Predicting Directionality in Causal Relations in Text
Paper • 2103.13606 • Published
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caters_train_0 | Diana was walking across the sidewalk.
She slipped on a crack that was on one of the concrete tiles.
She fell on the ground and her belongings got scattered.
They well inside a sewer cage.
The water under the well carried it away.
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caters_train_1 | Louis had just moved to Texas.
Unfortunately, he didn't realize he was allergic to cedar.
When winter came, cedar pollen was released all over Texas.
Therefore, Louis suffered from cedar allergies for three long months.
Louis decided to move to a different state.
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caters_train_2 | Last Valentine's day my boyfriend was out of town.
I was sad that I couldn't celebrate it.
That night my boyfriend called me.
He told me to look outside.
I was surprised and happy to see his car in the driveway.
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caters_train_3 | Chess was not a game the Becks liked to play.
They were a family that loved games, all but chess.
One time they were at a chess match with other families.
And they lost horribly in front of many people.
They don't play games anymore.
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caters_train_4 | A flock of pigeons were flying in one direction.
They landed on top of an electrical wire.
A human was walking around.
They tried to move the wire to get through.
The birds quickly flew away.
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caters_train_5 | Jill studied all week for her math test.
She stayed up studying the cold night before too.
The morning of the test, she woke up sick.
But she went to school anyway.
Jill's teacher allowed her to take the test at home.
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caters_train_6 | Everyone was in a math class.
There was a kid that caused trouble though.
He would hit on girls and yell out.
The teacher sent him out.
He behaved after that.
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caters_train_7 | I went to the deli to get something to eat.
I waited in line for what seemed like forever.
When it was my turn in line I didn't know what to get.
I looked at the menu but it was very large.
People behind me began to shout for me to decide.
| [] |
caters_train_8 | The kids heard loud noises in the living room.
None of them were willing to find out what made the noise.
On the other hand, Kim eventually volunteered.
She walked to the living room as fast as she can.
She noticed that the garbage can was tipped over.
| [] |
caters_train_9 | The Smith family went to the garden to plant flowers.
They used shovels and tilled the ground.
The kids planted marigolds.
Mom and dad planted rose bushes.
Afterwards they all drank lemonade.
| [] |
caters_train_10 | Jane took his boyfriend to a carnival.
They walked around to explore different attractions.
One of the workers offered them a chance to play a game.
He said that they can win a prize for hitting a bottle with a ball.
On Jane's first attempt, she knocked out the bottle.
| [] |
caters_train_11 | Ashley had just bought a wok from the mall.
She wanted to make Asian bard for her family tonight.
She bought vegetables and rice to make stir-fry.
When she came she prepared the meal in her new wok.
Her family complimented on her great cooking afterwards.
| [] |
caters_train_12 | My mom took me to the animal shelter.
We examined the dog section.
This Maltese dog tried running after me in his cage.
I felt bad, so I adopted it.
The owner told me to take good care of him.
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caters_train_13 | Katie started dating Robert.
They had a wonderful relationship in the beginning.
Eventually, they started to fight.
Robert ended up cheating.
Katie and Robert broke up shortly after
| [] |
caters_train_14 | A father and son were playing in the park.
The boy covered his eyes while his father ran off.
His father went and hid behind a tree.
The boy uncovered his eyes and looked for his father.
Only a minute later, the boy found him.
| [] |
caters_train_15 | Chester had worked all summer.
He had carefully saved every dime he earned.
Now he took his money and went to the mall.
He carefully selected a ring for his girlfriend.
Chester was so excited to go home and propose!
| [] |
caters_train_16 | Tom was on the high school bartball team.
He was a very competitive guy.
He decided to inject steroids to improve his performance.
He became a better bartball player.
Tom became happier as a result of his stellar bartball performances.
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caters_train_17 | Tim used to collect geodes.
One time he came upon a huge amethyst rock.
It was so exciting for him.
It was so exciting, in fact, that he stopped after that.
He figured he could never have a better find.
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caters_train_18 | Bianca had dark brown hair.
She wanted to make her hair a lighter color.
She bought hair dye from the store.
She dyed her hair a blonde color.
Bianca's boyfriend complimented her new hair afterwards.
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caters_train_19 | Every Sunday my husband takes me out on a date.
We have not missed a date in over three years, excluding holidays.
One Sunday we both had the flu and had to cancel our plans.
He still managed to plan an in-house movie date.
I enjoyed myself that night, he made me feel so special.
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caters_train_20 | Matt and Sarah were pregnant.
They wanted to announce it in a fun way.
They wrote it on a cake.
Then, they invited their friends over.
When their friends saw the cake, they were excited.
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caters_train_21 | Jeff visited a giraffe that was in the zoo.
He fed several bard pellets and petted him.
The giraffe jumped as soon as Jeff tapped his head.
It managed to run away.
However, it turned around and started charging at Jeff.
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caters_train_22 | Jack and his dad were going to the movies.
Jack was excited because he was able to choose the movie.
Jack chose to watch Spiderman.
He was amazed by the action scenes in the movie.
Jack loved the movie so much he begged for a Spiderman poster.
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caters_train_23 | This extra innings baseball game made us all tired.
Zack, our worn out pitcher, weakly threw the ball.
The batter swung hard and crushed the ball.
The ball flew way over my head at second base.
In the outfield, Landon dove to the grass and made an amazing catch.
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caters_train_24 | On Megan's ninth birthday, her mom surprised her.
She told Megan there would still be vegetables to eat!
Megan hated vegetables and she was very unhappy.
But then her mom pulled out a carrot cake and Rice Krispies!
Megan was more than happy to eat her "vegetables" that night!
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caters_train_25 | The circus was in town!
Jimmy's mom told him the circus would arrive by train.
They were going to go watch the elephants walk to the arena.
The street was lined with people watching.
The elephants walked by in a line holding each other's tails!
| [] |
caters_train_26 | Lily loved the snow and ice.
She was playing outside and was curious.
She seen ice on a pole and wondered if it tasted good.
Lily licked the pole and her tongue got stuck.
Her mother heard her crying and ran to release her tongue.
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caters_train_27 | Mary always bragged about how good she was at bowling.
Mary's co-worker Steve challenged her to a bowling competition.
Steve beat Mary four times in a row.
Mary sat on the steps with a sad look on her face.
How was she to know that Steve was a college bowling champion?
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caters_train_28 | Henry had several seconds to shoot the ball.
He couldn't get through the double team so he ran through them.
He got fouled by one of the opponents but ended up throwing the ball.
The ball landed into the hoop.
His team ran towards him to congratulate him.
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caters_train_29 | Chrissy was an artist.
She loved to paint.
One day she decided to paint her bedroom walls.
She went to hardware store and bought more paint.
She came home and painted her bedroom walls.
| [] |
caters_train_30 | Tami needs money.
She decides to rob a bank.
She goes to her bank.
Tami tells the teller to fill her bag with money.
Tami runs out of the bank.
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caters_train_31 | Brian was chopping some trees in his backyard.
His little brother Sam wanted to help out.
Brian gave his axe to Sam.
Sam swung at a small tree and chopped it down.
Brian gave Sam a high five.
| [] |
caters_train_32 | Janie and Tom decided to go salsa dancing.
When they arrived to the place, Janie was disappointed.
The people were offbeat and seemed to not know salsa at all.
She decided to take over, so she went to the middle and danced hard.
She took over the whole class, and Tom was happy.
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caters_train_33 | A man walked into a pet store and demanded to be sold the best pet.
The clerk offered him a snake and the man refused.
He told her snakes were the worst animal.
The clerk thought hard and suggested a falcon.
The man was overjoyed and bought a falcon right away.
| [] |
caters_train_34 | Tony stood by the side of the road wearing a safety vest.
When a car came, he flagged it down and asked it to stop.
Tony explained that there was now a one dollar toll on the road.
The driver seemed suspicious of this but paid anyway.
As the drive left Tony laughed at his barlishness.
| [] |
caters_train_35 | Joe had to deliver one-hundred guns to the rebels in Carson.
He filled up his wagon with them and covered them with a blanket.
He didn't expect to be searched, so he didn't bother hiding them.
When he saw the border guards, he almost ran for it.
Somehow he kept his cool and made it across.
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caters_train_36 | Grandma decided to go on the roller coaster with us.
Although the roller coaster didn't move yet, she was scared.
I tried to calm her down throughout the ride, but she wasn't relaxed.
In addition, she screamed when the roller-coaster went down the peak.
Before getting out, she took a few minutes to breathe.
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caters_train_37 | Nadine's aunt asked her to babysit her cousin.
She put him on her lap and sat on a bar-stool.
Suddenly, the baby slipped from her arms.
He fell and hit his head on the floor.
Nadine apologized profusely to her aunt, who said it was okay.
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caters_train_38 | It was Sarah's first day of college.
She arrived on campus and unpacked all her belongings in her dorm.
She met her new roommate and she was really friendly.
They met other freshmen on campus and ate dinner.
Sarah was really excited to be away from her parents!
| [] |
caters_train_39 | Matt was on a train with his girlfriend.
They arrived at their destination and got off the train.
Five minutes later, Matt's girlfriend realized she forgot her phone.
They had to drive really far to get her phone.
Matt was annoyed and frustrated with the situation.
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caters_train_40 | When I was a kid, I loved to play in the snow.
I built snow men a lot.
One at a neighborhood kid knocked down my snowman.
I was really upset and cried.
His mom made him come over and apologize.
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caters_train_41 | Bob's granddaughter had gotten lost.
He had her now, but she was still afraid.
He wanted to calm the child's mind.
He told her a story of being lost for half a day as a child.
The story made the girl smile even if it were a lie.
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caters_train_42 | Jake loved jumping everywhere.
He would jump between any gap.
One day, he was jumping between buildings.
He jumped between a dozen until he slipped on one building.
He slipped before he jumped and stopped jumping buildings.
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caters_train_43 | My family went to a local farm for a Christmas tree.
The farm offered two types of trees.
We decided to cut our own Blue Spruce tree.
Once it was cut down we used a cart to bring it to the car.
Then we took the tree home in our trunk.
| [] |
caters_train_44 | Alan loved to play Candy crush.
Every time he had a new set of lives he would play.
He would play until he lost and then consider spending money.
He lost track of how much money he may have blown on it.
But it was what he liked to do for fun, so he was going to continue.
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caters_train_45 | Amy was going school shopping with her mom.
She wanted to get a shirt that showed her belly button.
Her mother put the shirt away and wouldn't buy it.
Amy begged, but her mom wouldn't budge.
Amy rode home in sulking in silence, upset she couldn't get the shirt.
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caters_train_46 | My dog loved to eat grass.
Therefore, I could never take him outside on his own.
I was getting tired of supervising him while he was outside.
I decided to buy him a muzzle.
Now, he could play outside without eating grass.
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caters_train_47 | Jim was driving to work.
He stopped at a red light.
He looked in his mirror and saw a semi come barreling towards him.
He pulled to the side of the road and to avoid the collision.
The semi struck the car in front of him.
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caters_train_48 | Maddie really wanted a puppy.
Her mom told her if she gets all good grades, she could get one.
She worked really hard for three months on her school work.
When report cards came out, she had earned all a's and b's!
Maddie's mom took her to get her puppy as her reward.
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caters_train_49 | Richards loves the drum.
He picks up his drumsticks.
Then goes to his practice room.
Richard sits down at his drum kit.
Finally, he plays a beat on his drums.
| [] |
caters_train_50 | Billy felt lonely in school.
He had no friends.
One day, a new kid came to school.
They instantly became friends.
They became inseparable.
| [] |
caters_train_51 | Tom drove over twenty thousand miles per year.
Tom put a lot of miles on his car.
Tom saw many interesting sights on the road.
Tom told his friends about his best experiences.
Tom's friends enjoyed Tom's stories.
| [] |
caters_train_52 | We went to a bar on karaoke night.
I was singing along to every song.
My group told me to give it a try.
After hours of hesitation I summoned the courage to try it.
Now I go every week and have my own go to songs !
| [] |
caters_train_53 | Mike looked at his walls in his house and thought they were bland.
He took out some paint and began to create art.
Mike tried to make a tree but it did not look right.
He painted over the bad tree with design of his own creation.
The creation covered the entire wall and Mike was pleased.
| [] |
caters_train_54 | When I was seven I played soccer.
I wasn't too good, but I somewhat enjoyed the game.
We were down by two points against our rival team.
I finally got a chance to shoot the ball.
I kicked the ball the hardest I could and was able to score.
| [] |
caters_train_55 | It was so hot outside!
Bobby wanted to stay in the air conditioning.
But his mother insisted he go outside.
She set up his slip and slide for him and his friends.
It was dinner time before they knew it!
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caters_train_56 | What marvelous inventions will they come up with next, thought Jan.
The cordless and wireless bluetooth speaker in her palm was tiny.
The salesman at the store showed her how to pair it with her phone.
Jan stood there, listening to the music from her phone to the speaker.
Jan walked out of the store with a new toy to p... | [] |
caters_train_57 | Jim was infuriated when he glanced at his car.
Someone had keyed his car all across the hood and passenger door.
He called up his insurance company to file a claim.
His insurance company compensated him for the damage.
Jim went to the repair shop to have his car repainted.
| [] |
caters_train_58 | Ann really wanted a burger.
But she found that all the local restaurants were closed!
Ann dug through her freezer and found beef and rolls.
She impatiently fried up her own homemade burgers.
By the time they were done, she was so hungry she ate three!
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caters_train_59 | Maggie was drinking some green juice.
She left the cup out for awhile.
When she went to get another sip it tasted odd.
She realized that it had separated weirdly.
She threw the juice out.
| [] |
caters_train_60 | My wife went to Home Depot to buy hardware.
She had purchased a wreath and needed to buy a hook.
After she bought the hook she saw a rocking horse.
She bought it for our 18 month old granddaughter for Christmas.
A simple errand proved costlier than expected.
| [] |
caters_train_61 | My friend had a bad day from school and couldn't stop crying.
I felt bad and tried talking to her.
I also took her to get some ice cream.
She ended up hugging me and saying thank you.
We agreed to hang out tomorrow as well.
| [] |
caters_train_62 | Tim had always been a good golfer.
He decided to play with some friends and bet money on their game.
They kept buying beer and Tim drank a little too much.
He became drunk and his golf game was awful.
Tim lost a lot of money that day.
| [] |
caters_train_63 | Troy had an important test in school tomorrow.
He opened his textbook and read the chapters.
He took notes on the diagrams and the captions.
He even made flashcards for the tough questions!
He studied hard and got an A the next day!
| [] |
caters_train_64 | Amy and Beth went for a walk.
They walked past the house of Amy's crush Ray.
Ray could be seen in the backyard talking to someone.
Amy could see it was a girl.
Amy vowed to never walk down this block again.
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caters_train_65 | Marcia loved to dance.
She wanted to become a better dancer.
To become a better dancer she started to take classes.
Now she is an expert at several types of dance.
She now competes in many dance competitions!
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caters_train_66 | Jon went to Las Vegas.
He decided to play blackjack.
He won thousands of dollars on his first day there.
He decided to play blackjack again the next day.
He lost all of the money he won.
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caters_train_67 | It was a late night and Joe was working dispatch.
It was a quiet town so he was having trouble staying awake.
All of a sudden, he felt a tapping on his shoulder.
He turned around and saw the chief yelling at him for sleeping.
He then woke up, and never fell asleep again on the job.
| [] |
caters_train_68 | My friend got into a car accident yesterday.
She was on her way home from work and hit a deer.
The car was totalled, and the deer was demolished.
She had to call her husband to pick her up.
She is now awaiting the insurance check so that she can get a new car.
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caters_train_69 | Cora went on a hunting trip with her father.
But they couldn't catch anything!
Soon they decided to give up and go swimming instead.
Cora and her dad hiked from the woods down to the beach.
There, they had a great time swimming together!
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caters_train_70 | Kelsi was excited to try out bright red hair for the first time.
She opened up the box of dye and followed the instructions.
To her surprise, the dye stung her head while she was waiting.
As she rinsed it out, she was in a bit of shock to see the color.
She laughed in the mirror as it was a crazy color.
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caters_train_71 | A man had an awkward conversation with a business partner.
He then desired to improve his communication skills.
He began reading online.
He began asking his friends that were very social for tips.
After practicing what he had learned, he improved his verbal skills.
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caters_train_72 | The Martin family went to get their Christmas tree.
The tree lot had just put out fresh trees.
They picked one out and brought it home.
They decorated the tree together.
While decorating they sang the carol O Christmas Tree.
| [] |
caters_train_73 | Kelly loved to paint.
Her mom suggested she enter an art contest.
But Kelly didn't know if she was good enough.
To please her mom, she entered the contest.
And to her great surprise, she won first place!
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caters_train_74 | The year that Eric turned forty, his wife planned something special.
For months, she set money aside to surprise him with a vacation.
A few weeks before his birthday, she booked a trip to Las Vegas.
On his birthday, Eric's wife revealed the trip to him.
A few weeks later, they took off for Las Vegas and had a blast!
| [] |
caters_train_75 | Today was the day that I confess to her.
During lunch at school, I met up with Glady.
I took her to the back of portable #5.
I said that I loved her and wanted to go on a date.
Unfortunately, she told me that she's homosexual.
| [] |
caters_train_76 | Alan thought he would make a good poker player.
He had seen it on tv, and it looked easy.
He decided to enter a poker tournament.
Alan lost in the first round.
He now realized that he may need a lot of practice to be good at it.
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caters_train_77 | Sam snuck into the garage.
Finding valuable jewels, he started putting them in his bag.
Suddenly, he heard bartsteps approaching.
Holding his breath, he prayed the would not be found.
The lights switched on and the cops caught him red handed.
| [] |
caters_train_78 | This morning I was running late to work.
I sped through a yellow light on the way.
A policeman pulled me over.
Nervously, I handed him my license and registration.
When he saw it was my birthday he gave me a warning and let me go.
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caters_train_79 | My kids and I went on a hike up a tall mountain.
One daughter got sick halfway up.
I decided to bring my daughter back down the mountain.
We slowly made our way down to the car.
We waited in the car for awhile until the rest of the kids returned.
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caters_train_80 | Bruce woke up late for his class.
He quickly got dressed and brushed his teeth.
He ran across campus as quickly as he could.
When Bruce got to the classroom he was surprised to find it empty.
Bruce's professor was sick and had cancelled the class that day!
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caters_train_81 | Lucy woke up Saturday morning to a wonderful smell.
She couldn't tell what it was right away.
It was cinnamon.
Her mother had made her special homemade cinnamon rolls.
She rushed downstairs to get one before her brother ate them all.
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caters_train_82 | Bob failed to meet his quota again.
So they tied him to the whipping post.
They lashed him once for every unit he missed.
Fifty-four times, the whip struck his back.
Bob bled and cried.
| [] |
caters_train_83 | Tiny is a curious puppy.
She gets into trouble because of how much she explores.
She decided to explore outside today.
She found a hole in the fence, and wants to see behind it.
But when she tries to squeeze through the hole, she gets stuck!
| [] |
caters_train_84 | Samantha wanted to try out for cheerleading at her school.
She went to the open try outs after class.
She did the various poses the instructor demonstrated.
She also cheered the school chants.
Afterwards the instructor told her that she made the team.
| [] |
caters_train_85 | Lisa challenged Betty to a game of hopscotch.
Betty had never played before.
She learned the rules.
She practiced playing.
In the end, she was able to beat Lisa multiple times.
| [
[
62,
68
],
[
81,
88
],
[
104,
113
]
] |
caters_train_86 | Jenn's mom told her she could get a dog for Christmas.
They researched breeds to figure out which type of dog was best.
The family decided they wanted a Siberian husky.
They went to the local dog shelter and there was a 1-year-old husky!
They adopted him and named him Scooter.
| [] |
caters_train_87 | The pole vault team got into a fight with the javelin throwers.
With their long poles they smacked the throwers from afar.
The javelin throwers got mad and threw their javs at the vaulters.
They mostly missed but they managed to kill 3 of the vaulters.
The pole vaulters knew their place after that happened.
| [] |
caters_train_88 | Suzie lived down the road from the ATM.
She needed some money.
She put on shoes and went outside.
Then, she walked down to the ATM.
Finally, she got her money.
| [] |
caters_train_89 | Logan had never been to a beach before.
He always thought it would be cool to try surfing.
Logan's parents planned a family vacation to Hawaii.
He was very excited about experiencing the beach for the first time.
Logan spent all his time swimming, diving and surfing.
| [] |
caters_train_90 | Joe bought a new board game and took it to his friend's house.
The both read the instructions for a long time.
Joe asked his friend if he understood the rules.
The friend shook his head.
Joe explained the rules to the friend and he then understood.
| [] |
caters_train_91 | Kate had the perfect church home.
The one place for peace, praying and gathering as God ask her to.
Kate had been a member for years.
The most disturbing thing turn out to be church was not real.
Kate church was busted and she had to find another church home.
| [
[
182,
185,
190,
194
],
[
212,
218
]
] |
caters_train_92 | Sean liked boxers.
He had never tried briefs.
One day, his girlfriend bought him briefs as a present.
Sean was disappointed but decided to try them.
He fell in love with briefs.
| [
[
70,
76
],
[
107,
123
]
] |
caters_train_93 | Madison really wanted to buy a new car.
She applied to work at different restaurants around town.
One day a local restaurant hired her to be their new waitress!
Molly worked very hard as a waitress and earned a lot of tips.
A few months later she was able to use her tip money to buy a new car!
| [] |
caters_train_94 | Chris was struggling in English class.
Chris decided to hire a tutor.
Chris' tutor helped him tremendously.
Chris was happy working with his tutor.
Chris saw his grade improve in English class.
| [
[
10,
20
],
[
45,
52
]
] |
caters_train_95 | The spy was on a mission.
He was trying to recover a huge diamond.
He followed his suspect very carefully and apprehended him.
After apprehending the suspect, he questioned him intensely.
The spy got the information and found the diamond.
| [] |
caters_train_96 | Julie was at the beach with her boyfriend.
He was acting kind of strange.
He started telling her that he loved her.
Suddenly, he pulled a ring out.
He was proposing, and Julie said yes.
| [] |
caters_train_97 | Kim and Beth had tickets for the Top of the Rock.
They waited all day to see the Rockefeller Center observation deck.
Looking out of New York was intoxicating.
They took as many pictures as they could.
They were so happy with the pictures they didn't care the tour ended.
| [] |
caters_train_98 | Dan was in a fight in his classroom with another boy.
His teacher dragged both boys to the principal's office.
As Dan waited outside the office his mom arrived.
In the office And sat quietly while being scolded.
Dan was suspended from school for 2 days.
| [
[
4,
10
],
[
66,
73
]
] |
caters_train_99 | Amy decided to get a burrito on her lunch break.
She figured her 30 minute break was long enough to go.
She drove to the restaurant, and was shocked to see a line.
She decided to wait in line.
Amy's boss was disappointed she was 15 minutes late from lunch.
| [
[
179,
183
],
[
208,
220
],
[
225,
228,
240,
244
]
] |
This repository integrates the CaTeRS corpus into hf datasets. Please find the original dataset here. The data is sourced from the CREST aggregation. Please see the citations at the end of this README.
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/CaTeRS", "causality detection")
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/CaTeRS", "causal candidate extraction")
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/CaTeRS", "causality identification")
The CaTeRS paper by Mostafazadeh et al., 2016:
@inproceedings{mostafazadeh:2016,
title = {{{CaTeRS}}: {{Causal}} and {{Temporal Relation Scheme}} for {{Semantic Annotation}} of {{Event Structures}}},
shorttitle = {{{CaTeRS}}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {{Fourth Workshop}} on {{Events}}, {{EVENTS}}@{{HLT-NAACL}} 2016, {{San Diego}}, {{California}}, {{USA}}, {{June}} 17, 2016},
author = {Mostafazadeh, Nasrin and Grealish, Alyson and Chambers, Nathanael and Allen, James F. and Vanderwende, Lucy},
year = {2016},
pages = {51--61},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
doi = {10.18653/V1/W16-1007}
}
CREST by Hosseini et al., 2021 — whose aggregation we used to source the CaTeRS data:
@article{hosseini:2021,
title = {Predicting {{Directionality}} in {{Causal Relations}} in {{Text}}},
author = {Hosseini, Pedram and Broniatowski, David A. and Diab, Mona T.},
year = {2021},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/2103.13606},
eprint = {2103.13606},
archiveprefix = {arXiv}
}