text stringlengths 12 2.52M | meta dict |
|---|---|
The prevalence of childhood obesity is emerging as a major health problem^(^[@ref1]^)^. In several studies, a negative or U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and weight status has been observed in infants^(^[@ref2]^)^, children^(^[@ref3]^,^[@ref4]^)^, adolescents^(^[@ref4]^,^[@ref5]^)^ and adults^(^[@ref3]^,^[... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The terrestrial cyanobacterium *Nostoc commune* (*N. commune*) is a cosmopolitan species that is distributed from the tropics to the polar regions of the Earth \[[@B1-marinedrugs-11-03124]\]. *N. commune* adapts to terrestrial environmental conditions \[[@B1-marinedrugs-11-03124],[@B2-m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background {#sec145611}
=============
Dysglycemia is common in critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, so insulin therapy and glucose control had been recommended to improve patient outcomes ([@A33849R1]-[@A33849R9]). However, intensive insulin ther... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a small RNA virus in the *picornaviridae* family, is an important human pathogen associated with various diseases, including myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, pancreatitis and possibly insulin-dependent diabetes. We and others have shown that CVB3 infection lead... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Development of an invasive cancer is not only the result of genetic changes in tumor cells but also the result of the interplay between tumor and stromal cells [@pone.0052796-DeNardo1]. Tumors are infiltrated by a large number of immune cells that constitute the main cell population of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Data are available on the OSF: <https://osf.io/ptb92/?view_only=28a281db341f4ef8a5c8e2a84f3b5803>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
With several key scientific topics (e.g., climate change, safety of GMOs) \[[@pone.0207125.ref001]\] dividing the American public, and recent reports placing the United States at 27^t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Trajectories of Health-Related Quality of Life and Perceived Social Support Among People Living With HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Treatment: Does Gender Matter? {#sec1}
======================================================================================================================================================... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Teachers in the United States face new levels of accountability due to persistent student achievement and opportunity gaps ([@B2]; [@B3]; [@B33]; [@B35]; [@B34]). Consequently, teacher preparation programs face mounting pressure to prepare effective teachers, particularly for diverse learners... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-23-01561}
===============
*Zizania latifolia* is the sole member of the tribe Oryzeae Dum., subfamily Oryzoideae Care, family Gramineae. It is an important gramineous crop, genetically related to the *Oryza* species \[[@B1-molecules-23-01561]\]. Four *Zizania* species are found worldwi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Despite the undoubted benefits that endocrine therapies have brought for breast cancer patients in terms of increased survival, *de novo*and acquired resistance to such treatments presents a major clinical problem; not all patients with oestrogen-receptor (ER) positive disease benefit and a s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#H1-1-ZOI190072}
============
Drug overdoses were the leading cause of accidental death in the United States in 2016.^[@zoi190072r1]^ The opioid overdose epidemic has been attributed, in part, to a rapid increase in opioid analgesic prescribing in the period between 1990 and 2010.^[@zoi190072r2]^ After p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Oocyte maturity is an essential prerequisite for its successful fertilization and the viability of the resulting embryo. In clinical practice, it is customary to assume that each oocyte displaying a polar body (PB) is a mature metaphase II (MII) oocyte. However, live imaging of microt... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .451}
{#sp2 .452}
{#sp3 .453}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Sustainable agriculture is of utmost importance to feed the ever-increasing world population. Over the past few decades, higher agricultural yields have been achieved through an increase in, among others, fertilizer application, which increased 7.3-fold from 1960 to 2002 ([@CIT0012]). H... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
*Helicobacter pylori*is a microaerophilic gram-negative organism involved in many digestive system diseases, such as peptic ulcer, gastritis, or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, or acting as a risk factor in the development of gastric cancer.^[@B1]^ The prevalence of *H. pyl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Simultaneous multisite recordings using Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) coupled to cultured neuronal networks are a widely applied approach in the field of*in vitro* electrophysiology \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. This technology overcomes the drawbacks of single-cell recording techniques, by ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Disasters are of significant encounters for human societies worldwide and can have devastating social, medical, and public health consequences [@ref1]. Iran is highly vulnerable to different types of natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, and droughts. On average, 2000 to 3000 people ar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare nonpyogenic inflammatory bone condition with unclear aetiology. It was first described by Giedion et al. in 1972 as a subacute chronic symmetrical osteomyelitis \[[@B1]\].
CRMO mainly affects the metaphyses of long bon... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Superhydrophobicity, as inspired by the "Lotus effect" in nature, features a water contact angle (WCA) above 150°. The water repellency of a surface is governed by a combination of chemical composition and geometrical surface structure. Superhydrophobic thin films have attracted great... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
![Schematic representation of the main *cis* elements in the MMTV promoter and their occupancy in nucleosomes assembled *in vitro* (upper panel) and in intact cells after hormone induction (lower panel).\
The positions covered by the main population of histone octamers are indicated by the grey ovals. The HREs, the NF1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-marinedrugs-18-00224}
===============
An increase in viral infections among all human infectious diseases and a lack of effective antivirals is one of the most significant problems of healthcare worldwide. Quite a few of currently used antivirals have a relatively low antiviral activity with a n... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Slow pace of digital health governance in Europe {#Sec1}
================================================
In October of 2018, the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom published a policy paper on the future of digital data and technology, which highlighted the widening gap between the implementati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
原发免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）是最为常见的良性出血性疾病。ITP患者血小板数量减少与出血严重程度并不完全相关。虽然血小板计数低于20×10^9^/L时患者更可能出现严重出血，但有些血小板计数高于20×10^9^/L的患者仍有出血表现，而有些血小板计数极低的患者却无出血表现。因此，ITP患者出血程度不能单独用血小板计数解释。我们前期研究结果显示血小板聚集功能与ITP患者出血程度相关[@b1]，我们推测血小板活化状态与ITP患者的出血程度相关。本研究中，我们采用流式细胞术检测ITP患者血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）Ⅰb、GPⅡb/Ⅲa和P选择素表达，探讨血小板活化和出血程度之间的关系。
病例与方法 {#s1}
==========
1．研... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
######
**Appendix:** Supplementary tables A-D and flow chart (fig A)
######
Click here for additional data file.
Introduction
============
Quality measures are metrics used to assess the quality of healthcare. The definitions, or specifications, for quality measures are commonly derived directly from clinical pr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) is defined as the functional disorder of two abnormal endocrine glands. In 1926, Schmidt reported a case in which nontuberculosis hypoadrenalism with autoimmune thyroiditis, and Neufeld et al. \[[@B1]\] divided the PAS into type I, II, and III according... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy and the associated survival benefit have been firmly established for patients with stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) \[[@CR1]\]. However, the use of adjuvant therapy for stage II colon cancer patients remains controversi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat numerous types of neoplasms. However, serious cardiotoxic side effects, which may cause arrhythmia and heart failure, limit its clinical application ([@b1-ol-0-0-8020]--[@b4-ol-0-0-8020]). Multiple mechanism... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Sir,
Dengue is a viral infection caused by an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. Epidemics frequently occur in tropical and subtropical countries, and it is a grave public health problem. It may present in many forms. The most common classical form of dengue causes fever, myalgias, headache, nausea, vomiting, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-foods-09-00784}
===============
Whey is the main byproduct obtained from the manufacture of cheese, yogurt, and milk protein concentrates \[[@B1-foods-09-00784]\]. It is the yellowish liquid separated from curds, and it is mainly made of water (\~94%), lactose (\~5%), proteins (\~1%), minerals (... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-2050313X17726911}
============
Aneurysm is defined as a focal dilatation of an artery to at least 1.5 times its normal diameter. True aneurysms involve all three layers of the arterial wall.^[@bibr1-2050313X17726911]^ True femoral artery aneurysms are uncommon and are most often seen in male pa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-05342}
===============
In the past few decades, the significant diagnostic and therapeutic progress made in the field of oncology has improved the survival rates of children and young adults. However, it is now clearly established that these excellent results are achieved through treatme... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The online version of this article contains supplemental material.
C.R. Hauck\'s present address is Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany.
J. Leng\'s present address is Chemicon International Inc., Temecula, CA 92590.
Introduction
============
Focal adhesio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Germline pathogenic variants in a variety of genes are associated with an increased lifetime risk of breast and gynecologic cancers. Patients with a pathogenic variant in *BRCA1*, for example, have a lifetime cumulative risk of 72% and 44% for developing breast and ovarian canc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dry eye is a common condition with symptoms that can considerably impact patients\' quality of life.^[@R1],[@R2]^ It is perceived to be as distressing as chest pain^[@R3],[@R4]^ and imposes considerable health care (U.S. \$0.27 million to U.S. \$1.1 million per 1,000 persons annually)^[@R5]^ and productivity costs.^[@R... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
In the last decade, carbon nanotubes--nanofibers (CNT--CNF) have aroused much interest in the bioengineering community because of their unique mechanical, electrical, and surface properties. For example, CNF have exceptional mechanical properties, including a high strength to weight ratio and... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
How are our decisions affected in situations where we experience acute pain? The majority (70%) of Europeans report having one or more physical pain experiences per month (Vowles et al. [@CR38]) and almost 20% report having chronic pain (Breivik et al. [@CR10]). Over the past few year... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
The worldwide incidence of geriatric hip fracture is increasing. This phenomenon can be explained largely through the extreme increase of incidence of hip fracture in most Asian countries in the last decades. It is expected that by 2050 more than 50% of all osteoporotic fractures will... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-genes-10-01021}
===============
Consumption of caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world \[[@B1-genes-10-01021],[@B2-genes-10-01021]\]. It is found in a variety of foods and beverages, such as coffee, tea, chocolate, and energy drinks; coffee ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Rationale {#Sec2}
---------
Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a chronic disease that causes blockages of arteries throughout the body. Conditions resulting from atherosclerotic disease are the most common cause of death in North America. The location of the vascular blockage dictates t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-18-02492}
===============
Metabolic syndrome is an emerging epidemic worldwide that consists of an association of multiple cardiovascular risk factors \[[@B1-ijms-18-02492]\]. These factors, including hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity, directly contribute to a higher incidence of... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
It has been challenging to investigate microglia during inflammatory contexts primarily because distinguishing them from infiltrating monocytes and macrophages has been unreliable due to similar expression of cell-surface markers ([@B1]--[@B6]). Microglia contribute to an immunosuppress... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
The word propolis has been derived from Greek in which the morpheme 'Pro' means "in front of" or "at the entrance to") and the morpheme 'polis' means 'community' or 'city' ([@b0075], [@b0170], [@b0670]) which means hive defensive substance ([@b0055], [@b0075], [@b0105], [@b0150... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Kefir is an acidic-alcoholic fermented milk product with little acidic taste and creamy consistency that was originated in the Balkans, in Eastern Europe, and in the Caucasus ([@B23]; [@B72]). Kefir can be produced by fermenting milk with commercial freeze-dried kefir starter cultures, tradit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.61}
{.62}
{.63}
{.64}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Thrombopoietin (Thpo) and its receptor (Mpl), which primarily regulate megakaryopoiesis, are also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Although a 39 amino-acid fragment of the N-terminal domain of Thpo shares significant homology with erythropoietin (Epo), which acts as neuroprotective ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Significance Statement
Psychostimulant addiction (e.g., cocaine and methamphetamine) remains a prevalent problem in the United States. Prior studies suggest that the serotonin~1B~ receptor (5-HT~1B~R) modulates cocaine reinforcement and incentive motivation dependent on whether there is a period of abstinence f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Colleagues,
We have appreciated your insightful comments concerning our work,^[@CR1]^ in particular your observation that there may be a distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation. Your comments prompted us to review all cases,^[@CR1]^ and we thank you for that.
Dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint is described... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Low back pain is a significant health problem with approximately one-half of adults reporting back pain during a given year \[[@ref1]-[@ref3]\]. Low back pain that persists for longer than 3 months is considered chronic \[[@ref4]\], and the longer the pain persists the greater the risk for lo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Cutaneous botryomycosis is a rare and chronic suppurative bacterial infection with commonest causative organism being *S. aureus*.\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] Most of published literature on botryomycosis are case reports. It has been commonly reported in immunocompromised adults and usually ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by apoptotic cell death of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the optic disc or retinal nerve fiber \[[@r1]\]. This irreversible retinal deterioration results in progressive visual field loss along with decreased contrast and color... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Correction to: *Nature Communications*; 10.1038/s41467-017-00867-z; published online: 13 Oct 2017.
The original version of this Article contained an error in Figure 3, where panel d was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of panel c during typesetting. Also, the legend of Figure 5f incorrectly read '310 AD patient... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
To respond with anxiety to a threatening situation or stimuli is normal and healthy; however, when such a reaction becomes excessive and impairs daily functioning, one is classified as having an anxiety disorder (APA [@CR1]). Anxiety disorders are among the most common disorders in ch... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The technology of optical manipulation and trapping of microscopic particles^[@CR1]^ has been developed since the beginning of 1970s and has resulted in designing of numerous types of optical traps^[@CR2]^. Most of them operate within a setup of an inverted microscope, where the optic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-23-00708}
===============
In humans, *N*-acetyl-[d]{.smallcaps}-hexosaminidases (HexA, HexB, and HexS) play essential roles in the lysosomal processing of degradation-bound glycolipids as well as glycans \[[@B1-molecules-23-00708]\]. *O*-GlcNAcase \[[@B2-molecules-23-00708]\] removes O... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Approach and avoidance behavior constitutes a core component of animal decision-making, where, in mammals, emotionality shapes the animals' behavioral tendencies to approach or avoid by modulating appetitive-aversive motivation[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4]. Fear or anxiety, for example, elicits a set of defensive behavioral res... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world [@B1]. Although GC mostly occurs in the 50-70 age groups and the overall incidence of GC has declined in last decade, the incidence rate in younger patients has increased [@B... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Tropical flowers are produced worldwide because of their ornamental values. Postharvest handling of tropical flowers (*e.g.* Anthurium) is usually difficult due to their sensitivity to low temperatures. Anthurium (*Anthurium andraeanum*) is a tropical plant used in ornamental industry f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Malaria remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, primarily affecting children under five years of age \[[@B1]\]. The highest death burden occurs in young children who have not yet developed protective immune mechanisms against the parasite. A minority ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Basu J, Malhotra A, Papadakis M. Exercise and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Two incompatible entities? Clin Cardiol. 2020;43:43:889--896. 10.1002/clc.23343
1. INTRODUCTION {#clc23343-sec-0001}
===============
The benefits of exercise on cardiovascular health and all‐cause mortality are well established.[1](#clc23343-b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .573}
{#sp2 .574}
{#sp3 .575}
{#sp4 .576}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.257}
{.258}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The 2011 IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics (GENSIPS 2011) was organized in San Antonio, Texas from December 2-4th. GENSIPS\'11 provided a forum for researchers in the signal processing community, other related computational experts, and biomedical scienti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Rice stripe disease is the most devastating viral disease of rice in China, Japan, and Korea (Wei et al., [@B39]). The causal agent, *Rice stripe virus* (RSV), is the type member of the *Tenuivirus* genus and the viral genome consists of four single-stranded RNA segments (RNAs 1, 2, 3, and 4;... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
T2DM is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world, and its levels are progressively increasing, particularly in developing countries [@bib0005]. It imposes a heavy burden on individuals and health care systems. The disease is associated with severe complic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .198}
{#sp2 .199}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Influenza lethality is due to three main causes: First, direct viral origin, leading to viral pneumonia of high severity, with an acute respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS), associated with 30 to 50% lethality in intensive Care Unit (ICU) [@ref-2593790109]; Second, bacterial surinfection, due to pneumococal, staphylococ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Africa, millions of women living in malaria-endemic areas become pregnant each year \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Malaria in pregnancy contributes to significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mort... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Specifications Table**TableSubject area*Biochemistry*More specific subject area*Membrane protein, oocyte electrophysiology*Type of data*Graph and figure*How data was acquired*Two electrode voltage clamp and FRAP Assay using a Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope*Data format*Filtered and analyzed*Experimental factors*App... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Age-associated impairment of spatial learning and memory (AISLM) is a common phenomenon in humans and presents a substantial challenge to our health and society ([@B17]). However, the factors and neurobiological mechanisms underlying AISLM remain poorly understood. In humans, viral or b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the regulation of aging, Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), Parkinson\'s disease (PD), Huntington\'s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, depression, dementia, and metabolic disorders such as hypertension and diabetes \[[@B1]\]. Neuroinfla... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Currently, two out of three Australians will develop some form of skin cancer before the age of 70 \[[@CR1]\]. In 2010 there were over 778,000 for non-melanoma skin cancer and 11,545 new cases of melanoma diagnosed. More than 2000 people die from skin cancer every year \[[@CR2]\] and 99% ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Hypertension is a highly prevalent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), renal disease, and recurrent cardiovascular events. It has been shown to reduce the number of life-years lost and the number of years lived with disability by 64.3 million globally.[@b1-vh... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
This talk is inspired by the story of Matthew about whom you will hear in a few moments.
This ceremony acknowledges a transition in your medical education: A rite of passage from the study of basic medical science in classrooms to new encounters with patients at bedsides and in clinics.
On choosing and being chosen
=... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
One of the principal ways in which we make sense of the world is to group things and events into classes that share common characteristics. Human beings learn to do this intuitively in early childhood, and quickly develop an understanding of classes for commonly encountered objects and concepts w... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Malignant brain tumors are considered as the most debilitating tumor types, mostly due to a bad quality of life, poor prognosis and limited therapeutic success \[[@CR1]\]. In 2010, in the USA alone, more than 130,000 patients with primary malignant brain tumors were identified \[[@CR1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-jcm-08-00208}
===============
More than 1.8 million people in England are known to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), while another million of the population are thought to have the condition but are yet to be diagnosed \[[@B1-jcm-08-00208],[@B2-jcm-08-00208]\]. CKD can significantly reduce qual... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Protein-protein interaction networks (PINs) have become a key measure of cellular organization[@b1]. Surprisingly, only few networks have been elucidated to date, and most suffer from being incomplete. Although tens of thousands of completely sequenced genomes exist, less than a dozen bacterial interactomes have been t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Crew rowing is often quoted as the prime example of real-life joint action, interpersonal coordination dynamics and synchronisation (e.g., \[[@pone.0133527.ref001]--[@pone.0133527.ref005]\]), and for group... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Non-response to postal questionnaires is a well known problem that can introduce bias in surveys and in epidemiological studies. Several ways of increasing response rate have been identified, and research has shown that the odds of response can double using monetary incentives \[[@B1]\]. Even sma... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.262}
{.263}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Preclinical studies indicate that most solid tumors require angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels, for growth, survival, and metastasis. While many factors regulate tumor angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to have a dominant role, indu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Coral snakes constitute a large taxonomic group of more than 120 species and subspecies divided into three genera, *Leptomicrurus, Micruroides* and *Micrurus*, with a distribution ranging from the United States to Argentina ([@CIT0040]; [@CIT0039]; [@CIT0014]; [@CIT0015]).
*Micrurus* venoms ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) which are both a component of the innate response and an essential element to induce adaptive immunity \[[@CIT0001]\]. They are an important component of the body\'s line of defense, because they are the f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are very common benign tumours among reproductive-aged women; nearly 70% are affected by these lesions before age 50 ([@bib4]). Approximately one quarter of the patients suffer from symptoms such as abdominal pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, subfertility, and complications during pregna... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Plants employ different types of defences to resist herbivores. Such defences can be displayed constitutively or can be induced. In general, constitutive defences are present all the time, and induced plant defences are reinforced or activated by herbivory, involving the production of... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Sustainable fuel and chemical production by utilization of biomass-derived feedstocks is a very attractive approach compared to conventional petroleum-based fuel and chemical production. Petroleum-based fuel causes serious ecological damage by greenhouse gas emissions and eventually d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The exact prevalence of pediatric heart failure is largely unknown but it is increasing. Recent advances in diagnostic methods, new surgical techniques, and improved perioperative management have contributed to an increased survival for patients with complex congenital heart dis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-11-02075}
===============
Obesogenic diets are associated with a host of chronic diseases. Calorie-dense diets, including those that are high in fat and sucrose, have been shown to blunt insulin sensitivity \[[@B1-nutrients-11-02075],[@B2-nutrients-11-02075]\], increase the risk for ca... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. INTRODUCTION {#sec1}
===============
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, particular cardiac disorders \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. ROS include a number of oxygen-containing reactive species, among which superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H~2~O~2~) are most widely st... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are available as Supporting Information files. All data are also archived alongside the full suite of code used to perform analyses and generate plots, at <https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/160883450>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Childhood influenza exposures leave an immunological imprint,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In the article that appeared on page 404 of July-August 2014 issue\[[@ref1]\], authors affiliation was incorrectly displayed. Authors affiliation should have appeared as given below:
^1^Associate Professor, Infection Nosocomial Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, Isfahan University of M... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) is a benign tumour of hair follicular matrix cells based on histochemical and electron microscopic studies[@R01]. It was first described by Malherbe and Chenantais in 1880 as a calcified tumour from the sebaceous glands[@R02]. It common... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Modified nucleosides are one of the most important classes of antivirals.[@cit1],[@cit2] They mostly work through intracellular phosphorylation to the corresponding nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), which inhibit the viral DNA or RNA polymerase and/or terminate the DNA or RNA chain. Modificati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-genes-11-00676}
===============
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the world, accounting for almost one-third of deaths worldwide \[[@B1-genes-11-00676]\]. Among the deaths caused by CVDs, ischemic heart disease accounted for 42.5%, and the primary cause is coro... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Sir,
The neural integrity monitor (NIM) electromyogram (EMG) tracheal tube is frequently being utilized, for the head and neck procedures, when laryngeal nerves (LNs) could be injured during the process of surgical dissection. It is particularly useful for identifying the recurrent LN.\[[@ref1]\]
The anesthesiologist... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The presence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) in serum samples of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a serious technical problem affecting the use of thyroglobulin (Tg) as a tumour marker, because TgAb interference may result in an underestimation of serum Tg concen... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Oral administration is the preferred route by patients due to its convenience, price, comfort, and handling[@bib1]. The orally-administered drugs may undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the gastro-intestinal tract, and this may result in limited systematic bioavailabilit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .57}
{#sp2 .58}
{#sp3 .59}
{#sp4 .60}
{#sp5 .60-1}
{#sp6 .61}
{#sp7 .62}
{#sp8 .62-1}
{#sp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Among the major groups of the phylum Arthropoda -- Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda (insects and relatives) -- the crustaceans and insects are allies \[[@B1]\]. They are together classified as members of the Pancrustacea, although their reciprocal monophyly is currently disputed \[[@B2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Groupers (family Serranidae) belong to 109 species and 11 genus ^[@ref-1],\ [@ref-2]^. Groupers are commercial marine fishes that have been harvested intensively from the wild, resulting in decreasing the population worldwide ^[@ref-3],\ [@ref-4]^. The white spot grouper, *Epinephelus coerule... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.