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Atypical Passport Finding : A report described as an Atypical Passport Finding as described in the applicable International Standards . |
CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport. |
Code: The World Anti -Doping Code. |
Competition : A single race, match, game or singular sport contest. |
For example, a basketball game or the finals of the Ol ympic 100 -meter race in athletics. |
For stage races and other sport 76 [Comment to Athlete : Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories: 1) International -Level Athlete, 2) National -Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International - or National -Level Athletes but over whom the International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization has chosen to ex ercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individuals over whom no International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization has, or has chosen to, exercise authority. |
All International - and National -Level Athletes are subject to the anti -dopin g rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international and national level sport to be set forth in the anti -doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti -Doping Organizations.] |
FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 69 of 76 contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of FIH. |
Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations (“Consequences ”): An Athlete's or other Person's violation of an anti -doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred on account of an anti -doping rule violation for a specified period of time from participat ing in any Competition or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.14; (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8; (d) Financial Consequences means a financial sanction imposed for an anti -doping rule violation or to recover costs associated with an anti -doping rule violation; and (e) Public Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14. |
Teams in Hockey may also be subject to Consequences as provided in Article 11. |
Contaminated Product : A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is not disclosed on the product label or in information available in a reasonable Internet search. |
Decision Limit : The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample , above which an Adverse Analytical Finding shall be reported, as defined in the International Standard for Laboratories. |
Delegated Third Party: Any Person to which FIH delegates any aspect of Doping Control or anti-doping Education programs including, but not limited to, third parties or other Anti-Doping Organizations that conduct Sample collection or other Doping Control services or anti -doping Educational programs for FIH, or individuals serving as independent contractors who perform Doping Control services for FIH(e.g., non -employee Doping Control officers or chaperones) . |
This definition does not include CAS. |
Doping Control : All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate disposition of any appeal and the enforcement of Consequences , including all steps and processes in between, including but not limited to Testing , investigation s, whereabouts, TUEs, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Results Management , and investigations or proceedings relating to violations of Article 10.14 (Status During Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension ). |
Education : The process of learning to instill values and develop behaviors that foster and protect the spirit of sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping. |
Event : A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, World Championships of an International Federation, or Pan American Games). |
Event Period : The time between the beginning and end of an Event , as established by the ruling body of the Event. |
For FIH, the Event Period is considered the period which starts at 11:59 p.m. of the day before the Event and finishes at 11:59 p.m. of the day on which the Event ends. |
Event Venues : Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Event . |
For FIH, the Event Venues are the official warming, training, accommodation and competition venues of the Event . |
FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 70 of 76 Fault: Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particular situation. |
Factors to be taken into consideration in assessing an Athlete ’s or other Person’s degree of Fault include, for example, the Athlete’s or other Person’s experience, whether t he Athlete or other Person is a Protected Person , special considerations such as impairment, the degree of risk that should have been perceived by the Athlete and the level of care and investigation exercised by the Athlete in relation to what should have been the perceived level of risk. |
In assessing the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault, the circumstances considered must be specific and relevant to explain the Athlete’s or other Person ’s departure from the expected standard of behavior. |
Thus, fo r example, the fact that an Athlete would lose the opportunity to earn large sums of money during a period of Ineligibility , or the fact that the Athlete only has a short time left in a career, or the timing of the sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in reducing the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.6.1 or 10.6.2.77 FIH International Event : An Event or Competition where the International Hockey Federation is the ruling body for the Event or Competition . |
Financial Consequences : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Hockey : The game of Hockey , including both field and indoor Hockey and all current and future forms, variations and/or derivatives of the game modified or derived from its traditional form, irrespective of the number of players involved, or the type of venue or playing surface used (excluding only ice -Hockey). |
In-Competition : The period commencing at 11: 59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competi tion.78 Independent Observer Program : A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervision of WADA , who observe and provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or during certain Events and report on their observations as part of WADA’s compliance monitoring program. |
Individual Sport : Any sport that is not a Team Sport . |
Ineligibility : See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above. |
Institutional Independence : Hearing panels on appeal shall be fully independent institutionally from the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management . |
They must therefore not in any way be administered by, connected or subject to the Anti-Doping Organization responsi ble for Results Management . |
International Event : An Event or Competition where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization , or another international sport organizatio n is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event . |
77 [Comment to Fault : The criteria for assessing an Athlete’s degree of Fault is the same under all Articles where Fault is to be considered. |
However, under Article 10.6.2, no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of Fault is assessed, the conclusion is that No Significant Fault o r Negligence on the part of the Athlete or other Person was involved.] |
78 [Comment to In-Competition : Having a universally accepted definition for In -Competition provides greater harmonization among Athletes across all sports, eliminates or reduces confusion among Athletes about the relevant timeframe for In -Competition Testing, avoids inadvertent Adverse Analytical Findings in between Competitions during an Event and assists in preventing any potential performance enhancement benefits from substance s prohibited Out -of-Competition being carried over to the Competition period.] |
FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 71 of 76 International -Level Athlete : Athletes who compete in sport at the international level, as defined by each International Federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
For the sport of Hockey , International -Level Athletes are defined as set out in the Sc ope section of the Introduction to these Anti -Doping Rules.79 International Standard : A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. |
Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly. |
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued p ursuant to the International Standard . |
Major Event Organizations : The continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi -sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other Interna tional Event . |
Marker : A compound, group of compounds or biological variable(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method . |
Metabolite : Any substance produced by a biotransformation process. |
Minimum Reporting Level : The estimated concentration of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or Marker(s) in a Sample below which WADA -accredited laboratories should not report that Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding . |
Minor : A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years. |
National Anti -Doping Organization : The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti -doping rules, direct the collection of Samples , the management of test results, and conduct of Results Management at the national level. |
If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee. |
National Event : A sport Event or Competition involving International - or National -Level Athletes that is not an International Event . |
National Association : A national or regional entity which is a member of or is recognized by FIH as the entity governing FIH's sport in that nation or region. |
National -Level Athlete : Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization , consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
National Olympic Committee : The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. |
The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederati on assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti -doping area. |
79 [Comment to International -Level Athlete : Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, FIH is free to determine the criteria it will use to class ify Athletes as International -Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, by participation in particular International Events, by type of license, etc. |
However, it must publish those criteria in clear and concise form, so that Ath letes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will become classified as International -Level Athletes. |
For example, if the criteria include participation in certain International Events, then the International Federation must publish a list of those Interna tional Events.] |
FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 72 of 76 No Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person 's establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violate d an anti -doping rule . |
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system . |
No Significant Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person 's establishing that any Fault or Negligence , when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence , was not significant in relationship to the anti -doping rule violation. |
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system. |
Operational Independence : This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission members, consultants and officials of the Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management or its affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation and pre -adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved in the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to conduct the hearing and decision -making process without interference from the Anti-Doping Organization or any third party. |
The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individuals otherwise involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisions to proceed with, the case. |
Out-of-Competition : Any period which is not In-Competition . |
Participant : Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person . |
Person : A natural Person or an organization or other entity. |
Possession : The actual, physical Possession , or the constructive Possession (which shall be found only if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, however, that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise control over it. |
Provided, however, there shall be no anti -doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an a nti-doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization . |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.80 80 [Comment to Possession : Under this definition, anabolic steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, FIH must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the anabolic steroids and i ntended to have control over them. |
Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, FIH must establish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 73 of 76 Prohibited List : The List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods . |
Prohibited Method : Any method so described on the Prohibited List . |
Prohibited Substance : Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List. |
Protected Person : An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti -doping rule violation: (i) has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years and is not included in any Registered Testing Poo l and has never competed in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.81 Provisional Hearing : For purposes of Article 7.4.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.82 Provisional Suspension : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Publicly Disclose : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Recreational Athlete : A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti -Doping Organization ; provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing any anti -doping rule violation, has been an International -Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the Internati onal Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National -Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization .83 Regional Anti -Doping Organization : A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti -doping programs, which may include the adoption and implementation of anti -doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples , the management of results, the review of TUEs, the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a regional level. |
Registered Testing Pool : The pool of highest -priority Athletes established separately at the international level by International Federa tions and at the national level by National Anti - them. |
The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does no t arrive, is received by someone else, or is sent to a third party address.] |
81 [Comment to Protected Person : The Code treats Protected Persons differently than other Athletes or Persons in certain circumstances based on the understanding that, below a certain age or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may n ot possess the m ental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the Code. |
This would include, for example, a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to an intellectual impairment. |
The term “open category” i s meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.] |
82 [Comment to Provisional Hearing : A Provisional Hearing is only a preliminary proceeding which may not involve a full review of the facts of the case. |
Following a Provisional Hearing, the Athlete remains entitled to a subsequent full hearing on the merits of the case. |
By contrast, an “expedited hearing” , as that term is used in Article 7.4.3, is a full hearing on the merits conducted on an expedited time schedule.] |
83 [Comment to Recreational Athlete : The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.] |
FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 74 of 76 Doping Organizations , who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or National Anti -Doping Organization's test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5. |
5 and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
Results Management : The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , or in certain cases (e.g., Atypical Finding , Athlete Biological Passport , whereabouts failure), such pre -notification steps expressly provided for in Article 5 of the International Sta ndard for Results Management , through the charge until the final resolution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged). |
Sample or Specimen : Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control .84 Signatories : Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code, as provided in Article 23 of the Code. |
Specified Method: See Article 4.2.2. |
Specified Substance : See Article 4.2.2. |
Strict Liability : The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2, it is not necessary that intent, Fault, Negligence , or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organization in order to establish an anti -doping rule violation. |
Substance of Abuse : See Article 4.2.3. |
Substantial Assistance : For purposes of Article 10.7.1, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written state ment or recorded interview all information he or she possesses in relation to anti -doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to th at information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing panel. |
Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceedin g which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought. |
Tampering : Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods . |
Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample , affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample , falsifying documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organization or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organization or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition of Consequences , and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control .85 84 [Comment to Sample or Specimen : It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups. |
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.] |
85 [Comment to Tampering : For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or intimidating or attempt ing to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping Control process. |
Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results Management. |
See Article 10.9.3.3. |
However, FIH 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 75 of 76 Target Testing : Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
Team Sport : A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition . |
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