistent practice."
] | What does the author think of teaching ability? | Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colle... | 1824.txt | 0 |
[
"Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.",
"Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.",
"Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.",
"Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classro... | What is the author's suggestion for improving university teaching? | Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve" problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colle... | 1824.txt | 1 |
[
"occasionally aim at a certain fluidity",
"appear to shun perfection",
"from time to time show regard for the finishing touch",
"make use of economical short cuts"
] | The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both _ . | Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less pr... | 1088.txt | 1 |
[
"an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standards",
"an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferior",
"the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenliness",
"artistic expression is inhibited by too many roles"
] | "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6～7, Paragraph 1 ) means _ . | Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less pr... | 1088.txt | 0 |
[
"is incoherent and linguistically objectionable",
"is far too ungrammatical for most people to follow",
"unintentionally shocks the audience",
"tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies"
] | Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which _ . | Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less pr... | 1088.txt | 0 |
[
"is the worst among all broadcasting networks",
"has raised English-speaking up to a new level",
"has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960s",
"is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys"
] | The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC _ . | Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less pr... | 1088.txt | 2 |
[
"they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadays",
"they fear the children may become less coherent",
"more importance is now attached to oral expression",
"the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas"
] | Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since _ . | Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less pr... | 1088.txt | 3 |
[
"IBM is changing its computer models continuously",
"it wants to make its machines specialize in specific uses",
"it wants to stay ahead of IBM in the competitive computer market",
"it expects its major competitor IBM to follow its example"
] | According to the passage, Apple Computer, Inc, has introduced the Mackintosh II and the Mackintosh SE because ________. | The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors' role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their prod... | 2216.txt | 2 |
[
"making its new models capable of running IBM software",
"improving the color graphics of its new models",
"copying the marketing strategies of IBM",
"giving the customers what they want"
] | Apple hopes to increase Mackintosh sales chiefly by ________. | The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors' role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their prod... | 2216.txt | 0 |
[
"they have new features and functions",
"they are more sophisticated than other models",
"they have new accessories attached",
"it wants to accumulate funds for future research"
] | Apple sells its new computer models at a high price because ________. | The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors' role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their prod... | 2216.txt | 3 |
[
"copying each other's technology",
"incorporating features that make their products distinctive",
"making their computer more expensive",
"making their computers run much faster"
] | It can be inferred from the passage that both Apple and IBM try to gain a competitive advantage by ________. | The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors' role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their prod... | 2216.txt | 1 |
[
"Apple's Efforts to Stay Ahead of IBM",
"Apple's New Computer Technology",
"Apple's New personal Computers",
"Apple's Research Activities"
] | The best title for the passage would be ________. | The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgement as to their competitors' role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their prod... | 2216.txt | 0 |
[
"It is disappearing.",
"It is being fattened.",
"It is becoming costly.",
"It is changing in style."
] | What is happening to the wallet? | The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from... | 2225.txt | 0 |
[
"Individually.",
"Electronically.",
"In the abstract.",
"Via a cash register."
] | How are business transactions done in big modern stores? | The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from... | 2225.txt | 1 |
[
"Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.",
"The pleasing Friday－night feeling is fading.",
"Earning money is getting more difficult.",
"Spending money is so fast and easy."
] | What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays? | The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from... | 2225.txt | 3 |
[
"It represents a change in the modern world.",
"It has something to do with everybody's life.",
"It marks the end of a time－honoured tradition.",
"It is the concern of contemporary economists."
] | Why does the author choose to write about what's happening to the wallet? | The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from... | 2225.txt | 0 |
[
"He is resistant to social changes.",
"He is against technological progress.",
"He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.",
"He feels insecure in the ever－changing modern world."
] | What can we infer from the passage about the author? | The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from... | 2225.txt | 3 |
[
"stating an incident",
"justifying an assumption",
"explaining the forms of a phenomenon",
"making a comparison"
] | In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _ . | Altruism, according to the text books, has two forms. One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring. The second form is reciprocal altruism, or" you scratch my back a... | 511.txt | 2 |
[
"helping charities shows selfishness while conspicuous consumption shows selflessness",
"helping charities shows selflessness while conspicuous consumption shows selfishness",
"both helping charities and conspicuous consumption show selfishness",
"both helping charities and conspicuous consumption show selfle... | The statement" helping charities looks to be at the opposite end of the selfishness spectrum from conspicuous consumption" （Lines 1～2, Paragraph 2）means _ . | Altruism, according to the text books, has two forms. One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring. The second form is reciprocal altruism, or" you scratch my back a... | 511.txt | 1 |
[
"it helps donators become famous and admired by the public",
"it includes a large amount of deployable resources",
"it provides rich people with a way of showing off their wealth",
"it might be related to mating minds as conspicuous consumption"
] | The main reasons for people's involving in charities being regarded as" blatant benevolence" are as following, EXCEPT that _ . | Altruism, according to the text books, has two forms. One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring. The second form is reciprocal altruism, or" you scratch my back a... | 511.txt | 0 |
[
"the reactions of the two groups of volunteers are similar",
"female volunteers of the two groups behave exactly the same",
"men tend to show off their wealth when courting women",
"men and women always show different inclinations of showing off"
] | The results of the study found that _ . | Altruism, according to the text books, has two forms. One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring. The second form is reciprocal altruism, or" you scratch my back a... | 511.txt | 2 |
[
"The study aims to demonstrate the universality of the\" blatant benevolence\" phenomenon in human nature.",
"The researchers divided volunteers into two groups on purpose for comparison.",
"The second group of volunteers consisted of those who had bad luck in real life.",
"Volunteers of the second group sho... | What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? | Altruism, according to the text books, has two forms. One is known technically as kin selection, and familiarly as nepotism. This spreads an individual's genes collaterally, rather than directly, but is otherwise similar to his helping his own offspring. The second form is reciprocal altruism, or" you scratch my back a... | 511.txt | 1 |
[
"we can think logically in the dreams too",
"dreams can be brought under conscious control",
"dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears",
"dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable"
] | By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _ . | Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thela... | 497.txt | 3 |
[
"Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.",
"Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.",
"One's dreaming process is related to his emotion.",
"People having negative feelings dream more often."
] | What did Cartwright find in her clinic? | Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thela... | 497.txt | 2 |
[
"control what dreams to dream",
"sleep well without any dreams",
"wake up in time to stop the bad dreams",
"identify what is upsetting about the dreams"
] | Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _ . | Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thela... | 497.txt | 2 |
[
"learn to control his dreams",
"consult a doctor",
"sleep and dream on it",
"get rid of anxiety first"
] | The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should _ | Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thela... | 497.txt | 1 |
[
"a good practice",
"a new discovery",
"helpful for everyone",
"not essential for everyone"
] | The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is _ . | Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thela... | 497.txt | 3 |
[
"People who agree on the popularity of \"eco-guilt\".",
"People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.",
"People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.",
"People who spread comforting news to protect our environment."
] | According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as "skeptics"? | Skeptics are a stange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The "eco-guilt" brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives... | 4108.txt | 1 |
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