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As the lake bottom is comprised of limestone, bedrock, chunk rock, and gravel, little if any aquatic vegetation (weeds) will be found in the lake when at normal (915 msl) or below normal pool. By far the dominant cover (fish holding habitat) found on Table Rock Lake is timber, the type of cover will vary but you will find the following in abundance throughout the lake.
CREATION OF TABLE ROCK Since its creation in 1959 Table Rock Lake has been considered one of the premier multi-species fisheries in our nation. Here are a few facts about Table Rock Lake. Table Rock Lake was formed by damming the White River, it is a hydroelectric & flood-control Highland Reservoir/Impoundment not a lake, at normal pool (915 msl) its waters cover 43,100 acres with a shoreline of 745 miles, while at flood pool (931 msl) its waters cover 52,300 acres with a shoreline of 857 miles. Its maximum depth at normal pool is 220 feet & its waters are in both the state of Missouri & Arkansas with over 90% of its waters being in southwest Missouri & the balance being in northwest Arkansas. Table Rock Lake is fed by 3 major tributaries, Long Creek, the James River & the Kings River. Only 15% of the lakes shoreline has been developed, the Western or Upper Section of the lake is the more developed (busier / crowded) section with numerous facilities available, the Eastern or Lower Section of the lake is considered the quieter section with fewer recreational boaters, less traffic, & fewer facilities. Regardless of the type of facility you are looking for or are in need of they are available in either section of the lake but you will find them to be more numerous & closer together in the Western or Upper Section.
All are ready to make your vacation the best that it can be! | 2019-04-22T02:22:16 | https://www.bransonlodgingcenter.com/table-rock/ | [
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By holding onto a number of important principles, Nedato has been able to continuously grow within the industry and the key to this success is the bond between the potato and the grower.
Nedato mainly exports to the European Union and the Middle East. Annually, Nedato supplies 400,000 tons of potatoes to retail, hospitality, food service companies and wholesalers as well as packing and processing, with 250,000 tons going directly into the French fries industry.
Nedato’s offering is extensive as it exports a variety of different potatoes including white and red, potatoes with yellow flesh color, waxy or floury, unwashed, virtually free of soil or totally washed, large or small.
As for service and support, Gramsma says Nedato has a maintenance contract with TOMRA Sorting Food, so that an FPS expert stops by at regular intervals to optimize its processing lines.
Gramsma concludes: “In a world that has become smaller by digitalization, with increasingly stringent requirements for tracking, traceability, food safety and sustainability, we are constantly being required to become more and more flexible to meet the rapidly changing demands of consumers and industry. That’s why Nedato continues to stick to its principles. By remaining innovative, by continuing to respect nature and keeping the needs of the market translated to the grower. Time after time.” For more information, go to www.nedato.com. | 2019-04-18T11:06:16 | https://www.tomra.com/en-gb/sorting/food/case-studies/nedato | [
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Do you need more insight as to the research or interests of the CS Faculty, Lecturers and Visiting Faculty? Look no further than the Faculty Page.
Wondering what the CS Researchers are working on? Link to their page and find out!
People come and people go, but they always remain in our memory cache. Here's a way to reboot that memory and find out who the CS PhD Alumni are and when they graduated.
Need to find out who provides administrative support to a certain faculty? Here's a listing of the Faculty Administrative Support. | 2019-04-24T08:03:57 | https://www.cs.cornell.edu/people | [
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Buying insurance is a drag. Insurance products are complicated. The policies are hard to read and harder to understand. We feel the same way – and that’s why we do it differently.
We make the complicated simple. We take the time to listen and understand what’s unique about you and your business. What are your goals and your concerns? One broker that sees the big picture – and all the small details.
You’ve invested countless hours and more money than you can imagine into making your business a success. It’s your business. It depends on you and you depend on it. Depend on ISU to protect you from the unexpected.
Your workforce is your most critical asset. Employee benefits consistently ranks as a top factor in attracting and retaining talent. Let ISU help you create a benefit package that offers choice and flexibility in cost and coverage for employees of all ages.
When the uninsured motorist hits you, who will cover your medical bills and lost wages? When your house burns down, who will pay for your temporary accommodations while your home is rebuilt? When you want to sleep at night, rest assured ISU has you covered.
Since 1989, ISU Insurance Services of San Francisco has been delivering effective risk management solutions to its clients and continues to work hard to exceed expectations through consistently meeting our clients ever-changing needs. Let’s have a discussion about how ISU can best meet your insurance needs today. | 2019-04-19T18:16:34 | https://www.isusf.com/ | [
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Click on the by-law or policy you wish to read. These are in-effect current bylaws and policies.
By-laws were approved by a 2/3rd majority of members present at a General Members’ Meeting.
Approved by a simple majority of members present at a General Members’ Meeting, except Board approval only as noted.
For information on bylaw and policy revision in Woodsworth, see Bylaw Revisions.
By-laws have been approved by a 2/3 majority of members present at a General Members’ Meeting.
Policies have been approved by a simple majority of members present at a General Members’ Meeting, except those labeled as approved by the Board.
Click on the document you wish to read.
IF YOU PREFER to see the by-laws listed by number and policies in alphabetical order, i.e. our old page, please click on this link.
Woodsworth doesn’t yet have an environmental policy. One of the seven principles of co-operation is concern for community. While focusing on member needs, co-operatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies approved by their members.
The Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation produced a guide to healthy housing in 2010.
A model environmental sustainability policy from CHFC. | 2019-04-26T02:33:01 | https://www.woodsworthcoop.ca/index.php/tag/policies/ | [
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Using solar energy produces no air or water pollution and no greenhouse gases, but does have some indirect impacts on the environment. For example, there are some toxic materials and chemicals, and various solvents and alcohols that are used in the manufacturing process of photovoltaic cells (PV), which convert sunlight into electricity. Small amounts of these waste materials are produced.
In addition, large solar thermal power plants can harm desert ecosystems if not properly managed. Birds and insects can be killed if they fly into a concentrated beam of sunlight, such as that created by a "solar power tower." Some solar thermal systems use potentially hazardous fluids (to transfer heat) that require proper handling and disposal.
Concentrating solar systems may require water for regular cleaning of the concentrators and receivers and for cooling the turbine-generator. Using water from underground wells may affect the ecosystem in some arid locations. | 2019-04-18T20:54:57 | http://environment-ecology.com/energy-and-environment/99-solar-energy-and-the-environment.html | [
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MUSE was formed in 2011 in recognition that British Columbia’s families are ready for bilingual Mandarin and English education at the preschool, elementary and secondary levels, with an emphasis on contemporary values, cultural sharing and preparation for the post-secondary world.
As a registered independent, non-profit organization under the Society Act of the province of British Columbia, MUSE will provide these learning opportunities using a proven curriculum enhanced by optimal language acquisition strategies and a learner-centred approach.
To foster a cohesive, prosperous society that cultivates the benefits of cultural diversity and understanding through high quality multilingual educational programs, and support networks focussed on the sharing of related educational resources.
To develop and provide provincially-recognized and extra-curricular bilingual educational programs in Mandarin and English, to enable dual language fluency and cultural competence among preschool to Grade 12 children of all linguistic backgrounds and ethnicities.
We will implement a world class, locally-designed, research-based curriculum that will help students prepare for a globally-oriented and pluralistic society/community, stimulate their creativity, and teach them social responsibility.
We will involve universities, include hybrid learning with online courses, and connect to real world experiences.
We will seek active engagement by educators, parents, community members, corporate leaders, and policy makers to achieve our vision. | 2019-04-24T22:06:08 | https://musesociety.org/ | [
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My wife is a bigger travel junkie than I can ever hope to be. When I come to a new place I like to - “wear it off”. Going to the same haunts over and over again doesn’t bore me. I was thus quite content walking about in Amstelveen with my camera, clicking flowers. Then there is this matter of mind being a place of its own and some of us like to explore its warren of alleys. Sitting about at home is therefore a perfectly legitimate way to travel for some of us.
That said, all this inertia fizzles away in the face of cheap train fares - which the wife has become quite adept at ferreting out from the Nederlandse Spoorwagen (the national rail here) website. Three weeks ago when she got hold of the spring pass that allowed us to travel for a first-class return fare of 20 €/person I decided to follow her along to Maastricht with the eagerness of a dog being taken out for its morning walk.
If you have time to visit just one place in Maastricht, make sure it’s the Selexyz bookshop. Situated inside a centuries old Dominican church with vaulted, painted ceilings, it’s one of the most beautiful bookshops that you’ll ever visit. Although most books here were in Dutch, they had a respectable collection of English books too. We picked David Mitchell’s The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet. We realized later, that the book has a strong Dutch connection [Zoet gave it away, Wikipedia did the rest].
With that bit of shopping behind us, we spent a lot of time walking about in the quiet, quaint, cobbled streets wondering if all places of worship were to turn into bookshops one fine morning, wouldn’t this world become a much more livable place?
The thing about old architecture is that it can bring an air of respectability even to such instituions as McDonalds.
We walked along the Meuse river and along the mooring spot right in the middle where (we presume) the rich and the famous park their expensive toys.
Suddenly the sky turned grey and acquired a texture I had only seen in video games before. The time for lazily lingering about was up.
We finished our trip with a visit to the 17th century town hall and the statue of Minckelers that holds the ‘eternal burning flame’. The man invented illuminating gas and therefore deserves to have it wasted eternally in his honour.
On our way back, I noticed that the train stopped at Eindhoven.
The name rang a bell. Now I am not into football at all, but wasn’t it PSV Eindhoven that visited India several years ago and beat Mohan Bagan (or was it East Bengal?) 7-0 (or something equally one-sided)? | 2019-04-20T09:17:14 | https://www.deepakg.com/maastricht | [
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ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. – January 22, 2019 – Jabil (NYSE: JBL) today introduced a complete solution for creating, integrating and validating custom engineered materials for additive manufacturing. The availability of Jabil Engineered Materials reinforces the company’s 3D printing leadership while driving further adoption of 3D printing to produce highly functional parts for diverse and unique customer applications.
1 Jabil survey conducted by Dimensional Research, “Current State of Additives and 3D Printing,” January 2019.
This entry was posted in News and tagged Additive Manufacturing, AM, Inc., Jabil, Jabil Engineered Materials, John Dulchinos, Materials Innovation Center, Richard D’Aveni, ◾Channel Prime Alliance, ◾Chase Plastic Services, ◾Ultimaker Cura software by AM. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-26T13:43:05 | http://additivemanufacturing.com/2019/01/23/jabil-advances-additive-manufacturing-market-with-integration-of-engineered-materials-world-class-3d-printing-machines-and-proven-processes/ | [
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nitromint1 . A1AmberQueen. JulieNicolle. Porndolls.
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GoddessTashaaKevinErosVitarinakarolinats .HellcathotSahoriNStandymosxxxPammelaSunrise .SomeoneinpdxxxSexyDuo100ZacMcBigBryanaRaee .PetiteTiffanyHotBrownBodyCristianoXLslavesOnly .hotgirls4youuKrisstiBrilliantsheldanaBustyEmily .TammySkyjboyjn1993GisselleMazePassionXguy .MistresAnastasiaMichelAndJonnasianORIGINALHUGLOREDOLL .ArabiaWomanGlowingLovePorndollsBrendaTaylor .Markus29AngelKiutyKrisstiBrilliantMishaSpry .SahoriNStanSahoriNStanlovesuperxxllBrendaTaylor .slavesOnlyChrisRoomeLeonaThorpeMiaKalifa . | 2019-04-19T11:16:50 | https://lesbiansinmysoup.com/nitromint1 | [
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The online casino industry is growing rapidly, and you can find many online casinos. This increases competition among providers. Therefore, they have to find different ways to attract and retain casino players. One of the best strategies followed by gambling sites are the bonuses they offer.
The welcome offer is the first thing that comes to mind. However, it does not stop there, and you can find many other bonuses and promotions, for example, visit this website to check the generous bonuses it offers https://getcasinobonus.net/bonuses/betat-casino/.
Let's begin with what you are familiar with - a detailed explanation of the welcome bonus. It is also referred to as a sign-on offer. You can avail it as soon as you create an account and make the first deposit. You will be able to withdraw your winnings when you meet the wagering requirements. This offer presupposes either money or free spins or both at the same time.
- Free Spins. You will be eligible to play the game without any money deposit. This means that you do not get any cash, but you can spin the reels in a slot machine or roll the dice and take home your winnings after meeting the wagering requirements.
- Phantom or Sticky Bonus. This one becomes a part of the balance and not rewarded as cash. Find this example for a better understanding. You got awarded $50 as a no deposit bonus and start playing the game. You win a game with a deposit of $100. Now, you can only withdraw $50, and not the whole amount $150. This is called a phantom bonus. You may utilise the remaining amount for placing a bet for a new game.
Thus, you can use the bonuses awarded by the providers when betting. Again, not a whole but in percentage. When you get $100 for playing a game with the house edge of 0.5%, then you can stay assured to gain $75 even after the loss of $25. You can use your bonus and hunt for gain.
A monthly, weekly or periodically offered promotions are called the reload bonus. When you become a member of the gambling site and play the games on a regular basis, you become eligible for this offering. As the online casino business market is growing, it is required for the casino providers to offer a variety of bonuses to retain the players. Such promotions are highly appreciated by the players, and they never miss a chance to claim these.
This offer is often given to players and elevates them to the VIP level. Once they get to a higher level, then the other bonuses will be offered.
Once players start playing regularly, then the providers understand the high rollers deposit patterns and will give bonuses to attract them. For instance, some VIP players will look for challenges and will be ready to take the risk. They make high deposits and are not willing to play for small amounts. Hit or miss is their motto, but they cannot compromise in the middle. For motivating such players casino offer bonuses called VIP high roller bonus.
A casino can also grant loyalty points for players who have used their site for a long period of time. These loyalty points are called comp points and depend on the amount of money you deposit. The comp points can be exchanged for cash or prizes. You can accumulate comp points every time you win, and as per the terms, you will be eligible to get free tickets for special events, tournaments, etc.
This is not a usual one as it is not offered by all providers. Only some online casinos provide this offer. This one is awarded when you refer a friend to their gambling site, and he/she creates an account and makes a deposit. After this, you can get some rewards.
All these bonuses look very lucrative and attractive. Beware as they may not always be straightforward. You should read the terms and conditions before you begin your journey by claiming it as there can be a hidden clause or condition which may blindfold you.
For instance, when you start the game assuming that you will get huge rewards, sometimes you may land up with a promotional offering in the form of free games. Also, these free game winnings might have additional conditions, and you won't withdraw your winnings just like that. Therefore, exercise caution, and you will not regret later. These bonuses will make you feel good in terms of monetary benefits and as a learning experience. Use these offers to learn and then start playing the real money games. Due to these bonuses and promotions, you will become a pro in gambling without risking a penny. | 2019-04-21T18:45:56 | https://www.thecheers.org/Money/article_4883_Different-Types-of-Online-Casino-Bonus-Features.html | [
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Review: I am an emotional train wreck right now. Seriously, Pivot Point is brilliant. I don't even know how to cope with it right now, let alone really review it, but I finished it moments ago and I want to get my thoughts down while they're still fresh.
My very first impression of the book was a mix of "Wow, this is kind of a terrifying world" and "This book is obnoxiously cliche." However, neither of those original impressions really lingered for very long (well the first one did a bit). Addison is a girl with mental powers who lives in a secret city called the Compound. Beyond the fact that everyone who lives there has mental abilities, it's a fairly average place. Addie has the ability to Search, or view the consequences of each side of a choice placed before her. When her parents get a divorce, she Searches to decide whether or not to stay with her mother or go with her father into the normal world with the "Norms".
This is where the book evolves from average-ness into awesome-ness. Each subsequent chapter alternates between the story line of the two choices- but the choices play out as if Addie had actually made that decision. There's the story line where she stays with her mother and gets involved with the star quarterback and then there's the story line where she goes into the normal world, makes new friends and meets a normal guy who was mysteriously injured in a football game against Addie's old paranormal school.
The stories remain separate, but the same key plot points happen in both, and you get to see how Addie's choices play out in either story, from different viewpoints. I found it especially delightful as the reader because when a protagonist makes an important choice in a novel, I tend to spend the rest of the book wondering in the back of my mind about what would have happened if they had made a different choice. I got to see two completely different dimensions intertwined with a sinister and interesting plot and I loved it. I found myself comparing the different choices and really getting involved in the book.
I do have one small critique though, which was that there was some minor confusion in the middle chapters of the book when the plot events in the stories coincide really closely. It was vaguely tricky to remember which chapter I was in and which life Addie was living. I blame this partially on the speed at which I read, which is terribly fast (I started and finished this book today in between class and work). Sometimes I read so fast, I don't have the time to properly record the events that I'm reading in their right order and it gets a little tangled. So if you're a fast reader, keep in mind that you might have to pause for a moment to straighten things out, but it's definitely not a reason for you to avoid this book.
I could semi-predict what was going to happen before it happened, but I was just barely ahead of the book and it kept me on my toes. I wanted to know which choice Addie would pick when she was done searching, because I just couldn't decide ahead of time. And in the end, when she made her choice, I was amazed. Not because it was some huge break from what I expected or from the rest of the novel, but because it wasn't conventional and it was just...heartbreaking to me. The way the choices played out...it just...UGH. I really wish I could pick the plot events apart here, but I don't want to give anything anyway. I want you guys to read the book and be as surprised as I was, as engrossed as I was, and as impressed by this novel as I was.
YES!! So glad you enjoyed it. We just read and really liked it too. (Blog post here: http://www.weheartya.com/2013/03/2-for-price-of-1-dual-narratives.html.) And sadly, yes, it's not longer, BUT there is going to be a sequel or a companion novel or something!!!
Line we can't forget: "You don't choose this."
I really liked this book too and also had a bit of trouble keeping track as a fast reader-glad someone else has that problem! | 2019-04-22T00:10:13 | http://www.squeakybooks.com/2013/03/pivot-point-kasie-west.html | [
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ASIA/LEBANON - President Aoun: Lebanese reality should not be perceived in terms of "majority" and "minority"
Beirut (Agenzia Fides) - It is wrong to persist in interpreting the Lebanese ethnic and religious reality according to the categories of "majority" and minority": this custom has ended up depriving some members of Lebanese society "of their political rights and access to public offices". Lebanese President Michel Aoun recognized this, referring in particular to the Lebanese Christians who belong to Churches and ecclesial communities other than the Maronite one. The invitation to overcome the concepts of minority and majority and to recognize the plural and at the same time unitary character of the Lebanese society, was expressed by President Aoun on the occasion of the Mass celebrated on Friday 22 June by Syrian Orthodox Patriarch Mar Ignatios Aphrem II, in the context of the events organized for the inauguration of the new seat of the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate in Atchaneh, in the Land of the Cedars.
Lebanon - reiterated Lebanese Head of State in his speech - has been, since the dawn of history, a land reached by "peoples and religious groups fleeing persecution in search of refuge". A destiny that has often united Christians belonging to different theological and liturgical traditions. "Eastern Christians" remarked Aoun "are not intruders on this earth. On the contrary, it is from here that the evangelization of the whole world began". After the massacres and persecutions suffered in the past - continued the Lebanese President "even today, Eastern Christians continue to be victims of violence. Many of them have moved away from their homeland. A human hemorrhage that must cease". | 2019-04-25T06:29:59 | http://fides.org/en/news/64418 | [
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An Order of Protection is a court order, which is issued to help prevent abuse, harassment, violence or stalking from continuing to occur. The victim in this case would obtain an Order of Protection to prevent, generally an abusive family member (current or former spouse, partner or family member) from future acts of abuse. An Order of Protection is not always for a family law issue, but Family Law issues are the most common reasons for Orders of Protection.
Typically, in order to have an Order of Protection granted, you must have a Significant Relationship with the abuser.
After an order of protection is granted, it can typically remain in place for two years. As the expiration date of the Order of Protection approaches, an attorney can help you file an extension.
An Order of Protection by itself will not guarantee your complete safety. However, the Order of Protection deters an abuser from making contact with you because if the abuser violates the Order of Protection they can be arrested, face criminal charges, and will possibly be incarcerated.
Working with an attorney is essential in having an Order of Protection granted by the courts. Often times an Order of Protection is contested by the person being accused of abuse, which is why having a lawyer that can present facts and evidence before a judge will strengthen your case. An experienced Order of Protection attorney understands how important these orders are and that they are vital in order to help the victims of abuse, stalking and domestic violence. If you or a loved one is suffering from abuse, contact Attorney Search Network today for a free referral to a lawyer that can help you file an Order of Protection. | 2019-04-22T17:57:05 | https://www.attorneysearchnetwork.com/Family_Law_Order_of_Protection.cfm | [
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Adults 65 and older will soon outnumber children for the first time in America’s history, it has been revealed.
The US Census Bureau released new projections this year that showed the country’s changing – and aging – demographics.
By 2030 all baby boomers will be older than age 65 and one in every five Americans will be retirement age.
Without a doubt, it is a good thing that people are living longer, but we are facing a Social Security crisis of unprecedented size and scope in future years. Nobody has any idea how we are going to keep the financial promises that we have made to our seniors, and neither political party has put forth a realistic plan to fix the system.
Living together is become more popular than marriage for young American couples, according to Census Bureau data. Fifteen percent of people in the 25-to-34 age group shared quarters with an unmarried partner this year, up from 12 percent in 2008.
Among those between 18 to 24, cohabitation is more prevalent today than marriage with 9 percent living with an unmarried partner versus 7 percent living with a spouse. Fifty years ago, only 0.1 percent of people between 18 and 24-year and 0.2 percent between 25 and 34 lived with an unmarried partner.
Since 2007, fertility rates have plummeted 18 percent in large cities, 16 percent in mid-sized counties, and 12 percent in rural areas.
As expected, the average age that women have their first child continues to climb – now at 24.5 years old in rural counties and 27.5 in metropolitan areas.
#4 The institution of marriage is almost becoming irrelevant in our society. At one time, having a child “out of wedlock” was greatly frowned upon, but now that stigma is totally gone. According to the United Nations Population Fund, 40 percent of all births in the U.S. now happen outside of marriage. But if you go back to 1970, that figure was sitting at just 10 percent.
#5 As the middle class disintegrates, more Americans are choosing a nomadic lifestyle than ever before. Today, a million Americans are living in their RVS, and that number is rising with each passing year.
Numbering 71 million in 2016, Millennials in the United States are approaching Baby Boomers (74 million) in population and are projected to surpass them as the nation’s largest living adult generation in 2019. The Millennial generation, defined as Americans born from 1981 to 1996, corresponds to adults ages 22 to 37 in 2018.
From the time they were born, the Baby Boomers have greatly defined life in America, but now that is changing. The Millennials are rapidly becoming the dominant generation in our society, and that has fundamental implications for our future.
#7 America is turning blue. Millennials turned out in unprecedented numbers during the recent mid-term elections, and that is one of the big reasons why Democrats were able to pick up 39 seats in the House of Representatives. According to one recent survey, Americans from the age of 18 to the age of 29 favor Democrats over Republicans by a 66 percent to 32 percent margin. As older Americans die off, areas of the country that are red or purple today will increasingly be turning blue.
#8 In recent years, migration has become one of the biggest global trends. According to the United Nations, there are now 250 million migrants around the globe, and this crisis just seems to grow with each passing year. Those that live in countries that are suffering from war, poverty or tyrannical leadership can see that life is much better in Europe and North America, and many of them are extremely desperate to secure a more promising future for themselves and for their children. But mass migration has caused tremendous problems all over Europe, and it has become a political flashpoint in the United States. As our world becomes increasingly unstable, more people than ever are going to want to migrate in the years ahead, and this is going to create great challenges.
Without a doubt, our world has been through a lot in recent years, but the challenges that we have faced so far are nothing compared to what is coming. Our planet is running out of clean water, oil and food. Our oceans are filling up with trillions of pieces of plastic, and animal species are going extinct at a rate that is absolutely unprecedented. Meanwhile, our political systems are being shaken, global financial systems are on the verge of collapse, and natural disasters are increasing in both frequency and intensity.
The pace of change is only going to become even greater, and our world is never going to be the same again.
About the author: Michael Snyder is a nationally syndicated writer, media personality and political activist. He is publisher of The Most Important Newsand the author of four books including The Beginning Of The End and Living A Life That Really Matters. | 2019-04-26T04:26:48 | https://www.intellihub.com/8-shocking-demographic-trends-which-will-greatly-shape-americas-future/ | [
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Scottish Power Energy Networks organised a think–tank meeting in Edinburgh on 18th September 2018.
Invitees included politicians, policy makers, bus operators, engineers and academics. Professor T Muneer from TRI was invited to give his views related to the introduction of electric vehicles within the City of Edinburgh fleet and the relevant implications. | 2019-04-19T13:03:07 | https://blogs.napier.ac.uk/tri/2018/09/19/prof-tariq-muneer-invited-talk-electric-vehicles-scottish-power-energy-networks-meeting/ | [
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"I have been visiting the George Eliot..."
I have been visiting the George Eliot physiotheraphy department for a few months. The reception staff were always busy and sometimes there would be quite long queues, but during all of this pressure the reception staff were lovely and helpful and even had time to smile. My Physio was exceptional. They gave me all the time I needed to understand what they wanted to do and what I had to do at home to help myself. They developed the treatment as I got better and I must say I feel 100% better. On the way out I decided to ask the reception to tell the Chairman of this hospital how kind and wonderful they had been. Would you believe it, the Chairman was at the reception meeting the staff, wow. The Chairman was polite, courteous and very interested in my recent visit. They moved from behind the desk and came to talk to me face to face and didn't even know if I was going to moan. The Chairman was lovely and said they were going to see my physio's boss and tell them my comments. I hope they did. Can you believe it, to see a chairman quite happily going round the hospital, actively talking to staff and visitors. Well done, with that type of staff and a great leader you are top for me.
I feel very much for the reception staff and when there is a queue, it gets very congested, I can't think of anything better, but they do there best. | 2019-04-26T12:13:09 | https://www.careopinion.org.uk/opinions/40384 | [
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tet in bihar: Bihar Tet Application Form - JSUNIL CLASSES "A SMART LEARNING CENTER"
State Council of Educational Research and Training Bihar, Patna has published the application to apply for teacher eligibility test exam ,2011. State government has announced that there will be 3 lakh teachers will be recruited on the basis of this TET exam. Application for Bihar TET exam 2011 will be available from 25.05.2011 to 06.06.2011.
(1) Intermediate with minimum 50% marks for primary school teacher.
SC/ST Male and Female – 42 years.
i have CBSE student of delhi. kya me ye test de sakte hu,maine diet(jbt) ker rakhi h.
Dear sir, Meri inter me 45.11% marks hai kya mai Es test me baith sakti hu.
maine inter 1994 me 2nd division se pass kiya hai,or rastriya saksharta mission me bhag bhi liya hai, or private se painting etc maine kiya hai, kya mai is teacher ban sakti hu.
sir. Agar 3 form bharna hai to 3dd lagaga ya ek 300 ka. My number is 879700100. I am m.sc with b.ed when the form for +2 will publish.
I am also asking the same question as RACHNA SHARMA asked posted on Sun, 22 May 2011.
plz arrange tet of 2011.
1. kya ek bar me ek admi ek hi form bhar sakta hi.
2.DD agar kahi se bana lu our form aapne home dist se lena chahu to kya mil sakta hi.
3. Quetion kis type ke puchhe jayege.
plz give me information my contact no is 9304699611.
i am student of NIOS board 2011 mera 12th ka result july me ayega kya mai apply kar sakta hu ?
is ther any option to fill the form online ?
from where we can download the form?
is there any option to fill the form online ?
Are sab apply kar sakte ho, lekin lute huye form se nahi. Ab agle adesh ka intzar karo, draft banane ki jarurat nahi hai. Sidha 100 rupya do, form lo. Nishcit safalta ke liye sunil bai ke yaha coaching karo.
I have completed my 12th with 54.1% marks. Can I apply for Bihar TET 2011?.
I am a graduate and P.G is going on very well. i am trained from DIET Mbd(U.P),but i belong from Bihar. will i get any + point in applying for bihar TET?kindly inform me as soon as possible.
There is no doubt that you are the greatest chief minister of bihar state.i think that you know very well about your success in your state.i think that our bihar will be the top state in our country.pls do something new 4 your bihar. Mohd Shahnawaz STM(Bihar).
I have Pass UP Board all education,But I live in Bihar.
I am the domicile of u.p.& I have done my Bed.in 2007-08.I want to apply in tet exam so please send the syllabus of bihar tet exam on my email.
i am student of NIT-allahabad B.Tech 3ard year i am also intrast in this form .what can i fill this form.
pliz send me bihar tet syllabus.
I am Jitendra Kumar Parit My qualification is A.B Geography Hon. I have basic Knowledge of Computer and one-year experience data entry please tells me comment because I want to jons of teacher and send me TET exam syllabus.
i am intrastate to need which type of quo.this which type of examination in written and oral.
sir, eska result kab tak declare hoga..plz mujhe bataye.. | 2019-04-24T12:05:19 | http://jsunilclasses.weebly.com/blog/tet-in-bihar-bihar-tet-application-form | [
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Need help utilizing your dopp kit? Find out how in this guide!
A personalized leather dopp kit is both a fashion statement and a practical item. If you’re traveling by yourself or with others, a dopp kit speaks volumes on who you are. Starting your day with a well-packed dopp kit helps you prepare for the day you intend to have.
As such, there are a multitude of them in a variety of price points, ranging from monogrammed leather beauties that make a good family heirloom to sugged shaving kits.
When packing, you have to make sure that your dopp kit has important items such as a foldable toothbrush, ear plugs, nail clippers, etc. Here are some tips on how to pack effectively.
When it comes to traveling, solid is the new liquid. Think shave bars, solid soaps, solid toothpaste and even moisturizers. Solid toiletries can be reduced to size, meaning that you can bring what is needed.
If you’re thinking about something that you aren’t sure you’ll need, ask yourself “Can I buy this at my desired location?”. If the answer is yes, and it’s non-essential, then leave it behind.
Focus on packing items that you’ll use in your daily routine. While you’re away, you’ll benefit from having these items close in hand, without sorting through clutter. If you haven’t used those Vitamin C tablets since last year, chances are you aren’t going to need them in the next week anyway.
The one thing that’s worse than losing your toiletries to a broken seal or a rogue cap, is having to clean out your entire dopp kit after the mess is made. Make sure to use screw caps!
Traveling efficiently is about taking what’s necessary – saving weight so you can pack more essential items, avoiding the dreaded check-in bag, and travel lighter. Here are some tips to ensure that you’re on the right track.
With the right carry on backpack and some strategic packing, not only will you save money on travel fees, but you’ll be free as soon as you step off a plane. As a bonus, there’s no danger in having your bag damaged or lost.
We recommend having a waxed carry on backpack; they’re efficient to pack and are waterproof. Throw one on your back, and the world is just one step away.
Make sure your personalized leather dopp kit complies with international travel requirements. This means that you’ll have to leave liquids behind or they will be confiscated. By following these tips, you’ll be able to travel organized and in style.
Do you have any questions about utilizing your dopp kit?
Previous articleScorpio Man and Pisces Woman: Love Compatibitliy? | 2019-04-24T00:08:22 | https://womennow.in/travel-with-style-getting-the-most-out-of-your-personalized-leather-dopp-ki/ | [
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Foundation. To sort out the confusion, several doctors analyzed The Lancet report and then looked at the evidence from several other major respected and well-researched studies. I offer mixes and rare elements, weird tribal toys, things I find in my hunting errands for that things your muses will use as food for their magical soul. You can find some samples of the real beads in museums or collector's pages. Gift Certificates are Available! Steve Chats with a Group of Kids About Politics S05E45 - The TV Debut of Steve's Newest Grandson!
The bronze dedication plaque that will be placed outside the emergency department pedestrian entrance was unveiled as the event came to a close. Living Healthy workshops are educational programs designed to help people manage life with chronic pain or disease. People who eat a good breakfast are healthier physically, mentally, and socially. During this month we are looking at some of the myths surrounding this condition. The American Cancer Society estimates that this year 136,830 people will be diagnosed and 50,310 will die from this disease. Cuomo announced June 18 that UR Medicine Noyes Health in Dansville,.Y. The answer is definitely nearbuy dominos coupon not. | 2019-04-24T07:51:48 | http://handwerk-werbung.info/53834-sneak-peek-gender-test-coupon.html | [
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Completed earlier this year, 615 South College has already achieved a milestone – LEED Gold Certification. Created by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is the most widely used green building rating system. LEED is the world's preeminent program for the design, construction and operation of high-performance green buildings.The LEED Gold rating is the second highest of four levels bestowed for LEED.
The 18 story, 370,000 SF office building features two-story balconies with views of downtown and South End Charlotte as well as an outdoor green space that connects the building to Stonewall Station, downtown Charlotte’s first light rail stop. Surrounded by respected corporate neighbors including Duke Energy and several other large financial institutions, it is steps away from the city’s professional sports arenas, parks, the Charlotte Convention Center and the Portman-designed Westin Charlotte. | 2019-04-26T13:37:46 | https://www.portmanusa.com/en/news/615-south-college-earns-leed-gold/ | [
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I’ve been slowly hoarding crazy print fabrics, waiting for the moment when my sewing wishes and fashion trends made them a feasible option.
First up, the obvious (for me) winner in this competition. It’s bold and summery, and feels both on-trend and (hopefully) timeless.
The fabric is a cotton pique, that has an interesting weight/texture. The colors are flattering, and the floral is the right amount of whimsical and graphic. I re-used the pink-peony hybrid pattern which was so successful in an orange check. The only adjustments: lowered the shoulders on the pattern a bit, and added a bit more width/gathering on the waist of the skirt.
Here’s my third Lady Skater Dress – sleeveless and with a print! This fabric is SLICK (it could probably be a bathing suit), and I had an awful time sewing it, and I think the bodice is a bit too long, and I don’t love the sleeveless option as much as I thought I would. But for a hot and humid day, it’ll work!
This dress is veering into near-miss territory. The fabric is a stretch poplin that came in a free fabric grab-bag. I love the floral design, and these colors technically work, but it somehow feels too “girly” for me, which is one reason I’ve avoided florals in the past.
Also, I did NOT pre-shrink this fabric and it DEFINITELY got shorter/tighter in the wash. (Such an easy mistake to avoid…) Though, even if it fit as loose as I’d hoped, I think this pattern (most recently the Scarlet Letter Dress) works best with longer sleeves and cold-weather layering.
I might separate the pieces and try mixing them in other ways. (Maybe something solid closer to my face…) Or I might throw it in my consignment pile and see what happens.
Gorgeous dresses, love them! I would love to make my own clothes. So far I have only been brave enough to experiment on some of my old clothes to try and give them a new lease of life, but it’s fun! | 2019-04-18T12:35:28 | https://maggiemakesitbetter.com/2014/07/25/post-vacation-sewing/ | [
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Z-12 OA – Breg, Inc.
Provides relief from the symptoms of OA while stabilizing the knee and protecting the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL.
Learn more about knee osteoarthritis. | 2019-04-26T05:44:16 | https://www.breg.com/products/knee-bracing/functional-oa/z-12-oa/ | [
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Foxy Fortunes is an online video slot game developed by Playtech and available at most online casinos that host Playtech Vegas slots, including SlotsClub.com. Most Playtech slots are free online slots, and this one is no exception. Sample the machine before you play with actual money, or simply play the game for free as much as you’d like.
The Foxy Fortunes slot machine has five reels, three rows and 25 bet lines. You can choose how many bet lines are active per spin, and that count will simply act as a multiplier to your bet. The game caters to low- and high-rollers alike. It has UI features like Bet Max, Auto Play and even Turbo Mode, which speeds up the reel action considerably so that you can squeeze more spins into the free time you have available.
Foxy Fortunes has a cartoon aesthetic, and the entire theme feels a lot like a classic cartoon. The main character Foxy is a Bugs Bunny like character who’s harassing a camper for grapes he’s rinsed and now hung out to dry. The camper also has a hound who works feverishly to sniff Foxy out. Why the camper hung his grapes out on tree branches is anyone’s guess, and it’s probably best not to overthink it.
The symbol set includes Foxy the fox, a camper, his hound dog, a tent, a cooking pot and of course the grapes. The camper serves as the jackpot symbol, which can pay out up to 5,000 coins. The set also includes the standard poker symbols: A, K, Q, J, 10 and 9.
Foxy Fortunes has a wild symbol that can substitute for any symbol other than the scatter symbol. The wild dual serves as a bonus symbol, and when it lands on reels 2, 3 and 4 on the same spin, the Bonfire Free Games mode is activated. This bonus includes 15 free games played at the same bet amount of the last standard spin and includes a 3x multiplier that’s applied to all winnings. It’s also possible to win an additional 15 free games, but 30 games overall is the max for any one free games session. The scatter symbol pays out up to 100 coins and launches the Lucky Grape Bonus with three or more. This bonus has you choose one of a six bunches of grapes to reveal a prize. There’s also a random bonus available if Foxy fails to catch all six bunches as they fall from above. Finally, Foxy Fortunes offers handful of symbol subsets that can be mixed and matched to win lines: cooking pot and tent, K and A, J and Q and 9 and 10.
The first thing that stands out about Foxy Fortunes by Playtech is its art style. The game uses vibrant colors and has a very distinct aesthetic. All of the characters that make up the symbol set have a lot of personality and that makes them memorable. The main character Foxy is as cute as can be. Foxy Fortunes also has fun animations on the reels, good spin action and effective music and sound effects that are used to sparingly in order not to grate on the player over long play sessions. You can play for as little as a penny or as little as $0.25 with all lines active. It also has an Until feature that all online slots should include, and it allows you to set the machine to continue spinning until you win something. | 2019-04-20T04:22:13 | https://www.slotsclub.com/playtech/foxy-fortunes/ | [
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Framing connectors are proprietary products and include fastener types such as; framing anchors, framing angles, joist, purling and beam hangers, truss plates, post caps, post anchors, sill plate anchors, steel straps and nail-on steel plates. Framing connectors are often used for different reasons, such as; their ability to provide connections within prefabricated light-frame wood trusses, their ability to resist wind uplift and seismic loads, their ability to reduce the overall depth of a floor or roof assembly, or their ability to resist higher loads than traditional nailed connections. Examples of some common framing connectors are shown in Figure 5.6, below.
Framing connectors are made of sheet metal and are manufactured with pre-punched holes to accept nails. Standard framing connectors are commonly manufactured using 20- or 18-gauge zinc coated sheet steel. Medium and heavy-duty framing connectors can be made from heavier zinc-coated steel, usually 12-gauge and 7-gauge, respectively. The load transfer capacity of framing connectors is related to the thickness of the sheet metal as well as the number of nails used to fasten the framing connector to the wood member.
Framing connectors are suitable for most connection geometries that use dimensional lumber that is 38 mm (2″ nom.) and thicker lumber. In light-frame wood construction, framing connectors are commonly used in connections between joists and headers; rafters and plates or ridges; purlins and trusses; and studs and sill plates. Certain types of framing connectors, manufactured to fit larger wood members and carry higher loads, are also suitable for mass timber and post and beam construction.
Manufacturers of the framing connectors will specify the type and number of fasteners, along with the installation procedures that are required in order to achieve the tabulated resistance(s) of the connection. The Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC), Institute for Research in Construction (IRC), produce evaluation reports that document resistance values of framing connectors, which are derived from testing results. | 2019-04-25T09:58:50 | http://cwc.ca/how-to-build-with-wood/wood-products/connections/framing-connectors/ | [
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When one’s sense of identity gets challenged, the whole foundation becomes loose. Even people who are ambitious and are making things happen in the world cannot predict when something is going to come along that is going to completely derail that direction. You have otherwise confident people who have been very successful in their lives suddenly questioning everything and going, "How did I end up here?” Zen Warrior Sam Morris talks about landing on your feet and knowing how to come back to building that foundation in a fresh way. Sam met an accident and became paraplegic due to a drunk driver. From that point on, he has been consistently working on reestablishing the foundation that he lost when his accident occurred. Sam says sometimes that building can come crashing down and you're left having to find out how to build a new foundation. He now helps people to create that foundation and finding that inner strength that they didn't even know they had before. | 2019-04-21T02:59:50 | http://thesuccessfulpitch.fullcast.libsynpro.com/landing-on-your-feet-sam-morris-tsp-170 | [
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Although I love animals beyond reason, I haven’t had too much luck raising birds as pets. But if you wish to bring hone a Tweety for your self, then an opulent birdcage that suites your home décor is a must. A stunning 19th century Victorian Bird Cage which is a seven feet, 11 inches tall structure is now up for grabs. An architectural marvel, the 29-inch wide and 24-inch deep cage has section for housing birds of different breeds. Priced at $18,500, the cathedral shaped cage spots turrets, balconies and center dome with a clock tower, small carved statue, and a matching stand with “stand with intricately carved twisted spindles and hanging tassels”.
It’s a stunning gift to give your best pals! | 2019-04-23T21:56:19 | http://luxurylaunches.com/pets/a_victorian_bird_cage_is_a_palace_for_your_royal_feather_friends.php | [
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Borgeson has been manufacturing industrial universal joints since 1914, and their joints have been used on the road since Ford installed them in their prototypes in the 1920s. Today, Borgeson is recognized as the industry leader in steering joints for racing as well as for hot rods and other street vehicles. Your safety depends on quality, so trust only the best!
Note: The Economy Shifter Joints (Part No. 1494) are for use in lightly stressed linkages only (such as shift linkages). They are not for use in steering systems!
We offer economical Borgeson pin and block universal joints for shift linkages. These strong and lightweight joints last a long time if they are kept free of dirt. Step sizes are available. | 2019-04-20T02:19:36 | https://www.pegasusautoracing.com/group.asp?GroupID=BORGESON | [
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I am using Vista and I keep getting this error message 815 saying "error connecting broadband connection WAN Miniport (PPPOE). How do I fix this?
Regarding the error code 815, I suggest contacting ISP to confirm if the username and password is correct.
1. Click Start, type user account, and click the User Accounts control panel.
2. In the User Account control panel, click Manager another account.
3. Click Create a new account, type an account name, select Administrator, and then click Create Account.
4. Logoff and logon with the new account and establish the connection to check if the issue persists.
Even Iam getting the same error message 815, Can anyone solve this problem? I Know there is no problem in my internet connection as there is no such error when connected other Windows versions other than Vistas.
I have tried your solution listed above and it does not work either. Other suggestions?
I have also been going through the same issues with error 815 when trying to connect to the internet with the vista platform. However, I hope that my solution might work for you as well. After multiple hours on the phone with tech guys they suggested that my modem that I was worked just fine with my old computer that was running XP might be of issue. So we borrowed a friends newer modem and bing we were online. So check your modems they may need to be relaced with newer ones. Hope that helps.
What would cause this problem? Or is a glitch in Vista ?
Edited by Kristoff-Rockaz Saturday, January 10, 2009 1:39 AM .
I think it's not Vista problem. First, log in with administrator account and check whether you network adapter gets correct IP address from server. If it's not default 169.x.x.x then create VPN connection and try to connect. If it's not connecting then call your provider tech support.
In my case i have a desktop running XP and i got a new lappie running vista.. So i what i used to do was to directly plug my Ethernet cord into my lappie from my PC.
But since that was earlier connected to my xp machine , My modem was holding some configuration related win XP (I reckon).
I tried diagnose and it recommended me to try and turn off and then turn on my modem. And that clicked !!!!
anyone tried getting latest product drivers for modem, I had an 815 this evening, downloaded the driver from maufacturer website for vista installed the driver, connected the device AFTER, enterd credentials and wey hey!! were done. This seems to resolve any USB connection issues. Hope this helps some folks!!
as for ethernet modems, makesure your PPP settings are okay, your VPI/VCI are correct your username and passwords are great. your modem has the latest firmware. if this fails try resetting your TCP/IP stack and flushing DNS and then maybe winsock reset. If they don't work try an alternate modem/router of a friend if possible.
also when connecting you modem to another pc may sound silly but turn it off 1st otherwise the modem is still issuing an IP address to your old pc and cannot send correct packet data to your new one.
SAYAN045 you are a God amongst your kind - I've been f-ing about trying to fix this forever & had given up on trying. Many thanks from sunny (not) England mate.
1. Click Start , type user account , and click the User Accounts control panel.
2. In the User Account control panel, click Manager another account .
3. Click Create a new account , type an account name, select Administrator , and then click Create Account .
Actually the error message you encounter is that windows Vista automatically default your connection in broadband connection powered by a username and password (PPPoE). If your connection doesn't have username and password, all you need to do is disable it.
1. Go to Internet Explorer. click on Tools Tab and go to Internet Option. under Connections tab click on option Never dial a connection, then click on Apply.
2. If your using a PPPoE connection, input your username and password. If still persist, check your LAN status, setup and cables.
Note: If you have a router you might need to input your username and password to your router and make sure to follow again the number 1 instruction.
What if your computer still won't connect to the computer after creating an administrator account? We received the error 815 and are using Vista.
"Regarding the error code 815, I suggest contacting ISP to confirm if the username and password is correct.
I am using Vista and I keep getting this error message 815 saying"error connecting broadband connection WAN Miniport (PPPOE). How do I fix this?
''The User Profile Service service failed the logon.
I was having the same issue as everyone else, though i'd already been using the internet minutes before, did something else came back and got this error, i search this answer on my partners computer which was hooked up to the same router, so i knew there was no issue there, tried out Badasskick's solution, and it worked a treat, for some reason my IE had decided to change its settings, not sure what i did to make that happen, but so glad its resolved.
I use Vista btw, my partners is XP.
I am using Virgin Media boardbrand and I keep getting this error message 815 saying "error connecting broadband connection WAN Miniport (PPPOE). How do I fix this? Thanks in advance!
How do you do this? I can't find the option. | 2019-04-19T06:38:00 | https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/8c6635e3-4062-4196-a992-5e116c5f480b/error-815?forum=itprovistanetworking | [
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In Japanese anime the characters move, but their movements are generally staccato, sharp, and dramatic--not free-flowing with lots of overlapping action, anticipation, and follow-through. In Anime Mania , famous cartoonist, teacher, and best-selling author Christopher Hart demonstrates how any comic book artist can become expert in this wonderful style of animation. Step by step, he details... Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0823029735, Paperback) Shoujo manga is one of the most popular styles of Japanese animation, featuring the most recognizable characters in manga-seen everywhere in comics, books, toys, television, film, and video.
24/11/2016 · [DOWNLOAD] EBOOK Anime Mania: How to Draw Characters for Japanese Animation (Manga Mania) 2 years ago 2 views... Anime Mania: How to Draw Characters for Japanese Animation by Hart, Christopher. Paw Prints 2008-04-18. Used - Very Good. Great condition for a used book! Minimal wear.... Paw Prints 2008-04-18. Used - Very Good.
Download Anime Mania How To Draw Characters For Japanese Animation Manga Mania in EPUB Format In the website you will find a large variety of ePub, PDF, Kindle, AudioBook, and books. | 2019-04-18T19:08:57 | http://nyvideoschool.com/australian-capital-territory/anime-mania-how-to-draw-characters-for-japanese-animation-pages.php | [
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Last weekend our AmeriCorps Service Coordinator, Eric Park, traveled to Durham, NC to participate in the Healthy Housing Summit led by the National Service Program staff at Rebuilding Together and the local RT of the Triangle. 25 other AmeriCorps members from Rebuilding Together affiliates across the country spent a full day of training and two days implementing safe and healthy home repairs for homeowners in need in rural Pittsboro.
Armand Magnelli and Jayne Windham of Livable Housing, Inc. and Housing Compliance Solutions LLC, facilitated the training sessions that involved an overview of building science, home inspection best practices, and several hands on demonstrations that highlighted the 7 safe and healthy housing principles. Armand and Jayne did a wonderful job of making this content engaging and practical for the AmeriCorps members in attendance.
The team Eric served with removed old carpet throughout the home and refinished the hardwood floors, installed three new windows, insulated the attic and crawlspace, and rehung gutters and extended downspouts to improve the flow of water away from the foundation of the home. Overall, it was a tremendous service experience, and we would like to thank the NSP Team, Armand, Jayne, Dan and Sophie of RT of the Triangle, and the national sponsors of this event.What a blast! | 2019-04-22T07:10:58 | http://rtbaltimore.org/healthy-housing-summit-in-durham-nc | [
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Song: Acrid Placidity Artist: Meshuggah Album: Destroy Erase Improve This is an instrumental song by Meshuggah. Seeing as there were no videos of this song on YouTube already, I decided to upload one.
The carmageddon is upon us. I had fun today.
How long will I survive this time?
I don't think I've ever been owned this hard. | 2019-04-25T04:46:26 | http://cimsim2010.info/author/UCZoTTu_ZLpEiHsuJESCHRiQ/Esprox | [
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Ookbee Buffet Grants Unli-Access To FHM Philippines And Other Top Magazines!
Four words: All. You. Can. Read.
Digital bookworms, we've got G-R-E-A-T news for you!
Ookbee Philippines, the company behind the popular Pinoy e-bookstore Buqo, has just released an app that will satisfy all your virtual reading desires: Ookbee Buffet. Four words: Read. All. You. Can.
Yep—with Ookbee Buffet, you'll have—get this—unlimited access to a ton of content which includes digital versions of some of the biggest local magazines and even international editions of popular glossies. How does unli-FHM Philippines sound? Or #basapamore moments with Yes!, Top Gear, and Men's Health? All that and loads more with the Ookbee Buffet app!
"A lot of our fellowmen, even genuine readers, are still reluctant to purchase and read content on mobile. Hopefully, through Ookbee Buffet, we can urge readers and consumers alike to try out e-reading, allay their fears, and ultimately change their mindset regarding digital content consumption," says Chad Rosario, Deputy General Manager of Ookbee Philippines.
However, as with any buffet, this one doesn't come free, hence the million-peso question: How much? No need to count your savings or rob a bank, lads; Ookbee Buffet's unlimited reading offer is available for only P179 per month! A legit bargain considering the sheer amount of content (over 100 different titles, yo!) you can access with it.
Interested? Then head over to the Apple App Store (for iOS) or Google Play (for Android) to DL the app now for free and be on your way to being more informed, updated, and entertained. | 2019-04-26T06:02:58 | https://www.fhm.com.ph/trending/news/ookbee-buffet-app-download-philippines | [
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Normally, the stronger a hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors isthe heavier it’s. Aside from the durability of this desk, the next thing you ought to think about until you purchase an carpet beetles may be the weight reduction . When you wish touse the table, will you be lonely or are you going to be with people that are willing to allow you to place the table? After all, you do not want to inadvertently get hurt unintentionally since the carpet you pick is too heavy to raise. In addition you need to inspect the leg attachment process. In the event the legs are straightened to the bottom of their desk, then it’s far better than in case they have been merely attached .
Installing a wall carpet can be an ideal way to continue to keep your belongings into your own home neat although you do not need some added chambers because of storage. A wall carpet using an appropriate hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors will also add the decorative value for the property. In the event the partitions in your home are already full of wall decorations, you can possess office carpet tiles in the home. Corner wall carpet may meet with the vacant corner spaces so you can make the most of the usage of areas on the house. A wall carpet would work to be placed in a family room, family room, and also other rooms.
Other vital things would be to see if your hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors isn’t hard to build or not more and check the largest possible sum of burden which can be put in addition to the desk. Easy to create me an you spend energy and energy after unfolding the table. Superior stability should your concern too because that you don’t want a office carpet tiles that may simply hold a small number of items.
A hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors is about comfort. This really is due to the fact that the carpet is utilised to engage in bridge, the origin of this table name. Comfort-ability is significant because most people use the carpet to engage in bridge or other card games, which require one to stay there for a very long time. Thus, a carpet beetles could be the one with a proper height, weight, as well as size. Take carefully your size and also the folks close to you which means you could comfortably employ table. The dimensions and burden of the carpet are very important specially if you need a flexible carpet which can be moved.
hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors with cartoon personalities are sure to bring your own children. But if you’d like carpet beetles which may be used by your young ones for quite a long time, you then need to prevent it. That is only because your children may eliminate interest in the cartoon character as soon as they grew old. So, a simple layout desk could function as solution your children can make use of the desk and also you don’t need to shift it out.
Done-with the inside the home, you may also put in the hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors for on your outdoor space. It’s correct that a small or moderate property is infrequently got a garden and perhaps a garden. But in the event that you may be able to own oneif it’s small, then you can install this sort of carpet in your garden. You don’t have to set up the major size dining table , you just require that an office carpet tiles that’s enough for three to five 4 men and women. The secret is, should you need to make use of your lawn for something else, you can transform or fold it to a more compact size afterward be sure it remains on your own storage area briefly. Really functional, suitable?
When you decide exactly the magnitude of your hardwood flooring services milwaukee my affordable floors, another thing to think about is to suit the plan of one’s carpet with the plan of your living room. In the event you opt for a minimalistic living space, then you definitely ought to be glad because there really are lots of options offered in the merchants. You should also consider different furniture in the family area. Make all of the furniture on the family area seem very similar to generate an aesthetic feeling that can boot the disposition of anybody who sees your livingroom. Usually, a office carpet tiles comes with a very simple design so it will not function as focal point of your chamber on its own. If want to get the carpet to be the focus of this space, then then you should ponder placing a carpet lamp or alternative decorations on top of it. | 2019-04-21T06:22:59 | http://www.jcantero.org/carpet-tiles-milwaukee/ddf79/portrait/hardwood-flooring-services-milwaukee-my-affordable-floors.aspx | [
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large bicycle wall art image romantic decor for bedroom.
metal butterfly wall art china 3d.
learn how to give a blank wall some personality with stripes are great decorative painting technique for your walls horizontal make paint on youtube pain.
mounted shoe rack wall shelf for shoes shelves racks pictures gallery of mou.
wall decor art decoration fancy fan image ideas chinese for sale decorations.
how to arrange art hang wall interior design. | 2019-04-22T18:29:19 | http://cwrumblings.info/category/kids-room/ | [
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Thank you to everyone who attended the February Chapter Meeting in Richardson on Emergency Communication in Buildings. I unfortunately missed it due to being sick, but heard both the presentation and venue were great. I also want to thank all the sponsors and participants who supported the CSI team at Form Follows Fitness. This has been a great event and grows every year.
Thank you to everyone who attended our first program of the year. JLL Research gave a great presentation on the Urbanization of the Legacy/Frisco Area. For those of you who missed it, we have several other great programs coming up.
I hope everyone had a great Christmas and had a chance to recharge for 2018.
Our Christmas Party was a huge success; everyone I talked with had a great time networking and playing the casino games. Many people walked away with great gifts. I want to thank everyone who helped make this event possible, including the many sponsors who contributed money and prizes to the event. Their information can be found on our website. Thanks to our sponsors, the Dallas Chapter will be making a nice donation to Ring of Hope, more on this at the Jan meeting.
Thanksgiving has flown by us and Christmas is coming fast. The end of the year is always a busy time for CSI Dallas as we gear up for one of our biggest events of the year, the CSI Holiday Party.
Last week I attended the South Central Region Planning conference in Frisco. This yearly event is an opportunity for the new chapter leaders to come together and learn from each other. At the conference we took part in a great seminar on leadership and participated in the 11th hour of a mock bid. The first focused on being centered and calm, the other managing chaos. Then the conference concluded with the region board meeting. These conferences are always informative, but to fully benefit, you also have to stay for the evening events as well. For this conference, that included an event at Top Golf and after hours hospitality suite. | 2019-04-23T18:13:01 | http://dallas.csinext.org/events/pres-message?start=6 | [
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MAY has been an amazing month at SOUP and we’d like to invite you to witness the last of it’s exhibition series. May 28th is the last day to see SPACE AND CHARM’S installations and prints.
We have moved the reception to 8 pm to really let you experience the creaturescapes, fort and illuminated prints without being washed out by the dratted sunlight. Yes, it’s true..most artists are pale. Kidding!
Drinks will be available at the reception. | 2019-04-22T18:45:04 | http://art.fsu.edu/soup-experimental-may-28th-space-and-charm-closing-reception/ | [
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Ortona Sub, diving association founded in 1990 and the National Center for training instructors of CMAS (World Confederation of Underwater Activities), is organizing the 9th edition of the See in the Sea UW International Photocontest OrtonAmare 2014.
"OrtonAmare" for expressing numbers, even in 2014 was selected by Dr. Angelo Mojetta (Trident gold, Ustica 2012) and AISI (Italian Association of Underwater) to compose the second edition dell'EUDIPHOTO TOP AWARD, the Italian Academy of underwater photography, which sees the evaluation of the winner, selected by an international jury, including the top finishers in the 5 most important competitions on the national scene.
The edition 2014, uses a panel of international prestige, chaired by Paolo Fossati (Photojournalist and journalist contributor to magazines diving notes), Giuseppe Pignataro (Italian Champion and former judge of the most prestigious competitions of recent Italian and Italian Leagues) and Alberto Balbi (photojournalist collaborator of the most popular magazines of Italian industry and Apnea Magazine).
The categories in which the contest is organized are MACRO WIDE (WIDE ANGLE), MEDITERRANEAN PORTFOLIO (a category that in the previous edition has been a resounding success), BEGINNERS, FRESHWATERS and category in external theme "The Crafts of the Sea" .
The competition grows punctuated by the following dates: from 01 September to 15 October (sending works, Regulations and Application Form can be downloaded from the website www.ortonamare.org), 18-19 October meeting of the Jury, November 15 Opening of the Exhibition & Events ceremony, November 23 closing of the exhibition.
The prize is a practice of considerable thickness, with numerous intercontinental trips offered through the collaboration of business partners of great international importance (Albatros Top Boat, Aquadiving, Don This Sudan, Easydive, Dan Europe, Sportissimo Milan, Ponza Diving Center, Future sea Sorrento Diving, Project Sub DS Padi Gold Palm IDC Geremeas, COGALCO, Marlin Blue, St. Thomas specialty food Rosarubra held in Pietranico ...) and partnerships such as the one with the 'University of Salento and the twinning with the competition "the Sea Punta Ala - 1st contest John Smorti "
The Award ceremony and exhibition spaces will be set up in the prestigious halls of the sixteenth century Palazzo Farnese, in an impressive setting particularly elegant.
OrtonAmare adopts new logo in See the Sea which condenses the spirit of this contest, created to look at the Sea through fantastic pictures of the best photographers, to tell the thrilling magic suspended the Blue Planet.
See in the Sea OrtonAmare UW Photo Contest presents the call for participation and entry form downloaded from the website and you www.ortonamare.org by appointment for a competition field and of great quality, where winning is difficult, but even more for this rewarding.
Guest of honor at the Awards Ceremony on Saturday, November 15 at 18:00 at the Palazzo Farnese, Mauro Francesconi one of the most famous Italian maker video, with incredible images of the underwater world. | 2019-04-19T15:05:10 | http://www.ortonamare.org/IT/article/index.php?art=29&leng= | [
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The D-Spence-ary is where Rev Dayna Spence prepares the Word of God, and sends it forth with passion and power for those in need of spiritual health. In short, it's biblical medicine for your spiritual healing. This podcast will encourage, revive and uplift the soul of the listener. In this episode, "Pray Because You're Prey", we discover how to protect ourselves from the adversary the devil, and why we must pray because we're prey.
The D_Spence_ary is where Rev Dayna Spence prepares the Word of God, and sends it forth with passion and power for those in need of spiritual health. In short, it's biblical medicine for your spiritual healing. This podcast will encourage, revive and uplift the soul of the listener. | 2019-04-19T18:30:41 | http://the-d-spence-ary.com/pray-because-youre-prey | [
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14 Fun Ways You Can Spend Valentines Day From Home!
Why Is Spring A Great Time To Move?
10 Fun Ways To Display Your Christmas Cards This Season!
Need things to do this summer holidays with your family?
Living in Cambridgeshire : What to expect?
Is it Possible to Move Home in 30 Days?
What Can £500,000 Buy You In Cambridgeshire’s Property Market?
Giggs & Co Celebrates our 5th Birthday! | 2019-04-25T09:13:16 | https://www.giggsandco.com/footer-links/sitemap.html | [
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This 2-day PRINCE2 Practitioner course (It includes the PRINCE2 Practitioner exam) builds on the knowledge that participants have gained in the PRINCE2 Foundation course, and focuses on applying and tailoring PRINCE2 for the effective use of the PRINCE2 Project Management methodology in projects. PRINCE2 (PRojects IN Controlled Environments) provides common processes, management products, roles, and language for use throughout an organization’s projects.
PRINCE2 is the most successful Project Management method in the world—it has become the de facto standard in both the private and public sectors.
Sample exams and a thorough review of course materials during the course help participants prepare for taking on and passing the PRINCE2 Practitioner Exam.
•Computrain provides you with quality training materials and a unique learning experience. Your course workbook includes everything you need to prepare for and successfully pass the exam. You receive pre-course reading materials that help you understand the basics in an interactive and fun way, even before you come to the class.
•PRINCE2 training courses are presented by APMG-approved instructors, who have undergone a stringent quality assessment as part of the approval process. | 2019-04-24T08:16:04 | http://www.computrain.co/CourseCatalog/tabid/98/evt/678/Prince-2-Practitioner.aspx | [
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Truly there were few form alternatives for bigger estimated ladies. Presently, notwithstanding, the forces that be in the form world have made sense of what number of larger size ladies there are who will pay great costs for complimenting attire, thus more stores are loading popular hefty size garments to take care of the demand.
To search for garments, ladies have a couple of various choices. They can shop at retail chains or boutiques, if their sizes are conveyed there. They can shop on the web or from a mail-arrange inventory. On the off chance that financial plan is no question, they can even have garments specially crafted or custom fitted for them.
Retail establishments and boutiques wherever are putting forth bigger determinations of hefty size apparel for ladies. The larger size market is totally open, and stores have discovered that they can considerably expand their business income by exploit it. Looking for hefty size dress in stores has turned into a substantially more pleasant side interest on the grounds that there are more alluring larger size garments to browse. Ladies end up spending more cash on garments when the styles they need and the sizes they require are accessible readily available.
Who says that hefty size ladies can’t be attractive? Significant retail chains and boutiques are presently offering provocative, charming hefty size garments. An impressive larger size dress is not any more difficult to discover, either. Many dress makers are adding more sizes to their line of dresses keeping in mind the end goal to exploit the larger size dress market. You can likewise discover pleasant things in inventories and on the web, yet in the event that you purchase from one of these, ensure they have an astounding merchandise exchange on the off chance that things don’t fit effectively.
There are numerous alternatives for ladies who need to buy hefty size garments. Choices in an assortment of hues, styles, shapes and materials are currently accessible for bigger ladies. These ladies should in any case precisely think about their decisions previously buying, be that as it may. Appropriate fit is particularly essential for them. Apparel ought to be complimented their body shape and size.
Keeping in mind the end goal to compliment hefty estimated ladies, standard shading and style counsel is as yet material. Dim shaded slacks and dresses are constantly thought about thinning and discrete. Individuals can be effectively pulled in with a mix of splendid scarves and excellent adornments. To keep away from consideration towards the cumbersome hips, pick apparel styles that skim over the hips. Great underwear additionally helps in smoothening the unattractive lumps or wrinkles appearances. It may be hard to locate the correct garments or right store immediately, yet ladies of each size would now be able to discover complimenting clothing that fits flawlessly. | 2019-04-22T02:04:05 | http://getoutofthebox.org/plus-size-fashion-can-look-inviting/ | [
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Another week is in the books, and that means another installment of Good Reads.
I’ve got a busy weekend and I’ve got to run so I’ll cut right to the chase.
Next up, I had an article come out on T-Nation on Thursday called 9 Training Strategies For Knee Pain. Check it out.
And now, the best of the rest.
That’s a wrap. Have a great weekend! | 2019-04-26T09:53:04 | https://benbruno.com/2012/05/good-fitness-reads-7 | [
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Want to directly email someone at V Cut but don't know their address?
We're still trying to figure out the format for email addresses at v-cut.com for sure. We've got the following addresses though for employees currently at the firm. Does this get you any further on your quest? | 2019-04-23T08:37:06 | https://www.email-format.com/d/v-cut.com/ | [
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Sometimes vision recovery is simple – a comprehensive examination determines a correctable diagnosis: glasses, medication, a surgical procedure. Sometimes recovery is elusive, but the caring and experienced team at Vision Recovery Center will overcome all eye conditions.
The Vision Recovery Center provides comprehensive medical examinations to financially challenged children and adults who would otherwise not have the means to care for their eyes: children struggling to see the blackboard, adults plagued with degenerative diseases … and our veterans – impacted by the perils of war.
Vision Recovery Center serves patients from Nevada’s Las Vegas area, – schedule an appointment with our Summerlin optometrist today. If you have a moment, please give us your feedback about our site and your experiences with our eye care center.
February is Low Vision Awareness Month!
Did you know that 20 million people in North America have low vision? And that many seniors think that vision loss is a normal part of getting older that they just have to live with it? That is NOT the case. Vision loss is NOT an inevitable part of getting older. February is Low Vision Month. Dr. David YESnick and Sandy YESnick, Las Vegas’ ONLY Low Vision Eye Care Team, want to inform you that there is hope to overcome Macular Degeneration, Eye Diabetes, Glaucoma or Any eye condition. We CAN recover your visual independence to read, see TV, Computers, Cell phones, Loved One’s faces, even drive, regardless if you have had surgical or pharmaceutical treatments for your underlying eye disease that caused the loss of vision. Dr. YESnick’s Low Vision devices (and Sandy’s low vision care that accompanies the dispensing of such devices) can help you continue to do many of your activities of daily living – by yourself.
When: March 7th, Thursday, Noon to 1:00.
Now Affiliated with Essilor’s "Changing Life Through Lenses"
We are happy to announce that we are now affiliated with Essilor Vision Foundation’s Changing Life through Lenses™ charitable platform and community! We are thrilled to support you as you provide vision services and make a difference.
Low vision can affect children and adults and requires significant adjustments to life. Here are some facts and tips for coping with it on a daily basis.
Thorough care to a diverse clientele with specialist support for an array of issues such as macular degeneration, low vision, glaucoma, and cataracts.
Learn about our affiliates YESnick Eyecare Center, AAA Driving Academy, ORCAM and CentraSight. We all like to help!
We are a 501©3 charitable organization. Donate now and get those in need on the road the Vision Recovery Center.
Read about our grand opening and upcoming events. There is always something happening at the VRC near Spring Valley, NV.
Denis (pronounced Denise) is a 14-year-old local middle school student. She is bright and vibrant with curious brown eyes and an engaging personality. Her smile lights up a room.
Thanks to the Vision Recovery Center team, Denis is on the back on the road to success! Read Denis’ Story. | 2019-04-20T15:06:11 | https://www.visionrecoverycenter.org/ | [
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50ml – Purchase this product here.
100ml – Purchase this product here.
A soothing remedy to gently restore your skin to gloryA potent cosmeceutical multipurpose remedy loaded with pure restorative Vitamin C and anti-inflammatory Calendula. Relieve, Repair and Restore even the most sensitive of skin types. | 2019-04-20T19:14:11 | https://brazilianbeauty.com.au/shop/product/r3-relieve-repair-restore-50ml-100ml/ | [
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Cross Country: Ran in five meets…ran a personal-best 5K time of 19:12.0 at the Royals XC Challenge (9/29) for the fourth-fastest time in program history…ran a personal-best 6K time of 23:09.3 at the NCAA Division II South Region Championships (11/4) where she placed 22nd overall to rank seventh in school history…ran a 3K time of 11:39.2 at the Holloway Park XC Preseason Festival (9/2)…recorded a 21:23.7 5K at the Embry-Riddle Asics Classic (9/16)…posted an 11th place finish at the Sunshine State Conference Championship with a 6K time of 23:39.5...earned SSC Commissioner Honor Roll recognition for earning a 3.2 grade point average or better.
High School: Attended Great Bridge High School...ran a personal best 5k time of 19:30.49 as a senior... received an advanced diploma and multiple sports awards.
Personal: Born October 26, 1998...daughter of Andrew and Amy Jones...enjoys running and drawing in her free time...major is undecided. | 2019-04-20T02:53:38 | http://lynnfightingknights.com/sports/wxc/2018-19/bios/jones_alexandra_lq2b | [
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Java library to optimize PDF documents and reduce PDF files size.
jPDFOptimizer is a Java library to optimize and reduce the size of PDF documents.
jPDFOptimizer can remove unnecessary objects in PDF documents, detect and merge duplicate images and fonts, and modify image resolution, compression and color spaces to reduce size. The library provides a powerful, yet simple API to let the calling application fine tune how to optimize documents.
jPDFOptimizer is built on Qoppa Software’s extensive PDF technology and requires no third party software or drivers. The library is 100% Java and can run on any operating system for which there is a standard Java implementation, such as Windows, Linux, Unix, Solaris and others. | 2019-04-19T17:23:09 | https://www.qoppa.com/pdfoptimizer/ | [
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Moya Cannon is a poet whose works include Oar, The Parchment Boat and Carrying the Songs.
Her work has appeared in a number of international anthologies and she has edited themed issues for Poetry Ireland Review (1995) and held writer-in-residence posts for Kerry County Council and Trent University Ontario.
She was born in County Donegal, and is currently living in Galway. | 2019-04-22T03:04:38 | http://aosdana.artscouncil.ie/members/cannon/?Cnuas=1 | [
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She Fully embodies the concepts she teaches in her personal life and practice. that is rare.
What people have to say about a reading with Sherri..
I had a reading with Sherri today and I was feeling her wonderful energy minutes before she called. During the reading she was very accurate and delivered many messages that I really needed to hear. Also she described a new hobby I've recently picked up and hit home with some things I've been putting to the side that really deserve my attention now. I could hear in the cadence of her voice that she wasn't passing judgement or getting in her own way, she really let's the messages come through from spirit.
I want to give you a super big amazing gigantic appreciation for the intuitive session you did for me !!
Wow!! You are so amazingly connected and realllyyyyy spot on with all your insight. All of it clicked so well, like "Hey, I already know that somewhere deep inside but don't really see it because I am so IN it."
With keeping what you said in mind.. I have started the process of accepting myself more as I am and stop trying to fit myself into other people's ideas of the way things "need" to be done.
I did a group healing session.. the first one EVER a few days ago. I offered people to sign up and had 18 people in less than24 hours.
Soooo.. this is just the start. I have a new filter to see through now. And that means that I give myself more acceptance and breadth to do ME, instead of staying squished and small in other people's boxes. And it means that I can be of greater service to others ...which makes my heart sing!
Thank you so much Sherri!! I am soooo grateful .
Sherri has performed numerous healings to activate and hasten my own healing power. She has called upon my Angels to help move kidney stones through with less pain, as well as, working with my Angels to help me move beyond emotional blockages. As a scientist, I inherently disbelieve until sufficient proof becomes acceptable fact. Sherri has proven her skillful healing talent time and again. Her work is completed with such tenderness and love, that you are left feeling lighter and whole.
Thank you so much for your reading today. You couldn't have nailed it on the head any better.
I struggle with being vulnerable in my Nerium business! I told myself Monday I need to get out of my own way. You've opened my eyes to see that I do need to share with this universe and there are so many people out there looking for an opportunity for this journey if I just share more of my personal experiences!!
My experience as a student with Sherri in Sedona, AZ was a wonderful one. Her joie de vive and infectious laugh made her seem like an old friend, and was very comforting. She is a warm, kind and sharing spirit, very conscientious and helpful with any questions we had, A talented clairvoyant, Sherri was able to help us feel at ease and guide us in learning to read, and is sure to be able to help with questions you may have.
Having a reading with Sherri is a transformative experience you will not want to miss! She is a fantastic clairvoyant and healer and if there is an answer to be had she will find it. She is also a truly loving, wonderful person who I trust with the most intimate details of my life. Also, She fully embodies the concepts she teaches in her personal life and practice. That is rare.
I’m glad to have met you! You are a healer, too, and have so much to offer each soul and person you touch along your way. Peace be with you. Always with love.
Where to start? First I think it’s important to feel a sense of comfort with the person who is reading you, which is always the case with Sherri. We have had a few sessions and they all have made me feel better and more enlightened about my situation. She is clearly a natural healer and very intuitive. I believe Sherri is the one person I can turn to when having any given dilemma be it professional and personal and really be able to see the light from the other side.
What a gift to have!
Sherri is my fairy. Before the reading, when she was grounding herself I felt like she was grounding me and my thoughts. From a million questions in my head, the storm went away leaving a serene calming light, with no more thoughts and worries. Sherri calmed my spirits and brought back the strong woman who I need to be and missed, feeling empowered and free.
Thank you Sherri! You are such a wonderful soul.
The reading with Sherri was magical. I didn't have to tell her anything at all, she immediately tuned into my energy and knew where my challenges were and what I needed to do to move forward.
She also conveyed some messages from my guides and helped me clarify my path. I was left with a light, loving feeling that lasted for days after the call.
Sherri is the real deal! She described things about me that I have never shared with anyone before. | 2019-04-25T21:42:04 | https://www.pinkmoonritual.com/rave-reviews/ | [
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One of the world’s greatest producers and DJs of all time Fatboy Slim is headed for the stunning Jaz Beach to headline the award winning Sea Dance Festival in Montenegro on Friday, July 14. Get your beach party fix at this up and coming Ibiza alternative. Tickets available here.
The wave of global mega-hits like “The Rockafeller Skank”, “Eat, Sleep, Rave, Repeat”, “Right Here, Right Now ‘,’ Praise You’ and many others will splash the shores of the turquoise cove near the historic town of Budva. The festival punters will have the opportunity to enjoy the journey through the music vortex of funk, house, techno, electro, hip-hop and rock and roll fused into a single, energetic performance brought by the Brighton’s finest. Legendary showman, the winner of Grammy award, three Brits and 10 MTV awards, whom the “Q” magazine listed in “50 Bands to See Before You Die” list, comes at Sea Dance Festival as one the headliners of leading world festivals.
Also hailing from EXIT, the iconic No Sleep stage will debut its Adriatic edition at Sea Dance, with billing led by some of the most exciting names in the underground scene Amelie Lens, Denis Horvat, South London Ordnance, Space Dimension Controller, joined by some of the finest regional and loacal artists.
For the past three decades Norman Cook is considered as one of the world’s best DJs. He is the only music star that managed to reach No.1 with three singles from different musical endeavors. As guitarist in “The Housemartins”, he charmed the global audience with hit “Caravan of Love” (1986), and did the same as a member of Beats International with song “Dub Be Good to Me” (1990). As a solo artist, he made music breakthrough with the song “Praise You” (1999). With his debut album “Better Living Through Chemistry”, he made a real boom, and the hit single “Everybody Needs a 303” won the hearts of music fans all around the world. His second album “You’ve Come a Long Way” went platinum, with “The Rockafeller Skank” and “Praise You” – his first hit sigle wich ruled the charts in Britain and America. Track “Weapon of Choice” and the video spot with the legendary actor Christopher Walken marked the third album “Halfway Between the Gutter and the Stars” from 2000. Ten years later, he released an album and rock musical “Here Lies Love ” in collaboration with David Byrne Joins, as a kind of homage to the first lady of the Philippines Imelda Marcos.
No Sleep stage at Sea Dance will present several exciting acts of the electronic underground scene. On the same day as Fatboy Slim, also hailing from UK is Space Dimension Controller whose legendary Boiler Room performances (Dekmantel and Ava Fest) masterfully connects Detroit and Chicago with his native Belfast. Irish-alien controls the dimensions for the prestigious labels like Ninja Tune, R & S and Clone! On the same night, Denis Horvat, the “secret weapon” from Dixon’s Innervision label will debut at Sea Dance! Denis’ gems “Cedevita” and “Momak” are praised by the likes of Maceo Plex and Dixon. The next day will welcome the new Belgian techno star Amelie Lens who exploded after a series of brilliant sets at major events and a debut for the Italian Lyase Recordings. She is the resident at the Labyrinth club, and often plays at the Fuse as a guest of the other great Belge star Charlotte de Witte who is also playing at EXIT’s edition of No Sleep stage. On the same night, Sea Dance Festival will also welcome the English techno producer South London Ordnance who quickly picked up the support of giants such as Sven Vath, Surgeon, Marcel Dettmann and Adam Beyer. His sound is very unusual because it combines European retro sound, such as “cold-wave” or early “Italo-disco” with carefully designed and very modern techno sound.
Sleepless nights on the coast will host a multitude of Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin artist such as Insolate, Filip Xavi, TKNO, Millok, M-Tech, P.S, Rayo, Proximus, Gav, Raven, Dino R, Buba, Jan De R, Bodzie, Soft 85, Iks-Oks, and Darko Milosevic. | 2019-04-21T10:44:26 | http://www.wearekingsuk.com/european-festivals/fatboy-slim-headline-sea-dance-festival/ | [
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I want to set the clipboard to file abc.jpg, in image format, so I can paste it to gpaint, etc. X11 applications, can I?
I have enabled Screen snapshot feature in Compiz windows manager, and I need to give a command line to copy the snapshot image file to the clipboard.
assert os.path.exists(f), "file does not exist"
Check out xclip. It allows you to move text, or files to the clipboard from the command line.
[file] as the filename to save the screenshot to.
One last option is to find an X app which just takes a screenshot when clicked (no prompts, dialogue boxes etc), assign it to a hotkey combination and use xdotool to simulate that keypress from the command line??
Now whenever you hit PrintScreen a sreencapture will be taken with an option to copy to clipboard, or just to save the file.
You can use scrot with xclip to take a screenshot and copy it to clipboard.
It will capture whole of your screen and copy the image to clipboard. If you want to capture current window then use -u flag. For selection of particular area, you can add -s flag. See $ man scrot for more options.
As I read in other comments, you need it for copying a screenshot to the clipboard. I hope this answers your question.
You can set keyboard shortcuts/keybindings according to your current Desktop Environment/window manager.
It's being used as the file name. These are called format specifiers. They are of two type: starting with % or $.
%F Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format).
%T The time in 24-hour notation (%H:%M:%S).
%F_%T_ will print something like: 2018-06-17_02:52:19_ i.e. your current timestamp. You can customize the format as per your requirements. See $ man strftime for more help.
$wx$h are part of the scrot's internal specifiers.
So the final file name will look something like 2018-06-17_02:52:19_1365x384.png.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged ubuntu images clipboard compiz or ask your own question.
Is is possible to copy binary data containing a NUL character to the X clipboard?
Screenshot will not copy to clipboard in Ubuntu 14.04 Unity desktop. How can I fix this? | 2019-04-22T22:33:30 | https://superuser.com/questions/199285/how-to-copy-image-to-clipboard-to-paste-to-another-application | [
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Do you ever find yourself getting sucked into one of those reality TV shows where participants are taken from the fashion victim to a fashionista or have a lifestyle makeover to get healthy and fit?
Their wardrobes and lifestyle are evaluated, they are given a consultation for their body type and either assigned styling guidelines or an exercise program to get them back on track, all in an effort to be the best version of themselves.
It also provides cost estimates and assigns priorities for improvements or deferred maintenance. This in-depth report allows our clients to evaluate the possibilities of renovation, demolition, disposal or purchase of their building(s).
Schemmer’s architecture, mechanical, electrical and civil departments are using FACILITATE in the field. They have been involved with more than 40 space utilization assessments and concept development projects in 18 states, at more than 145 locations.
Our professionals input data using a tablet or phone on-site and in real time, quickly compiling the information for analysis and reporting. Recent software updates have also provided our staff the ability to also produce historical building and field reports.
The days of juggling building information between multiple programs like Microsoft Word, Excel and Access are over. | 2019-04-26T12:43:59 | https://www.schemmer.com/evaluating-buildings-conditions-facilitate/ | [
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'DAMN's three week reign has come to an end.
Kendrick Lamar is facing some competition in album sales thanks to Maryland rapper Logic. The 27-year-old spitter released his third studio album Everybody on May 5 and it just hit No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart, dethroning Kendrick’s DAMN. With 247,000 equivalent album units sold, Everybody becomes Logic’s first chart-topping album.
After three weeks on the top of the chart, DAMN falls to No. 3 this week with Chris Stapleton’s From a Room: Volume 1 reaching No. 2. The Billboard 200 chart ranks albums in the U.S. based on traditional albums sales, track equivalent albums (TEA), and streaming equivalent albums (SEA). In traditional album sales, Logic’s album sold 196,000.
Everybody is the rapper’s third top ten album. His debut album Under Pressure was met with critical acclaim when it was released in 2014 and peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard 200 chart. Everybody gave Logic his best sells week ever, surpassing his previous record of 118,000 sold by his sophomore release The Incredible True Story.
Logic is set to go on tour with Joey Bada$$ and Big Lenbo this summer. You can check out more info here and be sure to cop or listen to his chart-topping release on your favorite streaming service. | 2019-04-21T11:24:29 | https://globalgrind.cassiuslife.com/4226048/this-rapper-just-knocked-kendrick-lamar-off-the-top-of-the-charts/ | [
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I am strongly in favor of protecting the human, economic and environmental values of our desert communities. Therefore I support a Renewable Energy and Conservation Element of the General Plan that restricts utility-scale renewable energy projects to the five severely degraded areas identified by the Board of Supervisors in its February 2016 Resolution to the BLM: Amboy, El Mirage, Hinkley, Kramer Junction, and Trona.
I’m also concerned about reports that California energy producers are paying Arizona to take our renewable energy surpluses. In other words, our taxes are used to create these projects, our bills go up because the energy from these projects is more expensive, and then we are charged extra so that Arizona can get free energy. Clearly, we don’t need any more expensive, inefficient, wasteful “renewable energy” projects.
Your vote to protect our county’s precious resources and people will be greatly appreciated and long remembered. | 2019-04-24T11:53:24 | https://www.gregraven.us/2017/07/ban-all-utility-scale-renewable-energy-projects/ | [
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We keep your personal information private and secure. When you make a purchase from Legend Engraving, you provide your name, email address, credit card information, address, phone number and a password. We use this information to process your order(s), to keep you updated on your purchases and to personalize your shopping experience. | 2019-04-22T08:38:11 | http://www.legendengraving.com/Privacy_df_1.html | [
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Are your goals S.M.A.R.T.? | Start the New Year Right!
When I discovered this, a few years ago, it changed my life! Up to that point I was simply writing down “what I want” and, I must admit, suffered from a lot of “vague” goals like, “make more money”, “exercise more”… and, well, I was barely reaching any of my goals. Then I found the S.M.A.R.T. method and I looked over my goals from the past and realized that those goals I “got” were ones that “accidentally” met the S.M.A.R.T criteria.
While that famous Harvard study about written goals has been debunked, I DO find that writing out your goals adds an incredible sense of power and commitment to the process. Write down your goals and then review them often! Nothing is more exciting than “checking off” of your list a goal that you’ve achieved!
So how do you create a S.M.A.R.T. goal?
Specific – Take a look at these two goals: “I want to lose weight” or “I want to lose 35lbs by June 15th”. As you read them, which elicits an emotional response in you? Does the “I want to lose weight” do anything for you? or is it too vague, too uncommitted? On the other hand, as you read “I want to lose 35lbs by June 15th” chances are you feel a bit motivated. You are able to create a picture of your goal achieved and you may even feel the excitement of feeling 35lbs lighter in your body. You want it.
Measureable – The question to ask yourself here is “How will I know when I have achieved this goal”. How will you feel, what, specifically will have changed? Is it a number on the scale? A specific number in your paycheck? Your first online sale? Holding the keys to your new home or car?
Attainable – Is this goal realistic? A great goal is JUST out of reach. Now that does not mean you can’t have a vision of something much grander, but as you look at that grand vision, create stepping stones to get there- in the form of smaller, realistic goals to reach for.
Attainable also means it is something that YOU are in charge of. Setting a goal to put a new roof on the house by July 10th -when your spouse insists they do it themselves and they don’t seem too interested in doing it – makes the attainability of this goal less likely. Keep your goals within your power.
Relevant – This is an area where I work very closely with my clients. There is a lot involved in this process, but the short answer here is: Ask yourself how does this goal fit in to your life? For example if it’s important for you be a parent who attends almost every one of your child’s sports games, plays, school events, etc, does a goal of making $600,000 a year as an on the road sales rep or a goal to become a Broadway actor fit into your overall vision for your life? A lot of subtleties come in to play with Relevancy, at the very least look at each goal from that broader life view.
Time-Bound – this is what they call “a goal with a deadline”. If you don’t set an “end” date, a date that you plan to have a goal by, it’s easy to just take your time getting there, or cast the goal aside when the going gets a bit rough. If you’re goal is worded something like this “Someday I’ll…” then you’re setting yourself up for a long road to the goal.
Use this criteria to create some great goals. Goals that are clear and motivating. You can also check out my article Goals vs Vision vs Resolutions…it matters for more details.
Using the S.M.A.R.T. method create 3-5 goals within each category.
Write these goals down in a simple sentence. Remember to include specifics and a “achieve by” date. | 2019-04-25T10:16:07 | https://startthenewyearright.com/13178-2/ | [
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I have the color scheme of SE set to "dark" and my coding windows and preview window are the way I like them. But the 'defs/projects/class/symbols' and 'file open' windows I have docked on the left side are white. I'd like to try to change them to a dark scheme as well. I was unable to find any color settings for those windows. Is this possible to do?
Thank you! Explains why a search on 'color' didn't find that.
"color" should match if you have "(x) Search Descriptions" enabled in the Options dialog.
I'm going to tweak this for the next release, so that "color" is an alternate keyword for Application Theme. | 2019-04-25T17:00:42 | https://community.slickedit.com/index.php/topic,16100.0.html?PHPSESSID=a834gd9a1h9q4pq9mj540fpti3 | [
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The Cygnus Performance Stage 1 Steering Kit consists of Super Pro Steering Rack Bushings and a Cusco Steering Rack Power Brace. Both of these parts replace the OEM pieces and both prevent unwanted movement in the steering rack. If you want a better steering feel out of your WRX or STi this is a great place to start. If you don't replace these parts other handling mods will only magnify the unwanted movement that these parts prevent. If you have any questions about the parts we will be here to help before and after the sale. Both parts are Cygnus Performance tested and approved. | 2019-04-20T02:28:33 | http://cygnusperformance.com/cart.php?target=product&sns_mode=featured_product&product_id=1671&category_id=392 | [
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Every Christmas my family and I have a tradition of being together at home, visiting relatives on Whidbey Island, and family bonding by playing games, watching Christmas movies, giving gifts, etc. But this Christmas was different.
Breaking away from my typical Christmas traditions of being home in the Seattle area for Christmas, I flew to Lexington, Kentucky the week leading up to Christmas with my boyfriend to spend Christmas with his family.
Being a girl who loves to travel and see new places, I was so excited to spend my favorite holiday doing one of my favorite things. I had never been to Kentucky before and had no idea what to expect. The first thing that came to my mind when I thought of Kentucky was a ton of horses everywhere surrounded by farm land. And while there was a lot of that surrounding the city, I wasn’t expecting the small city, urban life right in the middle of horse land. I found it to be a cute little city that combined farm life in the south with small urban life.
Starting off the trip, my boyfriend and I experienced what felt like one of the longest travel days ever. Going through time changes in different parts of the country, connecting flights, and flight delays it was like being trapped at the airport. Waking up at 2:30 in the morning, flying to Chicago with a time difference, and experiencing airplane trouble prior to boarding our connecting flight to Lexington after our three-hour layover, we were exhausted. It was the longest day. Although I have to admit, flying directly over downtown Chicago on a clear and sunny day had to be the highlight of the day, before stepping off the airplane in negative 7-degree weather.
Spending the next day right, we visited the Kentucky Horse Park that evening for the holiday lights festival, Southern Lights. It was a lot of fun driving through the park with his family and seeing all of the creative holiday lights displays, and then reaching the petting zoo at the end.
The next few days were spent visiting his relatives, watching Christmas movies, and giving gifts. Compared to Seattle, the amount of southern hospitality was so different than what I am used to. Meeting a lot of new people, feeling welcome to join family traditions, and spending the holiday with my boyfriend and his family, spending Christmas in the South is something that was so fun that I’d love to do again.
Being a Kentucky tourist, I was dying to see all of the horse land that surrounded the city. Having an exploration day with my boyfriend and his little brother and sister, it was really cool to drive through country roads to see the pretty scenery and drive by all of the different fancy horse farms and large fenced in properties. We stopped by one horse farm to pet and say hi to one of the horses. I have always loved horses and had so much fun petting the horse, and receiving little horse kisses on my face.
Although the trip was full of fun and good memories, this was probably one of my favorite things about the trip. I couldn’t believe how friendly the horse was and how it loved to be pet and would give little kisses on my face. Such a bittersweet moment, I didn’t want to leave. Can I have my own horse now?
But to continue the fun of the day, we also visited the Keeneland Race Course, home to the famous horse races. I had never seen a professional horse race track. Seeing it for the first time, my mind was blown. It was huge. It was like the combination of so many football fields into one large race track for the horses. It was really cool to see in person.
Ending a perfect day, we all went ice skating in downtown Lexington at Triangle Park. It was perfect. The rink was in the perfect little setting, right downtown, surrounded by holiday lights, a big Christmas tree, large buildings, crowds of people, with my favorite Christmas music playing over the speakers. I had so much fun.
After spending Christmas Eve with his relatives, it was time to head back home to Seattle on Christmas day. Having about four Christmases and having so much fun on vacation, I was sad to leave, but was also looking forward to coming back home to see my family on Christmas day. Spending most of the day on an airplane definitely was not ideal, but with a better travel day than what we had at the beginning of the trip helped a lot, and before we knew it we were already back home.
Spending this Christmas down south was something fun and different than what I have usually done each year and I had so much fun on the trip, I can’t wait to go back and visit Kentucky again soon. | 2019-04-23T12:23:21 | https://justkels.co/2016/12/ | [
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We love the minimalist sketches!
(SPOT.ph) There’s nothing quite like Christmas in the Philippines—twinkling lights and parols on every street corner, huge family-style Noche Buena feasts, carolers going door-to-door. Set in the buzzing, lantern-lit cityscape, Christmas festivities in the Philippines are always a good reminder of why we call this place home. So it’s only right that Starbucks’ new collection of tumblers and mugs celebrates the beauty and rich history of the Philippines.
The You Are Here Holiday Series features famous icons and landmarks from around the Philippines like Manila City Hall and the kalesa. They're sketched in detail on a clean, cream-colored backdrop, with rich, forest-green decals.
The You Are Here Holiday Manila tumbler is exclusively available in Metro Manila and select airport stores while the You Are Here Holiday Philippines tumbler is available in all stores nationwide. You Are Here Cebu and Manila Mugs are exclusively available in Cebu, Metro Manila, and select airport stores. | 2019-04-20T09:11:36 | https://www.spot.ph/shopping/the-latest-shopping/76017/starbucks-holiday-tumblers-2018-a3440-20181212 | [
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How can I connect with qualified tutoring in West Mifflin?
When you or a student in your family faces an academic challenge, the help of a West Mifflin, PA, tutor might be the answer. Our job is to get that tutor set up with you.
Setting up private lessons with a West Mifflin tutor is a breeze. We will provide you with some questions we want to know about to provide the right support. We use that information to build your customized learning plan, which you can use with your tutor to help you reach for your goals. We then search from over 40,000 tutors to find the best possible matches for you. All tutors go through an interview screening and a background check to enter our database.
How can a private West Mifflin, PA, tutor assist students in getting the most out of study sessions?
Are you having trouble keeping up with your classes at the Pittsburgh Institute of Aeronautics? Perhaps you have a child enrolled at West Mifflin Area High School who is struggling to grasp the material covered in their economics class. You can connect to a West Mifflin tutor who can effectively teach to your learning needs. Armed with a personalized learning plan, your tutor can take the time to get to know your interests, learning style, personality, and curriculum.
One-on-one tutoring in West Mifflin can serve as an invaluable resource to allow you the time and attention you need to develop your learning skills. Your tutor can create an environment that is engaging and safe. You can work at your own pace, choose what you want to focus your attention on, and ask questions without fear of reprisal. Private tutoring can help you build confidence in skills by providing ample opportunities for academic success using customized activities and assignments. Your tutor can regularly assess your understanding as you work and adjust their techniques to suit your ever-changing needs. They can help you prepare for any standardized exam, including the ACT, GRE, and LSAT. Your tutor can offer a variety of test-taking strategies that can help you feel confident in your time management skills.
You don't have to struggle to fit tutoring in West Mifflin around your schedule. Your tutor can meet you at your convenience, whether you'd like to meet in person or online.
Don't settle for less than your best! We can connect you with West Mifflin tutors to focus on your needs today!
I attended Buffalo State College to earn my bachelor's degree in early education, focusing on STEM education. I then went on to Canisius College to earn my master's degree in childhood education. As a tutor, I like to connect with my students and get to know them and their needs. This allows me to cater the way I teach to help students learn effectively. I tutor algebra, pre-algebra, elementary school math, middle school math, writing, reading, literature, public speaking, English grammar, study skills and organization, and test preparation. I can also work with gifted students and special needs students. In my free time, I like to exercise, read, hike, and get outdoors.
I love tutoring, and my inspiration comes from the progress my students make. I love it when students realize they like a subject after they understand it better and know how it relates to their daily life. When I work with students, they often have that moment were they light up because they understand something we've been studying. Overall my students have been very successful. I'm attending Niagara University for my undergraduate degree in math. I can tutor students in elementary math, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, advanced calculus, multivariable calculus, AP calculus BC, and physics. I enjoy tutoring calculus because it's a difficult subject and introduces students to new ideas. I enjoy explaining in ways that students can understand and helping them master the subject. I enjoy music very much. I play the saxophone and piano, and I'm in a jazz quintet. I also enjoy sports.
I love tutoring, and I have been doing it since I was 16 years old. It is enjoyable for me to see students make progress and develop an understanding of whatever it is we are studying. I have taken many difficult college courses, so I know what students are going through when they have difficulty with a topic. I also understand what a beneficial it can be to work with someone through the material you are struggling with at your own pace. I love working with kids, but my tutoring experience includes working with everyone from children to adults. There are a lot of expectations on today's students to perform well academically, and that can be difficult for students and parents alike to handle. When I work with a student, I am confident that I will help them improve their understanding and their grades by being patient, dedicated, and focused on their individual needs. My tutoring specialties include neuroscience, English, biology, and math. In my free time, I like to read, exercise, and play with my dog. | 2019-04-19T12:56:56 | https://www.findtutorsnearme.com/city/west-mifflin/ | [
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Locksmith Crosby TX Licensed experts in Car Key Replacement Lockouts, Auto, Residential and Commercial Crosby, TX Locksmith Services call (832) 525-9000. Hirsh Memorial Park located on North Houston Avenues features great park amenities. Built in 1944, this park overs a recreation center, playground equipment, swimming pool, panic areas, basketball courts, tennis courts, and public restrooms. To learn more about the history of Humble, TX visit the Humble Museum, which is located close by. The Museum houses stories, photos, and historical artifacts depicting the vibrant history of Humble, TX.
Is your ignition key broken, damaged, or stuck? Keys 4 Cars can help you with that. With additional services such as emergency locksmith and roadside assistance, we are here for you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Our experts can replace any lost, stolen, or broken key.
Our team of residential locksmiths have several years of experience performing such home services such as recode digital systems, unlock deadbolts, recode digital devices, install deadbolts, replace, repair, or install patio door locks, and recode digital keypads, among others.
If you are experiencing an emergency, Keys 4 Cars is here to assist you. We can help if your keys are lost or you are locked out of your home or business. Or if you would like additional security, we can help you too. We can repair broken locks and remove stuck keys in lock with the safest methods so we don’t do any damage to your door lock system. Our technicians are trained to remain up to date with the latest and safest lock security. We can install deadbolts, master keying systems, and panic bars and exit devices.
Keep our number handy in your cell phone or written down in your wallet for all locksmith issues. We are here to provide with the best possible customer service and highest rated locksmith services in the area. | 2019-04-20T14:10:30 | https://www.keys4cars.us/city-humble-tx.php | [
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The below list is a selected “terminology” for data integrators using “Infomatica”as a tool. These questions and explantions help you understand the complete information about frequently used terms.
agile development – Agile development is a philosophy and a set of modernized software development practices in which development teams focus on software quality and responsiveness to changing business needs.
agile integration – Agile integration is a software development practice that favors short, continuous code releases over longer cycles in an attempt to minimize instability and complexity when releasing software.
agile methodology – There are many specific practices and not all software development teams implement all the practices. However, all agile development teams subscribe to the core tenets, which revolve around short, iterative changes and frequent builds in order to make the development process responsive and adaptive to changing requirements. Agile developers believe that making the customer/business happy is more important than executing a long-range plan. | 2019-04-22T17:22:44 | https://srinimf.com/2016/11/05/top-informatica-terminology-exclusively-used-in-data-integration/ | [
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Are you tired of the clogged drain in your bathroom? Has the sink not been draining at a regular speed? Does your yard flood every time it rains? You may need a Canoga Park plumbing specialist! At Titan Brother’s Plumbing and Rooter Services, we are proud to offer trusted plumbing work to residences and businesses throughout the Canoga Park area, and we may be able to help you, too. We are proud to have 10 years of experience in providing outstanding customer service and speedy plumbing repair.
If you need drain services in Canoga Park, call our experienced plumbers at Titan Brother’s Plumbing and Rooter Services at (818) 435-3776 for a free estimate.
Having a drain that is working properly is essential to ensuring that larger disasters do not happen. If a drain is not flowing, flooding could be imminent. The blockage could be a simple bit of food or other materials that are easy to address or could be a much more significant problem. Having the right plumber can help identify issues with pipes, traps, and fixtures.
When you work with Titan Brother’s Plumbing and Rooter Services, we can determine where the clog is and discuss the best possible way to fix the drainage issue. If you suspect a clogged drain, call our Canoga Park plumbing team right away.
At Titan Brother’s Plumbing and Rooter Services, we are proud to say that our services are always 100% satisfaction guaranteed. We offer free camera inspections to help identify drain issues and use eco-friendly drain cleaning solutions. Our office has a 24/7 response, so no matter the time of day, do not hesitate to call for emergencies.
To schedule a free estimate for drain services in Canoga Park, call our Titan Brother’s Plumbing and Rooter Services at (818) 435-3776. | 2019-04-23T02:24:28 | https://www.titanbrothersplumbing.com/plumbing-services/drains/ | [
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This stunning big girl is 'Bounty', so named because her hand-dyed colours remind us of the delicious blend of toasted coconut and milk chocolate.
Bounty is made entirely from a divine long pile alpaca. Her head and belly are dyed the delicious lighter creamy colouring with a blushed backing, and her limbs, ears and chest are cut from a mottled blend of the same creams with chocolate and grey swirls. She is fully T-pin jointed and stuffed with polyfill and bead shot (glass and steel). We've left her with a bit of a cuddly feel to her belly so you can enjoy holding her. She really is a beautiful tactile experience - if you have not had the chance to experience Alpaca you are in for a treat.
Bounty looks out through large black glass eyes and has a hand embroidered chocolate perle cotton nose. We've also hand embroidered/pulled her claw detailing on both her hands and feet and shaded her with silk-dye.
We couldn't decide which necklace looked better, so Bounty comes with both (both fully removable).
She is a one of a kind bear. | 2019-04-18T18:17:11 | https://furaddiction.myshopify.com/collections/artist-bears/products/bounty-23-large-hand-dyed-alpaca-artist-bear-ooak-by-emmas-bears | [
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Furthermore if you have restricted movement in a given joint your body will automatically compensate for the lack of movement elsewhere leading to secondary injuries. This is the basis of all the dysfunctional movement patterns we end up seeing in our clinics every day.
Gentle joint mobilisation techniques can be applied by our physios to restore normal movement of your stiff, achy joints. In cases where joints are very stiff a manipulation may be required. This is where the joint is carefully positioned by the therapist and gently thrusted to restore full movement. Often the patient will feel or hear a small pop or click as the joint is manipulated. | 2019-04-21T08:11:22 | https://advancedphysiotherapy.co.uk/treatment/joint-mobilisation-manipulation/ | [
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This lovely colorway of hand dyed yarn is inspired by the castle and the icon. Shades of pale, silvery blues with speckles of light blue and gray.
The last photograph shows "Cinderella's Castle" with "Spaceship Earth" both are inspired by my recent trip to Orlando. | 2019-04-18T18:39:42 | https://destinationyarn.com/products/cinderellas-castle | [
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Renewable energy sources, such as wind energy and photovoltaic (PV) energy, are widely used as stand-alone power systems supplying different electrical loads in rural and remote areas. Solar Energy, radiation produced by nuclear fusion reactions deep in the Sun’s core The Sun provides almost all the heat and light Earth receives and therefore sustains every living being. These sources are of intermittent nature and, therefore, the stand alone power systems should include storage battery banks. Therefor the implementation of the battery and the PV system should be done through a charge controller. An efficient charge controller can be used to do the battery charging and discharging process faster and better. The charge controller is designed with a view to decrease the battery charging time, protect the battery from over charge and deep discharge. Photovoltaic solar systems can be divided into two basic categories – On grid (connected to the electrical grid) and off-grid (also stand alone or isolated) solar systems. The grid connected systems feed the electricity produced by solar panels to the grid using an inverter. When the electricity is needed during night or periods with little sunlight, the energy is taken back from grid. In isolated systems, the excess electricity is usually stored in battery during the day and battery is used to power the appliances in times when photovoltaic panels do not produce enough energy. In this field must say that the most important component in the off-grid systems is the charge controller. The main responsibilities of the charge controller are performance and durability functions. Charge controller is also named a solar regulator as it coordinates and regulates the main components of the system which are the PV generator, battery and loads. Usually the voltage of the charge controller is 12/24V and 48V which matches the batteries' voltage. There are two main types of charge controllers: PWM and MPPT. The charging mode is the main difference between the two types. PWM charge controllers use the Pulse-Width-Modulation technique while the MPPT controller uses the Maximum Power Point Tracking technique which gives 30% more energy than the PWM controller. In this project, the PV system will be connected to the Charge controller that will be designed, then the battery will be connected to the charge controller, and the load (in this project will be a DC load) which will be connected to the charge controller also. The charge controller in this case will control the power flow from the PV system to the load and the power flow to and from the battery. Between the PV system and the charge controller will be a solid switches or a contractor, also a switches will be inserted between the charge controller and the battery and between the charge controller and the load, all these switches will be controlled from the micro controller that used in the charge controller, in this project will be Arduino. The aim from this project is to control the PV system through the internet and getting complete information about the battery state and the load power consumption, energy produced from the PV system, Energy saved in the batteries. The charge controller will protect the battery from over charge and deep discharge, if the battery reaches the full state of charge the controller will disconnect the power that comes from the PV cells, and when its charge falls down the controller will reconnect the PV system to the battery. Also when the charge of the battery falls down to the desired value the controller will disconnect the load to protect the battery from deep discharge, if the deep discharge occurs to the lead acid battery, the life time of this battery will be affected directly and it will be damaged. Voltage and current sensors will be inserted between the PV system, the battery, the load and the charge controller, which gives us the ability to deal with the system and controlling it. | 2019-04-22T22:10:09 | https://repository.najah.edu/handle/20.500.11888/13617 | [
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See video portraits from 100% Foreign? here.
100% FOREIGN? adds a new chapter to Denmark’s history by collecting and displaying personal stories from and about Danish citizens with refugee background – stories about being an individual in today’s Denmark.
100% FOREIGN? is a documentary art project, which by end of 2019 will comprise 300 portraits, 300 interviews and 300 voices belonging to 300 statistically selected citizens, who since 1956 have arrived in Denmark as refugees. Behind the project is Metropolis and curator/photographer Maja Nydal Eriksen.
The exhibition 100% FREMMED? with the first 100 portraits from the greater Copenhagen area was created for Metropolis in 2017. It was shown at Copenhagen Town Hall as well as at several outdoor venues in Copenhagen and was visited by more than 100,000 people.
Thanks to support from Nordea-fonden the exhibition is now set to travel to 20 towns across the country in 2018 and 2019. In each town, 10 portraits of local citizens with refugee background are added to the exhibition. Thus, the history of Denmark is updated with alternative and diverse stories.
On its tour around the country, the exhibition is accompanied by some of the people portrayed. They share their stories and lead debates and educational events, all of which add other perspectives and stories to the Danishness debate.
It is becoming increasingly difficult to create a story which is characteristic for Denmark, while at the same time promoting the community. Opinion-makers regularly try to capture Danishness through references to certain kinds of food, leisure activities, historical events and Danish landscapes, but we rarely ask those who are at the centre of the debate what they mean. 100% FREMMED? does exactly that.
Thus, the exhibition presents a number of very different stories about living in today’s Denmark. They show how one’s nationality is just one of many reasons to feel foreign, and they focus on what we have in common across social, cultural and national boundaries.
The people featured in the exhibition have been selected on basis of figures from Statistics Denmark in order to represent the 161,000 people from primarily 29 different countries who have been granted asylum in Denmark during the past 60 years. The oldest participant arrived from Hungary in 1956, and the most recent ones escaped from the civil war in Syria.
The 10 new participants from each town are selected on basis of local statistics. The portraits show the people behind the statistics and they serve to remind us that behind the figures there is an infinite number of fates. The original 100 photos were done with Tivoli as backdrop with Tivoli as a place that connects global and Danish culture.
The 200 new photos will portray the participants in settings characteristic for the 20 towns, often with a cultural/historic influence and connections between the national and the global. For example the Vikingship Museum in Roskilde, the King Christian X Bridge in Sønderborg, and fishermen’s houses in Skagen. In doing so, 100% FREMMED? contributes with a contemporary story about Denmark as a supplement to the traditional depiction of romantic nationalism.
Tour and activities 2018-19 are supported by Nordea-fonden and the individual municipalities and collaborators.
Follow the project on www.100pctfremmed.dk / #100%fremmed? | 2019-04-22T22:21:08 | https://www.metropolis.dk/en/100-foreign-touring-denmark/ | [
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FORGE is a high intensity joint structure and full core strengthening class. This class pushes muscular and connective tissue endurance while providing an intense low impact routine. Utilizing the GTS, TRX bands and your own bodyweight you will strengthen and improve body awareness and coordination. Multiple muscle contraction variants are used; isotonic (same tension), isometric(not moving) and isokinetic (same speed) to help forge a better performing and conditioned body structure. The entire program can be modified and incorporated into any rehabilitation program if desired.
* Contact the gym for more information and class times. | 2019-04-22T00:55:56 | https://www.willowbendfitnessclub.com/featured/f-o-r-g-e/ | [
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Boys & Girls Clubs of Toledo - Meyer Hill Lynch.
The MHL Team was excited that “Barefoot at the Beach” was the 1st Act of Kindness for our 30th anniversary celebration.
One of the largest fundraisers in the Toledo area, Barefoot at the Beach raises critical money to support the Boys & Girls Clubs of Toledo programs for central city Toledo children.
This one-of-a-kind event unfolds on a relaxing summer evening on the beach with over 1,600 attendees enjoying a night of fun, food, and entertainment.
So many wonderful restaurants were represented and the live music was great …. and it was all topped off by a spectacular fireworks show! We’re already looking forward to next year.
For more information about this event and The Boys & Girls Clubs, please visit www.barefootatthebeach.org. | 2019-04-21T21:15:52 | https://www.mhl.com/30-acts-of-kindness/boys-girls-clubs-of-toledo/ | [
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Everton are looking to sign Lokomotiv Moscow star Oumar Niasse in a £13.5mi deal before the January transfer window closes later today, BBC reports.
The 25-year-old is believed to be on the verge of undergoing a medical with the Premier League club as manager Roberto Martinez looks to increase his options in attack.
He already sanctioned the £8.5m sale of Steven Naismith to Norwich City this month, while winger Aiden McGeady is closing in on a loan spell to the Championship.
Niasse is undergoing talks in hopes that he can agree personal terms with the Toffees in order to secure his dream move to the English top flight.
The forward was voted the Russian Premier League’s player of 2015 after managing to register 12 goals from a total of 21 appearances for Lokomotiv.
He was also linked with other clubs in England, but is highly tipped to finalise the terms of his switch to Goodison Park later today. | 2019-04-23T10:53:06 | https://www.footballfancast.com/football-news/everton-in-talks-over-13-5m-deal-to-sign-lokomotiv-moscow-star | [
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Changelly is a platform that provides you with a possibility to convert ETC to NEO in a few clicks. We act as an intermediary between crypto exchanges and users, offering easy and fast swaps of 130+ cryptocurrencies online. And ETC/NEO crypto trade pair is not an exception! Choose these crypto assets at the best rates for a seamless and fastest exchange on Changelly.
Changelly provides its customers with a fast, secure and user-friendly cryptocurrency exchange service. There is only one reasonable fee 0.5% for ETC to NEO exchange along with a standard network fee. Thus, the more favorable rate the user gets, the more Changelly earns. We partner with the best exchanges in the crypto world such as Binance, Poloniex, Bittrex, HitBTC and others that charge us with the lowest ETC/NEO fees. Every second we send a request to each exchange platform with a view of finding the best available rate on the market for your ETC to NEO exchange transaction. | 2019-04-23T03:01:38 | https://changelly.com/exchange/etc/neo | [
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Disney's Adventure land provides quite a lot of attention-grabbing adventures to its guests. You can climb a tree, fly over the wilderness, discover the jungle, sail on the top seas and consult with a tropical island the place birds communicate and sing. So, for those who like to revel in those adventures then be in Adventure land. Except those adventures, you’ll be happy to look the unique atmosphere of the Caribbean.
Book upfront the Adventure land tickets, in order that you want to not stand in an extended queue for tickets. This delusion land of storybook will no doubt caste a spell on you and will make you omit the harsh realities of existence.
The characters like Aladdin, Jasmine, Genie, Peter Pan, Wendy, Captain Hook, Rafiki and different Disney characters will create the complete setting, an ideal dream land. You will newly uncover the childlike thoughts that prevails within you. Thanks to Walt Disney for developing one of these beautiful position in Walt Disney World Resort.
Jungle Cruise, Pirates of the Caribbean, the Magic Carpets of Aladdin, and so forth are the hottest sights in Adventure land.
The theme park Cypress Gardens is situated in Winter Haven, Florida in the United States. The water ski presentations and Southern Belles make this position extra lovely. Numerous exciting rides additionally comprises its nice options.
The Roller Coasters come with Fiesta Express, Triple Hurricane, Galaxy Spin, Star liner, and so on. Apart from Roller Coasters, thrill rides like Power Surge, Yo-Yo, Thunderbolt, and so forth are the hottest rides of the park.
The gorgeous lawn and its exciting rides draw unending vacationer annually. Elements like Southern belles in hoop skirts and water ski presentations have been assimilated into the park, which had best single-handedly trusted the trap of its undeniably manicured, if now not gorgeous botanical gardens.
Walt Disney World tickets will carry your approach the maximum going down occasions of your existence. Your circle of relatives particularly your children will no doubt in finding it glorious to spend time in Disney World.
Previous How to Get Started Writing Children's Books! | 2019-04-20T13:03:27 | http://wpyak.com/adventure-land-tickets-and-cypress-garden-tickets-exclusively-for-the-family-holidays/ | [
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SIBATA Class A, TC Micro Volumetric Flasks meet ASTM E-237 Class A, Style I Specifications. These flasks feature machine-blown bodies and heavy-beaded, heavy-tubing necks, tooled for ST stoppers. The graduation line is sharp and permanent; large, white, block-letters allow the labeling to be easily read. Both sizes feature hexagonal bases for added stability and are supplied with a glass ST stopper. | 2019-04-19T13:20:33 | https://www.veegee.com/collections/glassware/products/volumetric-flasks-micro | [
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Find your shoe size to determine your sock size.
Thank your feet for carrying you through all those miles by slipping them into the Balega Enduro V-Tech Low Cut Running Sock for your next run. These socks do everything they can to help eliminate blisters. Its V-Tech Arch Support System hugs the midfoot keeping it secure while the reinforced, extra-deep heel pocket locks the heel in while leaving your toes with room to move. A seamless toe removes a hot spot and optimal cushioning helps with impact resistance for a softer stride. All together, the Enduro V-Tech offers a comfortable, cushioned ride for your feet as you continue to log miles. | 2019-04-20T17:23:32 | https://www.backcountry.com/balega-enduro-v-tech-low-cut-running-sock-womens | [
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ATTENTION ALL FILMMAKERS AND FILM LOVERS!
TAP-LA is proud to present the 1st Annual Taiwanese American Film Festival on July 8, 2017 at the beautiful Downtown Independent in DTLA! This one-day event will celebrate and showcase new, up and coming Taiwanese American and Taiwanese cinema talent.
The Film Festival will present short films and mediaworks by Taiwanese and Taiwanese American makers. The Festival’s highlights will include an Awards Ceremony and Closing Celebration, an industry panel, and a variety of food and drink vendors plus art and music attractions.
The Festival’s ultimate goal is to create a platform for a growing cinema community and to help emerging filmmakers in their next cinematic venture.
CALL FOR ENTRIES ARE NOW CLOSED.
The Taiwanese American Film Festival recognizes filmmaking achievement through presentation of juried and balloted awards.
Presented to a short film that demonstrates overall excellence in content and cinematic technique. $2500 cash prize towards recipient’s next cinematic production.
Presented to a short film that demonstrates an innovative way to highlight Taiwanese culture and/or issues. $1000 cash prize towards recipient’s next cinematic production.
Presented to an audience favorite film, as chosen by audience ballot from each of the screening blocks. Prizes will be sponsored by announced filmmaking resources – Value $500 for each recipient.
The Taiwanese American Film Festival accepts short films and mediaworks by and/or about Taiwanese with themes involving, but NOT limited to, Taiwanese American and/or Taiwanese diasporic culture, history and experiences.
Currently we are accepting short films, music videos and/or mediaworks under 25 mins in length that have been produced after January 1, 2015. All genres are eligible for consideration.
All awards will be presented at the Awards Ceremony of the Festival.
ALL invited short films and digital submissions will be screened as D-Cinema and will be converted into a Digital Cinema Package (DCP) covered by the Festival.
35mm film, HDCam, Mini DV, Digibeta, Blu-ray, and DVD are not acceptable for exhibition.
Exhibition formats of invited entries must be sent to the Festival to arrive by June 8, 2017.
The Film Festival accepts all entry materials electronically; in an effort to be environmentally responsible, physical DVD screeners are strongly discouraged. Physical submission materials will not be returned.
In U.S. funds, payable to TAIWANESE AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL OF LOS ANGELES.
If your entry is selected for exhibition, The Festival will also request the following optional materials to maximize exposure for your film: posters, postcards, broadcast-quality clip reel, etc.
Invited entries in language(s) other than English MUST be subtitled in English.
The Festival does not pay screening fees. Instead, we choose to invest our resources in producing the best possible showcase for your work, and promoting your work as widely as possible. | 2019-04-23T18:01:07 | https://tapla.org/event-2830265 | [
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If after you opt-in, you change your mind, you may withdraw your consent for us to contact you, for the continued collection, use or disclosure of your information, at anytime, by contacting us at [email protected] or mailing us at: Urban Intellectuals, Inc PO Box 394, Hazel Crest, IL, 60429, United States or requesting we anonymize your personal data (the right to be forgotten) at this link https://store.urbanintellectuals.com/request-user-data/.
Our store is based on the software Woo Commerce, running on the software from wordpress.org hosted on our server which is run by bigscoots.com. They provide us with the store software running on a content management platform that allows us to sell our products and services to you.
Your data is stored through in our internal secure databases. Order details are also passed onto our Email marketing platform which runs on InfusionSoft. They store your data in their database behind a secure system.
We currently use the following third-party services. PayPal, Stripe, InfusionSoft.
We are currently working to fully comply with the new EU GDPR laws which will come into place May 25th 2018. You can learn more about the law, what it entails, your rights and our obligations here.
To request the data we store on our site for you related to your orders please visit this link. You can also use this link to tell us to anonymize your personal data (the right to be forgotten). Requests for this will be acted on within a respectable timeline and your data will be removed from our store and email marketing lists.
Your data is retained for one year. You can see the data by requesting here https://store.urbanintellectuals.com/request-user-data/., once requested you can also request deletion which we will comply with within 1 calendar month.
If you would like to: access, correct, amend or delete any personal information we have about you, register a complaint, or simply want more information contact [email protected] or by mail at Urban Intellectuals, Inc, PO Box 394, Hazel Crest, IL, 60429, United States. | 2019-04-21T22:55:25 | https://store.urbanintellectuals.com/privacy-policy/ | [
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Single and fabulous? Make sure your finances are in top shape as well.
Whether you’re single by choice, readjusting after a break-up or the death of a partner, or maybe you just haven’t found The One yet – you probably agree that single life comes with a lot of personal freedom and flexibility.
It can also bring plenty of financial freedom too, since you may have fewer monetary commitments – and more to spend on yourself. For instance, you might be more likely to spend big on things like overseas adventures or treating yourself to extravagant (but well-deserved) gifts.
But when you’re flying solo, things can end up costing more – so you might have to work harder at budgeting and saving. And because you need to create your own safety net to fall back on in tough times, it’s even more essential to have watertight financial protection for your assets and lifestyle.
That’s why it pays to have a financial plan tailored to your unique lifestyle and goals, so you can live life exactly how you want. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to use your financial freedom to your advantage, so you can build and protect your wealth and get more out of your money. Here are five ways to get your finances into shape.
If you don’t have any kids, your household budget probably looks very different to someone your age who is supporting a family. On the one hand, you’ll have more cash flow to manage your day-to-day expenses, but it can also be easier to give into the temptation to splurge.
household expenses – like groceries, phone and internet charges and utility bills. By making a careful budget and sticking to it, you can enjoy a comfortable lifestyle.
you’re tackling it solo. If you’re like most people, the biggest debt you’ll ever take on is a mortgage – but you may be uncertain about how to save for a deposit and find a lender who will approve you on a single income.
mortgage on your own. To get yourself into the best financial position to take out a home loan, all you need is a sound financial strategy. As a starting point, it helps to prioritise your existing debts like credit cards or personal loans, and pay these down first with an achievable repayment plan.
And when you do buy your dream home, ask your Financial Adviser to help you restructure your finances so you can pay it off sooner without putting a strain on your cash flow.
Being single has many advantages – but your income is even more precious when you’re relying on it for all your financial support. So it’s worth considering what would happen if you became ill or injured and couldn’t work. Would your savings be enough to see you through recovery until you’re back on your feet?
Getting the right insurance cover is essential. Options include income protection, which provides regular payments if you’re unable to work due to sickness or injury for an extended period; Total and Permanent Disablement (TPD) insurance, which pays a lump sum if you become disabled and can’t return to work; and trauma insurance, which covers you against critical illnesses like stroke and cancer.
A Financial Adviser can help you work out how much cover you need to protect yourself and your lifestyle. You might also want to set up a ‘rainy day’ savings account, so you’re prepared for any financial curve balls that are thrown your way.
That’s why it makes sense to grow your retirement savings as much as possible while you’re still working. By making sure you don’t need to rely solely on the Age Pension to fund your retirement, you can get on the path to a comfortable standard of living.
No matter whether you’re just starting out in the workforce or winding down your career, it’s always a good time to invest for your retirement. One way is to add a little extra to your super whenever you can – either by salary sacrificing a portion of your pre-tax salary, or by topping up with personal contributions.
Your Financial Adviser can help you tailor a strategy that will allow you to retire in style without overstretching your finances in the meantime. And when the time comes to leave work behind for good, your Financial Adviser can make sure your retirement savings stretch as far as possible.
When you’re single and living it up, making a Will is probably the last thing on your mind. But it’s still important to think about who you want your assets to go to when you pass away. This is important not just for the assets that automatically form part of your estate, but also the assets that don’t – such as your super or life insurance, where you might be able to nominate which eligible beneficiaries will receive these assets once you pass away.
For instance, you may want to nominate a friend or family member as a beneficiary, or donate your estate to your favourite charity. Otherwise, if you don’t mind who gets your money after you’re gone, you may prefer to put your money towards enjoying your retirement or even travelling in your later years.
Roe Financial can help guide you through your options so you can decide which one feels right for you.
The most important thing is to start planning now – you never know when your estate plan will need to take effect.
1 ASFA Retirement Standard, June quarter 2016. | 2019-04-22T00:03:20 | https://roefinancial.com.au/financial-advice-singles/ | [
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Fulbright New Zealand, IPANZ and the Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy Board invite you to the fourth in a series of public seminars by this year’s six Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellows in Public Policy.
Bruce Vaughn is a Specialist in Asian Affairs at the Congressional Research Service in Flint Hill, Virginia. During Bruce’s Ian Axford Fellowship exchange to New Zealand he has been based at the Ministry of Defence and Victoria University of Wellington, researching shared NZ-US interests in promoting stability in the South Pacific.
Ian Axford (New Zealand) Fellowships in Public Policy are for outstanding mid-career professionals from the United States of America to research, travel and gain practical experience in public policy in New Zealand for seven months, during which time they are hosted at relevant government agencies in Wellington and work towards publishing a policy report. Their reports are launched at a series of seminars, and are subsequently available to download from the Fulbright New Zealand website.
Christian Stearns – Rebuilding Sustainable Communities: Partnerships for Social Housing.
The seminars are jointly presented by Fulbright New Zealand and IPANZ. Tea and coffee will be provided. | 2019-04-21T21:13:15 | https://www.fulbright.org.nz/events/120824-axfordseminar-vaughn/ | [
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The general principles and basic techniques of mechanical engineering are taught in the first and second years. After a solid foundation has been laid, the student is exposed to the application of these principles in specific areas of mechanical engineering through such courses as internal combustion engines, machine design, etc.
The program runs for 8 semesters spread over a normal duration of four (4) years leading to the B.Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering. The program has being reviewed to reflect changing trends in industry, increase the use of computers in all areas of the curriculum, challenge the students to generate practical solutions to real-life problems and make students more results-oriented.
Our students undergo a minimum of fourteen (14) weeks of supervised industrial work experience by the end of the program. This is done during the vacations and is expected to give our students a feel of industry. A minimum of 140 credit hours is required for the undergraduate program, which includes a final year project. Examinations and continuous assessments may take the form of thesis, essays, laboratory work, assignments, written reports and oral examinations and there are laboratories for research and experimentation.
This course gives a practical treatment of control of engineering systems composed of mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid elements. General analytical and design tools for physical systems are developed.
Review of basic concepts and mathematical techniques used in Control Engineering. State-space representation of control systems. Frequency response methods. Stability analysis: Nyquist criterion. Controllability for a system of multiple inputs ,Root-locus System design. Nyquist, Bode and other plots. Gain and Phase margins, proportional control, compensator design Control system design and design specifications. Performance improvement and compensation.
This is an interdisciplinary course which involves mechanical, thermal, electrical and electronics engineering, programming and controls. Topics explored include mechatronics systems control, sensors and actuators, analog and digital control, integration of sensors, actuators and microcomputers including programmable logic controllers, design and programming of microcontroller.
Introduction to instrumentation. Instrument types and their performance characteristics. Analyses of systematic and random errors during measurement processes. Temperature measuring devices: liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, varying resistance methods, thermistors and optical pyrometers. Pressure measuring devices: Bourden tubes and manometers. Force and Torque measuring devices: strain gauge methods, load cells and dynamometers. Flow measurements: Bernoulli’s theorem, orifice plate and venture tube. Signal conditioning and recording.
Free Vibration of single degree of freedom linear systems: Harmonic motion, Vibration System Modelling, Energy methods and Stiffness. Response to Harmonic Excitation: Forced and Base Excitation of Undamped and Damped One-degree-of-freedom Systems, Rotating Unbalance, Coulomb and other forms of damping. General Forced Response: Impulse response functions, response to arbitrary and periodic inputs, transform methods, shock spectrum, Computer simulation of Time response of single degree of freedoms systems using Euler Method. Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Systems: Two-Degree-of-Freedom Undamped Models, Eigenvalues and Natural Frequencies, Systems with More than Two Degrees of Freedom, Systems Viscous Damping, Forced Systems, Lagrange’s Equations. Torsional vibration systems including geared systems. Design for Vibration: Acceptable Levels of Vibration, Vibration Isolation and Suppression, Practical Speeds of Rotating Disc, Optimization. Vibration Testing and Measuring: Measuring instruments and testing.
Distributed-Parameter Systems: Vibration of Strings and Cables, Modes and Natural frequencies, Vibration of Rods and Bars, Bending Vibration of beams. Vibration Testing and Experimental Modal Analysis: Measurement Hardware, Digital Signal Processing, Random Signal Analysis in Testing, Vibration Testing for Endurance and Diagnostics. Introduction to Finite Element Method: Bar, Three-Element bar, Lumped Mass Matrices. Computational Consideration: Influence of Coefficients and Dunkerley’s Formula, Rayleigh’s Method, Matrix Iteration, Computer simulation of Time response of Multi- degree of freedoms systems using Euler Method. Nonlinear Vibration: Single-degree-of-freedom Phase Plots, Equation Linearization, Pendulum, Nonlinear damping and Averaging. Vibration of machine foundations.
Units of measurement (SI) and dimensions, Laws of mechanics, Characteristics of a force, force systems and, Moment of a force, Vector representation of forces, Free-body diagrams, Resultant and Equilibrium of system of coplanar and spatial force systems. Centroid: Determination of centroid from first principle, centroid of composite sections. Structural Analysis: Two-dimensional trusses using the methods of joints and sections; Simple frames and Machines. Friction: Laws of dry friction, angle of friction, problems involving dry friction. Simple Machines: Laws of friction, Definitions and calculations of mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency, self-locking and overhauling in machines, types of simple machine. Kinematics of a Particle: Rectilinear, Rotational and Curvilinear Motions of particles, Dependent and Relative Motion Analysis of Two Particles. Kinetics: Equation of Motion for a system of particles. Work and Energy: Work, Energy, Power, Efficiency, Principle of Conservation of Energy for particles. Impulse and Momentum: Linear impulse and momentum, Conservation of linear momentum for system of particles. Kinetics of a Rigid Body: centre of gravity, mass moment of inertia from first principle, parallel axis theorem, moment of inertia of composite bodies, and radius of gyration. Planar Kinetic Equations of Motion: Translation, rotation about a fixed axis and general planar motion. Impulse and Momentum: Impulse and momentum for rigid bodies. Work and Energy for rigid bodies: Energy equations for rigid bodies, Principle of Conservation of Energy for rigid bodies. Equation of motion of simple harmonic system, calculations involving period, frequency, displacement, velocity and acceleration, equivalent stiffness for springs in series and in parallel, equivalent mass of a spring, energy method.
Fundamental Concepts: Basic terminologies in mechanics, laws of mechanics, Units of measurement (SI) and dimensions, Newton's Laws of Motion. Characteristics of a force, System of Forces, Vector representation of planer (2D) and spatial (3D) forces. Resultant and Equilibrium of coplanar forces: Force Systems, Triangle law of forces, resolution and resultant of forces, moment of a force, Varignon’s theorem, free-Body diagrams and Equilibrium Equations. Structural Analysis: Assumptions, Two-dimensional trusses using the methods of joints and sections, Frames and machines. Friction: Frictional force, laws of dry friction, angle of friction, Problems involving dry friction, rope friction, square-and v-threaded screws, rolling resistances. Simple Machines: Definitions, law of machine, mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, and efficiency, self-locking and overhauling in machines, types of simple machines. Method of Virtual Work: Work done by Forces and moments. Centre of gravity and area moment of inertia: centre of gravity and centroid of a body, determination of centroid from first principle, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, centroid of composite sections, experimental determination of centre of gravity, Resultant of distributed line loads, liquid pressure and flexible cables.
Kinematics of a Particle: Continuous and Erratic Rectilinear Motions, Rotational Motions, Curvilinear Motions including Projectiles, Dependent and Relative Motion Analysis of Two Particles. Kinetics of a Particle: Equation of Motion for a System of Particles. Work and Energy: Work, Energy, Power, Efficiency, principle of Conservation of Energy. Impulse and Momentum: Principle of Linear impulse and momentum, Conservation of linear momentum for system of particles, Impact, Angular momentum, moment of a force and angular moment momentum, principle of angular impulse and momentum. Centre of Gravity and mass moment of inertia: centre of gravity from first principle and composite bodies, mass moment of inertia, radius of gyration, parallel axis theorem, and moment of inertia of composite bodies. Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Planar Kinetic Equations of Motion including Translation, rotation about a fixed axis and general planar motion. Work and Energy for a rigid body: Kinetic energy, work a force and a couple, principle of conservation of energy for rigid bodies. Impulse and Momentum for a rigid body: Linear and angular momentum, principle of impulse and momentum, conservation of momentum, eccentric impact. Rotary balancing: single and multi-planes using graphical and analytical methods.
Fundamentals: Definitions and terminology, degrees of freedom, types of motion, mechanisms and structures, motors and drives. Dynamics of Linkages: Analysis of position, velocity, acceleration and dynamic forces in linkages using both graphical and analytical methods.
Graphical Linkage Synthesis: Introduction to type synthesis, function, path and motion generations, Dimensional synthesis up to three positions including quick-return mechanisms Grashof Condition for four-bar linkage, Inversion, introduction to Coupler and Cognates.
Cam Design and Dynamic Analysis: Cam terminology, single and double dwell cam design, displacement diagrams and polynomial functions, pressure angle and radius of curvature, Practical Design and Manufacturing considerations. Transmission of rotational motion: Gears and gear trains including Epicyclic/Planetary Trains, roller drives, belt drives and Chain drives.
This course is a continuation of ME 262, which is course in dynamics of machinery. It covers: Dynamics of mechanisms and machines in three-dimensions using Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. Balancing of reciprocating masses including linkages, multi-cylinder in-line, radial and V-engines. Vector treatment of laws of dynamics: Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical systems. Fluctuation of energy and speed in machines: crank-effort and turning moment diagrams, flywheels. Inertia forces and torques in mechanisms. Engine Dynamics. Cam Dynamics. Governors. Gyroscopic motion: simple theory of gyroscopic couple, gyroscopic effects in machinery and vehicles, applications of gyroscopes.
Logical synthesis of mechanisms. Freudenstein’s equation. Coordination of Crank velocities. Design of up to six-bar mechanism using algebraic method for a given output function with 4th order approximation. Coupler Curves and Cognates. Motion and Path generation for common link mechanisms. Robert’s theorem. Error estimation in a given synthesis. Optimisation using Chebyscher’s theorem. High speed cam dynamics. Analytical derivation of cam profiles. Introduction to spatial mechanisms.
Introduction to computers. Computer hardware and software. Windows and word processing, Spreadsheet and Graphic presentation. Internet facilities and electronic mail. Introduction to computer programming using FORTRAN, C++, or any available programming language.
Overview of various types of Computer Programming: Structured, Object-Oriented, Graphical and Visual Programming. Structured Programming methods using FORTRAN, C++, Matlab, or any available programming language including visual programming in all cases. Software Engineering: Writing and running programs; Testing and debugging; Compilation and run-time environments Introduction to Databases.
Materials Science: Imperfections and diffusion in solids. Phase diagrams and transformations. The structure of metals and other materials: Properties and processing of engineering materials: Mechanical properties - hardness, ductility, brittleness, toughness, strength etc. Elastic and plastic behaviours. Dislocations and strengthening mechanisms. Thermal properties - Heat capacity, thermal conductivity, expansion and stresses. Mechanical engineering materials. Introduction to ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Introduction to polymers. Introduction to engineering ceramics. Materials selection.
Study of selected materials: alloy steels and cast irons, polymers and composite materials. Heat treatment of steel and cast irons including surface hardening. In-depth study of the most commonly used mechanical engineering materials.
Metalworking: Hot-working processes - hot rolling, hot pressing, forging, extrusion. Cold-working processes - cold rolling, drawing, deep drawing, cold pressing, spinning, powder metallurgy. Casting: sand casting, shell mould casting, centrifugal casting, investment casting, die casting, permanent mould casting. The cast structure. Problems encountered in casting. Casting design. Metallurgical principles of joining metals: welding and microstructure of welds. Inspection and testing of welds. Weldability of specific metals and alloys. Soldering. Metallic corrosion: The mechanism of corrosion - dry and wet corrosion. Stress corrosion, crevice corrosion, impingement corrosion, corrosion fatigue. Corrosion control - Use of inherently corrosion resistant metal or alloy; protection by metallic coatings; protection by oxide coatings; cathodic protection.
The same course is offered for different groups of students in the first semester and second semesters as ME 391 and ME 392, respectively.
Historical perspective; Methods Engineering, Methods and Work study etc. Productivity improvement techniques. Demand forecasting. Inventory management. Facility layout. Materials handling, Maintenance management. Total Quality Management. Human factors in engineering: A series of topics including machine systems, work conditions and ergonomics. Industrial Psychology: Motivation, performance analysis and measurement.
Introduction to management (definition and introduction to the main functions of management). Performance-related emoluments and other incentive systems. Engineering economy. Accounting and cost accounting. Project Management.
Entrepreneurship and free enterprise. Business planning. Product and service concepts for new ventures. Marketing and new venture development. Organising and financing new ventures. Current trends in commerce (Internet commerce, e-commerce, etc.). Business Law/Law of Contract.
The course presents a study of the theory and practice of facilities design: activity and flow analysis, space requirements, layout techniques, material handling, warehousing, location selection, and problem-solving with computer-aided layout techniques. Design projects in plant layout required.
Concepts of random variant generation, Monte Carlo and discrete event simulation will be introduced. Simulation languages are introduced in this course. One general simulation language is taught in depth. The use of simulation modelling in design and improvement of production and service is emphasized. Industrial Engineering design projects will be required. Computer based exercises will be undertaken by students.
Deterministic models of operations research are discussed with special emphasis on linear programming. Topics covered include simplex algorithm, transportation problem. Network flow, dynamic programming, integer programming, multiple criteria and nonlinear programming models. Introduction to the concepts of probabilistic operations research models and solution techniques. Poisson process, Markov chains, queuing models and their applications, decision analysis, inventory models, risk analysis, and project networks.
This course introduces ergonomics and biomechanics concepts. Topics include psychomotor work capabilities, anthropometry, environmental stressors, physical workload, safety, hazard and risk factor identification, work station design, and material handling. Introduction to the elements of cognitive human factors. Human sensation and perception, cognition, information processing, attention, signal detection theory, mental workload, and decision-making. Data collection methods and report writing are emphasized. Lab projects are required.
This course introduces the concepts of demand forecasting, aggregate production planning, inventory control, project planning, line balancing and job scheduling. Students will be expected to work on projects involving enterprise resource planning and supply chain management.
This course introduces the concepts of automation such as programmable controllers and robotics, design for manufacturing and assembly, material selection, flexible manufacturing systems, group technology, just-in-time manufacturing, process planning, and economics of manufacturing. | 2019-04-20T20:12:59 | https://mech.knust.edu.gh/ug/bsc-mechanical-engineering | [
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With funding from an NSF Improvements in Facilities, Communications, and Equipment at Biological Field Stations and Marine Laboratories (FSML) grant, BIOS's infrastructure now includes an Environmental Change Research Facility. Designed to test the effects of multiple anthropogenic stressors on the marine environment, such as temperature, nutrients, CO2, and low O2, the facility includes two environmental chambers with flow-through seawater, a CO2 exposure facility, and an inverted microscope equipped with DIC optics, epifluoresence, and CellSens imaging software.
The environmental chambers have temperature control for a range of 5-30 +/- 0.50C, a programmable thermostat and lights, and access to flow-through seawater, which can be controlled by standalone chiller units for temperature pre-equilibration. Combined these allow for multiple flow-through environments free of the daily fluctuations in external temperature. These chambers are ideal for investigations into the interactive effects of temperature and other stressors, while also providing a temperature-controlled environment for process studies of basic organismal function.
More information about the inverted microscope can be found on the Micropscopy and Image Analysis Facility page.
Current research being conducted in the BIOS ECRF includes this investigation into the physics and ecology of sea butterflies. | 2019-04-21T23:13:18 | http://bios.edu/research/facilities/environmental-change-research-facility/ | [
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Nestled in the clouds on the slopes of Haleakalā with over 55,000 lavender plants, Ali‘i Kula Lavender offers the first and only Lavender Walking Tour. With majestic views of Central and West Maui, over 45 different varieties flourish at the farm and although most lavender blooms in spring and summer, miraculously, many varieties bloom year round here! With the passing of its founder, Ali'i Chang, the legacy of this 2nd generation family farm will be preserved and protected in the hands of his son, Koa Chang (shown on our cover) as AKL Maui perpetuates his vision through education and community projects. Walking Tours are offered five times daily, Cart Tours and Gourmet Lunch Baskets with reservation, and various seasonal workshops are available throughout the year. Famous for their tea and scones, children’s treasure hunt and stunning gallery filled with beautiful lavender-inspired and local products, AKL Maui is a destination for the whole family. Visit today! | 2019-04-19T19:10:06 | http://www.visitorinfohawaii.com/alii-kula-lavender-advertiser | [
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ADOTAS — Internet Week will bring the Internet to life across New York City during Internet Week New York 2014 from May 19-25. The weeklong festival is expected to draw more than 45,000 people to over 250 events taking place both citywide and at the Internet Week New York HQ, the nerve center of the festival at Chelsea’s Metropolitan Pavilion, where speakers like New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, Spike Lee, Zipcar’s Robin Chase, BuzzFeed’s Jonah Peretti, Upworthy’s Peter Koechley, Foursquare’s Dennis Crowley and Orange is the New Black’s Piper Kerman will take to the stage. Passes to the Internet Week New York HQ can be purchased at http://www.internetweekny.com/orders.
To stay on top of all the action leading up to and during #IWNY, follow our live Twitter feed. | 2019-04-20T22:45:46 | http://www.adotas.com/2014/05/iwny-follow-the-live-twitter-feed/ | [
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#Humility is not a door mat. It’s self #love. Self worth does not lie with flees from dogs just as much as a #lion won’t eat grass in an austered jungle.
If you have been blessed by this post; or blog, feel free to show your support here.
Àrèmúorin – Anthony Everest is a Jazz, Soul-R&B Multi Award Winning Indie Singer-Songwriter, Author, Producer. No1, 49+ Weeks, Jazz Charts. | 2019-04-25T10:25:28 | https://mercyfulgrace.blog/testimonials/ | [
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An old and somewhat outdated amusement park up in Nerima, Toshimaen is, surprisingly enough, also one of Tokyo's top spots for hydrangea flower viewing during the rainy season. The blue and purple beauties are especially beautiful on Saturday and Sunday evenings, when they're lit up from 5.30pm onwards (entrance to the park costs only ¥300 after 5pm). Some of the rides are kept open in the evening too, allowing you to admire the flowers from the park's miniature steam train or the antique merry-go-round. And if you're looking to learn more about the hydrangea (and understand Japanese), know that free guided tours of the garden take place on Mondays and Fridays from 2pm. | 2019-04-20T22:50:22 | https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/things-to-do/toshimaen-hydrangea-festival | [
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To investigate the feasibility of the misoprostol-only regimen (0.8 mg vaginally or sublingually every 3 hours versus every 12 hours up to three doses).
Institutional review boards at all participating hospitals and the World Health Organization (WHO) Secretariat Committee on Research on Human Subjects gave ethics approval.
Effectiveness, induction to abortion interval, side effects and acceptability.
Approximate duration of involvement in the study for each subject: first follow-up at 15 days post-treatment, second follow-up (if required) at 42 days, subsequent follow-up as needed.
von Hertzen H, Piaggio G, Huong NT, Arustamyan K, Cabezas E, Gomez M, Khomassuridze A, Shah R, Mittal S, Nair R, Erdenetungalag R, Huong TM, Vy ND, Phuong NT, Tuyet HT, Peregoudov A, , Efficacy of two intervals and two routes of administration of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy: a randomised controlled equivalence trial., Lancet, 2007, 369, 9577, 1938-1946, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60914-3.
Rodriguez MI, Seuc A, Kapp N, von Hertzen H, Huong NT, Wojdyla D, Mittal S, Arustamyan K, Shah R, , Acceptability of misoprostol-only medical termination of pregnancy compared with vacuum aspiration: an international, multicentre trial., BJOG, 2012, 119, 7, 817-823, doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03310.x. | 2019-04-20T08:19:58 | http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10531821?q=&filters=conditionCategory:Pregnancy%20and%20Childbirth,recruitmentCountry:Cuba&sort=relevance&offset=3&totalResults=6&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search | [
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I conduct a variety of tests to determine the nature of hearing loss and balance disorders in adults, infants and children of all ages. Dispense and fit hearing aids and tinnitus maskers based on the test results and on the specific needs of the individual. I work with the individual to develop a treatment plan that takes into account the impact the disability has on the patient. Part of my job is to maintain and repair hearing aids; adjusting then to best suit the individual’s hearing loss. I also refer patients to other specialities eg ENT when their opinion is required.
You need a Graduate degree in Audiology there are no courses currently in Northern Ireland therefore you will need to apply to a University in England, Scotland or Wales.
Despite huge improvements in hearing aid technology in recent years, as an electronic device, a hearing aid falls short of fully restoring natural hearing. Good counselling skills are essential to empower the patients to manage their hearing impairment and to manage their expectations of what the hearing aid can do. This is the most challenging aspect of my role.
As with any healthcare professional you need to be a people person, willing to listen, patient and flexible. Every patient and every hearing loss will have their own unique needs.
Hearing loss can lead to frustration and isolation for many people. In my role I feel that I can make an improvement to the quality of life for many of my patients. Working within an experienced team with like- minded colleagues is invaluable as I am still learning not only from my own experiences but also from theirs. | 2019-04-24T06:09:18 | https://jobs.hscni.net/Employee/Profile/26 | [
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being that it cannot access Windows network resources.
(and password) in order to run Tomcat as such a user-id.
(You can test with your own id).
- when you have such a user-id/password, then go into the "Services"
permission to "run as a service" (it will tell you).
the normal environment of that user.
are accessible by the user-id you are running Tomcat under.
while your Tomcat will not start anymore. | 2019-04-26T14:56:19 | http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/tomcat-users/200812.mbox/%3C493CE568.3030602@ice-sa.com%3E | [
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I think it is accurate to state that the flood story in the bible is both myth and a forgery. It is obviously a myth for reasons too numerous to mention here, but it is also copied from other cultures/religions, thus making it a forgery.
It could very well be a myth. While some scholars believe the story is a myth, National Geographic put together a documentary called “In Search for Noah’s Flood”. They discuss various flood stories, and make the case that a large, localized flood must have influenced these various cultures to write of this flood. While there is no proof of a flood, it seems like a plausible explanation.
I wonder whether there is a sense in which archaeological evidence fits a normal distribution, i.e. the more you dig the more you confirm the norm.
In addition, I think the difficulty of archaeology and the bible concerns the way that the authors and redactors have used contemporary (to them) references, sites and concerns to illustrate the position that they have assumed. Hence trying to unpack how these texts have been assembled will be a major problem in trying to assign archaeological dates or evidence to them.
btw, Ronan Head gives an excellent presentation on Biblical Archaeology.
I learned Biblical Archaeology digging in Israel. I was caught off guard recently when one of the schools I attended (a Baptist and Evangelical school) published a pro-Book of Mormon article! Really! Reading this blog, then that article is like reading opposite worlds collide. Have you heard of a Baptist journal publishing a pro-Book of Mormon article?
I know LDS apologists love parallels, and they’re great at finding them. The next step is to harness the parallel-finding to some rigorous statistical analysis, trying to actually quantify the odds of Joseph Smith coming up with “Nahom” on his own.
The odds of the latter scenario, I’ve just calculated through a proprietary algorithm as 1 in 10.
“In his landmark collection Leaves of Grass, famed poet Walt Whitman wrote of a “strange huge meteor-procession” in such vivid detail that scholars have debated the possible inspiration for decades.
I have links to the articles, but I am not sure how to link in the post, sorry.
I find it very interesting that so much remains to be discovered, and sometimes rediscovered. I am certainly less than convinced by general no-evidence claims.
More compelling than the external evidence for the Book of Mormon is the internal evidence for the Book of Mormon. Finding ancient cultures in the Book of Mormon has been much easier than finding the Book of Mormon in ancient cultures. That is to be expected.
Now the question is whether your proprietary algorithm accurately predicts the odds. What if it is more like 1/100 instead of 1/10? Now it becomes even more impressive.
I think we gamble when we attempt to assign specific numerical likelihoods in this manner. All it will take is one obscure children’s book from Joseph Smith’s immediate culture, one 1820s newspaper article, one heretofore unnoticed Bible dictionary quoting Carsten Niebuhr or those who came after him (describing Nehhm, near Sana, before 1829), and the odds will be shot all to goodness-gracious. I find an average of one fresh and interesting new Mormon parallel source every couple of weeks, and I am only one researcher. The jury is still out.
Steve, a few years ago, Grace for Grace published an article about a Baptist Preacher that believes in the Book of Mormon.
The old world findings are exciting, but the quoted enthusiasm is a bit over stated. The letters NHM were found carved into stone in lower Saudi Arabia near the Red Sea. As I understand it, NHM is thought to be a tribal name, not necessarily a place name. There is a semi-suitable Wadi directly East of where NHM was found as a possible location for Bountiful. That’s it. If fits nicely into our Book of Mormon narrative, but I withhold my enthusiasm until this evidence gains traction in a secular peer reviewed publication. The Book of Mormon, as a secular history, would be the most astounding document is secular American studies ever known if it’s historicity were supported by evidence. Until we see Book of Mormon scholarship accepted by and spread into a secular forum, I withhold my exuberance over perceived evidence.
I also withhold my enthusiasm. The probability of rolling 4 sixes in a game of Yahtzee may be 1/1296, but you have to account for how many rolls you get.
How many rolls do you get to find one that matches the BofM NHM? I can’t really say how many place names there are in the area and time period that would count as a hit.
I think the analogy between the “history” of the BoM and the “history” of the Bible is a little misleading. The Bible is a collection of books written over centuries based on centuries’ old telling of stories passed through oral tradition. It’s not a great leap to acknowledge that (a) it is unlikely these stories represent, or are even supposed to represent actual occurrences and (b) it is likely that there is some historical truth to them and “close” archeological evidence will exist to support he genesis of these stories.
The Book of Mormon, on the other hand, was presented by an individual claiming to have been given the book through supernatural means. One can draw no conclusions as to the veracity of the stories therein without first accepting the claims of the individual.
To illustrate using your example of Sodom vs. Nahom. The evidence indicating a city that my have been Sodom is easier to digest because no one questions that this story was indeed told for centuries and was indeed written down by someone. That there may be some truth to the story is highly believable, even likely. Nahom, on the other hand, would need far more evidence to a non-believer. In the case of Sodom, the bible is evidence (not necessarily high quality, but evidence nonetheless) of the potential for such a city to exist – so when you add archeological evidence, you increase the likelihood of existence.
Without belief in JS Jr first, the fact that the BoM discusses a city named Nahom offers no objective evidence of its existence – so any archeological evidence would have to stand on its own.
I love your posts! While I am interested in BoM archaeology, it is lower on my priority lists right now. Since I stopped viewing everything through the “BoM is historical” lens, I think it’s pretty hard to convince anyone (non-believer) that the BoM is historical via archaeology. I think it relies very heavily on apologist enthusiasm and fun hypothetical statistics that impress.
However, I do want to mention what I think is a problem (though I confess I have not read much into BoM archaeology). It seems to me that most of the work done in BoM and Biblical archaeology is done by believers (since they believe they’ll find something). How many “impartial” archaeologists for the BoM or the Bible are there? 1, 2, 10 maybe? Does that mean anything? I think it does. But what would we expect from archaeologists who have an unquestioning loyalty to their goal of proving their book? I don’t want to cast doubt on all the good scientific work done by the likes of John Sorenson, I just think there needs to be more divested scholarship looking at the issues and evidence.
chicken, one issue I have with you comment is the fact that sodom was around 3000 years ago. if we wait another 3000 years, then the bom may seem plausible as well based strictly on the fact that we have been telling stories about lehi and laman for 3000 years.
jmb, when I look at biblical archaeology, there are no ‘unbiased’ archaeologists (just like the bom). I really like william dever of the university of arizona because he seems pretty unbiased to me, but even he allows that the story of samson could be based in fact because of a philistine vase that shows a man standing between 2 pillars. it could represent the fantastic story of samson collapsing a philistine temple. yet I think most scholars question whether a person could really collapse a building. the story bears more resemblance to hercules than fact, yet there are some biblical apologists that say the story could be plausible.
I think that mormons are so used to defending the bom, that we aren’t even aware of similar criticisms about the bible. after all, evangelicals aren’t going to volunteer unflattering info about the bible, and it is easy for both mormons and evangelicals to write off atheists.
… Dr. John Clark of the New World Archaeological Foundation has compiled a list of sixty items mentioned in the Book of Mormon. The list includes items such as “steel swords,” “barley,” “cement,” “thrones,” and literacy. In 1842, only eight (or 13.3%) of those sixty items were confirmed by archaeological evidence. Thus, in the mid-nineteenth century, archaeology provided little support for the claims made by the Book of Mormon. In fact, the Book of Mormon text ran counter to both expert and popular ideas about ancient America in the early 1800s.
As the efforts of archaeology have shed light on the ancient New World, we find in 2005 that forty-five of those sixty items (75%) have been confirmed. Thirty-five of the items (58%) have been definitively confirmed by archaeological evidence and ten items (17%) have received possible—tentative, yet not fully verified—confirmation.
That’s a decent trend line.
Essentially, the best available evidence is never perfect evidence, it is merely “best available.” When scholars and scientists mistake “best” evidence for “perfect” evidence they overstate their own knowledge in a kind of hubris, not seeing what they don’t know, and giving too much weight for what they think they do know. (Rhetorially) Just ask “experts” in geocentric astronomy, biologic spontaneous generation, or phrenology.
It’s not that Sodom has been talked about – its about the chicken and the egg. What I mean is, Bible stories were stories passed down for generations and then written down. The discussions about the BoM are not a result of stories and experiences, they are a result of an individual writing the stories down first, beginning a discussion. Under the former, the experiences and stories beget a writing evidencing the experiences and stories, under the latter, a writing begat stories, evidencing only what we choose to believe.
n, thanks for your comment. I think it well illustrates the idea that ‘the more you dig, the more you find.’ there are far too many that seem to have closed the book on future discoveries, and think that the current lack of evidence is evidence of lack.
chicken, I agree that this is a bit of a chicken or egg argument. but I think the main concept remains. can a bible or bom believer convince a non-bible/bom believer that his position is correct (and vice versa)? I think the answer is ‘no.’ bible and bom believers have a supposition of historicity. non believers have a supposition of non historicity. therin lies a problem-conflicting assumptions. I don’t know of a way around that. for example, if you believe noah’s flood is a myth, is there any amount of evidence that can change your mind?
The 1/10 odds were of the alternative scenario I hypothesized (Joseph Smith uses a variant on the known-to-him Semitic name name “Nahum” (“comforter”), whose meaning he reasonably could have learned from his Bible-infused culture, in connection with an event — the death of a beloved family member — where comfort is typically sought. The “proprietary algorithm” consists of me pulling the number out of a hat.
Re: Peterson’s description of the “exact name” of Nahom and the “exact place,” we don’t have either. We have three letters — NHM — which may “Nahom”, or it may be Nihm or Nahm or Nuhum or any other variation. Not quite “exact.” As for “exact place,” we have — southern Arabia. A big bulls-eye, especially given Lehi’s party’s literally years of wandering.
So: What are the odds of a Semitic placename existing somewhere in the Semitic-occupied territory in which Joseph Smith set the Book of Mormon, that has some potential similarity to a placename that might be invented by someone who was trying to invent Semitic-sounding placenames, with the Bible and potentially Biblical commentary or others’ knowledge as a reference?
If “NHM” is evidence that the Book of Mormon is a record of activities in the Old World, because of a passable resemblance of a Book of Mormon placename to an Old World placename, then why is not the Hill Onidah (cf. “Oneida,” a New York State Indian tribe) evidence that it is the product of contemporary upstate New York? As long as we’re calculating odds, what are the chances of an Indian tribe in Joseph’s neighborhood sharing a name with a place in (presumably) Mesoamerica? I’m not aware of any connection between the Iroquoian language group and any of the Mesoamerican language families.
If “NHM” is the crown jewel of apologetics, that’s not a good sign.
I’d like to see the definition of “confirmed” used here. I’ve seen apologists get excited about a Mesoamerican quarry of ochre (a reddish iron-containing pigment), as if it helped confirm the Book of Mormon’s reference to use of iron and steel metal. There’s a fair gap between a bunch of half-naked tribesmen smearing reddish ochre on their faces, and a blacksmith making a steel sword.
MH – I think you are talking apples and oranges. Everyone “believes” in the Bible – ie. that the Bible is a series of writings complied over centuries about the faith journey of multiple people over that time. Some of taken this to the extreme and view that, through divine intervention, the Bible is literally the Word of God and miraculous historical, others don’t. But no one disputes the history of the Book itself and how it was written and compiled.
The BoM, on the other hand, is the opposite. This a book where even the most ardent believer acknowledges that it was a newly found document claiming to be written by particular individuals of particular historial facts. If you believe JS Jr’s story, then you can start comparing the tales of the BoM with the tales of the Bible and applying archeological and historical references. But that’s a big leap. Most of us will deny the divinity of any religious tome not of our own religion (ie. most Christians don’t believe in the divinity of Muhammed notwithstanding a perfectly good book attesting to that fact).
What you are noting is that one cannot convince someone else of something supernatural if they do not believe. I agree. But the very existence of the BoM “relies” on the supernatural event. Not so with the Bible. As such, if archeological evidence suggests, even peripherally, the existence of the city of Sodom – even a skeptic may say “sure, maybe such a city did exist, that would explain the oral tradition involving the city that was recorded by ancient people.” But if you have archeological evidence that suggests the city of Nahom exists, most objective observers would assume their was an alternatiev explanation, as there is no long-standing and multi-generational historical tradition, merely a book that is admittedly in existence by supernatural means.
Sure. A worldwide flood layer dated prior to 2000 BC. It doesn’t exist. Although absence of evidence is not always evidence of absence, where evidence should reasonably likely have been left, then yes, absence of evidence that ought to be there is evidence of absence.
Alternatively, you could present geological evidence that the continents were virtually flat in antediluvian times, and Mt. Ararat was a molehill, such that you could possibly have enough water in the atmosphere to raise sea levels enough to actually drown people (as opposed to making the wicked mildly annoyed at sloshing around ankle-deep floodwater for forty days) without having to posit an atmospheric pressure similar to Venus’s, which would have cooked and imploded Noah and his fellows.
So there is evidence that could change my mind re: Noah. It’s just that the best evidence is that we’re extremely unlikely ever to find it, and so the best working hypothesis is that Noah’s flood is a myth.
Well, yes and no. It’s possible, and much argued over, that the Book of Deuteronomy was invented out of whole cloth by religious partisans long after its supposed writing by Moses, similar to how critics of the Book of Mormon suggest Joseph may have done with the Book of Mormon.
Well said. And again, we are talking about evidence of stories withing the Bible, where the BOM itslef (as opposed to its contents) requires substantial evidence of its supernatural origins. So while stories of even some books of the Bible must overcome “the best working hypothesis” it is the BoM itself which, absent extraordinary evidence, will be presumed mythical by non-believers.
This is why archeological “proofs” fall so far short from convincing objective reviewers of the BoM’s authenticity.
D’Anville’s 1751 map of Asia and Niebuhr’s 1771 map of Yemen are the basis for most of the accurate maps of Arabia from 1751 to 1814. With D’Anville’s indisputable reputation for accuracy and with Niebuhr’s firsthand experience and use of scientific instruments, in addition to the difficulty in mapping Arabia, most reputable cartographers relied on D’Anville and Niebhur in publishing maps of Arabia. Bonne, Cary, Darton, and Thomson, however, all seemed to have their own sources for information on Arabia and Nehem.
Not really so, in many instances. To take steel swords, the first example above, they were quite dramatically described in the James Macpherson’s Ossian poems beginning in the mid-1700s (and very widely published and accepted throughout Europe and America). Cement was certainly a part of young Joseph Smith’s world, used to construct the Erie Canal. Another of Dr. Clark’s claims I have seen is his notion that the idea of a King (Benjamin) working with his own hands would have seemed unlikely to someone of Joseph Smith’s time: most certainly not the case. Such things are readily available in the nineteenth century culture, but to know about them, one has to want to find them.
Regarding the easily-accessed names of Naham and Nahum -and many others for the Book of Mormon, the following .pdf document may be of interest to some readers . . .
Chicken #20, “But the very existence of the BoM “relies” on the supernatural event. Not so with the Bible” Yes, Chicken, but there are some very supernatural events–primarily in the Book of Genesis that all rely on supernatural events. Your point that “the Bible is a series of writings complied over centuries about the faith journey of multiple people over that time” will be similar to the Book of Mormon in 3000 years.
Thomas, I think most Biblical apologists assume the flood was a large localized flood, rather than a worldwide flood as I mentioned about the National Geographic special in the OP. Certainly it would be easier to find a localized flood than a worldwide flood. Your point about Deuteronomy is well taken. I’ve been planning to write on that for quite some time, but I haven’t had enough time to research it good enough to put a post together. It’s been called a “pious fraud” just like the Book of Mormon.
Doug, welcome back. It’s been a while, and we’re sparring about Nahom again. If Emma states that Joseph didn’t know there were walls around Jerusalem, how did he have a chance to look at these expensive maps?
Rick, your points are well taken, but my question to Doug applies to you as well.
What about the ark? Pretty skeptical but when this popped up a few months ago, it really startled me.
MH – you’re not understanding me and it’s probably because I’m not being clear. I’m not talking about events recorded in, or stories recounted. Yes the bible contains stories of supernatural, but the telling, collecting and writing of those stories was done by very natural means. The BoM, even if it contained nothing more than recipes would still be more suspect as the actual discovery and writing of the BoM is supernatural.
I can disregard the supernatural stories of the Bible as myth, exagerration, etc. and still believe the Bible is a record of the stories and spiritual journey of the people who wrote it – I may also believe that other stories contain truth.. If I similarly disregard the supernatural with respect to the BoM, then it means JS Jr. is fraudulent. If that is the case, I don’t even get to whether Nahom exists or whether cows can cross the ocean in a clam shell.
There’s one other issue I’d like to weigh in on with regards to archaeology and the BoM and Bible. Suppose you were an independent, impartial observer, and were interested in the historicity of the BoM. You ask where it supposedly took place. You ask where Joseph Smith said it took place. A large group of believing scholars have a whole mess of evidence, statistics, quotes, etc. that go some way in convincing you that it happened somewhere in Central America. But you then learn there is an entirely other crowd of believing scholars who also have a whole mess of evidence, statistics, quotes, etc. that it happened in North America near the Northeast. Now what?
My point is that the apologists themselves do not even have a cohesive cogent argument for a single theory. Rather, there’s a whole mess of theories, even amongst believers. How are we supposed to convince non-members, or doubting members about the historicity of a book when we can’t even agree on the evidence amongst believers? They would have a much better argument if they all backed a single theory. But the fact that there are a myriad theories is evidence that there isn’t that much convincing evidence!
My experience is that most members sort of tacitly believe that the events of the BoM took place in Central America somewhere. They haven’t really investigated, but that’s what they would loosely claim to a non-member. Yet, there is no official church position, no internal agreement among non-believing scholars, or even believing scholars.
ok chicken, I see your distinction, but I must confess that it seems a bit of splitting hairs to me. at least you’re consistent in calling both the bible and bom as myth. quite often, most bible believers are willing to call the bom myth, but bristle at calling the bible myth.
jmb, you points are well taken. it would be nice to have a single, unified theory. but I am not bothered by all the theories, because the brainstorming is a good, necessary process. if we put all our eggs in one basket, we may miss something important.
multiple geography theories are not without precedent. there are at least 13 theories that I am aware of detailing the route of the exodus. there are several locations for mount sinai. my personal belief is that mt sinai is located at jebel-musa in saudi arabia. scholars hotly contest these locations, but nearly everyone agrees that the traditional mt sinai is incorrect.
I think all the bom geography theories are similar to the exodus/sinai debate. I don’t know if you remember my malay post (311 comments), but that theory removes nearly all anachronisms that american theories have. of course it has its own problems as well.
I quite like Chicken’s point. The Bible has more “truth,” as it were (at least to a non-Mormon), from the get-go because it has been with us for years and because it is couched in familiar mythological tales that have been woven into a well known book. So even if you believe it’s all myth, the archeology has a chance of having a shred of truth just because myths generally have some scrap of truth. Hence, it’s not hard to buy into a potential site for Sodom even if the actual facts surrounding the city are not even close to what’s in the OT.
The BoM, OTOH, is not a collection of myths (at least that’s not the claim). It’s origin is supernatural to begin with, not based on myths. It’s not as if Mormon handed down some book or oral tradition to his progenitors who perhaps wrote it down or rewrote it, changed, and/or modified it eventually falling into the hands of JS. No, the entire story begins with an angel and gold plates buried in a hill. There’s a major discontinuity between what allegedly happened with the Nephites and when the book came into existence as we know it. It’s a “new” myth, story, civilization, etc. that originated with Joseph (even if you believe it’s historical, the BoM, as we know it in English, originated with Joseph). So when archeology is presented as evidence it is easy to postulate an alternative explanation as there is no agreed upon mythology about this civilization.
To the independent scholar, to use the BoM as a guide to the civilization in Central America is to concede the supernatural events and belive Joseph Smith. On the contrary, for the Bible archeologists, he/she need not believe the bible to be historical and still find evidence of a city mentioned therein.
Oh, I absolutely agree with you. I’m not personally bothered by the many theories either. I’m just saying that to the non-believer it is hard to make a convincing argument about the historical nature of the BoM (of which we are so sure) when there is not even an internally consistent theory about the historical nature of it.
I am going to disagree with jmb and chicken about the bible not being supernatural in origin. there was no bible prior to moses. he received the original scripture-the 10 commandments by the finger of the lord. surely this is just as fantastic as the gold plates. then they wrote the story of moses life with the plagues etc. then moses had the fantastic story of adam and eve revealed to him.
I did a post about a recent book (published by oxford I believe) asking if moses plagiarized hammurabi’s code. if moses were contemporary and joseph smith were ancient, I think we would have just as many questions about the supernatural events of moses as we do the gold plates.
I agree – but I don’t think it’s splitting hairs. The Bible is NOT a myth – it CONTAINS mythical stories. If you don’t believe in the supernatural at all – you would still beleive the bible exists and contains stories told for ages – but you wouldn’t beleive anything about the BoM.
And this is how it relates to archeology. Archeologists might use the Bible as clues to what archeological finds mean or even evidence to search for archeological items – because the Bible, is in fact, ancient stories and therefore at least theoretically points to ancient places and events – even if oune discounts entirely supernatural claims. But, if one discounts supernatural claims, then one would not use the BoM as evidence of historical fact or relate archeological evidence to BoM claims.
In an unsensitive analogy, if one does not believe in the supernatural in general, or JS Jr’s claims specifically, one would consdier the BoM to be entirely fictional – just like, say the Chronicles of Narnia. If one were to discover through archeological means, an ancient site with 4 thrones and statues of giant lions – one would not consider that this was a an indication that this was Narnia – any more than the finding of a plaque with NHM upon it would indicate the existence of a fictional place.
With the BoM – belief must come first. Everything else hinges upon that. With the Bible, belief is optional – because everyone understands it is a work containing ancient writings – not so with the BoM.
But you’re not suggesting that ALL of the Bible is supernatural in origin? And that’s the difference. The whole of the BoM is in the supernatural-origin camp. Perhaps there was no bible prior to moses, but there were, in fact, numerous myths about deluges, myths about God creating man and woman, etc. Besides, Moses didn’t come down from Mt. Sinai and write about it. There is considerable doubt as to the authorship and chronology of the pentateuch, which COULD mean it is also CONTAINS myth.
I don’t think any of this discredits the archeology or anything. It’s just easy to see why there would be non believing bible archeologists who still try to fit their findings with the Bible (to some degree) and why there would likely be no such non believing BoM archeologists.
Maybe I’m not seeing Chicken’s argument either, I dunno.
Mh – you’re even assuming there was such a person as Moses – he could be made up out of wholecloth. Nontheless, ancients kept record of their spiritual journey. Eventually these were written down and, more recently compiled into the old Testament. Again though, your only talking about particular portions of the bible and, more to the point, particular things IN the Bible. THe Bible itself was not pulled from a tree or dug from the gound. It was compiled from anceint records.
JMB275 – so you think non-believers would consider the archeological find similar to Narnia proof of the historicity of C.S. Lewis’ books? Would you condone further searchers for additional archeological proofs? Of course not – because we know the Narnia books are fiction. Non-believers similarly know the BoM is ficition.
Hmmm, you should read my comments again. I’m agreeing with you.
chicken, I still think you’re looking at this too narrow. the book of mormon is more like the book of genesis than the entire bible. (perhaps we could include the bible up until the time of jeremiah, since the archaeological data prior to david/solomon is scant.
now, assuming that mosos (or perhaps baruch) was the first to write down oral traditions into the bible, then the bible can be considered a collected of myths. there is little, if any proof of biblical archaeology prior to 700 bc (some may push that back to 1100 bc). after 700 bc, we do seem to have some evidence. so the origins of the bible can be considered just as supernatural as the bom.
now the bible post 700 bc is more like the d&c period of mormonism. we can find proof of locations of independence, slc, manti, just as we find jericho, jerusalem, and armageddon. 3000 years from now, archaeologists may confirm slc as a headquarters, and may discover lds and rlds versions of d&c. perhaps they may never discover the garden of eden or the city of zarahemla-perhaps they will find zarahemla in malaysia. bom archaeology is infantile compared to the 3000 years of the bible, or at least the past 2700 years.
Assumes Emma and/or Joseph didn’t make that episode up, in an early effort to bolster the “Joseph was so ignorant, he couldn’t possibly have invented the Book of Mormon himself” argument.
are you saying that emma made it up?
#42 — Emma or Joseph. And yes, most likely. I find it impossible to believe that Joseph Smith, who was clearly familiar with the King James Bible even if it’s not clear when he first read it through, could possibly have overlooked all the biblical references to Jerusalem’s walls.
Alternatively, even if Emma were accurately relating a conversation that actually took place, there’s no reason why Joseph couldn’t have had a gap in his knowledge about Jerusalem’s city infrastructure, and still had access to a map. NHM is a weak reed.
No. The origins of the bible is that people wrote down oral tradition and long-told stories. The origins of the BoM is that a young man claims to have been given the book by an angel. If all Genesis discussed was supernatural fantasy and all the BoM discussed were 100% proven facts, the origin of the former would be natural and the latter would be supernatural.
If one were to disregard the supernatural – one would look at the writings of Genesis and disregard them as fantasy – one would not even look at the BoM as they would disregard it as fantasy ab initio. That’s the difference.
chicken, I still don’t think you’re looking at time here. if the bom was 3000 years ago and genesis was 200 years ago, we would have 3000 years of oral history of the bom. genesis would have no such history, and would be seen just as unreliable as you view the bom today.
I agree that Joseph Smith would not likely have seen the more expensive maps. But here, we must begin to espouse a more sophisticated philosophy of cultural background if we are ever to transcend the somewhat adolescent stage of Mormon historiography whenever it explores parallels. Specific parallel sources (like the above expensive maps) are not so much candidates of particular borrowing, as they are indicators of a general, broad and available culture.
I was somewhat troubled – maybe amused – by a wholly unimaginative approach offered on this topic by S. Kent Brown in his article, “New Light from Arabia on Lehi’s Trail” in Donald W. Parry, Daniel C. Peterson and John W. Welch, eds., Echoes and Evidences of the Book of Mormon. (Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies [FARMS], ), 55-125.
Dr. Brown there reviewed published sources of Joseph Smith’s time that mentioned or discussed the NHM region in southern Arabia, or showed it on maps. He rendered a valuable service by summarizing such works he had located (Brown, 72-75). But since his focus was entirely faith-promoting, calculated to minimize potential significance to Joseph Smith’s environment, Brown became as mathematical as some commenters on the present post here, and suggested that information from pre-1829 sources could not have reached Joseph Smith unless Joseph personally read those actual books –and then only at one of two specified libraries, named in the article, near which Joseph lived when he was a boy or a young man. Dr. Brown went to considerable effort to demonstrate that those libraries did not have Niebuhr’s work (Brown 2002, 69-75).
I will stipulate readily that Joseph Smith probably seldom thought of visiting Dartmouth College’s library when he was ten years old, even though it was only an hour’s walk from home. And, I probably have even less confidence than might Dr. Brown, that Joseph Smith likely spent any time patronizing the Manchester, New York membership lending library. But to ask the wrong questions (or to limit potential sources so) is as bad as to erect a straw man, and it gets us no closer to responsible history than if we were to hide our heads in the sand. As I wrote in my own work . . .
History has given us an “American Prophet” who needs to be explained in terms of divine revelation, rational synthesis, or something in between. It really does not matter whether Joseph Smith actually read any specific manuscript or book, because an entire culture is on display. We are scarcely dealing here with issues of pointed study or conscious borrowing. No single one of these writings was essential to the work of Joseph Smith, and this Bibliographic Source hangs upon no individual concept – upon no particular text. It is, rather, the very existence of the Mormon parallels which these sources display – in such great number, distribution, and uncanny resemblance to the literary, doctrinal and social structures which Joseph formed – which may command our attention.
interesting quote rick. I should check out your book.
it seems to me that we have 2 versions of joseph smith: (1) a dumb guy with a 3rd grade education that translated only by the power of god, or (2)a man with an encyclopedic mind that remembers small details of solomon spaulding’s manuscript, niehbur’s maps, etc. even if we assume that joseph never saw niehbur’s map but simply heard about it, it seems to me that we must say that joseph had a photographic memory to remember all these details, yet miss important facts such as jesus born at jerusalem.
while I am comfortable believing that joseph was no dummy, I am not comfortable believing he had a photographic memory either. it seems to me that if joseph did remember nhm, he must lean toward photographic memory. yet I see real problems with that line of reasoning as well.
There may come a day when the ramblings of some 1990s teenager about life in outer space may appear fantastically prevenient – to future readers who have little understanding of popular culture of an earlier era. That which to us is esoteric data was often common to people of earlier times. And perhaps most importantly, if the burden of discovering all these things devolves upon us, it was never the burden of Joseph Smith. Whatever he saw and liked may have entered his writings. The Arabian place names that never struck him as interesting would not make it into the Book of Mormon.
I still think it’s more likely that Joseph might have used a variant on the Old Testament name “Nahum” (“comforter”) to describe the place where Ishmael died, and his family sought comfort in their mourning, than that Joseph saw “Nehm” on an old map.
The point is that there are plausible naturalistic explanations (we’ve covered at least two here) for the coincidence of “NHM” and “Nahom.” It’s just not the slam-dunk evidence it’s cracked up to be.
but thomas, then it makes joseph smith as a genius like dan brown of da vinci code fame. dan compiled all this religious information into a book, but it took him years to put his book together. joseph smith is doing the same thing in a few months, and doesn’t seem to have the benefits of google like brown does. is it really that plausible that joseph got it all right with egyptian names pahoran and paanchi, while figuring out nhm too? at the same time he makes anachronisms with horses, chariots, and silk. this genius title seems to have some big problems, all while joseph is writing a book of theology.
Many people conclude that, since we haven’t found it all, Joseph Smith could not have found it either, except through revelation. They emphasize Joseph as an educationally-deprived lad chosen to restore the gospel. They add that no one, in fact, could have found the words and power of Mormonism without the help of God. Such a conclusion is convincing to the convinced – fully relevant, satisfying and final – IF one presumes the final product before the fact: supposing, in advance of the process, no possible “correct” development but Mormonism as it finally turned out, as we have known it in its various stages, complete with only the “Mormon” elements discerned or blended successfully out of a vast and confusing world.
If this sounds just right, it is a dangerous back-door defense that falls apart the moment one sees we are dealing with a farm boy whom the twentieth century never knew. Not a genius, but one derived from a culture that was surprisingly rich, varied and available. There was so much there from which to choose, and indeed, as you note (#50), Joseph did not necessarily get it all right.
My last semester at BYU, I took a Shakespeare class for the fun of it. The class consisted of 3 guys and something like 17 women. This being the BYU English department, these women had what passes in Provo for a feminist streak. I was amazed to learn just how many modern feminist themes Will Shakespeare had salted away in his plays.
The point is that people who go looking for useful parallels in a text, will usually find them.
Coincidences are more statistically likely than people might expect; in fact, the more proper names you collect, the more likely there will be a remarkable coincidence between one of them and an utterly unconnected one. Like Onidah/Oneida, for instance, if you want to think Joseph didn’t get the former from the latter. If a culture or a history or a landscape is described broadly enough, there’s plenty of room for people to come in afterwards and identify specific details that fit within the broad scope of the writing.
And no, Joseph wouldn’t have to be a “genius” to use “Nahom/Nahum” for a place of mourning. Mildly clever, at most.
Ignores the fact that the Book of Mormon project was in progress for three whole years, if you count the project start date back when he started work with Martin Harris. The famous “three months” consists of the final draft produced with Oliver Cowdery.
As a comparison. I once wrote the World’s Greatest Revolutionary War screenplay. The project dribbled on in outline form, coming together in my mind and partly on paper, over a period of three years — and then I finally buckled down and wrote out the last 4/5 in the course of two months, while simultaneously working a regular job. I suspect that a person reading it will find some parallels, and also some disparities, between what I wrote, and the history and geography of the Hudson River Valley setting (which I’ve never visited, and did precious little research on). If there are parallels, it won’t mean I was inspired.
When Harold Bloom calls Joseph Smith an “authentic religious genius”, he ascribes to Joseph an almost incomprehensible ability to craft religious history and theology in ways that others cannot. A genius of any kind has a mind that operates in ways that normal people cannot fathom. That is why we call them geniuses. If JS was indeed such a genius, to compare JS to Dan Brown is silly. Not all authors practice their craft in the same way, and almost certainly JS didn’t research and write the book of mormon the way that we might suppose a historical novelist would write a story.
I believe that JS was a religious genius in the same category as Muhammad, Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Jesus, or maybe even someone like Paramahansa Yogananda. These individuals were able to draw upon existing spiritual traditions around them and produce something new and compelling, and which spoke truth to the souls of those who listened to them or read their words. Whether what any of these spiritual geniuses said is, in fact, “truth” cannot be ultimately verified theologically (you cannot prove or disprove God’s existence, for example). In terms of relating historical or scientifically-verifiable facts, all religious genius will fall short because doing so isn’t really the point: these are not individuals who apply the scientific method or modern historical research methodologies to their messages. If we take Jesus’ word, for example, that the mustard seed is the smallest of all seeds, then we have to reclassify all the many thousands (millions?) of other plant seeds that are, in fact, smaller than a mustard seed, or else make Jesus either a liar or an ignoramus. In the end, if you get caught up on whether the seed is in fact the smallest, or whether Jesus really did in fact use a mustard seed as an object lesson (or if someone else writing the story down many decades after which supposed lesson was purported to have taken place just put words in Jesus’ mouth), you miss the message which might actually convey some truth or wisdom that could be beneficial to you in your life: that having just a little bit of faith gets you far in God’s kingdom.
I’m in the camp that can’t really accept NHM as “proof” of Lehi’s existence any more than Joseph Smith’s public denials of polygamy were “proof” that he never entered its practice. Fact is, there are tons of references to names, places, and things in the Book of Mormon that one would expect to be easily corroborated by hundreds of years of collecting artifactual evidence in the Americas, but that are simply not there. Meanwhile, there’s plenty of 19th-century American-Protestant-influenced religious theology packed into the Book of Mormon, forcing the reader who believes in the book’s historicity to accept that ancient peoples 2,600 years ago had advanced understanding of Christian theology and doctrine, even though there exists no evidences of such understanding among any of the world’s contemporary inhabitants of the ancient world, even among the records we have that come from the Jews. Joseph either took extreme liberties with the text of the golden plates, or made huge theological mistakes in his “translation” of them, or else made the whole thing up (possibly with the help of friends and associates). That the Book of Mormon is as cohesive a narrative as it is testifies not to its historical truth, imo, as the religious genius of its creator.
Still, getting caught up in questions of historicity and authenticity really dillutes the power of some of the words written in the Book of Mormon. Just as the Bible contains lots of stories and writings that get largely skipped over because they no longer represent the theological sensibilities of the modern reader, we _can_ pick and choose which portions of the Book of Mormon speak “truth” to our modern souls without getting caught up in the angst of a black-or-white, all-or-nothing dichotomy. I used to think that religion had to be all true or all suspect, but now I’m just happy when I find messages that ring “true” to me, and feel grateful that they actually speak to me among all the other stuff that is out there. That’s a net positive, imo.
Here, here, SteveS (#53). My personal favorite passage in the Book of Mormon is found in modern 2 Nephi 2:25, “Adam fell, that men might be; and men are, that they might have joy.” When asked to write a completely middle-of-the-road introduction to Octavo Corporation’s digitized version of the 1830 Book of Mormon in the 1990s, one of my paragraphs went like this . . .
There were works of equally imposing claim, of course, even in nineteenth-century America, and it would be unproductive to insist that this book is entirely unique. Indeed, much of the Book of Mormon speaks not merely from its own era, but indeed from its own decade and the very counties from which it emerged. This I have verified over the years in hundreds of texts examined and transcribed from the immediate world and culture of Joseph Smith. So when I point out that the Book of Mormon also has its exceptional moments, readers of all persuasions may allow that surprises wait between its leaves.
But to me, coming from a physics background, that is the most interesting part of the Book of Mormon historicity question. I agree with BTC that the belief has to come first before one bothers to ask whether the historicity is worth pursuing (JMB can probably write a Bayesian about how different priors make historicity tests valuable or not!).
But once I have the belief in the Book of Mormon as a motivator, I immediately see, just as BTC does, that you can’t “domesticate” it into a theory of scripture like modern scientific believers have adopted for the Bible. There’s then no separation between the natural and the supernatural that permits the notion of non-overlapping magisteria. The supernatural must be accepted by a believer, or (my preference) the notion of the natural must be expanded so the activity of God in history is in-your-face.
That question is even more important, IMO, than trying to extract individual messages from the scriptures themselves. You make more progress when you can unify theories than when you are dealing with each idea separately. And the differences between revelation (or religious genius) as seen in the BofM and the Bible provide a really good arena for testing more general theories of scripture.
I like your ideas of the pervasiveness of notions in a society as the raw materials for religious genius. But there’s a trap; it’s easier to see the sources of a prophet’s inspiration after the fact. All the materials were present for Einstein to think of relativity well before he did so. There are thousands of people today who understand relativity better than Einstein ever did. But few of those thousands could make the inspirational leap themselves.
“Whether the virtues of parallels outweigh the vices is open to debate. The fact remains that the vices are considerable.
1. Any method of comparison which lists and underscores similarities and suppresses or minimizes differences is necessarily misleading.
2. Parallels are too readily susceptible of manipulation. Superficial resemblances may be made to appear as of the essence.
3. Parallel-hunters do not, as a rule, set out to be truthful and impartial. They are hell-bent on proving a point.
4. Parallel-hunting is predicated on the use of lowest common denominators. Virtually all literature, even the most original, can be reduced to such terms, and thereby shown to be unoriginal. So viewed, Mark Twain’s The Prince and the Pauper plagiarizes Dickens’ David Copperfield. Both deal with England, both describe the slums of London, both see their hero exalted beyond his original station. To regard any two books in this light, however, is to ignore every factor that differentiates one man’s thoughts, reactions and literary expression from another’s.
5. Parallel columns operate piecemeal. They wrench phrases and passages out of context. A product of the imagination is indivisible. It depends on totality of effect. To remove details from their setting is to falsify them.
6. Parallels fail to indicate the proportion which the purportedly borrowed material bears to the sum total of the source, or to the whole of the new work. Without such information a just appraisal is impossible.
7. The practitioners of the technique resort too often to sleight of hand. They employ language, not to record facts or to describe things accurately, but as props in a rhetorical hocus-pocus which, by describing different things in identical words, appears to make them magically alike.
8. A double-column analysis is a dissection. An autopsy will reveal a great deal about a cadaver, but very little about the spirit of the man who once inhabited it.
9. Most parallels rest on the assumption that if two successive things are similar, the second one was copied from the first. This assumption disregards all the other possible causes of similarity.
This isn’t to say, of course, that LDS apologists haven’t engaged in their fair share of the abuse of parallels – but, your mammoth work is not the kind of evidence that you put it forward to be. Parallels themselves are relatively meaningless. They don’t tell us much at all. It is the differences that allow for meaningful and interesting discussion. While some of your parallels are certainly of interest and worth considering, the compilation as a whole is fatally flawed.
I have been absent for quite some time. Thanks for the welcome back!
I really don’t have much to add to the discussion as others have covered what I would have posted even better than I in relation to NHM.
I was told about Nahom while attending a leadership meeting in Japan by Neal H. Maxwell in 1995. He was very excited about the discovery and painted a picture of this place being just recently found and therefore impossible for JS to have known about it. That seemed like a bulls-eye to me as well back then. Imagine my shock in finding out just how long the area has been known and who had written about it and mapped it.
The fact that it was known and written about now makes the argument shift from what he couldn’t have possibly known to what he probably didn’t know as a poor farmer in upstate New York. Even you must admit that’s a much weaker piece of evidence then if NHM had been discovered after the BoM was published.
FireTag: The dilemma you mention applies more to an independently-verified or very widely-accepted theory or system. If we accept Einstein’s theory of relativity, then it may seem like genius to have ferreted it out from all the data in the Universe. But if we think like this about Mormonism, then we are essentially only saying that Mormonism is true because it is true. If we begin with the assumption that Mormonism (at whatever time period we wish to set it, for consideration) is true, then of course Joseph Smith’s task – apart from being inspired – would seem impossible. But Mormonism could have turned out to be almost anything else, as well. As I said in an earlier comment, if the burden of discovery of Joseph’s sources devolves upon us, that burden was never Joseph Smith’s.
Ben McGuire: Your accusations are not really against me, but against some generic description you have espoused. I have more integrity and historical capability than you suggest. My book is a reference work, designed to supply raw data for researchers who need it. The work will stand, and I invite other readers to dig more deeply, and tear into my individual entries, comparing them carefully with similar sources, and exploring the portions I quoted very carefully to see if I twisted any contexts or authors’ original intents.
Chuckle. Of all the time I am sure Ben McGuire spent reading that mammoth volume, I am surprised he (apparently) missed/forgot the title of the book, which very clearly states that it is “A Bibliographic Source.” I for one find the resource to be priceless, and look forward to using it in future projects to come.
This may come as a bit of a shock to you, but in the end I actually hope your right about the BoM and the bible.
I was assuming the starting point of belief in the supernatural (or, in my case, I should say, that nature is dominated at large scales by its personal rather than its impersonal aspects — I think God IS all of reality rather than separate from reality).
The modern scientist, whether physical or social scientist, is trained to the notion that “natural” is the default position. It takes a conceptual leap to change to a notion of seeing the physical and spiritual as a unified whole, or perhaps a conceptual regression to get back to the notion that the spiritual is the important part of reality, even though we are one of the few cultures in history to hold the “modern” view. We don’t look for such a leap unless motivated by something — a religious teaching, a personal experience, or something else. So it takes prophetic genius to make the leap.
It was in this context that I mentioned Einstein. The genius lies in REJECTING the notion of your everyday senses that space and time are a fixed stage and learning to see spacetime as an evolving character in the story itself. It wasn’t verified (or experimentally verifiable) for years afterward, and physicists only began training themselves to conceive of spacetime that way AFTER the verification. Now its obvious that even a bar magnet is a relativistic effect of electricity.
Once motivated, exploring “anamalies” that stand the paradoxes of our belief systems out in the open are the way physical scientists make progress in looking for the right conceptual link — the right “crazy ideas”.
In the Mormon faith, the Bible and the Book of Mormon present a huge anomaly because they each present an incompatible theory of scriptural transmission. There’s an analog in physics for that, too. The twin pillars of modern physics are quantum mechanics and general relativity. They are fundamentally incompatable on a conceptual basis because QM can’t be framed yet on anything but the “space and time as a fixed stage” basis, and unifying them is the biggest prize on the horizon.
Well, I think there’s an underlying assumption here. You’re using the term “spiritual” as it relates to supernatural phenomena CAUSED externally by some force. One can easily view the physical and spiritual as a unified whole and still accept “spiritual” as being what benefits an individual “spiritually.” That is, one need not postulate external mystical CAUSAL relationships to explain spirituality. Nor does this, in my mind, invalidate the spiritual experience. Rather, it is a more honest acknowledgement of the experience. Of course, this distinction leads one nicely to a post-modern view which many find dissatisfying.
I’m merely saying that the modern scientist is trained to reject the view described in the quote. The possibility you describe is CERTAINLY one way of relating the physical to the spiritual. The attraction of such views to the modern is that the “spiritual” is CONTAINED or ISOLATED to the metaphorical or the psychological and potentially subsumable to the modern worldview as our understanding of the arts, the social sciences, or the physical sciences grow. It keeps God in the gaps. It requires no conceptual leap.
Our reality may work that way. The universe may be non-relativistic, too; I am aware of at least two theories that attempt to merge relativity and quantum mechanics by making relativity go away at extremely small length scales. Maybe Einstein’s conceptual leap turns out to be, at best a useful approximation. But we test those fundamental assumptions anyway, because that’s how we learn.
What I am suggesting is that we need to look for new solutions to the problem of unifying the spiritual and physical that do NOT contain the spiritual within the physical any more than they contain the physical within the spiritual.
At the moment I am sitting in my office looking at the cover of a book on my bookshelf, titled “The Gold of Exodus”. It was given to me by an investigator on my mission, so settled down an knocked it on a P-Day. It was about two men, Larry Williams (yes the world famous, yet superstitious investor/advisor, and apparent grave robber) and Bob Cornuke, founder of B.A.S.E. (Biblical Arcaeology & Search Exploration). These two men apparently set on a quest to discover the “true” Mount Sinai sometime either in the 80’s or 90’s, and ended up hiking to the summit of Jabal-al-lawz in Saudia Arabia. Apparently the traditional site for the location is somewhere in Ethiopia.
I would tend to agree that the prevailing sentiment, no doubt influenced by the subtle endorsements via Church media, is the Central American theory. This seems to be the position most widely accepted by those of the F.A.I.R. crowd, but there has been a vehement disagreement between this group and those associated with the theories of a former meat salesman by the name of Rod Meldrum. The evidences sited both groups are so quickly dismissed by the others, that it clearly demonstrates that the evidence is far, far, from conclusive for even those who ultimately share the same position. The same goes for the Bible. Yes, it may have a stronger foothold in antiquity, but it is one thing to say Sodom may have reference to some ancient city, and completely another to say that Lot’s wife was turned into a pillar of salt as they fled.
They main problem with all of this inquiry, is that evidence is fitted to the conclusion. This is true of both Bible and BoM scholars. In order to justify scientifically the parting of the Red Sea, we have theories that suggest that the Israelites had a much greater lead on the Egyptians, and passed through a wadi during conveniently timed moon-tides. Some have suggested that Soddom and Gomorrah lay beneath the Salt Sea, suggesting a metaphor for the whole salt business. At the end of the day however, the evidence of the wadi’s, or the salt content of Old World locations, do not independently lead to conclusions about the stories we teach. Just like NHM – depending on liberal we want to be on proximities, we can eventually find a beach that satisfies expectations of a percieved Bountiful.
It’s not as if Mormon handed down some book or oral tradition to his progenitors who perhaps wrote it down or rewrote it, changed, and/or modified it eventually falling into the hands of JS> — the whole point of my deconstructing the Book of Mormon posts and a number of other analytical approaches to the text involve the fact that Mormon did indeed take various traditions, writings and such and edit/collect/summarize them into a book that he passed on to Joseph Smith, through Mormon’s son Moroni.
Ben McGuire — interesting thoughts, thanks for sharing them.
MH — look forward to your posts.
Some interesting posts here, enjoyed reading the comments.
cowboy, I think we are talking about the same mountain. jebel al-lawz sounds familiar to me. I know that jebel musa literally translates to ‘mount of moses.’ simcha jacobovici put together a documentary on the exodus and he has a location in israel for mount sinai in a restricted military zone. he got into a battle on a blog I read as to why his mount sinai was a better site than the saudi site. it was interesting to view the debate and reminded me of the meldrum-sorensen debates. I think few mormons delve into these biblical debates, but I think there are some really similar debates to book of mormon archaeology debates. | 2019-04-25T19:55:04 | https://www.mormonmatters.org/religious-archaeology-and-evidence/ | [
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All of these Codes are available for purchase at the Customer Service Counter in the Business Development and Permit Center, 3300 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45225. Call 513-352-3271.
For assistance while using these Codes, call the number listed with the Code titles.
This code has been adopted by the City of Cincinnati for one-, two- and three- family dwellings including their accessory structures and up to three attached townhouses less than four stories in height.
It skips the many provisions that apply to non-residential buildings, making it easy to read. The chapters are arranged in a logical construction sequence, starting with the building planning. Along with the usual building restrictions, it contains the applicable parts of the Mechanical Code.
This code applies to construction and/or alterations of non-residential buildings and residences not governed by the Residential Code of Ohio.
This code applies to all commercial heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, incineration, air pollution control and similar work not governed by the Residential Code of Ohio.
This code applies to all plumbing work.
Call with questions about electrical work.
This Code is a collection of 19 local regulations, laws and ordinances that supplements the Residential Code of Ohio, the Ohio Building Code, the Ohio Mechanical Code and the Ohio Plumbing Code.
It also includes local regulations regarding construction in the flood plain (Chapter 1109) and excavation and fill requirements (Chapter 1113).
Chapter 1115 adopts the RCO One-, Two-, and Three Family Dwelling Code.
Chapter 1117 (Housing Code) regulates all existing residential buildings.
Chapter 1107 provides local enforcement of the ASME Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators and related regulations.
Chapter 1121 provides Historic Rehabilitation Standards.
This Code section relates to the use and maintenance of existing residential buildings, portions thereof or premises used or intended to be used for human habitation. All provisions of the Housing Code are retroactive and apply to all existing dwellings.
The purpose of this Code section is to establish minimum housing standards necessary for the preservation of the public safety, health and general welfare in all existing residential buildings, rooming houses, hotels and motels, except to the extent that it may be in conflict with the laws of this State or with the lawful regulations of any State Board Agency.
This standard applies to historically designated buildings containing residential business and retail uses that are five stories in height or less, 4,000 square feet in area, of Type IIIB construction, or better, with each floor having two means of egress. This standard allows most sound existing walls and ceilings to remain in lieu of upgrading the fire resistive ratings to new Code Standards. This is especially applicable to changes of use and occupancy situations.
The Cincinnati Zoning Code regulates the use and development of land and is designed to protect property values by preventing the location of incompatible uses in close proximity to one another. Zoning regulations also help to maintain the character of established neighborhoods and prevent inappropriate activities such as auto repair in residential neighborhoods.
The Zoning Code governs land use in historic districts, hillsides and certain urban business areas. It regulates development to avoid parking congestion and promotes effective signage compatible with its surroundings. This Code is generally arranged in a sequence of more restrictive Zoning districts to less restrictive Zoning districts.
Example No. 1: John Q. and Susan J. Public purchase a three-story building in Over-the-Rhine. The last use of this building was business on the first floor and storage in the basement and the upper floors.
They wish to turn the building into a 12-unit building (four units on each floor) with a Laundromat and storage in the basement.
Because this work will involve a change of use, many sections of the OBC will apply, as well as applicable provisions of the Housing Code. Note: OBC Chapter 34 has alternative compliance provisions for building constructed prior to July 1, 1979. If the building is designated historic, then CBC Chapter 1121 would apply thereby mitigating the fire resistance upgrades required by the OBC.
Example No. 2: Mr. Smith wishes to convert his three-story, two-family on Liberty Hill into condominiums. He wishes to make them more desirable by adding a room and deck to each floor to better market the view of the city. He must comply with the RCO Code as well as the Housing Code since he has only two dwelling units.
Example No. 3: Ms. Jones owns a four-story, two-family building in the West End. She wishes to renovate the building and turn it into a four-family. Because of the number of units and floors, the provisions of the OBC and pertinent sections of the Housing Code must be met. If the building is designated historic, then CBC Chapter 1121 would apply thereby mitigating the fire resistance upgrades required by the OBC.
Example No. 4: An organization wants to renovate a problem, vacant four-story, 12-unit apartment building. As part of the renovation, a number of units would be converted into efficiency units and a number of units combined into three- and four-bedroom units.
The OBC would govern any new construction such as unit separation walls, which are typically required to be rated for one-hour fire resistance. Any new room arrangements are required to comply with new code standards with respect to size, access and privacy and light and ventilation. Even though no changes are anticipated outside of the units, the exits and fire rating of the common stair hall need to comply with the Housing Code.
Other typical existing conditions that need to be evaluated for compliance with the Housing Code and shown on the construction plans are the existing room sizes, natural light and ventilation for existing habitable rooms, access to toilet rooms and requirements for habitable rooms below grade.
Other areas that need to be addressed are indicated on any orders that have been written on the building.
If the building is designated historic, then CBC Chapter 1121 would apply thereby mitigating the fire resistance upgrades required by the OBC.
The State of Ohio has adopted the 2013 version of the Residential Code of Ohio (RCO). Consequently, some of the City’s handouts and brochures are in the process of being updated by City staff. Please call 513 352-3313 if you have questions or need clarifications about any handout at our website.
The Permit Application forms are created as PDFs that are optimized for printing directly from your browser.
Each permit application can be printed and faxed or hand-delivered to 3300 Central Pkwy., Cincinnati, Ohio, 45225. After inserting your specific information on the application and printing it, fax or hand-deliver the application to the appropriate location. If you need assistance completing the applications, contact 513-352-3271.
These fees are not applicable to all plumbing and HVAC Repair/Replace Application not requiring plans.
A special Walk-Through service is available for reviewing applications for Building Permits related to small- and medium-sized tenant improvements, including signs, awnings, tents, fences and roofing work, and residential alterations and additions including decks, retaining walls, fences and roofing work.
Projects are reviewed on a first-come, first-served basis.
The cost for this service is $79 (1,2,3 family) and $441 (multi-family/commercial). These fees are in addition to the regular permit fees.
Businesses in the State of Ohio typically must register with the Federal Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and with the Ohio Department of Taxation. Many businesses must register as a legal entity with the State of Ohio. In addition, employers must follow the requirements of the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation and Ohio Department of Job and Family Services. Lastly, there are State of Ohio licensing/permitting requirements specific to certain types of businesses. More information about all of the above can be found at: http://business.ohio.gov/.
Businesses must apply to the Hamilton County Auditor for a Vendors License, which authorizes a business to make taxable sales and collect sales tax. More information can be found at: http://www.hamiltoncountyauditor.org/vendors.asp.
The following are the most common business types that require additional licensing from the City of Cincinnati; however please note that this list may not be comprehensive.
New construction or substantial alteration of existing building.
Permit required for any building alterations; restaurant operations must also comply with Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) regulations.
Registration required for contractors (construction, HVAC, plumbing, electrical, etc.). | 2019-04-20T07:16:47 | https://www.buildingrecords.us/municipalities/oh/cincinnati | [
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This challenging Animal Management HNC course provides a good foundation for those students who have a real passion for working with animals, aiming to prepare participants for employment at supervisory level jobs within the industry. The qualification prepares you for employment allowing for the expansion of knowledge, understanding and practical skills essential for success in working life. This HNC course is also well suited for those who currently work in the industry and would like to further develop their skills, knowledge and understanding to enable them to progress within the sector. Modules of study include animal husbandry, animal health and welfare, business environment and a research project. Teaching occurs both in the classroom and in the newly refurbished animal care centre and through planned fieldwork and trips.
Modules of study include animal husbandry, animal health and welfare, business environment and a research project.
PLEASE NOTE: THIS COURSE WILL BE BASED AT OUR SOMER VALLEY CAMPUS IN RADSTOCK.
80 points Or to be employed in the industry with relevant experience. | 2019-04-26T12:43:50 | https://digital.ucas.com/courses/details?coursePrimaryId=07253cb8-853f-4600-9445-2c772f134ac9&academicYearId=2019 | [
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This guide does not claim to be complete. It reflects my view on how to setup a working Arch Linux system tailored towards data science, R and spatial analysis. If you have suggestions for modifications, please open an issue. Enjoy the power of Linux!
Setting up Arch Linux the old-school way (i.e. configuring all yourself) is quite tedious. To be honest, I’ve never done it myself. I’ve always used distributions like Antergos or Manjaro. These function on the one hand as an installation wrapper for Arch and on the other hand provide their own repositories. Both come with all kind of desktop environments to choose from (GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc.). I will not go into details of desktop environments in this post. I will outline my personal setup in a separate post in the future.
Make sure to check out the ArchWiki FAQs and Arch compared to other distributions - ArchWiki to get a better understanding of Arch.
Currently the best wrapper around pacman is trizen. Here is a list (AUR helpers - ArchWiki) comparing alternatives (scroll to the bottom).
In ~/.config/trizen/trizen.conf set no_edit => 1. Until v1.55 there was also a switch that saved you the prompt asking whether you really want to install the package (install_built_with_noconfirm => 1). Unfortunately it has been removed in v1.56 and now you need to pass --noconfirm to trizen commands. The first settings saves you the confirmation prompt asking whether you want to edit a PKGBUILD (i.e. the scripts that specify how to download and install a package).
All Linux system come with bash (Bourne-again shell) as default. While this shell is not bad, there are better alternatives. You have to decide whether investing the time to change the shell and learn the new syntax will make a difference for you. Since you will (hopefully) use the terminal quite often (from now on), I would recommend to at least try it :) My current favorite is the fish shell.
The zsh (Z-shell) is highly customizable but its settings are a bit complicated. It has several advantages (file globbing, visual appearance, etc.) to bash.
A good zsh helper is prezto: GitHub - sorin-ionescu/prezto: The configuration framework for Zsh). Install (trizen zsh) and use it (zsh). My favorite theme is agnoster.
The fish shell is similar to zsh but comes with better defaults and an easier syntax. The omf package manager is great for installing additional plugins that simplify the shell usage. Check Oh-my-fish for an introduction.
The shell is available in the standard repos and can be installed with trizen fish.
A great way to get started is to call fish_config in a fish session to configure fish to your needs in a graphical browser window.
My current theme is bobthefish.
Compiling packages from source can take time. To speed up the process by enabling parallel compiling, set the MAKEVARS variable in /etc/makepkg.conf: MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)". This will use all available cores on your machine for compiling.
A note before the installation process: If you only have 8 GB of RAM, you need to temporary increase the size of your /tmp folder. Otherwise the tmp folder will run out of space due to all the package downloads and installations and you will face weird error messages if you do all the installations without a reboot. Increasing the /tmp folder temporarily can be done by sudo mount -o remount,size=20G,noatime /tmp. This increases the size for your current session to 20 GB. Usually the size is about half or your RAM size. The size will be resetted when you restart your machine next time.
A note of caution: Try to avoid installing python libraries via pip. If you install libraries via pacman that have python dependencies, pacman will try to install the respective python-<package>. If you installed this package via pip before, you will face conflicts. First search if the package is available in the repos and if not, you can safely install it via pip.
While already at python packages, QGIS needs some external python libraries for its plugins. Otherwise it will throw errors during startup.
Here is a list of applications I use. Choose for yourself which could be helpful for your.
Google Drive: I use the paid service insync.
I use Notion which atm has not Linux Desktop app and can be used in the browser only.
A note on Mailspring: If you are on battery, quit the app as it consume a lot of energy while steadily trying to sync your mails.
Editors are an important topic so I devote an extra section to them. You can use editors to only edit text files but they can also be used as an IDE for coding. There are many editors out there, all loved by a certain group of people.
Here’s a list of the most popular ones (this list does not claim to be complete). Also some of the listed apps are actually IDEs while some are only text editors.
I currently use Neovim which is a fork of vim for quick editing on the command line. My general purpose IDE is Visual Studio Code and for R development I use RStudio.
If you are on a KDE Desktop, LibreOffice may flicker black/white. This is caused by OpenGl.
Additionally, I recommend to install the Papirus Icon theme for Libreoffice: trizen -S --noconfirm papirus-libreoffice-theme.
This library caches all C compiled code, making reoccuring package installations that use C code a lot faster.
Additionally, install ccache on your system: trizen ccache. See this blog post by Dirk Eddelbuettel as a reference.
To use R from the shell without a prior defined mirror, you need the system libraries tcl and tk to launch the mirror selection popup (trizen -S tcl tk).
Next, install either the “Intel MKL” or libopenblas to be used in favor of the standard “libRlapack/libRblas” libraries that are shipped with the default R installation. These libraries are responsible for numerical computations and have impressive speedups compared to the default libraries. Thanks [@marcosci](https://github.com/marcosci) for the hint. While the “Intel MKL” library is the fasted according to the benchmarks, its also much more complicated to install.
libopenblas will automatically be used if its installed since the default R installation on Arch is configured with the --with-blas option (see section A.3.1 in https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-admin.html#Installation). I recommend installing the AUR package openblas-lapack as its package cominbing multiple libraries: trizen -S --noconfirm openblas-lapack.
There is an AUR package that provides R compiled with intel-mkl named r-mkl. Note: The download size of intel-mkl is around 4 GB and takes a lot of memory during installation. Most of it will stored in the swap (around 10 GB) so make sure your SWAP space is > 10 GB.
Also to successfully install intel-mkl, you need to temporarly increase the /tmp directory as intel-mkl requires quite some space: sudo mount -o remount,size=30G,noatime /tmp.
Use trizen -s rstudio and pick your favorite release channel. During installation R will get installed as a dependency (if you have not already done so).
Open RStudio and install the R package usethis (it will install quite a few dependencies, get a coffee) and then call usethis::browse_github_pat(). Follow the instructions to set up a valid GITHUB_PAT environment variable that will be used for installing packages from Github.
Of course you it is not required to install all packages of a task view. You will never use all packages of a task view. In my opinion, however, it is pretty neat to have one command that installs (almost) all packages I use of a certain field. I do not care about the additional packages installed.
For rJava we need to do sudo R CMD javareconf.
Now you can install the ctv package and then call ctv::install.views("Spatial"). This will install all packages listed in the spatial task view.
The easiest way (in my opinion) is to use SSH and usethis::create_from_github().
If you have never set a “ssh keygen pair” at your local machine, please do so by calling ssh-keygen -t rsa.
If you already have a file named id_rsa.pub in your ~/.ssh folder at your local machine, skip this step! Otherwise it will override your existing one and may invalidate previous ssh connections you set up. You now have an id_rsa.pub file in a (hidden!) folder named .ssh within /home (at your local machine). (You can enable viewing hidden files/folders in the file-manager with the shortcut ALT + . (Dolphin) or CTRL + h (Nautilus)).
The local directory in which you want to store your Github repos should have 777 permissions. This usually is not the case if you create the directory. If the permissions are wrong, usethis::create_from_github() will not be able to write files there. sudo chmod 777 ~/git.
This object is then passed to the credentials argument in create_from_github().
you can also use create_from_github(repo = "pat-s/oddsratio", destdir = "~/git", credentials = git2r::cred_ssh_key()).
The little overhead is really worth it: You have a working ssh setup and by reusing the command and just replacing the repo name the cloning off all your repos is done within minutes!
While most people use R from within RStudio, it is important to have a proper command line setup. I often call R in a second session (besides RStudio) to update packages, run R CMD check on a package, etc. The native R command line that you get when typing R in your shell lacks a lot of features. Fortunately, there is radian. Its advantages are listed in the README of the repo.
I’ve set an alias that maps r to radian. So whenever I type r into the console and hit enter, I get a “21st century ready” R console.
The ~/.Rprofile holds several options that will be applied during R startup. However, specifying all custom functions, options and other calls in one R file can get messy. Fortunately, there is the startup package. You can put several .R files into the ~/.Rprofile.d directory. This way you can organize your custom R startup better. Also, by running startup::startup(debug = TRUE) you can actually see what happens if you start R.
You can find my settings in my Dropbox.
There are multiple approaches how to achieve this (Auto-mount network shares (cifs, sshfs, nfs) on-demand using autofs | Patrick Schratz, fstab - ArchWiki).
Here is an example of a fstab setup for a sshfs (to Linux server) and cifs (to Windows server) mount. Append those lines to /etc/fstab; don’t overwrite the existing content as this will result in boot errors otherwise!
(cifs) Depending how new the Windows server is, you do not need vers=1.0.
(cifs) Store your login credentials for the windows server in a file, e.g. /etc/.smbcredentials.txt with contents being username = <username> and password = <password>.
(sshfs) Copy .ssh/id_rsa to root/.ssh/ as the mount will be executed by the root user.
Both advantage and disadvantage of using fstab are that it tries to mount the directories during boot. However, often this fails. Either because of a missing network connection at this point or because you need a VPN to access a server remotely.
I won’t go into details of all options I used here. Check out the manual pages of the respective protocols if you are facing errors.
If you use fstab, you can mount all mounts with sudo mount -a.
The manual approach needs to be saved in a bash script and called from your shell with bash <filename>.sh.
sudo pkill -kill -f "sshfs"
Some operations in this file may be redundant or ineffective.
Mount all mounts specified in <name of mount file>.sh.
Again we use ssh, this time to log into remote servers rather than downloading Github repos. If you have never set a “ssh keygen pair” at your local machine, please do so by calling ssh-keygen -t rsa.
Every time you log in via command line now, you will not be prompted for your password.
You can easily connect to all servers you have access to with a little one-time effort.
tmux is a terminal multiplexer that lets you create complex terminal arrangements. Additionally, you can use keybindings to quickly move between panes and a lot of extensions exists to save and restore layouts.
One extension, namely tmuxinator gives you the power to write template files for server connections. This makes it possible to load several server connections with just one command.
KDE is probably the DE (Desktop environment) that is most customizable. By default it comes with a Windows-like navigation panel. However, you can have a dock by using latte-dock. I used KDE for quite some time and I was satisfied with most of it.
If you want to use an automatic login to a VPN and the networkmanager-daemon (e.g. Openconnect) does not store your password, try the network-manager-applet package. It is the GNOME network-manager and has (for whatever reason) no problems with storing the password.
GNOME looks more like macOS. Clean, fresh, smooth. However, it needs a bit more love in my opinion to get a proper working setup. You need to find which gnome-extensions you need for your work. Most of them are present in the AUR.
Also (and this is the biggest downside) it consumes a lot of memory. I ditched it in the end because of this. On my 16 GB machine, I could hardly have all my standard apps open with now hitting my RAM limit. In contrast, on my current Desktop Environment (i3) I really cross the 8 GB mark.
trizen -Q | grep "gnome-shell"
You can control the settings via the “Tweak tool” that comes with GNOME by default.
Note that GNOME comes with Wayland as the desktop compositor library while KDE still uses X. I am not an expert in both but the future is said to be Wayland. You might run into some troubles with driver support for Wayland and there is much better documentation and help for X. You can also run GNOME with X if you are facing too many issues.
Although the Linux kernel has a lot of power saving options, they are not all enabled by default.
I prefer tlp as powertop often causes trouble with USB devices going into sleep mode. Also, applying the changes on boot is easier with tlp.
Do trizen -S --noconfirm tlp and then follow the instructions on TLP - ArchWiki to configure it correctly. powertop though is useful to check the applied settings. Do sudo powertop and go to the “tunables” section and check if most settings are “GOOD” (most are “BAD” before applying tlp).
A machine can crash any time. It is not only important to backup your data and scripts (or to have them stored in the cloud). You also want to backup all configurations of your apps so that you can restore them easily with a click. This is also important and useful if you want to sync all your configurations across multiple machines.
mackup is a great tool for this. It syncs a variety of config files and uploads these to a cloud of your choice. Under the hood, the config files will get soft-linked to your cloud which means that updating it on one machine will also trigger a change on all other machines.
On a new machine, you only need to run mackup restore to have all your settings back. Unfortunately it does not work with Windows but if you are reading this guide, you are most likely not on Windows anymore ;-).
GitHub - cereda/arara: arara is a TeX automation tool based on rules and directives. An automatization tool for TeX: pac install arara-git. However, lately I use the latex-workshop extention in Visual Studio Code for all my LaTex stuff.
trizen -S perl-log-dispatch perl-dbix-log4perl perl-file-homedir perl-unicode-linebreak.
It’s also integrad in the latex-workshop extention in Visual Studio Code.
I use the Dracula scheme in almost all applications. While its comes integrated into RStudio, here are installation instructions for Kate and Tilix. Alternatively I like the tomorrow-night-eighties theme lately.
I enjoy using Fira Code. I use it as a coding font in all editors (monospace ftw) but also as a system wide font (the “medium” variant) with size 10. Another great monospace coding font is Iosevka.
There are two awesome icon themes: Papirus and numix.
Try them and choose for yourself. You will see what a tremendous impact good icons can have on your daily work.
My overall desktop theme favorite is “Adapta”. Set it via “System Settings -> Workspace theme -> Desktop Theme”. For “Look and Feel” I prefer “Arc Dark”.
To install these, simply click on “Get new looks” on the bottom right when you are in “System Settings -> Workspace theme”.
Set the environment variable QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME to "qt5ct" (add set -gx QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME "qt5ct" in .config/fish/config.fish).
Run qt5ct and change the settings to your liking. Note: The default GNOME font is “Cantarell Regular 11pt”. To select the default KDE “Adwaita” theme, you need to install it first: trizen -s adwaita-qt5.
To create presentations I use the R package xaringan. Usually I convert the resulting HTML slides to PDF using decktape (install with trizen -s nodejs-decktape) and present the talk using impressive (install with trizen -s impressive).
Some devices need to install the “synaptic touchpad drivers” to enable the a “soft-click” window activation. trizen -s xf86-input-libinput.
pacmanity: Each time you install a package, this tool adds the package to a Github Gist. This Gist stores all of your installed packages. Here’s mine. | 2019-04-21T04:55:47 | https://pjs-web.de/post/arch-install-guide-for-r/ | [
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“The Company” – Aspire Running Events Ltd.
“The Participant” – is defined as you.
On receipt of your online payment and on registering your participation at this event you the participant are disclaiming the following points outlined in these terms and conditions/disclaimer.
We would like to draw your attention to the following declaration. You the participant agree and understand that Aspire Running Events Ltd and their representatives will not be held responsible or liable for any loss, damage, action, cost, expense, claim, injury, illness and in worst case scenario death suffered or incurred by you which may arise as a result of your participation. In consideration of the acceptance of this entry, you the participant assume full and complete responsibility for any injury, accident, costs, expenses, damages, losses and any other liabilities which may occur while you are traveling to and from the event, during the event or while you are on the premises of the event.
Entering and participating in this event is entirely at your own risk. By entering online, you the participant are immediately agreeing to this disclaimer.
Participants acknowledge that we the company will not be liable for any death, injury, loss or damage arising from participating in this event.
You the participant confirm that you are medically fit to participate.
You the participant understand and accept that this event is off road and will require prolonged and strenuous physical exertion, is subject to the unpredictability of the weather and you are responsible for your own safety.
You the participant accept that we Aspire Running Events Ltd are not responsible for the security of your kit or any other personal belongings you bring with you on the day of the event. You the participant also accept responsibility for any vehicle including its contents and that you park on event day at your own risk.
You the participant enter the event, unaware of any health or other condition which may affect your ability to safely take part in the event and will only take part if medically fit and well to do so. The decision to run or not is left to the participant’s discretion but they run at their own risk. Aspire Running Events accept no liability.
You the participant will follow all safety rules and instructions given by marshals at the event.
You the participant agree and are happy to be photographed by us, Aspire Running Events Ltd or by any 3rd party during the event and for these images to be used by us for promotional purposes at any time in the future.
Under 18’s – The minimum age to participate in a 4k event is 10 years old, a 5k event the minimum age is 12 years old, the 10k minimum age limit is 15 years old, but to enter these races they must be accompanied by a responsible adult. Under 18’s participating in any race can only race with the signed/online entry permission of a parent or legal guardian.
In the past couple of weeks with various racing fatalities and serious health events arising at running races, it has become so very evident that runners should not pass their race numbers on to someone else without informing race organisers. Aspire, cannot condone this, the health and safety of our runners is paramount to us.
Therefore, on race day should you knowingly pick up someone else’s number you must come and find Donna at Race HQ and inform her. She will then get you to fill out a race disclaimer and she will then happily transfer this entry to yourself.
We also must stress the importance of writing out the emergency contact and medical details on the back of your race number before the race commences. Should an incident arise, it is very important that the medical team know of any illnesses etc. It could (at the worst case scenario) be the difference between life and death.
But more importantly, please listen to your body and if you are not feeling well on race day – Please do seriously consider not running that day, there is always another race when you are feeling better! Thank you.
Aspire Running Events Ltd reserve the right at our discretion to cancel, delay or postpone the event due to unforeseen or unavoidable circumstances including adverse weather conditions, Force Majeure and/or on the advice of Emergency Services. You the participant have read, understood and accept this and where an event has to be cancelled because of this, we shall not be liable for any inconvenience, expenses, costs, losses or damages suffered by participants.
Due to the ever-growing popularity of the 1k and 50m races which sell out at every event, we have decided to introduce a fair rule policy.
Therefore, children can enter either the 1k or 50m dash BUT not enter both at the same event.
We wish as many little ones as possible to gain a race experience and therefore receive a medal at the end of it and we think the above is fair to all.
Aspire will no longer be offering official ‘Canicross’ entries for any further events.
Suitable races will now be renamed ‘dog friendly’ and will now form part of our inclusive to all policy only.
We will no longer be offering separate waves or offer winner trophies at these specifically picked races.
Participation of running with your dog is on the understanding that you will have full control at all times and will be courteous and considerate to your fellow runners whether running with a dog or not.
You may position yourself wherever you see fit on the start line as you know your dog’s capabilities better than us.
We reserve the right to withdraw dog running at any time.
Refunds – Can only be given if the participant informs us two months prior to the event entered.
If requested before the deadline (2 weeks before race day) your race transfer will continue to be free.
The above has sadly had to be implemented due to the overwhelming number of participants who can no longer run so close to race day and therefore request race deferments at the last minute. Each transfer doestake a considerable amount of time.
Name transfers up until 1 week prior to race day will continue to be changed for free. But within the last 1 week prior to race day and until the transfer deadline which will always be 48 hours prior to the event you will be charged £5.
Please do remember most organisers in most cases do not offer refunds or transfers and charge ridiculous amounts to change race details. We would never do this but sadly, we are no longer able to absorb these hidden costs without charging… Apologies in advance.
Please note, you can only transfer your race entry once (Should you need to defer again, you will be charged £7.50). If you are unsure if you will be fit, we would rather add you to the unknown transfer list and therefore you can then inform us which race you would like to do when fit and able to do so.
Should any runner let us know within 48 hours or less before race day (Race day is simply too late) that they can no longer attend their chosen event, they will now be charged a £10 adhoc deferment payment fee when they choose another event they wish to enter.
Again, their initial entry fee will have already been absorbed into the original race costs, this includes race numbers, medals, photos and their entry fees.
To reiterate we do send on the day entry details 1 week prior to event day and do give specific transfer deadlines.
Thank you for your understanding on the above from your friendly Aspire team.
4 races for the price of 3 - free race is non-transferable.
Should any of the pre-registered group booking party be unable to run, sadly their place is un refundable or race transferable. Although we will accept a name transfer. | 2019-04-18T21:14:54 | https://www.aspirerunningevents.co.uk/t-c-s/ | [
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I grew up listening to hard rock and metal music. Often when people discuss or reminisce about those genres, they talk about the big American bands. Motley Crue, Guns N’ Roses, Poison, Metallica, etc. Rarely do I hear people talk about some of the great Canadian hard rock and metal bands that were rocking just as hard. So this year, I decided to post about one of these Canadian bands on a weekly basis. One new post about an old band a week, till I run out of bands to post about.
So, it seems like every couple of months I come across one of these posts and every time I see one, I feel obligated to correct the mis-information being shared. | 2019-04-25T09:51:17 | https://mightaswellblogaboutitwordpresscom.wordpress.com/ | [
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Hilarious, glad you liked my idea!
Wow, the Pens are phoning in this game so far. Brace yourself for all the Flyers fans to come out of the woodwork if they win this game.
The broadcasters are so much more excited about this game...or maybe it's just because the Flyers actually showed up to play this time.
We should get Doc Emrick on Sunday, thank God. | 2019-04-23T10:50:40 | http://www.doubtaboutit.com/2008/05/this-isnt-swimming.html | [
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Purpose: Loss of integrity of either the inner or outer mitochondrial membrane results in the dissipation of the mitochondrial electrochemical gradient that leads to mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mMPT). This study emphasizes the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, thus preventing mitochondrial depolarization (hereafter termed mitoprotection). Using 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (SB216763), an inhibitor of GSK-3β, and drawing a distinction between it and 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio] butadiene (UO126), an inhibitor of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, the means by which GSK-3β influences mitoprotection in cultured human lens epithelial (HLE-B3) cells and normal, secondary cultures of bovine lens epithelial cells, maintained in atmospheric oxygen, was investigated.
Methods: Virally transfected human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) and normal cultures of bovine lens epithelial cells were exposed to acute hypoxic conditions (about 1% O2) followed by exposure to atmospheric oxygen (about 21% O2). Specific antisera and western blot analysis was used to examine the state of phosphorylation of ERK and GSK-3β, as well as the phosphorylation of a downstream substrate of GSK-3β, glycogen synthase (GS, useful in monitoring GSK-3β activity). The potentiometric dye, 1H-benzimidazolium-5,6-dichloro-2-[3-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1-propenyl]-1,3-diethyl-iodide (JC-1), was used to monitor mitochondrial depolarization upon exposure of inhibitor treatment relative to the control cells (mock inhibition) in atmospheric oxygen. Caspase-3 activation was scrutinized to determine whether mitochondrial depolarization inevitably leads to apoptosis.
Results: Treatment of HLE-B3 cells with SB216763 (12 µM) inactivated GSK-3β activity as verified by the enzyme’s inability to phosphorylate its substrate, GS. SB216763-treated cells were not depolarized relative to the control cells as demonstrated with JC-1 fluorescent dye analysis. The HLE-B3 cells treated with UO126, which similarly blocked phosphorylation of GS, were nevertheless prone to mMPT relative to the control cells. Western blot analysis determined that Bcl-2-associated X (BAX) levels were unchanged for SB216763-treated or UO126-treated HLE-B3 cells when compared to their respective control cells. However, unlike the SB216763-treated cells, the UO126-treated cells showed a marked absence of Bcl-2, as well as phosphorylated Bcl-2 relative to the controls. UO126 treatment of bovine lens epithelial cells showed similar results with pBcl-2 levels, while the Bcl-2 content appeared unchanged relative to the control cells. HLE-B3 and normal bovine lens cell cultures showed susceptibility to mMPT associated with the loss of pBcl-2 by UO126 treatment.
Conclusions: Mitochondrial depolarization may occur by one of two key occurrences: interruption of the electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane resulting in mMPT or by disruption of the integrity of the inner or outer mitochondrial membrane. The latter scenario is generally tightly regulated by members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Inhibition of GSK-3β activity by SB216763 blocks mMPT by preventing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. UO126, likewise, inhibits GSK-3β activity, but unlike SB216763, inhibition of ERK phosphorylation induces the loss of intracellular pBcl-2 levels under conditions where intracellular BAX levels remain constant. These results suggest that the lenticular mitoprotection normally afforded by the inactivation of GSK-3β activity may, however, be bypassed by a loss of pBcl-2, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Bcl-2 prevents the translocation of BAX to the mitochondrial outer membrane inhibiting depolarization by disrupting the normal electrochemical gradient leading to mMPT.
The dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψ) occurs in a process termed mitochondrial permeability transition (mMPT) . Lens epithelial cells represent an ideal model for studying mMPT because the lens thrives in a naturally hypoxic environment, and introducing atmospheric oxygen increases the formation of reactive oxygenated species (ROS), which, in turn, may cause a loss of ∆Ψ [1,2]. The current literature suggests that mMPT is mediated via the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore [3-5]. Studies have shown that glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) is immediately proximal to the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and acts as a point of integration for many protective signals . Thus, GSK-3β is a crucial enzyme involved in preventing mMPT through regulating the opening and closing of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore [7,8]. Additional studies involving ischemic reperfusion of cardiac myocytes have demonstrated that inhibiting GSK-3β can prevent the dissipation of ∆Ψ during oxidative stress [9-11].
One of the multiple protective proteins that converge on GSK-3β is the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) . Flynn et al. has previously demonstrated that after RNA suppresses ERK ∆Ψ collapses during oxidative stress in human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) cells. Furthermore, studies conducted on metastatic carcinoma cells have shown that phosphorylated ERK can cause GSK-3β to become phosphorylated at its inhibitory serine, thus inactivating the enzyme . Combined, these studies suggest that ERK can prevent the disruption of ∆Ψ by inactivating GSK-3β, presumably blocking the opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. However, as will be demonstrated in this study, inhibiting ERK phosphorylation can, itself, cause mitochondrial depolarization regardless of the activity of GSK-3β.
To date, the role that GSK-3β plays regarding preventing mitochondrial depolarization has not been established in an ocular system. In the current study, we demonstrate that inactivating GSK-3β activity (as monitored by its failure to phosphorylate glycogen synthase) using the pharmacological inhibitor SB216763 has a regulatory function in preventing mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, this study will reveal that the mitoprotection normally afforded by GSK-3β inactivation may be circumvented by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation, which culminates in inhibition of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family.
The Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase-1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio] butadiene (UO126) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). The glycogen synthase kinase inhibitor 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (SB216763) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors SP600125 (JNK Inhibitor II) and AS601245 (JNK Inhibitor V) were purchased from EMD Millipore Chemicals (Billerica, MA). Stock inhibitors were prepared by adding to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as follows: 20 mM for UO126, 16 mM for SB216763, 40 mM for SP600125, and 40 mM for AS601245. The mitochondrial dye 1H-benzimidazolium-5,6-dichloro-2-[3-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1-propenyl]-1,3-diethyl-iodide (JC-1) was obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). All other reagents were acquired from other commercially available sources as previously reported .
HLE-B3 cells, a human lens epithelial cell line immortalized by the SV-40 virus , were obtained from U. Andley (Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Louis, MO). Authentication of the HLE-B3 cell line was verified with STR profile analysis (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA), which confirmed that the cell line was human and of female origin, as originally reported by Andley et al. . A copy of the STR profile is available upon request. All studies with HLE-B3 cells were performed with prefrozen stock cells (maintained in liquid nitrogen) between passages 14 and 17. No experiments exceeded five passages beyond the initial stock cell passage. The cells were maintained in minimal essential media (MEM) containing 5.5 mM glucose supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (Gemini Bio-Products, Sacramento, CA), 2 mM L-glutamine, nonessential amino acids, and 0.02 g/l gentamycin solution (Sigma-Aldrich) and cultured at 37 °C and 5% CO2–95% O2 . Cells were sub-cultured 4 to 5 days before the experiment and placed in MEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Twenty-four hours before the day of the experiment, the cells were switched to serum-free MEM. Unless otherwise specified, all experiments followed a common protocol: Cells were maintained in atmospheric O2 (about 21%) for 90 min, then switched to hypoxic conditions (about 1% O2) for 180 min, followed by reintroduction to atmospheric O2. Each experiment was executed with control DMSO-only cells (mock inhibitor treatment) and cells treated with inhibitors. The DMSO concentration per experiment never exceeded 0.05%.
Bovine eyes obtained from a local abattoir were transported on ice to the laboratory, where the lenses were removed aseptically. Bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs) were isolated and cultured in 20% bovine calf serum–supplemented Eagle’s minimal essential medium. All studies with BLECs were performed on cells of passage 2.
Whole cell lysates were collected from HLE-B3 cultures using the hot protein extraction method as described by Henrich et al. . The cell cultures were rinsed at room temperature in final concentration: 150 mM sodium chloride, 10 mM sodium phosphate monobasic, 40 mM sodium phosphate dibasic), pH 7.4, before the monolayers were lysed with hot lysis buffer (about 100 °C), subsequently scraped into 1.7 ml micro centrifuge tubes, and immediately sonicated. The lysis buffer consisted of 0.12 M Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 20% glycerol . Part of the lysate samples were removed and used to determine the protein concentration. The protein concentration was calculated by using a DC protein assay kit from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). The lysate samples contained 25 µg of protein, 1X SDS laemmli buffer, and 1.5 µl 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich). The lysate samples were then boiled for 5 min and the proteins resolved on 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The proteins were then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad). The electrophoresis and western blot apparatus were from Hoefer Scientific (Holliston, MA).
For western blot analysis, nitrocellulose membranes were blocked with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% Tween-20 in Tris-buffered saline (TTBS) for 60 min. These membranes were probed overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies at a 1:1,000 dilution. The blots were then rinsed in TTBS for 5 min 4X and then incubated in either goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugate or goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase conjugate at 1:10,000 dilution (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) for 60 min at room temperature. Blots were again rinsed in TTBS (4X 5 min washes), and proteins were detected using a SuperSignal West Pico chemiluminescent kit from Pierce (Rockford, IL) . Probed membranes were visualized on a Fluoro Chem TM 8900 imager (Alpha Innotech, San Leandro, CA).
Primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). The antibodies used in this study included rabbit anti-Bcl-2-associated X (BAX), rabbit anti-glycogen synthase, rabbit anti-phosphoglycogen synthase (Ser641), rabbit anti-phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), rabbit anti-GSK-3β, mouse anti-phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (Thr202/Tyr204), rabbit anti-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, rabbit anti-phospho-Bcl-2 (Ser70), rabbit anti-Bcl-2, and rabbit anti-phospho-c-Jun (Ser63). Rabbit anti-actin was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA).
After the HLE-B3 cells were subjected to inhibitor treatments, the cells were stained with JC-1 to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 is a membrane permeant lipophilic dye that exists as J-aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix (red fluorescence) and as monomers in the cytoplasm (green fluorescence). During mitochondrial depolarization, the red J-aggregates flow out of the mitochondria and accumulate in the cytosol as green monomers . Thus, depolarization can be measured as an increasing green fluorescent/red fluorescent intensity ratio.
The JC-1 assay was performed as follows. HLE-B3 cell monolayers were maintained in serum-free MEM with or without inhibitor treatment, brought through atmospheric oxygen into hypoxia, and then later switched back to atmospheric oxygen as described above. At the end of the hypoxic exposure, the hypoxic media on cells (oxygen depleted) were poured off, and fresh (oxygen rich) serum-free MEM (with or without an inhibitor) was added containing 5 µg/ml JC-1 for 30 min in a tissue culture incubator. The stained HLE-B3 cells were then rinsed twice using serum-free MEM, and fresh oxygenated serum-free MEM (with or without inhibitor, but no JC-1 dye) was added. A random field of cells was imaged every 2.5 min for 60 min using an X10 objective on a confocal microscope (Ziess LSM410, LSM410, Thornwood, NY). The excitation wavelength was 488 nm, and the microscope was set to simultaneously detect green emission (540 nm) and red emission (595 nm) channels using a dual bandpass filter .
A caspase-3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA) was used to determine apoptosis. HLE-B3 cell monolayers were maintained in serum-free MEM with or without treatment and brought through our experimental protocol, which included atmospheric oxygen into 3 h of hypoxia, and then subsequently switched back to atmospheric oxygen. Treatment included SB216763 (12 µM), UO126 (10 µM), staurosporine (100 nM), or 0.05% DMSO vehicle maintained throughout the course of the experiment. Sixty minutes after atmospheric oxygen was reintroduced, all samples were then lysed using our lysis buffer (0.12 M Tris-HCl [pH 6.8], 4% SDS, and 20% glycerol). Part of the lysate samples was removed and used to determine the protein concentration. The protein concentration was calculated by using a DC protein assay kit (Bio-Rad). Apoptotic activity was determined following the manufacturer’s protocol using 10 µg of protein.
Images from JC-1 confocal microscopy were separated into individual red and green channels using ImageJ (Baltimore, MD). The background fluorescence was removed from each image before the intensity was measured. The fluorescence intensity signal from each image was quantified for the entire image and expressed as the ratio of green fluorescent intensity over red fluorescent intensity. Western blot densitometry was determined using ImageJ, and related statistics was determined using GraphPad Prism 5 (La Jolla, CA).
JC-1 analysis of the DMSO mock-treated cells exposed to various cell culture conditions was implemented to determine whether environmental stress (i.e., hypoxia, atmospheric oxygen, or reversal from one condition to the other) elicited mitochondrial depolarization. Four conditions were tested: cells grown in constant atmospheric oxygen, cells switched from atmospheric oxygen to hypoxia, cells switched from hypoxia to atmospheric oxygen, and cells maintained in continuous hypoxia. Under all tested conditions, the cells did not depolarize, indicating that continuous hypoxia, atmospheric oxygen, and switching cell culture environments (hypoxia to atmospheric oxygen or atmospheric oxygen to hypoxia) do not induce depolarization (Figure 1).
To investigate the role GSK-3β plays in regulating cellular mitoprotection with cells maintained in hypoxia and subsequently exposed to atmospheric oxygen, HLE-B3 cells were treated with the GSK-3β inhibitor, SB216763. Non-phosphorylated GSK-3β is the active form of the enzyme, and in this form, the enzyme is capable of phosphorylating numerous downstream substrates including glycogen synthase (GS) . The phosphorylation of GS is thus a useful parameter for monitoring GSK-3β activity. Cultures of HLE-B3 cells were grown on 100 mm dishes until >85% confluence. Cells were treated with 12 µM SB216763 or mock-treated with DMSO (control). After 90 min in ambient oxygen, the cells were placed under hypoxic conditions (about 1% O2) for 3 h and then switched back to atmospheric oxygen (about 21% O2) for 3 h. Samples were collected from cells consistently maintained in atmospheric oxygen (control), immediately after hypoxic exposure and 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h of reexposure to atmospheric oxygen. Western blot analysis showed that the HLE-B3 cells subjected to SB216763 treatment had levels of GSK-3β and phosphoglycogen synthase kinase-3beta (pGSK-3β) similar to those of the controls (Figure 2). However, treatment with SB216763 resulted in inhibition of phosphorylation of GS. The failure to phosphorylate GS indicates the active site of GSK-3β was inactivated. The continued presence of pGSK-3β in the treated cells was because the autophosphorylation site of GSK-β was unaffected by SB216763 . A key question that we wished to address in this study was whether inhibiting GSK-3β activity positively correlated with preventing mitochondrial depolarization. In a recent related study , we observed that SB216763-treated cells monitored for mMPT using emission spectroscopy displayed suppressed mitochondrial depolarization relative to the control DMSO mock-treated cells.
A parallel experiment, using the MEK1/2 inhibitor, UO126, was also conducted on HLE-B3 cells to determine whether inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation had any impact on the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and GS. Lens cells were treated with 10 µM UO126 or DMSO and subsequently placed in hypoxic conditions for 3 h. Following the hypoxic exposure, new media were added to the culture dishes, and the cells were exposed to atmospheric oxygen for up to 3 h in the continued presence and absence of UO126. Lysates of these cells were collected from cells maintained consistently in atmospheric oxygen, after the hypoxic exposure and 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after atmospheric oxygen was reintroduced. Analysis of the western blot membranes showed marked inhibition of p42 ERK1/2 and p44 ERK1/2 (Figure 3, upper panel, left) relative to the control cells. The loss of ERK1/2 phosphorylation did not affect the relative levels of GSK-3β or pGSK-3β compared with the DMSO controls (Figure 3, upper panel, right), whereas inhibiting ERK phosphorylation prevented the downstream phosphorylation of GS. Therefore, the configuration of the ratio of pGSK-3β/GSK-3β and pGS/GS appeared identical irrespective of whether SB216763 or UO126 was used (compare the bar graphs of Figure 2 and Figure 3). Given the similarity in the profile of the ratio of pGSK-3β/GSK-3β and pGS/GS, a critical question was whether UO126-treated cells, similar to SB216763-treated cells, likewise prevented mitochondrial depolarization relative to the control DMSO mock-treated cells or whether UO126-treated cells were prone to mMPT.
Parallel studies were conducted using JC-1 analysis. HLE-B3 cells were treated with 10 µM UO126 or DMSO and then placed under hypoxic conditions for 3 h. The cells were exposed to the JC-1 dye for 30 min in atmospheric oxygen. Following the JC-1 application, fresh media with U0126 or DMSO were added to the culture plates. The cells were subsequently observed with confocal microscopy and the green and red intensities recorded every 2.5 min for 60 min. The green to red ratio of the UO126-treated cells markedly increased over the time course relative to the control cells, indicating the loss of ∆Ψ (Figure 3, bottom panel).
As discussed above, comparison of the western blots for pGSK-3β/GSK-3β and pGS/GS between the two inhibitor treatments generated profiles that were similar, if not, identical (compare Figure 2 and Figure 3). However, whereas treatment with the GSK-3β inhibitor, SB216763, likely blocked opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores, effectively suppressing depolarization , treatment with UO126 elicited profound depolarization relative to the control cells (Figure 3, bottom panel). We therefore examined in greater detail the outcome of each inhibitor on the BAX, Bcl-2, and pBcl-2 levels.
Lysates from all experimental treatments were evaluated to determine the levels of Bcl-2, pBcl-2, and BAX. Western blot membranes from the SB216763- and UO126-treated cells relative to their respective controls indicated no alteration in the levels of BAX for the treated and control cells (Figure 4, upper panel and Figure 5, upper panel). The relative levels of pBcl-2 and Bcl-2 were not altered for the SB216763-treated cells compared with the control cells (Figure 4, middle panel). In contrast, the UO126-treated cells displayed significantly diminished levels of pBcl-2 under all culture conditions, including normoxic control, hypoxic exposure, and the reintroduction of oxygen subsequent to hypoxic exposure (Figure 5, middle panel); a significant loss of Bcl-2 was also observed but, interestingly, only during the reintroduction of oxygen phase (Figure 5, middle panel).
Of particular note, treatment with UO126 (Figure 5, upper panel, left and bottom panels) but not with SB216763 (Figure 4, upper panel left and bottom panel) prevented the phosphorylation of c-JUN, through all culture conditions. The phosphorylation of c-Jun is a useful parameter for monitoring JNK activity. That is, UO126, while effectively inhibiting ERK phosphorylation (refer to Figure 3, upper panel, left), was nonetheless equally effective in inactivating JNK activity. This observation imposed a burden of proof upon us to determine whether the ERK pathway or the JNK pathway negatively impacted the pBcl-2 levels.
HLE-B3 cells were treated with JNK inhibitors, SP600125 (5 µM, 10 µM, or 20 µM), AS601245 (5 µM, and 10 µM, 20 µM), or DMSO vehicle (control). Phosphorylated JNK is the active form of the enzyme, and in this form, the enzyme is capable of phosphorylating numerous downstream substrates, including c-Jun. The phosphorylation of c-Jun is thus a useful parameter for monitoring JNK activity. Treated and control cells were placed in hypoxic conditions for 3 h and then switched to atmospheric oxygen for 3 h. After the switch to atmospheric oxygen, the hypoxic media were removed from the cultures, and fresh oxygenated media containing either inhibitor or vehicle were added. Lysates of all the cells were collected after 3 h exposure in atmospheric oxygen. SP600125 and AP601245 markedly reduced phospho-c-Jun at all concentrations relative to the control cells (Figure 6). Further analysis indicated no change in the levels of BAX, Bcl-2, or pBcl-2 for cells treated with SP600125 or AS601245 versus cells treated with DMSO vehicle (Figure 6). A slight increase in the levels of pERK were observed with either inhibitor treatment cells relative to the control cells, the meaning of which is not immediately evident to us. However, whereas UO126 negatively impacted JNK activity (Figure 5), the JNK inhibitors did not cross-inactivate ERK phosphorylation (Figure 6). We therefore concluded that inhibition of the ERK pathway, not the JNK pathway, elicited the inhibition of phosphorylation of Bcl-2 (Figure 5).
To determine if the inhibition of ERK or GSK-3β activity influence the onset of apoptosis, an active caspase-3 ELISA was implemented. As above, the HLE-B3 cells were treated with either 12 µM SB216763, 10 µM UO126, or 0.05% DMSO. The 100 nM staurosporine concentration was used as a positive activator of caspase-3. Cells were incubated for 90 min and then placed in hypoxia for 180 min. At the end of the hypoxic exposure, the media were removed from the treated and untreated cells, and fresh media were added. The cells were then placed in atmospheric oxygen for 60 min. SB216763 and U0126 were administered throughout the duration of the experiment. At the end of this 60 min period, all samples were lysed with lysis buffer. The DMSO mock-treated cells displayed minimal capase-3 activation relative to the cells treated with staurosporine (positive control), which showed a significant increase in caspase-3 activity (Figure 7). The UO126- and SB216763-treated cells demonstrated levels of capase-3 activity similar to the DMSO mock-treated cells (Figure 7). The lack of caspase-3 activity in the UO126- and SB216763-treated cells indicate that apoptosis did not occur in the presence of either inhibitor, although the UO126 treatment elicited mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (refer to Figure 3, bottom panel).
To determine that our results (and consequent interpretations) had not been compromised by the viral transformation of the HLE-B3 cells, we repeated the UO126 treatment, as described above with HLE-B3 cells, with secondary cultures of normal bovine lens epithelial cells. Inhibition of p42 ERK1/2 and p44 ERK1/2 relative to the control cells was noted (Figure 8, upper panel). As with the HLE-B3 cells (Figure 3, upper panel, right), neither GSK-3β nor pGSK-3β (Figure 8, middle panel) was diminished, compared with the DMSO controls. Likewise, inhibition of ERK phosphorylation prevented the downstream phosphorylation of GS (compare Figure 3, upper panel, right and Figure 8, middle panel).
We further investigated the effect of UO126 treatment on BAX, Bcl-2, and pBcl-2 levels using secondary cultures of bovine lens epithelial cells. Lysates were evaluated with western blot analysis to determine the levels of BAX, Bcl-2, and pBcl-2. Western blot membranes from the UO126-treated cells relative to their respective controls indicated some lane loading variability, but no obvious loss, in the levels of BAX (Figure 8, bottom panel), similar to that of the HLE-B3 cells (Figure 5, upper left panel). As with the HLE-B3 cells (Figure 5, upper left panel), the UO126-treated cells displayed a significant reduction in pBcl-2 under all culture conditions: normoxic control, hypoxic exposure, and the reintroduction of oxygen (Figure 8, bottom panel). Of interest, unlike the HLE-B3 cells (Figure 5, middle panel) where a significant loss of Bcl-2 was noted (but only during the reintroduction of the oxygen phase), there was no dramatic reduction in the levels of Bcl-2 between the treated and untreated cells under any condition (Figure 8, bottom panel). Finally, as first observed with HLE-B3 cells (Figure 5, upper left panel), UO126 elicited the inhibition of phosphorylation of c-JUN, through all culture conditions (Figure 8, bottom panel).
Parallel studies with UO126 were conducted using JC-1 analysis. Normal bovine cell cultures were treated with 10 µM UO126 or DMSO and then placed under hypoxic conditions for 3 h. The cells were exposed to the JC-1 dye for 30 min in atmospheric oxygen. Following the JC-1 application, fresh media with U0126 or DMSO were added to the culture plates. The cells were subsequently observed with confocal microscopy and the green and red intensities recorded every 2.5 min for 60 min. As with the UO126-treated HLE-B3 cells (refer to Figure 3, bottom panel) the green to red ratio of the UO126-treated bovine lens cells markedly increased over the time course relative to the control cells, indicating the loss of ∆Ψ (Figure 9).
To establish our reference baseline, it was first necessary to demonstrate that the experimental manipulation of switching cells from hypoxia to atmospheric oxygen or vice versa, from atmospheric oxygen to hypoxia, was not, of itself, sufficient oxidative stress to elicit mitochondrial depolarization (Figure 1). Once established that the physical manipulation of switching cell cultures from one oxygen pressure to another did not impose mitochondrial depolarization, we investigated the regulatory function of GSK-3β insofar as its ability to convey mitochondrial resistance to depolarization.
First, we sought to clarify whether blocking GSK-3β’s autophosphorylation site or inactivating its catalytic active site conferred prevention of mitochondrial depolarization. To monitor the enzyme’s active, catalytic site, we scrutinized the phosphorylation of a downstream substrate of GSK-3β, glycogen synthase (GS). Our data revealed that SB216763 did not block the autophosphorylation of GSK-3β relative to control cells, but successfully eliminated the phosphorylation of GS, indicating that the catalytic site of GSK-3β was inactivated (Figure 2). Stated another way, the failure to phosphorylate GS, but not the autophosphorylation site of GSK-3β, appears to be a better predictor of whether inhibiting GSK-3β’s enzymatic activity positively correlates with blocking mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. In a recent report using the specific GSK-3β inhibitor, SB216763, we demonstrated that “inhibition of GSK-3β activity by SB216763 blocked mitochondrial membrane permeability transition relative to the slow but consistent depolarization observed with the control cells.” We concluded that inhibiting GSK-3β activity with the GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 provides positive protection against mitochondrial depolarization .
The role of GSK-3β and how it may be influenced by upstream signaling mechanisms has been the focus of numerous studies. “There is evidence in different cell types that anti-apoptotic responses can be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Akt/PKB serine-threonine protein kinase, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases or extracellular response kinases (ERKs), Raf, and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).” To further delve into this issue, using the lens cell model, we compared and contrasted the pGSK-3β /GSK-3β, as well as the pGS /GS western blot profiles of cells treated with an inhibitor of ERK against the known catalytic site inhibitor of GSK-3β, SB216763 (refer to above). We followed up with a JC-1 evaluation to monitor whether ERK inhibitor treatment prompted mitochondrial depolarization or whether, like SB216763, inhibiting ERK phosphorylation imposed resistance to mitochondrial depolarization .
Similar to the treatment with SB216763 (Figure 2), treatment with UO126 had no effect on autophosphorylation of GSK-3β relative to the control cells, but successfully eliminated the phosphorylation of GS (Figure 3, upper panel, right). However, whereas treatment with SB216763 resulted in suppression of mitochondrial depolarization , unexpectedly, the UO126-treated cells displayed profound depolarization (Figure 3, bottom panel). We therefore sought to explain the apparent discrepancy between the similarity of the SB216763 and UO126 profiles of pGSK-3β/GSK-3β and pGS/GS and the observation that the former but not the latter (Figure 3) conferred resistance to mitochondrial depolarization.
Western blot analysis of HLE-B3 cells treated with SB216763 or UO126 showed that the BAX levels were unchanged relative to the untreated, control cells (compare Figure 4 versus Figure 5). Moreover, the BAX content of the UO126-treated normal bovine lens epithelial cells was similar relative to the control cells (Figure 8, bottom panel). These data support the notion that BAX does not play a direct role in lens epithelial cell resistance to mitochondrial depolarization. We therefore directed our attention to answering the question, “Is it the continuous expression of Bcl-2 or the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 that confers resistance to mitochondrial depolarization?” The UO126-treated virally transformed HLE-B3 cells, and the normal bovine lens epithelial cells demonstrated a propensity to depolarize (compare Figure 3, bottom panel and Figure 9). We took advantage of our observation that UO126 treatment with HLE-B3 cells instigated a loss of Bcl-2 (but only under the condition of reintroduction of oxygen (refer to Figure 5) whereas UO126-treatment with normal bovine lens epithelial cells did not diminish the levels of Bcl-2 (Figure 8, bottom panel), this although with both types of cells, a profound loss of pBcl-2 was apparent under all conditions (compare Figure 5, top panel, left with Figure 8, bottom panel). Therefore, since the bovine cells depolarized without the loss of Bcl-2, we conclude that pBcl-2 confers anti-depolarization resistance in lens epithelial cells.
Lei et al. 2002 [20-24] stated, “this phosphorylation has been reported to inhibit the pro-survival function of Bcl. This conclusion, however, is controversial as other studies have indicated that phosphorylation may enhance the anti-apoptotic actions of Bcl-2” [25-27]. Data from our study lend support to the latter statement in that the depolarization observed with UO126 treatment is caused by a lack of pBcl-2 (compare Figure 3 and Figure 5 with Figure 8 and Figure 9). The lack of pBcl-2 likely results in a loss of Bcl-2’s antiapoptotic function as reported by others. Cellular apoptosis is regulated, in part, by maintaining a balance between the levels of the prosurvival protein, Bcl-2, and the proapoptotic protein, BAX. BAX is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. Activation of BAX causes its translocation to the mitochondrial outer membrane and induces mitochondrial depolarization. However, before BAX can initiate this process, the protein must first translocate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. Bcl-2 influences apoptosis by regulating the translocation of BAX to the mitochondria [28,29]. Any decrease in the levels of Bcl-2 (or in our case, pBcl-2) is likely to permit the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to the mitochondria and induce mitochondrial depolarization. Disruption of the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane would then be the cause of the initiation of the loss of ∆Ψ, often cited as an early predictor of the onset of apoptosis.
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that UO126 inhibits not only ERK phosphorylation but also JNK activity (unpublished data). Studies have shown that pJNK mediates the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 [20-25]. Thus, as this relates to the studies described here, one possible explanation for the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential could have been attributed to the loss of JNK activity. To determine whether this was the case, we analyzed JNK activity with UO126 treatment. A common measure of JNK activity is to monitor the phosphorylation of one of its downstream substrates, c-Jun, where inhibition of the phosphorylation of c-Jun indicates inactivation of JNK. The level of phospho-c-Jun was similar with SB216763 treatment relative to control cells (Figure 4). UO126 inhibited c-Jun phosphorylation (Figure 5). Moreover, the resulting inhibition of c-Jun phosphorylation with treatment by UO126 was accompanied by an apparent loss of pBcl-2, thus suggesting a potential connection between the JNK pathway and mitoprotection (Figure 5). UO126 treatment, since it inhibited JNK activity, complicated our ability to definitively interpret the data, in that our results would not permit us to immediately distinguish whether the inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK or JNK influenced the downstream reduction in pBcl-2 levels.
It therefore became necessary to determine which of the two pathways, ERK or JNK, was influencing the phosphorylation of Bcl-2. HLE-B3 cells were treated with two specific inhibitors of JNK activation. Analysis of the levels of phospho-c-Jun revealed that SP600125 and AS601245 effectively reduced the levels of phospho-c-Jun relative to that of the controls without affecting the pBcl-2 levels (Figure 6). Collectively, the data reported in Figure 5 and Figure 6 allowed us to assert that inactivating JNK does not influence Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Instead, inhibiting ERK causes the loss of Bcl-2 phosphorylation. We therefore conclude that inhibiting ERK phosphorylation overrides the mitoprotection otherwise afforded by SB216763 presumably because of the loss of pBcl-2 (Figure 5 and Figure 8).
Mitochondrial depolarization is often cited as an early indicator of the onset of apoptosis. However, our studies establish that despite the mitochondrial depolarization initiated by UO126 treatment for HLE-B3 cells (Figure 3, bottom panel) in conjunction with the loss of pBcl-2 (Figure 5), the degree of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition was at an insufficient level to induce apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells, as indicated by the lack of active caspase-3 (Figure 7). Our result is not all that unexpected because it has previously been shown that there is considerable intracellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial membrane potential of mitochondria . In effect, the degree of mitochondrial depolarization as indicated by the JC-1 dye represents the collective states of depolarization from a heterogeneous population of mitochondria. We conclude that one must exercise caution when equating mitochondrial depolarization with the onset of apoptosis. Cellular apoptosis/necrosis should be determined only after examination with annexin V/propidium iodide, DNA fragmentation, or caspase-3 or -9 cleavage, or some combination thereof.
In conclusion, the studies presented here further support our previous assertion that GSK-3β is a critical upstream regulator of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition for human lens epithelial cells cultured in atmospheric oxygen. In this study, we have established a direct relationship between the active catalytic site of GSK-3β and the normal functioning of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to open and close. However, inhibiting ERK phosphorylation indirectly overrides the otherwise protective influence of GSK-3β to resist mitochondrial membrane permeability transition through a concomitant loss of pBcl-2 levels leading to mitochondrial depolarization. Restated, the fact that SB216763 and UO126 prevent the phosphorylation of GS suggests that GS phosphorylation, itself, may be regulated by one of the many signaling pathways activated by ERK independent of GSK-3β. At the same time, the ERK pathway also likely independently influences Bcl-2 phosphorylation. The mechanism by which UO126 administration leads to preventing phosphorylation of Bcl-2 is currently not understood and warrants further investigation.
Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that UO126 treatment elicits a significant decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but only upon reintroduction from hypoxia to atmospheric oxygen (unpublished observation). However, UO126 does not have an effect on VEGF expression in hypoxia-maintained cells . VEGF acts as a prosurvival factor in hypoxic lens epithelial cells by maintaining consistent expression of the prosurvival protein Bcl-2, which likely prevents the translocation of cytosolic BAX to the outer mitochondrial membrane, thus preventing the initiation of mitochondrial depolarization . Our laboratory is interested in regulating VEGF as a cell survival protein. Current studies in the laboratory are directed toward elucidating the potential role of GSK-3β in managing the sustained expression of VEGF and how VEGF expression regulates the levels of Bcl-2 and its phosphorylated counterpart as it influences downstream impact on lenticular mitoprotection in atmospheric oxygen (manuscript in preparation).
The authors express their gratitude to Lawrence Oakford for the preparation of all figures and images in this manuscript and to I-Fen Chang for technical support in obtaining the JC-1 image analysis data. | 2019-04-24T09:55:34 | http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v19/2451/ | [
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