unstructuredio/SCORE-Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 2.18k
(b) By anyone who is not a qualified licensed driver.
(c) By anyone without first obtaining your written consent on Page 2 of this Agreement.
(d) By anyone under the influence of drugs or intoxicants.
(e) By anyone who obtained the vehicle by fraud, or misrepresentation.
(f) For any illegal purpose.
(g) To carry persons of property for hire.
(h) To race or test the speed of the vehicle.
(i) To teach a person without a license how to operate the vehicle.
(j) To propel or tow any object.
(k) On other than a public highway or graded private road or driveway.
(l) To intentionally cause damage to or loss to the vehicle.
(m) In commission of a felony.
12. Illegal Uses of Vehicle. I agree that it shall be a violation of this Agreement if the vehicle is used in violation of any laws or ordinances applicable to the operation, use, or return of the vehicle, or if vehicle is operated in a negligent manner.
13. GPS Tracking Device. Vehicle may be equipped with a gps tracking device. GPS Tracking Device may be used for vehicle recovery.
14. You Are Not Responsible for Property in Vehicle. You will not be responsible for the loss or damage to any property, whether mine or not, left at any time in or on the vehicle at your rental office, even if in your possession, no matter who is at fault. I will be responsible to you for all claims made by others for any loss or damages.
15. Responsibility for Damages. I am responsible and will pay you for all loss, and damage to the vehicle, regardless of who is at fault.
(a) The amount shown in the area labeled “Collision Damage Waiver,” if I initialed the box on Page 3 labeled “I do not accept” at the time of rental.
(b) I understand that Collision Damage Waiver is NOT insurance. If I violate any of the terms of this Agreement, I will be responsible for the full amount of damages, even if I initialed the box labeled Collision Damage Waiver. I understand that my Personal Insurance Policy may cover damage to your car and I understand that I shall consult my insurer to determine the scope of coverage.
(c) If the law of jurisdiction covering this rental requires conditions on physical damage responsibility that are different than the terms of this agreement, that law prevails.
(16) Liability Insurance. You comply with the requirements of Financial Responsibility Laws applicable to vehicle owners by means of insurance, bond, certificate of self-insurance, or other means or a combination therof. I understand that this agreement does not afford me or any other operator any insurance or protection against liability. If, by operation of law, you are required to provide a driver with protection from liability, such protection shall be limited in amount and scope to the minimum required by law and shall be excess of any applicable liability insurance. You and I agree that, to the extent permitted by law, uninsured and underinsured motorist protection is waived and rejected, regardless of any other protection which may be inferred by operation of law.
17. When There is No Coverage. I understand that there is no insurance coverage if I violate any of the terms of this Agreement. I understand that all liability and physical damage coverage is void in Mexico and Canada. I will be responsible to you or your insurance company for all claims made by others for physical injury or property damage if I violate this Agreement.
18. Reporting Accidents. I agree to report immediately, within 24 hours, to the renting office and to the policy, any accident involving the vehicle. I will promptly deliver to the renting office, or to your insurer, every process, pleading or notice of any kind which I may receive concerning a lawsuit arising from the accident. I shall not in any manner aid or abet any claimant, but agree to cooperate fully with your insurer in all matters connected with the investigation and defense of any claim or suit.
19. I Will Pay for Fines and Penalties. I will pay all fines, court costs, penalties, forfeitures and other expenses for parking, traffic or other violations while the vehicle is rented to me. I will be responsible to you for all claims made by others for payment of any violation.
20. Relation With You. I am not your agent nor employee, nor is my conduct subject to your control for any purpose.
21. Assignment of Transfer. I will not transfer nor assign this Agreement of the vehicle to any other person.
22. Changes. Any change in this Agreement must be in writing and signed by one of your officers, and by me.
23. Complete Agreement. This Agreement is the whole agreement between you and me. No other agreements, promises or responsibilities exist between you and me.
24. True Information. All information that I gave you is true.
25. Failure to Return Keys. I violate the terms of this Agreement if I do not or cannot return the keys to the vehicle.
25. Prohibited by Law. If any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law, it shall not affect the remaining provisions.


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V2.0
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CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP
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TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE R&D
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Part II provides technical perspectives on the cyber security and information assurance R&D topics identified in Part I. The R&D topics are grouped into eight broad categories. Each technical perspective, prepared and reviewed by agency officials with expertise in the topic, describes the topic and its importance, the state of the art, and gaps in current capabilities.
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1. FUNCTIONAL CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE
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The R&D topics in this category address technologies and capabilities that minimize the impact of compromises or potential compromises of data, networks, and systems, or that enable them to prevent, detect, resist, or respond to attacks. Topics in this category are:
Authentication, authorization, and trust management
Access control and privilege management
Attack protection, prevention, and preemption
Large-scale cyber situational awareness
Automated attack detection, warning, and response
Insider threat detection and mitigation
Detection of hidden information and covert information flows
Recovery and reconstitution
Forensics, traceback, and attribution
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1.1 Authentication, Authorization, and Trust Management
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Definition
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Authentication is the process of verifying the identity or authority of a network or system user (which can be a human user or a computer-based process or device) through a secure means such as digital signatures, passwords, tokens, or biometric features. Authorization, which takes place after authentication, refers to the privileges granted to an authenticated user who has requested access to services or resources. (Section 1.2 discusses access control in greater detail.) Authentication and authorization are interdependent; authorization to use a network or system resource frequently includes establishing the identity of the user requesting access (e.g., identity-based authentication) or verifying that a trusted third party has certified that the user is entitled to the access requested (e.g., credential-based authentication). Privilege is a security attribute shared by users whose identities have been authenticated. Cross-domain credentialing allows distinct systems, connected across a network, to provide access based on the secure identification procedure performed by one of the other networked systems. Trust management consists of making assessments of sets of credentials to determine whether they constitute adequate evidence for authorization.
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31
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FEDERAL PLAN FOR CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE R&D
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Functional Cyber Security
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End
next-generation systems that are fundamentally more robust and resilient. Furthermore, organizations need to abandon the view that any single product can secure its IT infrastructure. Rather, the focus should be on developing an integrated set of tools and techniques that provide a comprehensive, layered, enterprise-wide attack protection, prevention, and preemption solution.
Proactive behavior-based systems may offer the best option for developing the next generation of attack protection, prevention, and preemption capabilities. These systems will not depend on signatures or rules to identify attacks. Proactive behavior-based tools identify precursor events early in the attack timeline. These systems, when the technologies mature, will provide the capability to identify and preempt unknown and novel attacks. Some research has been done in this area, and early attempts at behavior-based responses are starting to emerge in commercial products. This work should be continued with the
goal of making robust products available, and it should be expanded to include the capabilities highlighted below.
Protection is needed at all layers of a protocol stack, such as the seven-layer International Standards Organization (ISO)/Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Technical Reference Model (TRM) (see box below). Current attack preemption R&D primarily addresses Layer 3 (network layer) attacks generated by outsiders. Additional protection, prevention, and preemption features and functionality that are needed include a host-based intrusion prevention capability that is independent of the platform, operating system, and applications.
Related research is needed to increase and verify the robustness and resilience of networks, systems, and components to withstand attacks, especially unknown or novel attacks. Work is also needed to improve the ability of networks, systems, and components to
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ISO/OSI Technical Reference Model Layers
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Layer 1 – Physical
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This layer conveys the bit stream – electrical impulse, light or radio signal – through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards, and other physical aspects.
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Layer 2 – Data Link
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At this layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control, and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sublayers: the Media Access Control layer and the Logical Link Control layer.
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(b) By anyone who is not a qualified licensed driver.

(c) By anyone without first obtaining your written consent on Page 2 of this Agreement.

(d) By anyone under the influence of drugs or intoxicants.

(e) By anyone who obtained the vehicle by fraud, or misrepresentation.

(f) For any illegal purpose.

(g) To carry persons of property for hire.

(h) To race or test the speed of the vehicle.

(i) To teach a person without a license how to operate the vehicle.

(j) To propel or tow any object.

(k) On other than a public highway or graded private road or driveway.

(l) To intentionally cause damage to or loss to the vehicle.

(m) In commission of a felony.

12. Illegal Uses of Vehicle. I agree that it shall be a violation of this Agreement if the vehicle is used in violation of any laws or ordinances applicable to the operation, use, or return of the vehicle, or if vehicle is operated in a negligent manner.

13. GPS Tracking Device. Vehicle may be equipped with a gps tracking device. GPS Tracking Device may be used for vehicle recovery.

14. You Are Not Responsible for Property in Vehicle. You will not be responsible for the loss or damage to any property, whether mine or not, left at any time in or on the vehicle at your rental office, even if in your possession, no matter who is at fault. I will be responsible to you for all claims made by others for any loss or damages.

15. Responsibility for Damages. I am responsible and will pay you for all loss, and damage to the vehicle, regardless of who is at fault.

(a) The amount shown in the area labeled “Collision Damage Waiver,” if I initialed the box on Page 3 labeled “I do not accept” at the time of rental.

(b) I understand that Collision Damage Waiver is NOT insurance. If I violate any of the terms of this Agreement, I will be responsible for the full amount of damages, even if I initialed the box labeled Collision Damage Waiver. I understand that my Personal Insurance Policy may cover damage to your car and I understand that I shall consult my insurer to determine the scope of coverage.

(c) If the law of jurisdiction covering this rental requires conditions on physical damage responsibility that are different than the terms of this agreement, that law prevails.

(16) Liability Insurance. You comply with the requirements of Financial Responsibility Laws applicable to vehicle owners by means of insurance, bond, certificate of self-insurance, or other means or a combination therof. I understand that this agreement does not afford me or any other operator any insurance or protection against liability. If, by operation of law, you are required to provide a driver with protection from liability, such protection shall be limited in amount and scope to the minimum required by law and shall be excess of any applicable liability insurance. You and I agree that, to the extent permitted by law, uninsured and underinsured motorist protection is waived and rejected, regardless of any other protection which may be inferred by operation of law.

17. When There is No Coverage. I understand that there is no insurance coverage if I violate any of the terms of this Agreement. I understand that all liability and physical damage coverage is void in Mexico and Canada. I will be responsible to you or your insurance company for all claims made by others for physical injury or property damage if I violate this Agreement.

18. Reporting Accidents. I agree to report immediately, within 24 hours, to the renting office and to the policy, any accident involving the vehicle. I will promptly deliver to the renting office, or to your insurer, every process, pleading or notice of any kind which I may receive concerning a lawsuit arising from the accident. I shall not in any manner aid or abet any claimant, but agree to cooperate fully with your insurer in all matters connected with the investigation and defense of any claim or suit.

19. I Will Pay for Fines and Penalties. I will pay all fines, court costs, penalties, forfeitures and other expenses for parking, traffic or other violations while the vehicle is rented to me. I will be responsible to you for all claims made by others for payment of any violation.

20. Relation With You. I am not your agent nor employee, nor is my conduct subject to your control for any purpose.

21. Assignment of Transfer. I will not transfer nor assign this Agreement of the vehicle to any other person.

22. Changes. Any change in this Agreement must be in writing and signed by one of your officers, and by me.

23. Complete Agreement. This Agreement is the whole agreement between you and me. No other agreements, promises or responsibilities exist between you and me.

24. True Information. All information that I gave you is true.

25. Failure to Return Keys. I violate the terms of this Agreement if I do not or cannot return the keys to the vehicle.

25. Prohibited by Law. If any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law, it shall not affect the remaining provisions.

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V2.0

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--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin

CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin

TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE R&D

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End

Part II provides technical perspectives on the cyber security and information assurance R&D topics identified in Part I. The R&D topics are grouped into eight broad categories. Each technical perspective, prepared and reviewed by agency officials with expertise in the topic, describes the topic and its importance, the state of the art, and gaps in current capabilities.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin

1. FUNCTIONAL CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE

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The R&D topics in this category address technologies and capabilities that minimize the impact of compromises or potential compromises of data, networks, and systems, or that enable them to prevent, detect, resist, or respond to attacks. Topics in this category are:

Authentication, authorization, and trust management

Access control and privilege management

Attack protection, prevention, and preemption

Large-scale cyber situational awareness

Automated attack detection, warning, and response

Insider threat detection and mitigation

Detection of hidden information and covert information flows

Recovery and reconstitution

Forensics, traceback, and attribution

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

1.1 Authentication, Authorization, and Trust Management

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

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Definition

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Authentication is the process of verifying the identity or authority of a network or system user (which can be a human user or a computer-based process or device) through a secure means such as digital signatures, passwords, tokens, or biometric features. Authorization, which takes place after authentication, refers to the privileges granted to an authenticated user who has requested access to services or resources. (Section 1.2 discusses access control in greater detail.) Authentication and authorization are interdependent; authorization to use a network or system resource frequently includes establishing the identity of the user requesting access (e.g., identity-based authentication) or verifying that a trusted third party has certified that the user is entitled to the access requested (e.g., credential-based authentication). Privilege is a security attribute shared by users whose identities have been authenticated. Cross-domain credentialing allows distinct systems, connected across a network, to provide access based on the secure identification procedure performed by one of the other networked systems. Trust management consists of making assessments of sets of credentials to determine whether they constitute adequate evidence for authorization.

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31

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FEDERAL PLAN FOR CYBER SECURITY AND INFORMATION ASSURANCE R&D

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Functional Cyber Security

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next-generation systems that are fundamentally more robust and resilient. Furthermore, organizations need to abandon the view that any single product can secure its IT infrastructure. Rather, the focus should be on developing an integrated set of tools and techniques that provide a comprehensive, layered, enterprise-wide attack protection, prevention, and preemption solution.

Proactive behavior-based systems may offer the best option for developing the next generation of attack protection, prevention, and preemption capabilities. These systems will not depend on signatures or rules to identify attacks. Proactive behavior-based tools identify precursor events early in the attack timeline. These systems, when the technologies mature, will provide the capability to identify and preempt unknown and novel attacks. Some research has been done in this area, and early attempts at behavior-based responses are starting to emerge in commercial products. This work should be continued with the

goal of making robust products available, and it should be expanded to include the capabilities highlighted below.

Protection is needed at all layers of a protocol stack, such as the seven-layer International Standards Organization (ISO)/Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Technical Reference Model (TRM) (see box below). Current attack preemption R&D primarily addresses Layer 3 (network layer) attacks generated by outsiders. Additional protection, prevention, and preemption features and functionality that are needed include a host-based intrusion prevention capability that is independent of the platform, operating system, and applications.

Related research is needed to increase and verify the robustness and resilience of networks, systems, and components to withstand attacks, especially unknown or novel attacks. Work is also needed to improve the ability of networks, systems, and components to

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin

ISO/OSI Technical Reference Model Layers

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

Layer 1 – Physical

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

This layer conveys the bit stream – electrical impulse, light or radio signal – through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards, and other physical aspects.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

Layer 2 – Data Link

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

At this layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control, and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sublayers: the Media Access Control layer and the Logical Link Control layer.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin