Datasets:
TRIAD commited on
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README.md
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@@ -28,29 +28,19 @@ configs:
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: all-modality_ambiguity.json
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-
---
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# TRIAD: Benchmarking Omni-Modal Ambiguity in Multimodal Large Language Models
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[](#recommended-evaluation-protocol)
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[](#data-format)
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[](#dataset-statistics)
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[](#dataset-statistics)
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[](#double-blind-review-notice)
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**TRIAD** is a diagnostic benchmark for evaluating whether omni-modal models can resolve ambiguity by jointly integrating **text**, **image**, and **audio**.
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-
---
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## Overview
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TRIAD targets a failure mode common in multimodal evaluation: a model may appear to solve a multimodal task while actually relying on only one dominant modality. In TRIAD, each example is constructed so that the full tri-modal input is needed to identify the intended answer.
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<div align="center">
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-
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| | |
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| ------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
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| **Task** | Multiple-choice tri-modal question answering |
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| **Primary use** | Held-out diagnostic evaluation |
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| **Review status** | Anonymous version for double-blind review |
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</div>
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---
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## Table of Contents
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- [Overview](#overview)
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- [Maintenance](#maintenance)
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- [Double-blind Review Notice](#double-blind-review-notice)
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-
---
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## What Makes TRIAD Different?
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TRIAD is designed around **tri-modal irreducibility**.
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<div align="center">
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-
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-
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| Input condition | Expected property |
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| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **Text + Image + Audio** | The intended answer should be identifiable. |
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| **Any two modalities** | The answer should remain underdetermined or less well supported. |
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| **Any single modality** | Multiple options should remain plausible. |
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</div>
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-
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The benchmark emphasizes audio cues that cannot be fully captured by a transcript, including:
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- prosody and intonation;
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- environmental sound;
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- symbolic sound such as alarms, ringtones, and bells.
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-
---
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## Repository Layout
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```text
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│ └── statistics.json
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└── all-modality_ambiguity.json
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```
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> The exact layout may vary across release versions, but every item contains relative paths to its image and audio files.
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---
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## Data Format
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Each item is stored as a JSON object.
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Field description</strong></summary>
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| Field | Type | Description |
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| ------------------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `id` | string | Unique item identifier. Items with the same prefix belong to the same scenario group. |
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| `category.modal_category.image` | string | Image ambiguity category. |
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| `category.modal_category.audio` | string | Audio ambiguity category. |
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</details>
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---
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## Loading the Dataset
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### Load
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```python
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import json
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from pathlib import Path
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data_path = Path("
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items = []
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with data_path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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items.append(json.loads(line))
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print(len(items))
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print(items[0]["question"])
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root = Path(".")
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item = items[0]
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image_path = root / item["image"]
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audio_path = root / item["audio"]
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print(image_path)
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print(audio_path)
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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dataset = load_dataset("json", data_files="
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print(dataset["train"][0])
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```
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---
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## Dataset Statistics
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<div align="center">
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| Statistic | Value |
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| ------------------------- | ----: |
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| Number of items | 327 |
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| Number of scenario groups | 86 |
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| Average group size | 3.8 |
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</div>
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### Group-size Distribution
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<div align="center">
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| Group size | Number of groups |
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| ---------: | ---------------: |
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| 2 | 23 |
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| 4 | 42 |
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| 8 | 10 |
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</div>
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### Ambiguity-level Distribution
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<div align="center">
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| Ambiguity level | Number of items |
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| --------------- | --------------: |
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| `single_modal` | 230 |
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| `dual_modal` | 59 |
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| `tri_modal` | 38 |
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</div>
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-
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-
---
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## Ambiguity Taxonomy
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Every item receives one leaf-level ambiguity label for each modality.
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| **Environmental** | 34 | Background sounds that change interpretation of the scene. |
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| **Symbolic** | 20 | Non-linguistic auditory symbols such as alarms, bells, ringtones, or notifications. |
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## Recommended Evaluation Protocol
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The standard TRIAD evaluation provides the model with:
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<div align="center">
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-
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| Component | Included in standard evaluation |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------- |
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| Textual context | Yes |
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| Question | Yes |
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| Answer options | Yes |
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</div>
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The model should output exactly one option key.
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### Modality Conditions
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| Item-level accuracy | Standard accuracy over all items. |
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| Group-level accuracy | Accuracy aggregated over scenario groups to reduce over-counting of sister examples. |
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---
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## Intended Uses
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TRIAD is intended for:
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- comparing full-modality performance with modality-ablated settings;
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- analyzing which ambiguity types are hardest for different model families.
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---
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## Out-of-Scope Uses
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TRIAD is **not** intended for:
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> TRIAD is small and diagnostic by design. It should not be treated as a representative sample of real-world multimodal interactions.
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-
---
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## Data Collection and Annotation
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TRIAD was constructed by designing everyday scenarios in which text, image, and audio jointly determine the intended answer.
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Items were reviewed to reduce degenerate cases where the answer can be determined from only one or two modalities.
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-
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## Responsible AI Considerations
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Privacy</strong></summary>
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The dataset is designed to avoid personally identifying information. Audio clips and images should not be used for identifying real individuals, voice matching, face recognition, or impersonation.
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Audio-specific risks</strong></summary>
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Because the dataset includes audio, it should not be used for biometric speaker recognition, voice cloning, speaker profiling, or identity inference. Audio is included only for evaluating multimodal reasoning.
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Sensitive content</strong></summary>
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The dataset avoids content involving violence, privacy violations, or sensitive personal information. Any remaining potentially sensitive cases should be treated as diagnostic examples only.
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Bias and limitations</strong></summary>
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TRIAD is a small diagnostic benchmark. Its examples are intentionally constructed around ambiguity and may not reflect the natural distribution of everyday multimodal data.
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Model performance on TRIAD should therefore be interpreted as a measure of ambiguity-resolution ability rather than general multimodal competence.
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The dataset contains English, Chinese, and mixed-language examples. Results may vary across languages and model families.
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</details>
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-
---
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## Licensing
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The license metadata is set to `MIT`.
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## Citation
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Citation information will be added after the double-blind review period.
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}
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```
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## Maintenance
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The dataset will be versioned. Errata, corrected annotations, and future extensions will be documented in the repository release history.
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For the anonymous review version, contact information is withheld to preserve double-blind review. A public maintainer contact will be added after the review period.
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## Double-blind Review Notice
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This repository is prepared for anonymous peer review. Please do not infer author identity from repository ownership, commit metadata, or temporary hosting information. Any non-anonymous information will be added after the review period.
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: all-modality_ambiguity.json
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---
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# TRIAD: Benchmarking Omni-Modal Ambiguity in Multimodal Large Language Models
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+
[](#recommended-evaluation-protocol) [](#data-format) [](#dataset-statistics) [](#dataset-statistics) [](#double-blind-review-notice)
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**TRIAD** is a diagnostic benchmark for evaluating whether omni-modal models can resolve ambiguity by jointly integrating **text**, **image**, and **audio**.
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|
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## Overview
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TRIAD targets a failure mode common in multimodal evaluation: a model may appear to solve a multimodal task while actually relying on only one dominant modality. In TRIAD, each example is constructed so that the full tri-modal input is needed to identify the intended answer.
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| ------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
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| **Task** | Multiple-choice tri-modal question answering |
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| **Primary use** | Held-out diagnostic evaluation |
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| **Review status** | Anonymous version for double-blind review |
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## Table of Contents
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- [Overview](#overview)
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- [Maintenance](#maintenance)
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- [Double-blind Review Notice](#double-blind-review-notice)
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## What Makes TRIAD Different?
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TRIAD is designed around **tri-modal irreducibility**.
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| Input condition | Expected property |
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| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **Text + Image + Audio** | The intended answer should be identifiable. |
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| **Any two modalities** | The answer should remain underdetermined or less well supported. |
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| **Any single modality** | Multiple options should remain plausible. |
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The benchmark emphasizes audio cues that cannot be fully captured by a transcript, including:
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- prosody and intonation;
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- environmental sound;
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- symbolic sound such as alarms, ringtones, and bells.
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## Repository Layout
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```text
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│ └── statistics.json
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└── all-modality_ambiguity.json
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```
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+
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> The exact layout may vary across release versions, but every item contains relative paths to its image and audio files.
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## Data Format
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Each item is stored as a JSON object.
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Field description</strong></summary>
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| Field | Type | Description |
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| ------------------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| `id` | string | Unique item identifier. Items with the same prefix belong to the same scenario group. |
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| `category.modal_category.image` | string | Image ambiguity category. |
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| `category.modal_category.audio` | string | Audio ambiguity category. |
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</details>
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## Loading the Dataset
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### Load JSON metadata
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```python
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import json
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from pathlib import Path
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data_path = Path("all-modality_ambiguity.json")
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with data_path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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items = json.load(f)
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print(len(items))
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print(items[0]["question"])
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root = Path(".")
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item = items[0]
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image_path = root / item["image"].replace("./", "")
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audio_path = root / item["audio"].replace("./", "")
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print(image_path)
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print(audio_path)
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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dataset = load_dataset("json", data_files="all-modality_ambiguity.json")
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print(dataset["train"][0])
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```
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## Dataset Statistics
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| Statistic | Value |
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| ------------------------- | ----: |
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| Number of items | 327 |
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| Number of scenario groups | 86 |
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| Average group size | 3.8 |
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### Group-size Distribution
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| Group size | Number of groups |
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| ---------: | ---------------: |
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| 2 | 23 |
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| 4 | 42 |
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| 8 | 10 |
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### Ambiguity-level Distribution
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| Ambiguity level | Number of items |
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| --------------- | --------------: |
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| `single_modal` | 230 |
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| `dual_modal` | 59 |
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| `tri_modal` | 38 |
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## Ambiguity Taxonomy
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Every item receives one leaf-level ambiguity label for each modality.
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| **Environmental** | 34 | Background sounds that change interpretation of the scene. |
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| **Symbolic** | 20 | Non-linguistic auditory symbols such as alarms, bells, ringtones, or notifications. |
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|
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## Recommended Evaluation Protocol
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| 271 |
|
| 272 |
The standard TRIAD evaluation provides the model with:
|
| 273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Component | Included in standard evaluation |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------- |
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| Textual context | Yes |
|
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| Question | Yes |
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| Answer options | Yes |
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The model should output exactly one option key.
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### Modality Conditions
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| Item-level accuracy | Standard accuracy over all items. |
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| 319 |
| Group-level accuracy | Accuracy aggregated over scenario groups to reduce over-counting of sister examples. |
|
| 320 |
|
|
|
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| 321 |
## Intended Uses
|
| 322 |
|
| 323 |
TRIAD is intended for:
|
|
|
|
| 329 |
- comparing full-modality performance with modality-ablated settings;
|
| 330 |
- analyzing which ambiguity types are hardest for different model families.
|
| 331 |
|
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|
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| 332 |
## Out-of-Scope Uses
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| 333 |
|
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TRIAD is **not** intended for:
|
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|
|
| 345 |
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| 346 |
> TRIAD is small and diagnostic by design. It should not be treated as a representative sample of real-world multimodal interactions.
|
| 347 |
|
|
|
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| 348 |
## Data Collection and Annotation
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| 349 |
|
| 350 |
TRIAD was constructed by designing everyday scenarios in which text, image, and audio jointly determine the intended answer.
|
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| 360 |
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Items were reviewed to reduce degenerate cases where the answer can be determined from only one or two modalities.
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## Responsible AI Considerations
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Privacy</strong></summary>
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The dataset is designed to avoid personally identifying information. Audio clips and images should not be used for identifying real individuals, voice matching, face recognition, or impersonation.
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+
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Audio-specific risks</strong></summary>
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Because the dataset includes audio, it should not be used for biometric speaker recognition, voice cloning, speaker profiling, or identity inference. Audio is included only for evaluating multimodal reasoning.
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+
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Sensitive content</strong></summary>
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The dataset avoids content involving violence, privacy violations, or sensitive personal information. Any remaining potentially sensitive cases should be treated as diagnostic examples only.
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+
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</details>
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<details open>
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<summary><strong>Bias and limitations</strong></summary>
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TRIAD is a small diagnostic benchmark. Its examples are intentionally constructed around ambiguity and may not reflect the natural distribution of everyday multimodal data.
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Model performance on TRIAD should therefore be interpreted as a measure of ambiguity-resolution ability rather than general multimodal competence.
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The dataset contains English, Chinese, and mixed-language examples. Results may vary across languages and model families.
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</details>
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## Licensing
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The license metadata is set to `MIT`.
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## Citation
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Citation information will be added after the double-blind review period.
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}
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```
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## Maintenance
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The dataset will be versioned. Errata, corrected annotations, and future extensions will be documented in the repository release history.
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For the anonymous review version, contact information is withheld to preserve double-blind review. A public maintainer contact will be added after the review period.
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## Double-blind Review Notice
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This repository is prepared for anonymous peer review. Please do not infer author identity from repository ownership, commit metadata, or temporary hosting information. Any non-anonymous information will be added after the review period.
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