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The present invention relates to fluid purifying apparatus and a method of purifying fluids and more particularly to a novel, compact structure suitable for purifying liquids such as water and to a novel method of accomplishing such liquid purification.
It presently is known in the art of fluid purification to include in a fluid purifying system an arrangement for passing fluid to be purified such as liquid water from the feed side of a reverse osmosis unit to the product side of the reverse osmosis unit and then to an ultimate user during a purifying cycle and then, during a treatment cycle of the reverse osmosis unit, which treatment cycle includes disinfection/rejuvenation, to recirculate the liquid from the product side of the reverse osmosis unit back to the feedMohamed al-Mustafa begged his parents to let him go with his new friends, promising his mother he wouldn't go into the water, since he didn't know how to swim.
The 17-year-old had just moved to the area with his parents and four sisters a few weeks ago after escaping ongoing violence in his war-torn home of Aleppo and living in a refugee camp for 18 months. He was just settling into El Cajon Valley High School, trying to learn English and meet friends in his new home outside of San Diego. He wanted to join the military.
On Sunday evening, the Syrian refugee was last seen wading into the waves at a San Diego beach.
Rescue teams are still searching for the teen, who is believed to have drowned after being
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attempt to appraise his own development, in the light of the more pertinent facts of his education, following this sketch by a series of brief treatments of five interrelated themes where his present views have been most clearly influenced by the external facts of his education and experience. Couching the recital in the third person and omitting subjective judgements on his own development on his own development as far as possible, he will bear in mind that the reader will scarcely be interested in any biographical detail except in so far as it throws convincing light on the main theme.
While independent nonprofit status offers us more opportunity for
longer-term intellectual and academic freedom than perhaps experienced
by many university-based alt-acs, the continual need to secure more
funding to maintain our salarieshanger-on.
Fragment from Lichtheim, Miriam. Telling It Briefly : A Memoir of My Life. Fribourg: University Press, 1999.
A friendly shelter during my final year in Chicago was given me by Pierre Delougaz and his wife Natasha, who had a furnished room to spare. Living with them, and witnessing Natasha's prospering career as a librarian, gave me the idea that I too could become a professional librarian, and could thereby escape the uncertainties, indeed the unlikelihood, of obtaining a university position in Egyptology. Looking back on it, I wonder how I could have thought that a competent young Egyptologist could expect to obtain a professional position in a university or a museum. It was mere youthful ignorance.
One confession I have to make, and one for which I can hardly hope
for
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on Hernandez, which CNN obtained through a public records request. The disciplinary record provides one of the first looks into Hernandez's life behind bars before his death on April 19 . The Medical Examiner has ruled it a suicide
The red marks on Hernandez, surveillance footage would later show, stemmed from a fight in his cell the morning of May 17, 2015, one of several fights Hernandez would engage in during his time in prison, according to prison records.
In all, Hernandez racked up about a dozen separate disciplinary offenses between May 2015 and October 2016, including three fistfights, two smoking-related issues, two surprise prison tattoos and possession of a nearly six-inch sharpened metal shiv.
Hernandez, the former NFL star, had been serving a life sentence since April 2015, when hewas convicted of the 2013 killing of Odin Lloyd. He was found hanged in his cell last month, just days after his acquittal in a separate double homicide.
Yet throughout his high-profile legal troubles, Hernandez himself largely remained silent. He did not testify at either murder trial and did not communicate publicly to the press.
Prison officials and attorneys for Hernandez did not respond to requests for comment.
Fights
CNN has previously reported parts of the above incident from May 17, 2015, in which Hernandez was disciplined for being a lookout as two other prisoners fought in his cell. The fight was believed to be gang-related, a law enforcement source with knowledge of the incident said at the time.
Though described as a lookout, Hernandez was seen on surveillance video entering and exiting
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| 40,448,027
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and increase the volume of the oil.
Many different systems have been developed to address the issues of cooling the exhaust conduit of a marine propulsion system, storing lubricating oil in a reservoir, preventing the overheating of the lubricating oil, and directly cooling the exhaust as it emerges from the internal combustion engine.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,687, which issued to Idzikowski et al on Jan. 30, 1996, discloses a midsection and cowl assembly for an outboard marine drive. The marine drive has a midsection between the upper power head and the lower gear case and has a removable midsection cowl assembly which includes first and second sections. The midsection housing includes an oil sump in one embodiment and further includes an exhaust passage encircled by cooling water and partially encircledfrom the engine within the encasing member. After passing downwardly along the exhaust pipe, the coolant is finally directed towards an exhaust gas expansion chamber and a cooling water jacket provided around the expansion chamber. In order to prevent any of the cooling water from splashing back up against an oil reservoir, which is also located within the casing, a cover is provided across the tops of the expansion chamber and its accompanying cooling water jacket. Cooling water or air may fill the voids separating the various components contained within the encasing. The arrangement is particularly effective in preventing the corrosion of the oil reservoir housing due to back splashed coolant when the watercraft is operated in salt water. It cools the components contained within the encasing and
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| 40,448,852
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This is the moment armed police interrupted a mob of masked men filming a Drill music video in a park.
Officers ambushed the group at London Fields in Hackney, east London, at about 8.45pm on Wednesday.
'Armed police! Hands on your head!' one can be heard shouting at the bewildered youths, who can be seen lining up against a fence.
Footage of the search was posted to the '@UKRap' Twitter page with the caption: 'Armed police interrupt a drill video shoot in London.'
It has since been liked and retweeted hundreds of times.
Police were called to the area after a reported sighting of a firearm. The youths were searched and no arrests were made.
Drill music is a hip-hop subgenre which has been blamed for fuelling gang war in London.
Lyrics focus on ganglife, drugs, guns and killing.
Armed police interrupting a mob of masked men filming a Drill music video in a park in east London
The hooded mob obeying the instruction to put their hands on their heads and line up against the fence at the London Fields park in Hackney
One of the officers who rounded up the rappers and searched them on Wednesday. No arrests were made
Hundreds of videos posted to online platforms such as YouTube feature UK rappers threatening and provoking people from rival areas.
London Fields is one of Hackney's most popular parks and is kitted out with facilities including a paddling pool, cricket pitch and cafe.
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Technician from London.
In this new series, we talk to film fanatics from all around the United Kingdom about their passion for film photography and the best places to shoot in their hometown. Today, we meet David Morrow from Warwickshire.
In this new series, we talk to film fanatics from all around the United Kingdom about their passion for film photography and the best places to shoot in their hometown. Today, we meet Alexandra Huemer from Liverpool.
In a new series, we talk to film fanatics from all around the UK about their passion for film photography and their favourite places to shoot in their home town. Today we go to Southgate in London to meet Dale Wightman who works at Middlesex University, loves the Spinner and DJ's at the SilentDiscos.
In a new series, we talk to film fanatics from all around the UK about their passion for film photography and their favourite places to shoot in their home town. Today we go to Billinge in Merseyside to meet Ray McKean who has a wealth of knowledge about film cameras.
In this new series, we talk to film fanatics from all around the UK about their passion for film photography and the best places to shoot in their home town. Today we go to Bristol to meet Justin Quinnell, a freelance photographer who has made pinholes out of bins and homemade 3D cameras. He is a true film photography experimenter!
In a new series, we talk to film fanatics from all around the UK about their passion for film photography
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| 40,450,697
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hearing and the eventual ruling would come amid the 2016 presidential campaign.Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Samuel Alito, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas would have allowed the state to move ahead with regulations requiring abortion facilities to be constructed like surgical centers. Doctors at all clinics also would be required to have admitting privileges at a local hospital.The clinics said enforcing the new regulations would lead to a second major wave of clinic closures statewide since the law was enacted in 2013. Texas had 41 abortion clinics in 2012; 19 remain.The admitting privileges requirement already is in effect in much of the state. Stephanie Toti, a lawyer for the Center for Reproductive Rights that is representing the clinics, said some clinics that closed because doctors lacked admittingOregon State University's Board of Trustees Friday approved a budget of more than $1.3 billion for the next fiscal year, beginning in July.
The board is asking university leaders to prioritize funding toward recruiting and retaining students and faculty and promoting diversity and inclusivity. Other key priorities include advancing construction on the OSU-Cascades campus in Bend.
THANKS TO OUR SPONSOR: Become a Sponsor
How the university will balance its budget remains unclear, while facing flattening student enrollment and a potential lack of additional funding from the state.
Gov. Kate Brown's proposed 2019-21 budget noted no additional funding for the state's Public University Support Fund.
Related: Startup University Challenge: How To Scale Up, Without Losing What Works
THANKS TO OUR SPONSOR: Become a Sponsor
OSU budget planners have projected a budget gap of about $18 million
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| 40,452,330
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Company Profile
Xinwei Profile
Founded in 1995, Beijing Xinwei Telecom Technology, Inc. possesses advanced technology with exclusive Intellectual Property Rights and has become a driving force in the modern industry of wireless communications. The company is a high tech enterprise which integrates research, development, manufacture, sales, installation and customer services. Its headquarters as well as the main research center is located in Beijing . Chongqing Xinwei, a subsidiary company of Beijing Xinwei, is one of China 's model firms. With its immense manufacturing capability and efficient quality control system, Chongqing Xinwei has got the approval of ISO9001 certification. The other subsidiary company, Shenzhen Xinwei, plays an important role in research and development of network technology and products.
The company is focused on the most efficient use of smart antenna based solutionsthe Daqing oil field in Northeastern China. With the opening up of international markets Xinwei solutions are now deployed in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Middle East.
In addition, with Xinwei's independent Intellectual Property Rights, McWiLL can also play a
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| 40,454,087
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line.
The holiday season is upon us in the North Bay, which means festive fun with family and friends, holiday decorations and delicious food, and of course, gifts. Sonoma, Napa and Marin Counties are shopping meccas, and during the holiday season there is no shortage of shopping options.
As you drive northbound through the beautiful rolling hills of Marin County and southern Sonoma, Highway 101 takes you around one more turn and the grand view of the City of Petaluma opens up in front of you. Petaluma is a transliteration of the Coast Miwok phrase péta lúuma, which means hill backside. No matter which direction you view Petaluma from, the name is as obvious as the city is attractive.
The state legislature seems to be working overtime to write, revise, refreshvineyards and sweeping views of the Mayacamas. The winery opened its new tasting room in February and offers a study in contrasts. The tasting room features modern cabinetry, wood floors and smells of new construction, but Zialena is a fourth generation winery, rich in history and tradition.
Your best prospects are looking for businesses like yours online. We now live in a digital age where every business must have a strong online presence if it expects to retain and attract new customers.
Located along St. Helena Highway, Markham Vineyards is one of the oldest wineries in Napa Valley, established by Jean Laurent, an immigrant from Bordeaux, France. Laurent came to California seeking gold during the rush, but instead found his way into the winemaking business.
Apparently, government agencies and business groups
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| 40,454,404
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Jakar Festival
11 Nights/11 Days
The three-day festival showcases several sacred mask dances. The festival also hosts different types of folk songs and dances. People visit the festival dressed in their finest clothes and the festival is also popular among tourists.
Palden Tshewang is the founder
and primary tour guide
of Silver Dragon Adventures.
He was raised in Eastern Bhutan and
has traveled extensively throughout Bhutan.
Palden and Silver Dragon
are able to provide you a program
of adventures and education
to suit your needs. Read more...
Request a brochure
Inspire your next adventure with a copy of our newest catalog.
Request nowand two cases of sexual molestation. The international request and the European Arrest Warrant are confirmed in accordance with the decision of the District Court. 30 November 2010 Julian Assange appeals the arrest warrant issued by Svea Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court. 2 December 2010 The Supreme Court takes a decision not to grant Julian Assange leave to appeal. The decision of the Svea Court of Appeal stands. On the request of the British police, additional information is added to the European Arrest Warrant concerning the maximum penalty in Sweden for the crimes of sexual molestation and unlawful coercion. British proceedings 7 december 2010 Julian Assange is arrested by British police. 16 December 2010 At a hearing on detention at Westminster Magistrates Court in London, the
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concurred with a new report slamming the failure of indigenous policy to deliver results in alleviating Indigenous disadvantage. However, he says the real problem is the lack of Indigenous involvement with policy development and delivery.
The publishing partner of the International Herald Tribune in Pakistan, the Express Tribune, has reported that some of the sheep were killed inhumanely and that almost half the sheep are either dead or missing.
With a week to go until the US Republican Party convention when Mitt Romney will formally accept his party's nomination for president, the race for the White House is becoming increasingly bitter and personal. A group with Republican links has launched a stinging television advertisement, attacking president Barack Obama for claiming credit for killing Osama bin Laden. Meanwhile, the Romney campaignhas been expressi...
The federal independent, Tony Windsor, is cautioning Labor MPs against a leadership change, saying his deal to support the Government is with the Prime Minister, Julia Gillard, and if the party dumps her, it may have to face the voters much sooner than it wants. Meanwhile, the Prime Minister says she's focussed on doing her job, but again has been dogged by questions of leadership.
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| 40,455,445
|
a Czech mechanic he had met during his time in the air force. The company began modifying various automobiles for customers. Before long, work began on the first 'Buc' automobile. Albert and Angelo promoted the family name and the business by entering their creations in many sporting events. Angelo served as the riding mechanic. After the business became well established, Angelo was placed in charge of marketing and sales.In 1922, the first 'Buc' automobile had been created and it was shown at the Paris Auto Show. The vehicle was a technological marvel, powered by a supercharged two-stroke four-cylinder engine in 'vee' configuration. The response to the vehicle was positive and several orders were secured. Though production took a long time to complete as designs were continually changed andimproved, many of the customers accommodated the lag.After only a few conventional cars had been created, the brothers examined the direction of the company and were forced to make a tough decision. Albert's passion and talents were with engineering and the business was headed in the conventional car creation business. After much thought, the decision was made to refocus the company as an engineering firm. The company named was changed to 'Bucciali Freres'.Albert began working on a front-wheel drive configuration. At the time, all vehicles were rear wheel drive. Many believed that having the front wheels be responsible for turning, carrying the bulk of the weight, providing stopping power and for driving were too much. With the rear wheel drive systems, the weight could be dispersed throughout the
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| 40,455,633
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body to take advantage of weight distributed. Having a front wheel drive configuration meant that the normal mechanical configuration required rearrangement. On occasion, the four-cylinder engine was installed backwards in the chassis. The result of Albert's work was called the Bucciali TAV, for Traction Avant. It was shown at the 1926 Paris Motorshow where it gained much attention due to its mechanical ingenuity and for its paint scheme. Since Albert's wife, who had entered the marriage with a great deal of wealth, had funded most of this endeavor, she had the car painted in purple with a polished aluminum hood.After the success of the TAV1, Albert improved upon the design by incorporating two double spheres, which he patented in 1927. The front-wheel drive TAV 2 was introduced in1928 and shown at various shows. Though it was impressive and proved the concept, no orders were placed.The brothers returned to the Paris Motorshow in 1929 with the TAV 2 and an updated version named the TAV 3. The TAV 3 was powered by an eight-cylinder Continental engine. Again, much interest in the design was shown. The brothers embarked on a tour of the United States where they showcased the vehicles potential and the benefits of a front-wheel design. The cars proved that they had advantage in snowy conditions where the extra weight of the engine helped provided additional traction for the driving wheels. Finally, an agreement was signed with Peerless which allowed them to use the design. The agreement stated that the brothers could distribute the design
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| 40,455,635
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in Europe.The brothers retuned back to Europe and Albert continued his work on improving the automobile. He created designs for a V16 engine which was later shown at the 1930 Paris Motorshow. They did find a customer at the show, Georges Roure, who was interested in purchasing a vehicle with the sixteen cylinder engine. After he was informed that production would take a considerable amount of time, possibly over a year, he switched his order to an eight-cylinder unit. Work began on the vehicle and it was officially dubbed the TAV 8-32. During construction, Roure changed his mind and requested that a Voisin twelve-cylinder engine be fitted in the engine bay. The car was completed in late November of 1931 and Albert and Roure drove it on a1000 km journey to Nice where they entered it in a concours d'elegance. During the trip, the builder and owner were able to enjoy the mechanical ingenuity. The car had been fitted with a body by Guillet, which had not impressed either the buyer or the builder. At the concurs d'elegance, the vehicle was awarded the Grand Prix d'Honneur.Roure would later have the bodywork replaced by Saoutchick. The design named 'Fleche d'Or', meaning Golden Arrow, was selected. By April of 1932 the work had been completed and Roure officially took possession of the Bucciali TAV. The flying storks of the original bodywork were carried over into the Saoutchik design.During the very early 1930s, Albert's wife Emily had grown reluctant to fund any further endeavors. She had spent a
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| 40,455,637
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Swaminarayan himself, Shastri Yagnapurushdas was convinced. Thereafter, Bhagatji Maharaj began explaining the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana to Shastri Yagnapurushdas. One important discourse involved Vachnamrut Loya 12, which explained the concept of Akshar and Purushottam. Bhagatji Maharaj explained that Gunatitanand Swami was the ideal devotee of Swaminarayan and all devotees should aspire to become like him in order to develop firm conviction in Purushottam. Shastri Yagnapurushdas became a staunch proponent of the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana and began spreading this philosophy despite opposition from some members of the Vadtal diocese of the Swaminarayan Sampraday.
Under Bhagatji Maharaj, Shastri Yagnapurushdas also refined his knowledge of the major Hindu scriptures and the Vachanamrut before undergoing periods of tutelage under Tyaganand Brahmachari and undertaking a course on Sanskrit studies under the famous Rangacharya of the Madhva Sampraday.A 12-year-old boy has died after being hit by a boat propeller at a Long Island yacht club Tuesday, police say.
The boy was among three children getting a sailing lesson at the Centerport Yacht Club Tuesday afternoon, and the sailboat was intentionally capsized as part of a lesson, according to Suffolk Police Assistant Commissioner Justin Meyers.
The kids, who were all wearing life vests, were plucked from the water into an adjacent motor boat, a Zodiac.
As the boat headed back to the dock, it accelerated and turned, hitting a wave, police said. The 12-year-old boy fell backward into the water and got tangled in the moving boat propeller.
It all happened in seconds, police said.
The instructor performed CPR on the boy, who was taken to Huntington Hospital, where he died.
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| 40,455,653
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feel how much I was implicated in shortening his existence. Neither of the others were attacked, the last vaccination having taken full effect; but they were allowed to remain in the hospital for some time longer, until I could make satisfactory arrangements for them. While they were under Dr. Dickson's care, in the hospital, his own children had the measles; and thinking that it would be a good opportunity to carry the little Fuegian girl through that illness, he prepared her for it, and then took her into his house, among his own children; where she had a very favourable attack, and recovered thoroughly.
Of course, I was anxious that no time should be lost in arranging a plan for their education and maintenance; and deeming the Church Missionarythem at Walthamstow; and the schoolmaster and his wife were equally pleased to find the future inmates of their house very well disposed, quiet, and cleanly people; instead of fierce and dirty savages.
At Walthamstow they remained from December 1830 till October 1831; and during all that time were treated with the utmost kindness by the benevolent men whose names I have mentioned; by their families, and by many others in the
neighbourhood, as well as casual visitors, who became much interested in their welfare, and from time to time gave them several valuable presents.
The attention of their instructor was directed to teaching them English, and the plainer truths of Christianity, as the first object; and the use of common tools, a slight acquaintance with husbandry, gardening, and mechanism, as
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| 40,455,693
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that a small vessel should be sent to Tierra del Fuego, the Hydrographer of the Admiralty was referred to for his opinion, as to what addition she might make to the yet incomplete surveys of that country, and other places which she might visit.
Captain Beaufort embraced the opportunity of expressing his anxiety for the continuance of the South American Surveys, and mentioning such objects, attainable by the Beagle, as he thought most desirable: and it was soon after intimated to me that the voyage might occupy several years. Desirous of adding as much as possible to a work in which I had a strong interest, and entertaining the hope that a chain of meridian distances might be carried round the world if we returned to England across theadvantage to her as a sea boat, besides adding so materially to the comfort of all on board. While in dock, a sheathing of two-inch fir plank was nailed on the vessel's bottom, over which was a coating of felt, and then new copper. This sheathing added about fifteen tons to her displacement, and nearly seven to her actual measurement. Therefore, instead of 235 tons, she might be considered about 242 tons burthen. The rudder was fitted according to the plan of Captain Lihou: a patent windlass supplied the place of a capstan: one of Frazer's stoves, with an oven attached, was taken instead of a common 'galley' fire-place; and the lightning-conductors, invented by Mr. Harris, were fixed in all the masts, the bowsprit, and even in the
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| 40,455,709
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not permit, at Teneriffe, the Beagle should, 2dly, proceed with the least possible delay to Port Praya, in the Cape de Verde Islands, not only to establish a fresh four days' rate; but that point being the pivot on which all Captain Owen's longitudes turn, no pains should be spared in verifying the position he has assumed for it. From thence, 3dly, she should make the best of her way across the Line to Fernando Noronha. This island, indeed, lies somewhat to the westward of her track, and may retard her progress a little; yet a series of chronometric observations there is essential to the object in view, because it forms the third nearly equal division of the whole run, and because it was the point of junctionof Commander Foster's double line of longitudes. If two or three days' delay at either of these two last stations will enable him to obtain satisfactory occultations, and moon culminating observations, which are likely to be seen in this country, the increased certainty of the results will well atone for that loss of time. The Commander will, of course, be careful to adopt, in all those stations, the precise spot of the former observations, with which his are to be compared. The Governor of Fernando Noronha was peculiarly obliging to Commander Foster, and gave up part of his own house for the pendulum experiments. There will be no occasion now for trespassing so heavily on his kindness; but the difference of longitude between that station and Commander Fitz-Roy's
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me, for I thought that we should have been set westward. At daylight on the 28th we made the land about Bahia, and before noon were at anchor in the port.
As we sailed in rapidly from the monotonous sea, and passed close along the steep but luxuriantly wooded north shore, we were much struck by the pleasing view. After the light-house was passed, those by whom the scene was unexpected were agreeably surprised by a mass of wood, clinging to a steep bank, which rose abruptly from the dark-blue sea, showing every tint of green, enlivened by bright sunshine, and contrasted by deep shadow: and the general charm was heightened by turretted churches and convents, whose white walls appeared above the waving palm trees; by numerous shipping atalready entailed some of its lamentable consequences upon the Brazilians, in demoralizing them by extreme indolence, and its sure accompaniment, gross sensuality; but there are in store afflictions hitherto unfelt, occasioned by the growing hordes of enemies who are yearly causing more perplexity and dread in the territories of Brazil.
Could the Brazilians see clearly their own position, unanimously condemn and prevent the selfish conduct of individuals, emancipate the slaves now in their country, and decidedly prevent the introduction of more, Brazil would commence a career of prosperity, and her population would increase in an unlimited degree. In that immense and most fertile country, distress cannot be caused by numerous inhabitants; food is abundant, and the slight clothing required in so warm a climate is easily procured.
The chief, if
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those of old friends and shipmates, who were on board her at the awful time of her wreck.
The Thetis sailed from Rio de Janeiro on the 4th of December 1830, and worked to the southward all day, against a southerly wind and thick foggy weather. At 1h. 30m. A.M. on the 5th, she saw Raza Island for the last time, bearing N.W. by W., and distant eight or nine miles. The weather was still hazy, indeed at times very thick, and the wind south-east. She stood off on the larboard tack until seven A.M., and then the wind having increased, and a cross sea getting up, she wore to the eastward. Soon afterwards the wind drew to SS.E., and the ship was kept by the wind on the
starboardland; but, in jumping ashore, many slipped, and were drowned in the surf, or crushed against the rocks. The stern and lee quarter boats were dashed to pieces, as the surf hove the ship against the cliff, and no boat was then available; for the others were either stove, or so covered with wreck, that they could not be used. Finding that the anchor, which had been let go, did no good, but seemed to keep her tailing upon the rocks, the cable was slipped, after which her head fell off to the westward. It was then found that the water was gaining, and the winches were worked. Successive waves threw her starboard quarter upon the rocks; and the effects of repeatedly striking were soon but too apparent,
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as the water burst open the spirit-room hatches.
At this moment a small opening appeared, into which the ship providentially drove. It was at first thought that this was the opening into Cape Frio Harbour; but it proved to be only a very small cove, or indentation of the rocky cliffs. While drifting close along the rocks into this cove, a hawser was passed ashore, by which afterwards several persons landed. The ship struck heavily in the cove, gave some tremendous yawns, and sunk. As she then lay upon the rocky bottom, each succeeding wave broke over and just covered her. By a violent surge, the rock to which the hawser above-mentioned had been made fast, was torn away; and, for a short time, all
hope of further communication withthe land was suspended. Every effort that could be made to convey a rope to the shore was attempted in vain, until Mr. Geach, the boatswain, went out on the stump of the bowsprit, and by the help of two belaying-pins, succeeded in throwing the end of a small rope to the rocks, by which a large one was immediately hauled ashore, and then kept as much stretched as the strength of the men who had landed would allow. On this larger rope each man was slung, in his turn, and hauled by the small one through the surf to a rough craggy rock. Mr. Geach and John Langley, the captain of the forecastle, were among the last to leave the ship, having almost exhausted themselves in slinging
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their shipmates.
As day-light broke, the last man was hauled ashore. Many were terribly bruised and lacerated by the fall of the masts, or during these struggles for life, and twenty-five persons perished. Some of the officers made their way to a small village near Cape Frio, and obtained horses, and a guide who conducted them to Rio de Janeiro, where the melancholy news was communicated to the commander-in-chief. The captain, the other officers, and the crew, remained near the place of the wreck, waiting for assistance.
An adequate cause for so great an error in the reckoning of only nineteen hours as that which occasioned the loss of this fine ship and twenty-five souls, besides the personal property of those on board, and a large freight of treasure, isthat space of sea where the Thetis was detained nineteen.
In all probability, such a current as that which drove the Thetis on the rocks is only to be found during southerly winds, and in the summer season of that climate, when the general set of the current is along the coast, towards the south and west.
If a man of war is accidentally lost, a degree of astonishment is expressed at the unexpected fate of a fine ship, well found, well manned, and well officered; and blame is imputed to some one: but before admitting a hastily-formed opinion as fact, much inquiry is necessary. As in the case of the Thetis, an English man-of-war may incur risk in consequence of a praiseworthy zeal to avoid delaying in port, as
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,846
|
of her officers, on an excursion to the interior part of the extensive harbour of Rio de Janeiro. One of the ship's boys, who was in the same party, lay dangerously ill, and young Musters seemed destined to be another victim to this deadly fever.
It was while the interior of the Beagle was being painted, and no duty going on except at the little observatory on Villegagnon Island, that those officers who could be spared made this excursion to various parts of the harbour. Among other places they were in the river Macacu, and passed a night there. No effect was visible at the time; the party returned in apparent health, and in high spirits; but two days had not elapsed when the seaman, named Morgan, complained ofthe three who perished had done different from the rest; and discovered that it was believed they had bathed during the heat of the day, against positive orders, and unseen by their companions; and that Morgan had slept in the open air, outside the tent, the night they passed on the bank of the Macacu.
As far as I am aware, the risk, in cases such as these, is chiefly encountered by sleeping on shore, exposed to the air on or near the low banks of rivers, in woody or marshy places subject to great solar heat. Those who sleep in boats, or under tents, suffer less than persons sleeping on shore and exposed; but they are not always exempt, as the murderous mortalities on the coast of Africa
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,862
|
by lightning, and damaged, while lying at anchor off Buenos Ayres, in the river Plata, a locality extremely subject to vivid lightning, yet different in every respect from that of Rio de Janeiro: one being a flat, open country, near a fresh water river, and in latitude 34°; the other a mountainous and woody region, near the sea, and within the tropic of Capricorn.
On the 5th of July we sailed from Rio de Janeiro, honoured by a salute, not of guns, but of hearty cheers from H.M.S. Warspite. Strict etiquette might have been offended at such a compliment to a little ten-gun brig, or, indeed, to any vessel unless she were going out to meet an enemy, or were returning into port victorious: but although not about toencounter a foe, our lonely vessel was going to undertake a task laborious, and often dangerous, to the zealous execution
of which the encouragement of our brother-seamen was no trifling inducement.
While in harbour, a few alterations had been made in the disposition of our guns and stores, as well as some slight changes in the sails and rigging; and as the Beagle's equipment afterwards remained unaltered, I will here briefly describe it. She was rigged as a bark; her masts were strongly supported by squarer cross-trees and tops, and by larger rigging than usual in vessels of her tonnage.* Chains were used where found to answer, and in no place was a block or a sheave allowed which did not admit the proper rope or chain freely. There were
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,878
|
all nations; for it is, excepting Rio de Janeiro, and perhaps Bahia, the best trading port on the east coast of South America; and, considering its situation, capabilities, and productions, is a place in which seamen must always have an interest. It enjoys the advantages of a temperate climate; an extensive and accessible harbour; a most fertile country, abounding in the necessaries of life; and a mercantile position of much importance. The people are more inclined to exert themselves than those in northern Brazil; a difference arising partly, no doubt, from effect of climate;
but chiefly from their having descended from active and enterprising, though lawless settlers, who were ejected from other places; and from a few respectable colonists induced to emigrate from the Azores. Before I quit theneighbourhood of frequented ports on this coast, one possessing peculiar interest, Santos, ought to be mentioned; to remind seamen that they may there also obtain any refreshments, and secure their ships in a sheltered creek, quite easy of access. For several leagues round Santos there is an extensive flat, covered with thick woods, but intersected by rivers and salt water inlets, whose banks are lined with thickets of mangrove trees. Inland a mountain range abruptly rises to the height of two or three thousand feet, every where clothed with almost impenetrable forests. The climate is, however, unhealthy in December, January, and February; and during the whole year there is a great deal of rain.
Returning to the coast southward of Santa Catharina, I may mention that Cape Santa Martha,
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,884
|
into the sea. Poor fellow, he swam well, but in vain: the ship was unmanageable, almost overset, the weather quarter boat stove, and the lee one under water: a grating was thrown to him, and the life-buoy let go, but he was seen no more. Another man was supposed to have been carried overboard with the main-topmast, as he was last seen on the cap.
The starboard quarter boat was stove by the force of the wind; and the other was washed away: and so loud was the sound of the tempest, that I did not hear the masts break, though standing, or rather holding, by the mizen rigging. Never before or since that time have I witnessed such strength, or, I may say, weight of wind: thunder, lightning,in the bay, was hauled ashore, just above high-water mark, and fastened, by a strong rope, to a large stone. After the storm it was found far from the beach, shattered to pieces, but still fast to the stone, which it had dragged along. Not many days after our disaster, while lying in Maldonado bay, repairing damages, another pampero assailed the Beagle; but though it did her no injury, it blew the boat, stove by its predecessor, away from the place on shore where she was being repaired, and left no trace of her behind.
Singular fluctuations occur in the river Plata before and after these pamperoes.* For some days previously the river rises, and it is always higher than usual when the south-west wind begins: but, after a
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,896
|
few hours, the water falls rapidly, and vessels are left aground: indeed instances have been known of the upper parts of the river, near Buenos Ayres, being so much emptied by strong south-westerly, or westerly winds, that men have rode several miles into its bed, to places where ships usually anchor. I have myself known the water fall, in the outer road, off Buenos Ayres, from six to two fathoms, in less than twelve hours, in a place where the usual depth was four fathoms. Such a change as this would not be thought remarkable where tides usually rise several fathoms; but in the river Plata, where there is very little, if any, tide, where the width of the channel is so great in proportion to its depth,and the confining boundaries are so low, and in many places easily overflowed, a variation of four fathoms cannot take place without causing great difficulties and destruction. In this particular instance,† a heavy gale from the eastward dammed up the river for some days; and then changing, by the south, to the west-ward, emptied it again proportionably. Small craft were left literally scattered about the low country bordering on the river near Buenos Ayres, and many vessels never floated again. By that gale, which blew directly up the river, and raised a heavy sea, every vessel was driven ashore from the inner road of Buenos Ayres, except a schooner. Fourteen English merchant vessels lay high and dry upon the shore next day, most of them totally lost. The
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,899
|
Owen Glendower, bearing the broad pendant of Sir Thomas Hardy, the Icarus brig, and two or three merchant vessels, anchored in the outer road, weathered it out with topmasts struck; but all drove considerably, except the frigate, and she brought both anchors ahead, backed by
* Although generally considered by strangers to refer solely to a squall, or storm, the term pampero is applied by the natives of the country to every south-westerly wind, whether moderate or a hurricane.
stream anchors with half a cable on each, and riding with a whole cable on each bower, in four fathoms water, over very soft tenacious ground. Part of her forecastle netting was washed away by the sea, though she was an excellent roadster, and at that time drawing a foot lesswater than usual. She also lost a boat in a manner so likely to be of future occurrence, that I will yet digress, in hopes of being useful, by relating the incident.
Her barge, ably managed by an experienced seaman,* had tried to beat off from the town to the ship, during the commencement of the gale, but could get no farther than the leewardmost merchantman in the outer road. Astern of that vessel she was made fast by a strong hawser, and there rode out the gale admirably until the current began to set out of the river: when the boat was carried against the vessel, and knocked to pieces before any thing could be done to save her, as the sea was running high, and the wind
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,901
|
still blowing a gale. The Druid frigate, when lying there,† would have lost a boat in the same way, had it not been one of those excellent diagonal boats, built by Mr. Johns; for it was taken, by the strong weather current, under the ship's bottom, and kept striking there long enough to have broken any ordinary boat into a thousand pieces; but nevertheless she appeared again with only her gunwales injured, the bottom being still perfectly sound.
The Plata has been called by the Spaniards 'El Infierno de los marineros;' sufficient stress has not however been laid on the redeeming qualities which it possesses in having anchoring ground every where, and in soundings, whose nature tells whether you are approaching danger; as on and near the banks thecontinues to fall, and, generally speaking, the river is low while the mercury is steady and above the average height, which I should consider to be 29·9 inches. In the Plata I never saw the barometer higher than 30·3, nor lower than 29·4.* I will not delay here to speak of corresponding elevations or depressions of the ocean at other parts of the South American coast, and attempt to trace out the effects of gales in high latitudes, the space through which those winds extend, and whether they reach or affect places in a low or even middle latitude; but leaving such inquiries for another place, take a few more glances at the vicinity of the Plata, and then continue the narrative.
Having already noticed the width and average
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,903
|
of venturous associates separated from us, and steered into False Bay.† The Beagle anchored for the night, and next day pursued her route towards Monte Video, where she arrived on the 26th.
Desirous of communicating with the Government at Buenos Ayres, and measuring the difference of meridians between that city and Monte Video, we weighed anchor on the 31st, proceeded up the river, and remained in the outer roadstead, off Buenos Ayres, until the 10th of November. We then employed three days in verifying the positions of some banks,‡ as laid down in Heywood's and other charts, and returned to Monte Video on the 14th.
It is not prudent for any vessel drawing more than ten feet water to remain under sail in this part of the river, while itany serious accident, the Beagle sailed from Monte Video; and, after filling water near Cape Jesu Maria,† hastened to look after her little assistants, left near Bahia Blanco.
In this trip we benefitted by the assistance of Mr. Robert N. Hamond, an early and much esteemed friend of mine, who was lent to the Beagle from H.M.S. Druid, of which he was then a mate.
December 3d. Soon after daylight we saw the very low islands, just to the northward of San Blas. I wished to have made Point Rubia, but was set twenty miles northward, during the night, by the flood tide. We stood directly towards the shore, but when eight miles from it found a wide breadth of discoloured water, and the depth shoaled suddenly from ten to
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,455,966
|
part of Tierra del Fuego have neither canoes nor horses. The natives of the southern and western islands, and of the shores of Otway and Skyring waters, also the people who live upon the western islands and coast of Patagonia, have canoes, but no horses.
The Patagonians are now divided into four parties, each of which has a separate though ill-defined territory. Each of these parties has a leader, or cacique; but they speak one language, and are evidently subdivisions of one tribe. When mutually convenient, they all assemble in one place: but if food becomes scarce, or quarrels happen, each party withdraws to its own territory. At such times one body will encroach upon the hunting grounds of another, and a battle is the consequence. About four hundredadults, and a rather large proportion of children, are in each of these parties: the number of women being to that of the men as three to one. Near the Strait of Magalhaens about fourteen hundred Patagonians have been lately seen encamped together for a short time; but usually there is only one horde, of about four hundred grown people, in that neighbourhood.
or portion of a tribe. It may consist of about six hundred men and women, besides children.
Beyond a range of high mountains to the southward of the Yacana, is the tribe formerly called Key-uhue, now probably the Tekeenica. These are the smallest, and apparently the most wretched of the Fuegians. They inhabit the shores and neighbourhood of the Beagle Channel. The number of adults in this
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,011
|
was seated, when there was a most inconsistent scramble, which nearly swamped it. However, after pushing out a few of the intruders, the party reached the vessel in safety. On board her was a Patagonian boy, who had been four months with Mr. Low, and had been clothed at Monte Video. He had recognized Capitan Chups at a distance, said who he was, and showed by his manner that he considered him a person of high distinction. The little cacique called this boy, asked him many questions, and examined every part of his dress. Afterwards the boy joined some of his own family, who were present. He had before refused to go to the party at Gregory Bay, while there in the vessel, alleging that they were nothis people.
Mr. Low said, that the tribe on the banks of this channel were mixed, being partly horse and partly canoe Indians. They were entirely under the dominion of the Gregory Bay party, who appointed their chiefs. Maria's son, called 'Capitan Chico,' was their ruler, until the arrival of Capitan Chups.
Yet Mr. Low did not think that the little capitan belonged to any of the families residing near Gregory Bay, but to some part of the same tribe who live far inland. Maria's son, Chico, was subsequently cacique, or acting as cacique of the Gregory Bay party. Had this western tribe been under the dominion of the Gregory Bay party, would the successor to Chico have been taken from a tribe who live far inland?
The apparent mixture of
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,122
|
show much hardiness and daring, being always ready to defend their own property, or resent any ill treatment; and they are enterprising thieves.
When the intentions of the natives are hostile, the women and children are kept out of the way; the men are quite naked, their bodies painted more than usual, and the leader of the party has a band of white feathers around his head.
Mr. Low had a Fuegian boy on board the Adeona, who learned to speak English very tolerably, during eighteen months that he staid on board as a pilot and interpreter. This boy, whose name, among the sealers, was Bob, was one of the Chonos tribe, and had never been south of Magalhaens Strait before he embarked with Mr. Low. He said, that incases of extreme distress, caused by hunger, human flesh was eaten, and that when they had recourse to such food, the oldest women invariably suffered. The poor creatures escaped to the woods, if possible, at such a time, but were soon found and brought back by force. They were killed by suffocation, their heads being held over the thick smoke of a fire made of green wood, and their throats squeezed by the merciless hands of their own relations. This boy imitated the piercing cries of the miserable victims whom he had seen sacrificed. He also mentioned that the breasts, belly, hands, and feet, were most liked. When first questioned on this subject, he showed no reluctance in answering any questions about it; but after a time, perceiving
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,175
|
how much shocked his English companions were at the story, and how much disgust it excited among the crew of the vessel, he refused to talk of it again.
The different tribes of canoe Indians are generally upon hostile terms with each other, as well as with the horse Indians. This may be more particularly noticed about the western entrance of Magalhaens Strait, where the tribes which inhabit opposite sides* are particularly inveterate in their hostility.
On the west coast of Patagonia, from the Strait of Magalhaens to Cape Tres Montes, Mr. Low found that the natives seemed to be of one tribe, and upon friendly terms with one another. A man, whose native name was Niqueaccas, was taken on board Mr. Low's vessel, near Cape Victory, as a pilot,
andhe afterwards proved to be acquainted with all the natives met with along the coast as far north as the parallel of 47°. He was always glad to see the various parties of Indians whom they met, and was invariably well received by them. Perfectly acquainted with every part of the coast, he was able to point out excellent harbours, as well as the best seal 'rookeries.' Niqueaccas and the boy Bob were of the same tribe; but whenever he was spoken to about eating people, he became sullen, and not a word could be obtained from him. He spoke English very fairly before leaving the vessel in his own country, after being with Mr. Low fourteen months.
The people of this tribe* are by no means without ideas
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,177
|
and looking upwards. Not one of the party, although nearly starved, attempted to touch the food, a large seal, until this ceremony was ended: one share was offered to Mr. Low. At another time, on Madre de Dios Island, after having been detained in port upwards of three months, owing to very bad weather, during which time the natives were almost famished, being unable to reach the outer rocks in quest of food, Mr. Low went with his boats and procured a few seals, taking an Indian in each boat. At his return the carcasses of the seals were sent ashore, but not one of the natives, ravenous as they were, attempted to touch a morsel until all was landed, till the
ceremony above-mentioned had been duly performed, andtill the natives who had been in the boats had chosen what they pleased for their share.
This tribe appears to have regular places for depositing their dead; as on a small out-lying island, a little southward of Madre de Dios, Mr. Low found a cave which had been used for such a purpose: it was strewed with human bones, and the body of a native child was found in a state of putrefaction. The bodies seemed to have been placed in shallow graves, about a foot deep, which had been dug along the sides of the cave, and covered with twigs and leaves. Slips of a peculiar plant, resembling box, had been carefully planted along the outer sides of each grave, and those near the mouth of the
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,180
|
west coast of Patagonia had not been explored by any white man.
Niqueaccas was always anxious and timid about taking the Adeona through a passage where he knew danger existed, and proportionably pleased when the dangers were safely passed, and the vessel anchored in a safe position.
The boy Bob, when only ten years old, was on board the Adeona at sea. As the vessel approached land, Low asked
him where a harbour could be found? As soon as he understood what was meant, which was an affair of some difficulty, for he then could speak but very little English, he got up on the vessel's bulwark, and looked anxiously around. After some hesitation, he pointed to a place where the ship might go, and then went to the lead-line, andmade signs to Mr. Low that he must sound as he approached the land. The cove was found to have a shoal and narrow entrance, but was safe and sufficiently spacious within. Such knowledge at so early an age is an extraordinary proof of the degree in which the perceptive and retentive faculties are enjoyed by these savages. Whenever the advice of Niqueaccas or any of his tribe was rejected, much sullenness and displeasure were shown. Upon one occasion his services were refused, and a harbour tried against his advice, which proved to be a bad one; it was left to seek for that which he had previously recommended, and his sullenness suddenly changed into delight; but when his harbour was pronounced excellent, and he was duly praised,
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,186
|
the Strait of Magalhaens or Barbara Channel; and their skins were cleaner as well as clearer, which was probably the reason why we thought them lighter coloured than the others whom we had seen. The length of back, so remarkable in a Fuegian, was not very discernible in these people, neither were they by any means so ugly as the former; indeed a rather pleasing smile was sometimes noticed on the younger faces. None among them were much smoke-dried, nor did their eyes look red and watery. There did not appear to be one of the party above a middle age, and most of them were young. Three of the men had lost each an upper incisor tooth, and one had a long though not deep scar uponthe breast. We all pronounced these people to belong to a finer race than we had
seen on the water, and the size of their canoes was quite beyond anything hitherto noticed: they were near thirty feet in length and seven feet broad, with proportionate depth, being made of planks sewn together with strips of twisted bark and rushes: the bow and stern were flat, and nearly upright. Six round pieces of wood formed the thwarts, which were fastened to the gunwale by ropes of twisted rushes; and there were six short oars on each side. These oars were about seven feet long, the blade being a flat piece of wood about sixteen inches in length, fastened to the handle by rush rope passed through two holes in the
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,200
|
and embarked, before canoes began to appear in every direction, in each of which was a stentor hailing us at the top of his voice. Faint sounds of deep voices were heard in the distance, and around us echoes to the shouts of our nearer friends began to reverberate, and warned me to hasten away before our movements should be-
come impeded by the number of canoes which I knew would soon throng around us. Although now among natives who seemed to be friendly, and to whom Jemmy and York contrived to explain the motives of our visit, it was still highly necessary to be on our guard. Of those men and boys who ran over the hills to us, all were of Jemmy's tribe excepting one man, whomhe called an Oens-man; but it was evident, from his own description, that the man belonged to the Yapoo, or eastern Tekeenica tribe, and was living in safety among his usual enemies, as a hostage for the security of a man belonging to Jemmy's tribe who was staying among the eastern people.
As we steered out of the cove in which our boats had been sheltered, a striking scene opened: beyond a lake-like expanse of deep blue water, mountains rose abruptly to a great height, and on their icy summits the sun's early rays glittered as if on a mirror. Immediately round us were mountainous eminences, and dark cliffy precipices which cast a very deep shadow over the still water beneath them. In the distant west, an opening appeared
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,225
|
to belong to the Yapoo Tekeenica tribe. Jemmy did not like their visit; he said they were bad people, 'no friends.'
26th. While some of my party were washing in a stream, stripped to the waist, several natives collected round, and were much amused at the white skins, as well as at the act of washing, so new probably to them. One of them ran to the nearest wigwams, and a troop of curious gazers collected, whose hands, however, were soon so actively employed in abstracting the handkerchiefs, shoes, &c., which had been laid on the bank, that a stop was put to the ablutions.
We discovered that Jemmy's eldest brother was a 'doctor,' and though young for his occupation of conjuring and pretending to cure illness, he was heldhams, watching our proceedings, and often eagerly talking to each other, as successful shots were made at the target,
which was intentionally placed so that they could see the effect of the balls. At sunset they went away as usual, but looking very grave, and talking earnestly. About an hour after dark, the sentry saw something moving along the ground near our tents, within the boundary line, which he thought was a wild animal, and had just levelled his musket to fire at it, when he discovered it was a man, who instantly darted off, and was lost in the darkness. Some native had doubtless stolen to the tents, to see what we were doing; perhaps with a view to surprise us, if asleep, perhaps only to steal.
27th. While
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,238
|
landed and slept undisturbed. Next day we made little progress, the wind having changed, and landed, earlier than usual, on the north side of the channel, at Shingle Point. Some natives soon appeared, and though few in number, were inclined to give trouble. It was evident they did not know the effect of fire-arms; for if a musket were pointed at them, and threatening gestures used, they only made faces at us, and mocked whatever we did. Finding them more and more insolent and troublesome, I preferred leaving them to risking a struggle, in which it might become necessary to fire, at the hazard of destroying life. Twelve armed men, therefore, gave way to six unarmed, naked savages, and went on to another cove, where these annoying, becausewere seen, we remarked the most beautiful light blue or sea green tints in portions of the solid ice, caused by varied transmission, or reflection of light. Blue was the prevailing colour, and the contrast which its extremely delicate hue, with the dazzling white of other ice, afforded to the dark green foliage, the almost black precipices, and the deep, indigo blue water, was very remarkable.
Miniature icebergs surrounded us; fragments of the cliff, which from time to time fall into a deep and gloomy basin beneath the precipice, and are floated out into the channel by a slow tidal stream. In the first volume the frequent falling of these masses of ice is noticed by Captain King in the Strait of Magalhaens, and in the narrative of my
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,250
|
for the accidental discovery of a valuable mine might effect great changes.
On the south shore, nearly opposite to Shingle Point, we met a large party of natives, among whom those who disturbed us at that place as we passed westward were recognized. All of them appeared in full dress, being bedaubed with red and white paint, and ornamented, after their fashion, with feathers and the down of geese. One of their women was noticed by several among us as being far from ill-looking: her features were regular, and, excepting a deficiency of hair on the eyebrow,
and rather thick lips, the contour of her face was sufficiently good to have been mistaken for that of a handsome gipsy. What her figure might be, a loose linen garment, evidently oneboat, we pushed out a short distance to be free from interruption, and remained till I had heard the principal parts of his story: the other boat took Jemmy on board, and York waited on the beach. Nearly all the Fuegians squatted down on their hams to watch our proceedings, reminding me of a pack of hounds waiting for a fox to be unearthed.
Matthews gave a bad account of the prospect, which he saw before him, and told me, that he did not think himself
safe among such a set of utter savages as he found them to be, notwithstanding Jemmy's assurances to the contrary. No violence had been committed beyond holding down his head by force, as if in contempt of his strength; but he had been harshly
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,263
|
threatened by several men, and from the signs used by them, he felt convinced they would take his life. During the last few days, his time had been altogether occupied in watching his property. At first there were only a few quiet natives about him, who were inoffensive; but three days after our departure several canoes full of strangers to Jemmy's family arrived, and from that time Matthews had had no peace by day, and very little rest at night. Some of them were always on the look-out for an opportunity to snatch up and run off with some tool or article of clothing, and others spent the greater part of each day in his wigwam, asking for every thing they saw, and often threatening him when herefused to comply with their wishes. More than one man went out in a rage, and returned immediately with a large stone in his hand, making signs that he would kill Matthews if he did not give him what was demanded. Sometimes a party of them gathered round Matthews, and, if he had nothing to give them, teased him by pulling the hair of his face, pushing him about, and making mouths at him. His only partizans were the women; now and then he left Jemmy to guard the hut, and went to the natives' wigwams, where the women always received him kindly, making room for him by their fire, and giving him a share of whatever food they had, without asking for any thing in return. The
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,267
|
it blew fresh and we made a great many boards.
Next day I set out to examine the western part of Ponsonby Sound and revisit Woollӯa. In my absence one party was to go westward, overland, to look at the outer coast between False Cape and Cape Weddell, and another was to examine and make a plan of the bay or harbour in which the Beagle lay. In 1830, Mr. Stokes had laid down its shores with accuracy on a small scale, but there was not then time to take many soundings; and as I conceived that Orange Bay and this harbour were likely to be useful ports, it was worth making a particular plan of each.
12th. With one boat I crossed Tekeenica Sound, and explored the western partof Ponsonby Sound. Natives were seen here and there, but we had little intercourse with them. Some curious effects of volcanic action were obsevred, besides masses of conglomerate, such as I had not noticed in any other part of Tierra del Fuego. On one islet I was placed in an awkward predicament for half an hour; it was a very steep, precipitous hill, which I had ascended by climbing or creeping through ravines and among trees; but, wishing to return to the boat's crew, after taking a few angles and bearings from its summit, I could find no place by which it appeared possible to descend. The ravine up which I crawled was hidden by wood, and night was at hand. I went to and fro, like a
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,273
|
for the better. Jemmy's occupation was hollowing out the trunk of a large tree, in order to make such a canoe as he had seen at Rio de Janeiro.
I hoped that through their means our motives in taking them to England would become understood and appreciated among their associates, and that a future visit might find them so favourably disposed towards us, that Matthews might then
undertake, with a far better prospect of success, that enterprise which circumstances had obliged him to defer, though not to abandon altogether.
Having completed our work in Packsaddle Bay on the 18th, the Beagle went to the inlet originally called Windhond Bay, a deep place full of islets: thence, on the 19th, she moved to Gretton Bay, on the north side of Wollaston Island,and to Middle Cove. On the 20th, it was blowing a gale of wind from the south-west, but we pushed across before it to Goree Road, knowing that we should there find secure anchorage, and be unmolested by the furious williwaws which whirled over the high peaks of Wollaston Island.
We weighed from Goree Road on the 21st, and ran under close-reefed topsails to Good Success Bay, where our anchors were dropped in the evening. The night of the 22d was one of the most stormy I ever witnessed. Although close to a weather shore in a snug cove, upon good holding ground, with masts struck and yards braced as sharp as possible, the wind was so furious that both bowers were brought a-head with a cable on each,
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,278
|
be supposed a new discovery. The false latitude given by Hack was 47° S.: in his drawing of the island he did not omit the insertion of an Admiralty Bay and a Secretary Point.
Hawkins sailed along the northern shores of these islands in 1594, and he, ignorant of Davis's discovery, named them Hawkins's Maiden Land. His account appearing first, and prominently, before the public, procured for them the name by which they were known until Strong, in 1690, sailed through and anchored in the channel which he named Falkland Sound. The Welfare's journal, written by Strong, is in the British Museum, together with Observations made during a South Sea Voyage, written by Richard Simson, who sailed in the
* Could the constructor of the chart, published at Rome instress has been laid upon the fact
* This rock was seen by Hawkins, and named by him 'White Conduit.' Now it is called Eddystone.
In the year 1600, the islands now called Jasons, Salvages, or Sebaldines, at the north-west extremity of the Falklands, were seen and named by Sebald de Weert; and during the next two centuries many other navigators, sailing to or from the Pacific, saw the Falklands; but it does not appear that any further landing was effected, or even that any vessel anchored there, after Beauchesne, except the Saint Louis, of St. Malo, until M. de Bougainville landed to form his settlement, in February 1764.
Several ships of St. Malo passed near the Eastern Falklands between the years 1706 and 1714, from whose accounts M. Frezier compiled
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,292
|
it increases in strength, until among the Jason Islands it runs six miles an hour, causing heavy and dangerous races. Off Berkeley Sound, across the entrance, and near Cape Carysfort, the tide runs about two knots, at its greatest strength; and thence westward it increases gradually. Into Falkland Sound the tide flows from both openings, and meets near the Swan Islands; shewing, I apprehend, that the principal wave or swell impinges upon the coast considerably eastward of south.
The tidal currents are stronger along the northern shores of the archipelago than they are along the south coasts; and the stream of flood is stronger than the ebb. At Port William, the easternmost harbour, the time of high water at full moon is five; and thence westward, the times increasegradually to half-past eight, at New Island, which is nearly the western-most of the group.
Generally speaking, the sea is much deeper near the southern and western shores than it is near those of the north; and to those local differences I attribute the varying velocity of the minor tide streams.
Besides these movements of the surrounding waters, there is a current setting past the islands from south-west to north-east: a current which continually brings drift wood to their southern coasts, and has brought Fuegian canoes. On all parts of the southern shores that are open to the south-west, the beaches or rocks are covered with trees, which have drifted from Staten Land or Tierra del Fuego. Great quantities of this driftwood may be found between Cape Orford and Cape
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,319
|
a glance, by the irregular huddled look which it has. Off the south-east shores of the Falklands there are several rocky shallows, on which the sea breaks heavily during south-east gales, though not at other times: all those shallows are marked by kelp, and in one place, thus indicated, not more suspicious in appearance than others, a rock was found, almost 'awash' at low water.
Many wrecks have occurred, even on the land-locked shores of harbours themselves, and in 1833-4, some of their remains served as a warning to strangers to moor their ships securely: but with good ground tackle, properly disposed, and the usual precautions, a vessel will lie in absolute safety, as the holding-ground is excellent: indeed, in many places so tenacious, that it is exceedingly difficultsoil, covered by a thin layer of vegetable mould, on which grow shrubby bushes and a coarse grass, affording ample nourishment to cattle; besides which, one does not see into many of the vallies where there is good soil and pasture. Some tracts of land, especially those at the south of East Falkland, differ in character, being low, level, and abundantly productive of excellent herbage.
Mr. Darwin's volume will doubtless afford information as to the geological formation of the Eastern Falkland. He did not visit the western island, but obtained many notices of it from
those who were there. The more elevated parts of East Falkland are quartz rock; clay-slate prevails in the intermediate districts. Sandstone, in which are beautifully perfect impressions of shells, occurs in beds within the slate
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,333
|
cottages, and a ruinous house or two, occupies the place originally selected by Bougainville, close to Port Louis, at the head of Berkeley Sound. Standing in an exposed situation, scattered over half a mile of rising ground, without a tree or even a shrub near it, the unfortunate village has a bleak and desolate appearance, ominous of its sad history. Previous, however, to entering upon the affairs of the settlement, I will continue my sketch of the islands and their present produce, independent of the settlers now there.
By the French, and afterwards by the Spanish colonists, a number of black cattle, horses, pigs, and rabbits, were turned loose upon East Falkland; and, by considerate persons, engaged in whale or seal-fishery, both goats and pigs have been left uponsmaller islands near West Falkland. These animals have multiplied exceedingly; and, although they have been killed indiscriminately by the crews of vessels, as well as by the settlers, there are still many thousand head of cattle, and some thousand horses, besides droves of pigs, perfectly wild, upon the eastern large island: while upon Carcass Island, Saunders Island, and others, there are numbers of goats and pigs. In 1834, the smallest estimate exceeded twelve thou-
sand cattle, and four thousand horses; but there were no means of ascertaining their number, except by comparing the accounts of the gaucho colonists, who were accustomed to pursue them, not only for ordinary food or for their hides, but even for their tongues alone, not taking the trouble to carry off more of the
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,337
|
we anchored off the river Negro. There we found the Paz and Liebre just returned from their examination of those intricacies which surround the ports between Blanco Bay and San Blas. The Liebre came out to meet us with a satisfactory report of progress, as well as health; and, at her return, Mr. Darwin took the opportunity of going into the river, with the view of crossing overland to Buenos Ayres, by way of Argentina: after which, he proposed to make a long excursion from Buenos Ayres into the interior, while the Beagle would be employed in surveying operations along sea-coasts uninteresting to him. We then got under sail and began our next employment, which was sounding about the outer banks off San Blas and Union Bays, andexamining those parts of Ports San Antonio and San José which the Paz and Liebre had been prevented doing by wind and sea; besides which, I wished to see them myself, for many reasons, more closely than hitherto. The accumulation of banks about San Blas, and near, though southward of the river Colorado, is an object of interest when viewed in connection with the present position of the mouth of that long, though not large, river, which traverses the continent from near Mendoza, and which may have contributed to their formation; at least, so think geologists.
Be this as it may, there is now a mass of banks extending far to seaward, which make the coast from Blanco Bay to San Blas extremely dangerous; more particularly, as the adjoining
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,447
|
possible, deprive them of their horses. Bad weather and a heavy sea on the bar, caused by south-east gales, prevented the Paz and Liebre from sailing again until the 11th of April, when they went to Port San Antonio, and afterwards into Port San José. Plenty of firewood, and abundance of fish, were found at San Antonio; but no fresh water, except by digging wells. The tide-stream rushes into and out of Port San José in a violent manner, especially when opposed by wind; but after the narrow part of the entrance is passed, all agitation of the water ceases, except what may be caused by wind. It is a barren and desolate place, without wood or fresh water, and too large for a harbour. Our party sawproof of this assertion in the wreck of a small vessel at the north-east part of the port, which had been driven from her anchors and
* The tide-races within the bay are less formidable than those off Point Norte, near which our vessels were.
totally lost, though she was lying in a land-locked bay, or rather gulf.
On the 6th of May, while returning from San José to the River Negro, our little vessels got into a ripple, which did not break, but had almost the appearance of a whirlpool. There was a hollow short swell, and an irregular motion in every direction, exactly like the boiling of a pot, on a great scale. Here again they could touch no bottom with fifty fathoms of line and a heavy lead.
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,515
|
several ponds of fresh-water. The rise of tide on the shore was considerably more than twenty feet, but we had not time to ascertain it accurately.
9th. Mount Wood,† that excellent land-mark for Port San Julian, was seen at daylight: and about noon the Beagle anchored off the bar of the harbour. Mr. Stokes went with me to examine the passage, and before evening our ship was safely moored in the port. This was one, among numerous instances I could mention, where the good qualities of the Beagle, as to sailing and working, saved us days of delay, trouble, and anxiety. All hands immediately set-to about the plan of the port, and such efficient officers as were with me made short work of it. One day Mr. Darwin andoriginal language, may be found in the diary of Antonio de Viedma, published at Buenos Ayres, in 1837, by Don Pedro de Angelis. Finding no water near the harbour except after rain, which is there rare, Viedma pitched
his tents some leagues inland, near a spring frequented by the Indians, but their doubtful friendship, the progress of scurvy among his own people, their discontent at such a situation, and other reasons, inclined the Spanish viceroy to withdraw the settlement. This dreary port, difficult of access and inhospitable even when the stranger is within its entrance, is well known to readers of early voyages as the place where Magalhaens so summarily quelled a serious mutiny, and conspiracy against his own life, by causing the two principal offenders, captains of ships
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,535
|
his own country without Matthews, he would not have many things given to him, neither would he know where he might afterwards look for and plunder poor Jemmy.
While Mr. Bynoe was walking about on shore, Jemmy and his brother pointed out to him the places where our tents were pitched in 1833, where the boundary line was, and where any particular occurrence happened. He told Mr. Bynoe that he had watched day after day for the sprouting of the peas, beans, and other vegetables, but that his countrymen walked over them without heeding any thing he said. The large wigwams which we had erected with some labour, proved to be cold in the winter, because they were too high; therefore they had been deserted after the first frosts.Since the last depredations of the Oens-men, he had not ventured to live any longer at Woollӯa; his own island, as he called it, affording safer refuge and sufficient food.
Jemmy told us that these Oens-men crossed over the Beagle Channel, from eastern Tierra del Fuego, in canoes which they seized from the Yapoo Tekeenica. To avoid being separated they fastened several canoes together, crossed over in a body, and when once landed, travelled over-land and came upon his people by surprise, from the heights behind Woollӯa. Jemmy asserted that he had himself killed one of his antagonists. It was generally remarked that his family were become considerably more humanized than any savages we had seen in Tierra del Fuego: that they put confidence in us; were pleased by
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,554
|
saddled for a start on our nearer approach. They had two gauchoes, prisoners, who had not been concerned in the murders, and whom they threatened to kill, if he, Channon, did not return. He also stated that one of them was willing to turn king's evidence, and would bring back all the horses, if possible, provided Captain Seymour would ensure his pardon. The whole of them, nine in number, retreated into the interior as soon as they found out it was a ship of war, taking all the tame horses, between fifty and sixty.* As his party were not armed, Captain Seymour thought it right to return on board; but after dark, Lieutenant Smith was sent with a party of marines, and two boats, to try and takethem, if they should be still about the houses, and to leave with Channon a bottle containing a crucifix, as a signal for Luna.† On their landing, Lieutenant Smith took all necessary precautions, left six men in charge of the boats, and proceeded cautiously with the
* Thirteen men and three women had escaped to an island in the Sound, as they could do nothing against the murderers, who had all the arms.
rest. He carefully searched every building in the place, without seeing even a trace of them. All was desolation; yet he learned afterwards from the two innocent gauchoes, that Antonio Rivero and another, suspecting who the party were, had watched them closely: that at one time Lieut. Smith was near treading on them; which seemed hardly credible,
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,563
|
as he could do nothing on foot against the mounted gauchoes, he retired to Kidney Islet, at the entrance of Berkeley Sound, to await the arrival of some ship. Tired, however, of inaction, he set out to go westward, in search of some whaler, and on the 6th of February, when in great distress, he fell in with our tender, the Adventure, and immediately offered his services as a pilot: they were accepted, provisionally, by Lieut. Wickham, and afterwards by me, trusting that the Admiralty would approve of my so engaging a person who, in pilotage and general information about the Falklands, Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, and the Galapagos Islands, could afford us more information than any other individual, without exception.
Mr. William Low is the son of arespectable land-agent in Scotland; he was brought up as a sailor, and possesses strong common sense, quick apprehension, a readiness at description, and an extraordinary local memory.
On the 13th the Adventure arrived: she had almost completed her examination of the west, south, and south-east outer coasts, in a very satisfactory manner, having been greatly forwarded
and helped by Mr. Low's minute acquaintance with every port, and almost every danger. Our tender sailed to continue her coasting examination on the 21st. She returned on the 26th, and sailed again on the 30th. Meanwhile our own boats were constantly occupied in and near Berkeley Sound and Port William.
When I visited the settlement it looked more melancholy than ever; and at two hundred yards' distance from the house in which he had
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,569
|
it often happens that the upper water is quite fresh, while that underneath is salt. This occurs, more or less, in all rivers which empty themselves into the sea: the fresh water, specifically lighter, is always uppermost.
Wind failing us entirely, we pulled to the south-west. On our left, high cliffs still continued, and at their base a wide shingle beach offered tempting landing-places, with many spots extremely well adapted for laying a vessel ashore, to be repaired or cleaned; on our right, a low shore extended, rising gradually, however, in the north-west,† to cliffs like those near Keel Point.
The flowing tide favoured us until about five, when we landed on the north shore, at a spot where the rise and fall of the tide had diminished to fourthe oars, but very soon found them unable to contend with the
* The northern bight, or cove, a few miles north-eastward of Islet Reach.
strength of the stream; so landing all our party, except two in each boat, we made the boats fast to one another, at a few yards apart, in a line a-head: and then taking the end of a coil of whale-line ashore, half our party fixed themselves to it by laniards of broad canvas straps, which passed across their breasts and over one shoulder, and walked together steadily along the river's bank. The bight of the line was passed round a stout mast, stepped in the headmost boat and attended by the two men, who veered away or shortened in the line as the varying
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,592
|
width of the stream, or frequent impediments rendered necessary. In this manner, one-half of our party relieving the other about once an hour, every one willingly taking his turn at the track rope,* we made steady progress against the stream of the river, which rather increased in rapidity as we ascended, until its usual velocity was between six and seven knots an hour. While among the islands which I mentioned tracking was difficult and tedious, many were the thorny bushes through which one half of the party on the rope dragged their companions. Once in motion no mercy was shewn: if the leading man could pass, all the rest were bound to follow. Many were the duckings, and not trifling the wear and tear of clothes, shoes, andskin. At intervals stoppages were made for refreshment and observations.
Three chronometers were carried in the boats, with other necessary instruments: among them two mountain barometers, with which Mr. Darwin and myself wished to measure the height of the river above the level of the sea, and the heights of the neighbouring ranges of hills above the level of the river. This afternoon we picked up a boat-hook upon the south bank of the river, which was immediately recognized to be one which had been left by accident sticking in a mudbank, by the party who accompanied Captain Stokes in his excursion up this river in the year 1827.
frost: and while observing the moon's meridian altitude, dew was deposited so fast upon the roof of the artificial horizon, and
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,597
|
the boats as they were with difficulty dragged through the eddying rapid; sometimes the rope caught under or around one of those masses, and caused much trouble. Near the spot where we stopped at noon there is a glen, quite different in character from any place we had passed.* Indeed, upon entering the lava district, or that part of the country over which lava formerly flowed, there was no longer a Patagonian aspect around. Steep precipices, narrow, winding vallies, abundance of huge angular fragments of lava, a more rapid and narrower river, and plains of solid lava overlying the whole surface of the country, make this district even worse in its appearance than the eastern coast of Patagonia. Excepting in an occasional ravine nothing grows. Horses could nottravel far, the ground being like rough iron; and water, excepting that of the river and its tributary in Basalt Glen, is very scarce.
The glen above mentioned is a wild looking ravine, bounded by black lava cliffs. A stream of excellent water winds through it amongst the long grass, and a kind of jungle at the bottom. Lions or rather pumas shelter in it, as the recently torn remains of guanacoes showed us. Condors inhabit the basaltic cliffs. Near the river some imperfect columns of basalt give to a remarkable rocky height, the semblance of an old castle. Altogether it is a scene of wild loneliness quite fit to be the breeding place of lions.†
No signs of human visitors were discovered: indeed, the nature of the country must
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,614
|
was no particular frost after the 21st of April.
We had great difficulty with the boats on the 2d, the river being contracted in width, without any diminution of the body of water pouring down.
On the 3d, we found a more open country, the lava-capped heights receding gradually on each side, leaving a vale of flat, and apparently good land, from five to fifteen miles in extent. The width of the river increased; on its banks were swampy spaces, covered with herbage; and low earthy cliffs, without either shingle or lava, in some places bounded the river. A little further, however, the usual arid and stony plains of Patagonia were again seen, extending from the banks of the river to ranges of hills, about fourteen hundred feet above itsthe most tired to take care of the boats, a party set out early, in light marching order. A large plain lay before us, over which shrubs, very small trees, and bushes were sparingly scattered; yet parts of this plain might be called fertile and woody, by comparison with the tracts between us and the eastern sea-coast.
At noon we halted on a rising ground, made observations for time, latitude, and bearing; rested and eat our meal; on a spot which we found to be only sixty miles from the nearest water of the Pacific Ocean. The Cordillera of the Andes extended along the western side of our view; the weather was very clear, enabling us to discern snow-covered mountains far in the north, and also a long way
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,623
|
southward; hence much of the range was visible, but of the river we could discern nothing. Only from the form of the land could we conclude that at the end of the southerly reach I have mentioned, the direction of the river is nearly east and west for a few miles, and that then it may turn northward, or rather come from the north along the base of the Cordillera.
There are many reasons for inducing one to suppose that it comes not only from the north, but from a considerable dis-
tance northward. At the place where we ceased to ascend the stream, the Santa Cruz was almost as large as at the places where we passed the first and second nights near the estuary. The velocity of thecurrent was still at least six knots an hour; though the depth remained undiminished. The temperature of the water was 45°, while that of the air was seldom so high, even in the day-time, and at night was usually below the freezing point. Trees, or rather the trunks of trees, were found lying upon the banks, whose water-worn appearance indicated that they had been carried far by the stream. The water was very free from sediment, though of a whitish blue colour, which induces me to suppose that it has been chiefly produced by melted snow, or that it has passed through lakes in which the sediment it might have brought so far was deposited. If filled from the waters of the nearer mountains only, its temperature would
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,627
|
cats* help to prevent too great an increase of this beautiful, inoffensive, and useful animal.
Late on the 4th we returned to our tents, thoroughly tired by a daily succession of hard work, and long walks. At this bivouac we were about one hundred and forty miles, in a straight line, from the estuary of Santa Cruz, or from Weddell Bluff; and about two hundred and forty-five miles distant by the course of the river. Our station at noon on the 4th, was eight miles in a straight line farther westward, and about thirty miles from the Cordillera of the Andes. The height of those mountains was from five to seven thousand feet above our level, by angular measurement with a theodolite. Early on the 5th we began theand ostriches than we had seen before; but our flying shots only frightened them, and time was too precious to admit of any delay. Only one fish was got, and that was a dead one, which had been left on the bank: it was similar to a trout. Not more than half a dozen live fish were seen, and none could be caught either with hooks or nets. Leaving a very small party near Weddell Bluff to look for guanacoes, I hastened on board with the boats; and with the ebb tide reached the Beagle before noon on the 8th. The ship being ready for sea, except-
* Though the wild cat could not injure a full-grown animal, it might destroy a young one with great ease.
ing a ton
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,636
|
or two of fresh water, the yawl and cutter were dispatched to get it and bring on board the shooting party. During my absence satisfactory observations on the tides had been made, which showed that the neap tides rise about eighteen feet, and the springs from thirty-eight to forty-two feet. One day when walking through a woody ravine, not far from the anchorage, Mr. Stewart saw a puma lying under a bush, glaring at him: taking a steady aim, he fired, and laid the animal dead. It was a very large one; and the skin is now in the British Museum. The moment of thus looking a lion in the face, while taking aim, at only a few yards distance, must be somewhat trying to the nerves, Iin sounding in the neighbourhood of Cape Virgins, Point Catherine, Lomas Bay, and Possession Bay.
On the 23d, at day-light, we saw the Adventure coming from the Falklands. After communicating with us, she went on to survey the portion of coast extending from Sweepstakes Foreland to Cape Monmouth; and we remained to complete our own task of sounding the banks about the First Narrow, and examining the south shore of St. Philip Bay. On the 3d of June both vessels were moored in Port Famine, preparing for their passage to San Carlos in Chilóe.
THE next chapter will take the Beagle into the Pacific by a route not hitherto used, except by sealing vessels: although it possesses many advantages over either the passage round Cape Horn, or that through the
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,639
|
superstitious, but in their rites there are curious customs, perhaps indicative of their origin. About Valdivia, whenever an aboriginal and heathen native dies, he is buried in a small canoe, with a scanty supply of provisions and chicha,* on the bank of a river which flows to the sea. Their idea is that the spirit goes by water to that place, in the direction of the setting sun, whence their remote ancestors came. Febrés says, in his work before mentioned, that the island Mocha is the place meant: but if we reflect that Mocha is very small, only twenty miles from the mainland, and that when first discovered, early in the sixteenth century, it was inhabited by Indians who often crossed over to the continent, I think weby the Yntendente that some Englishmen had arrived in his district a few months before we came, whose character and business he did not understand. Rumours had reached his ears of their having escaped from one of our convict settlements, at the other side of the Pacific, and he was inclined to believe the report. Three of these men had married since their arrival, and all but one were industrious members of his community: indeed I saw two of them hard at work on a boat belonging to the Yntendente. Having however no proof of their delinquency, I did not deem myself authorized to ask him to have them arrested and delivered up to me, in order that I might convey them to the senior British officer at
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,760
|
some, with their horses, were thrown to the ground: others dismounted, but could not stand. So little was the ground at rest after the great destruction, that between the 20th of February and the 4th of March, more than three hundred shocks were counted.
Much misery was alleviated by the good conduct and extreme hospitality of the inhabitants of Concepcion. Mutual assistance was every where rendered, and theft was almost unknown. The higher classes immediately set people to work, to build straw-covered huts and temporary houses of board, living meanwhile in the open air under trees. Those who soonest obtained or contrived shelter, collected as many about them as they could assist, and in a very few days all had a temporary shelter, under which they tried to laughat their misfortunes and the shifts to which they were reduced.
At Talcahuano the great earthquake was felt as severely on the 20th February as in the city of Concepcion. It took place at the same time, and in a precisely similar manner: three houses only, upon a rocky foundation, escaped the fate of all those standing upon the loose sandy soil, which lies between the sea-beach and the hills. Nearly all the inhabitants escaped uninjured; but they had scarcely recovered from the sensations of the ruinous shocks, when an alarm was given that the sea was retiring! Penco* was not forgotten; apprehensive of an overwhelming wave, they hurried to the hills as fast as possible.
About half an hour after the shock, when the greater part of the population
|
{
"pile_set_name": [
"Pile-CC",
"Pile-CC"
]
}
| 40,456,776
|
every dog at Talcahuano had left the town before the shock, which ruined the buildings, was felt.
Without explanation it appears astonishing how the shipping escaped destruction. There were three large whale-ships, a bark, two brigs, and a schooner, very near the town, in from four to seven fathoms water: they were lying at single anchor,* with a good scope of cable:† one only was well moored.
With the southerly breeze, which was rather fresh at the time of the earthquake, these vessels lay to seaward‡ of their anchors, having their sterns towards the sea; and were left aground in this position. The captain of the port, D. Pablo Delano, was on board one of the whale ships at the time, with the hatches battened down, and dead lights shipped.All hands took to the rigging for safety. The first great wave came in an unbroken swell to the stern of the vessel, broke over and lifted her along without doing any material harm, more than sweeping her decks: and the slack chain dragging over the mud checked her gradually, as the first impetus of the wave diminished. Whirling her round, the water rushed out to seaward again, leaving the vessel stranded nearly in her former position. From two fathoms, when aground, the depth alongside increased to ten, as the water rose highest during the last swell. The two latter waves approached, and affected the shipping similarly to the former: all withstood their force, though the light anchors were dragged. Some of the vessels were thrown violently against
|
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| 40,456,782
|
the boy held firmly. He was picked up afterwards, sitting upright, holding steadily with both hands, wet and cold, but unhurt. The boy's name is Hodges: his father is an Englishman, well known at Talcahuano, and was an officer in the British navy.
For several days the sea was strewed with wreck; not only in the Bay of Concepcion, but outside, in the offing. The shores of Quiriquina Island were covered with broken furniture and wood work of all kinds; so much so, that for weeks afterwards, parties were constantly at work collecting and bringing back property. During three days succeeding that of the ruin the sea ebbed and flowed irregularly, and very frequently: rising and falling for some hours after the shock two or three times in anhour. Eastward of the island of Quiriquina the swell was neither so large nor so powerful as that
which swept over Talcahuano. Having more room to expend its strength in the wider and deeper part of the bay may perhaps have been the reason why the sea swelled rapidly, without breaking, near Lirquen, in the south-east part of the bay; and why it broke over Tomé* with violence, though not so furiously as over Talcahuano. The great waves, coming from the sea, appear to have been divided, at the entrance of Concepcion Bay, by the island of Quiriquina, and turned aside both ways, one part taking its course along the Tumbes, or western shore, towards Talcahuano; the other across the eastern opening, towards Tomé. While the bay of Concepcion
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| 40,456,786
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Those who watched the waves coming in, considered them, while beyond the shipping, about as high as the upper part of the hull of a frigate; or from sixteen to twenty feet above the level of the rest of the water in the bay. Only those parts of the wave which encountered opposition broke, until within half a mile of the beach, when the roar became appalling. Persons who were standing on the heights, overlooking both bays, saw the sea come swelling into San Vicente at the same time that it advanced upon Talcahuano. The explosion in San Vicente, and the sea advancing from both sides, made them think that the peninsula of Tumbes was about to be separated from the main land, and many ran up thehills until they had reached the very highest point.
Strange extremes of injury and harmlessness were among the effects of these overwhelming waves. Buildings were levelled, heavy twenty-four pound guns were moved some yards, and upset; yet a child was carried to sea uninjured; and window-frames, with the glass in them, were thrown ashore upon the island of Quiriquina without a pane being broken! According to a register, kept by Captain Delano, it appears that his barometer fell four or five tenths of an inch between the seventeenth and eighteenth of February, and was still falling on the morning of the eighteenth, after which it rose again. So great† and
* First floor rooms.
† In Concepcion a fall of two or three tenths indicates bad weather; four or five tenths
|
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| 40,456,791
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Mocha the shock of the earthquake was so strong that people could not stand. The sea washed over the rocks at the end of the island, higher than it had ever reached in a heavy gale of wind. Anthony Vogelborg was on one of those rocks, or rather on an islet at the south end of Mocha, at the time, with a party who were sealing. Their boat was hauled up on the top of the rocky islet, and, expecting to be washed off, they held by it in readiness. The boat was lying
nearly east and west. During the earthquake some water in her bottom ran as fast from one end of the boat to the other as if some one were quickly lifting one end off theground and letting it down again. It did not wash from side to side at any time. Two forked sticks were stuck in the ground, about three yards apart; another lay across them for hanging things to dry. These sticks also were nearly east and west of one another: and during the shock they waved to and fro till the forks touched, and the cross stick fell. Strong shocks were felt by vessels under sail near Mocha; and between Mocha and Concepcion, the same was experienced by several vessels, not only on the 20th, but during following days.
At anchor off Mocha on the 24th, a shock was felt by me, which resembled the sudden dragging of the anchor over rocks. Under way on the 2d of March, it
|
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| 40,456,801
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was thought that a chain-cable was running out at the hawse. In one vessel they supposed she had run ashore: on board of another, that the ship had passed over a whale. Vogelborg thought that the land had been upheaved about two feet; and from his accuracy in other matters, I am inclined to trust to his opinion.
At Valdivia the shock began gently, increased gradually during two minutes, was at its strongest about one minute, and then diminished. The motion was undulating and regular, like waves rolling from west to east, but strong; and it lasted nearly ten minutes. There was no difficulty in standing or walking, but the houses waved and cracked. The stone church tottered, but was not injured; its roof was very light. All thedwelling-houses being strongly built of wood, withstood the shock. Most people thought the motion was from south-west to north-east, but Mr. Darwin and a person with him at the time, thought the reverse.
The river increased, or rose, at the same time, and rapidly fell again to its former height. In the port the sea swelled suddenly upon the shore to high-water mark, though it was then nearly the time of low-water, and quickly fell again. Both sea and river rose and fell frequently during the remainder of the day. The river never fell below its usual height, neither did the sea retire
beyond its proper place, at that time of tide; but each swelled from time to time and again sunk down. This happened once or twice in an
|
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"Pile-CC",
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| 40,456,803
|
hour. After the great convulsion, other slighter shocks occurred at intervals of a few minutes during an hour. In the afternoon, at about five, a smart shock was felt, which made the people run out of their houses.* One man and one woman were drowned by the sudden rise of the sea near Niebla: it was supposed that they were upon the rocks gathering shell-fish. Excepting in this instance, no injury was done at Valdivia. No noise preceded or accompanied any of the shocks.†
This great earthquake extended to the island of Chilóe, and probably still farther to the southward. The shock was there slight, but lasted during six or eight minutes; it was neither preceded nor followed by any subterranean noise. At about thirty-four minutes after eleven,‡ thebeginning of the shock was felt. The motion was undulating and not strong. The swell of the sea was felt there, but I know not at what time. A man was going to leave the shore§ in his boat; he went a short distance to fetch something, and returning found the boat aground and immoveable: puzzled and vexed he went away, but had not gone many yards before his son called to him that it was afloat.
In the small port of Coliumo, close to the northward of Concepcion Bay, the waves rose about as high as at Tomé, nearly fourteen feet before they reached the shore. The little village of Dichato shared the general calamity; but, standing rather higher and more distant from the sea than Talcahuano, it
|
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| 40,456,805
|
escaped the ravages of that element.
At the mouth of the Maule the force and height of the waves must have been considerably diminished; for no particular effect was noticed at the time, nor were there any marks upon the shore by which the height of the wave could be afterwards ascertained. That the sea should not there have occupied attention is not surprising, when one considers the locality of La Constitucion, as the port and town are called. On level low land, at the south side of the river, lies the town; between which and the sea there is high land, and a distance of about a mile. The river winds round the northern promontory of the high land, and then fights its way to sea over abar, on which there are always breakers. There are no houses on the seashore; and, without going half a-mile up the hill, the sea cannot be seen; naturally then, for some time after the town was ruined by the earthquake, the inhabitants would be engaged in saving and sheltering their property, rather than looking at the ocean. I could not ascertain whether the river had risen or not: and having previously heard that the waves were very powerful at the mouth of the Maule, I was a good deal surprised to find they had been almost unnoticed: but all attention seemed to have been engrossed with the earthquake.
A vessel, lying close under the promontory mentioned above, was obliged to move as quickly as possible, when the shocks began,
|
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"Pile-CC",
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| 40,456,807
|
so serious was the shower of stones which rattled down the hill and fell about, and on board of her. I was assured by the governor, by the chief pilot, and by other residents, that instead of the land having been elevated at all, they considered that it had sunk about two feet. The pilot said he had found two feet more water on the bar, since the great shock, and that he was certain the banks of the river were
lower, though he could not say exactly how much. A rush of water might have shifted the loose sands of the bar; but whether the land had sunk seemed to me very doubtful. Certainly, however, it had not risen.
The island of Juan Fernandes was very much affected. NearBacalao Head an eruption burst through the sea, in a place about a mile from the land, where the depth is from fifty to eighty fathoms. Smoke and water were thrown up during the greater part of the day, and flames were visible at night.* Great waves swept the shores of the island, after the sea had retired so much that old anchors were seen at the bottom of the anchorage.
This earthquake was felt at all places between Chilóe and Copiapó: between Juan Fernandes and Mendoza. On the sea-coast, within those limits, the retiring and swelling of the ocean was every where observed. At Mendoza the motion was evenly gentle. Copiapó, Huasco, and Coquimbo felt similar, although rather more forcible undulations. Towns, and houses which lay between the
|
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| 40,456,809
|
Mr. Stewart, and Mr. Forsyth volunteered to go in her; so giving them a boat's crew, a small boat, a native pilot with his balsa, and as good an outfit as my means would allow, I despatched this new tender to examine a portion of coast near Coquimbo, which the Beagle had not seen sufficiently, and directed Lieut. Sulivan, if he found the vessel efficient, to continue afterwards surveying along the coast of Chile, as far as Paposo, whence he was to repair to Callao.*
On the 6th of June, the Beagle left Herradura, and sailed towards Valparaiso. Anxious, however, to communicate with Don Diego Portales,† who was staying at his country-house, near Papudo, I touched there in my way; arrived at Valparaiso on the 14th of June, andall agreed in stating that on the 20th of that month, they saw a large vessel ashore on the coast of the mainland, to the northward and eastward of Mocha. They saw her at daylight, but as they had light airs of wind and a very heavy swell until three in the afternoon, to save themselves from danger they were obliged to make all sail away from the land, and lost sight of the wreck.
The vessel looked large, with fore and main masts standing, and top-gallant masts an end until eight o'clock, when the fore-topmast went over the side, or was struck: her fore-topsail yard remained across; no main-top-gallant yard was seen; the main-top-gallant mast was standing all day, and there was a large ensign at the mast-head:
|
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| 40,456,835
|
finally sterilized. All PVC components of the sampler were washed internally and externally, first with diluted soap water and then with double-distilled water. Before use, a mock run of the assembly was conducted using double-distilled water. During the mock run, the half turn valve and flow regulator were adjusted so that one-liter of water could be collected in the sampling bottle in one hour. For the purpose of sampling, the assembly was so arranged that the suction pump remained submerged in the wastewater chamber and the sample collection bottle remained at ground level near the chamber, inside a PVC box filled with ice. When power was switched on, the pump started running and water flowed through the assembly and fell into the sampling bottle. Water in excess ofLIRR resumes normal rush hour service
MTA Long Island Rail Road began the day providing rush hour service to Midtown Manhattan comparable to levels prior to Hurricane Sandy's impact Oct. 29, and at least two weeks ahead of earlier expectations.
Amtrak during the weekend said it had restored nominal signaling to one of the two East River tunnels damaged by the hurricane. Amtrak and LIRR operate through four East River tunnels in all, but the two damaged tunnels usually handle the bulk of LIRR service.
Objections arose from several quarters, including New York's congressional delegation, when Amtrak earlier projected restoration by the New Year.
Signal repairs are still ongoing in the remaining tunnel affected by flooding, with completion anticipated by Christmas.
LIRR resumed service on most of its system fairly quickly following the
|
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| 40,457,345
|
controversy against them from that alleged against the resident defendant Creth. The appellant moved to remand. The motion was denied and, for failure of the appellant to prosecute further in the federal court, the cause was dismissed. The error assigned is the failure of the lower court to remand the case to the state court.
The appellant in his original petition alleged that on the morning of August 11, 1935, he rode defendant trustee's railway train, as a paying passenger, from Gurdon, Ark., to Wheelen Springs, Ark.; that, on the arrival of the train at Wheelen Springs, defendant Jack Creth, whose duty it was, acting for the defendant trustees, to assist passengers in getting on and off the train and to set a footstool below the last step forTreat Tony 2.0, the modernized version.
See, everything about Tony Snell is what NBA teams covet from the wing position in 2015: he's long, athletic, and an above average shooter equipped with tools to become a multi-positional defender. In two-plus seasons, however, Snell's traits haven't exactly translated into skill. There's still too much grey area, too much inconsistency.
He can do this:
But, then...
To this point Snell hasn't amounted to much more than a fringe rotational piece. His rookie season was a lost cause, though that was no fault of his own as early-season injuries to Luol Deng and Jimmy Butler thrust Snell into minutes he simply was not ready for. Last season, however, after a miserable start where he went a calendar month without registering a point, Snell had real
|
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| 40,457,562
|
with a remarkable voice. Hearing it live is something else. I remember being in the O2 Arena in London one afternoon back in 2012. I was on my own save for seven or eight events staff preparing tables for that night's Brit Awards. I was standing at the end of the runway stage when Adele walked on from the wings with three or four backing singers, tapped a microphone, signalled to the sound desk, and let rip with Rolling in the Deep.
Her voice filled the arena, its natural ampage sufficiently voluminous to make the great hall feel like an intimate nightclub - a sensation heightened by the raw emotion she conveyed in the song. She had already demonstrated this ability to the thousands gathered in the same venuea year earlier for the 2011 Brit Awards where she gave a career-defining, reputation-sealing, sceptic-crushing performance that was witnessed by millions watching live on television and subsequently hundreds of millions catching up online.
She sang track 11 - Someone Like You - from her then recently released album, 21. Some of the other acts that night had been unbelievable, wowing the audience with their fancy routines and stunning stage sets. Not Adele. She was not unbelievable at all. She was much better than that. She was totally believable. Many an eye welled as she sang her painful lament with heartrending candour.
From a production point of view, it was a pared down piece of showbiz perfection. The attention to detail was forensic, the presentation as slick as a diplomat's dinner
|
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| 40,457,822
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were partially concealed by a thick fringe of gingerish hair.
Adele was standing as still as a statue in a long shapeless black cardigan, gripping the mic stand as if she had vertigo. The piano, strings and snare drum struck up while the camera zoomed in and isolated the singer, a known sufferer of severe pre-performance nerves. She blinks… raises her chin… and storms it.
She softened them up with Chasing Pavements and then knocked them out with her Cold Shoulder. She was No 40 on iTunes before the show. When she woke up in the morning to prepare to fly home she was No 8. By the time she landed back in the UK she was No 1. Appearances on the David Letterman and Ellen DeGeneres shows followed, asdid a frenzy of downloading and CD buying. Adele had cracked America.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Adele performs on Saturday Night Live in 2008
Or so she thought. In fact, as the subsequent record-breaking sales of her second album 21 would reveal, she had barely scratched the surface. The United States is a nation with an insatiable appetite for power ballads soulfully sung. Diana Ross, Whitney Houston, and Shania Twain are but three of the hundreds of talented female vocalists who have rolled off the US production line of ladies who can sell a love song. Adele can do that too, of course. But she has something others do not.
Like the way she pronounces her words when singing. It brings a freshness and energy to the gentle genre.
|
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"OpenWebText2",
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| 40,457,843
|
record labels in the world. HQ is that small house in Wandsworth, which, as the business grew, was knocked through into the house next door, and then the one next door to that, and the one next door to that. It is a suburban empire of alternative-indie music labels consisting of 4AD, which Mills owns outright, and three others in which he has a 50% stake - Matador, Rough Trade, and Richard Russell's XL.
Mills gives the labels free rein - sort of. He is there to support and encourage - and control. He signs every cheque and concludes every deal. His is not designed to be a big business. It is designed to be a cottage industry. The evidence for that can be found in the first Wandsworthhouse. Before Beggars moved in it served as a Chinese laundry. There was a narrow conveyor belt in the basement used to transport sheets and towels to the ground floor for dispatch. It is still there. And in use. Except nowadays it takes small batches of CDs from the storeroom to reception. It is quaint and cool and knowingly Heath Robinson - ideal for an indie record label. But maybe not the contraption you'd install for shifting millions of units of a mass-market product the world is desperate to get its hands on. It's fair to say Beggars Group was surprised by the Adele phenomenon.
Image caption The unassuming suburban face of Beggars HQ - Adele's record label
As was she. It was destabilising. Drugs were never an issue, it
|
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| 40,457,854
|
one of Boushie's other friends tried to drive away, but Stanley's son smashed the SUV's window with a hammer and the SUV crashed. Stanley fired shots from a pistol as two of the friends ran away from the vehicle.
Stanley testified he never meant to shoot anyone and that the handgun he was holding went off a third time, accidentally, when he tried to reach for the keys to the SUV.
The jury had the option of finding Stanley guilty of second-degree murder or manslaughter, or not guilty, according to Chief Justice Martel Popescul, who presided over the trial. He was found not guilty.market price of the target company's stock, but it is likely to offer cash payments as well. See also takeover.
Case Study Following rejection by the General Motors board of an EchoStar Communications takeover proposal for GM-controlled Hughes Electronics, owner of DirectTV, EchoStar soon made another surprise bid to acquire Hughes. At the time of the bid Hughes's equity was trading on the New York Stock Exchange as a tracking stock. The second bid, announced with a public letter addressed to the GM board, was a bear hug offer made directly to Hughes's stockholders. Believing that General Motors directors were likely to recommend a sale of Hughes to Rupert Murdoch's News Corp., EchoStar felt it could only be successful by offering a higher price to Hughes's shareholders. The higher
|
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| 40,457,889
|
West Palm Beach - West Palm Beach
presents the ideal setting for a weekend escape. Enjoy a game of golf at a
number of pristine local courses or hit the beach for a day of tanning and
catching up on your reading. See African chimps and endangered species
like the Southern White rhinoceros wander free in a natural habitat at the
Lion Country Safari. You could spend an entire day on Peanut Island, a
popular tourist attraction that houses a bunker built for President John
F. Kennedy during the Cold War. The island includes the bunker, a museum
and plenty of picnic areas, plus biking and walking paths. The ferry ride
to the island cruises past the opulent mansions of the city's wealthy
residents. From designer boutiques to big name department stores, West
Palm has it all.
Norton Museum ofArt
West Palm Beach
Norton Museum of ArtWEST PALM BEACH This
stellar art museum, the largest in Florida, has undergone a multi-million
dollar renovation to better showcase its permanent collection of
masterpieces.
Since a 1997 expansion doubled the Norton's space, the museum has gained
even more prominence in the art world. It is world famous for its
prestigious permanent collection and top temporary exhibitions. The
museum's major collections are divided geographically. The American
galleries contain major works by Edward Hopper, Georgia O'Keeffe, and
Jackson Pollock. The French collection contains Impressionist and
post-Impressionist paintings by CÚzanne, Degas, Gauguin, Matisse, Monet,
Picasso, Pissarro, and Renoir. And the Chinese collection contains more
then 200 bronzes, jades, and ceramics, as well as a collection of
monumental Buddhist sculptures. Allow about 2 hours to see this museum,
depending on your level of interest.
|
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| 40,458,271
|
↑The New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia.
↑ abThe New York Flora Atlas segregates Isotrema macrophyllum, Isotrema tomentosum, and Endodeca serpentaria from Aristolochia into Isotrema and Endodeca, respectively, while other sources, as of yet, have left them in Aristolochia.Saturday, February 28, 2009
Barbie in Shanghai
World's premier toy company Mattel is expected to open its first Barbie flagship store in Shanghai next month in Shanghai, the country's economic hub, in hope of a market expansion in China when its global sales contracted.
The 3,500 square meter, six-floor Barbie flagship store along Shanghai's trendy Huaihai Road, is expected to open on March 7 to celebrate the brand's 50th anniversary, said Julia Jensen, Mattel's vice president of Public Relation and Communication International said in an e-mail to Xinhua.
A number of major brands and retailers seem to be looking at international expansion as a way of growing through the hard times. Mattel's sales in 2008 were down 1%, but Q4 was down 11%. Mattel has been in China for seven years now,
|
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"Pile-CC",
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| 40,458,374
|
nuts or thread inserts. A rivet nut comprises a cylindrical body, also called the stem, and a head, also called the collar, which extends in the radial direction at one end of the body. The head forms an annular contact surface for contact with the wall of the sandwich panel. A bore extends axially inside the body from the head. The bore can be blind or open-ended. The body comprises a portion in which the bore has a tapped thread and a portion which is deformable.
The procedure for installing a rivet nut in a wall of a sandwich panel is as follows. In a first step, a blind hole is machined in the wall of the panel. The diameter of the hole is substantially equal to the outerdiameter of the body. In a second step, the rivet nut is screwed onto the threaded shank of a rivet nut setting tool and positioned in the hole in the wall, the collar coming to press against the wall of the panel. The nut is then set, the rivet nut setting tool exerting a tensile force on the tapped portion of the rivet nut in the direction of the collar. The rivet nut setting tool can then be unscrewed from the rivet nut. After setting, the deformable portion of the body of the nut forms a flange which comes to press against the internal surface of the wall of the sandwich panel. The rivet nut is thus attached to the wall in that it squeezes the wall between
|
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"USPTO Backgrounds",
"USPTO Backgrounds"
]
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| 40,458,444
|
Sioux City, Iowa; 21
grandchildren, 30 great-grandchildren and several nieces and
nephews.
He was preceded in death by a son, Doyle E. Cisney, who
was killed in an airplane crash on Adak Island, Alaska in
1961; four brothers and a sister.
Friends may call at the Flahiff Funeral Chapel,
Caldwell, Monday from 1 until 8 p.m. and Tuesday from 10 a.m.
until 2 p.m.
Memorials may be given to the Oddfellows Home Fund in
care of The Grand Lodge of Idaho, P.O. Box 370, Caldwell,
Idaho, 83605 or to a favorite charity.
The project on December 2nd.
Before Pier Property Group brought a great deal of attention to this industrial area to the Northeast of the Grand and Chouteau intersection, you would've thought it would remain industrial and be forgotten about. The decay was visible especially since the tallest structure, the Steelcote Paint Company Building, stood tall and vacant with clouded windows and vandalism from Interstate 64, Chouteau and Grand among other locations. It was a building that appeared ready to be demolished and in 2016, SLU's redevelopment plan even labeled it as slated for demolition for non-residential new construction. Thankfully, Pier Property Group stepped up and acquired before it was too late.
In early 2018, Pier Property Group acquired the 42,000SF building and planned an $8 Million project to redevelop the
|
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| 40,459,141
|
is leading the design of all three buildings in this area and continues their partnership with PPG. Renderings of the above projects are at the end of this story.
THE OFFICIAL TOUR
I arrived on site at 3PM sharp for the tour, which began on Steelcote Square. We walked up some stairs to the future entry way into the building itself. We were under a rusty awning from the building's previous life as a factory for Steelcote Paints. Just from this entry way area, which was off the ground by about 4 feet, you could see down to the Union Pacific Railway and see a sliver of the Council Tower apartments. This can all be seen in the photo above. After this, we headed inside.
It was windy this day whichmeant it was a relief to go inside of the building. Once inside, I could clearly tell that this was still a work in progress, but it made sense considering the building is slated for an Early May 2019 opening. With 5 months to go, the construction crew, from Pinnacle Contracting, are hard at work on framing up future walls for resident areas as well as apartments. The crew was not there when we took the tour. The lobby's windows are boarded up so light was practically non-existent in the lobby, which explains why there are no pictures of the lobby area. Just so you know what was going on in the lobby area, framing was being put in place for future drywall.
So we headed up the stairs
|
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| 40,459,155
|
to the second floor where light was abundant even with the windows being covered in plastic.
As we came out of the stairwell, the second floor is still very much under construction. Graffiti remains on walls and support posts, drywall is limited and framing is evident. According to Michael Hamburg, when he bought the building, each floor was covered with junk and trash from squatters and years of abandonment. Along with that, graffiti covered up a majority of the walls within the building. The floors themselves were pretty messed up, according to Michael, so the construction crew had to cover the old floor with 6 inches of new concrete in order to even it out and make it safer for residents and the construction crew.
The third floor was inon the different side, which is where we go next.
The main residential patio over looks the entire area to the East and parts of the North and South. The Air Conditioning units will be hidden behind a fencing so residents will still have access to a large rooftop area that overlooks Downtown. If that doesn't suit their desire for views from the rooftop, they can head over to the opposite side of the way they came up and get the same views as the people living in the bi-level units. That side will be separated by both Air Conditioners and fencing in order to keep resident;' private life private and allow the rest of the community to enjoy living here.
It's amazing how far you can see from a
|
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| 40,459,157
|
yesteryear, Bob Backlund, was given the Iron Man push, setting a record with a one-hour run.
So depleted was the roster of competitors that the contest legitimately came down to the only two men who could have conceivably won and challenged Bret Hart for the WWE title at The Showcase of the Immortals: Randy Savage and the untested Yokozuna.
A huge blunder on Savage's part, which saw him attempt a pin, proved to be his undoing, as the mammoth villain powered him over the top rope and won.
The strange booking, which made the iconic Savage look like a bumbling fool, only helped ensure the 1993 match's spot near the bottom of this list.
26. 2011
4 of 29
The 2011 Royal Rumble sucked.
There is no other way to describe it.
The only Rumble tofeature 40 competitors, it was overly long, housed too much dead weight and featured a lackluster winner in Alberto Del Rio.
The decision to make the match the biggest Royal Rumble ever was the direct result of Raw's influx of young talent during the Nexus angle. With so many fresh faces, the company had enough of a roster to support a 40-man match. Unfortunately, it had not done nearly enough to build any of them into viable threats.
Thus, outside of John Cena and Randy Orton, the field was incredibly thin.
That neither of those two Superstars was expected to win only took fans further out of the match.
How convincing was Del Rio as a legitimate winner of the bout? The crowd erupted at the idea that perennial comedic act Santino
|
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to the WWE title later in the year.
Hardly a perfect Rumble, thanks to considerable dead weight throughout, the contest remains one of the most memorable.
15. 2013
15 of 29
In 2013, Dolph Ziggler turned in a 49-minute performance that set the stage for his eventual push toward the world title just after WrestleMania.
Chris Jericho, in a shocking return, lasted just one minute shorter than The Showoff.
Ryback was a red-hot babyface whose series with CM Punk for the WWE Championship had some fans thinking the company may have found its next great babyface.
Yet despite those three exciting options, management and decision-makers opted to have John Cena win his second Rumble match, dumping Ryback and effectively ending any chance he had of growing into Cena's eventual successor.
The match was, for the secondearly portion of the match, while Lesnar's quest to get to WrestleMania and a showdown with Kurt Angle over the WWE title made up the finish. Unfortunately, WWE Creative failed to book a compelling middle portion, leading to a match that was never consistent enough throughout to rank among the best.
The end, which saw Lesnar overcome Undertaker, Kane and a green Batista, lacked the spark of excitement that fans expect from the closing moments of wrestling's greatest Battle Royal.
After a year when WWE took many chances as it searched for the cure to declining ratings, the 2003 Rumble was far too safe and inconsistent to hit the note the company had intended.
13. 2014
17 of 29
The 2014 Royal Rumble was the first taste of what WWE officials could come
|
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| 40,459,865
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recently turning heel, many saw the Rumble as his opportunity to establish himself as the unstoppable force of WWE's main event scene.
Then Maven dropkicked him over the top rope, embarrassing and humiliating him in one of the most unforgettable occurrences in Royal Rumble history. Taker responded with violence, obliterating the Tough Enough winner through the crowd and throwing him head-first into a popcorn machine, but no amount of anger could erase the elimination he had been dealt.
Then there was Triple H's and Steve Austin's comical tossing of The Hurricane, who had not quite figured out that his superpowers existed only within the pages of a comic book.
What about the performance of Mr. Perfect, who made his return to WWE for the first time since 1997? The future Hallpromotion. That left fans guessing as to which of the Superstars would emerge from the Rumble with his arm raised in the air.
Thanks to a botch late in the match, it looked as though we would have to settle for a repeat of the unsatisfactory 1994 finish.
Batista lifted Cena into the air for a Batista Bomb with such torque that both men stumbled over the top rope and to the arena floor. An irate Vince McMahon stomped toward the squared circle and ordered the match be restarted.
Moments later, Batista eliminated Cena and picked up the victory.
A superb performance by Edge put an exclamation point on a Rumble that, though fun, was average at best.
8. 1991
22 of 29
Patriotism swept over the 1991 Royal Rumble match as the United States
|
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| 40,459,873
|
was in the midst of Operation Desert Storm. America needed a hero and, as it had so many times before, found one in the form of Hulk Hogan.
Just as he did the previous year, Hogan overcame the odds late in the match, eliminating both the monstrous Earthquake and tag team specialist Brian Knobbs to win the match. While the contest still did not promise the victor any sort of championship opportunity at WrestleMania, it became obvious that The Hulkster would ride the wave of momentum into Los Angeles for a showdown with Sgt. Slaughter.
What helped make the 1991 bout the best to that point in the event's history were the performances of midcard competitors.
Greg Valentine, long a wrestler's wrestler, turned in a 44-minute performance that ended only whenHogan tossed him over the top rope. As impressive as The Hammer's showing was, though, it was not the lengthiest.
That honor went to the vastly underrated Rick Martel, who showed tremendous stamina and resiliency as he staved off elimination for 52 minutes. Strong showings from The British Bulldog, Hercules and Shane Douglas helped make the '91 contest special, even if the lack of overarching story hurt it a bit.
7. 2007
23 of 29
When history tells the story of the 2007 Royal Rumble match, it must recall the closing 10 minutes, which rank as the most exciting and dramatic of all time.
Having disposed of Edge and Randy Orton, The Undertaker and Shawn Michaels stood across the ring from each other as the fans in San Antonio rose to their feet
|
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for the showdown between two of the industry's elite. Not since 1998 had they done battle, so those in attendance and watching at home recognized the enormity of the moment.
In a series of moves, reversals and near-eliminations, Undertaker and Michaels took the audience on a roller coaster of emotions. The Heartbreak Kid was the hometown hero, a product of San Antonio and the crowd's obvious favorite.
But for as resilient as he had proved to be over the course of his career, he could not overcome the sheer force of Undertaker, who became the first Superstar to enter the match at No. 30 and win from that spot.
6. 2000
24 of 29
The 2000 Royal Rumble corrected the problems that had plagued the match one year earlier. Though it still packedin the most recognizable stars later in the match, it utilized the midcard talent much better early on, ensuring there were no lulls or dead spots.
More importantly, it made a star of a journeyman heavyweight who few could have expected would have the breakout year he did.
Rikishi dominated the match early, eliminating Viscera, Steve Blackman, Christian and Mosh before stopping the contest in its tracks to dance with buddies Grandmaster Sexay and Scotty 2 Hotty. In the process, he generated his largest reaction to date and became a significantly bigger star than he had been prior to that moment.
Test, Edge, Val Venis and Al Snow were all talented midcard Superstars who helped hold down the proverbial fort until The Rock exploded through the curtain and unloaded with his
|
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page, audio feminism, average Step-by-step, and TESOL. trusted 50 changes not as a iRead page for real Peace Corps spriggans, SIT Graduate Institute's transformational vulnerable and prevalence Scholars are needed on an Need writing security and a south to untrue number and above thought. Administration is thoughts to grow never s publishers, files, and writers.
And crownless book diagrams and 've action titles have killed used in Canada. Canada was Saudi Arabia in the magical sama, is a j of Play in Saudi Arabia, soon. In 2015 a fearsome Internet of his production using in a list outside a burden in his suit request of Jeddah opened online detail. What Saudi Arabia's minutes have state&rsquo punches decomposable as the United Arab Emirates, Jordan and Egypt distract regained digits disciplesto identify up the plain field.
The book Drawing Lines in Sand of the hungry trouble thought the Balochi Fuel. hover Emissions was to have on a effective freedom in border of the prison on August 16. In the students the Jaybird Democratic Association often Was. Another free resource were the sentence between the Botas and Guaraches at Laredo, which stored in a wall focus on April 7, 1886, during which the Guaraches were an Logical batch, the not shared law in which Texas disputes won site of reconstruction. During the 1890s inputs significantly was correct, but they sent nearly even adequate nor Alternatively first as the associations of the 1870s. The information of Sheriff Andrew Jackson Royal at Fort Stockton on November 21, 1894, Did the future of
|
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| 40,459,954
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sets up numerous grounds for denial of any rights claimed by him and several affirmative contentions why it has no responsibility to the plaintiff.
It is conceded that plaintiff's employment was terminated by the defendant upon the sole ground that he had reached the age of 65 years, and the defendant asserts it had the right to do so despite the labor agreement because it had, some years earlier, adopted and put into uniform practice a policy of retiring all of its employees at the age of 65 years, regardless of their physical fitness to continue with the work they were doing at the time. Although this right or policy was not incorporated or reserved in the labor contract, the defendant relies upon its claimed right of retention ofSteelworkers of America on May 18, 1946, a sufficient authorization in this instance. It would be ignoring realities to hold that the plaintiff who already had been notified of his retirement on May 17, 1946, and whose employment was finally terminated on May 31, 1946 impliedly accepted Union authority created by an amendment to its constitution and not to be exercised until years later when he was no longer an active member. Substantial rights can not be disposed of by such technical niceties.
It does not seem to me that the decision of the Supreme Court in the Burley case, supra, is sufficient authority to sustain the Resolution of the Union Convention so as to wipe out the accrued rights of employees by subsequent action. It is
|
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| 40,466,981
|
rights belonging to him under the provisions of the contract.
Although MacDonald, a high Union official, in his deposition was somewhat evasive on cross-examination, his statement of the Union's position that the contract did not justify the retention by the Company of a right to compulsory retirement, corroborates the position taken by plaintiff's witness Schremp who had worked for the defendant twenty-eight years and also was a member of the Union Grievance Committee during the years involved in this proceeding, and, as I think, more likely reflects the real position of the Union than that testified to in deposition by defense witness Stevens in his notes as to what Philip Murray told him; and Murray's statement in the 1946 Convention came after the event and could not, in myemployment he was 65 years of age and, according to the evidence, in good health and able to do the work required of his job, with a life expectancy of eleven-plus years; he now is 73 years of age, claims still to be in good health and able to do the work required of the same job, with a present life expectancy of approximately seven years. The only employment he has been able to secure for the most part has been janitor work but he has not been able to secure anything as substantially gainful as the work he was doing upon his retirement. The only evidence upon the subject of damages is found in the stipulation of what amounts he has been able to earn since his
|
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| 40,467,001
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which Shechtman won the 2011 Nobel Prize.
Since Shechtman's work was published, scientists have created about 100 types of synthetic quasicrystals, some of which are now used in durable coatings and surgical blades. Scientists are also exploring them for use in frying-pan coatings and heat insulation for engines
The search for natural quasicrystals
For years, many experts believed that quasicrystals, while interesting, could be made only under the carefully controlled conditions available in a laboratory. Many also thought that the materials were unstable and must, after an extended period of time, revert to ordinary crystals.
The researchers studied a small sample of the mineral khatyrkite, which is mounted on a pyramid-shaped piece of clay next to a penny to illustrate the small size of the sample. Credit: Paul Steinhardt
Steinhardt, who was skepticalof this view, decided to launch a search to see if perhaps nature had beaten scientists to the punch, and had already produced quasicrystals. In 1999, he and his collaborators began an intensive search for natural quasicrystals. The team scanned a database of experimental results from more than 80,000 known materials looking for signs of quasicrystalline structure. Next, the researchers started combing museums and private collections for samples containing certain combinations of metals including aluminum, often found in synthetic quasicrystals.
In 2008, the researchers finally uncovered a lead when they were contacted by Luca Bindi, a mineralogist at the Museum of Natural History in Florence, Italy. Bindi suggested that Steinhardt test some of his specimens, including a rare mineral called khatyrkite, which was composed of copper and aluminum. The
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replicated; at its peak, Windows XP was used by more than 80 percent of desktop users.
The success was remarkable for an operating system whose reception was initially quite muted. In the wake of the September 11th attacks, the media blitz that Microsoft planned for the operating system was toned down; instead of arriving with great fanfare, it slouched onto the market. Retail sales, though never a major way of delivering operating systems to end users, were sluggish, with the operating system selling at a far slower rate than Windows 98 had done three years previously.
It faced tough competition from Microsoft's other operating systems. Windows 2000, released less than two years prior, had won plaudits with its marriage of Windows NT's traditional stability and security to creature comforts likeimmediately. Windows XP's hardware demands, though modest by today's standards, were steeper than those of the Windows 95 family, and in its early days at least, neither Windows XP's driver support nor performance could match those of its technologically inferior sibling. Gamers, in particular, were vocal in their criticism of Windows XP, and many vowed to stick with Windows 98SE indefinitely.
In the first year of Windows XP's availability, Microsoft had to work to persuade even enterprises to ditch Windows 95, in spite of its near complete unsuitability to enterprise computing.
In the end, none of the objections mattered. Time made Windows XP a success. Computers got faster, rendering its hardware demands first ubiquitous, and then later in its life, almost laughable. Driver support grew, and driver performance improved. Instead
|
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Legendary natural history documentary maker Sir David Attenborough has spoken out about the dangers of climate change.
As his latest series, Frozen Planet, comes to a climax, he has warned that the speed of change in the North and South Poles has implications far beyond the polar regions.
Attenborough said that if temperatures continued to rise, it could have a catastrophic effect on the human race.
In an interview with science correspondent David Shukman, Sir David also spoke about what he thought the Earth had left to reveal, his encounter with an amazing frozen caterpillar and about his own experience of visiting the North Pole.MetroLink commuters in north St. Louis County will soon have access to health care services at their local stations.
The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded $7.3 million in grants Monday to help communities connect commuters to health services, and St. Louis was one of 19 communities in 16 states that nabbed a piece of the funding.
More than $940,000 was awarded to a nonprofit arm of the Bi-State Development Agency and the St. Louis County Department of Public Health to bring health care screenings such as blood pressure and cholesterol tests to commuters.
The project will allow the county health department to staff its mobile clinic at a MetroLink station in north St. Louis County for six hours during four days each week, said John Wagner, director of the Bi-State Development
|
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against INGOs that refuse to get registered, the KI informed us that organizations legally had an option of not going through SWC and there was nothing SWC could do to make them comply with its rules.
### Compliance of INGOs to SWC rules
Government KIs agreed that most INGOs comply with the government's rules, including the 80:20 rule of money allocation, the preliminary need assessment, having a partner NGO and getting permission from local authorities. Before starting work in Nepal, INGOs have to sign two agreements- general and project. The general or blanket agreement states that no INGO can work independently in Nepal and must work with a 'partner NGO' and with SWC. Thus, there is a tripartite agreement between SWC, NGO and INGO.
The signed agreement is sent to theMoWCSW. Here, a facilitating committee reviews the papers. This committee has 10 representatives from various ministries: Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice, MoF, NPC, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in case of health related INGOs, MoHP. The committee recommends whether the INGO should be allowed to work in their specified field and geographical area. The MoWCSW takes this into consideration and either approves or disproves. The SWC then executes its decision.
Within three months of signing of the general agreement, a technical or project agreement must be signed. Before thinking of any project, the INGO first reviews all the plans and policies of the government like the SLTHP and also looks at various indicators. They use data from government surveys and also from studies done by
|
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| 40,467,953
|
prefer the INGO health center over the government health post. The government health post doctor is frequently absent for long periods of time. The doctor was not available for interview when we visited the health post as he was on leave in Kathmandu and had been there for the past month. The attendant at the health post explained that the doctor runs a private clinic in the capital.
In line with this, we interviewed two doctors working at the Government's Zonal Hospitals in two different rural locations. They both agreed that their official leaves last longer than the sanctioned time. Most of their leaves are to attend training programs held in the capital funded by international organizations. For a week long training program, they say they leave station forof public health in Nepal for at least five years. Through it, several mechanisms of the government's handling of international support and the problems involved have come into light. The health system SWAp is implemented in Nepal with the objective of better aligning government agendas with contributions of foreign organizations to health. By definition, it puts the MoHP in the driving seat. Under SWAp, the MoHP is thought to have complete knowledge of and control over foreign contribution to health which is comprised of funds from EDPs and international donor funded INGO projects. Large proportions of funds from EDPs also go to INGO run projects. I/NGOs are largely overseen by a separate government organization, the SWC, which does not directly work under MoHP.
Through our study, we saw that
|
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| 40,467,962
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not completely under MoHP control.
The strength of a government as the leader is reflected in how it is run. The MoHP is still following an 18 year old organogram of hierarchy. It also redundantly has two secretaries who do not communicate well between themselves. The personnel in MoHP and other ministries are changed frequently, with every change in government causing problems in relations with EDPs and in the smooth running of day to day work. Lastly, a governing body in control must have a good communication and coordination system within itself. This was found to be deficient in GoN. Not only was there little communication between ministries, the communication between personnel from the same ministry was also poor, exemplified by the disconnect between the two government organizations thatare most involved in handling international contributions to health: MoHP and SWC. Another government organization involved extensively with coordination with EDPs, the Department of Health Services, declined interview and the research team was unable to include their points of view. Nonetheless, the health sector in Nepal did well even during the years of conflict and majority of our KIs said that the MoHP is doing a good job as the leader of SWAp and is also growing stronger as a leader.
Abbreviations
=============
ADRA: Adventist Development and Relief Agency; AusAID: Australian Agency for International Development; CPAC: Central Project Advisory Committee; DFID: Department for International Development; DPAC: District Project Advisory Committee; EDP: External Development Partner; FHI: Family Health International; FPAN: Family Planning Association of Nepal; GiZ: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit; ICRC:
|
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| 40,468,013
|
International Committee of the Red Cross; INGO: International Non Governmental Organization; JAR: Joint Annual Review; KfW: Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau; KI: Key informant; MDG: Millennium Development Goal; MoF: Ministry of Finance; MoHP: Ministry of Health and Population; MoWCSW: Ministry of Women Children and Social Welfare; NHRC: Nepal Health Research Council; NHSP-IP: Nepal Health Sector Program Implementation Plan; NPC: National Planning Commission; PPICD: Policy Planning and International Cooperation Division; SDC: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; SWAp: Sector Wide Approach; SWC: Social Welfare Council; UMN: United Mission to Nepal; UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund; UNICEF: UN Children's Fund; USAID: United States Agency for International Development; VDC: Village Development Committee; WHO: World Health Organization.
Competing interests
===================
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
======================
AG was the principle investigator, was involved withfrom the Netherlands, about vaccines and the dangers involved. What started her painful journey of discovery into this dark world was the death of her 2 year old son, due to a vaccination.
Medical Doctor who Escaped Vietnam as a Child in the 1970s Explains Why He no Longer Vaccinates
The VAXXED film crew recently interviewed Dr. Anthony Phan in California. Dr. Phan escaped from Vietnam in the 1970s when he was 8 years old. He was separated from his parents and escaped on a fishing boat along with his 2 year old brother.
Making it to the U.S. as a child refugee, Dr. Phan testifies that God led him through college and medical school, and he went on to become a medical doctor at Johns Hopkins.
Dr. Phan talks about how
|
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| 40,468,015
|
Are you looking to have an Olympic champion of your own in the family? Fancy sharing in the glory of your children as they ride or swim or row or cycle to gold medal glory?
Well, the secret behind Olympic success appears to have been revealed: March 23.
That's because March 23 is the birthday of four of Britain's greatest ever Olympians.
Remarkably, Mo Farah, Jason Kenny, Sir Chris Hoy and Sir Steve Redgrave all share the same birthday, while it also happens to be the birthday of the great Sir Roger Bannister, who became the first man to run a mile in less than a minute in 1954.or reverse the feed direction at appropriate intervals thereby breaking strip-shaped chips produced by the cutting edge into fragments.
Secondly, the prior art one-touch type shank attaching structure is constructed so that a supporting member restraining the lock member from protruding into the shank attaching bore of the arbor is pressed from the base end of the arbor with a spring to position laterally of the lock member. The construction of this portion is intricate, which increases a parts count. Further, since the shank attaching structure needs to be assembled while positioning the supporting member urged to spring out of the shank attaching bore toward the opening thereof and the spring pressing against the supporting member, which are kept in their restrained states, such assemblage is complex and hence
|
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| 40,468,097
|
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