context stringlengths 94 1.14k | question stringlengths 24 342 | answers listlengths 4 4 | label int64 0 3 | id_string stringlengths 7 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
A recent report on an environmental improvement program was criticized for focusing solely on pragmatic solutions to the large number of significant problems that plague the program instead of seriously trying to produce a coherent vision for the future of the program. In response the report' s authors granted that the... | The basic position taken by the report's authors on the criticism leveled against the report is that | [
"addressing the critics' concern now would be premature",
"the notion of a coherent vision would be inappropriate to a program of the sort at issue",
"giving the report a single focus is less desirable than the critics claim",
"the critics' motives are self-serving"
] | 0 | train_1700 |
Suffering from kidney failure and having fallen into a coma, Mr. Smith urgently required a kidney transplant. When Mr. Smith' s cousin volunteered to donate a kidney, Mr. Smith' s daughter had to decide whether to sign the consent form permitting the transplant. She knew that her father strongly objected to transplanta... | Mr. Smith's daughter's decision conforms to which one of the following principles? | [
"A patient's rights to self-determination impose an obligation on others to accede to the patient's preferences concerning treatment, even when those preferences can only be inferred from a general knowledge of the patient's commitments, beliefs, and desires.",
"A son or a daughter must do everything possible to ... | 0 | train_1701 |
<b> Several of a certain bank's top executives have recently been purchasing shares in their own bank. </b> This activity has occasioned some surprise, since it is widely believed that the bank, carrying a large number of bad loans, is on the brink of collapse. Since the executives are well placed to know the bank's tr... | In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? | [
"Each provides evidence to support the position that the argument seeks to establish.",
"The first describes the circumstance the explanation of which is the issue that the argument addresses; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.",
"The first provides evidence to defend the position that the a... | 1 | train_1702 |
Accountant: The newspaper industry habitually cites the rising cost of newsprint to explain falling profits. But when corrected for inflation, the cost of newsprint is no more than it was ten years ago. Far from being victims of high costs, newspapers have been benefiting from cheap newsprint for decades. The real thre... | The accountant's argument proceeds by | [
"criticizing a newly developed method by demonstrating that a conventional method shows better results",
"challenging an explanation that has been given for a phenomenon in order to introduce a different explanation",
"reinterpreting a popular analogy in order to use that analogy to support an alternative concl... | 1 | train_1703 |
Kate: The recent decline in numbers of the Tennessee warbler, a North American songbird that migrates each fall to coffee plantations in South America, is due to the elimination of the dense tree cover that formerly was a feature of most South American coffee plantations. Scott: The population of the spruce budworm, th... | Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls Scott's hypothesis into question? | [
"The spruce-budworm population has dropped because of a disease that can infect budworms but not Tennessee warblers.",
"Although many North American songbirds have declined in numbers, no other species has experienced as great a decline as has the Tennessee warbler.",
"The numbers of the Baltimore oriole, a son... | 2 | train_1704 |
In an experiment, volunteers walked individually through a dark, abandoned theater. Half of the volunteers had been told that the theater was haunted and the other half that it was under renovation. The first half reported significantly more unusual experiences than the second did. The researchers concluded that report... | Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the researchers' reasoning? | [
"The researchers did not believe that the theater was haunted.",
"None of the volunteers in the second half believed that the unusual experiences they reported were supernatural.",
"Each unusual experience reported by the volunteers had a cause that did not involve the supernatural.",
"All of the volunteers i... | 3 | train_1705 |
Columnist: Wildlife activists have proposed that the practice of stringing cable TV lines from the same poles that carry electric power lines should be banned because cable TV lines, while electrically neutral themselves, make it easier for animals to climb near electric power lines, risking electrocution. This particu... | Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the columnist's reasoning? | [
"It rejects an argument for a proposal merely on the grounds that the proposal would not completely eliminate the problem it is intended to address.",
"It rejects a proposal to address a problem merely on the grounds that other proposals to address the problem would also be effective.",
"It fails to consider th... | 0 | train_1706 |
Many parents rigorously organize their children' s activities during playtime, thinking that doing so will enhance their children' s cognitive development. But this belief is incorrect. To thoroughly structure a child' s playtime and expect this to produce a creative and resourceful child would be like expecting a good... | The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds? | [
"It fails to consider the possibility that something could enhance a child's overall cognitive development without enhancing the child's creativity and resourcefulness.",
"It takes for granted that if something is conducive to a certain goal it cannot also be conducive to some other goal.",
"It overlooks the po... | 0 | train_1707 |
The studies showing that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables may help decrease the incidence of some types of cancer do not distinguish between organically grown and nonorganically grown produce; they were conducted with produce at least some of which contained pesticide residues. The studies may also be tak... | The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to the pattern of flawed reasoning in the argument above? | [
"Research shows that there is no greater longterm health benefit associated with taking vitamin supplements than with a moderate increase in the intake of fruits and vegetables. Clearly, then, there is no long-term health risk associated with the failure to take vitamin supplements, so long as enough fruits and veg... | 3 | train_1708 |
In response to office workers' worries about the health risks associated with using video display terminals (VDTs), researchers asked office workers to estimate both the amount of time they had spent using VDTs and how often they had suffered headaches over the previous year. According to the survey, frequent VDT users... | Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the researchers' conclusion? | [
"Previous studies have shown that the glare from VDT screens causes some users to suffer eyestrain.",
"Few of the office workers surveyed participated in regular health programs during the year in question.",
"Office workers who experienced frequent headaches were more likely than other workers to overestimate ... | 2 | train_1709 |
Most people in the United States view neither big nor small business as particularly efficient or dynamic and regard both as providing consumers with fairly priced goods and services. However, most people consistently perceive small business as a force for good in society, whereas big business is perceived as socially ... | The statements above, if true, would provide the strongest support for which one of the following hypotheses? | [
"Most people in the United States give little thought to the value of business to society.",
"Even if people did not regard big business as providing consumers with value for their money, they would still regard it as socially responsible in times of general prosperity.",
"Many people in the United States regar... | 2 | train_1710 |
The traditional treatment of strep infections has been a seven-day course of antibiotics, either penicillin or erythromycin. However, since many patients stop taking those drugs within three days, reinfection is common in cases where those drugs are prescribed. A new antibiotic requires only a three-day course of treat... | Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? | [
"Regardless of whether they take a traditional antibiotic or the new one, most patients feel fully recovered after taking the drug for three days.",
"Some of the people who are allergic to penicillin are likely to be allergic to the new antibiotic.",
"Some physicians have already begun to prescribe the new anti... | 0 | train_1711 |
In Debbie' s magic act, a volunteer supposedly selects a card in a random fashion, looks at it without showing it to her, and replaces it in the deck. After several shuffles, Debbie cuts the deck and supposedly reveals the same selected card, A skeptic conducted three trials. In the first, Debbie was videotaped, and no... | Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the skeptic's reasoning? | [
"The skeptic failed to consider the possibility that Debbie requires both sleight of hand and a trick deck to achieve her effect.",
"The skeptic failed to consider the possibility that sleight of hand could also be detected by some means other than videotaping.",
"The skeptic failed to consider the possibility ... | 3 | train_1712 |
Some twentieth-century art is great art. All great art involves original ideas, and any art that is not influential cannot be great art. | Each of the following statements follows logically from the set of statements above EXCEPT: | [
"Only art that involves original ideas is influential.",
"Only art that is influential and involves original ideas is great art.",
"Some twentieth-century art involves original ideas.",
"Some influential art involves original ideas."
] | 0 | train_1713 |
Cool Games Corporation derives all of its revenues through the sales of video games. Last year, it fell just short of making a profit although it had strong revenues of $200 million worldwide, half from children and half from adults. This year, the company's sales to children rose 20% to $120 million, but its sales to ... | The analyst's conclusion is based on which of the following assumptions? | [
"Cool Game Corporation increased its marketing efforts to children this year.",
"The average sales of all video game companies decreased significantly this year.",
"Sales to adults are more profitable than sales to children.",
"The total cost and expenses of Cool Games Corporation did not decrease by more tha... | 3 | train_1714 |
Scientific and technological discoveries have considerable effects on the development of any society. It follows that predictions of the future condition of societies in which scientific and technological discovery is particularly frequent are particularly untrustworthy. | The argument depends on assuming which one of the following? | [
"It is not as difficult to predict scientific and technological discoveries in a technologically more advanced society as it is in a technologically less advanced society.",
"The development of a society requires scientific and technological discoveries.",
"Predictions of scientific and technological discoverie... | 3 | train_1715 |
To reduce the mosquito population in a resort area, hundreds of trees were planted that bear fruit attractive to birds. Over the years, as the trees matured, they attracted a variety of bird species and greatly increased the summer bird population in the area. As expected, the birds ate many mosquitoes. However, the pl... | Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the apparently paradoxical result? | [
"Most of the species of birds that were attracted by the trees that were planted did not eat mosquitoes.",
"Increases and decreases in mosquito populations tend to follow a cyclical pattern.",
"The species of birds that were attracted in the greatest number by the fruit of the trees that were planted did not ea... | 3 | train_1716 |
The members of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) are famed for their intense devotion to one another. The Marine motto "Semper Fidelis" (Latin, "Always Faithful") is taken to connote, among other things, the lifelong devotion a Marine has to his or her comrades in the corps. Psychologists who study cohesion among g... | Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the psychologists' position? | [
"Throughout their time in the Corps, whether during war or peace, Marines frequently engage in activities that reinforce the value of cooperation and camaraderie.",
"New recruits are far more likely to engage in independent behavior during the early stages of the USMC Recruit Training than during later stages.",
... | 1 | train_1717 |
Fish with teeth specialized for scraping algae occur in both Flower Lake and Blue Lake. Some biologists argue that because such specialized characteristics are rare, fish species that have them should be expected to be closely related. If they are closely related, then the algae-scraping specialization evolved only onc... | The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it | [
"takes a sufficient condition as a necessary one",
"appeals to the authority of biologists who may not be representative of all biologists with expertise in the relevant area",
"infers merely because something was likely to occur that it did occur",
"infers a cause merely from a correlation"
] | 0 | train_1718 |
A recent study reveals that television advertising does not significantly affect children' s preferences for breakfast cereals. The study compared two groups of children. One group had watched no television, and the other group had watched average amounts of television and its advertising. Both groups strongly preferre... | Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument? | [
"Cereal preferences of adults who watch television are known to be significantly different from the cereal preferences of adults who do not watch television.",
"Both groups rejected cereals low in sugar even when these cereals were heavily advertised on television.",
"The preference for sweets is not a universa... | 3 | train_1719 |
The druid stones discovered in Ireland are very, very old. But this particular druid stone was discovered in Scotland; hence, it must be of more recent vintage. | The argument is flawed because it | [
"allows a key term to shift in meaning from one use to the next",
"takes the fact that all members of a group have a certain property to constitute evidence that the members of the group are the only things with that property",
"takes for granted the very claim that it sets out to establish",
"takes the fact ... | 1 | train_1720 |
Technological innovation rarely serves the interests of society as a whole. This can be seen from the fact that those responsible for technological advances are almost without exception motivated by considerations of personal gain rather than societal benefit in that they strive to develop commercially viable technolog... | The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it | [
"contains a premise that cannot possibly be true",
"takes for granted that an action is unlikely to produce a certain outcome unless it is motivated by a desire to produce that outcome",
"takes for granted that technology beneficial to society as a whole cannot be commercially viable",
"fails to consider the ... | 1 | train_1721 |
To the editor: For generations, magnificent racehorses have been bred in our area. Our most valuable product, however, has been generations of children raised with the character that makes them winners in the contests of life. Gambling is wrong, and children raised in an atmosphere where the goal is to get something fo... | Which one of the following, if true, most weakens L. E. 's argument? | [
"Where voters have had the opportunity to vote on horse racing, they have consistently approved it.",
"Children whose parents gamble do not necessarily gamble when they become adults.",
"If good character is developed in children early, the children continue to have good character in different environments.",
... | 3 | train_1722 |
Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President' s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled project... | Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary's argument depends? | [
"Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.",
"The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President's party were not generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled ... | 2 | train_1723 |
Journalist: Recent studies have demonstrated that a regular smoker who has just smoked a cigarette will typically display significantly better short-term memory skills than a nonsmoker, whether or not the nonsmoker has also just smoked a cigarette for the purposes of the study. Moreover, the majority of those smokers w... | If the journalist's statements are true, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT: | [
"The short-term memory skills exhibited by a regular smoker who last smoked a cigarette five hours ago are typically superior to those exhibited by a regular smoker who has just smoked a cigarette.",
"The short-term memory skills exhibited by a nonsmoker who has just smoked a cigarette are typically superior to t... | 2 | train_1724 |
Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art -- that it represent -- abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are di... | Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether | [
"musicians may reject literal representation",
"abstract art is representational",
"makers of abstract art reject literal representation",
"abstract art will be seen as an aberration"
] | 1 | train_1725 |
Science writer: All scientists have beliefs and values that might slant their interpretations of the data from which they draw their conclusions. However, serious scientific papers are carefully reviewed by many other scientists before publication. These reviewers are likely to notice and object to biases that they do ... | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the science writer's argument? | [
"Biases that are present in published scientific papers and shared by most scientists, including those who review the papers, are unlikely to impair the scientific value of those papers.",
"The interpretation of data is the only part of a serious scientific paper that is sometimes slanted by the beliefs and value... | 3 | train_1726 |
Some residents of Midville claim that Midville is generally more expensive to live in than nearby towns are, but these people are mistaken. They focus on Midville' s relatively high tax rate while ignoring the services paid for by their taxes. Only Midville provides residents with trash removal, rent- and mortgage-assi... | Which one of the following is the main point of the argument? | [
"Some residents of Midville are unaware of many of the services that Midville provides.",
"Some of the residents of Midville consider their taxes to be too high.",
"Midville is generally no more expensive to live in than nearby towns are.",
"Services funded by a municipality are generally less expensive than ... | 2 | train_1727 |
The recently negotiated North American Free Trade Agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States is misnamed, because it would not result in truly free trade. Adam Smith, the economist who first articulated the principles of free trade held that any obstacle placed in the way of the free movement of goods, inves... | The argument proceeds by | [
"responding to a different issue from the one posed",
"using a term in two different senses",
"appealing to a relevant authority",
"citing a nonrepresentative instance"
] | 2 | train_1728 |
The cumbersome spears that were the principal weapons used by certain tribes in the early Bronze Age precluded widespread casualties during intertribal conflicts. But the comparatively high number of warrior tombs found in recent excavations of the same tribes' late Bronze Age settlements indicates that in the late Bro... | Which one of the following, if true, most supports the archaeologists' claim? | [
"Some tombs of warriors dating to the late Bronze Age contain armor and weapons that anthropologists believe were trophies taken from enemies in battle.",
"A royal tomb dating to the early Bronze Age contained pottery depicting battle scenes in which warriors use spears.",
"Scenes of violent warfare, painted in... | 3 | train_1729 |
Researcher: The rate of psychological problems is higher among children of divorced parents than among other children. But it would be a mistake to conclude that these problems are caused by the difficulty the children have adjusting to divorce. It is just as reasonable to infer that certain behaviors that increase the... | The assertion that children of divorced parents have a higher rate of psychological problems than other children figures in the argument in which one of the following ways? | [
"It is offered as evidence for the claim that certain behaviors are often responsible for divorce.",
"It is the claim that the argument tries to refute.",
"It is cited as an established finding for which the argument proposes an explanation.",
"It is the conclusion of the argument."
] | 2 | train_1730 |
Environmental activist groups, which clean up waste left on beaches, in parks, and along the side of the road, report that glass bottles make up an ever-increasing percentage of waste they remove. It is clear that attempts to decrease the amount of glass that people litter are failing. | Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? | [
"Although most glass bottles are recyclable if whole, many of the glass bottles removed by activist companies are shattered into pieces.",
"An increasing proportion of the paper, plastics, and metal cans that the groups used to remove is now being recycled.",
"Because litter poses a sanitary health risk to the ... | 1 | train_1731 |
During the month of May, crabs arrive on Delaware' s beaches to lay eggs. Certain shorebirds depend on these eggs for food during their annual spring migration to their northern breeding grounds. Delaware' s crab population has declined recently. This decline, however, poses no serious threat to the migrating shorebird... | Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? | [
"The decline in the number of crabs on Delaware's beaches is due to the harvesting of crabs by humans.",
"The crabs do not conceal their eggs.",
"No other food available to the birds on Delaware's beaches is as nutritious and accessible as are crab eggs.",
"The earlier in the season the shorebirds complete th... | 3 | train_1732 |
Shortly after Isaac Newton circulated some of his theories of light in 1672, his colleague Robert Hooke claimed that most of those theories were based on Hooke' s own work. A modern reader might interpret Newton' s famous comment, "if I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants, " as a conciliatory... | The statements in the passage, if true, most strongly support which one of the following? | [
"Newton did not believe that any of Hooke's theories of light were based on those of the ancient Greeks.",
"Newton did not intend the quoted comment to be an acknowledgment that his theories of light were largely derived from Hooke's.",
"Newton was not familiar with Hooke's work on the theory of light.",
"New... | 1 | train_1733 |
Commentator: A political constitution that provides the framework for the laws of a nation must be interpreted to apply to new situations not envisioned by its authors. Although these interpretations express the moral and political beliefs of the interpreters, they are usually portrayed as embodying the intentions of t... | Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the commentator's statements, if they are true? | [
"The perceived lack of a long legal tradition in a nation makes the political stability of that nation dependent upon the fiction that its present political leaders share the intentions of the authors of the constitution of that nation.",
"Political instability will ensue if people come to believe there is a dive... | 3 | train_1734 |
Poppy petals function to attract pollinating insects. The pollination of a poppy flower triggers the release into that flower of a substance that causes its petals to wilt within one or two days. If the flower is not pollinated, the substance will not be released and the petals will remain fresh for a week or longer, a... | The statement above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following? | [
"Pollinating insects are not attracted to wilted poppy flowers.",
"Poppy plants are unable to draw nutrients from soil or water after the substance that causes wilting has been released.",
"The pollen on pollinated poppy flowers prevents their petals from absorbing the nutrients carried to them by their stems."... | 3 | train_1735 |
Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms. even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation. The advantage of transnational cooperation is tha... | Which of the following is information provided by the passage above? | [
"Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.",
"Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it Is now among United States firms.",
"Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be w... | 1 | train_1736 |
Ecologist: Without the intervention of conservationists, squirrel monkeys will become extinct. But they will survive if large tracts of second-growth forest habitat are preserved for them. Squirrel monkeys flourish in second-growth forest because of the plentiful supply of their favorite insects and fruit. | Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the ecologist's statements? | [
"If conservationists intervene to help squirrel monkeys survive, then the squirrel monkeys will not become extinct.",
"At least some of the conservationists who intervene to help the squirrel monkeys survive will do so by preserving second-growth forest habitat for the monkeys.",
"Without the intervention of co... | 2 | train_1737 |
In each of the past five years, Barraland' s prison population has increased. Yet, according to official government statistics, for none of those years has there been either an increase in the number of criminal cases brought to trial, or an increase in the rate at which convictions have been obtained. Clearly, ttheref... | Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? | [
"The number of people in Barraland who feel that crime is on the increase is significantly greater now than it was five years ago.",
"Barraland has been supervising convicts on parole more closely in recent years, with the result that parole violations have become significantly less frequent.",
"Ten years ago, ... | 2 | train_1738 |
Jewel collectors, fearing that their eyes will be deceived by a counterfeit, will not buy a diamond unless the dealer guarantees that it is genuine. But why should a counterfeit give any less aesthetic pleasure when the naked eye cannot distinguish it from a real diamond? Both jewels should be deemed of equal value. | Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument above? | [
"The value of a jewel should depend at least partly on market demand.",
"Jewel collectors should not buy counterfeit jewels unless they are unable to distinguish counterfeit jewels from real ones.",
"The value of a jewel should derive solely from the aesthetic pleasure it provides.",
"It should not be assumed... | 2 | train_1739 |
Under the influence of today' s computer-oriented culture, publishing for children has taken on a flashy new look that emphasizes illustrations and graphic design; the resulting lack of substance leads to books that are short-lived items covering mainly trendy subjects. The changes also include more humorous content, s... | Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above? | [
"The substance of a children's book is important to its longevity.",
"The lack of substance of a children's book is unlikely to be important to its popularity.",
"Children judge books primarily on the basis of graphic design.",
"The inclusion of humorous material and a narrower focus detract from the substanc... | 0 | train_1740 |
Economist: Real wages in this country will increase significantly only if productivity increases notably. Thus, it is unlikely that real wages will increase significantly in the near future, since this country' s businesses are currently investing very little in new technology and this pattern is likely to continue for... | Which one of the following, if assumed about the economist's country, allows the economist's conclusion to be properly drawn? | [
"Productivity will not increase if businesses do not make a substantial investment in new technology.",
"The new technology in which businesses are currently investing is not contributing to an increase in productivity.",
"Neither real wages nor productivity have increased in the last several years.",
"Sooner... | 0 | train_1741 |
Office manager: I will not order recycled paper for this office. Our letters to clients must make a good impression, so we cannot print them on inferior paper. Stationery supplier: Recycled paper is not necessarily inferior. In fact, from the beginning, the finest paper has been made of recycled material. it was only i... | In which one of the following ways does the stationer's response fail to address the office manager's objection to recycled paper? | [
"It ignores the office manager's legitimate concern about quality.",
"It assumes that the office manager is concerned about environmental issues.",
"It does not recognize that the office manager's prejudice against recycled paper stems from ignorance.",
"It uses irrelevant facts to justify a claim about the q... | 3 | train_1742 |
Citizens of Parktown are worried by the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers. In response, the city government has instituted a series of measures designed to keep teenagers at home in the late evening. Even if the measures succeed in keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely t... | Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the argument? | [
"Any decrease in the need for police patrols in the late evening would not mean that there could be more intensive patrolling in the afternoon.",
"The schools in Parktown have introduced a number of after-school programs that will be available to teenagers until 6 p. m. on weekday afternoons.",
"The crimes comm... | 2 | train_1743 |
Police officer: Traffic on major highways has been sluggish due to increased cell phone use while driving. Cell phone use while driving causes drivers to drive under the speed limit and to cause other drivers to pass them on the road. Drivers argue that talking on cell phones is necessary to discuss plans and ask direc... | The police officer's argument proceeds by | [
"proposing an alternative method for drivers to discuss their plans and ask directions",
"producing a counterexample to a general assertion",
"appealing to the police officer's training on highway safety to discredit a commonly held view",
"pointing out a dissimilarity between drivers who talk on cell phones ... | 1 | train_1744 |
The axis of Earth' s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth' s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet' s climate is too extreme and unstable t... | If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them? | [
"Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle of either Earth's or Mars's axis.",
"If Earth's Moon were to leave Earth's orbit, Earth's climate would be unable to support life.",
"No planet that has more than one moon can support life.",
"Any planet wit... | 1 | train_1745 |
Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, <b> any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. </b>Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year's record pa... | In the argument given, the two portions in <b> boldface </b> play which of the following roles? | [
"The first is a generalization that the argument seeks to establish; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.",
"The first and the second each provide evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.",
"The first is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is... | 3 | train_1746 |
Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. <b> Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year's record pace <... | In the argument given, the two portions in <b> boldface </b> play which of the following roles? | [
"The first is a claim that the argument challenges; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.",
"The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against that main conclusion.",
"The first an... | 3 | train_1747 |
In a recent study of dust-mite allergy sufferers, one group slept on mite-proof bedding, while a control group slept on bedding that was not mite-proof. The group using mite-proof bedding had a 69 percent reduction in the dust-mite allergen in their mattresses, whereas there was no significant reduction in the control ... | Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent conflict in the statements above? | [
"The medical community does not fully understand how dust-mite allergens cause allergy.",
"Dust-mite allergens in bedding tend to irritate many allergy sufferers' nasal passages more than do the same allergens in other locations, such as carpets.",
"When people report their own allergy symptoms, they tend to ex... | 3 | train_1748 |
Editorialist: Additional restrictions should be placed on driver' s licenses of teenagers because teenagers lack basic driving skills. Even though drivers of age nineteen and younger make up only 7 percent of registered drivers, they are responsible for over 14 percent of traffic fatalities. | Each of the following, if true, weakens the argument that teenagers lack basic driving skills EXCEPT: | [
"Teenagers cause car accidents that are more serious than those caused by others.",
"Teenagers tend to drive older and less stable cars than other drivers.",
"Teenagers and their passengers are less likely to use seat belts and shoulder straps than others.",
"Teenagers are likely to drive with more passengers... | 0 | train_1749 |
Last year, pharmaceutical manufacturers significantly increased the amount of money they spent promoting new drugs, which they do mainly by sending sales representatives to visit physicians in their offices. However, two years ago there was an average of 640 such visits per representative, whereas last year that figure... | Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument? | [
"Most pharmaceutical companies did not increase the amount of money they spend promoting drugs through advertising targeted directly at consumers.",
"Most pharmaceutical manufacturers increased the size of their sales forces so that their sales representatives could devote more time to each physician.",
"The mo... | 1 | train_1750 |
Committee member: We should not vote to put at the top of the military' s chain of command an individual whose history of excessive drinking is such that that person would be barred from commanding a missile wing, a bomber squadron, or a contingent of fighter jets. Leadership must be established from the top down. | The committee member's argument conforms most closely to which one of the following principles? | [
"No one who would be barred from important jobs in an organization should lead that organization.",
"Whoever leads an organization must have served at every level in the organization.",
"No one who drinks excessively should hold a leadership position anywhere along the military's chain of command.",
"Whoever ... | 0 | train_1751 |
One might expect that within a particular species, any individuals that managed to slow down the aging process would leave more offspring. Natural selection should ttherefore favor extreme longevity-but this does not seem to be the case. A possible explanation is that aging is a product of the inevitable wear and tear ... | Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest explanation for the researchers' reaction? | [
"Organisms are capable of maintenance and self-repair and can remedy much of the damage that they accumulate.",
"Some organisms are capable of living much longer than other organisms.",
"Some organisms reproduce very quickly despite having short lifespans.",
"Some organisms generate much more wear and tear on... | 0 | train_1752 |
A factory spokesperson argued that the factory should not be required to clean up the water in the nearby wetlands, maintaining that although wastewater from the factory polluted the wetlands over the past several years, the factory is not to blame for this, since the disposal of the factory' s wastewater is handled en... | Which one of the following arguments most closely conforms to the principle underlying the reasoning in the spokesperson's argument? | [
"I object to the policy of making parents responsible for the offenses of their older adolescent children. After all, these adolescents have minds of their own and freely choose to act as they do, often in ways that do not reflect the wishes of their parents.",
"The students are justified in their objection to th... | 0 | train_1753 |
In 1963, a young macaque monkey was observed venturing into a hot spring to retrieve food which had fallen in. Soon, other macaques began to enter the spring, and over a few years this behavior was adopted by the entire troop. Prior to 1963, no macaques had ever been observed in the hot spring; by 1990, the troop was r... | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument above? | [
"The social behaviors of macaques are completely independent of their genetic heritage.",
"New patterns of behavior that emerge in macaque populations over the course of a few years or decades are not necessarily genetically predetermined.",
"Mutations in the genetic heritage of a certain variety of macaques ca... | 1 | train_1754 |
Over the last five years, every new major alternative-energy initiative that initially was promised government funding has since seen that funding severely curtailed. In no such case has the government come even close to providing the level of funds initially earmarked for these projects. Since large corporations have ... | Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the reasoning above? | [
"The funding initially earmarked for a government project is always subject to change, given the mechanisms by which the political process operates.",
"For the past two decades, most alternative- energy initiatives have received little or no government funding.",
"All large corporations have made it a point to ... | 3 | train_1755 |
Bernard: For which language, and thus which frequency distribution of letters and letter sequences, was the standard typewriter keyboard designed? Cora: To ask this question, you must be making a mistaken assumption: that typing speed was to be maximized. The real danger with early typewriters was that operators would ... | Which one of the following, if true, could be used by Cora to counter Bernard's rejection of her explanation? | [
"Typewriters and word-processing equipment are typically sold to people who have learned to use the standard keyboard and who, ttherefore, demand it in equipment they buy.",
"The standard keyboard allows skilled operators to achieve considerable typing speeds, though it makes acquiring such skills relatively diff... | 0 | train_1756 |
Ted, a senior employee, believes he is underpaid and attempts to compensate by routinely keeping short hours, though it is obvious to everyone that he still makes some valuable, unique, and perhaps irreplaceable contributions. Tatiana, Ted' s supervisor, is aware of the deficit in Ted' s performance, and realizes other... | Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify Tatiana's decision? | [
"Supervisors should request that an employee be replaced only if they know that all the work done by that employee can be performed equally well by another employee.",
"Workers in a work setting should regard themselves as jointly responsible for the work to be performed.",
"Only someone with greater authority ... | 0 | train_1757 |
An electric utility has determined that a new power plant is needed and has decided to build either a natural gas-fired plant or a waste-to-energy plant that would serve as both a trash incinerator and a power plant. Surprisingly, although the waste-to-energy plant would produce roughly three times as much air pollutio... | Which one of the following, if true, most helps to justify the environmentalists' position? | [
"In the area where the utility operates, both energy use and the volume of trash produced have increased substantially over the last several years.",
"The waste-to-energy plant would replace an existing trash incinerator that produces much more air pollution than the waste-to-energy plant would.",
"The vast maj... | 1 | train_1758 |
Patrick usually provides child care for six children. Parents leave their children at Patrick' s house in the morning and pick them up after work. At the end of each workweek, the parents pay Patrick at an hourly rate for the child care provided that week. The weekly income Patrick receives is usually adequate but not ... | Which of the following plans, if put into effect, has the best prospect of making Patrick's weekly income both uniform and adequate? | [
"Increase the hourly rate to a level that would provide adequate income even in a week when half of the children Patrick usually cares for are absent.",
"Hire a full-time helper and invest in facilities for providing child care to sick children.",
"Increase the number of hours made available for child care each... | 3 | train_1759 |
A tiny, tree-living thrips is the first species identified that can reproduce both by laying eggs and by bearing live young, although for any one instance of reproduction, a given female will use only one of the two methods. Interestingly, biologists have observed that all of the offspring of this insect that are hatch... | Which one of the following can be properly inferred about the species of thrips described in the passage? | [
"Any female of the species that can reproduce by laying eggs can also reproduce by bearing live young but not necessarily vice versa.",
"There are females that use only one of the two methods of reproduction over the course of their lives.",
"On average, across the species, more of the offspring are born by hat... | 2 | train_1760 |
A high percentage of injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) occurs in athletes. A sophisticated statistical analysis looked at the number of athletes who suffered an ACL injury, and assigned numerical values to both the nature of the stress that produced the injury and to the resultant level of damage to the ... | Which of the following most logically completes the argument? | [
"gymnasts are often given credit for inventing new positions or moves, while football players far more regularly follow the typical moves associated with their position.",
"high school and college football players who have a higher tendency to ACL injury are far less likely to advance to the NFL.",
"gymnasts ar... | 1 | train_1761 |
On the first day of trout season a team of biologists went with local trout anglers to the Macawber River. Each angler who caught at least 2 trout chose exactly 2 of these trout for the biologists to weigh. A total of 90 fish were weighed. The measurements show that at the beginning of this season the average trout in ... | The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it | [
"does not consider whether any fish other than trout were caught",
"fails to take into account measurements from the same time in previous seasons",
"makes a generalization from a sample that is unlikely to be representative",
"relies on evidence that is anecdotal rather than scientific"
] | 2 | train_1762 |
The ancient reptile Thrinaxodon, an ancestor of mammals, had skull features suggesting that it had sensory whiskers. If Thrinaxodon had whiskers, it clearly also had hair on other parts of its body, which would have served as insulation that regulated body temperature. Ttherefore, Thrinaxodon was probably warm-blooded,... | Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that if Thrinaxodon had whiskers, it clearly also had hair on other parts of its body, which would have served as insulation that regulated body temperature? | [
"It is a premise offered in support of the main conclusion drawn in the argument.",
"It is offered as an explanation of the phenomenon described by the argument's main conclusion, but it is not itself used to provide support for that conclusion.",
"It is a premise offered in support of the conclusion that insul... | 0 | train_1763 |
A physician who is too thorough in conducting a medical checkup is likely to subject the patient to the discomfort and expense of unnecessary tests. One who is not thorough enough is likely to miss some serious problem and ttherefore give the patient a false sense of security. It is difficult for physicians to judge ex... | Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument in the passage? | [
"Some serious diseases in their early stages have symptoms that physicians can readily detect, although patients are not aware of any problem.",
"Patients not medically trained are unable to judge for themselves what degree of thoroughness is appropriate for physicians in conducting medical checkups.",
"Many pe... | 0 | train_1764 |
Pundit: People complain about how ineffectual their legislative representatives are, but this apparent ineffectuality is simply the manifestation of compromises these representatives must make when they do what they were elected to do: compete for the government' s scarce funds. So, when people express dissatisfaction ... | The pundit's argument is flawed because it takes for granted that | [
"legislative compromise inevitably results in popular dissatisfaction with politicians",
"constituents would continue to be dissatisfied with the effectuality of their legislative representatives if constituents were aware of the cause of this apparent ineffectuality",
"only elected public servants tend to elic... | 3 | train_1765 |
Historian: The Land Party achieved its only national victory in Banestria in 1935. It received most of its support that year in rural and semirural areas, where the bulk of Banestria' s population lived at the time. The economic woes of the years surrounding that election hit agricultural and small business interests t... | Each of the following, if true, strengthens the historian's argument EXCEPT: | [
"Voters are more likely to vote for a political party that focuses on their problems.",
"In preceding elections the Land Party made no attempt to address the interests of economically distressed urban groups.",
"The greater the degree of economic distress someone is in, the more likely that person is to vote.",... | 1 | train_1766 |
Television host: While it' s true that the defendant presented a strong alibi and considerable exculpatory evidence and was quickly acquitted by the jury, I still believe that there must be good reason to think that the defendant is not completely innocent in the case. Otherwise, the prosecutor would not have brought c... | The reasoning in the television host's argument is flawed in that the argument | [
"presupposes as evidence the conclusion that it is trying to establish",
"confuses legal standards for guilt with moral standards for guilt",
"places undue reliance on the judgments of an authority figure",
"takes lack of evidence for a view as grounds for concluding that the view is false"
] | 2 | train_1767 |
Most opera singers who add demanding roles to their repertoires at a young age lose their voices early. It has been said that this is because their voices have not yet matured and hence lack the power for such roles. But young singers with great vocal power are the most likely to ruin their voices. The real problem is ... | Which one of the following does the information above most strongly support? | [
"Young opera singers without great vocal power are unlikely to ruin their voices by singing demanding roles.",
"Most young opera singers who sing demanding roles strain their vocal cords.",
"Only mature opera singers can sing demanding roles without undue strain on their vocal cords.",
"Some young opera singe... | 1 | train_1768 |
A company that manufactures plastic products from recyclable plastic is, surprisingly, unconcerned that economic conditions may worsen, despite analysts' belief that consumers would then consider ecofriendly plastic products an expensive luxury. But the company reasons that it will be able to lower its prices because, ... | Which of the following, if true, most weakens the company's reasoning? | [
"Retailers, including retailers that cater to consumers seeking certain types of ecofriendly products, may lose some business if economic conditions worsen.",
"Smaller ecofriendly plastic manufacturers are more likely to fail in a weakened economy than larger ecofriendly manufacturers are.",
"The plastics used ... | 3 | train_1769 |
Surveys consistently show that the best-selling ice cream flavor is vanilla, although those who prefer chocolate rarely order vanilla. Vanilla-flavored candy, then, probably sells better than chocolate-flavored candy. | Which of the following is an assumption upon which the author of the argument relies? | [
"Preferences for certain ice cream flavors are similar to preferences for candy flavors.",
"Because someone prefers vanilla ice cream does not mean he prefers vanilla-flavored candy.",
"Someone who prefers vanilla ice cream may still order chocolate on occasion.",
"Those who prefer neither vanilla nor chocola... | 0 | train_1770 |
Producer: It has been argued that, while the government should not censor television shows, the public should boycott the advertisers of shows that promote violence and erode our country' s values. But this would be censorship nonetheless, for if the public boycotted the advertisers, then they would cancel their advert... | The producer's conclusion is properly inferred if which one of the following is assumed? | [
"If there is neither government censorship nor boycotting of advertisers, there will be no restriction of the television shows that the public can watch.",
"Public boycotts could force some shows off the air even though the shows neither promote violence nor erode values.",
"For any television show that promote... | 3 | train_1771 |
Community organizer: Before last year' s community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confiden... | The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument | [
"defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome",
"confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome",
"takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year"... | 3 | train_1772 |
Fossil-fuel producers say that it would be prohibitively expensive to reduce levels of carbon dioxide emitted by the use of fossil fuels enough to halt global warming. This claim is probably false. Several years ago, the chemical industry said that finding an economical alternative to the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) des... | Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? | [
"There are ways of reducing carbon dioxide emissions that could halt global warming without hurting profits of fossil-fuel producers significantly more than phasing out CFCs hurt those of the chemical industry.",
"The use of CFCs never contributed as greatly to the destruction of the ozone layer as the carbon dio... | 0 | train_1773 |
Claude: Because of the relatively high number of middle-aged people in the workforce, there will be fewer opportunities for promotion into upper-management positions. Since this will decrease people' s incentive to work hard, economic productivity and the quality of life will diminish. Thelma: This glut of middle-aged ... | On the basis of their statements, Claude and Thelma are committed to agreeing about which one of the following? | [
"How hard a company's employees work is a function of what they think their chances for promotion are in that company.",
"The failure of many companies will not necessarily have a negative effect on overall economic productivity.",
"The quality of life in a society affects that society's economic productivity."... | 3 | train_1774 |
Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renown... | Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements? | [
"Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.",
"The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.",
"Any unrequested ... | 2 | train_1775 |
Bankruptcy is a process that depends on a variety of structural, fiscal, and human variables. These variables are different at every company. Ttherefore, the pattern of companies declaring bankruptcy should be random. Yet tax records from 2010 demonstrate a pattern: a large number of companies throughout the United Sta... | Which of the following, if true, forms the best basis for at least a partial explanation for the pattern of bankruptcy shown by the tax records? | [
"Certain financial problems affect only some types of businesses with particular sets of characteristics unique to their industry.",
"Many companies go bankrupt because the economies of the states in which they are located force them to go into gradual but increasing debt.",
"Patterns of bankruptcy emerge when ... | 2 | train_1776 |
Although Ackerburg's subway system is currently operating at a deficit, the transit authority will lower subway fares next year. The authority projects that the lower fares will result in a ten percent increase in the number of subway riders. Since the additional income from the larger ridership will more than offset t... | Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the transit authority's expectation of reducing the subway system's operating deficit? | [
"The subway system can accommodate a ten percent increase in ridership without increasing the number of trains it runs each day.",
"Next year, the transit authority will have to undertake several large-scale track maintenance projects.",
"The current subway fares in Ackerburg are higher than subway fares in oth... | 0 | train_1777 |
The notion that one might be justified in behaving irrationally in the service of a sufficiently worthy end is incoherent. For if such an action is justified, then one would be behaving rationally, not irrationally. | Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above? | [
"One cannot live the good life and be unhappy. If one's own neighbors see that one is unhappy, then they will see that one is not living the good life.",
"A representative of the law, such as a judge or a police officer, ought not to commit crimes. For if representatives of the law commit crimes, they will be ine... | 3 | train_1778 |
Linguist: Most people can tell whether a sequence of words in their own dialect is grammatical. Yet few people who can do so are able to specify the relevant grammatical rules. | Which one of the following best illustrates the principle underlying the linguist's statements? | [
"Some people are able to tell whether any given piece of music is a waltz. But the majority of these people cannot state the defining characteristics of a waltz.",
"Quite a few people know the rules of chess, but only a small number of them can play chess very well.",
"Engineers who apply the principles of phys... | 0 | train_1779 |
Columnist: Even if the primary purpose of university education is to make students employable, such education should emphasize the liberal arts rather than the more narrow kind of technical training that prepares one for a particular sort of job. This is because the reasoning skills one acquires from a liberal arts edu... | Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the columnist's argument? | [
"Having a general understanding of life is more important than possessing practical skills.",
"It is better for people to have good educations than good jobs.",
"Technical training does not help students acquire reasoning skills.",
"Having a series of different jobs is more interesting than having only one jo... | 2 | train_1780 |
The common procedure for determining whether a food additive should be banned from use is to compare its health-related benefits with its potential risks. Yellow Dye No. 5, an additive used to color lemon soda, might cause allergic reactions in a few consumers. For most consumers of lemon soda, however, the coloring en... | A flaw in the argument is that the author | [
"ignores the possibility that some food additives are harmful to most people",
"implies that the dye entails no health-related risks",
"presumes that most consumers heed the warning labels on beverage containers",
"treats enjoyment of a beverage as a health-related benefit"
] | 3 | train_1781 |
Genevieve: Increasing costs have led commercial airlines to cut back on airplane maintenance. Also, reductions in public spending have led to air traffic control centers being underfunded and understaffed. For these and other reasons it is becoming quite unsafe to fly, and so one should avoid doing it. Harold: Your rea... | Which one of the following relies on a questionable technique most similar to that used in Harold's reply to Genevieve? | [
"Susan has been trying to persuade me to go rock climbing with her, claiming that it's quite safe, but last week she fell and broke her collarbone, so I don't believe her.",
"David says that the new film is not very good, but he has not seen it himself, so I don't accept his opinion.",
"Pat has shown me researc... | 2 | train_1782 |
Transportation expenses accounted for a large portion of the total dollar amount spent on trips for pleasure by residents of the United States in 1997, and about half of the total dollar amount spent on the transportation was airfare. However, the large majority of United States residents who took trips for pleasure in... | If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true about United States residents who took trips for pleasure in 1997? | [
"Most of those who traveled by airplane did so because the airfare to their destination was lower than the cost of other available means of transportation.",
"Per mile traveled, those who traveled by airplane tended to spend more on transportation to their destination than did those who used other means of transp... | 3 | train_1783 |
Geologists recently discovered marks that closely resemble worm tracks in a piece of sandstone. These marks were made more than half a billion years earlier than the earliest known traces of multicellular animal life. Ttherefore, the marks are probably the traces of geological processes rather than of worms. | Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument? | [
"At the place where the sandstone was found, the only geological processes that are likely to mark sandstone in ways that resemble worm tracks could not have occurred at the time the marks were made.",
"There were some early life forms other than worms that are known to have left marks that are hard to distinguis... | 0 | train_1784 |
Economist: Countries with an uneducated population are destined to be weak economically and politically, whereas those with an educated population have governments that display a serious financial commitment to public education. So any nation with a government that has made such a commitment will avoid economic and pol... | The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most similar to that in the economist's argument? | [
"Animal species with a very narrow diet will have more difficulty surviving if the climate suddenly changes, but a species with a broader diet will not; for changes in the climate can remove the traditional food supply.",
"People who dislike exercise are unlikely to lose weight without sharply curtailing their fo... | 2 | train_1785 |
Some flowering plant species, entirely dependent on bees for pollination, lure their pollinators with abundant nectar and pollen, which are the only source of food for bees. Often the pollinating species is so highly adapted that it can feed from -- and thus pollinate -- only a single species of plant. Similarly, some ... | The information above, if true, most strongly supports which one of the following? | [
"Some bees are able to gather pollen and nectar from any species of plant.",
"The blossoms of most species of flowering plants attract some species of bees and do not attract others.",
"The total destruction of the habitat of some plant species could cause some bee species to become extinct.",
"If the sole po... | 2 | train_1786 |
Naima: The proposed new computer system, once we fully implemented it, would operate more smoothly and efficiently than the current system. So we should devote the resources necessary to accomplish the conversion as soon as possible. Nakai: We should keep the current system for as long as we can. The cost in time and m... | Naima and Nakai disagree with each other over whether | [
"the current computer system does not work well enough to do what it is supposed to do",
"the conversion to a new computer system should be delayed",
"it is essential to have the best computer system available",
"the predicted benefits of the new computer system will be realized"
] | 1 | train_1787 |
Robin: When a region' s economy is faltering, many people lose their jobs. As a result, spending on consumer goods declines, leading in turn to more lost jobs and a worsening of the economy. Eventually, the economy becomes so bad that prices collapse; the lower prices encourage people to increase spending on consumer g... | Which one of the following, if true, most undermines Terry's objection to Robin's analysis? | [
"Even people who do not lose their jobs spend less in bad economic times and thus have savings available to spend when prices collapse.",
"People who have lost their jobs must continue to buy some basic goods such as food, even during bad economic times.",
"The prices of some consumer goods remain stable, even ... | 0 | train_1788 |
Eating turmeric, a spice commonly found in curries, probably helps prevent Alzheimer' s disease. More turmeric is consumed per capita in India than in the rest of the world, and the incidence of Alzheimer' s disease is much lower there than it is worldwide. Furthermore, Alzheimer' s disease is characterized by the buil... | if true, most strengthens the argument? | [
"The parts of India that have the highest per capita rates of cuny consumption have the lowest incidence of Alzheimer's disease.",
"None of the other compounds found in turmeric have been studied to see whether they affect the accumulation of amyloid proteins.",
"The proportion of people living in India who fal... | 0 | train_1789 |
Criticism that the press panders to public sentiment neglects to consider that the press is a profit-making institution. Like other private enterprises, it has to make money to survive. If the press were not profit-making, who would support it? The only alternative is subsidy and, with it, outside control. It is easy t... | It can be properly inferred from the passage that if the press is | [
"not to be subsidized, it cannot be a profit-making institution",
"to produce honest journalism, it must be a profit-making institution",
"not subsidized, it will not produce propaganda",
"to make a profit, it must produce honest journalism"
] | 1 | train_1790 |
Under a new clean air proposal, the government has decided to tighten controls on the release of certain toxic chemicals, including benzene, formaldehyde, and other carcinogens, by chemical plants. The stated purpose of this proposal is to reduce cancers caused by air pollution. Yet, the chemical industry, rather than ... | The author is arguing that __. | [
"no chemical companies can be trusted to follow the clean air proposal",
"to ensure effective implementation, the government should always monitor the execution of its proposals",
"allowing self-monitoring for the new clean air proposal will result in the opposite of its intended consequence",
"benzene and fo... | 2 | train_1791 |
A salesperson who makes a sale does not change the desires of the customer. Rather, the salesperson finds out what these desires are and then convinces the customer that a particular product will satisfy them. Persuading people to vote for a politician to whom they are initially indifferent is not significantly differe... | Which one of the following most logically completes the argument? | [
"convince the voter that the policies favored by the politician in question are preferable to those favored by the voter",
"persuade the voter that voting for the politician in question is the best way to get these policies adopted",
"disguise any difference between the policies the politician supports and the ... | 1 | train_1792 |
As a construction material, bamboo is as strong as steel and sturdier than concrete. Moreover, in tropical areas bamboo is a much less expensive construction material than either steel or concrete and is always readily available. In tropical areas, ttherefore, building with bamboo makes better economic sense than build... | Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain exception noted above? | [
"Bamboo is unsuitable as a building material for multistory buildings.",
"In order to protect it from being damaged by termites and beetles, bamboo must be soaked, at some expense, in a preservative.",
"Bamboo growing in an area where land values are increasing is often cleared to make way for construction.",
... | 0 | train_1793 |
Several people came down with an illness caused by a type of bacteria in seafood. Health officials traced the history of each person who became ill to the same restaurant and date. Careful testing showed that most people who ate seafood at the restaurant on that date had not come in contact with the bacteria in questio... | Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy indicated above? | [
"All and only those who ate contaminated seafood at the restaurant on that date were allergic to the monosodium glutamate in a sauce that they used.",
"Those made ill by the bacteria had all been served by a waiter who subsequently became ill.",
"All and only those who ate a particular seafood dish at the resta... | 2 | train_1794 |
Technology is radically improving the quality of life in some communities, and not only by direct application of innovations. After all, the design, production, testing, and marketing of new technology has itself become a growing industry that is turning around the fortunes of once-ailing communities. The companies inv... | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn by the argument as a whole? | [
"The direct application of innovations is not the only way in which technology is radically improving the quality of life in some communities.",
"The only ways in which technology is radically improving the quality of life in some communities are by creating jobs, adding to the tax base, and contributing to an up... | 0 | train_1795 |
Individual pyrrole molecules readily join together into larger molecules called polypyrroles. If polypyrroles form from pyrrole in the presence of zeolites, they do so by attaching to the zeolite either in lumps on the outer surface of the zeolite or in delicate chains within the zeolite' s inner channels. When zeolite... | If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them be true? | [
"Little, if any, of the pyrrole in which the zeolite was submerged reached the zeolite's inner channels.",
"None of the pyrrole in which the zeolite was submerged attached itself to the zeolite.",
"Lumps of polypyrrole attached to the zeolite were responsible for its color change.",
"At least some of the pyrr... | 3 | train_1796 |
Once a child' s imagination becomes developed, a host of imaginary creatures may torment the child. But this newly developed cognitive capacity may also be used to render these creatures harmless. For instance, a child' s new toy may be imagined as an ally, powerful enough to ward off any imaginary threats. | The type of situation described above most closely conforms to which one of the following propositions? | [
"Some newly developed capacities only give rise to problems.",
"The most effective way for children to address their fears is to acknowledge them.",
"Most problems associated with child-rearing can be solved with a little imagination.",
"Sometimes the cause of a problem may also provide its solution."
] | 3 | train_1797 |
Members of large-animal species must consume enormous amounts of food to survive. When climatic conditions in their environment deteriorate, such animals are often unable to find enough food. This fact helps make large-animal species more vulnerable to extinction than small-animal species, which can maintain greater po... | The statements above, if true, most support which one of the following? | [
"When conditions deteriorate in a given environment, no small-animal species will become extinct unless some large-animal species also becomes extinct.",
"The vulnerability of an animal species to extinction depends at least in part on how much food individuals of that species must consume to survive.",
"Whenev... | 1 | train_1798 |
In the aftermath of the Cold War, international relations between Cold War allies became more difficult. Leaders of previously allied nations were required to conduct tactful economic negotiations in order not to arouse tensions that had previously been overlooked. | The situation described above conforms most closely to which one of the following propositions? | [
"International economic competition is a greater cause of tension than is international military competition.",
"Bonds between allies are stronger when they derive from fear of a common enemy than when they derive from common economic goals.",
"Economic matters are considered unimportant during periods of actua... | 3 | train_1799 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.