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76 [Comment to Athlete : Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories: 1) International -Level At hlete, 2) National -Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International - or National -Level Athletes but over whom the International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individ uals over whom no International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization has, or has chosen to, exercise authority. |
All International - and National -Level Athletes are subject to the anti -doping rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international and national level sport to be set forth in the anti -doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti -Doping Organizations.] |
WBF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 62 of 67 Contaminated Product : A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is n ot disclosed on the product label or in information available in a reasonable Internet search. |
Decision Limit : The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample , above which an Adverse Analytical Finding shall be reported, as defined in the International Standard for Laboratories. |
Delegated Third Party : Any Person to which WBF delegates any aspect of Doping Control or anti -doping Education programs including, but not limited to, third parties or other Anti-Doping Organizations that conduct Sample collection or other Doping Control services or anti -doping Educational programs for WBF , or individuals serving as independent contractors who perform Doping Control services for WBF (e.g., non -employee Doping Control officers or chaperones) . |
This def inition does not include CAS. |
Disqualification : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Doping Control : All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate disposition of any appeal and the enforcement of Consequenc es, including all steps and processes in between, including but not limited to Testing , investigation s, whereabouts, TUEs , Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Results Management , and investigations or proceedings relating to violations of Article 10.14 (Status During Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension ). |
Education : The process of learning to instill values and develop behaviors that foster and protect the spirit of sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping. |
Event : A s eries of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, World Championships of an International Federation, or Pan American Games). |
Event Period : The time between the beginning and end of an Event , as establishe d by the ruling body of the Event . |
For WBF the Event Period refers to the period commencing with the first Competition of the Event until the end of the last Competition of the Event . |
Event Venues : Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Event. |
For WBF this refers to the official training venues, Competition venues and accommodation for the Event . |
Fault : Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particular situation. |
Factors to be taken into consideration in assessing an Athlete ’s or other Person’s degree of Fault include, for example, the Athlete’s or other Person’s experience, whether the Athlete or other Person is a Protected Person , special considerations such as impairment, the degree of risk that should have been perceived by the Athlete and the level of care and investigation exercised by the Athlete in relation to what should have been the perceived level of risk. |
In assessing the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault , the circumstances considered must be s pecific and relevant to explain the Athlete’s or other Person ’s departure from the expected standard of behavior. |
Thus, for example, the fact that an Athlete would lose the opportunity to earn large sums of money during a period of Ineligibility , or the fa ct that the Athlete only has a short time left in a career, or the timing of the sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in reducing the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.6.1 or 10.6.2.77 Financial Consequences : See Conseq uences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
In-Competition : The period commencing at 11: 59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competition .78 77 [Comment to Fault : The criteri on for assessing an Athlete’s degree of Fault is the same under all Arti cles where Fault is to be considered. |
However, under Article 10.6.2, no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of Fault is assessed, the conclusion is that No Significant Fault or Negligence on the part of the Athlete or other Person was involved.] |
78 [Comment to In-Competition : Having a universally accepted definition for In -Competition provides greater harmonization among Athletes across all sports, eliminates or reduces confusion among Athletes about the relevant timeframe for In -Competition WBF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 63 of 67 Independent Observer Program : A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervision of WADA , who observe and provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or during certain Events and report on their observations as part of WADA’s compliance monitoring program. |
Individual Sport : Any sport that is not a Team Sport . |
Ineligibility : See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above. |
Institutional Independence : Hearing panels on appeal shall be fully independent i nstitutionally from the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management . |
They must therefore not in any way be administered by, connected or subject to the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management . |
International Event : An Event or Competition where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization , or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the tech nical officials for the Event . |
International -Level Athlete : Athletes who compete in sport at the international level, as defined by each International Federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
For the sport of Bridge , International -Level Athletes are defined as set out in the Scope section of the Introduction to these Anti -Doping Rules.79 International Standard : A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code . |
Compliance with an International Standard (as opp osed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly. |
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International Standard . |
Major Event Organizations : The continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi -sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International E vent. |
Marker : A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method . |
Metabolite : Any substance produced by a biotransformation process. |
Minimum Reporting Level : The estimated con centration of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or Marker(s) in a Sample below which WADA -accredited laboratories should not report that Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding . |
Minor : A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years. |
Testing, avoids inadvertent Adverse Analytical Findings in between Competitions during an Event and assists in preventing any potential performance enhancement benefits from substances prohibited Out -of-Competition being carried over to the Comp etition period.] |
79 [Comment to International -Level Athlete : Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, WBF is free to determine the criteria it will use to classify Athletes as International -Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking , by participation in particular International Events, by type of license, etc. |
However, it must publish those criteria in clear and concise form, so that Athletes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will become classified as International -Level Athletes. |
For example, if the criteria include participation in certain International Events, then the International Federation must publish a list of those International Events.] |
WBF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 64 of 67 National Anti -Doping Organization : The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti -doping rules, direct the collection of Samples , manage test results and conduct Results Management at the national level. |
If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee. |
National Event : A sport Event or Competition involving International - or National -Level Athletes that is not an International Event . |
National Federation also referred to as National Bridge Federation : A national or regional entity which is a member of or is recognized by WBF as the entity governing WBF 's sport in that nation or region. |
National -Level Athlete : Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization , consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
National Olympic Committ ee: The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. |
The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Commi ttee responsibilities in the anti -doping area. |
No Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person 's establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violated an anti -doping rule . |
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system . |
No Significant Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person 's establishing that any Fault or Negligence , when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria f or No Fault or Negligence , was not significant in relationship to the anti -doping rule violation. |
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substan ce entered the Athlete’s system. |
Operational Independence : This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission members, consultants and officials of the Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management or its affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation and pre -adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved in the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to conduct the hearing and decision -making process without interference from the Anti-Doping Organi zation or any third party. |
The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individuals otherwise involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisions to proceed with, the case. |
Out-of-Compet ition: Any period which is not In-Competition . |
Participant : Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person . |
Person : A natural Person or an organization or other entity. |
Possession : The actual, physical Possession , or the constructive Possession (which shall be found only if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, however, that if the Person does not ha ve exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substan ce or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise control over it. |
Provided, however, there shall be no anti -doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind WBF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 65 of 67 that the Person has committed an anti -doping rule v iolation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization . |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definiti on, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.80 Prohibited List : The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Metho ds. |
Prohibited Method : Any method so described on the Prohibited List . |
Prohibited Substance : Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List . |
Protected Person : An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti -doping rule violation: (i) has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years and is not included in any Registered Testing Pool and has never competed in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) fo r reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.81 Provisional Hearing : For purposes of Article 7.4.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides th e Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.82 Provisional Suspension : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Publicly Disclose : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Recreational Athlete : A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti -Doping Organization ; provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing any anti -doping rule violation, has been an Internati onal-Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National -Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization consistent with the International Sta ndard for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization .83 Regional Anti -Doping Organization : A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti -doping programs, which may include the adoption and 80 [Comment to Possession : Under this definition, anabolic steroids fo und in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, WBF must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the anab olic steroids and intended to have control over them. |
Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spo use, WBF must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in t he cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over them. |
The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arrive, is received by someone else, or is sent to a third part y address.] |
81 [Comment to Protected Person: The Code treats Protected Persons differently than other Athletes or Persons in certain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person ma y not possess the mental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the Code. |
This would include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to an intellectual impairment. |
The te rm “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.] |
82 [Comment to Provisional Hearing : A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding which may not involve a full review of the facts of the case. |
Following a Provisional Hearing, the Athlete remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the merits of the case. |
By contrast, an “expedited hearing”, as that term is used in Article 7.4.3, is a full hearing on the merits conducted on an expedited tim e schedule.] |
83 [Comment to Recreational Athlete: The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.] |
WBF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 66 of 67 implementation of ant i-doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples , the management of results, the review of TUEs , the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a regional level. |
Registered Testing Pool : The pool of highest -priority Athletes established separately at the international level by International Federations and at the national level by National Anti -Doping Organizations , who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or National Anti -Doping Organization's test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5. |
5 and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
Results Management : The process encompas sing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , or in certain cases (e.g., Atypical Finding , Athlete Biological Passport , whereabouts failure), such pre -notification steps expressly provided fo r in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , through the charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged). |
Sample or Specimen : Any bio logical material collected for the purposes of Doping Control .84 Signatories : Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code , as provided in Article 23 of the Code . |
Specified Method: See Article 4.2.2. |
Specified Substance : See Arti cle 4.2.2. |
Strict Liability : The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it is not necessary that intent, Fault , Negligence , or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organization in order to establish an anti-doping rule violation. |
Substance of Abuse : See Article 4.2.3. |
Substantial Assistance : For purposes of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all informa tion he or she possesses in relation to anti -doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including, for example , presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing panel. |
Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought. |
Tampering : Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods . |
Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample , affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample , falsifying documents submit ted to an Anti-Doping Organization or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organization or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition of Conseque nces , and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control .85 84 [Comment to Sample or Specimen : It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood S amples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups. |
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.] |
85 [Comment to Tampering : For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control f orm during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping Control process. |
Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results Management. |
See Article 10.9.3.3. |
However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defense to an anti -doping rule violation charge shall not be considered Tamp ering. |
Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.] |
WBF 2021 Anti -Doping Rules Page 67 of 67 Target Testing : Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International Standard for Testing and Invest igations. |
Team Sport : A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition . |
Technical Document : A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing mandatory technical requirements on specific anti -doping topic s as set forth in an International Standard . |
Testing : The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory. |
Testing Pool: The tier below the Registered Te sting Pool which includes Athletes from whom some whereabouts information is required in order to locate and Test the Athlete Out-of-Competition . |
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE): A Therapeutic Use Exemption allows an Athlete with a medical condition to Use a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method , but only if the conditions set out in Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met. |
Trafficking : Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (or Possessing for any such purpose) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete , Athlete Support Person or any other Person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization to any third party; provided, however, this definition shall not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification, and shall not include actions involv ing Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport perform ance. |
UNESCO Convention : The International Convention against Doping in Sport adopted by the 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October 2005 including any and all amendments adopted by the States Parties to the Convention and the Confere nce of Parties to the International Convention against Doping in Sport. |
Use: The utilization, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method . |
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