option list | question stringlengths 11 354 | article stringlengths 231 6.74k | id stringlengths 5 8 | label int64 0 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"anthropological concepts apply to other fields",
"festivals and ceremonies are related cultural phenomena",
"there is a relationship between play and practical ends",
"rituals refer only to belief in mystical beings or powers"
] | The passage suggests that an assumption underlying Turner's definition of ritual is that | lthough Victor Turner's writings have proved fruitful for fields beyond anthropology, his definition of ritual is overly restrictive. Ritual, he says, is "pre- list scribed formal behavior for occasions not given over to technological routine, having reference to beliefs in mystical beings or powers," " Technological r... | 1953.txt | 3 |
[
"Some are unrelated to religious belief.",
"Some are intended to have practical consequences.",
"Some have no purpose other than play",
"They are predominantly focused on agricultural ends."
] | It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes each of the following concerning rituals EXCEPT: | lthough Victor Turner's writings have proved fruitful for fields beyond anthropology, his definition of ritual is overly restrictive. Ritual, he says, is "pre- list scribed formal behavior for occasions not given over to technological routine, having reference to beliefs in mystical beings or powers," " Technological r... | 1953.txt | 3 |
[
"Factual data are presented and a hypothesis is proposed.",
"A distinction is introduced then shown not to be a true distinction.",
"A statement is quoted, and two assumptions on which it is based are clarified.",
"A definition is challenged, and two reasons for the challenge are given."
] | Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? | lthough Victor Turner's writings have proved fruitful for fields beyond anthropology, his definition of ritual is overly restrictive. Ritual, he says, is "pre- list scribed formal behavior for occasions not given over to technological routine, having reference to beliefs in mystical beings or powers," " Technological r... | 1953.txt | 3 |
[
"philosophical.",
"grand.",
"indispensable.",
"authentic."
] | The word "substantial" (Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means _ | Just as Norman Mailer, John Updike and Philip Roth were at various times regarded as the greatest American novelist since the second world war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell vied for the title of greatest American poet. Yet the two men could not be more different. Lowell was a public figure who engaged with politics-i... | 3613.txt | 1 |
[
"the world should go forward endlessly.",
"the world should move on without absurdities.",
"the world should function as well without his existence.",
"the world should go on its path for a bright future."
] | The last words of Lowell mean that _ . | Just as Norman Mailer, John Updike and Philip Roth were at various times regarded as the greatest American novelist since the second world war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell vied for the title of greatest American poet. Yet the two men could not be more different. Lowell was a public figure who engaged with politics-i... | 3613.txt | 3 |
[
"Some lines are borrowed from the other poets' works.",
"Stanzas are different from each other in one poem.",
"Words are scattered casually in his poetry.",
"Tones are continuously changing from the highbrow to the common."
] | Which one of the following is NOT the characteristics of Ashbery's poetry? | Just as Norman Mailer, John Updike and Philip Roth were at various times regarded as the greatest American novelist since the second world war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell vied for the title of greatest American poet. Yet the two men could not be more different. Lowell was a public figure who engaged with politics-i... | 3613.txt | 0 |
[
"he likes to single them out as they very essence of poetry's technique.",
"he uses them in an eccentric way that can hardly be imitated by other poets.",
"he uses simile to make fun of simile.",
"he uses simile to express his complex definition of the idea of simile."
] | Mr. Ashbery's similes in poetry are different from that of the other poets in that _ | Just as Norman Mailer, John Updike and Philip Roth were at various times regarded as the greatest American novelist since the second world war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell vied for the title of greatest American poet. Yet the two men could not be more different. Lowell was a public figure who engaged with politics-i... | 3613.txt | 2 |
[
"Because as a matter of fact Ashbey is most focused on tough matters.",
"Because Ashbey turns out to be a more serious poet than Lowell.",
"Because Ashbey is able to better discern the dilemma of being a poet.",
"Because the theme of life is worth thinking for a poet."
] | Why the author thinks the question Ashbery raised is a tougher one for a poet than we might think? | Just as Norman Mailer, John Updike and Philip Roth were at various times regarded as the greatest American novelist since the second world war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell vied for the title of greatest American poet. Yet the two men could not be more different. Lowell was a public figure who engaged with politics-i... | 3613.txt | 3 |
[
"there is no significance of jury's existence since civil trials do not need it any more.",
"the system of juries has been under increasing attack by all people of the society.",
"juries do not accurately reflect society's ethnic mix.",
"the selection of jurors makes jury inefficient and intricate."
] | The government of Britian wants to abolish juries in complex fraud cases probably because _ | How fair are juries? A study published this week offers timely support for a system that used to be regarded as one of the bulwarks of an Englishman's civil liberties but has come under increasing attack of late. In England, unlike America, juries no longer decide most civil trials. And now the government is pushing a ... | 3689.txt | 1 |
[
"the juries reflect society's ethnic mix.",
"the juries could fully represent people of all walks of life.",
"the juries are made of members of whites and ethnic minorities of equal number.",
"the juries make verdicts without discrimination."
] | From he study by the team led by Cheryl Thomas, we may make the following conclusions except _ | How fair are juries? A study published this week offers timely support for a system that used to be regarded as one of the bulwarks of an Englishman's civil liberties but has come under increasing attack of late. In England, unlike America, juries no longer decide most civil trials. And now the government is pushing a ... | 3689.txt | 2 |
[
"Racial bias is often counterbalanced with each other among individual jurors, resulting in a fair verdict.",
"The jurors has almost none individual discrimination toward the defendant",
"Racial bias exists in individual jurors but is seldom reflected in their final personal judgment.",
"The jurors are usuall... | About the racial bias of juries, which one of the following statements is TRUE? | How fair are juries? A study published this week offers timely support for a system that used to be regarded as one of the bulwarks of an Englishman's civil liberties but has come under increasing attack of late. In England, unlike America, juries no longer decide most civil trials. And now the government is pushing a ... | 3689.txt | 0 |
[
"immune from discrimination.",
"influenced by their prejudices.",
"fair enough.",
"influenced by the defendant."
] | In the eyes of most Englishmen, the verdicts by juries are _ | How fair are juries? A study published this week offers timely support for a system that used to be regarded as one of the bulwarks of an Englishman's civil liberties but has come under increasing attack of late. In England, unlike America, juries no longer decide most civil trials. And now the government is pushing a ... | 3689.txt | 1 |
[
"supportive.",
"opposing.",
"indifferent.",
"dubious."
] | Towards the determination to abolish juries for complex fraud trials, Lord Falconer's attitude can be said to be _ | How fair are juries? A study published this week offers timely support for a system that used to be regarded as one of the bulwarks of an Englishman's civil liberties but has come under increasing attack of late. In England, unlike America, juries no longer decide most civil trials. And now the government is pushing a ... | 3689.txt | 1 |
[
"attend a stage school",
"are going to the theatre",
"have got some work to do",
"love singing and dancing"
] | People would stop feeling uneasy when realising that the children they're talking to _ . | When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying, "We have to go to work now,"you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the "wor... | 3588.txt | 0 |
[
"produce star performers",
"help pupils improve their study skills",
"train pupils in language and performing arts",
"provide a general education and stage training"
] | In the writer's opinion, a good stage school should _ . | When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying, "We have to go to work now,"you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the "wor... | 3588.txt | 3 |
[
"ordinary school work",
"money-making performances",
"stage training at school",
"acting, singing or dancing after class"
] | "Profession work"as used in the text means _ . | When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying, "We have to go to work now,"you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the "wor... | 3588.txt | 2 |
[
"He thinks highly of what they have to offer.",
"He favours an early start in the training of performing arts.",
"He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows.",
"He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached."
] | Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools? | When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying, "We have to go to work now,"you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools, and that the "wor... | 3588.txt | 3 |
[
"show that the federal government is dedicated to improve education quality",
"tell us that Bush's education law was not properly designed and needs change",
"introduce how NCLB provokes different opinions and proposals",
"remind places of utter inaction to implement some measures"
] | The article begins with an announcement about a pilot reform of NCLB to _ . | On March 18th Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform to the No Child Left Behind Act（NCLB）, George Bush's education law, which was passed in 2002. Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast num... | 551.txt | 2 |
[
"NCLB's principles are widely recognized but practices questioned.",
"The aim of NCLB is to encourage students to strive for entering better schools.",
"An important goal of NCLB is to improve students' test-taking ability.",
"The definitions of\" proficiency\" are different on the state and federal levels."... | What is implied in Paragraph 3? | On March 18th Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform to the No Child Left Behind Act（NCLB）, George Bush's education law, which was passed in 2002. Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast num... | 551.txt | 0 |
[
"indifferent",
"disapproving",
"supportive",
"apprehensive"
] | The Democratic attitude toward NCLB is _ . | On March 18th Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform to the No Child Left Behind Act（NCLB）, George Bush's education law, which was passed in 2002. Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast num... | 551.txt | 1 |
[
"a more controversial debate should be carried on about NCLB",
"all the states should strictly meet the standards set by the federal government",
"teachers who fail to help students improve test scores should leave their schools",
"teachers should be provided with more pressure and assistance"
] | According to the proposals raised by those not running for president, _ . | On March 18th Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform to the No Child Left Behind Act（NCLB）, George Bush's education law, which was passed in 2002. Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast num... | 551.txt | 3 |
[
"that the presidency candidates are lukewarm towards educational issues",
"that NCLB is flawed with some fundamental problems",
"the discussion and controversies caused by a pilot reform to NCLB",
"how NCLB fails to comprehensively improve American education in general"
] | The text intends to show _ . | On March 18th Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform to the No Child Left Behind Act（NCLB）, George Bush's education law, which was passed in 2002. Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resources at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast num... | 551.txt | 2 |
[
"go out for a walk in the park",
"watch TV talk show with his children",
"enjoy his first day off work",
"read the newspaper to his children"
] | When his wife left home. Brad expected to. | Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. "This will be like a walk in the park," he'd told his wife. "I'll look after the kids, ... | 3744.txt | 2 |
[
"Drawing on the wall",
"Eating apple jam",
"Feeding the fish.",
"Reading in a room"
] | Which of the following did Randy do? | Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. "This will be like a walk in the park," he'd told his wife. "I'll look after the kids, ... | 3744.txt | 1 |
[
"Because he wanted to clean up his house.",
"Because he suddenly had to go to his office",
"Because he found it hard to manage his boys home.",
"Because he had to take his wife back"
] | Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help? | Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. "This will be like a walk in the park," he'd told his wife. "I'll look after the kids, ... | 3744.txt | 2 |
[
"by space",
"by comparison",
"by process",
"by time"
] | This text is developed. | Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. "This will be like a walk in the park," he'd told his wife. "I'll look after the kids, ... | 3744.txt | 3 |
[
"5,000 dollars goes to a computer !",
"New invention, a laughing computer !",
"World's best chess player beaten!",
"Computer defeats man in chess !"
] | Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? | Moscow, Russia (Space news)-"The computer is a better chess player," insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. "It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly.
Prozorov's disappointment was share... | 1891.txt | 3 |
[
"They thought that the game was no fun.",
"They thought that the game wasn't fair.",
"They agreed that Prozorov didn't play well.",
"They were unhappy that the computer had won."
] | How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer? | Moscow, Russia (Space news)-"The computer is a better chess player," insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. "It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly.
Prozorov's disappointment was share... | 1891.txt | 3 |
[
"That he didn't win the $ 5,000.",
"That he hadn't tried his best.",
"That he had lost to a machine.",
"That this was the end of the chess game."
] | What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter about? | Moscow, Russia (Space news)-"The computer is a better chess player," insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. "It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly.
Prozorov's disappointment was share... | 1891.txt | 2 |
[
"laughed",
"walked away",
"made some remarks",
"gave out some lights and sounds"
] | After winning the game, the computer. | Moscow, Russia (Space news)-"The computer is a better chess player," insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. "It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly.
Prozorov's disappointment was share... | 1891.txt | 3 |
[
"make the game tougher",
"make the game less interesting",
"make man appear foolish",
"make man lose lots of money"
] | Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would. | Moscow, Russia (Space news)-"The computer is a better chess player," insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser. "It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move. I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind , but I just couldn't win," he announced and shook his head sadly.
Prozorov's disappointment was share... | 1891.txt | 1 |
[
"early",
"crucial",
"noticeable",
"frequent"
] | The word "key" in the passage is closest in meaning to | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 1 |
[
"best",
"usual",
"first",
"actual"
] | The word "initial" in the passage is closest in meaning to | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 2 |
[
"a population contains all the different genes present in a species at a particular time",
"a population becomes isolated due to the presence of a geographic barrier",
"genetic mixing begins to occur in previously separate populations of a species",
"a species is successful in crossing a geographic barrier"
] | According to paragraph 1. allopatric speciation is possible when | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 1 |
[
"Paragraph 2 points out a number of ways in which the phenomenon of geographic isolation mentioned in paragraph 1 can occur",
"Paragraph 2 identifies discoveries that led to the conclusion presented in paragraph 1 that geographic isolation has played a rote in the origin of many species",
"Paragraph 2 provides ... | How is paragraph 2 related to paragraph 1? | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 0 |
[
"Geographic barriers are less likely to keep apart populations of plants than populations of animals.",
"Geographic barriers are more likely to keep apart populations of large organisms than populations of small organisms",
"Some members of a species are able to cross geographic barriers, while other members of... | In paragraph 3, the author contrasts a variety of organisms to illustrate which of the following points? | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 3 |
[
"They are the two smallest rodents now found in the southwestern United States.",
"They have white coloring underneath their tails",
"They cannot cross the Grand Canyon",
"They cannot survive in desert conditions"
] | Paragraph 3 supports the idea that white-tailed antelope squirrels and Harris' antelope squirrels have which of the following in common? | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 2 |
[
"experiences",
"allows",
"prevents",
"causes"
] | The word "undergoes" in the passage is closest in meaning to | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 0 |
[
"Because smaller populations are more likely than larger ones to become geographically isolated",
"Because the gene pool of a small isolated population is more likely to undergo substantial change than is the gene pool of a larger population",
"Because a isolated population can become a new species with substan... | According to paragraph 4, why does the size of a population affect the likelihood of allopatric speciation? | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 1 |
[
"were able",
"were forced",
"arrived",
"expanded"
] | The word "managed" in the passage is closest in meaning to | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 0 |
[
"the richness of the volcanic soil of each of the islands in the chain",
"the distance of the individual islands from each other and from the mainland",
"the relativity long time it took for the islands to become covered by organisms",
"the outdoor laboratories that scientists have built on the islands to stu... | Paragraph 5 supports the idea that the Galapagos island chain was able to become "one of the world's greatest showcases of evolution" primarily because of | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 1 |
[
"All thirteen species are now found on most of the Galapagos Islands",
"All thirteen species are descended from the same population of ancestral birds",
"All thirteen species evolved on the island that was originally colonized by finches from the mainland.",
"All thirteen species occur only in small, complete... | According to paragraph 6. what is true about the thirteen species of Galapagos finches? | Biologist Ernst Mayr defined a species as "an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so." A key event in the origin of many species is the separation of a population with its gene pool (all of the genes in a population at any... | 2788.txt | 1 |
[
"nervous",
"excited",
"calm",
"frightened"
] | Throughout the period of darkness, Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _ . | New York, 10 November 5:27 pm, yesterday. Biggestpower failure in the city's history.
Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. MartinSaltzman spent three hours between the 21st and22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "Therewere twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passedthe time telling stories and playing word ga... | 2346.txt | 2 |
[
"She had a taste of adventure.",
"Burning candles brightened the place.",
"Business was better than usual.",
"Many people stayed the night in her restaurant."
] | In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro? | New York, 10 November 5:27 pm, yesterday. Biggestpower failure in the city's history.
Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. MartinSaltzman spent three hours between the 21st and22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "Therewere twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passedthe time telling stories and playing word ga... | 2346.txt | 2 |
[
"Nearly 12 hours.",
"More than 12 hours.",
"Nearly 24 hours.",
"More than 24 hours."
] | How long did the power failure last? | New York, 10 November 5:27 pm, yesterday. Biggestpower failure in the city's history.
Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. MartinSaltzman spent three hours between the 21st and22nd floors of the Empire State Building. "Therewere twelve of us. But no one panicked. We passedthe time telling stories and playing word ga... | 2346.txt | 0 |
[
"Some aggressive animal species have a highly developed hypothalamus.",
"Artificial stimulation of the hypothalamus results in aggression in animals.",
"Animals behaving aggressively show increased activity in the hypothalamus.",
"Animals who lack a hypothalamus display few aggressive tendencies."
] | According to paragraph 2, what evidence indicates that aggression in animals is related to the hypothalamus? | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 2 |
[
"Not all individuals are skilled in finding food",
"Individuals try to defend their young against attackers",
"Many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproduction",
"Individuals with certain genes are more likely to reach adulthood"
] | According to Darwin's theory of evolution, members of a species are forced to struggle for survival because | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 2 |
[
"Unavoidable",
"Regrettable",
"Controllable",
"Unsuitable"
] | The word inevitable in the passage is closest in meaning to | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 0 |
[
"Identify",
"Modify",
"Satisfy",
"Simplify"
] | The word gratify in the passage is closest in meaning to | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 2 |
[
"Future explosions",
"Pent-up aggressive impulses",
"Outlets",
"Indirect ways"
] | The word they in the passage refers to | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 1 |
[
"A frustration that their parents do not give them everything they want",
"A fear that their parents will punish them and stop loving them",
"A desire to take care of their parents",
"A desire to vent aggression on other family members"
] | According to paragraph 5, Freud believed that children experience conflict between a desire to vent aggression on their parents and | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 1 |
[
"Deliberately build up their aggression to make themselves stronger",
"Usually release aggression in explosive ways",
"Must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up",
"Typically lose their aggression if they do not express it"
] | Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that people | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 2 |
[
"Moral values",
"Previous experiences with aggression",
"Instinct to avoid aggression",
"Beliefs about other people's intentions"
] | According to the cognitive approach described in paragraphs 7 and 8, all of the following may influence the decision whether to act aggressively EXCEPT a person's | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 2 |
[
"Mistrust",
"Misinterpret",
"Criticize",
"Resent"
] | The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to | When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people.
The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus... | 1438.txt | 1 |
[
"unaffected by",
"hurt by",
"unlikely to be seen by",
"unknown by"
] | In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to" are used to mean _ . | Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. N... | 55.txt | 0 |
[
"unrealistic",
"traditional",
"concerned",
"hysterical"
] | The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as _ . | Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. N... | 55.txt | 2 |
[
"Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.",
"Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.",
"Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.",
"Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done."
] | Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? | Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. N... | 55.txt | 2 |
[
"is against the law",
"can make some people irritable",
"is a nuisance",
"in a ganger to people's health"
] | The author condemns noise essentially because it _ . | Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. N... | 55.txt | 3 |
[
"unimportant",
"impossible.",
"a waste of money",
"essential"
] | The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be _ . | Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America's most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. N... | 55.txt | 3 |
[
"Its excessive use of air-conditioning.",
"Its advanced computerized civilization.",
"Its public's retreating into self-pursuit.",
"Its greatest contribution to human civilization."
] | According to this selection, which of the following constitutes the unique character of U.S. | The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for g... | 2613.txt | 0 |
[
"the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate",
"the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life",
"the active life style of all its users",
"the decreased human production and power"
] | According to the author, the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is _ . | The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for g... | 2613.txt | 1 |
[
"has little effect on its users",
"has more effect on body than on mind",
"brings more benefits than damage to its users",
"does harm as well as good to its users"
] | The tone of this selection reveals that air-conditioning _ . | The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for g... | 2613.txt | 2 |
[
"Medical experts.",
"Manufacturers.",
"Factory laborers.",
"Consumers."
] | Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author? | The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for g... | 2613.txt | 3 |
[
"Neutral",
"Objective",
"Critical",
"Compromising"
] | What is the author's overall attitude towards air-conditioning? | The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for g... | 2613.txt | 2 |
[
"They had to work from early morning till late at night.",
"They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.",
"Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.",
"Their life was much more comfortable than that of today."
] | What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe? | In agrarian ( ), pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle... | 2253.txt | 2 |
[
"It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.",
"It brought family members closer to each other.",
"It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.",
"It enabled families to save a lot of money."
] | What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together? | In agrarian ( ), pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle... | 2253.txt | 1 |
[
"Evolutionary adaptation.",
"Changes in lifestyle.",
"Social progress.",
"Pace of life."
] | What does "cultural metabolism" (Line 1, Para. 3) refer to? | In agrarian ( ), pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle... | 2253.txt | 3 |
[
"Its quality is usually guaranteed.",
"It is varied, abundant and nutritious.",
"It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.",
"Its production depends too much on technology."
] | What does the author think of the food people eat today? | In agrarian ( ), pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle... | 2253.txt | 1 |
[
"They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.",
"They ate a big dinner late in the evening.",
"They ate three meals regularly every day.",
"They were expert at cooking meals."
] | What does the author say about Italians of the old days? | In agrarian ( ), pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."
This comfortable cycle... | 2253.txt | 0 |
[
"hold water",
"take the place of wine bottle",
"hold wine",
"empty bottles"
] | The villagers borrowed a huge barrel in order to_ . | Some villagers were going to celebrate an important wine festival in a few days'time，So they borrowed a huge barrel from the nearest town，put it in the village square, and decided that each of them should empty a bottle of the best wine he had into it，so that there should be plenty at the feast .
One of the villagers t... | 1869.txt | 2 |
[
"in the village square",
"in the nearest town",
"around the barrel",
"in their houses"
] | From the passage we know that the feast would be held_ . | Some villagers were going to celebrate an important wine festival in a few days'time，So they borrowed a huge barrel from the nearest town，put it in the village square, and decided that each of them should empty a bottle of the best wine he had into it，so that there should be plenty at the feast .
One of the villagers t... | 1869.txt | 0 |
[
"the water would be mixed up with the wine",
"the water couldn't：be found in the wine",
"the water would flow through the barrel into the ground",
"the water would be gone in the barrel"
] | The sentence"the water will be lost in it"can be considered as_ . | Some villagers were going to celebrate an important wine festival in a few days'time，So they borrowed a huge barrel from the nearest town，put it in the village square, and decided that each of them should empty a bottle of the best wine he had into it，so that there should be plenty at the feast .
One of the villagers t... | 1869.txt | 0 |
[
"all the wine had turned into water",
"everybody in the village had poured water into the barrel",
"someone had stolen the wine and put water into the barrel",
"not only the man but the other villagers were very clever"
] | What came out of the barrel was pure water because_ . | Some villagers were going to celebrate an important wine festival in a few days'time，So they borrowed a huge barrel from the nearest town，put it in the village square, and decided that each of them should empty a bottle of the best wine he had into it，so that there should be plenty at the feast .
One of the villagers t... | 1869.txt | 1 |
[
"apologizing.",
"negative.",
"feeling bad.",
"unsatisfactory."
] | The word "sorry" (Line 5, Paragraph 2) probably means _ | As dusk falls, kerosene stoves ignite in the poorer kitchens of Delhi. Sengeni, who lives on an alley wedged between the Nizamuddin railway tracks and a tributary known as ganda nallah (or dirty ditch), is looking forward to a dish of rice. He is entitled to a quota of 11 litres of cheap kerosene every fortnight, which... | 3666.txt | 1 |
[
"The subsidies mainly go to the state oil companies.",
"The subsidy policy is executed by companies that maintain low prices.",
"Diesel is subsidized through \"oil bonds\".",
"Half of the subsidized fuel is sold to the black market."
] | Which one of the following statements is TRUE of India's subsidies on fuel? | As dusk falls, kerosene stoves ignite in the poorer kitchens of Delhi. Sengeni, who lives on an alley wedged between the Nizamuddin railway tracks and a tributary known as ganda nallah (or dirty ditch), is looking forward to a dish of rice. He is entitled to a quota of 11 litres of cheap kerosene every fortnight, which... | 3666.txt | 2 |
[
"the costly subsidies.",
"the fixed kerosene price.",
"the price gap between the kerosene and diesel.",
"the rise in diesel price."
] | The dilemma for the government is caused by _ | As dusk falls, kerosene stoves ignite in the poorer kitchens of Delhi. Sengeni, who lives on an alley wedged between the Nizamuddin railway tracks and a tributary known as ganda nallah (or dirty ditch), is looking forward to a dish of rice. He is entitled to a quota of 11 litres of cheap kerosene every fortnight, which... | 3666.txt | 2 |
[
"it subsidizes kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) directly.",
"not all of the fuel is subsidized in India because the rich population does not need it.",
"it is facing a difficult dilemma whether to continue fuel subsidy or not.",
"it is too costly to subsidize all the fuel."
] | India's government is in no mood to play with fire because _ | As dusk falls, kerosene stoves ignite in the poorer kitchens of Delhi. Sengeni, who lives on an alley wedged between the Nizamuddin railway tracks and a tributary known as ganda nallah (or dirty ditch), is looking forward to a dish of rice. He is entitled to a quota of 11 litres of cheap kerosene every fortnight, which... | 3666.txt | 2 |
[
"supportive.",
"positive.",
"neutral.",
"negative."
] | Towards the fuel subsidization in India, the author's attitude can be said to be _ | As dusk falls, kerosene stoves ignite in the poorer kitchens of Delhi. Sengeni, who lives on an alley wedged between the Nizamuddin railway tracks and a tributary known as ganda nallah (or dirty ditch), is looking forward to a dish of rice. He is entitled to a quota of 11 litres of cheap kerosene every fortnight, which... | 3666.txt | 3 |
[
"function as China Bank",
"is the counterpart of People's Bank of China",
"is subjected to the banking community and government",
"has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market"
] | The Fed of the United States _ . | Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank ... | 1799.txt | 1 |
[
"doesn't mean the latter is in control",
"means the latter is in control",
"means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banks",
"means the Reserve banks orient the latter's policies"
] | The fact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks _ . | Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank ... | 1799.txt | 0 |
[
"The fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises many local banks.",
"All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.",
"Board of governors is the supreme policy-makers of America.",
"District Reserve banks rather than Board of governors perform the day-to-day ... | Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? | Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank ... | 1799.txt | 2 |
[
"has to be shared with other establishments.",
"is exclusive at other times",
"isn't limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDIC",
"is limited by Board of governors"
] | The authority of the federal Reserve _ . | Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank ... | 1799.txt | 1 |
[
"is borrowed from the U.S. treasury",
"is used by the government to make various policies",
"comes from the U.S. Treasury",
"is not granted by the government"
] | Income of the Board of governors _ . | Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank ... | 1799.txt | 3 |
[
"a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together",
"people tend to be together more than they used to be",
"a lot of people being together makes fights likely",
"Railway leads the world to peace"
] | All boys and girls in large families know that. | Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances ... | 1156.txt | 2 |
[
"the railway enables people travel fast",
"the railway brings comfort to people",
"the railway makes the world peaceful",
"the railway leads the world to war as well."
] | According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except. | Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances ... | 1156.txt | 3 |
[
"tunnels are dangerous to public health",
"the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves",
"the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs",
"to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die"
] | According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but. | Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances ... | 1156.txt | 3 |
[
"the author belongs to the anti-railway group",
"the author belongs to the for-railway group",
"the author speaks highly of the railway",
"the author may never take train because of its potential dangers"
] | We may safely conclude that. | Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances ... | 1156.txt | 0 |
[
"Practical",
"Satirical",
"Humorous",
"Exaggerated"
] | What is the tone of this passage? | Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances ... | 1156.txt | 2 |
[
"numerous.",
"regular.",
"very important.",
"very positive."
] | The word "momentous" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 2 |
[
"temperate regions of Asia.",
"southwestern Asia.",
"North America.",
"Europe."
] | Major climatic changes occurred by the end of the Ice Age in all of the following geographic areas EXCEPT | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 1 |
[
"warming at the end of the Ice Age.",
"shifts in mountain snow lines.",
"the movement of people from farms to villages.",
"a dramatic increase in the population."
] | The phrase "this remarkable change" in the passage (paragraph 1) refers to | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 3 |
[
"explored.",
"utilized.",
"inhabited.",
"improved."
] | The word "exploited" in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 1 |
[
"To give examples of objects obtained through trade with other societies.",
"To illustrate the kinds of objects that are preserved in a cool climate.",
"To provide evidence that the organization of work was specialized.",
"To give examples of the artistic ability of local populations."
] | Why does the author mention "seashells, stone bowls, and artifacts made of obsidian" in paragraph 2? | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 0 |
[
"primitive.",
"secure.",
"extended.",
"confined."
] | The word "cramped" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 3 |
[
"The settlement was inhabited by small groups of people from nearby areas.",
"Small bands of people migrated in and out of the settlement.",
"The location of the settlement made permanent development difficult.",
"The easy availability of food led to the growth of the settlement."
] | Paragraph 3 suggests which of the following about the settlement of Abu Hureyra? | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 3 |
[
"effects.",
"similarities.",
"changes.",
"exceptions."
] | The word "shifts" in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 2 |
[
"the inhabitants had cleared all the trees from the forests.",
"wild cereal grasses took over pistachio and oak forests.",
"people wanted to explore new areas.",
"lack of rain caused food shortages."
] | Paragraph 4 suggests that the people of Abu Hureyra abandoned their long-established settlement because | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 3 |
[
"the domestication of animals.",
"the intensive hunting of gazelle.",
"the size of the settlement.",
"the design of the dwellings."
] | According to paragraph 5, after 7000 B.C. the settlement of Abu Hureyra differed from earlier settlements at that location in all of the following EXCEPT | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 1 |
[
"informally.",
"briefly.",
"suddenly.",
"surprisingly."
] | The word "abruptly" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to | The universal global warming at the end of the Ice Age had dramatic effects on temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America. Ice sheets retreated and sea levels rose. The climatic changes in southwestern Asia were more subtle, in that they involved shifts in mountain snow lines, rainfall patterns, and vegetatio... | 453.txt | 2 |
[
"she was tired of Indian tea",
"she had a son working in China.",
"she believed it had a curing effect",
"she was fond of Chinese products,"
] | Why did the mother ask for Chinese green tea? | When I was going home to India last year, I called up my mother to ask if she wanted anything from china,
When India had not opened up its markers to the world, I carried suitcase loads of dark glasses and jeans. Thankfully, we can get all these anywhere in India now,
Still ,her answer surprised me:"Green tea,"
As long... | 3502.txt | 2 |
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