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Then, it reads the dropped file with the .db3 extension, which contains position-independent code, and uses CreateThread to execute its content | ['T1574.002'] |
The developers refer to this tool by the name Kazuar, which is a Trojan written using the Microsoft .NET Framework that offers actors complete access to compromised systems targeted by its operator. Kazuar includes a highly functional command set, which includes the ability to remotely load additional plugins to increa... | ['T1105'] |
Winnti malware handles outbound communications using multiple protocols including: ICMP, HTTP, as well as custom TCP and UDP protocols. Use of these protocols is thoroughly documented in the Novetta and Kaspersky reports | ['T1071.001', 'T1095'] |
Proxysvc appears to be a downloader whose primary capability is to deliver additional payloads to the endpoint without divulging the control address of the attackers. This implant is a service DLL that can also run as a standalone process | ['T1569.002'] |
DEATHRANSOM, HELLOKITTY, and FIVEHANDS use the same code to delete volume shadow copies via WMI by performing the query select * from Win32_ShadowCopy and then deleting each instance returned by its id | ['T1047', 'T1490', 'T1490', 'T1490', 'T1047', 'T1047'] |
In the cases where Sakula does not use a registry key for persistence, it attempts to set itself up as a service (see Table 2). It invokes itself by calling WinExec with the "net start %s" argument (without quotes), where "%s" is the service name | ['T1543.003'] |
The threat actor launched a series of reconnaissance commands to try to obtain and enumerate information about the compromised machine, network architecture, users, and active directory enumeration | ['T1049'] |
FireEye Research Labs, the intelligence behind our Mandiant Consultancy services, identified a new Internet Explorer (IE) zero-day exploit used in targeted attacks. The vulnerability affects IE6 through IE11, but the attack is targeting IE9 through IE11. Microsoft has assigned CVE-2014-1776 to the vulnerability and rel... | ['T1203'] |
In this wave of attacks, Emotet trojan spreads by emails that lure victims into downloading a Christmas-themed Word document, which contains a macro that executes a PowerShell script to download a malicious payload | ['T1059.001'] |
One of the file path name combinations observed was ‘C:\ProgramData\Dacr\macrse.exe’, also configured in a Crimson “Main Client” sample and used for saving the payload received from the C2 when invoking the usbwrm command | ['T1105'] |
In this case, we can see the binary installation path and local reconnaissance to determine which flavor of Linux the malware is running. This is followed by a number of Linux shell command style commands related to the malware establishing persistence | ['T1082'] |
Command Number – a running index number to keep track of executed commands. If set to any number other than -1, the backdoor should proceed to execute the command, according to the Command ID. Command ID – can be one of the following commands: 101 – Shell Command: execute the Shell command attached in the {Arg1} argume... | ['T1059.003'] |
Also, on some infected computers we found a tool called the Winexesvc tool. The main difference is that the Winexesvc tool enables the execution of remote commands from Linux-based operating system. When the Linux binary “winexe” is run against a Windows server, the winexesvc.exe executable is created and installed as ... | ['T1569.002'] |
CertPKIProvider.dll, tracked by Microsoft as “VaporRage” can best be described as a shellcode downloader. This version of VaporRage contains 11 export functions including eglGetConfigs, which houses the malicious functionality of the DLL | ['T1105'] |
On other websites, different cloud storage solutions such as Amazon S3 or Google Drive were used to host Windows, OSX, and Android malware payloads | ['T1583.006', 'T1102', 'T1608.001'] |
Conclusion The DarkHydrus group carried out an attack campaign on at least one government agency in the Middle East using malicious .iqy files. The .iqy files take advantage of Excel's willingness to download and include the contents from a remote server in a spreadsheet. DarkHydrus leveraged this obscure file format t... | ['T1059.001'] |
Spear phishing, including the use of probably compromised email accounts. Lure documents using CVE-2017-11882 to drop malware. Stolen code signing certificates used to sign malware. Use of bitsadmin.exe to download additional tools. Use of PowerShell to download additional tools. Using C:\Windows\Debug and C:\Perflogs ... | ['T1547.001', 'T1547.009'] |
After collecting the data in a central directory, the attackers then used either a renamed rar.exe or 7z.exe to archive the files. NICKEL also frequently used keyboard walks as a password for their archived data collections. The following are examples of RAR archiving for exfiltration | ['T1560.001'] |
Distributing the ransomware using spear-phishing and weaponized documents - Bat-files downloading payloads from Pastebin and inject them into a process on the operating system - Compromising RDP and usage of script files and password cracking tools to distribute over the victim’s network - Compromise of Managed Service... | ['T1055'] |
Perhaps the most interesting part here is the unusual command and control mechanism based on TCP/UDP packets, as well as the C&C hostname which fits previously known Turla activity | ['T1095'] |
The button would then lead to the download a RAR archive named Adobe_Flash_Install.rar. This archive was designed to fool the targeted user into infected themselves with a Cobalt Strike implant. Details on the contents of this file are included later in this report | ['T1204.001'] |
Oddly, the crooks decided to use a local web server exposed to the Internet via the free ngrok service—a reverse proxy software that creates secure tunnels—to collect the stolen data | ['T1572'] |
The recipient clicked the link and proceeded to download and open a malicious HTML executable file, which in turn loaded content from a C&C server via an embedded iframe. At the same time, code embedded within this file also executed a PowerShell command to download and execute a copy of chfeeds.vbe from the C&... | ['T1059.001'] |
In between then and now there has been a lot of rumour and debate about all aspects of this attack with many truths and mistruths being carried in public. In this attack a PDF file was used to exploit the Adobe Acrobat, Reader, and Flash Player Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2009-1862/BID35759). This PDF inst... | ['T1070.001'] |
It runs the ipconfig command to gather information about the machine's network adapter configuration. It sends an HTTP POST request to the URL: hxxp://zeplin.atwebpages.com/inter.php and exfiltrates the ipconfig output gathered from the machine | ['T1016'] |
We identified a MacOS backdoor (detected by Trend Micro as OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D) that we believe is the latest version of a threat used by OceanLotus (a.k.a. The attackers behind OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D target MacOS computers which have the Perl programming language installed | ['T1082'] |
The use of large size files to avoid detection by security solutions with hardcoded size limits for ‘efficiency’. - A fishing-with-dynamite approach to collecting initial access to victims with low-cost tooling | ['T1027.001'] |
In their example, the OilRig group used a malicious macro document to deliver the backdoor, which is a tactic much more commonly used by them. A closer examination revealed the obfuscation used by the OilRig group in these QUADAGENT samples were likely the result of using an open-source toolkit called Invoke-Obfuscatio... | ['T1027'] |
The initial infection occurs via a weaponized Microsoft Excel (XLS) document delivered via compromised legitimate websites for which the URLs are most likely shared via email. The documents use Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) Macro code which, if enabled by the victim, starts an installation process consisting of m... | ['T1204.001', 'T1059.005'] |
Aria-body starts with gathering data on the victim’s machine, including: Host-name, computer-name, username, domain name, windows version, processor ~MHz, MachineGuid, 64bit or not, and public IP (using checkip.amazonaws.com | ['T1016', 'T1082'] |
yty”, the name we use for the framework, from the PDB path string. A “bot id” consisting of computer name, user name, and volume serial number separated by dashes | ['T1082'] |
Once Shellex is called, it first passes each of the items in the config buffer to their own strings. Next, it creates a mutex using the filename and checks to see if the Service key for the service name exists. If so, it opens it using service manager. If not, it first saves a copy of itself to %Program Files (x86)%/DI... | ['T1012', 'T1569.002'] |
The wiper could be configured to use a file to overwrite the files on the disk using the ‘F’ configuration flag, as we saw images used to overwrite files in previous Shamoon attacks. This file would be stored in a resource named ‘GRANT’, but this particular wiper is not configured to use a file for overwriting so the G... | ['T1561.002'] |
This single hack of Volusion allows them to receive credit card data from 3,126 online shops. From the previous skimming attack on the British Airways and Newegg websites, we know that Group 6 tried to register the domains of the exfiltration server to be similar to the victims’ domains. In this case, the domain of the... | ['T1048.003'] |
The string is visible within the unpacked Karagany binary and is not itself encrypted. Once the payload has been AES-encrypted, it is prepended with the IV value and Base64-encoded for transmission. Figures 4 and 5 show an example decode and decryption based on sinkhole data obtained by CTU researchers of a Karagany be... | ['T1027'] |
After setting up persistent access, the payload checks to see if a value exists within a registry key in the HKCU hive whose name is the same as the scheduled task (ex. This registry key is empty upon the first execution of the payload. This exception invokes the exception handler containing the HTTP communication code... | ['T1070.004'] |
If none of the C2 servers respond and the end of the configured hosts list is reached, the modulo operation returns zero, thus host_index is equal to zero and the backdoor waits for the number of milliseconds stored in the <TimeLong> registry key. In our case, this was set to one minute. Then, it starts again and... | ['T1029'] |
In the instances we have observed, the threat actor sent spear-phishing emails, luring the victims to open a malicious Microsoft Excel/Word document. The Word droppers were using standard VBA macros to download the payload. The actor tailored the decoy contents to the targeted victims, using logos and themes relevant t... | ['T1082', 'T1566.001'] |
m": mode: net or local. local - encrypt local drives only and ignore network shares. h": path to a file that contains specific hosts (names and IPs) to enumerate for shares. s": IP address that the initial register message will be sent to | ['T1016'] |
FIN7 developed evasive techniques at a rapid pace. Throughout 2017, FIN7 was observed creating novel obfuscation methods, and in some cases modifying the methods on a daily basis while launching attacks targeting multiple victims. Their development of a payload obfuscation style using the Windows command interpreter's ... | ['T1059.003'] |
The kill_unwanted function gets a list of running processes, compares each process with a encrypted list of “unwanted” programs. With our aforementioned breakpoint on the ei_str function, we can dump the decrypted strings, to ascertain the value of the “unwanted” programs | ['T1057', 'T1562.001', 'T1518.001'] |
Charming Kitten has taken full advantage of this timing to execute its new campaign to maximum effect. Details Of The Attacks . Our examination of the acquired samples shows hackers generally use two main methods of “Sending Fake SMS” and “Sending Fake Emails” to execute their attacks. They send confirmation messages s... | ['T1566.002'] |
The payload is a 32-bit executable file that is used to encrypt files on the victim’s system to extort a ransom | ['T1083'] |
SpeakUp’s persistence is ensured by using cron and an internal mutex to ensure only one instance remains alive at all times | ['T1053.003'] |
In January, we saw a variant of the disk-wiping KillDisk malware hitting several financial institutions in Latin America. Last May, we uncovered a master boot record (MBR)-wiping malware in the same region | ['T1561.002'] |
To make detection and analysis harder, QakBot encrypts its strings and decrypts them at runtime before use. Once the QakBot execution logic is finished using a string, it will immediately delete the string from memory. An example of this can be seen in Figure 6 below, which shows QakBot decrypting a string containing t... | ['T1106'] |
The SombRAT loader recovered in this incident was a 64-bit variant that allowed the malicious actor to remotely download and load executable dynamic-link libraries (DLL) plugins on the affected system (Ingress Tool Transfer [T1105]). The loader used hardcoded public RSA keys for command and control (C2) sessions (Comma... | ['T1027'] |
They routinely used standard tools that would mimic legitimate administrator activities. They relied on encrypted SSH-based tunnels to transfer tools and for remote command/program execution. They routinely deleted dropped attack tools, execution logs, files staged for exfiltration, and other files after they were fini... | ['T1021.004'] |
Consistent with the perceived goal of credential harvesting, the threat actors dropped and executed open source and free tools such as Hydra, SecretsDump, and CrackMapExec. Forensic analysis indicates that many of these tools were executed during the timeframe in which the actor was accessing the system | ['T1110.002'] |
The files are extracted to a newly created folder with a randomized name under the same path, and the zip file is then deleted. The “AJWrDz.exe” executable path is written to the registry Run key “HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run” to achieve persistency | ['T1547.001'] |
KillDisk’s infection chain . How is it dropped in the system. This KillDisk variant looks like it is intentionally dropped by another process/attacker. The new KillDisk variant’s parameter to shut down the affected machine . KillDisk also has a self-destruct process, although it isn’t really deleting itself. Code snipp... | ['T1134'] |
Bisonal used multiple lure documents to entice their victims to open and then be infected with Bisonal malware. Finally, in 2018, Ahnlab released a paper about "Operation Bitter Biscuit" where Bisonal was used against Korean and Japanese entities. This is an application document that has been used to provide a decoy to... | ['T1082'] |
NetPass.exe: a legitimate utility developed by NirSoft that recovers all network passwords stored on a system for the current logged-on user. This tool can also recover passwords stored in the credentials file of external drives. WebBrowserPassView: a password recovery tool that captures passwords stored by Internet Ex... | ['T1552.001'] |
The shellcode invokes PowerShell to issue a HTTP GET request for a random four (4) character URI on the root of autodiscovery[.]2bunny[.]com. The requests contain minimal HTTP headers since the PowerShell command is executed with mostly default parameters. Figure 5 depicts an HTTP GET request generated by the payload, ... | ['T1071.001'] |
The biggest change is the network communication with the C2 server. The malware does not use a raw socket anymore but all the communications are performed with WinInet. The malware performs connection to the C2 server by using InternetOpenA() with an hardcoded User-Agent: "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT ... | ['T1095'] |
We have seen Grandoreiro use DGA functions to generate a connection to a Google Sites page storing C2 information | ['T1102.001'] |
When the .lnk file is initialized, it spawns a CMD process. This process executes a command to maliciously use the legitimate wmic.exe to initialize an XSL Script Processing (MITRE Technique T1220) attack. The attack executes embedded JScript or VBScript in an XSL stylesheet located on a remote domain (qnccmvbrh.wilsto... | ['T1059.003'] |
Due to its complex infection process that relies in part on registry updates with malware code, Valak can easily infect an unprotected Windows host. With ADS used to hide follow-up malware from a Valak infection, the risk is greatly increased | ['T1012'] |
SchTasks.exe performs operations similar to those in Scheduled Tasks in Control Panel. You can use either tool to create, delete, configure, or display scheduled tasks. The user must be a member of the Administrators group on the computer that the command affects. To verify that a scheduled task ran or to find out why ... | ['T1053.005'] |
The OilRig group remains highly active in their attack campaigns while they continue to evolve their toolset. On January 8, 2018, Unit 42 observed the OilRig threat group carry out an attack on an insurance agency based in the Middle East. The January 8 attack used a variant of the ThreeDollars delivery document, which... | ['T1566.002'] |
SMOKEDHAM created a persistence mechanism for NGROK by adding VirtualHost.vbs to the WindNT value under the current users Run registry key | ['T1547.001'] |
The third campaign deployed a different custom RPC backdoor to that used in the second campaign. This backdoor used code derived from the publicly available PowerShellRunner tool to execute PowerShell scripts without using powershell.exe. This was probably done to avoid them being written to the file system | ['T1016', 'T1570'] |
Talos has identified two different infection vectors associated with this particular campaign. In order to compromise their victims, the threat actors sent the trojanized Microsoft Word documents, probably via email. The first vector relies on a trojanized document that fetches a remote template and then uses a known e... | ['T1566.001'] |
The usage of VMProtected binaries is another very common TTP that we’ve observed this group leverage in multiple intrusions in order to delay analysis of other tools in their toolkit | ['T1027'] |
This script is meant to delete the Pony Loader after execution (works in a loop, in order to wait for the sample to terminate). The same can be found in Pony 1.9 code | ['T1059.003', 'T1070.004'] |
Recently, a newer version was found in-the-wild, abusing NTFS Alternate Data Streams (ADS) in order to store the content of malicious payloads downloaded during execution. The main vector used by the group is sending malicious files in compressed format, attached to email. File types vary from VBS to LNK; the most rece... | ['T1204.002', 'T1059.005', 'T1564.004'] |
An appetite for stolen code-signing certificates Suckfly has a number of hacktools and malware varieties at its disposal. Figure 1 identifies the malware and tools based on functionality and the number of signed files with unique hashes associated with them | ['T1553.002'] |
In recent weeks, TA551 has changed traffic patterns. 19, 2020, URLs generated by Word macros to retrieve installer binaries followed a noticeable pattern | ['T1105'] |
The attack starts with a malicious XLS attachment, sent in a phishing email, containing an obfuscated macro that downloads a heavily packed second-stage downloader. The second stage fetches the encrypted third-stage, which includes three layered encrypted Lokibot. After a privilege escalation, the third stage deploys L... | ['T1566.001'] |
Naming conventions designed to blend into normal operations (e.g. amsc.exe, msvsvr.dll, alg.exe) - Dropping implants in folders named for legitimate software (e.g | ['T1036.004', 'T1036.005', 'T1036.004'] |
The password-protected ZIP attachments contain a Microsoft Word document with macros to install malware. See Appendix A for examples of these Word documents from June 2020. Prior to April 2020, the most common malware caused by Word documents associated with Shathak/TA551 was Ursnif. Since April 2020, the most common m... | ['T1204.002'] |
The first lateral movement occurred to the domain controller not affected by the use of CVE-2020-1472. An executable was transferred to it via SMB using a domain administrator account | ['T1569.002'] |
It is worth noting at this point that the C2 IP address associated with the cosecman[]com domain appeared to selectively block one of our exit IPs during our research | ['T1016'] |
The tools uploaded to the webshells range from legitimate applications such as cURL to post-exploitation tools such as Mimikatz. We also observed the actors uploading custom backdoors such as HyperBro which is commonly associated with Emissary Panda | ['T1588.002', 'T1027', 'T1046'] |
It is classified by NTT as a variant of the infamous TrickBot malware, which uses DNS tunneling to stealthily communicate with C2 servers. Though this variant was first discovered in October 2019, there is evidence that Anchor_DNS was used as far back as March 2019 | ['T1071.004'] |
Cisco Talos has observed another malware campaign that utilizes malicious Microsoft Office documents (maldocs) to spread the remote access trojan (RAT) ObliqueRAT. This campaign targets organizations in South Asia. ObliqueRAT has been linked to the Transparent Tribe APT group in the past. This campaign hides the Obliqu... | ['T1204.001', 'T1204.002'] |
This is used to maintain access to a Meterpreter session. It is saved to C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\msupdateconf.exe, granting the executable persistence. Another custom executable used to execute PowerShell scripts. The Mosquito JScript backdoor that uses Go... | ['T1102.002'] |
REvil sends the encrypted stat data containing the host profile and malware information to the C2 URL via the HTTP POST method. Detection of the associated network traffic is challenging because REvil uses the HTTPS protocol, which encrypts the network communication. The malware reads the subsequent C2 server response ... | ['T1041'] |
It will then jump to code that decrypts the Lokibot executable using decryption keys from the configuration structure. The first two layers are decrypted using `DecryptionKeyA` and `DecryptionKeyB`, and reverses all the data. After that, the final layer is decrypted using the same decryption method used to decrypt reso... | ['T1055.012'] |
DEATHRANSOM is written in C while the other two families are written in C++. DEATHRANSOM uses a distinct series of do/while loops to enumerate through network resources, logical drives, and directories | ['T1082'] |
Taking advantage of the unprotected open Docker API port, the attackers are able to instantiate an Ubuntu container with the following entry point | ['T1609'] |
1) NetPass.exe is a legitimate utility developed by NirSoft that recovers all network passwords stored on a system for the current logged-on user. This tool can also recover passwords stored in the credentials file of external drives. 3) WebBrowserPassView is a password recovery tool that captures passwords stored by I... | ['T1552.001'] |
Collect information about each disk, including directory and file lists, disk names, total space, and remaining space | ['T1082'] |
For the first time, the ROKRAT sample used during the "North Korean Human Rights" contained a browser credentials stealer. For Chrome and Firefox, the malware queries the sqlite database containing the URL, username and password: Additionally, they support the Microsoft Vault mechanism. Vault was implemented in Windows... | ['T1555.004'] |
This exception invokes the exception handler containing the HTTP communication code, allowing it to run. If either attempt is successful, the C2 server will respond with the session ID and a pre-shared key in cleartext, which it will save to the previously mentioned registry key. The C2 server will provide the pre-shar... | ['T1027'] |
Cobalt Strike appears to be one of BRONZE PRESIDENT's preferred remote access tools. During one intrusion, the threat actors installed it on over 70% of accessible hosts. The group's Cobalt Strike installation typically uses a payload named svchost.exe in an attempt to disguise Cobalt Strike activity as the legitimate ... | ['T1574.002'] |
Let's use the example data 8,54351-1616479009,0 from a beacon sent from the payload to the C2, which it will encode using base64 to OCw1NDM1MS0xNjE2NDc5MDA5LDA=, append the @ symbol and embed within a BMP image. The 8-bits of this base2 representation are then used to set specific bits within the 3-bytes for each pixel | ['T1027.003'] |
After all of the data is gathered, the malware starts communication with the C&C server by periodically sending HTTP POST requests to the following URL on the received domain | ['T1041'] |
CTU researchers observed WCry variants demanding Bitcoin payments equivalent to $300 and $600. The Bitcoin address is provided in the c.wnry configuration file and can vary across samples. If no configuration file is present, the malware uses a hard-coded Bitcoin address. CTU researchers have identified the following B... | ['T1486'] |
The first evidence of its intrusion dated from May 6, 2015 but activity appeared to have begun in earnest on May 12. The attackers appeared to be interested in one division of the ministry that is responsible for relations with the Asia-Pacific region. They attempted to extract all Word documents stored on a file serve... | ['T1039', 'T1083'] |
Talos has discovered an unknown Remote Administration Tool that we believe has been in use for over 3 years. During this time it has managed to avoid scrutiny by the security community. The current version of the malware allows the operator to steal files, keystrokes, perform screenshots, and execute arbitrary code on ... | ['T1082'] |
While historically TA416 has delivered Zip files from cloud hosting providers containing a decoy file, legitimate PE file, a DLL loader, and a PlugX malware configuration DAT file, recent campaigns used a different tactic. Proofpoint researchers noted that the malicious Zip files delivered from DropBox now contain a ru... | ['T1105'] |
uid= and writes a JSS Loader binary to %TEMP%\PaintHelper.exe. JSS Loader, which has both .NET and C++ versions, has multiple capabilities, including the ability to load additional executables, PowerShell (PS) and JavaScript (JS) files | ['T1059.007', 'T1105', 'T1059.001'] |
The actor behind Bisonal is clearly motivated and has an interest in Russian, Korean and Japanese victims. The development of Bisonal has been active for more than a decade. However, specific functions are still used today, many years after the original implementation of the Bional malware. Even if Bisonal could be con... | ['T1140'] |
Figure 5: Registry Activity The script then determines the version of Powershell that is being used on the infected system. This is essentially the WMI equivalent of a registry-based run key from a persistence perspective. The Stage 3 malware is by default set to run 'onidle' after 30 minutes | ['T1012'] |
TA505 briefly distributed the Kegotip information stealer in April 2017. Across two campaigns of several million messages each, the actor used both macro-laden Microsoft Word documents and zipped VBScript attachments to install the Trojan on potential victim PCs. Kegotip is an infostealer (credentials and email address... | ['T1555.003', 'T1552.001'] |
Note: see the appendix for a list of the domains, file names, and malware MD5 hash values used to facilitate this activity | ['T1027.003'] |
Register as a startup program in HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run if it has no privileged (Figure 6). Otherwise, it will register itself as a system service (Figure 7 | ['T1543.003'] |
The two resources that contain commands that ISMInjector uses for persistence are named “Tsk1” and “Tsk2”. The specific commands within each of these resources are within Table 1. At a high level, the“Tsk1” command creates a scheduled task named “ReportHealth” that is meant to run a payload saved to "%localappdata%\srv... | ['T1053.005', 'T1140'] |
Stage2.exe is a downloader for a malicious file corrupter malware. Upon execution, stage2.exe downloads the next-stage malware hosted on a Discord channel, with the download link hardcoded in the downloader. The next-stage malware can best be described as a malicious file corrupter | ['T1105'] |
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