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The macro decodes the dropped files using Windows certutil.exe with the following commands (certutil.exe is a legitimate built-in command-line program to manage certificates in Windows | ['T1140'] |
Cobalt Strike. Use scheduled tasks and batch files for automation. The use of LOLBins. Erasing Windows Event Logs, files and tasks | ['T1053.005'] |
In the detected attack, the Ragnar Locker actors used a GPO task to execute Microsoft Installer (msiexec.exe), passing parameters to download and silently install a 122 MB crafted, unsigned MSI package from a remote web server. The primary contents of the MSI package were | ['T1218.007'] |
Then, it modifies the Team Viewer registry settings. As we said, the Team Viewer components used in this campaign are not the original ones. They are slightly modified. The malware author replaced all the entries of “Teamviewer” strings in Team Viewer components. TeamViewer client registry settings are then HKLMSoftwar... | ['T1219'] |
Fake domains . Our latest Transparent Tribe research confirms that the group continues to create malicious domains mimicking defense-related entities as a core component of their operations. Security researchers previously discovered Transparent Tribe using sharingmymedia[.]com to host Android malware targeting Indian ... | ['T1583.001'] |
AQUATIC PANDA continued their reconnaissance from the host, using native OS binaries to understand current privilege levels as well as system and domain details. OverWatch threat hunters also observed an attempt to discover and stop a third-party endpoint detection and response (EDR) service | ['T1562.001', 'T1007', 'T1518.001'] |
Konni malware family use a custom base64 key to encode the content of several files in the exfiltration phase. We observed the same flow of data reconnaissance and exfiltration across all campaigns | ['T1132.001'] |
Another interesting finding is that Bazar Loader has now implemented a Domain Generation Algorithm using the current date as a seed | ['T1568.002'] |
Once the skimmer has the credit card details, it serializes the copied data into a string and encodes it with Base64. Then, it performs a character permutation on the encoded string to make sure it can’t be directly decoded with Base64 decoding | ['T1560.003'] |
The HTTP request retrieves contents of the files present in the repository with an interesting validation which checks that the retrieved file is a PNG. The file that was earlier retrieved was named “readme.png”; this PNG file has one of the malicious modules embedded in it. It then executes GetNumberOfMethods and save... | ['T1564.001'] |
UNC2465 used phishing emails and legitimate services to deliver the SMOKEDHAM backdoor. SMOKEDHAM is a .NET backdoor that supports keylogging, taking screenshots, and executing arbitrary .NET commands. During one incident, the threat actor appeared to establish a line of communication with the victim before sending a m... | ['T1204.001', 'T1598.003'] |
Xbash is data-destructive; destroying Linux-based databases as part of its ransomware capabilities. We can also find NO functionality within Xbash that would enable restoration after the ransom is paid | ['T1485'] |
The CoinTicker app also creates a user launch agent, named .espl.plist, that runs the same command periodically | ['T1543.001'] |
This specific key is set to point towards the path of the previously copied Cardinal RAT executable path. The executable will periodically query this registry key to ensure it is set appropriately. If the executable finds the registry key has been deleted, it will re-set it. The Load registry key acts as a persistence ... | ['T1547.001'] |
The 'ssonsvr.exe' file is a legitimate Citrix executable that will be used to sideload the malicious ‘pnipcn.dll’ file | ['T1574.002'] |
1) Writes itself to %AppData%\Microsoft\Word\log.ps1 2) Sets up persistence for this file, using a run key. 6) Removes all registry entries that are left behind during the dropper process | ['T1070.004'] |
The process identifiers or PIDs to be hidden are stored in the shared memory "Global\<computer_name>." If the shared memory doesn't exist, it takes the PID embedded by the first-stage shellcode. In this case, the intention of the malicious code is to hide Waterbear’s backdoor activities from the security product.... | ['T1055.003'] |
Analysis of the F.bmp image revealed that it is indeed using Least Significant Bit (LSB) Steganography [9,10], a commonly used form of steganography that embeds data in an image without significantly affecting its appearance | ['T1001.002'] |
Smoke Loader not only installs its original sample but also replaces it with a fresh version, which is downloaded from the C&C – path: http://<CnC address>/system32.exe. This trick makes detection more difficult – updated samples are repacked by a different crypter, may also have their set of C&Cs changed | ['T1105'] |
The MainConnectionIo function checks if the Windows Firewall is enabled, sets the Tcp Keep Alive value and Non-blocking mode connection options and receives data from the remote host through the ReceiveCommandData function. If the communication fails, ZxShell disables the firewall by modifying the registry key | ['T1562.004'] |
Payloads are now hosted on compromised websites. The payloads hosted on these websites consist of seemingly benign BMP image files. The malicious macros download the images and the ObliqueRAT payload is extracted to disk. The ObliqueRAT payload is renamed with the .pif file extension | ['T1027.003'] |
Since version 0.4.1 Creates a new Primary Refresh Token (PRT) as JWT to be used to sign-in as the user | ['T1606.002'] |
PowerShower, named and previously disclosed by Palo Alto Networks in their blogspot (see above), is a malicious piece of PowerShell designed to receive PowerShell and VBS modules to execute on the local computer. This malware has been used since October 2018 by Cloud Atlas as a validator and now as a second stage. The ... | ['T1041'] |
Also, the postinstall script moves the .CrashReporter program to a new location /Library/JMTTrader/CrashReporter and makes it executable. Because the LaunchDaemon will not run automatically after the plist file is moved, the postinstall script launches CrashReporter with the Maintain parameter and runs it in the backgr... | ['T1059.004'] |
The HTTP request retrieves contents of the files present in the repository with an interesting validation which checks that the retrieved file is a PNG. The file that was earlier retrieved was named “readme.png”; this PNG file has one of the malicious modules embedded in it. It then executes GetNumberOfMethods and save... | ['T1102.002'] |
The bot attempts to create a MUTEX using the value of variable “VL” to ensure that only one instance of the bot is running. The bot will proceed to create a copy of itself as %TEMP%/svchost.exe, execute that file, and terminate itself. The newly executed copy will create an autostart registry key to ensure persistence ... | ['T1547.001'] |
We will discuss the Spark backdoor’s functionality in detail later in this blog, but this specific sample has the following configuration | ['T1027.002'] |
The first module downloaded by the GRIFFON malware to the victim’s computer is an information-gathering JScript, which allows the cybercriminals to understand the context of the infected workstation. This module mainly relies on WMI and Windows objects to deliver results, which will be sent back to the operators | ['T1124', 'T1082', 'T1069.002'] |
Embedded Downloader Trojan The M payload (referenced previously along with the R payload, above) injected and executed within the memory space of the other process is a downloader Trojan. This specific downloader appears to have been created using a VB2Exe tool, as the functional code that carries out the downloading f... | ['T1059.003', 'T1059.001'] |
The script “enu.cmd” created an administrator account, disabled the host-based firewall, and globally opened port 3389 for Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) access. The script then attempted to add the newly created account to the administrators group to gain elevated privileges. This script contained hard-coded values for... | ['T1562.004', 'T1098'] |
As we can see, the flow is obfuscated. But in Pony this technique is used in more sophisticated way because there are some junk instructions added between the PUSH and the RET in addition to a never executed bogus conditional jump | ['T1027'] |
Screenshot: takes system screenshots and saves them to %AppData% before sending them to the C2 via a POST request | ['T1113'] |
If nothing like that is detected, the malware will decrypt the third stage and execute it by using the process hollowing technique, commonly used by malware authors. In this version, the payloads are encrypted with the same XOR-based algorithm as the one used in previous versions, however in this latest version, the pa... | ['T1027', 'T1497.001'] |
As mentioned in the table above, version 3 has two forms - one is an independent executable, and the other is a loader that loads a DLL from the resources section and executes it. Even before doing any static / dynamic analysis, we can use VirusTotal to determine that the resources section probably contains more data, ... | ['T1055.001'] |
As noted, there are two distinct variants of ServHelper: a “tunnel” variant and a “downloader” variant. The “downloader” variant is stripped of the tunneling and hijacking functionality and is used as a basic downloader | ['T1021.001'] |
BoomBox proceeds to upload the data above (masquerading as a PDF file) to a dedicated-per-victim-system folder in Dropbox. For demonstration purposes, an example HTTP(s) POST request used to upload the file/data to Dropbox is included below | ['T1567.002'] |
Exfiltration over control server channel: data is exfiltrated over the control server channel using a custom protocol - Commonly used port: the attackers used common ports such as port 443 for control server communications - Service execution: registers the implant as a service on the victim’s machine - Automated colle... | ['T1124', 'T1119', 'T1041'] |
The backdoor also collects some rudimentary information about the compromised computer including some basic network adapter information, system version information, and language settings | ['T1016', 'T1082'] |
The exact date when the malware was compiled is unknown – the recent wrapper DLL samples were tampered with by the malware authors, with the PE timestamps manually set to zero values. However, during our research, we found an earlier version of the malware with a PE timestamp reading Oct 13, 2013, so the compilation da... | ['T1070.006'] |
PowerShell Cobalt Strike Beacon - New payload + new C2 domain - PowerShell Obfuscator - All the new PowerShell payloads are obfuscated using a publicly available script adapted from a Daniel Bohannon’s GitHub project. Using this tool, the attackers could overcome a password reset. Customized Windows Credentials Dumper ... | ['T1003.001'] |
Any other command that doesn’t fit the above patterns will be forwarded and processed as an argument to ‘cmd.exe /c’ and run via the ‘ShellExecuteW’ API. Additionally, each beacon is accompanied with a screenshot that is initially saved as ‘scr.jpg’ in the public directory and subsequently issued to the C2 using the sa... | ['T1106'] |
The malware uses the AMAP SDK to get accurate location of infected devices by GPS, mobile network (such as base stations), WiFi and other information. MobileOrder acts on instructions provided by its C2 server, which it communicates with over TCP port 3728. All C2 communications are encrypted with the AES algorithm usi... | ['T1082'] |
In order to avoid in-memory scanning during runtime, the payload encrypts all of the function blocks before executing the actual malicious routine. Afterwards, whenever it needs to use a function, it will decrypt the function, execute it, and encrypt the function back again, as can be seen in Figure 4. If a function wi... | ['T1027.005'] |
The malware can also download and execute additional components served to it by the control server. The mechanism for downloading additional components is based on the Computer Name and UserName of the endpoint provided by the malware process to the control server in the following HTTP GET request | ['T1033'] |
Note that the heading of the message box is ‘ASKOD’, a reference to the Ukrainian electronic document management system. This initiative is meant to enforce electronic digital signatures through the use of cryptographic keys like the Алмаз-1К (transliterated as ‘Almaz-1K’ or translated to ‘Diamond-1K’) shown below | ['T1036'] |
It then executes a new instance of itself in a new process. Also, it will remove the original file via the following command that is executed in a batch script named 'date.bat | ['T1059.003', 'T1059.003'] |
The last one is used by this setup, and in this mode the ransomware encrypts the files on all available mapped network drives | ['T1486', 'T1564.006'] |
The library used to hide Winnti’s system activity is a copy of the open-source userland rootkit Azazel¹⁰, with minor changes. When executed, it will register symbols for multiple commonly used functions, including: open(), rmdir(), and unlink(), and modify their returns to hide the malware’s operations | ['T1014'] |
The arp.exe command is used to display and modify entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache. Adversaries may attempt to use the command to discover remote systems they could compromise | ['T1018'] |
We refer to these attacks as MuddyWater due to the confusion in attributing these attacks. Although the activity was previously linked by others to the FIN7 threat actor group, our research suggests the activity is in fact espionage related and unlikely to be FIN7 related. The MuddyWater attacks are primarily against M... | ['T1027', 'T1027'] |
FlawedGrace creates, encrypts, and stores a configuration file containing the C&C IPs and ports in a “<hex digits>.dat” file (e.g. C:\ProgramData\21851a60.dat”). The first 16 bytes of the file are an AES initialization vector (IV). The rest of the data is AES-encrypted in CBC mode | ['T1027'] |
Capable of stealing documents sent to the printer queue. Steals written CD images. Capable of stealing files previously seen on removable drives once they are available again. Steals Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, FireFox and RealNetworks cookies | ['T1539'] |
Once the threat actor mapped the network and obtained credentials (through net use), they began to move laterally. The threat actor relied on WMI and PsExec to move laterally and install their tools across multiple assets | ['T1047'] |
In March 2016, a financially motivated threat actor launched several tailored spear phishing campaigns primarily targeting the retail, restaurant, and hospitality industries. The emails contained variations of Microsoft Word documents with embedded macros that, when enabled, downloaded and executed a malicious download... | ['T1566.001'] |
Our dynamic analysis showed Lokibot’s behavior, including the benefits and drawbacks of several unpacking methods. Lokibot also used an infected system machine global unique identifier (GUID) value to generate a mutex (an MD5 hash) that acted as a flag to prevent itself from infecting the same machine again. The subjec... | ['T1555'] |
Then it uses a net use command to connect to the network drive. It then checks, in a loop, as shown in Figure 12, if a command is available. This backdoor can only execute additional PowerShell scripts. It writes the command results in another OneDrive subfolder and encrypts it with the XOR key 0xAA | ['T1059.001'] |
During one investigation, APT32 was observed using a privilege escalation exploit (CVE-2016-7255) masquerading as a Windows hotfix. In another investigation, APT32 compromised the McAfee ePO infrastructure to distribute their malware as a software deployment task in which all systems pulled the payload from the ePO ser... | ['T1072'] |
Through the use of this platform, the operator was able to monitor and manage various compromised email accounts simultaneously | ['T1586.002'] |
As seen in Figure 7, this .NET executable uses a GitHub repository to obtain and execute a downloader. This repository is now gone, but we were able to download a copy of it while it was still available | ['T1102'] |
Along with the change to using a DLL, Qbot also changed where it stores configuration information on the infected host. Earlier versions of Qbot stored this data within a DAT file in the same randomly named folder as the malicious binary. As of late 2020, this data is now stored in the registry, under a randomly named ... | ['T1112'] |
Mandiant has created a task force & initiated a Global Event to track the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Department of State, hosted on a page made to look like another Department of State Public Affairs official's personal drive, and used a legitimate Department of State form as a decoy. There are several similariti... | ['T1059.001'] |
The Emissary configuration is now encrypted using a custom algorithm that uses the "srand" function to seed the "rand" function using a value of 2563. This seed value causes the "rand" function to generate the same values each time, which Emissary will use as a key along with the XOR operation. The configuration now co... | ['T1027'] |
Actors behind Agent Tesla campaigns have also used malicious Office documents to facilitate first-stage delivery. Specially-crafted documents, exploiting Office vulnerabilities such as CVE-2017-11882 and CVE-2017-8570, have been leveraged, even in present day campaigns. These and similar exploits allow for quick delive... | ['T1203'] |
The following information is gathered from the endpoint, stored in the file 1.hwp, and sent to the control server | ['T1074.001'] |
Using previously stolen credentials the attacker logged into a domain controller and copied tools into the %TEMP% directory. Copied tools included AdFind.exe (Active Directory enumeration utility), a batch script (Figure 2), and a copy of the 7-Zip archive utility. Downloaded utilities were copied to C:\Windows\SysWOW6... | ['T1018'] |
Summary In the past few months, Unit 42 has observed the Patchwork group, alternatively known as Dropping Elephant and Monsoon, conducting campaigns against targets located in the Indian subcontinent. Patchwork threat actors utilized a pair of EPS exploits rolled into legitimate, albeit malicious, documents in order to... | ['T1203'] |
1) Brute-force using a pre-defined list of usernames and passwords in an attempt to login to Admin panels | ['T1110.001'] |
Sakula obfuscates many of its strings using single-byte XOR obfuscation. Samples with a 2012 compile timestamp use a key value of either 0x88 or 0x56. Samples compiled in 2013 and 2014 use a key value of 0x56, while the lone 2015 sample uses 0x57 | ['T1027'] |
We euphemistically refer to the bit fiddling function in the interest of brevity. Looking through it, we see calls to Windows APIs to acquire a cryptographic context provider and generate random bytes. It’s likely this is being used for an inlined crypto implementation and byte overwriting, but the mechanism isn’t enti... | ['T1106'] |
A base working directory will contain the files/folders related to Carbon. This directory is chosen randomly among the folders in %ProgramFiles% but excluding “WindowsApps | ['T1074.001'] |
Kimsuky employs a wide variety of malware such as Gold Dragon, Babyshark, Appleseed, etc. The module meant for exfiltrating files from the endpoint uses a distinct filepath list specified by the threat actors.Organizations must remain vigilant against motivated adversaries that conduct targeted attacks | ['T1583.006'] |
Daserf — This backdoor has the functionality of a remote shell and can be used to execute commands, upload and download data, capture screenshots, and log keystrokes. As of this publication, BRONZE BUTLER demonstrates a preference for concurrently using Datper and xxmm in its operations. Source: Secureworks) - xxmm dow... | ['T1105'] |
The goal of targeting some victims appears to be to obtain data. How this data is obtained likely differs per victim, but we observed the usage of several custom DLL files used to continuously retrieve data from memory of systems where such data is typically processed | ['T1119'] |
SUNSPOT was identified on disk with a filename of taskhostsvc.exe (SHA256 Hash: c45c9bda8db1d470f1fd0dcc346dc449839eb5ce9a948c70369230af0b3ef168), and internally named taskhostw.exe by its developers. It was likely built on 2020-02-20 11:40:02, according to the build timestamp found in the binary, which is consistent w... | ['T1036.005', 'T1053.005'] |
The downloaded file named install_flash_player.exe needs to be manually launched by the victim. To operate correctly, it needs elevated administrative privileges which it attempts to obtain using the standard UAC prompt. If started, it will save the malicious DLL as C:Windowsinfpub.dat and launch it using rundll32 | ['T1218.011'] |
The data is encrypted using a series of XOR and addition operations, followed by decompression using the ZLIB library | ['T1573.001'] |
If the user account doesn’t have local administrative or domain administrative permissions, the adversary attempts to discover which local or domain admin accounts exist, and exfiltrates the admin’s usernames. To identify if privileged users are active on remote servers, the adversary makes use of PsLogList from Micros... | ['T1087.002'] |
The macro prepends the string -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- to the beginning of the base64 encoded payload and appends -----END CERTIFICATE----- to the end of the data. The macro then writes this data to a text file in the C:\Programdata folder using a random filename with the .txt extension. The macro then uses the comm... | ['T1140'] |
The first thing this malware does is it copies itself to the startup directory for persistence | ['T1547.001'] |
In this blog post, we provide an in-depth analysis of Linux/Ebury. It is a sophisticated backdoor used to steal OpenSSH credentials and maintain access to a compromised server. According to previous reports, this backdoor has been in the wild for at least two years. Linux/Ebury comes in two different shapes: a maliciou... | ['T1554'] |
Our latest Transparent Tribe research confirms that the group continues to create malicious domains mimicking defense-related entities as a core component of their operations. The victim is encouraged to click on an embedded URL hosted on sharingmymedia[.]com, which then downloads ObliqueRAT, the trojan discovered by T... | ['T1608.004'] |
It uses the string 5cd8f17f4086744065eb0992a09e05a2 as its mutex as well as its registry hive in the affected machine. It uses the value tcpClient_0 as its HTTP server, where it will receive all stolen information from the infected machine. However, since the value was set to null, all stolen information will be sent t... | ['T1041'] |
The recording of audio data from the internal microphone is also rather new. Of course, other malware exists which can record audio, but key here is Flame’s completeness – the ability to steal data in so many different ways | ['T1123'] |
PipeMon’s first stage consists of a password-protected RARSFX executable embedded in the .rsrc section of its launcher. Once written to disk, the RARSFX is executed with CreateProcess by providing the decryption password in an argument, as follows | ['T1106'] |
Finally, after the initial beaconing, receiving a configuration, and exfiltrating stolen information from the infected machine, AZORult may download the next payload. For example, in the campaign described at the beginning of this post, AZORult downloads Hermes 2.1 ransomware after it exfiltrates the victim’s data and ... | ['T1105'] |
While FIN7 has embedded VBE as OLE objects for over a year, they continue to update their script launching mechanisms. In the current lures, both the malicious DOCX and RTF attempt to convince the user to double-click on the image in the document, as seen in Figure 1. This spawns the hidden embedded malicious LNK file ... | ['T1497.002'] |
The Bazar Loader malware was using a code signing certificate signed by Digicert under the organization NOSOV SP Z O O | ['T1588.003'] |
The sample checks that the machine is domain joined and retrieves the domain name before execution continues. A userID is generated by computing the MD5 of a network interface MAC address that is up and not a loopback device, the domain name, and the registry value HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography\Mac... | ['T1016'] |
The worm also includes code to scan for open Docker API’s using masscan, then spin up docker images and install itself | ['T1046'] |
The campaigns use a TrickBot downloader that is signed and uses an icon to pretend it is a Microsoft Word document. To avoid suspicion, the decoy message suggests the user should update Microsoft Word or open the file from another computer | ['T1036'] |
Sakula also leverages single-byte XOR encoding to obfuscate various strings and files embedded in the resource section, which are subsequently used for User Account Control (UAC) bypass on both 32 and 64-bit systems. Analysis . CTU researchers performed detailed analysis on 346 Sakula samples, including the installer a... | ['T1059.003'] |
The initial attack did not produce the desired result; The attackers made a second attempt, with a ransomware payload named license.exe, launched from the same location. But before they launched it, they executed a script that disabled Windows Defender’s Real-Time Monitoring feature | ['T1562.001'] |
The data found within this file is encrypted using a single-byte xor key of 0x41. The file header structure, with the underlying data still encrypted, can be seen below | ['T1560.003'] |
Since version 0.2.6 This function creates a Kerberos ticket with given user details and server (usually AZUREADSSOACC) password. Uses only user’s SID and server password | ['T1558.002'] |
The NtdsAudit utility is an auditing tool for Active Directory databases. It allows the user to collect useful statistics related to accounts and passwords. The utility was found on various systems of a victim and matches the NtdsAudit.exe program file version v2.0.5 published on the GitHub project page | ['T1201'] |
In addition to plainpwd and CredRaptor the toolkit includes a keylogger. The keylogger uses a standard technique to capture keystrokes, specifically the SetWindowsHookEx function | ['T1056.001'] |
After the anti-analysis checks are complete, the loader starts preparing the infected environment for the downloading of additional payloads. There are 3 download attempts (and thus 3 GET requests trailing by a different numeric ID), the payloads are downloaded subsequently to the user’s %temp% folder | ['T1071.001'] |
In 2018, CTU researchers observed several GOLD KINGSWOOD campaigns involving SpicyOmelette, a tool used by the group during initial exploitation of an organization. This sophisticated JavaScript remote access tool is generally delivered via phishing, and it uses multiple defense evasion techniques to hinder prevention ... | ['T1566.002'] |
Putty – can be leveraged by attackers for remote access, to exfiltrate data and send it back to attackers - PSExec – is a legitimate Microsoft tool that can be exploited by malicious actors and used for lateral movement across victim networks - SNScan – this tool can be used for network reconnaissance, to find other po... | ['T1046'] |
In order to execute the additional modules, the malware uses the process hollowing technique for hiding the malicious payload inside an allowlisted process, such as svchost.exe. The payloads are stored encrypted in the filesystem and decrypted in the memory as they are executed | ['T1055.012'] |
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