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politicause_train_0 | £36 billion will be invested in the health and care system over the next three years, to ensure it has the long term resource it needs. | [
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politicause_train_1 | Your support ranging from direct financial contribution to the provision of vaccines, equipment, medical and other operational equipment, and supplies has enabled my government to protect our people thus far from COVID-19. | [
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politicause_train_2 | You must have both doses to get the maximum protection against all the variants and even after the jabs you need to practise ‘hands, face, space, fresh air’ to help keep everyone safe. | [
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politicause_train_3 | Yet, the strong bonds of solidarity between nations have enabled us to overcome great challenges. | [
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politicause_train_4 | Yet, as the Secretary-General’s report notes, while much progress has been achieved, if we continue at the present pace, the targets may not be reached by 2030. | [
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politicause_train_5 | Yet they died so that I could live today in a democracy. | [
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politicause_train_6 | Yet our vision as African States is that all those epidemics should be eliminated so that we can focus on our development goals. | [
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politicause_train_7 | Yet in the light of the tremendous impact of the crisis, Africa needs additional financing of at least $252 billion by 2025 to mitigate the fallout and launch its economic recovery. | [
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politicause_train_8 | Yet for years, many in the international community have tried to appease these absurd Palestinian demands and, as a result, they have wasted time trying to advance an illusion that will not happen instead of working for a realistic solution that could happen. | [
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politicause_train_9 | Yes, humanitarian assistance is necessary and needed to save lives, but tents and food alone will not be enough. | [
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politicause_train_10 | Worryingly, these numbers are likely to continue to get worse before we see the benefits of our efforts to protect the NHS, which will mean more pressure for our health service than ever before. | [
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politicause_train_11 | Without equitable access for all, we risk further variants developing which could undermine or undo our progress. | [
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politicause_train_12 | Within those countries, the pandemic has upended growth, worsened unemployment and weakened health and education systems. | [
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politicause_train_13 | Within the framework of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process we have made progress with its activation, which was established through our own deliberations and is now referred to as the accelerated DDR. | [
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politicause_train_14 | With up to a third of individuals with coronavirus showing no symptoms, increased community testing will help identify those who are infected and infectious, but asymptomatic and unaware that they might be spreading the disease, so that they can isolate and protect others. | [
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politicause_train_15 | With the support of the United States of America and international coalition forces, they seek to impose a new reality that serves the agendas of the United States and Israel in the region, prolonging the terrorist war against Syria. | [
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politicause_train_16 | With the reforms initiated by the Secretary-General, the United Nations will become more effective and enable action on all 17 Sustainable Development Goals. | [
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politicause_train_17 | With the launch of our national development plan for the period 2018-2021, which seeks to consolidate our recent democratic gains as well as revive and transform our economy for solid growth, job creation and peace consolidation, we have managed to stabilize the economy and institute fiscal discipline through better ma... | [
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politicause_train_18 | With the health crisis, cyberattacks against civilian infrastructure have multiplied in flagrant violation of the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law. | [
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politicause_train_19 | With the UN playing a key role, I anticipate greater international cooperation take place in pursuit of building back better and greener. | [
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politicause_train_20 | With that in mind, we took the decision to build new local schools across the country, continue recruiting and training teachers, provide students with textbooks and tablets and continue the school-canteen programme for vulnerable schools to ensure good school retention rates. | [
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politicause_train_21 | With respect to Syria, we hope that the agreement reached between the Government and the representatives of the opposition to establish a constitutional committee will produce results and bring an end to a war that has caused terrible suffering for the civilian population, particularly children and women. | [
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politicause_train_22 | With regard to trade, for instance, the use of unilateral measures and countermeasures — often based on real concerns, but also often based on false pretexts — helps no one and drags us into a cycle that is dangerous to the entire international community. | [
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politicause_train_23 | With regard to the fight against poverty, the Guinean Government has established national agencies for financing local authorities and social inclusion, which are facilitating a better distribution of wealth, particularly through the allocation of 15 per cent of mining revenues to local authorities and direct cash tran... | [
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politicause_train_24 | With regard to Afghanistan, we must learn to work together in the new context, especially with neighbouring countries, in order to address the humanitarian crisis and prevent further destabilization in the region. | [
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politicause_train_25 | With our presence on the ground, we were able to stop the massacres and ethnic cleansing atrocities committed by the Kurdistan Workers’ Party terrorist organization’s extensions in Syria. | [
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politicause_train_26 | With most of the country already under extreme measures, it is clear that we need to do more, together, to bring this new variant under control while our vaccines are rolled out. | [
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politicause_train_27 | With just 2 vaccine doses, protection against severe disease drops to around 70% after 3 months and to 50% after 6 months. | [
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politicause_train_28 | With every disaster comes a crisis of conscience in the international community that results in pledges and promises, few of which are fulfilled. | [
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politicause_train_29 | With a view to better utilizing social media to promoting a culture of peace, non-violence and tolerance among youth, in April in Ulaanbaatar, my Ministry organized a unique forum called the Peacebook Forum, in collaboration with Facebook. | [
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politicause_train_30 | With COVID-19 cases currently at record levels, we must continue with precautionary measures to help prevent the spread of the virus. | [
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politicause_train_31 | Will we apply and strengthen the core tenets of the international system, including the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as we seek to shape the emergence of new technologies and deter new threats? | [
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politicause_train_32 | While we welcome climbers from around the world, we expect climbers’ cooperation in returning with their garbage from the high mountains so as to maintain their sanctity. | [
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145,
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politicause_train_33 | While we have taken the first steps to protecting our people, we cannot achieve full vaccination and effectively protect our country without the support of the international community and equitable access. | [
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politicause_train_34 | While vaccines remain the most important first line of defence, antivirals target the virus at an early stage, preventing progression to more severe, or even critical, symptoms. | [
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110,
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politicause_train_35 | While there is potential for increased local production, our efforts are hampered by the adverse impact of climate change, including sea-level rise, typhoons, droughts and other stress on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. | [
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politicause_train_36 | While the previous tiers slowed the spread of the virus, they were never quite enough to cut the R below 1 and keep it there, so areas did not escape whatever level they were placed in. | [
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politicause_train_37 | While the pandemic has affected almost all aspects of our lives, it has also provided us with opportunities to learn, adapt and do things better. | [
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politicause_train_38 | While the government has made good long-term progress in reducing smoking rates to their lowest ever level, there are an estimated 6 million smokers in England and smoking is still one of the largest drivers of health disparities. | [
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politicause_train_39 | While the booster program is protecting many of our friends and relatives, there are still people out there who had not yet taken up their offer of a booster. | [
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politicause_train_40 | While technologies have made the world more connected, we can also witness the ways in which they can be misused to spread xenophobia or hateful rhetoric. | [
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politicause_train_41 | While such advances in science and technology as artificial intelligence are progressing rapidly, with countless potential benefits to society, the international community must recognize and respond to the risks and threats posed by the incorporation of these new and emerging technologies into weapons and weapons syste... | [
[
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politicause_train_42 | While some countries have more resources than others to cope with post-disaster reconstruction, if we continue along this path, we will reach a point of no return, where no one will be able to escape the consequences of environmental degradation. | [
[
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[
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] |
politicause_train_43 | While science has given us a breathing space through vaccines, several contagious and more lethal variants of the disease including the delta variant are causing new waves of infection in many countries around the world. | [
[
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politicause_train_44 | While mitigation efforts to help to reduce transmission and mortality remain crucial, the long-term solution must be vaccines that are accessible to all. | [
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politicause_train_45 | While looking towards 2030 and with the determination to achieve our common goals, there are some more immediate challenges that we must overcome in order to succeed. | [
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politicause_train_46 | While infections may be rising rapidly across the country, you can protect yourself, your friends, family and community by getting boosted now – like 28 million others across the UK so far. | [
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politicause_train_47 | While in some regions of the world climate change has resulted in floods, forest fires and rising sea levels, in other regions, such as the Sahel region, it has resulted in extreme weather events, including recurrent droughts, the degradation of agricultural land — for example, the Niger loses 100,000 hectares per year... | [
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politicause_train_48 | Where individuals are identified as being a possible or probable case of Omicron, their close contacts will be contacted and advised they are required to isolate for 10 days, regardless of whether they have been vaccinated or received a negative COVID-19 test result. | [
[
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politicause_train_49 | When we take action early and stand united, we save lives. | [
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politicause_train_50 | When the parties involved in the Korean war stand together and proclaim an end to the war, I believe we can make irreversible progress in denuclearization and usher in an era of complete peace. | [
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politicause_train_51 | When meeting people inside, open windows and doors to ventilate the room. | [
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politicause_train_52 | When it began, tourism our biggest economic driver ground to a halt, causing significant unemployment and underemployment. | [
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politicause_train_53 | When a developing country launches the world’s biggest digital-identification programme for its citizens, giving them a biometric identity that ensures their rights and saves approximately $20 billion by reducing corruption, the modern systems that result from that programme give the world new hope. | [
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politicause_train_54 | What is more, by helping local communities to understand and reduce disaster risk, Georgia is strengthening a culture of resilience that is a core value of democracy and self-government. | [
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politicause_train_55 | What is even more serious is that a large part of the funds provided to Argentina have been drained out of the country by an irresponsible liberalization of the capital account. | [
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politicause_train_56 | We’ve already seen tens of thousands of people aged between 12 and 17 booking in for their COVID-19 vaccines over half-term at a local vaccination site to get protection ahead of winter, with more children expected to come forward for vaccines at schools next week. | [
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politicause_train_57 | We’re proudly working closely with partners including the World Health Organization (WHO) to exchange scientific expertise and improve surveillance around the world. | [
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politicause_train_58 | We’re going to be throwing everything at it, in order to ensure that everyone eligible is offered that booster in just over two months. | [
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politicause_train_59 | We’re also increasing the number of visitors to care homes from one to two – to allow residents to see more of their loved ones. | [
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] |
politicause_train_60 | We would like to express our solidarity with the least developed countries and small island developing States, with whom we will continue to work jointly and in coordination to ensure that the special needs of all of us are duly addressed. | [
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] |
politicause_train_61 | We will work with all our partners to enhance the capacity of member states to address issues related to arms control and disarmament, by preventing the diversion of conventional arms to the illicit market. | [
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[
37,
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] |
politicause_train_62 | We will therefore continue to improve our conditions to create investment opportunities and diversify our socioeconomic development, specifically in the areas of education, health care, mortality reduction, child nutrition and job creation for youth. | [
[
17,
52
],
[
55,
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] |
politicause_train_63 | We will provide extra support to ensure that pupils entitled to free school meals will continue to receive them while schools are closed, and we’ll distribute more devices to support remote education. | [
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politicause_train_64 | We will not persist for a day longer than is necessary, but nor can we relax too soon, because if we do we run the risk of our NHS coming under still greater pressure, compelling us to re-impose every restriction and sustain those restrictions for longer. | [
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politicause_train_65 | We will never tire of repeating that the squandering of natural resources and the irrational capitalist patterns of production and consumption, which depredate the environment and cause the climate change that jeopardizes the existence of the human species should cease. | [
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politicause_train_66 | We will look to set out a further review for the UK’s international travel policy early in the new year to provide further certainty for the spring and summer 2022 seasons. | [
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[
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politicause_train_67 | We will ensure that all the conditions are in place for them to do their work fully and safely. | [
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] |
politicause_train_68 | We will endeavour to create, with the support of bilateral and multilateral partners, the appropriate conditions for the safe and dignified return of our people and to ensure their participation in the forthcoming elections. | [
[
7,
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politicause_train_69 | We will continue to support the call for removing the economic and financial embargo on it, which has caused untold suffering for Cuba’s citizens. | [
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[
108,
125
]
] |
politicause_train_70 | We will continue contributing to fragile and conflict-affected States with the goal of easing the plight of civilians in such places as the Central African Republic, Palestine, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen, and elsewhere. | [
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16,
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],
[
78,
83
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politicause_train_71 | We will add to the virtuous cycle of peace and development by increasing the amount of our official development assistance. | [
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[
7,
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] |
politicause_train_72 | We were unable, however, to move forward because of the corruption that prevailed. | [
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[
2,
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]
] |
politicause_train_73 | We went through a very difficult period that we overcame thanks to the sense of responsibility and collaboration of all Guineans, to whom I pay tribute. | [
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] |
politicause_train_74 | We welcomed approximately 433,000 Venezuelan citizens, who have benefited from a solidarity-based process of regularization, which will enable them to receive work and social security benefits. | [
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63,
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[
150,
192
]
] |
politicause_train_75 | We want to remind the world that hotspots of terrorism are always active and thrive on the continuation of this crisis, thereby threatening the Syrian people and my country, indeed the entire region. | [
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[
127,
198
]
] |
politicause_train_76 | We want the United Nations to be ready to lead in the twenty-first century, fully benefiting from the technological advances of humankind that have made it much easier for those who are not big and powerful — the majority of United Nations Member States — to follow and contribute to the Organization’s various bodies an... | [
[
101,
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[
147,
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politicause_train_77 | We want a strong Organization because it is the only global exchange platform that can help us meet the challenges ahead together. | [
[
40,
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[
2,
29
]
] |
politicause_train_78 | We used the Earth’s blessings, such as trees, water, animal and other natural resources, only in accordance with our own and our households’ needs, thereby saving resources for future generations. | [
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155,
195
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politicause_train_79 | We urge the super-Powers to begin such a dialogue in order to acknowledge their responsibility for the fate of the planet and carry out the civilizational mission conferred upon them. | [
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27,
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[
61,
182
]
] |
politicause_train_80 | We urge the United Nations to increase its collaboration and partnerships with those bodies and Governments in order to usher in a more peaceful subregion. | [
[
29,
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],
[
119,
154
]
] |
politicause_train_81 | We urge all the parties involved to ensure peace, security and stability so that the Afghan people can live in dignity and enjoy their fundamental rights and freedoms. | [
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]
] |
politicause_train_82 | We urge all parties to refrain from further violence and take any and all appropriate actions leading to a resolution of this humanitarian and political crisis. | [
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[
106,
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] |
politicause_train_83 | We urge all Yemeni national parties to unite their efforts with those of their legitimate Government in order to confront the Iranian-backed Houthi militias and all other terrorist groups, which threaten the security and stability of Yemen. | [
[
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[
112,
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] |
politicause_train_84 | We urge Member States to urgently step up funding to save lives and alleviate suffering. | [
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],
[
52,
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]
] |
politicause_train_85 | We therefore urge the United Nations to lend its full support to the initiatives launched by Africa to ensure that the continent improves the lives of its people and becomes the Africa we want. | [
[
102,
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],
[
12,
99
]
] |
politicause_train_86 | We therefore encourage peaceful dialogue in order to resolve such issues. | [
[
2,
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],
[
40,
72
]
] |
politicause_train_87 | We therefore decided to make a firm commitment to the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), thereby confirming the importance that we have attached to regional integration since day one of our Administration. | [
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96,
168
]
] |
politicause_train_88 | We therefore believe that the reforms of the United Nations and other international organizations, including the international financial institutions, should be carried out in an inclusive, open, transparent, predictable and democratic manner, with a view to addressing regional and global inequalities and challenges. | [
[
29,
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[
258,
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]
] |
politicause_train_89 | We therefore believe it essential that the international community act with resolve rather than simply make statements of condemnation, in order to force those actors to relinquish power to the countries’ legitimately established institutions. | [
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147,
242
]
] |
politicause_train_90 | We thank the nations that have recently committed to doubling their pledges and increasing contributions to the Green Climate Fund, as well as to making further resources available to small island developing States to help us adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. | [
[
145,
214
],
[
217,
277
]
] |
politicause_train_91 | We support the reforms proposed by the Secretary-General, including repositioning the United Nations development system, in order to appropriately address the challenges of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other international development frameworks. | [
[
14,
31
],
[
132,
276
]
] |
politicause_train_92 | We support the mutual recognition of vaccines that have been approved by national oversight bodies in order to promptly lift restrictions on international travel. | [
[
10,
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],
[
110,
161
]
] |
politicause_train_93 | We support the calls to strengthen the General Assembly and to reform the Security Council in order to make it more representative, more effective and more accountable to all Member States. | [
[
23,
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],
[
102,
167
]
] |
politicause_train_94 | We support the brotherly people of Cuba, who for so many years have suffered under the unjust economic blockade imposed by the arbitrary will of one State. | [
[
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],
[
67,
76
]
] |
politicause_train_95 | We successfully managed the pandemic by adhering to the instructions provided by our health-care professionals. | [
[
39,
110
],
[
2,
36
]
] |
politicause_train_96 | We stress the importance of continuing to exert efforts to restart the negotiations within a set time frame in order to achieve a just and comprehensive peace according to the terms of reference of the peace process, resolutions of international legitimacy and the Arab Peace Initiative, with a view to ending the Israel... | [
[
2,
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[
107,
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]
] |
politicause_train_97 | We stand ready to contribute to efforts to restore trust and international law. | [
[
2,
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],
[
42,
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]
] |
politicause_train_98 | We speak out loudly against the threats and negative environmental effects posed by chemical weapons dumped at sea. | [
[
83,
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],
[
31,
74
]
] |
politicause_train_99 | We should avoid blame game and politicization of COVID-19 issue that may lead to political discourse. | [
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[
80,
100
]
] |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
This repository integrates PolitiCause into hf datasets. Please find the original dataset here. The original release only ships sentence-level causal/noncausal labels (
train.csv/val.csv/test.csv, used forcausality detectionhere) plus a SEPARATE multi-annotator span file (span_annotations.csv, 2-9 independent passes per sentence) that the source paper itself never reduces to one gold span set (it reports no extraction results). Thecausal candidate extraction/causality identificationconfigs here are therefore DERIVED, not verbatim: for each gold-causal sentence, one canonical cause/effect pair is picked via a documented reconciliation policy (prefer a balanced, non-empty Cause+Effect annotator pass, tie-broken by that annotator's own confidence; drop the sentence if no annotator pass qualifies at all). This drops ~9% of gold-causal sentences and loses an extra span on another ~9% of the kept ones — seeconversion_script.py's module docstring for the full policy and exact counts before relying on these two configs.
Usage
Causality Detection
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/PolitiCause", "causality detection")
Causal Candidate Extraction
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/PolitiCause", "causal candidate extraction")
Causality Identification
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/PolitiCause", "causality identification")
Citations
@inproceedings{corral:2024,
title = {{{PolitiCause}}: {{An Annotation Scheme}} and {{Corpus}} for {{Causality}} in {{Political Texts}}},
shorttitle = {{{PolitiCause}}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 {{Joint International Conference}} on {{Computational Linguistics}}, {{Language Resources}} and {{Evaluation}}, {{LREC}}/{{COLING}} 2024, 20-25 {{May}}, 2024, {{Torino}}, {{Italy}}},
author = {Corral, Paulina Garcia and B{\'e}chara, Hanna and Zhang, Ran and Jankin, Slava},
editor = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and Kan, Min-Yen and Hoste, V{\'e}ronique and Lenci, Alessandro and Sakti, Sakriani and Xue, Nianwen},
year = 2024,
pages = {12836--12845},
publisher = {{ELRA and ICCL}},
url = {https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.1124},
urldate = {2025-02-08}
}
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