| --- |
| license: cc-by-nc-4.0 |
| dataset_info: |
| features: |
| - name: version |
| dtype: string |
| - name: style |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subset |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_info |
| list: |
| - name: docstring |
| dtype: string |
| - name: function_declaration |
| dtype: string |
| - name: function_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: parameter_list |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gpt_pass_sequence |
| list: int64 |
| - name: gpt_pass_trial_num |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: gpt_difficulty |
| dtype: string |
| - name: gpt_pass_percentage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: trials |
| struct: |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_0 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_1 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_2 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_3 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_4 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_5 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_6 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_7 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_8 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trial_gpt4o_9 |
| struct: |
| - name: file_source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_coverage |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: test_result |
| dtype: string |
| - name: chosen_trial |
| dtype: string |
| - name: metadata |
| struct: |
| - name: original_instruction |
| dtype: string |
| - name: prompt_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: row_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: seed_ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: benchmark_similarity |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: benchmark_instruction |
| dtype: string |
| - name: benchmark_task_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: filter_reason |
| dtype: string |
| - name: base_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: variant |
| dtype: string |
| - name: top_function_names |
| list: string |
| - name: n_top_functions |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: helper_call_edges |
| list: |
| list: string |
| - name: n_helper_call_edges |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: harness_functions |
| list: string |
| - name: structural_wrapper |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: class_names |
| list: string |
| - name: has_class |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: test_kind |
| dtype: string |
| - name: test_has_solution_import |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: third_party_imports |
| list: string |
| - name: stdlib_only |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: question_norm_sha1 |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution_ast_sha1 |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 517275943 |
| num_examples: 28914 |
| download_size: 451901715 |
| dataset_size: 517275943 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/train-* |
| language: |
| - en |
| size_categories: |
| - 10K<n<100K |
| tags: |
| - code |
| - python |
| - synthetic |
| - unit-tests |
| source_datasets: |
| - KodCode/KodCode-V1 |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| pretty_name: Multi-function KodCode |
| --- |
| |
| # Multi-function KodCode |
|
|
| A subset of the `train` split of [KodCode/KodCode-V1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/KodCode/KodCode-V1) |
| (revision `97d81f0695ddd7c5c02bfe16436db9a17a4a21e5`) containing only rows whose gold `solution` uses a helper |
| function: it defines at least two top-level functions and at least one of them |
| calls another. A call is a direct call or the function's name passed as a |
| positional argument (a callback such as `cmp_to_key(compare)`). Self-recursion, |
| calls made by a function named `main`, and names shadowed by a parameter or |
| local variable of the caller (e.g. `def is_subsequence(sub, main): ... len(main)`) |
| do not count. Rows whose solution is a single function, or only a class, are |
| removed, and so are the online-judge (`_OJ`, stdin/stdout) rows. The |
| `use_with_caution` split is not included. |
|
|
| **Test-case wrappers are removed too.** Many competitive-programming rows are |
| one real function plus a wrapper that loops over test cases, parses input or |
| formats output (`process_test_cases`, `process_input`, `solve(test_cases)`, |
| ...). A row is dropped when (a) every helper call is made by a function with |
| an unambiguous harness name and one other function remains, or (b) the |
| question mentions multiple test cases / queries, a single function makes every |
| helper call, one other function remains, and that caller only delegates |
| (calls it inside a loop over test cases, converts the result to YES/NO, or |
| parses an input argument first). Rule (b) is a heuristic: in a random sample |
| of 100 rows it removed, 93 were plain wrappers, 4 were borderline and 3 had |
| real logic in the caller. A wrapper that orchestrates two or more real |
| functions is kept. |
|
|
| - Rows: **28,914** (18,722 distinct base questions) |
| - Rows with pytest tests, standard-library imports only, and no top-level class: 24,502 (15,667 base questions) |
|
|
| No original field is modified. All original columns are kept, and the flag |
| columns below are added. |
|
|
| ## Added columns |
|
|
| | Column | Meaning | |
| |---|---| |
| | `base_id` | `question_id` without its style suffix. The `_I` (instruct) and `_C` (complete) rows of one base question share the **same gold solution**; split by `base_id` to avoid leakage. | |
| | `variant` | `I` or `C` | |
| | `top_function_names`, `n_top_functions` | Top-level functions of the gold solution | |
| | `helper_call_edges`, `n_helper_call_edges` | `[caller, callee]` calls between top-level functions (no self-calls, no calls made by `main`) | |
| | `harness_functions` | Top-level functions with a test-case / input / output harness name (kept rows have them only when they orchestrate two or more real functions) | |
| | `structural_wrapper` | Rule (b) above; always `false` in this version | |
| | `class_names`, `has_class` | Top-level classes of the gold solution (methods are not counted as functions) | |
| | `test_kind` | Always `pytest` in this version (online-judge rows were removed) | |
| | `test_has_solution_import` | Whether the test imports from `solution` itself | |
| | `third_party_imports`, `stdlib_only` | Non-standard-library modules imported by the solution or the test | |
| | `question_norm_sha1` | SHA-1 of the whitespace/case-normalized question | |
| | `solution_ast_sha1` | SHA-1 of the solution's AST dump | |
|
|
| ## Counts |
|
|
| By subset: Filter 6,503, Taco 5,538, Data_Structure 3,122, Docs 2,956, Code_Contests 2,832, Codeforces 2,231, Algorithm 1,796, Prefill 1,112, Apps 939, Evol 889, Leetcode 740, Package 256 |
|
|
| By variant: I 18,635, C 10,279 |
|
|
| Top-level functions per solution (6 = six or more): 2: 15,893, 3: 7,746, 4: 3,292, 5: 1,155, 6: 828 |
|
|
| Rows with a top-level class: 2,055; rows needing third-party packages: 2,589. |
|
|
| ## Versions |
|
|
| - Revision `37827e6a` (2026-09-29): 43,605 rows. It counted a name shadowed by a parameter or local variable as a call, which let 74 single-function rows in, and it kept 2 online-judge rows. |
| - Revision `0f8fe081` (2026-09-30): those 74 rows and the online-judge rows removed; 43,530 rows. |
| - This version (2026-10-08): test-case wrappers removed (14,616 rows); 28,914 rows. New columns `harness_functions` and `structural_wrapper` (always false in kept rows). |
|
|
| ## Running the tests |
|
|
| KodCode's own pipeline writes the solution to `solution.py`, prepends |
| `from solution import *` to the test code, saves it as `test_solution.py`, |
| and runs pytest with a 30-second timeout. About 12% of the tests call the |
| solution's functions without importing them, so the prepended import is |
| required. |
|
|
| ## License and attribution |
|
|
| Derived from KodCode-V1, which is released under |
| [CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This subset |
| keeps that license (non-commercial use only). Changes: row filtering as |
| described above, and the added columns. Please cite the original work: |
|
|
| ``` |
| @article{xu2025kodcode, |
| title={KodCode: A Diverse, Challenging, and Verifiable Synthetic Dataset for Coding}, |
| author={Zhangchen Xu and Yang Liu and Yueqin Yin and Mingyuan Zhou and Radha Poovendran}, |
| year={2025}, |
| eprint={2503.02951}, |
| archivePrefix={arXiv}, |
| primaryClass={cs.LG}, |
| url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02951}, |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
