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UNIQUE_STORY_INDEX
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12,379
12379
108
3
0
A navigable channel, formed by a series of man-made lakes between Minneapolis and St. Louis, Missouri, some 664 miles .
664
12,380
12380
85
4
0
The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca, 1475 feet above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, Minnesota.
1,475
12,381
12381
40
3
0
Above the dam, the river's elevation is 799 feet .
799
12,382
12382
40
3
0
Below the dam, the river's elevation is 750 feet .
750
12,383
12383
5
2
0
This 49 feet drop is the largest of all the Mississippi River locks and dams.
49
12,384
12384
152
2
0
The Upper Mississippi has a number of natural and artificial lakes, with its widest point being Lake Winnibigoshish, near Grand Rapids, Minnesota, over 11 miles across.
11
12,385
12385
43
1
0
7, near La Crosse, Wisconsin, is more than 4 miles wide.
4
12,386
12386
135
1
0
Lake Pepin, a natural lake formed behind the delta of the Chippewa River of Wisconsin as it enters the Upper Mississippi, is more than 2 miles wide.
2
12,387
12387
63
3
0
1, it has dropped more than half its original elevation and is 687 feet above sea level.
687
12,388
12388
155
3
0
The Mississippi River is known as the Middle Mississippi from the Upper Mississippi River's confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri, for 190 miles to its confluence with the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois.
190
12,390
12390
65
3
0
At its confluence with the Ohio River, the Middle Mississippi is 315 feet above sea level.
315
12,391
12391
156
4
0
The Mississippi River is called the Lower Mississippi River from its confluence with the Ohio River to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 1000 miles .
1,000
12,393
12393
95
3
0
The widest point of the Mississippi River is in the Lower Mississippi portion where it exceeds 1.0 miles in width in several places.
1
12,394
12394
27
7
0
The basin covers more than 1245000 sqmi , including all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.
1,245,000
12,395
12395
105
5
0
The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14440 feet .
14,440
12,396
12396
60
3
0
The Mississippi River empties into the Gulf of Mexico about 100 miles downstream from New Orleans.
100
12,397
12397
152
4
0
Measurements of the length of the Mississippi from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico vary somewhat, but the United States Geological Survey's number is 2320 miles .
2,320
12,401
12401
54
2
0
A major flood in 1881 caused it to overtake the lower 10 miles of the Kaskaskia River, forming a new Mississippi channel and cutting off the town from the rest of the state.
10
12,402
12402
21
4
0
Today, the remaining 2300 acres island and community of 14 residents is known as an enclave of Illinois and is accessible only from the Missouri side.
2,300
12,403
12403
90
4
0
When measured from its traditional source at Lake Itasca, the Mississippi has a length of 2320 miles .
2,320
12,404
12404
162
4
0
When measured from its longest stream source (most distant source from the sea), Brower's Spring in Montana, the source of the Missouri River, it has a length of 3710 miles , making it the fourth longest river in the world after the Nile, Amazon, and Yangtze.
3,710
12,405
12405
61
1
0
At its source at Lake Itasca, the Mississippi River is about 3 feet deep.
3
12,406
12406
102
2
0
Between Saint Louis, Missouri, where the Missouri River joins and Cairo, Illinois, the depth averages 30 feet .
30
12,407
12407
66
3
0
The deepest part of the river is in New Orleans, where it reaches 200 feet deep.
200
12,408
12408
95
4
0
When completed in 1874, it was the longest arch bridge in the world, with an overall length of 6442 feet .
6,442
12,409
12409
131
1
0
A series of 29 locks and dams on the upper Mississippi, most of which were built in the 1930s, is designed primarily to maintain a 9 feet channel for commercial barge traffic.
9
12,411
12411
68
2
0
There is a feasibility study to dredge this portion of the river to 50 feet to allow New Panamax ship depths.
50
12,412
12412
33
2
0
The Des Moines Rapids were about 11 miles long and just above the mouth of the Des Moines River at Keokuk, Iowa.
11
12,413
12413
55
1
0
The Corps of Engineers recommended the excavation of a 5 feet channel at the Des Moines Rapids, but work did not begin until after Lieutenant Robert E. Lee endorsed the project in 1837.
5
12,414
12414
54
1
0
In 1878, Congress authorized the Corps to establish a 4 feet channel to be obtained by building wing dams that direct the river to a narrow channel causing it to cut a deeper channel, by closing secondary channels and by dredging.
4
12,417
12417
46
1
0
27), which consists of a low-water dam and an 8 miles canal, was added in 1953, just below the confluence with the Missouri River, primarily to bypass a series of rock ledges at St. Louis.
8
12,418
12418
95
1
0
When he found the Chicago Portage, he remarked that a canal of "only half a league" (less than 2 miles ) would join the Mississippi and the Great Lakes.
2
12,419
12419
15
3
0
In 1718, about 100 miles upriver, New Orleans was established along the river crescent by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, with construction patterned after the 1711 resettlement on Mobile Bay of Mobile, the capital of French Louisiana at the time.
100
12,422
12422
52
2
0
In 1988, the water level of the Mississippi fell to 10 feet below zero on the Memphis gauge.
10
12,423
12423
68
1
0
The remains of wooden-hulled water craft were exposed in an area of 4 acres on the bottom of the Mississippi River at West Memphis, Arkansas.
4
12,425
12425
76
2
0
He later performed the first water ski jump in 1925 and was pulled along at 80 mph by a Curtiss flying boat later that year.
80
12,426
12426
5
5
0
With 86943 sqmi , Retrieved on July 4, 2009.
86,943
12,427
12427
78
2
0
The state's high point is Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m), which is only 13 miles away from the low point of 601 feet (183 m) at the shore of Lake Superior.
13
12,428
12428
8
3
0
title = 118 kilometers SW of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
118
12,429
12429
93
2
0
The state's nickname "Land of 10,000 Lakes" is apt, as there are 11,842 Minnesota lakes over 10 acres in size.
10
12,431
12431
74
5
0
Minnesota has 6,564 natural rivers and streams that cumulatively flow for 69000 miles .
69,000
12,432
12432
104
3
0
The Mississippi River begins its journey from its headwaters at Lake Itasca and crosses the Iowa border 680 miles downstream.
680
12,433
12433
14
2
0
Approximately 10 million acres of wetlands are within Minnesota's borders, the most of any state except Alaska.
10
12,434
12434
58
4
0
Eagle Mountain, the highest natural point in Minnesota at 2301 feet , is in the state's northeast.
2,301
12,435
12435
253
6
0
Much of Minnesota's northern forest has undergone logging, leaving only a few patches of old growth forest today in areas such as in the Chippewa National Forest and the Superior National Forest, where the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness has some 400000 acres of unlogged land.
400,000
12,438
12438
52
1
0
The Chippewa and Superior national forests comprise 5 million acres .
5
12,439
12439
64
2
0
The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MNRRA) is a 72 miles corridor along the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis–St.
72
12,440
12440
17
5
0
There are almost 20000 miles of snowmobile trails statewide.
20,000
12,441
12441
116
3
0
Minnesota has more miles of bike trails than any other state, and a growing network of hiking trails, including the 235 miles Superior Hiking Trail in the northeast.
235
12,442
12442
88
4
0
Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for 2341 miles before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri.
2,341
12,443
12443
102
3
0
Meanders have been cut and the river channelized to improve navigation, reducing its length by almost 200 miles from pre-development times.
200
12,444
12444
62
4
0
The longest begins near Brower's Spring in southwest Montana, 9100 feet above sea level on the southeastern slopes of Mount Jefferson in the Centennial Mountains.
9,100
12,446
12446
31
6
0
With a drainage basin spanning 529350 sqmi ,
529,350
12,448
12448
46
4
0
The Mississippi River flows for approximately 1172 miles above St. Louis, which is just over half of the Missouri's length.
1,172
12,449
12449
34
6
0
The Mississippi drains an area of 172200 sqmi above the confluence with the Missouri River.
172,200
12,450
12450
15
6
0
With more than 170000 sqmi under the plow, the Missouri River watershed includes roughly one-fourth of all the agricultural land in the United States, providing more than a third of the country's wheat, flax, barley and oats.
170,000
12,451
12451
14
5
0
However, only 11000 sqmi of farmland in the basin is irrigated.
11,000
12,452
12452
10
6
0
A further 281000 sqmi of the basin is devoted to the raising of livestock, mainly cattle.
281,000
12,453
12453
67
5
0
Forested areas of the watershed, mostly second-growth, total about 43700 sqmi .
43,700
12,454
12454
51
5
0
Urban areas, on the other hand, comprise less than 13000 sqmi of land.
13,000
12,456
12456
17
4
0
The river drops 8626 feet from Brower's Spring, the farthest source.
8,626
12,458
12458
129
2
0
However, the westernmost portions of the basin in the Rockies as well as southeastern regions in Missouri may receive as much as 40 inches .
40
12,459
12459
151
5
0
Winter temperatures in the northern and western portions of the basin typically drop to -20 °F (-29 °C) or lower every winter with extremes as low as -60.0 Farad , while summer highs occasionally exceed 100 °F (38 °C) in all areas except the higher elevations of Montana, Wyoming and Colorado.
-60
12,462
12462
73
3
0
On the other end of the scale is the tiny Roe River in Montana, which at 201 feet long is one the world's shortest rivers.
201
12,463
12463
51
3
0
The main stem of the Kansas River, for example, is 148 miles long.
148
12,465
12465
75
3
0
Measured to the farthest source at Brower's Spring, the Jefferson River is 298 miles long.
298
12,466
12466
74
4
0
Thus measured to its highest headwaters, the Missouri River stretches for 2639 miles .
2,639
12,467
12467
136
4
0
When combined with the lower Mississippi, the Missouri and its headwaters form part of the fourth-longest river system in the world, at 3745 miles .
3,745
12,471
12471
32
6
0
This is from a drainage area of 186400 sqmi , or 35% of the total river basin.
186,400
12,473
12473
28
6
0
The river here drains about 484100 sqmi , representing about 91% of the entire basin.
484,100
12,475
12475
6
6
0
About 522500 sqmi , or 98.7% of the watershed, lies above Hermann.
522,500
12,479
12479
162
3
0
As the lakes rose, the water in them often spilled across adjacent local drainage divides, creating now-abandoned channels and coulees including the Shonkin Sag, 100 miles long.
100
12,481
12481
171
3
0
In addition, they later learned that the Mississippi drained into the Gulf of Mexico and not the Pacific as they had originally presumed; the expedition turned back about 440 miles short of the Gulf at the confluence of the Arkansas River with the Mississippi.
440
12,482
12482
72
2
0
The two set out along the Missouri, and established Fort Charles about 20 miles south of present-day Sioux City as a winter camp in 1795.
20
12,483
12483
32
2
0
The dam lies directly above the 87 feet Big Falls, the largest waterfall of the Missouri.
87
12,484
12484
18
2
0
Holter Dam, about 45 miles downstream of Helena, was the third hydroelectric dam built on this stretch of the Missouri River.
45
12,485
12485
93
6
0
These consequences were pronounced in North Dakota's Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, where 150000 acres of land was taken by the construction of Garrison Dam.
150,000
12,488
12488
153
4
0
Along with nearly 100 smaller dams on tributaries, namely the Bighorn, Platte, Kansas, and Osage Rivers, the system provides irrigation water to nearly 7500 sqmi of land.
7,500
12,489
12489
88
2
0
"Long Pool" is the name used by area residents to refer to the smooth, almost lake-like 55 miles stretch of the Missouri between the Black Eagle Dam and the town of Cascade.
55
12,490
12490
11
1
0
Only about 2 miles of the so-called Long Pool are actually part of the impoundment behind the dam.
2
12,492
12492
78
3
0
In 1925, the USACE began a project to widen the river's navigation channel to 200 feet ; two years later, they began dredging a deep-water channel from Kansas City to Sioux City.
200
12,495
12495
44
3
0
During work that continues to this day, the 735 miles navigation channel from Sioux City to St. Louis has been controlled by building rock dikes to direct the river's flow and scour out sediments, sealing and cutting off meanders and side channels, and dredging the riverbed.
735
12,496
12496
99
3
0
Almost all of the barge traffic on the Missouri River ships sand and gravel dredged from the lower 500 miles of the river; the remaining portion of the shipping channel now sees little to no use by commercial vessels.
500
12,497
12497
32
3
0
The Lower Missouri River is the 840 miles of river below Gavins Point until it meets the Mississippi just above St. Louis.
840
12,503
12503
74
6
0
Many dams and bank stabilization projects have been built to help convert 300000 acres of Missouri River floodplain to agricultural land.
300,000
12,504
12504
20
5
0
By 2001, there were 87000 acres of riverside floodplain undergoing active restoration.
87,000
12,506
12506
52
2
0
Part of the Missouri National Recreational River, a 98 miles preserved stretch of the Missouri on the border of South Dakota and Nebraska
98
12,507
12507
10
4
0
With over 1500 sqmi of open water, the six reservoirs of the Missouri River Mainstem System provide some of the main recreational areas within the basin.
1,500
12,508
12508
50
4
0
The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, some 3700 miles long, follows nearly the entire Missouri River from its mouth to its source, retracing the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
3,700
12,509
12509
140
2
0
The Missouri National Recreational River consists of portions of the Missouri downstream from Fort Randall and Gavins Point Dams that total 98 miles .
98
12,510
12510
44
3
0
Downstream from Great Falls, Montana, about 149 miles of the river course through a rugged series of canyons and badlands known as the Missouri Breaks.
149
12,511
12511
142
6
0
This part of the river, designated a U.S. National Wild and Scenic River in 1976, flows within the Upper Missouri Breaks National Monument, a 375000 acres preserve comprising steep cliffs, deep gorges, arid plains, badlands, archaeological sites, and whitewater rapids on the Missouri itself.
375,000
12,513
12513
144
2
0
Parts of other rivers in the basin are set aside for preservation and recreational use – notably the Niobrara National Scenic River, which is a 76 miles protected stretch of the Niobrara River, one of the Missouri's longest tributaries.
76
12,514
12514
73
2
0
Their calculations indicated that it was within an order of magnitude of 10 kilograms , which was small enough to be carried by a bomber of the day.
10
12,515
12515
29
7
0
In 1944, the Trust purchased 3440000 pounds of uranium oxide ore from companies operating mines in the Belgian Congo.
3,440,000
12,516
12516
124
5
0
On 29 September 1942, United States Under Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson authorized the Corps of Engineers to acquire 56000 acres of land by eminent domain at a cost of $3.5 million.
56,000
12,517
12517
14
4
0
An additional 3000 acres was subsequently acquired.
3,000
12,519
12519
63
5
0
Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard granted use of some 45100 acres of United States Forest Service land to the War Department "for so long as the military necessity continues".
45,100
12,521
12521
41
4
0
In July, Nichols arranged for a lease of 1025 acres from the Cook County Forest Preserve District, and Captain James F. Grafton was appointed Chicago area engineer.
1,025
12,522
12522
119
1
0
After the war, the operations that remained at Red Gate moved to the new site of the Argonne National Laboratory about 6 miles away.
6