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1300 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
dozen proposed constitutional amendments have been introduced in Congress to relax the restriction. Two of the more well known were introduced by Representative Jonathan Bingham in 1974, with the intent to allow German-born Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (otherwise fourth in the line of succession) to become eligible, and the Equal Opportunity to Govern Amendment by Senator Orrin Hatch in 2003, intending to allow eligibility for Austrian-born Arnold Schwarzenegger. The Bingham amendment would have also made clear the eligibility of those born abroad to U.S. parents, while the Hatch one would have allowed those who have been naturalized citizens for |
1301 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
twenty years to be eligible. But all these proposed articles of amendment have failed in the Congresses, and thus none have ever been submitted to the states for ratification; thus the restriction that the clause imposes remains unrelaxed. St. George Tucker, an early federal judge, wrote in his 1803 edition of William Blackstone's ""Commentaries on the Laws of England"", perhaps the leading authority for the delegates to the Constitutional Convention for the terms used in the Constitution, that the natural-born-citizen clause is ""a happy means of security against foreign influence"" and that ""[t]he admission of foreigners into our councils, consequently, |
1302 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
cannot be too much guarded against."" In a footnote, Tucker wrote that naturalized citizens have the same rights as the natural-born except ""they are forever incapable of being chosen to the office of president of the United States."" In a speech before the Senate, delegate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney gave the rationale, ""to insure experience and attachment to the country."" Professor Akhil Amar of Yale Law School claimed that there had been a concern on the part of those drafting the U.S. Constitution that a member of the European aristocracy might immigrate and attempt to buy his way into power and |
1303 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
equipment to be transported for the first time by the end of March. There was an intervention of a number of Arab Liberation Army regiments inside Palestine, each active in a variety of distinct sectors around the different coastal towns. They consolidated their presence in Galilee and Samaria. Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni came from Egypt with several hundred men of the Army of the Holy War. German and Bosnian WWII veterans, including former intelligence, Wehrmacht, and Waffen SS officers, were among the 'volunteers' fighting for the Palestinian cause Veterans of WWII Axis militaries were represented in the ranks of the ALA |
1304 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
and ""native born"" citizen. The leading case, ""Lynch v. Clarke"" of 1844, indicated that citizens born ""within the dominions and allegiance of the United States"" are citizens regardless of parental citizenship. This case dealt with a New York law (similar to laws of other states at that time) that only a U.S. citizen could inherit real estate. The plaintiff, Julia Lynch, had been born in New York while her parents, both British, were briefly visiting the U.S., and shortly thereafter all three left for Britain and never returned to the U.S. The New York Chancery Court determined that, under common |
1305 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
law and prevailing statutes, she was a U.S. citizen by birth and nothing had deprived her of that citizenship, notwithstanding that both her parents were not U.S. citizens or that British law might also claim her through her parents' nationality. In the course of the decision, the court cited the Constitutional provision and said: Suppose a person should be elected president who was native born, but of alien parents; could there be any reasonable doubt that he was eligible under the Constitution? I think not. The position would be decisive in his favor, that by the rule of the common |
1306 | "The Scourge of God (novel)"
""The New York Times"" fiction hardcover list for the week of September 19, 2008, and #139 on the combined USA Today list as of September 7, 2008. The Scourge of God (novel) The Scourge of God (2008) is an alternate history, post-apocalyptic novel by American writer S. M. Stirling. It is the fifth book in the Emberverse series. The novel continues the journey of Rudi Mackenzie and his companions as they travel across the former United States, a generation after ""The Change"" killed off technology and plunged the world into a new Dark Age, on their quest to Nantucket where |
1307 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
According to Yoav Gelber, by the end of March there was a total of 2,000 dead and 4,000 wounded. These figures correspond to an average of more than 100 deaths and 200 casualties per week in a population of 2,000,000. Violence kept intensifying with the intervention of military units. Although responsible for law and order up until the end of the mandate, the British did not try to take control of the situation, being more involved in the liquidation of the administration and the evacuation of their troops. Furthermore, the authorities felt that they had lost enough men already in |
1308 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
in words, say who shall be natural-born citizens. Resort must be had elsewhere to ascertain that. At common-law, with the nomenclature of which the framers of the Constitution were familiar, it was never doubted that all children born in a country of parents who were its citizens became themselves, upon their birth, citizens also. These were natives, or natural-born citizens,as distinguished from aliens or foreigners. Some authorities go further and include as citizens children born within the jurisdiction without reference to the citizenship of their parents. As to this class there have been doubts, but never as to the first."" |
1309 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
Consistent with the earlier decisions, in 1939, the U.S. Supreme Court stated in its decision in ""Perkins v. Elg"" that a person born in America and raised in another country was a natural born citizen, and specifically stated that they could ""become President of the United States"". The case was regarding a young woman, born in New York a year after her father became a naturalized U.S. citizen. However, when she was about four her parents returned to Sweden taking her with them, and they stayed in Sweden. At age 20, she contacted the American embassy in Sweden and, shortly |
1310 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
after her 21st birthday, returned to the United States on a U.S. passport and was admitted as a U.S. citizen. Years later, while she was still in America, her father in Sweden relinquished his American citizenship, and, because of that, the Department of Labor (then the location of the Immigration & Naturalization Service) declared her a non-citizen and tried to deport her. The young woman filed suit for a declaratory judgment that she was an American citizen by birth. She won at the trial level, and at the circuit court—where she was repeatedly described as ""a natural born citizen"" — |
1311 | "Cretien van Campen"
psychology) at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. During the past two decades he has been involved in two lines of research: perception and quality of life. In his Ph.D. study that resulted in the book ""Gestalt from Goethe to Gibson"" (1994), van Campen linked history of art to history of science. He showed that the apparent rise of Gestalt psychology in perception research in the 1910s had its roots in late 19th century art history in Germany. The study was done in the context of the interdisciplinary ""Working Group Iconic Processes"", including art historians, psychologists, physicists and anthropologists from several Dutch |
1312 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
naturalization was ""automatic"" at birth. In this view, such a person should not be considered a natural born citizen, but rather a ""naturalized"" citizen who is not eligible for the Presidency. In 1951, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit noted in ""Zimmer v. Acheson"" that ""[t]here are only two classes of citizens of the United States, native-born citizens and naturalized citizens"", quoting a dictum by Justice Gray from United States v. Wong Kim Ark and Elk v. Wilkins. The court ruled that Zimmer, who was born abroad in 1905 to a U.S. citizen father and a noncitizen |
1313 | "Cretien van Campen"
and got attention from hundreds of synesthetes in the Netherlands, mediated by articles and items in the Dutch media, which resulted in the Netherlands Web Community of Synesthesia and a number of workshops and conferences on synesthesia in art and science. The demand for information on synesthesia resulted in the book ""Tussen zinnen"". The new perspective on synesthesia, developed in this book in collaboration with synesthetes, artists and scientists in the Netherlands, led to the publication of ""The Hidden Sense: Synesthesia in Art and Science"" by the MIT Press. Since then, van Campen has been consulted on synesthesia and the |
1314 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
1940, the Nationality Act of 1940 (), explicitly defined ""naturalization"" as conferring nationality ""after"" birth. In 1961, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in ""Montana v. Kennedy"" that an individual who was born in 1906 in Italy to a U.S. citizen mother and a noncitizen father was not a U.S. citizen by birth under the nationality laws in force at the time of his birth. It observed that automatic citizenship was granted to children of U.S. citizen fathers and noncitizen mothers by an 1855 act of Congress, but the reverse situation was only addressed, non-retroactively, in 1934. In 1971, the Court |
1315 | "Kaohsiung Museum of History"
chrysanthemum pattern of ribbons. The walls of the building were sculpted with all kinds of decorations and the windows were made with exquisite and ingenuity handicraft. The interior of the building features the Y-shaped staircases in the luxurious lobby, the aesthetic arched corridors on the sides, the bright high-ceilinged patio and the eastern and western patterns of the grand columns. These decorations symbolize the prestigious ruling power of Japan and the harmonious architectural mixture of the east and the west. The museum is accessible within walking distance North East from Yanchengpu Station of the Kaohsiung MRT. Kaohsiung Museum of History |
1316 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
born within the borders of the United States are ""natural born Citizens"", regardless of the citizenship of their parents. The court referred to the case of Wong Kim Ark, and provides a compilation of the arguments pertaining to this topic. A clarification to this interpretation was made in 2010, where a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that natural born citizens can lose their citizenship if their territory of birth later ceases to be U.S. territory. The case involved a Philippine-born litigant who could not claim U.S. citizenship on the basis of |
1317 | "Ed Dundon"
Ed Dundon Edward Joseph ""Dummy"" Dundon (July 10, 1859 – August 18, 1893) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Columbus Buckeyes for two seasons and was the first deaf player in Major League Baseball history. Dundon was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1859. He was deaf, and from the age of nine, he attended the Ohio Institute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb in Columbus. Dundon studied book binding and continued to work there as a book binder after graduating. He was also a pitcher for the school's baseball team. Dundon joined the American |
1318 | "Mahan-class destroyer"
to Pearl Harbor. In August, she escorted a convoy to Eniwetok and moved on to Majuro in the Marshall Islands, where she patrolled bypassed Japanese-held atolls. On a patrol off Wotje Atoll, the ship was fired on by a shore battery that left nine of her crew members wounded. In October, she sailed north to San Pedro Bay for duty in the Leyte Gulf and Surigao Strait. By early December 1944, ""Flusser"" had escorted convoys from Hollandia Jayapura to Leyte and taken part in the amphibious landing at Ormoc Bay. In March 1945, ""Flusser"" provided escort support for the landing |
1319 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
Woodrow Wilson, and Herbert Hoover. John Bingham, an American lawyer and politician, held to the belief that natural born should be interpreted as born in the United States. In 1862, in the House of Representatives he stated: The Constitution leaves no room for doubt upon this subject. The words ""natural born citizen of the United States"" appear in it, and the other provision appears in it that, ""Congress shall have power to pass a uniform system of naturalization."" To naturalize a person is to admit him to citizenship. Who are ""natural born citizens"" but those born within the Republic? Those |
1320 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
born within the Republic, whether black or white, are citizens by birth—natural born citizens. He reiterated his statement in 1866: Every human being born within the jurisdiction of the United States of parents not owing allegiance to any foreign sovereignty is, in the language of your Constitution itself, a natural-born citizen; but, sir, I may be allowed to say further that I deny that the Congress of the United States ever had the power, or color of power to say that any man born within the jurisdiction of the United States, not owing a foreign allegiance, is not and shall |
1321 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
not be a citizen of the United States. Citizenship is his birthright and neither the Congress nor the States can justly or lawfully take it from him. Edward Bates also held to the belief that ""natural born"" should be interpreted as ""born in the United States"". He also indicated that those born in the United States to alien parents, even if they reside elsewhere, are still considered natural born. In 1862, Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase sent a query to Attorney General Edward Bates asking whether or not ""colored men"" can be citizens of the United States. The |
1322 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
question arose because the Coast Guard had detained a schooner commanded by a free ""colored man"" who claimed he was a citizen of the United States. If he were a U.S. citizen the boat could be released, but otherwise—the Civil War then being fought—it would be confiscated. No information about the man's birth or parentage was provided. Bates responded on November 29, 1862, with a 27-page opinion — considered of such importance that the government published it not only in the official volumes of Attorney-General opinions but also as a separate booklet — concluding, In the course of that opinion, |
1323 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
Bates commented at some length on the nature of citizenship, and wrote, ... our constitution, in speaking of ""natural born citizens"", uses no affirmative language to make them such, but only recognizes and reaffirms the universal principle, common to all nations, and as old as political society, that the people born in a country do constitute the nation, and, as individuals, are ""natural"" members of the body politic. [italics in original] In another opinion, dated September 1, 1862, Bates dealt with a question from the Secretary of State, of whether a person born in the U.S. to two non-citizens, who |
1324 | "Ed Dundon"
In 1888, Dundon married Mary Lizzie Woolley, a classmate of his from the Ohio Institute. They had a son, Edwin Pius, in 1889. Dundon died from consumption in 1893. He was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Columbus. Ed Dundon Edward Joseph ""Dummy"" Dundon (July 10, 1859 – August 18, 1893) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Columbus Buckeyes for two seasons and was the first deaf player in Major League Baseball history. Dundon was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1859. He was deaf, and from the age of nine, he attended the Ohio Institute for |
1325 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
of the earlier and later commentators on our Constitution and laws; ... and lastly to the dicta and decisions of many of our national and state tribunals. But all this has been well done by Assistant Vice Chancellor Sandford, in the case of ""Lynch vs. Clarke"", and I forbear. I refer to his opinion for a full and clear statement of the principle, and of the reasons and authorities for its support. Unlike Edward Bates, U.S. Secretary of State William Learned Marcy was equivocal about whether those born in the country of alien parents and who reside elsewhere are still |
1326 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
considered citizens. In 1854 Marcy wrote John Y. Mason, the U.S. Minister to France: In reply to the inquiry ... whether ""the children of foreign parents ""born in the United States"", but brought to the country of which the father is a subject, and continuing to reside within the jurisdiction of their father's country, are entitled to protection as citizens of the United States"", I have to observe that it is presumed that, according to the common law, any person born in the United States, unless he be born in one of the foreign legations therein, may be considered a |
1327 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
citizen thereof until he formally renounces his citizenship. There is not, however any United States statute containing a provision upon this subject, nor, so far as I am aware, has there been any judicial decision in regard to it. U.S. Attorney General Edwards Pierrepont, however, shared Edward Bates' opinion that those born in the country of alien parents and who reside elsewhere are still considered citizens, and he added that they should be entitled to be president of the United States, if elected. In 1875 Pierrepont was presented with a query from the Secretary of State, Hamilton Fish. A young |
1328 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
man, named Arthur Steinkauler, had been born in Missouri in 1855, a year after his father was naturalized a U.S. citizen. When he was four years old, his father returned to Germany with him and both had stayed there ever since. The father had relinquished his U.S. citizenship and the young man was now 20 years old and about to be drafted into the Imperial German army. The question was asked ""What was this young man's situation as a native-born American citizen?"" After studying the relevant legal authorities, Pierrepont wrote: Under the treaty [of 1868 with Germany], and in harmony |
1329 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
with American doctrine, it is clear that Steinkauler the father abandoned his naturalization in America and became a German subject (his son being yet a minor), and that by virtue of German laws the son acquired German nationality. It is equally clear that the son, by birth, has American nationality, and hence he has two nationalities, one natural, the other acquired ... Young Steinkauler is a native-born American citizen. There is no law of the United States under which his father or any other person can deprive him of his birthright. He can return to America at the age of |
1330 | "Eddie Dougherty"
Joe Sullivan, Benny Carter, Benny Morton, and others in the first half of the 1940s. He worked with James P. Johnson several times, including on 1944 recording sessions. His later work included recordings with Cliff Jackson, Mary Lou Williams, Clyde Bernhardt, Wilbur De Paris, Teddy Wilson, and Albert Nicholas. He was still active into the 1980s. Eddie Dougherty Eddie Dougherty (July 17, 1915 – December 14, 1994) was an American jazz drummer. Dougherty played drums from age 13, working early on in Dickie Wells's band in Harlem at the beginning of the 1930s. He began recording frequently as a sideman |
1331 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
of December, to collect $25 million through a fundraising campaign set about in the United States to capitalize on American sympathisers to the Zionist cause. Out of the 129 million US dollars raised between October 1947 and March 1949 for the Zionist cause, more than $78 million, over 60%, were used to buy arms and munition. In the last week of March alone, the losses sustained by Haganah were particularly heavy: they lost three large convoys in ambushes, more than 100 soldiers and their fleet of armoured vehicles. All in all, West Jerusalem was gradually 'choked;' the settlements of Galilee |
1332 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
could not be reached in any other way but via the valley of Jordan and the road of Nahariya. This along with the foreseen attack of the Arab states in May and the earlier projected departure date of the British pushed Haganah to the offensive and to apply Plan Dalet from April onwards. A leased transport plane was used for the Operation Balak first arms ferry flight from Czechoslovakia on the end of March 1948. At the beginning of April 1948, a shipment of thousands of rifles and hundreds of machine guns arrived at Tel Aviv harbor. With this big |
1333 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
is settled by its express language, and when we are informed ... no person is eligible to the office of President unless he is a natural born citizen, the principle that the place of birth creates the relative quality is established as to us. James F. Wilson agreed with Rawle's opinion, but added the exclusion of visiting foreign diplomats. During an 1866 House debate, he quoted Rawle's opinion, and also referred to the ""general law relating to subjects and citizens recognized by all nations"", saying: ... and that must lead us to the conclusion that every person born in the |
1334 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
United States is a natural-born citizen of such States, except it may be that children born on our soil to temporary sojourners or representatives of foreign Governments, are native-born citizens of the United States. Supreme Court Justice Peter Vivian Daniel disagreed with this position and considered ""natural born citizen"" as every person born of citizen parents within the United States. In 1857, in a concurring opinion in ""Dred Scott v. Sandford"", he quoted an English-language translation of Emerich de Vattel's 1758 treatise ""The Law of Nations"" (""Le Droit des gens""), stating that ""The natives, or natural-born citizens, are those born |
1335 | "IT cost transparency"
IT cost transparency IT cost transparency is a new category of information technology management software and systems that enables enterprise IT organizations to model and track the total cost to deliver and maintain the IT Services they provide to the business. It is increasingly a task of management accounting. IT cost transparency solutions integrate financial information such as labor, software licensing costs, hardware acquisition and depreciation, data center facilities charges, from general ledger systems and combines that with operational data from ticketing, monitoring, asset management, and project portfolio management systems to provide a single, integrated view of IT costs by |
1336 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
Constitution, ""A Familiar Exposition of the Constitution of the United States"", about the natural-born-citizen clause he wrote ""It is not too much to say that no one, but a native citizen, ought ordinarily to be [e]ntrusted with an office so vital to the safety and liberties of the people."" This same wording also appeared in his 1834 work ""The constitutional class book: being a brief exposition of the Constitution of the United States: Designed for the use of the higher classes in common schools"". Alexander Porter Morse, the lawyer who represented Louisiana in ""Plessy v. Ferguson"", considered this connection between |
1337 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
""native born"" and ""natural born"" to signify that only a child of citizens should be allowed to run for President. In the ""Albany Law Journal"", he wrote: If it was intended that anybody who was a citizen by birth should be eligible, it would only have been necessary to say, ""no person, except a native-born citizen""; but the framers thought it wise, in view of the probable influx of European immigration, to provide that the president should at least be the child of citizens owing allegiance to the United States at the time of his birth. It may be observed |
1338 | "IT cost transparency"
resources, drive down total enterprise IT costs, and focus on IT spending that delivers real business value. The CIO who leads this change can usher in a new era of strategic IT management--and true partnership with the business."""" —Andrew M. Appel, Neeru Arora, and Raymond Zenkich. McKinsey & Company. "" ""Companies can get an understanding of the best candidates for virtualization or consolidation, for instance, and further reduce the cost of resources. IT organizations consistently try to become more efficient, and this type of detailed information enables visibility, billing and chargeback in the future,"" -- The average IT budget has |
1339 | "IT cost transparency"
the following breakdown: This is confirmed by independent research from McKinsey and the Sand-Hill Group. In addition to the considerations above about the current volume of software asset costs, even more important is their growth – their absolute growth (in EUR) and relative growth (relative to growth of other costs in the IT budget). Software asset costs are growing, endogenously and exogenously: IT Financial Management IT cost transparency IT cost transparency is a new category of information technology management software and systems that enables enterprise IT organizations to model and track the total cost to deliver and maintain the IT |
1340 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
were Tel Aviv itself."" No Jewish settlement was evacuated until the invasion of May 1948. Only a dozen kibbutzim in Galilee, and those in Gush Etzion sent women and children into the safer interior zones. Ben-Gurion gave instructions that the settlements of Negev be reinforced in number of men and goods, in particular the kibbutzim of Kfar Darom and Yad Mordechai (both close to Gaza), Revivim (south of Beersheba), and Kfar Etzion. Conscious of the danger that weighed upon Negev, the supreme command of Haganah assigned a whole Palmach battalion there. Jerusalem and the great difficulty of accessing the city |
1341 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
became even more critical to its Jewish population, who made up one sixth of the total Jewish population in Palestine. The long and difficult route from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, after leaving the Jewish zone at Hulda, went through the foothills of Latrun. The 28-kilometre route between Bab al-Wad and Jerusalem took no less than three hours, and the route passed near the Arab villages of Saris, Qaluniya, Al-Qastal, and Deir Yassin. Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni arrived in Jerusalem with the intent to surround and besiege its Jewish community. He moved to Surif, a village to the southwest of Jerusalem, with |
1342 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
his supporters—around a hundred fighters who were trained in Syria before the war and who served as officers in his army, Jihad al-Muqadas, or Army of the Holy War. He was joined by a hundred or so young villagers and Arab veterans of the British Army. His militia soon had several thousand men, and it moved its training quarters to Bir Zeit, a town near Ramallah. Abd al-Qadir's zone of influence extended down to the area of Lydda, Ramleh, and the Judean Hills where Hasan Salama commanded 1,000 men. Salama, like Abd al-Qadir, had been affiliated with Mufti Haj Amin |
1343 | "Bahrain Island"
of the area is arid . The average annual temperature in the area is 28 °C . The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is 38 °C and the coldest is January, with 18 °C. The average annual rainfall is 144 millimeters. The rainiest month is November, with an average of 38 mm of precipitation, and the driest is October, with 1 mm of precipitation. Manama, the capital of the kingdom of Bahrain, is located on the northeastern tip of the Island of Bahrain. The main port, Mina Salman, is also located on the island. as are the |
1344 | "Bahrain Island"
major oil refining facilities and commercial centers. The island is split between 3 Governorates of Bahrain Causeways and bridges connect Bahrain to adjacent islands and the mainland of Saudi Arabia. The oldest causeway, originally constructed in 1929, links Bahrain to Al Muharraq, the third largest island. There are three causeways connecting Muharraq Island with Manama on Bahrain Island: At its eastern shore is lying Sitrah, site of the oil export terminal, which is linked to Bahrain by a bridge that spans the narrow channel separating the two islands. At its western shore, a causeway to the island of Umm an |
1345 | "Bahrain Island"
Nasan, continues on to the Saudi mainland town of Al Khubar through the King Fahd Causeway. Umm an Nasan is the private property of the king and the site of his personal game preserve. Bahrain Island Bahrain Island ( ""Jazīrah al-Baḥrayn""), also known as al-Awal Island and formerly as Bahrein, is the largest island within the archipelago of Bahrain, and forms the bulk of the country's land mass while hosting the majority of its population. Most of the island of Bahrain is in a relatively shallow inlet of the Persian Gulf known as the Gulf of Bahrain. The seabed adjacent |
1346 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
Aomori Nebuta Matsuri The is a Japanese summer festival that takes place in Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan in early August. The festival attracts the most tourists of any of the country's nebuta festivals, and is counted among the three largest festivals in the Tōhoku region. It was designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property in 1980, and as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan by the Ministry of the Environment in 1996. ""Nebuta"" refers to the float of a brave warrior-figure which is carried through the center of the city, while dancers wearing a unique type of costume called |
1347 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
""does not permit his candidacy,"" referring to a candidate who was born in Canada to one U.S. citizen parent. Professor Robert Clinton at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University is also of the opinion that ""natural born citizen"" means ""born in the United States."" University of Chicago Professor Eric Posner also concludes that ""natural born citizen"" means a ""person born in the (United States)"". Former Chief Justice of the New York Court of Appeals, Sol Wachtler, concludes the same. Their conclusion is consistent with the position that the eighteenth century legal usage of the term |
1348 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
""shall be considered as natural born"" in the Naturalization Act of 1790 merely naturalized persons or granted them limited rights of the natural born. There is consensus among academics that those born on American soil, except children born to foreign ambassadors or to hostile soldiers on U.S. territory, both of whom owe allegiance to a different sovereign, are natural born citizens, or ""jus soli"", regardless of parental citizenship status. In a 2008 article published by the ""Michigan Law Review"", Lawrence Solum, Professor of Law at the University of Illinois, stated that ""there is general agreement on the core of [the] |
1349 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
meaning [of the Presidential Eligibility Clause]. Anyone born on American soil whose parents are citizens of the United States is a 'natural born citizen. In April 2010, Solum republished the same article as an online draft, in which he clarified his original statement so that it would not be misunderstood as excluding the children of one citizen parent. In a footnote he explained, ""based on my reading of the historical sources, there is no credible case that a person born on American soil with one American parent was clearly not a 'natural born citizen'."" He further extended natural born citizenship |
1350 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
Tamuramaro's forces for over 12 years, but was ultimately defeated. Aterui was captured and taken to Osaka Prefecture, where he was granted an audience with the ruler before being beheaded. Aterui's severed head was shown off to the public, and his family and followers still remaining in the Tōhoku region were forced to dig large holes where they were buried alive. Dirt was thrown over these graves, and those who surrendered to the Japanese forces and became slaves were instructed to stomp over the dirt. This event is said to be the origin of Nebuta (written ""根蓋"" in kanji), as |
1351 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
U.S.-born candidate's parents is irrelevant. In a 2006 John Marshall Law Review article, Paul A. Clark argues that the Fifth Amendment should be read as implicitly repealing the requirement that the U.S. President needs to be a natural-born U.S. citizen. Clark points out that, starting from the 1954 case Bolling v. Sharpe, courts have held that the Fifth Amendment contains an implicit equal protection clause whose scope is identical to the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause and that federal discrimination against naturalized U.S. citizens (or, more specifically, federal discrimination based on national origin) would be struck down by the courts |
1352 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
during the waning years of the war. Corporations began to sponsor the creation of the floats in the post-war period, and a strong emphasis was placed in expanding local tourism through the festival. The light source within the float was originally a candle, but was eventually changed to incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs powered by portable generators and rechargeable batteries. The frame of the floats also changed from bamboo to wire, lowering the risk of fire considerably. Nebuta floats also grew larger with time, but urban obstacles such as footbridges, power lines, and traffic lights only allowed their width to |
1353 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
increase significantly. The floats often feature images of kabuki actors, various types of gods, and historical or mythical figures from Japanese or Chinese culture, but modern Nebuta floats may also feature famous regional personalities or characters from television shows (especially the annual historical ""Taiga drama"" aired by NHK). A museum dedicated to the Nebuta Festival, Nebuta Museum Wa Rasse (), opened in 2011, providing an experience of the festival all year round for those who cannot come to the festival in August. The festival is held every year from August 2 to August 7, where the float is carried through |
1354 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
the city during the evening from August 2 to August 6, and during the daytime on August 7. A fireworks show is held on the evening of the final day while the float is carried into the sea. There are three types of floats used in the Aomori Nebuta Festival. The children's nebuta and regional nebuta are sponsored by local organizations, and are usually smaller than the normal nebuta. The children's nebuta is carried twice, from August 2 to August 3. The large nebutas are always carried at some point during the festival, but few can be seen during the |
1355 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
HaEmek is a kibbutz that was founded by Mapam in 1930, in the Jezreel Valley, close to the road between Haifa and Jenin that passes the Megiddo kibbutz. It is situated in a place that Haganah officers considered to be on one of the most likely axes of penetration for a 'major Arab attack' against the Yishuv. On 4 April, the Arab Liberation Army launched an attack on the kibbutz with the support of artillery. The attack was fought off by the members of the kibbutz, who were supported by Haganah soldiers. The artillery fire that had almost totally destroyed |
1356 | "Natural-born-citizen clause"
presidential election. His eligibility was questioned in a ""New York Tribune"" article, because he was born to parents of German nationality. It was stated that ""various Attorney-Generals [""sic""] of the United States have expressed the opinion that a child born in this country of alien parents, who have not been naturalized, is, by the fact of birth, a native-born citizen entitled to all rights and privileges as such."" But due to a lack of any statute on the subject, Schürmann's eligibility was ""at best an open question, and one which should have made [his] nomination under any circumstances an impossibility"", |
1357 | "Stargazer (aircraft)"
Stargazer (aircraft) Stargazer, registration number N140SC, is a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar built in 1974, that was modified in 1994 to be used by Orbital Sciences (later Orbital ATK, now Northrop Grumman) as a mother ship launch pad for Pegasus rockets. , 43 rockets (containing 94 satellites) have been launched from it, using the Pegasus-H and Pegasus-XL configurations. The first Pegasus launch to use ""Stargazer"" was conducted on 27 June 1994, and was the maiden flight of the Pegasus-XL. Previous launches used the NASA-operated Boeing NB-52B ""Balls 8"", which was also used for four subsequent launches, as the original Pegasus could |
1358 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
at the tail-end of the procession to cause disruption. Therefore, in 2001, all of the floats were pre-placed around the city and began their procession all at once and ended all at once at the signal of fireworks. The route was also changed back to the clock-wise direction. This caused there to be no beginning or tail-end to the procession, allowing the procession to flow more smoothly. This method also led to a decreased number of ""karasu-zoku"" and other vandals. However, the procession is always held in its original format on the final day of the festival. Each processional group |
1359 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
individually organizes the basic elements of the nebuta, such as processional order, creation of floats, and marching-band musicians. Other important factors include the children who pull the floats with ropes (in most cases, the floats are carried along by other means, and the children are just there for show), and the ""haneto"" dancers. Anyone, including tourists, can participate in any of the processions as a ""haneto"" as long as they are wearing the proper costume. The costumes are sold in supermarkets and department stores all across the prefecture, and a full set (excluding the flower hat) can be purchased for |
1360 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
were also evacuated under the instruction of Arab authorities. In May, Irgun engaged in several operations in the region, razing a number of villages and killing some of their inhabitants, as did some detachments from the Golani and Alexandroni brigades. Deir Yassin is a village located 5 kilometres west of Jerusalem. On 9 April 1948, independently of operation Nachshon, around 120 Irgun and Lehi men attacked the village. They massacred between 100 and 120 inhabitants of the village, mostly civilians. The Haganah had approved the attack and assisted in it, but was not involved in the massacre. The massacre led |
1361 | "Aomori Nebuta Matsuri"
simply, ""crows."" The group may also be called ""crow ""haneto"","" but their appearance and actions are not fitting of the name ""haneto"", and the regional media does not include the word in their descriptions. They are classified as a type of foot-borne bōsōzoku. The ""karasu-zoku"" first appeared at the festival in 1986. Initially, they were not viewed as a serious problem, but their actions became more malicious as bōsōzoku members began to join their ranks. The Japanese media picked up on the group in order to raise awareness, but this tactic backfired as new gang members started to join from |
1362 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
was within the Arab population of neighbouring Arab states, which, once again, increased its pressure on the representatives of these states to intervene and come to the aid of the Palestinian Arabs. On 13 April, partly in revenge for the Deir Yassin massacre, a convoy that was driving towards Jerusalem's Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus was attacked by hundreds of Arabs. In the seven-hour battle 79 Jews were killed including doctors and patients. Thirteen British soldiers were present, but they stood by, only putting in a perfunctory attempt at intervention in the last moments of the massacre. Lieutenant-Colonel Jack Churchill |
1363 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
was present at the scene, and later testified that he had attempted to assist the Hadassah convoy by radioing for support, only for the request to be turned down. Following the 'fiasco' of Mishmar HaEmek, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji ordered the Druze regiment of the Arab Liberation Army into action, to carry out diversion operations. Druze soldiers took position in several Arab villages 12 kilometres to the east of Haifa, whence they occasionally attacked traffic and Jewish settlements, including Ramat Yohanan. The Kibbutznikim and the Haganah soldiers that supported them forced back their attacks and razed the villages from which they launched |
1364 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
mainly of the four laboratories and some 80 employees of the government's 46-year-old research agency, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). GSFC was established on May 1, 1959 as NASA's first space flight center. Its original charter was to perform five major functions on behalf of NASA: technology development and fabrication, planning, scientific research, technical operations, and project management. Even today, the Center is organized into several Directorates, each charged with one of these key functions. Until May 1, 1959, NASA's presence in Greenbelt, Maryland was known as the Beltsville Space Center. It was then renamed the Goddard Space |
1365 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
Flight Center (GSFC), after Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of modern rocketry. Its first 157 employees transferred from the United States Navy's Project Vanguard missile program, but continued their work at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. while the Center was under construction. On August 1, 1958, Senator J. Glenn Beall of Maryland announced in a press release that the new ""outer space agency"" (NASA) would establish a laboratory and plant at Greenbelt, Maryland. This was the first time public notice was drawn to what was to become Goddard Space Flight Center. Planning of the new Center continued |
1366 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
through the rest of 1958 and by the end of the year events were ripening. On January 15, 1959, by action of the NASA Administrator, four divisions (Construction Division, Space Sciences Division, Theoretical Division, and the Vanguard Division) of NASA were designated as the new Beltsville Space Center. In a meeting held on February 12, 1959, for the purpose of surveying the organization and functions of the Beltsville Space Center, it was generally agreed that the Center probably would perform five major interrelated space science functions on behalf of NASA: Project Management, Research, Development and fabrication, Advanced planning, and Operations. |
1367 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
On May 1, 1959, Dr. T. Keith Glennan, NASA Administrator, in a public release, formally announced that the Beltsville Space Center would be re-designated the Goddard Space Flight Center ""in commemoration of Dr. Robert H. Goddard, American pioneer in rocket research."" In May 1959, Leopold Winkler, who had transferred to NASA with the Vanguard program, was appointed Chief, Technical Services for Goddard. And in September 1959, Dr. Harry J. Goett was named Director of Goddard Space Flight Center. Goett came from Ames Research Center, where he had been Chief of the Full Scale and Flight Research Division. On April 24, |
1368 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
1959, construction of the new space laboratory began on a site located on a 550-acre tract formerly part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Center at Beltsville, Maryland. By September 1960, Building 1 was fully occupied and other buildings were well underway. Although much of the occupancy was on a temporary basis and the personnel complement was widely scattered from Anacostia, D.C., to Silver Spring, Maryland, and points between, the Goddard Space Flight Center had become a physical reality. Goddard Space Flight Center contributed to Project Mercury, America's first manned space flight program. The Center assumed a lead |
1369 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
role for the project in its early days and managed the first 250 employees involved in the effort, who were stationed at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. However, the size and scope of Project Mercury soon prompted NASA to build a new ""Manned Spacecraft Center"", now the Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas. Project Mercury's personnel and activities were transferred there in 1961. During the early manned space flight years, including the missions of Project Mercury, Project Gemini and the Apollo program, GSFC was responsible for the management and operations of the communication networks. In 1961, Goddard tracking and |
1370 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
data engineers were given responsibility for designing and managing the Mercury Space Flight Network (MSFN), the first consolidated communication network to support manned space flight. Later, GSFC was responsible for the design, management, and operation of the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN), Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN), and finally the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN). In April 1962, NASA launched Ariel 1 - a joint effort between Goddard and the United Kingdom and the first international satellite. Researchers in the U.K. developed the instruments for the satellite, and Goddard managed development of the satellite and the overall |
1371 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
project. The ending of the Apollo program brought a new era to Goddard. The drive to the Moon had unified NASA and garnered tremendous support for space efforts from Congress and the country in general. But once that goal was achieved, NASA's role, mission and funding became a little less clear. In some ways, Goddard's focus on scientific missions and a diversity of projects helped protect it from some of the cutbacks that accompanied the end of the Apollo program in 1972. Yet despite the cutbacks, the work at Goddard was still expanding into new areas, such as technology development |
1372 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
and leveraging satellites to take advantage of the Space Shuttle. Goddard Space Flight Center remained involved in the manned space flight program, providing computer support and radar tracking of flights through a worldwide network of ground stations called the Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STDN). However, the Center focused primarily on designing unmanned satellites and spacecraft for scientific research missions. Goddard pioneered several fields of spacecraft development, including modular spacecraft design, which reduced costs and made it possible to repair satellites in orbit. Goddard's Solar Max satellite, launched in 1980, was repaired by astronauts on the Space Shuttle ""Challenger"" |
1373 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
in 1984. The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990, remains in service and continues to grow in capability thanks to its modular design and multiple servicing missions by the Space Shuttle. Early this decade, another mission Goddard managed, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory launched, which observed 2,700 gammy ray-bursts and definitively showed that the majority of gamma-ray bursts must originate in distant galaxies and therefore must be enormously energetic. A quote from the official history of Goddard states: Today, the Center remains involved in each of NASA's key programs. Goddard has developed more instruments for planetary exploration than any other |
1374 | "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center"
organization, among them scientific instruments sent to every planet in the Solar System. The Center's contribution to the Earth Science Enterprise includes several spacecraft in the Earth Observing System fleet as well as EOSDIS, a science data collection, processing, and distribution system. For the manned space flight program, Goddard develops tools for use by astronauts during extra-vehicular activity, and built and operates the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Notable scientists and engineers from GSFC include: History of the Goddard Space Flight Center Goddard Space Flight Center is NASA's first, and oldest, space center. It is named after |
1375 | "USS Howick Hall (ID-1303)"
USS Howick Hall (ID-1303) USS ""Howick Hall"" (ID-1303) was a cargo ship launched in 1910 and in service till 1942. She served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919; she was lost in the German bombing of a British Arctic convoy in 1942. ""Howick Hall"" was built as the commercial cargo ship SS ""Howick Hall"" in 1910 at Port Glasgow, Scotland, by the William Hamilton Company. In 1914 she was sold to the United States Steel Products Company of New York City. She was sold to the Isthmian Line in 1915. In September 1917, the United States Army |
1376 | "Struell Wells"
the night standing in the water singing psalms and spiritual songs. These wells are almost certain to have been the fountain ""Slan"" mentioned in Saint Fiacc's hymn of Saint Patrick. Pilgrims also came to the site to do penance. There is a stone Chair of Saint Patrick (or Bed of Saint Patrick), on the brow of the hill which, on the western side, overhangs the field with the wells. The ""Bolster"" stone has been disarranged. Around the stone chair is a roughly circular path over sharp stones called the Penitential Ring. There was a complicated penitential ritual involving circling all |
1377 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
the intention behind the Yishuv's negotiation was to obtain a peace treaty and avoid an attack by Arab forces. At that time, the balance of power was not favourable for them, but Meir did not manage to convince the King. According to Morris, Abdullah 'reconsidered the promises that he made in November to not be opposed to the partition plan,' but left Meir with the impression that he would make peace with the Jewish state once the civil war had finished. Avi Shlaim spoke of a 'tacit' agreement to prevent the division of Palestine with the Palestinians, arguing the idea |
1378 | "USS Howick Hall (ID-1303)"
London, then again in 1935 to H. Constant of London. ""Doverden"" was sold for scrap in 1935, but was saved from scrapping when Ditta Luigi Pittaluga Vapori of Genoa, Italy, purchased her and placed her in service as the Italian commercial cargo ship SS ""Ircania"". In 1937 she was sold to the S.A. Cooperativa di Nav Garibaldi of Genoa, and served as an Italian supply ship in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War of 1935-1936. The U.S. Maritime Commission acquired ""Ircania"" on 24 June 1941 at Jacksonville, Florida, and renamed her SS ""Raceland"". The Maritime Commission transferred ""Raceland"" to the South Atlantic |
1379 | "USS Howick Hall (ID-1303)"
Line on 31 December 1941. In South Atlantic Line service early in World War II, ""Raceland"" joined Convoy PQ-13, which departed Boston, Massachusetts, for Reykjavík, Iceland, and then continued to Murmansk in the northern Soviet Union. ""Raceland"" was in Convoy PQ-13 on the Reykjavík-Murmansk leg of its voyage when she was bombed and sunk by German bombers south of Bear Island on 28 March 1942 at position . Two of four lifeboats her crew launched were lost in heavy seas. The remaining two finally reached the coast of Norway, after constant rowing, with 22 men dead from the cold. USS |
1380 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
the same time. He states that the presence of Arab Legion troops, before 15 May, near strategic positions held by the British is in this way easy to understand. Ilan Pappé stressed that neither Abdullah's ministers, nor the Arab world itself, seemed to be privy to the discussions held between him and the Yishuv, even if his ambitions on Palestine were widely known. He also stated that Sir Alec Kirkbride and Glubb Pasha thought at the time that, at the very least, Azzam Pasha, the Secretary of the Arab League, must have known about Abdullah's double game. It is certain, |
1381 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
on the other hand, that Golda Meir and King Abdullah did not come to an agreement on the status of Jerusalem. On 13 May, the Arab Legion took Kfar Etzion, strategically located halfway along the road between Hebron and Jerusalem. On 17 May, Abdullah ordered Glubb Pasha, commander of the Arab Legion, to launch an attack against the Holy City. Kfar Etzion is a group of four settlements established on the strategic route between Hebron and Jerusalem, right in the middle of Arab inhabited territory. It had 400 inhabitants at the end of 1947. After the adoption of Resolution 181(II), |
1382 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
it was the object of Arab attacks. Ben-Gurion reinforced it on 7 December, protecting it with a Palmach division, but on 8 January, he authorized the evacuation of the women and children of the settlements. After 26 March, the last date on which a supply convoy successfully reached it, despite heavy losses of life, the defenders were completely isolated. On 12 May, Arab Legion units started to attack the settlements. The motivations advanced include their desire to protect one of their last supply convoys before the embargo took effect, which had to travel down the road by Kfar Etzion. Another |
1383 | "1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"
theory is that the block of settlements obstructed the deployment of the Legion in the area around Hebron, whose attack was one of Abdullah's principal objectives. External defences fell quickly, and, on 13 May, the first kibbutz was captured, and those who were taken prisoner were massacred; only four survived. Of the 131 defenders, 127, including 21 women, were killed, or massacred after they surrendered. The other three establishments surrendered, and the kibbutzim were first plundered, then razed to the ground. In March 1949 320 prisoners from the Etzion settlements were released from the ""Jordan POW camp at Mafrak"", including |
1384 | "War Front: Turning Point"
numbers to overwhelm its opposition. It has an expanded and more-effective selection of infantry. Along with the general Red Army infantry, the Soviets have Medics to heal nearby infantry, Commissars to boost morale (overall efficiency), Molotov infantry that uses Molotov cocktails rather than rockets, being a faster option and can be backed up by Vodka Dealers who can make nearby infantry invulnerable to damage while they're alive. Their heavy armour is also small yet does include some powerful machines, like the Kharkov Rampager that is slow yet equipped with multiple turrets. Their aircraft is both smaller and weaker, primarily using |
1385 | "War Front: Turning Point"
Tupolev TB-3 bombers, Il-2 Shturmovik ground-attack aircraft and Yakovlev Yak-1 interceptors. They do however have powerful experimental units like the Ice Spitter, capable of freezing other units along with a similar ""freeze bomb"" deployed by a Tupolev bomber. There is also the Giant Moving Turret that is slow with limited turret movement, but it has a long range and is very powerful. The APC Mole can transport troops by tunnelling underground. ""War Front: Turning Point"" is set in an alternate universe in which Adolf Hitler is killed in the early days of the war. A new chancellor comes to power, |
1386 | "Hamilton Nationals"
Hamilton Nationals The Hamilton Nationals were a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. They began play in the 2009 season in Toronto, Ontario as the Toronto Nationals, becoming the first-ever Canadian team in MLL history. In 2009, they played their home games at BMO Field, which is also home to Major League Soccer's Toronto FC but moved to the smaller Lamport Stadium for the 2010 season. On February 3, 2011, the Nationals announced that they were relocating to Hamilton, Ontario, and would play their home games at Ron Joyce Stadium on the |
1387 | "Hamilton Nationals"
campus of McMaster University. On 21 November 2013, MLL announced that the team would not participate in the 2014 season, with most of the players being transferred to the expansion Florida Launch. The Hamilton Nationals' identity represented both the Canadian and Iroquois communities. The team's logo incorporated the Canadian maple leaf and the Iroquois Five Nations belt pattern taken from each respective flag. Additionally, they continuously signed Iroquois players. The Nationals had their roots in the MLL's charter franchise the Rochester Rattlers. Before the 2009 season, part of the Rattlers' roster was transferred to the new Nationals' team; however, the |
1388 | "Mike Scott (broadcaster)"
Mike Scott (broadcaster) Michael John Christopher Scott (8 December 1932 – 30 May 2008) was a British television producer and presenter. He is best remembered for his TV talk show, ""The Time, The Place"" and his work as a reporter on ""World in Action"". Scott was born in London and educated at the Latymer School, Edmonton, London, and Clayesmore School in Dorset. He served as a second lieutenant in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps during his National Service. After leaving the Army, Scott worked as a salesman for Unilever before becoming a stage hand at the Royal Festival Hall. Scott |
1389 | "Hamilton Nationals"
victory 10–9 over the Denver Outlaws. Merrick Thomson was named Playoff MVP and Brodie Merrill won the Major League Lacrosse Defensive player of the Year Award. On February 3, 2011, the Nationals announced that they would be moving to Hamilton and would be known as the Hamilton Nationals. It was also announced that Arrow Express Sports would take sole ownership of the team and the team would play their home games at Ron Joyce Stadium on the campus of McMaster University. Jody Gage was announced as the new general manager for the team, while Regy Thorpe was named the new |
1390 | "Hamilton Nationals"
head coach. On 21 November 2013, the MLL announced that the team would not participate in the 2014 season, with most of the players being transferred to the expansion Florida Launch. The team was expected to attempt to rejoin the league for the 2015 season once construction of the new Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton is completed, much like the Rochester Rattlers did for the 2011 season, but failed to do so. No information on a return has been reported. Hamilton Nationals The Hamilton Nationals were a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Hamilton, Ontario, |
1391 | "War Front: Turning Point"
rescue Elsa Adler, a female German spy behind Soviet lines of the Eastern Front. There it is revealed that the Soviets are using weapons to cool the environment to their advantage, with Adler being pursued by Aleksei Mikhalkov of the Red Army. Upon Adler's rescue, she reveals Soviet plans to build a range of new super-weapons and conquer Germany. To prevent this, they join up entirely to Preiss' resistance, and with the help of American Colonel John Lynch, they press on to take out the current Nazi leaders in order to make peace and ally with Britain and the rest |
1392 | "War Front: Turning Point"
of the Western Allies in hope of suppressing further conflict with the Soviets. This operation is successful; despite Nazi attempts to even destroy Berlin in the process. Back at Berlin, General Wells of Britain arrives to sign the peace treaty with Hardt, only to be interrupted by a surprise Soviet attack on the capital. While the Allies and Germans recover, it becomes apparent that the previous reports which Adler obtained were fabricated by the Soviets themselves so the German Resistance would kill the Chancellor, thus bringing Germany into civil war, while the Soviets benefit and conquer all of Eastern Europe. |
1393 | "Jamie Reeves (footballer)"
FA Vase history"". After 13 years playing semi-professionally in the Southern League, Isthmian League and Essex Senior League, Jamie hung up his boots and within a year moved to Singapore. He briefly came out of retirement for one season in the FAS Premier League (the forerunner of the S.League), playing for the now-defunct team Tyrwhitt Soccerites. He established a reputation for scoring with headers, and at the end of the season was named the league's second best player of the year by ""The Straits Times"". First appearing on TV in May 1992, working in the studio on the FA Cup |
1394 | "Jamie Reeves (footballer)"
Final between Liverpool and Sunderland, Jamie went on to do commentary work on the Malaysia Cup and the S.League before joining ESPN Star Sports. There, he has commentated on the Chinese Super League, the K-League, the UEFA Champions League, the Asian Games, the Asian World Cup Qualifiers and the Tiger Cup, as well as dabbling in La Liga and Serie A. He first worked as a studio pundit on the Premier League in the 2000-2001 season, and has been heavily involved with commenting on that league ever since. Since 1989, he has also worked as an Economics teacher in Singapore. |
1395 | "Yong Pil Rhee"
Easton with the thesis ""Breakdown of Authority Structure in Korea in 1960: A Systems Approach"", a case study of the failure of concerted feedback. Rhee returned to South Korea, where he started as Lecturer of Political Science, Graduate School of Yonsei University. He became Professor at the Seoul National University later in the 1980s. Around 1998 Rhee also worked at the International Systems Institute. Yong Pil Rhee was the president of the Korean Society for Systems Science Research, and the president of the International Society for the Systems Sciences in 1996, and the vice-president of the International Federation for Systems |
1396 | "War Front: Turning Point"
in general by outlining the traditional conventions in most reviews, such as concluding, ""Lazy conclusion? Wrap things up with a witty line that leaves readers grinning. Or, just stop writing in the middl..."" GameSpy criticised the first-person shooter aspect for being ""useless in a game that moves so fast"" and even ""may also cause lesser computers to slow to a crawl."" Graphically, GameSpot felt, ""The dark, gritty look of the game makes most levels a treat for the eyes when you're simply gawking at the scenery"" yet at times can be ""so dark and dense with detail that units are |
1397 | "War Front: Turning Point"
obscured."" War Front: Turning Point War Front: Turning Point is a real-time strategy video game set in an alternate World War II. It was developed by Digital Reality, and published by CDV and released in 2007 for Microsoft Windows. The game is set in a fictional, alternate World War II in which Adolf Hitler is assassinated in the early days of the war, and under the new chancellor, Germany occupies Great Britain. Eventually, Nazi Germany is defeated, but this allows the Soviet Union to advance into Western Europe. The game features both real life and fictional ""experimental"" war machines and |
1398 | "Standard Electric Time Company"
Standard Electric Time Company The Standard Electric Time Company was a Springfield, Massachusetts company founded in 1884, and was a manufacturer of synchronized clock systems and fire alarm systems. They were the oldest manufacturer of electric clocks in the United States. The company was acquired by Johnson Controls in 1970 and then Faraday in 1978. The company was founded in Waterbury, Connecticut by Charles Warner, the pioneer of the electric clock. The company was later moved to Springfield MA in 1911. Standard quickly became known for its electric clock systems, which were often installed in schools, universities, and other public |
1399 | "Black and Asian Studies Association"
Black and Asian Studies Association The Black and Asian Studies Association (BASA) was set up in London in 1991. Until October 1997 it was known as the Association for the Study of African Caribbean and Asian Culture and History In Britain (ASACACHIB). The Association was set up to foster research and to provide information on the history of Black peoples in Britain. Founder members include Marika Sherwood and Hakim Adi. This has been done through a triannual Newsletter and an annual conference. They have also worked with local organisations to highlight the Black Presence in British society. BASA has lobbied |
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