| --- |
| language: |
| - en |
| - nl |
| - pt |
| - es |
| - da |
| - it |
| - fi |
| - zh |
| license: |
| - cc-by-sa-4.0 |
| - gfdl |
| multilinguality: multilingual |
| size_categories: |
| - 10k<n<100K |
| pretty_name: Multilingual USAS Silver Labelled Wikipedia Articles |
| configs: |
| - config_name: da |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/da/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/da/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: nl |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/nl/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/nl/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: fi |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/fi/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/fi/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: it |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/it/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/it/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: pt |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/pt/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/pt/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: es |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/es/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/es/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: zh |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/zh/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/zh/validation/*.parquet" |
| - config_name: en |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: "data/en/train/*.parquet" |
| - split: validation |
| path: "data/en/validation/*.parquet" |
| viewer: true |
| --- |
| |
| # Multilingual USAS Silver Labelled Wikipedia Articles |
|
|
| Silver-labelled Wikipedia article text for training USAS semantic taggers and Multi-Word |
| Expression (MWE) identifiers, covering 8 Wikipedia language sites. The source text comes from the |
| HuggingFace [`HuggingFaceFW/finewiki`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/finewiki) |
| dataset, restricted to articles rated Good (GA) or Featured (FA) — using the article ID list from |
| [ucrelnlp/wikipedia-ga-fa-ids](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ucrelnlp/wikipedia-ga-fa-ids) — and |
| then sentence split and automatically tagged with USAS semantic tags and MWEs using |
| [PyMUSAS](https://ucrel.github.io/pymusas/#rule-based) rule-based taggers. For more information on |
| how the dataset was generated, including the full filtering/processing pipeline, see |
| [https://github.com/UCREL/wikipedia-USAS-processing](https://github.com/UCREL/wikipedia-USAS-processing). |
|
|
|
|
| - **Curated by:** [University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language (UCREL) group](https://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/) at [Lancaster University](https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/) |
| - **Multi-lingual** |
| - **Repository:** [https://github.com/UCREL/wikipedia-USAS-processing](https://github.com/UCREL/wikipedia-USAS-processing) |
|
|
|
|
| ## Uses |
|
|
| It can be used to train USAS semantic taggers and MWE identifiers. |
|
|
| ## Filtering and Processing |
|
|
| Each Wikipedia article goes through the following pipeline before being included in this dataset: |
|
|
| * The article ID and title must match an article rated as Good (GA) or Featured (FA) (taken from |
| [ucrelnlp/wikipedia-ga-fa-ids](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ucrelnlp/wikipedia-ga-fa-ids)). |
| * Articles that are part of a manually curated test set (by URL) are excluded. |
| * Wikipedia family-tree tables, mathematical equations, and other tables are removed from the |
| article text. |
| * Markdown formatting (e.g. headers like `#` but not the header text) is stripped from the article text. |
| * Articles with fewer than 50 tokens, based on a language-specific tokenizer, are removed. |
| * Exact and then MinHash de-duplication is applied. |
| * Remaining articles are sentence split using language-specific spaCy sentence splitters. |
| * Each sentence is tagged with USAS semantic tags and, where the tagger supports it, MWEs, using |
| [PyMUSAS Rule Based language-specific taggers](https://ucrel.github.io/pymusas/#rule-based). |
|
|
| ## Dataset Structure |
|
|
| Each row is a single article, unique per `id`/`page_id` within a language config. The data is |
| split per language into `train` and `validation` subsets (see below). |
|
|
| * `text` - the processed article text. |
| * `id` - unique identifier for the article, e.g. `dawiki/1171348`. |
| * `page_id` - the Wikipedia page ID, e.g. `1171348`. |
| * `title` - the article title. |
| * `url` - the article URL, e.g. `https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_ved_sommer-OL_2024`. |
| * `version` (int|string) - revision/version identifier of the page, as provided by |
| [`HuggingFaceFW/finewiki`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/finewiki), e.g. |
| `1167219203`. |
| * `start_end_sentence_character_indexes` - list of `[start, end]` character offsets for each |
| sentence, e.g. `[[0, 10], [11, 15]]` — the first sentence is `text[0:10]`. |
| * `tokens` - list of a list of tokens, where the inner list is the tokens for a given sentence, |
| e.g. `tokens[0]` contains all tokens in the first sentence. |
| * `tags` - list of a list of a list of USAS tags predicted by the PyMUSAS rule-based tagger. The |
| innermost list holds the most likely USAS tag(s) for a given token, e.g. `tags[0][0]` is the |
| most likely USAS tag(s) for the first token of the first sentence — usually a single tag, but |
| more than one when the token's meaning is a combination of the predicted tags. Some tokens have |
| no USAS tags, as the rule-based tagger cannot make a prediction for every token. |
| * `other_tags` - list of a list of a list of USAS tags, same shape as `tags`, containing every |
| other valid USAS tag for a token that was **not** among its most likely tag(s), e.g. |
| `other_tags[0][0]`. Most tokens have no other tags, in which case the inner list is empty. |
| * `mwes` - list of a list of MWE labels predicted by the PyMUSAS rule-based tagger, relating to |
| the most likely USAS tags. Labels denote, at the sentence level, which tokens form an MWE, e.g. |
| if `mwes[0][0]` and `mwes[0][1]` both contain `1`, the first and second tokens of the first |
| sentence are part of the same MWE. MWEs can be discontinuous but should not overlap. MWE label |
| indexes start at `1` and reset per sentence — MWEs cannot span sentence boundaries. |
|
|
| The data is stored as [zstd](https://github.com/facebook/zstd)-compressed |
| [Parquet](https://parquet.apache.org/) files. |
|
|
| Example of a record (shown as JSON for readability): |
|
|
| ``` JSON |
| { |
| "text": "El Salvador deltog i sommer-OL 2024 i Paris.", |
| "id": "dawiki/1171348", |
| "page_id": 1171348, |
| "title": "El Salvador ved sommer-OL 2024", |
| "url": "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_ved_sommer-OL_2024", |
| "version": 1167219203, |
| "start_end_sentence_character_indexes": [[0, 45]], |
| "tokens": [["El", "Salvador", "deltog", "i", "sommer-OL", "2024", "i", "Paris", "."]], |
| "tags": [[["Z2"], ["Z2"], ["M6"], ["Z5"], ["K5.1"], ["T1.3"], ["Z5"], ["Z2"], ["Z9"]]], |
| "other_tags": [[[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]], |
| "mwes": [[1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]] |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### Train/validation split |
|
|
| Each language's documents are split into `train` and `validation` subsets, written to separate |
| `train`/`validation` subfolders. The validation split is capped at |
| whichever is reached first: a percentage of the language's documents, or a fixed maximum number of |
| documents — this keeps under-resourced languages (some have as few as ~200 articles) at a |
| sensible percentage-based split, while bounding well-resourced languages' validation set to a sane |
| absolute size. The split assignment is deterministic (hashed from each document's page ID), so |
| re-running the pipeline reproduces the same split. |
|
|
| ## Dataset Statistics |
|
|
| The table below shows per language the number of entries/articles that are either Good or Featured (Total), Good, or Featured: |
|
|
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| This dataset contains text from Wikipedia, licensed under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (CC BY-SA 4.0) and also available under [GFDL](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html). See Wikipedia’s licensing and Terms of Use: [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/legal.html](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/legal.html) |
|
|
| We release this data under the same license; [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (CC BY-SA 4.0) and also available under [GFDL](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html). |
|
|
|
|
| ## Dataset Card Authors |
|
|
| * UCREL (ucrel@lancaster.ac.uk) |
| * Andrew Moore / apmoore1 (a.p.moore@lancaster.ac.uk / andrew.p.moore94@gmail.com) |
| * Paul Rayson (p.rayson@lancaster.ac.uk) |
|
|
| ## Dataset Card Contact |
|
|
| * UCREL (ucrel@lancaster.ac.uk) |
| * Andrew Moore / apmoore1 (a.p.moore@lancaster.ac.uk / andrew.p.moore94@gmail.com) |
| * Paul Rayson (p.rayson@lancaster.ac.uk) |
|
|
