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Certain hexavalent chromium ( Cr(VI) ) compounds are well established occupational respiratory tract carcinogens . However , despite extensive studies , the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)-induced lung cancer remain poorly understood . In fact , the models used were often suboptimal and yielded conf...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
20336777
A large number of human cancers display alterations in the Ink4a/cyclin D/Cdk4 genetic pathway , suggesting that activation of Cdk4 plays an important role in oncogenesis . Here we report that Cdk4-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts are resistant to transformation in response to Ras activation with dominant-negative ( DN...
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
12435633
Archaeal and eukaryotic B-family DNA polymerases ( pols ) mainly replicate chromosomal DNA but stall at lesions , which are often bypassed with Y-family pols . In this study , a B-family pol Vent ( exo(-) ) from the euryarchaeon Thermococcus litoralis was studied with three types of DNA lesions-N(2)-alkylG , O(6)-alkyl...
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22793782
OBJECTIVE Chronic generation of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species are implicated in atherosclerosis , aging , cancers , and other chronic diseases . We hypothesized that zinc induces A20 in premonocytic , endothelial , and cancer cells , and A20 binds to tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-receptor associated...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
21035309
Monoclonal antibodies ( mAbs ) to HER2 are currently used to treat breast cancer , but low clinical efficacy , along with primary and acquired resistance to therapy , commonly limit clinical applications . We previously reported that combinations of antibodies directed at non-overlapping epitopes of HER2 are endowed wi...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
21132012
In order to determine the in vivo immune response in glioblastoma , monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific for inflammatory leukocytes and immunoregulatory products were utilized to stain tissue from four surgical specimens . The more activated the inflammatory cells , the more activated the tumors appeared to b...
[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
1318961
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) ( 1,25D ) , the hormonal form of vitamin D , and several analogs have failed as monotherapies for cancer because of poor efficacy or acquired resistance . However , 1,25D analogs are amenable to bifunctionalization . Preclinical studies have revealed combinatorial effects of 1,25D analogs and...
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22921063
Activated lymphocytes and malignant lymphoma cells derived from them ( Ki-1 positive lymphoma cells ) share similar mechanisms of proliferation . To further examine the inhibitory role of endogenous transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) in Ki-1 positive lymphoma cells , the authors studied anti-TGF beta antibodi...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
1312308
In response to DNA double strand breaks , the histone variant H2AX at the break site is phosphorylated at serine 139 by DNA damage sensor kinases such as ataxia telangiectasia-mutated , forming gamma-H2AX . This phosphorylation event is critical for sustained recruitment of other proteins to repair the break . After re...
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20118229
Thellungiella salsuginea , a close relative of Arabidopsis , represents an extremophile model for abiotic stress tolerance studies . We present the draft sequence of the T. salsuginea genome , assembled based on coverage to seven chromosomes with a coding capacity of at least 28,457 genes . This genome provides resourc...
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22778405
In the present study , the question was addressed whether anthocyanins interfere with the topoisomerase I poison irinotecan in vivo . In vivo complexes of enzyme to DNA bioassay was used to detect irinotecan-induced stabilization of topoisomerase I/DNA complexes and single cell gel electrophoresis to determine DNA-stra...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23275152
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are 19 nt non-coding RNA molecules that regulate expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level . Evidence indicates that miRNAs play an essential role in physiological and pathological conditions including pulmonary development , inflammation , fibrosis and cancer . The aim of the pr...
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23208435
Metastasis , commonly to the lung , is the major cause of mortality from testicular cancer . The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a novel nutrient mixture ( NM ) containing ascorbic acid , amino acids and green tea extract on the inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis using a model of intrate...
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23226724
OBJECTIVES : Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer ( PaCa ) . However , the mechanisms of smoking-induced PaCa remain unknown . Here we investigated the effect of smoking compounds on cell death pathways in pancreatic ductal cells , precursors of PaCa . METHODS : Human pancreatic ductal cells (...
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23271397
BACKGROUND : To quantify tumour angiogenesis , microvessel density ( MVD ) has been widely used . We here present a novel angiogenesis marker , microvessel proliferation ( MVP ) , based on dual immunohistochemical staining of nestin and Ki-67 . Immature endothelial cells express nestin , and when co-expressed with the ...
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22840462
Key cellular decisions , such as proliferation or growth arrest , typically occur at spatially defined locations within tissues . Loss of this spatial control is a hallmark of many diseases , including cancer . Yet , how these patterns are established is incompletely understood . Here , we report that physical and arch...
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23954413
This study aims to identify significant predictors of survival in pediatric and adolescent colorectal carcinoma . We retrospectively analyzed our experience with 29 histologically verified cases , of which 20 were resected for cure . Variables analyzed as predictors of survival included : ( 1 ) resectability , ( 2 ) re...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
1403541
The generation and detection of mechanical forces is a ubiquitous aspect of cell physiology , with direct relevance to cancer metastasis(1) , atherogenesis(2) and wound healing(3) . In each of these examples , cells both exert force on their surroundings and simultaneously enzymatically remodel the extracellular matrix...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22871786
OBJECTIVES Despite the well-defined histological types of non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) , a given stage is often associated with wide-ranging survival rates and treatment outcomes . This disparity has led to an increased demand for the discovery and identification of new informative biomarkers . METHODS In the c...
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21412013
Prostate cancer is responsible for major deaths globally after lung cancer . However , etiology of prostate cancer is still unknown . Individual risk and incidence of prostate cancer may result from the interaction of genetic susceptibility with exposure to environmental factors such as infectious agents , tobacco , oc...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
23293472
Colorectal cancer represents one of the most challenging diseases . Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant expression of microRNAs ( miRNAs ) is related to pathogenesis of colorectal cancer . Cancer cells reprogram metabolic pathways to sustain higher proliferation rates . Whether mechanisms underlying the role of...
[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22895557
DNA damage checkpoints arrest cell cycle progression to facilitate DNA repair . The ability to survive genotoxic insults depends not only on the initiation of cell cycle checkpoints but also on checkpoint maintenance . While activation of DNA damage checkpoints has been studied extensively , molecular mechanisms involv...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
20126263
OBJECTIVE This study describes a new method used in the clinical laboratory at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein to detect mutations in exons 8 and 17 of the KIT gene in patients with acute myeloid leukemia . METHODS Genomic DNA extraction was performed on 54 samples of peripheral blood or bone marrow from patients wi...
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23386005
A number of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs designed to have cytotoxic actions on tumor cells have recently been shown to also have antiangiogenic activities . Endothelial cell migration and proliferation are key components of tumor angiogenesis , and agents that target the microtubule cytoskeleton can interfere with the...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]
12479700
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid ( AKBA ) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the gum resin exudate from the stem of the tree Boswellia serrata ( frankincense ) . AKBA has been recently identified as a novel , orally active , non-redox and non-competitive 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor that also i...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
12664615
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL ) and agonistic anti-DR4/TRAIL-R1 and anti-DR5/TRAIL-R2 antibodies are currently under clinical investigation for treatment of different malignancies . TRAIL activates DR4 and DR5 and thereby triggers apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways , but po...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
20354842
UNLABELLED ABC transporters like P-glycoprotein ( P-gp/ABCB1 ) are membrane proteins responsible for the transport of toxic compounds out of non-malignant cells and tumor tissue . AIM To investigate the effect of glycolysis and the tissue redox state on P-gp expression in multicellular tumor spheroids derived from pros...
[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
19950199
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AhR ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor . Recent studies have reported the anti-tumor effects of the AhR in breast cancer . In this study , we investigated the anti-tumor effect of AhR activation based on the cancer stem cell hypothesis . We show that AhR activation suppressed m...
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22123295
Here , we provide the necessary proof of concept , that it is possible to metabolically create a non-permissive or " hostile " stromal microenvironment , which actively prevents tumor engraftment in vivo . We developed a novel genetically engineered fibroblast cell line that completely prevents tumor formation in mice ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
23292149
Diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) is a major organo-sulfur compound derived from garlic ( Allium sativum ) , which inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells . In this study we investigated the effect of DADS on the induction of apoptosis , as well as its regulatory effect on the activation of transcription f...
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20932246
Piceatannol is a stilbenoid , a metabolite of resveratrol found in red wine . Piceatannol and sera from rats orally given piceatannol were found to dose-dependently suppress both the proliferation and invasion of AH109A hepatoma cells in culture . Its antiproliferative effect was based on cell cycle arrest at lower con...
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22496613
Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity that mainly targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptors , and recently , it has been shown to be an active agent for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas . Previously , we demonstrated that ...
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23269235
Keratinocyte growth factor ( KGF , fibroblast growth factor-7 ) is a fibroblast-derived mitogen , which stimulates proliferation of epithelial cells . The expression of KGF by dermal fibroblasts is induced following injury and it promotes wound repair . However , the role of KGF in cutaneous carcinogenesis and cancer p...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
22427941
Exosomes are small-membrane vesicles secreted by hematopoietic and malignant epithelial cells as well as trophoblasts . The composition of cancerous exosomes has been proven to play pivotal roles in the maintenance of the microenvironment that is beneficial for the progression of cancer , such as Fas-ligand-triggered l...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
22984881
Although some types of carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) have been described to induce mesothelioma in rodents and genotoxic effects in various cell systems , there are few previous studies on the genotoxicity of CNTs in mesothelial cells . Here , we examined in vitro DNA damage induction by short multi-wall CNTs ( MWCNTs ; 10...
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23266321
In both mitotic and meiotic processes , cellular surveillance of the integrity of genetic information transmission from parental cells to their subsequent generations is carried out by a network of proteins primarily involved in cell-cycle regulation , DNA replication , DNA repair , and chromosome segregation . Within ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
12509276
Abstract The use of immunotherapeutics in melanoma has received much attention , and recent advances to further characterize the regulatory components of the immune system and the importance of co-stimulatory molecules have opened a new area for clinical investigation . Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 ( CTL...
[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
20482528
Environmental carcinogen exposure may play an important role in the incidence of cancer in children . In addition to environmental pollutants , maternal smoking during pregnancy may be a contributing factor . Major carcinogenic components of cigarette smoke and other combustion by-products in the environment include po...
[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
12375734
Imiquimod is a synthetic compound with antitumor properties ; a 5% cream formulation is successfully used to treat skin tumors . The antitumor effect of imiquimod is multifactorial , although its ability to modulate immune responses by triggering TLR7/8 is thought to be key . Among the immune cells suggested to be invo...
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22251703
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) and natural killer ( NK ) cells are central components of innate immunity for controlling tumor growth . The therapeutic effects of certain anti-myeloma drugs are partially mediated by targeting the innate immune response . In addition , novel types of natural compounds have been developed that ...
[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22941038
Genetic defects in breast cancer ( BC ) susceptibility genes , most importantly BRCA1 and BRCA2 , account for of hereditary BC and ovarian cancer ( OC ) . Little is known about the contribution of constitutive ( soma-wide ) epimutations to the remaining cases . We developed bisulfite pyrosequencing assays to screen >60...
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22843497
We studied the effect of oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia , hydrogen peroxide , or menadione on mouse leukemia P388 cells at early ( 4 days ) and late ( 7 days ) stages of tumor growth . Oxidative stress proved to inhibit cell division and to induce apoptosis . Seven-day leukemia cells feature lower proliferative ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
12561326
Oncostatin M ( OSM ) , an interleukin-6 type cytokine , acts via the gp130 signaling receptor to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of breast cancer cells . EGF , a mitogen for breast cells , signals via EGFR/ErbB tyrosine kinase receptors which are implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis . Here we show ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
11821958
In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which tumour-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are impaired during tumour development , an attempt was made to identify factors which impair CD4+ T-cell responses at a late tumour-bearing stage . Plasma from mice bearing B16 melanoma for 30 days ( plasma d30 ) showed a more profound...
[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
12041507
cDNA microarray-based gene expression analysis has been successfully employed to explore the action mechanism and to validate the targets of several drugs . In the present study , we evaluated anti-angiogenic activity of demethoxycurcumin ( DC ) , a structural analog of curcumin , isolated from Curcuma aromatica , and ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
12495478
Whereas estrogen-estrogen receptor α ( ER ) signaling plays an important role in breast cancer growth , it is also necessary for the differentiation of normal breast epithelial cells . How this functional conversion occurs , however , remains unknown . Based on a genome-wide sequencing study that identified mutations i...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
22341523
Proliferating cells consume more glucose to cope with the bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands of rapidly dividing cells as well as to counter a shift in cellular redox environment . This study investigates the hypothesis that manganese superoxide dismutase ( MnSOD ) regulates cellular redox flux and glucose consumpt...
[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
22710435
PURPOSE Idarubicin is a synthetic anthracycline anticancer drug widely used in the treatment of some hematological malignancies . The studies in our laboratory have clearly demonstrated that idarubicin can undergo reductive bioactivation by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase to free radicals with resulting formation of DN...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
20816008
Colon cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries . Basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) was up-regulated in patients with colon cancer and was considered as a potential therapeutic target . In this study , we first demonstrated that a novel bFGF-binding peptide ( named P7 ) inhibited p...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
20331620
SMG1 is a member of the phosphoinositide kinase-like kinase family of proteins that includes ATM , ATR , and DNA-PK , proteins with known roles in DNA damage and cellular stress responses . SMG1 has a well-characterized role in nonsense-mediated decay as well as suggested roles in the DNA damage response , resistance t...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
23277562
Extracellular respiration of solid-phase electron acceptors in some microorganisms requires a complex chain of multiheme c-type cytochromes that span the inner and outer membranes . In Shewanella species , MtrA , an periplasmic decaheme c-type cytochrome , is an essential component for extracellular respiration of iron...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22923588
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin modulates immune response , inhibits cancer cell growth , reduces bacterial load and gastric inflammation , and protects against UVA-induced oxidative stress in in vitro and rodent models . Similar clinical studies in humans are unavailable . Our objective is to study the action of dietary astaxa...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
20205737
The suppression of MAPK and oxidative stress could be an important anti-inflammatory mechanism . Fucoidan regulates MAPK activity in several cell lines . However , the mechanism for the anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress effect of low molecular weight fucoidan ( LMWF ) is poorly understood in RAW264.7 cells . The o...
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23006539
Although prostate cancer ( CaP ) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in American men , the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of CaP remain largely unknown . Recent studies have shown that downregulation of the microRNA miR-124 occurs in several types of human cancer , suggesting a tumor...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
23069658
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are important steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis . We postulated that therapeutic concentrations of aspirin and pravastatin , especially in combination , may suppress oxidative stress and inflammation in endothelial cells , and this concept was examined in human co...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
20819511
BACKGROUND Modulation of the expression of retinoic acid receptors ( RAR ) alpha and gamma in adult rat prostate by testosterone ( T ) suggests that RAR signaling events might mediate some of the androgen effects on prostate cells . METHOD In this study , we examined the interactions between T and retinoic acid ( RA ) ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
12069693
The current study was undertaken to study the effect of a macerated extract of Nigella sativa seeds in normal as well as in tumour bearing mice against gamma radiation-induced cellular damage to normal tissues . This was done to mimic the clinical setting where in , normal tissues of cancer patients undergoing radiothe...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
23716868
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is a highly malignant neoplasm. p16 is a tumor suppressor gene protein , which is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the G1-S phase of the cell cycle . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of p16 in gallbladder carcinoma and...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
20422865
BACKGROUND Luteolin is a 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone found in various fruits and vegetables . We have shown previously that luteolin reduces HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest . The objective of this study was to examine whether luteolin downregulates the insulin-like growth factor-I recept...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]
22269172
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated ( ATM ) is a cellular damage sensor that coordinates the cell cycle with damage-response checkpoints and DNA repair to preserve genomic integrity . However , ATM also has been implicated in metabolic regulation , and ATM deficiency is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species ( ROS ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
20160076
Ubiquitylation is a reversible post-translational modification that has emerged as a key regulator of most complex cellular processes . It may rival phosphorylation in scope and exceed it in complexity . The dynamic nature of ubiquitylation events is important for governing protein stability , maintaining ubiquitin hom...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22357969
BACKGROUND Nucleolin is one of the major proteins of the nucleolus , but it is also expressed on the cell surface where is serves as a binding protein for variety of ligands implicated in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis . Emerging evidence suggests that the cell-surface expressed nucleolin is a strategic target for an e...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
21203423
The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cell lines , A2780 and CP70 , induced by a novel curcumin analogue , B19 . The proliferation of cells was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) assay and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry . Reactive oxygen species ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
22159410
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Expression and correlation of cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGF ) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma . METHOD In this study , expression levels of COX-2 , VEGF were examined in 58 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 38 patients with inflammation ...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]
22803408
In normal tissues , strict control of tissue size is achieved by regulating cell numbers . The mechanism that controls total cell number is known as contact inhibition of growth and it depends on the NF2/Merlin pathway . Negative regulation of this pathway by deleterious mutations or by oncogenes results in cell transf...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
24260485
The calcium-calmodulin activated kinase CaMKII mediates many forms of learning and memory . Activity-regulated translocation of CaMKII to synapses is important for its functions in synaptic plasticity . Here , we tested the role of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B in recruiting CaMKII\u03b1 to synapses with different p...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22902837
Certain components of apples have been shown to prevent cancer growth and impede cancer progression . We hypothesized that extracted apple polysaccharides ( APs ) might , therefore , have anticancer effects , through a mechanism involving the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells , partly via the NF-κB pathway . Two h...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
22470124
Autophagy is a catabolic process by which a cell degrades its intracellular materials to replenish itself . Induction of autophagy under various cellular stress stimuli can lead to either cell survival or cell death via apoptotic and/or autophagic ( nonapoptotic ) pathways . The NSAID sulindac sulfide induces apoptosis...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
23431290
Histopathological features of the lymph node involvement were studied in 104 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy combined with extended radical lymph adenectomy in cervicothoracoabdominal region . Metastatic involvement was found in a total number of 503 lymph nodes from 73 pat...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
1435691
Lung cancer is primarily caused by exposure to tobacco smoke . Tobacco smoke contains numerous carcinogens , including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH ) . The most common PAH studied is benzo[a]pyrene ( B[a]P ) . B[a]P is metabolically activated through multiple routes , one of which is catalyzed by aldo-keto re...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23117049
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated ( ATM ) kinase is a central player in cellular response to DNA damage . Phosphorylation of the histone H2AX by ATM is required for the accumulation of repair proteins at the sites of double-strand breaks . Recently , it was reported that the histone acetyltransferase Tat interactive protei...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
20355335
Estrogens play essential roles in the progression of mammary and prostatic diseases . The transcriptional effects of estrogens are transduced by two estrogen receptors , ERα and ERβ , which elicit opposing roles in regulating proliferation : ERα is proliferative while ERβ is anti-proliferative . Exogenous expression of...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
22347418
The ARF locus is frequently inactivated in human cancer . The oncosuppressor ARF has indeed been described as a general sensor for different situation of cellular stress . We have previously demonstrated that ARF deficiency severely impairs inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo , establishing a role for ARF in th...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]
23243586
Normal human lung fibroblast diploid cells , WI-38 , become senescent after a definite number of divisions . VA-13 is a line of immortalized cells established by transformation of WI-38 cells by SV40 virus . To determine whether SV40 large T ( SV40-T ) antigen is essential for this immortalization of WI-38 cells we int...
[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
1338304
BACKGROUND Though an increased efficacy of carmustine and temozolomide ( TMZ ) has been demonstrated by inactivation of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) with O(6)-benzyl-guanine ( BG ) in human pancreatic tumors refractive to alkylating agents , the regulatory mechanisms have not been explored . METHOD...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]
20980775
OBJECTIVE In addition to its effects on cholesterol levels , apoE3 has lipid-independent effects that contribute to cardiovascular protection ; one of these effects is the ability to inhibit cell cycling in VSMCs . The goal of this study was to identify and characterize cell cycle-regulatory mechanisms responsible for ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23294923
Chromatographic , peptide mapping and mass spectrometric analysis were used to examine hemoglobin ( Hb ) from heavy drinkers and abstainers for alcohol consumption-related modifications . Heavy drinker and abstainer hemoglobin samples contained similar amounts of glycosylated Hb and significantly different ( p < 0.05 )...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
1471764
DNA damage signaling and repair take place in a chromatin context . Consequently , chromatin-modifying enzymes , including adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes , play an important role in the management of DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) . Here , we show that the p400 ATPase is required for D...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23266955
Altered p53 protein is prevalently associated with the pathologic class of triple-negative breast cancers and loss of p53 function has recently been linked to the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) and acquisition of stemness properties . We explored the association between TP53 mutational status...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
22899882
BACKGROUND Taxol is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with breast cancer . Despite impressive clinical responses initially , the majority of patients eventually develop resistance to Taxol . Lactate dehydrogenase-A ( LDH-A ) is one of the predominant isoforms of LDH express...
[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
20144215
Here , we investigated the compartment-specific role of cell cycle arrest and senescence in breast cancer tumor growth . For this purpose , we generated a number of hTERT-immortalized senescent fibroblast cell lines overexpressing CDK inhibitors , such as p16(INK4A) , p19(ARF) or p21(WAF1/CIP1) . Interestingly , all th...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22935696
PURPOSE Genomic complexity is present in approximately 15% to 30% of all chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) and has emerged as a strong independent predictor of rapid disease progression and short remission duration in CLL . We conducted this study to advance our understanding of the causes of genomic complexity in C...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
20086003
Here , we identified the milk protein α-casein as a novel suppressor of tumor growth and metastasis . Briefly , Met-1 mammary tumor cells expressing α-casein showed a reduction in tumor growth and a near 10-fold decrease in experimental metastasis . To identify the molecular mechanism(s) , we performed genome-wide tran...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23047602
BACKGROUND Cellular stress responses trigger signaling cascades that inhibit proliferation and protein translation to help alleviate the stress or if the stress cannot be overcome induce apoptosis . In recent studies , we demonstrated the ability of lovastatin , an inhibitor of mevalonate synthesis , to induce the Inte...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]
23029387
Accumulating evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in neoplastic development . The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory , anti-oxidative stress activities , and differential regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by tea Chrysa...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
20967519
BACKGROUND Cellular and clinical sensitivity to ionizing radiation ( IR ) is determined by DNA double-strand breaks ( DSB ) repair . Here , we investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the extreme response of a head and neck tumor case ( SKX ) to standard radiotherapy . METHODS Immunofluorescence ( IF ) was used f...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23199656
The number of renal cancers has increased over the last ten years and patient survival in advanced stages remains very poor . Therefore , new therapeutic approaches for renal cancer are essential . Englerin A is a natural product with a very potent and selective cytotoxicity against renal cancer cells . This makes it a...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
23144724
Hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide ; however , the prognosis of HCC patients remains poor . This poor prognosis is mainly attributed to the high rate of intrahepatic and distant metastasis . HCC often occurs in a hypoxic environment and hypoxia can activate metastatic prog...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23124652
We investigated the direct effects of LH-releasing hormone ( LH-RH ) antagonist , Cetrorelix , on the growth of HTOA human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line . RT-PCR revealed the expression of mRNA for LH-RH and its receptor in HTOA cells . Cetrorelix , at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-5) M , exerted a dose-d...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]
12161501
Nuclear factor kappa-B ( NF-κB ) activates multiple genes with overlapping roles in cell proliferation , inflammation and cancer . Using an unbiased approach we identified human CDK6 as a novel kinase phosphorylating NF-κB p65 at serine 536 . Purified and reconstituted CDK6/cyclin complexes phosphorylated p65 in vitro ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
23300567
Topoisomerase 1 ( Top1)-DNA cleavage complexes induced by camptothecin ( CPT ) cause DNA strand breaks during DNA replication or transcription . Although the cellular responses to replication-mediated DNA double-strand breaks have been well studied , the responses to transcription-mediated DNA strand breaks have not . ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23229313
The Warburg effect describes a heightened propensity of tumor cells to produce lactic acid in the presence or absence of O(2) . A generally held notion is that the Warburg effect is related to energy . Using whole-genome , proteomic MALDI-TOF-MS and metabolite analysis , we investigated the Warburg effect in malignant ...
[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
22320183
We compared gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( Gd-DTPA ) enhanced T1-weighted images ( T1-Gd ) with the histopathological findings in 13 patients with bone or soft tissue sarcomas . Signal intensity of the viable tumor tissue was increased in T1-Gd in 92% of the patients . The necrotic or cystic areas in t...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
1485542
Vascular integrity is fundamental to the formation of mature blood vessels and depends on a functional , quiescent endothelial monolayer . However , how endothelial cells enter and maintain quiescence in the presence of angiogenic factors is still poorly understood . Here we identify the fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23232625
A number of growth factors have been implicated in the control of the proliferation of breast cancer cells and some have been reported to mediate the proliferative effects of oestradiol . MCF-7 cells were treated with growth factors in the presence and absence of oestradiol . Oestradiol increased the response of cells ...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]
1419600
Cav-1 ( -/- ) deficient stromal cells are a new genetic model for myofibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts . Using an unbiased informatics analysis of the transcriptional profile of Cav-1 ( -/- ) deficient mesenchymal stromal cells , we have now identified many of the major signaling pathways that are activated...
[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
20519932
Transforming growth factor-beta1 ( TGF-beta1 ) exerts potent immunosuppressive effects . In this study , we investigated the potential role of TGF-beta1 produced by hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) cell lines in immunosuppression mechanisms . Using the Mv1Lu cell-growth inhibition assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbe...
[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
12685860
IL-16 is a ligand and chemotactic factor for CD4+ T cells . IL-16 inhibits the CD3 mediated lymphocyte activation and proliferation . The effects of IL-16 on the target cells are dependent on the cell type , the presence of co-activators etc . To understand the regulation function and mechanism of IL-16 on target cells...
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]
12528894
We report a case of recurrent gastric cancer successfully treated by a combination of CPT-11 and CDDP as the third- line chemotherapy . A 78-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer underwent a curative distal gastrectomy . Three years later , the tumor marker level began to rise and computed tomography ( CT ) reveale...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
23268075
CDA-2 ( cell differentiation agent 2 ) , a urinary preparation , has potent anti- proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties in cancer cells . However , the mechanisms of tumor inhibitory action of CDA-2 are far from clear , and especially there was no report on lung cancer . Here we demonstrate that CDA-2 and its main...
[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
23284890