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The National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS) collects and
disseminates the nation’s official vital
statistics through the National Vital
Statistics System. NCHS uses provisional
vital statistics data for conducting public
health surveillance and final data for
producing annual national natality and
mortality statistics. NCHS publishes
annual and decennial national life tables
based on final vital statistics data. To
assess the effects of excess mortality
related to the COVID-19 pandemic on
life expectancy, NCHS published the
first ever provisional life expectancy
estimates for the year 2020 (1,2). Life
expectancy estimates presented in this
report are based on provisional mortality
data for 2021 and final data for 2019
and 2020. Provisional data are early
estimates based on death certificates
received, processed, and coded but not
finalized by NCHS. These estimates are
considered provisional because death
certificate information may be revised,
and additional death certificates may be
received until approximately 6 months
after the end of the year.
This report presents life expectancy
estimates calculated using complete
period life tables based on provisional
death counts for 2021 by sex and for the
total, Hispanic, non-Hispanic American
Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN),
non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic
Black, and non-Hispanic White
populations. Estimates for the Native
Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
population were not produced because
data needed to evaluate race and
ethnicity misclassification on death
certificates for this population are
not currently available (3). There are
two types of life tables: the cohort (or
generation) and the period (or current)
life table. The cohort life table presents
the mortality experience of a particular
birth cohort from the moment of birth
through consecutive ages in successive
calendar years. The period life table does
not represent the mortality experience of
an actual birth cohort but rather presents
what would happen to a hypothetical
cohort if it experienced throughout its
entire life the mortality conditions of
a particular period. This report also
presents contributions of causes of
death to the changes in life expectancy
using a life table partitioning technique
(Technical Notes).
Keywords: Hispanic origin • race •
cause of death • National Vital Statistics
System
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Data and Methods
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Provisional life expectancy estimates
were calculated using complete period
life tables based on provisional death
counts for 2021 from death records
received and processed by NCHS as of
April 24, 2022; provisional numbers
of births for the same period based on
birth records received and processed by
NCHS as of May 3, 2022; and July 1,
2021, postcensal population estimates
based on the 2010 decennial census.
Provisional death rates are typically
computed using death data after a
3-month lag, as completeness and
timeliness of provisional death data can
vary by many factors, including cause
of death, month of the year, and age
of the decedent (4,5). Mortality data
used in this report include over 99% of
the deaths that occurred in 2021, but
certain jurisdictions and age groups may
be underrepresented for later months
(5). Deaths requiring investigation,
including infant deaths and those from
external injuries and drug overdose may
be underestimated (6). See Technical
Notes for more information about the
calculation of the complete period life
tables and life table partitioning by
cause of death. Provisional 2021 life
expectancy estimates are compared with
final estimates for years 2019 and 2020
to describe changes in life expectancy