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We conclude that Stickler syndrome and Marshall syndrome mutations in COL11A1 cause hearing loss via dominant negative effects upon wild-type fibrillar collagen polypeptides in the extracellular matrices of the cochlea. | Heterozygosity for mutations in the fibrillar collagen gene COL11A1 causes sensorineural hearing loss in patients with Stickler syndrome or Marshall syndrome. Chondrodysplasia (cho) is a functional null allele of Col11a1 that causes lethal chondrodysplasia in cho/cho newborn mice, and osteoarthritis in cho/+ heterozygo... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that these sodium <le>-mediated changes in tissue AII production may be involved in the increased responsiveness of glomerulosa cells to aldosterone secretagogues during sodium restriction. | To determine whether dietary sodium intake modifies the generation of adrenal-produced angiotensins and/or their relative proportions, Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a low (0.02%), normal (0.4%), or high (1.5%) sodium intake for 5 days. The animals were then killed by decapitation at 0900 h, and their adrenal g... | ENTAILMENT |
It was concluded that in LPS <er>-primed macrophages, P2X <le>(7) receptors, not P2X <le>(4) receptors, activated an iPLA(2) and promoted the release of unsaturated fatty acids secondary to the activation of a kinase. | Free fatty acid releases are triggered by PLA2 activation and are substrates for many enzymes such as cyclooxygenases. These reactions are responsible for the production of many prostaglandins implicated in the inflammation yet many purinergic receptors have been implicated in diseases characterised by chronic inflamma... | ENTAILMENT |
It is therefore concluded that, although spermatozoa do not possess detectable nitric oxide synthase activity, low levels of nitric oxide induce human sperm capacitation <er>, and this action likely involves hydrogen peroxide. | The influence of nitric oxide on human sperm hyperactivation and capacitation, as well as its mechanism of action and its possible origin from spermatozoa were studied. Percoll-washed spermatozoa from healthy volunteers were incubated in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented or not with the nitric oxide-releasing agents, diet... | ENTAILMENT |
It is concluded that D-glucosamine causes a reduction in the lactate production, by inhibiting two enzymes of the glycolytic pathway: glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. | 1. The effects of glucosamine concentration on the size of the lactate pool, on the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and on the radioactivity incorporation from [1-14-C] glucosamine into lactate, N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine-6-P were studied using whole bovine retinas. 2. The radioactive lactate, evaluated in relation to... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that in GH4C1 cells, 1,25-(OH <le>)2D3 enhances membrane calcium transport by modulating voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and activating Na <er>+/Ca2+ exchange by mechanisms requiring new protein synthesis. | In GH4C1 rat pituitary cells, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] amplifies the TRH-induced spike phase of increase in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i). In the present report we describe the results of investigations on the mechanisms of action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on Ca2+ homeostasis in these cells. Pretreatment w... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that Tg release from the thyroid is sufficient to elicit THAb synthesis. | Based on the knowledge that diagnostic fine needle biopsy of the thyroid (FNAB) results in a prompt increase in circulating thyroglobulin (Tg); we evaluated whether Tg is indeed the postulated antigen for circulating antibodies against thyroid hormones (THAb). Preliminarily, we verified that FNAB causes the release int... | ENTAILMENT |
From these findings it can be concluded that (a) chloralose-urethane anaesthesia and surgery had a stimulatory effect on renin release but suppressed basal levels of renal renin and angiotensinogen gene expression <er>; (b) acute reduction of RPP for 3 h could stimulate renin gene expression in the renin producing cell... | 1. A study was undertaken to examine the influence of acute renal perfusion pressure (RPP) reduction on renin release, renal renin and angiotensinogen gene expression and the role played by angiotensin II in these responses. 2. In chloralose-urethane anaesthetised rats, reduction of RPP to 60 mmHg for 3 h in vehicle or... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that 7-O-galloyltaxifolin upregulates HO-1 via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. | Quercetin and gallic acid are natural activators of the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates the expression of many cytoprotective enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We developed procedures for the synthesis of monogalloyl esters of quercetin and taxifolin (dihydroquercetin), namely, 3-O-galloylquercetin ... | ENTAILMENT |
Our findings indicate that OA and lipids modulate Akt <er>/PKB signaling early in culture to mediate survival, followed by a switch to a dependence on ERK signaling pathways to maintain viability and induce proliferation after 72 h. We conclude that free fatty acids can support maintenance of liver LSEC cultures in vit... | Primary rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are difficult to maintain in a differentiated state in culture for scientific studies or technological applications. Relatively little is known about molecular regulatory processes that affect LSEC differentiation because of this inability to maintain cellular viabi... | ENTAILMENT |
It is concluded that noradrenaline acts by opening calcium channels in the basolateral membranes of epithelial cells, resulting in an influx of calcium which stimulates ribosomal protein synthesis to produce proteins involved in fluid transport. | The everted-sac technique was used to study the mechanism of action of noradrenaline on fluid absorption by rat jejunum. Noradrenaline (10(-3) M) significantly stimulated fluid absorption and this effect was dependent on the presence of calcium ions in the serosal fluid. Strontium, but not magnesium could substitute fo... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin improved nitric oxide production and partially prevented hypertension development, without preventing remodeling of the left ventricle and aorta in NO-deficient hypertension <er>. | 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have been shown to prevent or reverse hypertrophy of the LV in several models of left ventricular hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether treatment with simvastatin can prevent hypertension, reduction of tissue nitric oxide ... | ENTAILMENT |
It is concluded that thrombin and AGEPC differentially activated phosphoinositide phosphodiesterase (phospholipase C <er>) in rabbit platelets and that the stimulation of the phospholipase C by these two stimuli causes IP3 production via hydrolysis of a common pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. | Despite their physicochemical and mechanistic differences platelet activating factor (or acetylglycerylether phosphorylcholine; AGEPC) and thrombin, both platelet stimulatory agents, induce phosphoinositide turnover in platelets. We therefore investigated the stimulation of the phosphoinositide phosphodiesterase by the... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that a greater concentration of progesterone and indomethacin is required to inhibit oxytocin <er>-induced myometrial contractions in twins compared to singletons in vitro. | We compared the relaxant effect of 2 known tocolytics; indomethacin and atosiban and progesterone, on pregnant human myometrial spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions from singleton and twin pregnancies. All agents exerted a concentration-dependent relaxant effect on myometrial contractions. There was no signifi... | ENTAILMENT |
Meanwhile, the intrinsic death receptor pathway of caspase 9, as well as the common intrinsic and extrinsic downstream target, caspase 3 <er>, was potently activated by the release of cyt c. Together, we conclude that in TRAIL-treated MDR gastric carcinoma cells, cisplatin induces the death receptors DR4 and DR5 throug... | Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) and induces apoptosis in MDR gastric carcinoma cells. In our previous study, cisplatin proved to be a sensitizing agent for TRAIL. To study the synergistic effects of cisplatin and TRAIL, we investigated the mechanism by... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that TNF-alpha neutralization reversed insulin resistance substantially in fast-twitch muscle and may have done so in other muscles, while having little effect in fat. | We examined the possible role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as a mediator of insulin resistance in maturing male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated either with goat anti-murine TNF-alpha IgG (anti-TNF-alpha) or goat nonimmune IgG (NI) for 7 days. Vascular catheters were implanted, and rats were fasted ... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that ionomycin <le>-induced calpain activation promotes decrease of Bcl-2 proteins thereby triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. | Ubiquitous calpains (mu- and m-calpain) have been repeatedly implicated in apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism(s) remain(s) to be elucidated. We examined ionomycin-induced cell death in LCLC 103H cells, derived from a human large cell lung carcinoma. We detected hallmarks of apoptosis such as membrane blebbing, nuc... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that HO-1 overexpression in the proximal tubule reduces MCP-1 production in response to albumin, and this occurs, at least in part, by inhibiting an ERK-dependent, NF-kappaB-dependent pathway at a site that is distal to the activation of ERK. | Proteinuria contributes to chronic kidney disease by stimulating renal tubular epithelial cells to produce cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The present study determined whether cellular overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can influence albumin-stimulated MCP-1 production. In response ... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that TNF-alpha <le>, via NF-kappaB, and JNK induces MIF and EMMPRIN in macrophage to tumor cell cocultures and this leads to increased invasive capacity of the tumor cells. | Tumor-associated macrophages may influence tumor progression, angiogenesis and invasion. To investigate mechanisms by which macrophages interact with tumor cells, we developed an in vitro coculture model. Previously we reported that coculture enhanced invasiveness of the tumor cells in a TNF-alpha- and matrix metallopr... | ENTAILMENT |
We therefore conclude that Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin A/Cdk1 is essential for normal fusome behavior and centriole engagement during premeiotic G2 arrest of Drosophila male meiosis. | Regulation of cell cycle arrest in premeiotic G2 phase coordinates germ cell maturation and meiotic cell division with hormonal and developmental signals by mechanisms that control Cyclin B synthesis and inhibitory phosphorylation of the M-phase kinase, Cdk1. In this study, we investigated how inhibitory phosphorylatio... | ENTAILMENT |
We therefore conclude that hydrogen peroxide stimulates the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and that substances derived from this pathway are at least in part responsible for the hydrogen peroxide induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs. | Reactive oxygen metabolites cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and activate arachidonic acid metabolism. We proposed that hydrogen peroxide, generated enzymatically in an insolated rat lung model, would cause vasoconstriction which was independent of circulating cells, but dependent on activation of the arachidonic acid ... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that dopamine inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in the CCD through a DA1 receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway that involves the stimulation of PLA2 and arachidonic acid release, possibly mediated by inactivation of lipomodulin. | We have reported that dopamine (DA) inhibits Na-K-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) by stimulating the DA1 receptor, and the present study was designed to evaluate the mechanism of this effect. Short-term exposure (15-30 min) of microdissected rat CCD to DA, a DA1 agonist (fenoldopam), vasopressin (... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that blockade of the angiotensin type 1 receptor with losartan but not antagonism of the alpha1-adrenoreceptor with prazosin prevents the development of salt-sensitive hypertension induced by sensory denervation. | A novel model of hypertension recently developed in our laboratory shows that neonatal degeneration of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves renders a rat responsive to a salt load with a significant rise in blood pressure. To determine the role of the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system in the dev... | ENTAILMENT |
Optimal prolactin responses were obtained with cortisol concentrations greater than 10(-7) M, whereas optimal dibutyryl cAMP responses were observed with cortisol concentrations less than 10(-7) M. Despite the differing optimal cortisol concentrations for the prolactin and dibutyryl cAMP responses, it is concluded that... | Dibutyryl cAMP and prolactin stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse mammary gland explants which had been preincubated with insulin and cortisol for 1 day; maximally stimulatory concentrations of dibutyryl cAMP and prolactin produced a response which was greater than the sum of the responses of prolactin ... | ENTAILMENT |
We, therefore, conclude that the ability of IL-12 to substitute for CD28-costimulatory signaling during CTL development is a result of the interaction of IL-12 with IL-12Rbeta2 induced by low levels of IL-2 synthesized by T cells activated in a CD28-independent manner. | Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) development is regulated closely by an intricate series of signals provided by the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, cytokines, and costimulatory ligand/receptor systems. In this study, we have explored the role of interleukin (IL)-12 and CD28 in mouse CTL development. Activation of T cells with... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that Galphai1 inhibits hydrogen peroxide <le>-induced apoptosis of H1299 lung cancer cells by up-regulating the transcription of Bcl-2 through a p50-mediated NF-kappaB activation. | Inhibitory heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (Gi proteins) mediate a variety of signaling pathways by coupling receptors and effectors to regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the role of Gi proteins in the modulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis is not clearly understood... | ENTAILMENT |
It is concluded that ammonia converts EGF <le>-induced hyperplasia to hypertrophy by a mechanism that involves suppression of lysosomal function and this response can be blocked by inhibiting the activity of the retinoblastoma family of proteins. | Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes proliferation in renal tubular cells but, when it is combined with transforming growth factor-beta1, it causes hypertrophy by a mechanism that requires the activity of the retinoblastoma family of proteins. In contrast, ammonia causes hypertrophy by decreasing lysosomal proteolysis;... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that IL-1 signaling antagonizes IL-1 <er>1/STAT3 mediated pathology and the genetic deletion of IL-1 <er>RT1 results in increased tumor burden. | IL-1 is key driver of gastric tumorigenesis and is a downstream target of IL-11 signaling. Recently, IL-1 cytokines, particularly IL-1β, have been flagged as therapeutic targets for gastric cancer treatment. Here, we assess the requirement for IL-1 signaling in gastric tumorigenesis. gp130757FF xIL-1RT1-/- mice were ge... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that, in the absence of P-gp activity, hyperosmotic mannitol activates basolateral NHE via protein kinase C, whereas in the presence of P-gp activity, it does not. | Using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester, we examined the effects of hyperosmotic mannitol on basolateral Na(+)/H(+) exchange (NHE) activity in isolated nonperfused proximal tubule S2 segments from mice lacking both the mdr1a and mdr1b genes (KO) and wil... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that the induction of vitellogenin by DHT is mediated by the estrogen receptor rather than by the androgen receptor. | We have investigated the action of high doses of androgens in Gobius niger L., a marine teleostean fish, by characterizing specific steroid receptors in liver and by assaying the plasma vitellogenin concentration under different hormonal treatments. Estrogen and androgen receptors were characterized in the liver nuclea... | ENTAILMENT |
As PD98059 could not abolish the increment of ROS induced by CPF <le>, we concluded that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is subsequent to ROS production induced by CPF but not the inverse. | It is well known the participation of oxidative stress in the induction and development of different pathologies including cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration and respiratory disorders among others. It has been reported that oxidative stress may be induced by pesticides and it could be the cause of health alteration me... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that mutations in MEGF8 cause a Carpenter syndrome subtype frequently associated with defective left-right patterning, probably through perturbation of signaling by hedgehog and nodal family members. | Carpenter syndrome is an autosomal-recessive multiple-congenital-malformation disorder characterized by multisuture craniosynostosis and polysyndactyly of the hands and feet; many other clinical features occur, and the most frequent include obesity, umbilical hernia, cryptorchidism, and congenital heart disease. Mutati... | ENTAILMENT |
Compared on a molar basis, however, plasmin was found to be almost 1,000 times more effective than kallikrein, and we conclude, therefore, that in vivo plasmin is the primary activator of scu-PA and the role of the contact system is of secondary importance. | An analysis was made of the various possible activators of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) in the dextran sulphate euglobulin fraction (DEF) of human plasma. scu-PA activators were detected in an assay system in which the substrate scu-PA, in physiological concentration (50 pM), was immuno-im... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that reduced adiponectin expression under high-fat dietary conditions is dependent on 1) increased ALDH1A1 expression in adipocytes, which does not increase all-trans-retinoic acid levels; 2) further RAR ligand-induced, WAT-selective, increased retinoic acid response element-mediated signaling; and 3) RAR l... | Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived adipokine with potent antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic activity. Long-term, high-fat diet results in gain of body weight, adiposity, further inflammatory-based cardiovascular diseases, and reduced adiponectin secretion. Vitamin A derivatives/retinoids are involved... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that enalapril prevents or reverses the myocardial beta-adrenoceptor abnormality seen in heart failure and promotes angiotensin II formation. | In heart failure, both the sympathetic nervous system and the renin angiotensin system play important pathophysiological roles, and the two systems may interact with each other, e.g., angiotensin II facilitating noradrenaline release. An abnormality in beta-adrenoceptor density (i.e., a decrease) occurs in clinical and... | ENTAILMENT |
We also conclude that, unlike GM-CSF, IL-15 does not activate the Jak-2 <er>/STAT-5 pathway found to be important in neutrophil signaling. | Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine known as a general inhibitor of apoptosis, which possesses potential therapeutic properties. Although IL-15 was previously found to be a human neutrophil agonist, its mode of action remains unknown. Herein, we were interested in elucidating the mechanisms by which i... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that fluoride <le>-induced apoptosis is largely dependent on Ca2+ induced superoxide generation leading to elevation in CaMKIIg which in turn induces the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and downstream activation of extrinsic caspase cascade in HKM cells. | Fluoride is known to induce apoptosis though the mechanisms remain obscure. The aim of the present study was to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of fluoride-induced apoptosis using fish headkidney macrophages (HKMs). Exposure to fluoride triggered HKM cell apoptosis as evidenced by Hoechst 333432 and Anne... | ENTAILMENT |
Taken together, one may conclude that the mechanism of inhibition of TPA <le>-induced ODC by retinoic acid may involve the inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated accumulation of newly synthesized ODC mRNA. | Evidence is presented that inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) by retinoic acid may involve inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated synthesis of ODC mRNA. A single application of 10 nmol of TPA to intact mouse skin led to an increase in the steady ... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that RSV induces RelA activation in the innate inflammatory response via a pathway separate from that controlling RelA cytoplasmic release, mediated by ROS signaling to cytoplasmic MSK1 activation and RelA Ser-276 phosphorylation. | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a human pathogen that induces airway inflammation, at least in part, by modulating gene expression programs in airway epithelial cells. The presence of RSV replication is detected by the intracellular retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) RNA helicase that forms a productive signal... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that (1) both vanadate and insulin stimulate erythrocyte Mg <er>(i) levels; (2) cellular Mg <er>(i) responses to insulin <le>, but not to vanadate, depend on basal Mg <er>(i) content-the lower the basal Mg <er>(i), the less the Mg <er>(i) response to insulin <le>. | The insulin-mimetic effect of vanadate is well established, and vanadate has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats and humans. Although the exact mechanism(s) remain undefined, we have previously demonstrated a direct relation of intracellular free magnesium (Mg(i)) levels to glucose disposal, to i... | ENTAILMENT |
Shh also was present in urine of patients with acute kidney injury, but not in normal individuals or those with fibrotic liver cirrhosis We conclude neither endogenous PTAFR signaling nor CYP2E1-generated radicals alone are sufficient to initiate hedgehog signaling, but instead PTAFR-dependent neutrophil infiltration w... | Acute inflammation either resolves or proceeds to fibrotic repair that replaces functional tissue. Pro-fibrotic hedgehog signaling and induction of its Gli transcription factor in pericytes induces fibrosis in kidney, but molecular instructions connecting inflammation to fibrosis are opaque. We show acute kidney inflam... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that in inflammation, neutrophil proteinases can modulate PAR <er>(2) signaling by preventing/disarming the G(q)/calcium signal pathway and, via elastase, can selectively activate the p44/42 MAPK pathway. | Human neutrophil proteinases (elastase, proteinase-3, and cathepsin-G) are released at sites of acute inflammation. We hypothesized that these inflammation-associated proteinases can affect cell signaling by targeting proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)). The PAR family of G protein-coupled receptors is triggered b... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that propionate-induced inhibition of GABA transaminase causes accumulation of GABA in the brain, leading to increased extracellular GABA concentration, which inhibits neuronal activity and causes lethargy. | Propionic acidemia is the accumulation of propionate in blood due to dysfunction of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. The condition causes lethargy and striatal degeneration with motor impairment in humans. How propionate exerts its toxic effect is unclear. Here, we show that intravenous administration of propionate causes do... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that heat shock decreases endothelial cell ICAM-1 expression via inhibition of IKK activity. | The pulmonary vascular endothelium plays a critical role in lung inflammation. As a result of proinflammatory cytokine expression, adhesion molecules are upregulated on the surface of the endothelial cells. Adhesion molecules facilitate recruitment of leukocytes and thus, have been targeted for potential anti-inflammat... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that even if there is a heterogeneous nitric oxide production by the xenografted glioma cells that impacts Vegfa and Cyclin D1 expression levels, our results suggest that reduction of nitric oxide levels by nitric oxide scavenging could be an efficient approach to treat glioma <le>. | To investigate the effect of nitric oxide on tumor development, we established a rat tumor xenograft model in zebrafish embryos. The injected tumor cells formed masses in which nitric oxide production could be detected by the use of the cell-permeant DAF-FM-DA (diaminofluorophore 4-amino-5-methylamino-2'-7'-difluoroflu... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that PLB increases V(max <er>) of Ca(2+)-ATPase, and that the magnitude of this effect is sensitive to mutation. | Reconstitution into proteoliposomes is a powerful method for studying calcium transport in a chemically pure membrane environment. By use of this approach, we have studied the regulation of Ca(2+)-ATPase by phospholamban (PLB) as a function of calcium concentration and PLB mutation. Co-reconstitution of PLB and Ca(2+)-... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that AIF, cytochrome c and caspase-3 are not responsible for the NO <le>-mediated cell death evoked by SNP. | Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent extracellular and intracellular physiological messenger. However, NO liberated in excessive amounts can be involved in macromolecular and mitochondrial damage in brain aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanism of its neurotoxic action is not fully understood. Our pr... | ENTAILMENT |
Therefore, we conclude that miR-150 negatively regulates CD4 <er>(+) T cell function by inhibiting the AKT3/BIM signaling pathway. | Donor-derived CD4(+) T lymphocytes are the major effector cells directly involved in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). As a negative regulator of immune cell differentiation and development, microRNA-150 (miR-150) induces immunological tolerance in CD4(+) T cells after transplantation. However, the s... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that hyperoxia increased large tidal volume-induced MIP-2 production and neutrophil influx through activation of the Akt and eNOS pathways. | Positive pressure ventilation with large tidal volumes has been shown to cause release of cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a functional equivalent of human IL-8, and neutrophil infiltration. Hyperoxia has been shown to increase ventilator-induced lung injury, but the mechanisms regulating... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that IL-13 enhances frequency of LTD4-induced Ca <er>(2+) oscillations in human ASMCs, which may be cooperatively modulated by IP(3)R, RyR systems and possibly by SOCE. | Physiological mechanisms associated with interleukin-13 (IL-13), a key cytokine in asthma, in intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess effects of IL-13 on Ca(2+) oscillations in response to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in human cultured ASMCs. LTD... | ENTAILMENT |
We conclude that (i) miR-125b and miR-150 target NFkB and miR-146a expressions <le>, which in turn regulates RelA/p53 <er>; (ii) reduced miR-125b and miR-150 expressions, increased NFkB and miR-146a expressions level and decreased RelA/p53 originate from mutant HTT (iii) NFkB and miR-146a expressions directly or indire... | Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of N-terminal polymorphic poly Q stretch of the protein huntingtin (HTT). Deregulated microRNAs and loss of function of transcription factors recruited to mutant HTT aggregates could cause characteristic transcriptional deregulation associated with HD. We observed ea... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that hyperoxia increases PEDF in the neonatal lung. | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease of preterm infants characterized by arrested microvascularization and alveolarization. Studies show the importance of proangiogenic factors for alveolarization, but the importance of antiangiogenic factors is unknown. We proposed that hyperoxia increases the potent a... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that PI 3-kinase mediates the survival effect of BMDMs on TGF-beta-induced death by acting upstream from the mitochondrial changes, i.e., preventing bcl-x(L) down-regulation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3. | Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-mediated apoptosis is one of the major death processes in the liver. We have previously shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important survival signal for TGF-beta-induced apoptosis in fetal hepatocytes (Fabregat et al., FEBS Lett 1996;384:14-18). In this work we hav... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that VGF stimulates an alpha5beta1 receptor-MEK-dependent pro-survival pathway that synergizes with F1L to counteract an infection <er>-induced apoptotic pathway that predominantly involves the BH3-only protein Bad. | F1L is a functional Bcl-2 homologue that inhibits apoptosis at the mitochondria during vaccinia infection. However, the extent and timing of cell death during DeltaF1L virus infection suggest that additional viral effectors cooperate with F1L to limit apoptosis. Here we report that vaccinia growth factor (VGF), a secre... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that in cultured airway goblet cells extracellular NO stimulates mucin release by a signal transduction mechanism, which seems to involve coupling of NO <le>-activated P2 purinoceptors with phospholipase C, at least in part, via pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins. | Release of mucins from cultured airway surface epithelial cells can be stimulated by extracellular ATP via a P2-purinergic receptor-mediated mechanism (K. C. Kim and B. C. Lee. 1991. Br. J. Pharmacol. 103:1053-1056). In this report, we studied the mechanism by which extracellular ATP induces the mucin release. We found... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that simvastatin attenuated neuropathic pain in rats subjected to actin by inhibiting CCI <er>-mediated intracellular trafficking to suppress RhoA/LIMK/cofilin pathway activity. | Neuropathic pain occurs due to deleterious changes in the nervous system caused by a lesion or dysfunction. Currently, neuropathic pain management is unsatisfactory and remains a challenge in clinical practice. Studies have suggested that actin cytoskeleton remodeling may be associated with neural plasticity and may in... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that BDNF/TrkB promotes osteogenesis in differentiating hMSCs, with MIR146A regulating BDNF/TrkB <le>. | Chromatin remodeling is important for cell differentiation. Histone methyltransferase EZH2 and histone demethylase JMJD3 (KDM6B) modulate levels of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Interplay between the two modulators influence lineage specification in stem cells. Here, we identified microRNA MIR146A to ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that the reduction in renin release stimulated furosemide by indomethacin is due to renal cyclo-oxygenase inhibition which is reflected in decreased excretion rates of hydrolysis products of renal eicosanoids. | We had previously shown that the early increment in plasma renin activity occurring within ten minutes of intravenous furosemide is accompanied by an increase in urine 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) the hydrolysis product of prostacyclin. Renal prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 synthesis are apparently... | CONTRADICTION |
It can be concluded that ZO-2 inhibits the cyclooxygenase pathway of rat platelets via a specific ZO-2 receptor-activated, cAMP-dependent pathway, and these effects of ZO-2 are involved in the inhibition of platelet aggregation. | Several data suggest that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is involved in the regulation of local circulation. One possible role of PACAP in the regulation of circulation is that, it may modify the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonate cascade in platelets. Our study was designed to study... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that CD45 induces the dephosphorylation of Lck at Y394, thereby preventing sustained Lck activation and propose that the amplitude of the Src family kinase-dependent signal regulates the outcome of CD44-mediated signaling to the actin cytoskeleton and T cell spreading. | The tyrosine phosphatase CD45 dephosphorylates the negative regulatory tyrosine of the Src family kinase Lck and plays a positive role in TCR signaling. In this study we demonstrate a negative regulatory role for CD45 in CD44 signaling leading to actin rearrangement and cell spreading in activated thymocytes and T cell... | CONTRADICTION |
It is concluded that the subtype of beta-subunit influences the potency with which GABA potentiates etomidate <er>-evoked currents and that the beta isoform is a crucial determinant of the etomidate <er>-mimetic activity of this compound. | 1. The GABA modulating and GABA-mimetic actions of the general anaesthetic etomidate were examined in voltage-clamp recordings performed on Xenopus laevis oocytes induced, by cRNA injection, to express human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor subunits. 2. Currents mediated by recombinant receptors wi... | CONTRADICTION |
It is concluded that, in the guinea-pig colonic mucosa under the present conditions, mu opioid receptors mediate enhancement and chloride secretion inhibition of PGE1-stimulated net kappa opioid receptors by low Lop concentrations. | 1. In a voltage clamp setting (Ussing chamber), the antidiarrhoeal drug, loperamide (Lop) slightly augmented prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) plus theophylline-stimulated net chloride secretion above control values at low concentrations (10(-10) and 10(-9) M) but inhibited it at higher concentrations (10(-6) and 10(-5) M). The ... | CONTRADICTION |
These results led us to conclude that the human MnSOD gene having the inhibitor construct used in this study is induced by TPA via activation of a CREB-1/ATF-1-like factor and not via either NF-kappaB or AP-1. | Transcriptional activation of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA induced by a phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was examined to identify the responsive transcriptional regulator. The effect of various deletions and mutations within the 5'-flanking region of the human MnSOD gene p... | CONTRADICTION |
(in press)], it is concluded that Pro-1 acts as the general MIF catalyst in the base <er>-catalyzed reaction. | The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mediates several immune and inflammatory processes through unknown or poorly understood mechanisms. The protein shares structural homology with two bacterial isomerases, 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) and 5-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxymuconate isomerase (CHMI)... | CONTRADICTION |
It is concluded that TIS-1 causes induction of the early response genes c-fos and PAF in a structurally specific and receptor dependent manner. | The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) on the induction of early response genes was investigated in A-431 cells (human epidermal carcinoma cells). PAF induced a transient expression of c-fos and TIS-1 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As low as 10(-10) M PAF caused detectable expression of these genes ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that lipoprotein lipase inhibits lipid storage in adipose tissue by reducing both growth hormone activity and insulin's inhibitory action on hormone-sensitive lipase. | Lipid storage and breakdown is mainly controlled by lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. The aim of this work was to elucidate whether growth hormone mediated loss of adipose tissue involves a concerted action on tissue lipases, and to what degree such events are modulated by dietary regimen. Twelve-month-o... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that the stress-induced increase in MCR is largely independent of changes in insulin, markedly augmented by beta-blockade, and related, at least in part, to promotion of lipolysis and glycogenolysis, and that R(a) is augmented by glucagon and alpha- and beta-catecholamine effects. | Glucose utilization increases markedly in the normal dog during stress induced by the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of carbachol. To determine the extent to which insulin, glucagon, and selective (alpha/beta)-adrenergic activation mediate the increment in glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and glucose pro... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that subthreshold systemic doses of monoselective PDE 100 <le>, 4, and 5 inhibitors and in particular dual-selective PDE 100 <le>/4 inhibitors cause significant amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled PGI <er>(2), while limiting the hypotensive effect to the pulmonary circulation. | Inhalation of aerosolized prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation, but the effect rapidly levels off after termination of nebulization. In experimental pulmonary hypertension in intact rabbits, provoked by continuous infusion of the stable thromboxane mimetic U46619, the impact of intravenou... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that (1) circulating CNP achieved by exogenous CNP infusion is regulated by NEP in vivo, (2) regional MCRs are heterogeneous with NEP promotion, (3) NEP inhibition does not potentiate acute cardiovascular actions of CNP <er>, and (4) a mild natriuretic and diuretic effect observed with CNP and NEP inhibitio... | C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a newly described 22-amino acid peptide of endothelial and renal cell origin with selective cardiovascular actions. Recent in vitro studies have reported that CNP is the most susceptible of all natriuretic peptides to enzymatic degradation by neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP). The pr... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that an increase in [Ca2+]i, due to activation of GABAA receptors and opening of L-type calcium channels, is necessary for death <le>-induced propofol of immature rat hippocampal neurons but that additional mechanisms not elicited by GABAA activation alone also contribute to cell propofol <er>. | Certain anesthetics exhibit neurotoxicity in the brains of immature but not mature animals. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, is excitatory on immature neurons via its action at the GABAA receptor, due to a reversed transmembrane chloride gradient. GABAA recepto... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that endogenous activation of mGlu5 receptors sustains the increase in c-Myc induced by LIF in embryonic stem cells by inhibiting both glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and PI-294002-K <er>, both effects resulting from the activation of PKC. | We have shown that endogenous activation of type 5 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu5) receptors supports the maintenance of a pluripotent, undifferentiated state in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells cultured in the presence of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Here, we examined the interaction between LIF and mGlu5 receptors ... | CONTRADICTION |
From our experiments it may be concluded that IO induces tachycardia in the pithed rat primarily by stimulating the sympathetic ganglia leading to the release of noradrenaline, which subsequently activates cardiac beta 1-adrenoceptors. | In the pithed normotensive rat the intravenous administration of increasing doses of angiotensin II caused an increase in heart rate by a maximum of 93 +/- 6 beats/min. This increase in heart rate was diminished dose-dependently by the concomitant infusion of the angiotensin II analogue saralasin. It was not affected b... | CONTRADICTION |
From these results we conclude that protein synthesis stimulation causes the increase in alpha-adrenoceptor via activation of NHE, but independent of the concomitant increase in creatine phosphate contents. | Stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors on ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from adult rat hearts leads to cellular alkalization, increases of creatine phosphate concentration, RNA mass, and protein synthesis. This study investigated whether the increase of creatine phosphate concentrations is causally linked to the hype... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that: 1) both muscle and neuronal ranolazine <le>(+) channels are as sensitive to Na block as their cardiac counterparts; 2) at its therapeutic plasma concentrations, Na interacts predominantly with the open but not resting or inactivated ranolazine <le>(+) channels; and 3) Na block of open ranolazine <le>(... | Ranolazine is an antianginal agent that targets a number of ion channels in the heart, including cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channels. However, ranolazine block of muscle and neuronal Na(+) channel isoforms has not been examined. We compared the state- and use-dependent ranolazine block of Na(+) currents carried by mus... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that in A7r5 cells, the Ca2+ entry evoked by low concentrations of AVP is mediated largely by a non-capacitative pathway directly regulated by all-trans-retinoic acid produced by the sequential activities of phosphoinositidase C and diacylglycerol lipase. | 1. Depletion of the Ca2+ stores of A7r5 cells stimulated Ca2+, though not Sr2+, entry. Vasopressin (AVP) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated Sr2+ entry. The cells therefore express a capacitative pathway activated by empty stores and a non-capacitative pathway stimulated by receptors; only the former is... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that the activation of nitric oxide <le>, localized in smooth muscle caveolae, by calcium entering through L-type calcium channels triggers nNOS production which modulates muscle contraction by a cGMP-dependent mechanism. | Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in myenteric neurons is activated during peristalsis to produce nitric oxide which relaxes intestinal smooth muscle. A putative nNOS is also found in the membrane of intestinal smooth muscle cells in mouse and dog. In this study we studied the possible functions of this nNOS expres... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude from these experiments that AII increases arterial blood pressure in the Pekin duck by mobilizing surface and E from both adrenal and extraadrenal stores. | The iv injection of Asp1, Val5-angiotensin II(AII) was followed by increases in arterial plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations and elevation of arterial blood pressure in the anesthetized Pekin duck. AII injection did not affect the concentration of unconjugated dopamine in arterial plasma. Adre... | CONTRADICTION |
Given that eIF4E phosphorylation failed to increase Mnk and mTOR inhibitors in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-deficient cells, we conclude that mTOR inhibition increases mTOR inhibitors through a PI3K-dependent and Mnk-mediated mechanism. | The initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a critical role in initiating translation of mRNAs, including those encoding oncogenic proteins. Therefore, eIF4E is considered a survival protein involved in cell cycle progression, cell transformation, and apoptotic resistance. Phosphoryl... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that, in CSD neurons, (i) somatodendritic ethanol supports SERT attraction, (ii) axonal ethanol specifies SERT aversion, (iii) the effect of axonal ethanol can override that of somatodendritic ethanol <le>. | The serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates serotonergic neurotransmission by retrieving released serotonin and replenishing vesicular stores. SERT is not only delivered to axons but it is also present on the neuronal soma and on dendrites. It has not been possible to restrict the distribution of SERT without affecting ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that Rho may inhibit insulin signaling by affecting posttranslational modification of insulin <er>A via nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway to cause MBP activation, actin cytoskeletal disorganization, and vasodilation. | Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that insulin induces relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via stimulation of myosin phosphatase and inhibition of Rho kinase activity. In this study, we examined the mechanism whereby insulin inhibits Rho signaling and its impact on actin cytoskeleton organiza... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that IGF-1 inhibits the basolateral ulcerative colitis channels by activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways. | The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that insulin-like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a role in the regulation of basolateral Cl channels in the thick ascending limb (TAL). The patch-clamp experiments demonstrated that application of IGF-I or insulin inhibited the basolateral 10-pS Cl channels. However... | CONTRADICTION |
The authors conclude that in sheep, methylene blue attenuates the phenylephrine <le>-induced pulmonary hypertension and oedema, at least in part, by inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid. | The authors recently demonstrated that methylene blue (MB), an inhibitor of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, reduces the increments in pulmonary capillary pressure, lung lymph flow and protein clearance in endotoxaemic sheep. In the present study, the authors examined whether MB influences pulmonary haemodynamics and acc... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that DM hypersecretion after CRH-mediated stimuli, including naloxone, is an inherent, but variable, feature of ACTH <er>, caused by expression of the genetic mutation at the anterior pituitary. | We previously showed that CRH-mediated stimuli, including exogenous CRH, cause ACTH hypersecretion in many myotonic dystrophy (DM) patients. We confirmed this by giving naloxone, a stimulator of endogenous CRH release, to a large number of DM patients and controls. DM patients, first degree relatives, and normal contro... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that I(Na) and reverse Ca modulate NCX <er>(2+) release in murine WT cardiomyocytes by augmenting the pool of NCX <er>(2+) that triggers ryanodine receptors. | The hypothesis that Na(+) influx during the action potential (AP) activates reverse Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) and subsequent entry of trigger Ca(2+) is controversial. We tested this hypothesis by monitoring intracellular Ca(2+) before and after selective inactivation of I(Na) prior to a simulated action potential in ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that desA-plasminogen activation protofibril formation is sufficient to initiate plasminogen activation enhancement of t-PA-catalyzed fibrin <er>, and that optimal stimulation depends on further plasmin-mediated modification of the plasminogen activation effector to desA-fragment X-related moieties. | When thrombin-mediated fibrin formation and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-mediated fibrinolysis proceed in dynamic interaction, desA-(desB beta 1-42)-fragment X polymers are shown to be the predominant fibrin derivatives present during the rapid second phase of Glu1- and Lys78-plasminogen activation. To further i... | CONTRADICTION |
Disruption of microtubules with nocodazole inhibited endocytosis and azurophil granule fMLP stimulated by exocytosis in the presence of latrunculin A. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, ERK1/2, and PKC significantly reduced exocytosis <le>-stimulated transferrin uptake in the presence of latru... | We have recently reported that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton enhanced N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated granule exocytosis in human neutrophils but decreased plasma membrane expression of complement receptor 1 (CR1), a marker of secretory vesicles. The present study was initiated to determ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that the calcium-activated chloride channel (bCLCA1) is expressed in bovine corneal endothelial cells and cannot contribute to Ca(2+) dependent apical HCO <er>(3)(-) permeability, but not resting permeability, across the corneal endothelium. | Corneal endothelium secretes HCO(3)(-) from basolateral (stroma) to apical (anterior chamber) compartments. Apical HCO(3)(-) permeability can be enhanced by increasing [Ca(2+)](i). We hypothesized that the bovine calcium-activated chloride channel 1 (bCLCA1), shown previously by PCR screening to be expressed in corneal... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that the Rho <er>-kinase inhibitor <le>-kinase inhibitor prevents the growth, adhesion, invasion, and migration of 95D lung carcinoma cells by inhibiting the Rho <er>-kinase inhibitor <le>/Rho <er>-kinase inhibitor <le>-kinase pathway. | The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a Rho-kinase inhibitor on 95D lung carcinoma cell growth, adhesion, invasion, and migration and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. After treatment of 95D lung carcinoma cells with fasudil, an inhibitor of Rho-kinase, cell... | CONTRADICTION |
We have concluded from these observations that (1) steroid side-chain cleavage and pregnenolone conversion to progesterone are essential for gonadotropin-promoted follicle cholesterol production and the resulting reinitiation of meiosis by the oocyte, (2) the enzymes necessary for the conversion of steroid to 17 alpha-... | In order to understand better the mechanism of gonadotropin action on steroidogenesis in prematurational follicles of Fundulus heteroclitus, follicle synthesis of 17 alpha-hydroxy, 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha-OH,20 beta-DHP), testosterone (T), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) from a variety of precursors and the ma... | CONTRADICTION |
From the relative sensitivity of the ATP and the Mg-proton pump <er>ase activity to the inhibitors it is concluded that about 35% of the Mg-proton pump <er>ase activity found in the brushborder membrane can be attributed to the proton pump <er>-driven ATP <le>. | In order to further characterize the ATP driven proton pump present in the luminal membrane of the renal proximal tubule, brushborder membranes were isolated from rat kidney cortex and the effect of various proton ATPase inhibitors on intravesicular ATP hydrolysis in sealed brushborder membrane vesicles and on Mg-ATPas... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that pentamidine prolongs the cardiac hERG by block of action potential trafficking and reduction of the number of functional action potential channels at the cell surface. | The diamidine pentamidine is used to treat leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Treatment may be accompanied by prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram and torsades de pointes tachycardias. Up to now, it has been thought that therapeutic compounds causing QT prolongation ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that: 1) greater oxidative stress coupled with inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase mediate the additive effects of nicotine and HFD on hepatic steatosis in obese mice and 67.8) increased lipolysis is an important contributor to hepatic steatosis. | Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease and may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We hypothesize that in the presence of nicotine, high-fat diet (HFD) causes more severe hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Adult C57BL6 male mice were fed a normal chow diet or HFD and received t... | CONTRADICTION |
Based on the potent antinociceptive effects of DAGO, the complete lack of such effects by the highly selective delta and kappa agonists, and the antagonism of CTOP by DTLET and beta-FNA, it is concluded that the antinociceptive effects of intranigral opioid agonists are mediated by mu receptors. | This study examined the effects of bilateral intranigral microinjection of selective opioid agonists on the tail-flick and hot-plate antinociception tests. The principal findings are: (1) the mu-selective agonist D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAGO) had antinociceptive effects on both tests which were reversibl... | CONTRADICTION |
Though consistent with prior reports of PD protection afforded by legumes, and with speculation on the possible benefits of dietary or supplemental vitamin E in preventing PD <er>, these preliminary data do not not conclusively document a beneficial effect of dietary vitamin E on PD occurrence. | A nested case-control study of 84 incident cases of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) detected by June 30, 1994 and 336 age-matched control subjects, compared previously-documented intake of total dietary vitamin E and of selected vitamin E-containing foods. All study subjects had been followed for 27 t... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that the gastric ulcerogenic properties of NSAIDs are not accounted for solely by the inhibition of COX-2 expression and require the inhibition of both COX-2 expression and COX-2, the inhibition of COX-2 expression up-regulates COX-1 in association with gastric hypermotility, and PGs produced by COX-2 count... | This article reviews our recent studies on NSAID-induced gastric damage, focusing on the relation between COX inhibition and pathogenic events. Conventional NSAIDs such as indomethacin, at a dose that inhibits PG production, enhance gastric motility, resulting in an increase in mucosal permeability and MPO activity, an... | CONTRADICTION |
On the basis of these findings, the following is concluded: Muscle contraction cannot activate the glucose transport system independently of insulin. | The influence of contractile activity, insulin, catecholamines and diabetes mellitus on the acute as well as long-term regulation of glucose transport into skeletal muscle was investigated. In Paper I, glucose uptake was determined in the perfused hindlimb preparation; in Papers II-VI the glucose transport process was ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude from these data that bFGF and FA prevent glutamate excitotoxicity through regulation of [Ca(2+)](i) and mitochondrial energy metabolism <er>. | Taurine, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are known to control the development of early postnatal cerebellar granule cells. This study attempted to investigate possible mechanisms of this control by determining neuronal survival, calcium homeostasis, and related calciu... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that liver X receptor inhibits SREBP-1c transcription via combined actions on multiple transcription factors and that this effect is exerted at least in part through reduced transcriptional activity of Sp1 and SREBP-1c and disrupted assembly of the transcriptional initiation complex on the SREBP-1c promoter... | Induction of lipogenesis in response to insulin is critically dependent on the transcription factor, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FoxO1, a forkhead box class-O transcription factor, is an important mediator of insulin action, but its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism has not been cl... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that RV chemokine expression and TNF-alpha stimulation induce cooperative increases in epithelial cell infection <er>, providing a cellular mechanism for RV-induced exacerbations of airways disease. | Rhinovirus (RV) infections trigger exacerbations of airways disease, but underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that RV and cytokines present in inflamed airways combine to induce augmented airway epithelial cell chemokine expression, promoting further inflammation. To test this hypothesis in a cellular ... | CONTRADICTION |
We conclude that 1) mitogenic stimulation of cultured bovine tracheal myocytes by cyclin induces PDGF D1 transcriptional activation and protein expression, 2) PDGF D1 expression is accompanied by Rb phosphorylation, which is evidence of increased PDGF D1-associated kinase activity in vivo, and 3) microinjection of anti... | We examined the role of cyclin D1 in cultured bovine tracheal myocyte mitogenesis. Immunoblots using a polyclonal antibody against cyclin D1 showed the appearance of this protein 4 h after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent mitogen for these cells. Immunoblots utilizing an antibody against t... | CONTRADICTION |
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