id stringlengths 5 6 | input stringlengths 3 301 | output list | meta null |
|---|---|---|---|
26v2kc | What does it mean when one has a 'teleological view of history'? | [
{
"answer": "To build a bit on /u/Sherbert42's answer: teleology (in a historiographical sense) is a form of historical enquiry which attempts to construct a narrative view of history as a progressive march in one direction; towards an inevitable end point. \n\nTo give one particularly notable and illustrative ... | null |
30ovf4 | if my bathroom scale shows different numbers around the house, which number should i trust? | [
{
"answer": "Whichever is the correct one. There's no way of knowing which is the correct one, other than weighing yourself on another scale, perhaps at a doctor's office. If you think the differences are because of the crooked floor, try to find a place in your house where the floor isn't crooked. Maybe even t... | null |
34hb4y | how family guy uses brand names so frequently, but no other cartoon can. | [
{
"answer": "Any TV show can mention brand names.\n\nThey usually don't, because:\n\n* it makes sit harder to place ads for that product and its competitors\n* it can date the show and make it less desirable in syndication\n* viewers often have strong brand affinities, and might not relate to characters who use... | null |
4bsx5d | if passwords for websites are suppose to be encrypted or only known to the user, how come some websites can tell me i have entered a password i changed years ago? | [
{
"answer": "They don't know the password, but they do know when you have set it. You tell them the password when you set it, but they don't remember the password, only its \"checksum\", or \"salted hash\", and forget the original password. which can be calculated from the original password and data that don't ... | null |
1qn8z4 | if i kept switching out older body parts of mine with healthier ones as i grew up, could i live forever? | [
{
"answer": "Your brain cells will eventually age and die. If you replace those you can technically live forever, but will you still really be yourself?\n\nThis concept has been debated since the Ancient Greeks _URL_0_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wi... | null |
17anc6 | the observer effect, the measurement problem and the 'conscious observer' of quantum mechanics? | [
{
"answer": "The \"observer effect\" and \"measurement\" problems are commonly misrepresented on the internet by people who are obsessed with new-age pseudoscience. It has nothing to do with conciousness or anything magical. To put it in ELI5 terms:\n\nImagine that we you are blindfolded and sitting in a chair.... | null |
3awry9 | why are dj's treated like artists, with a stage name and everything, and their own 'shows' people get tickets to, when they just play other people's copyrighted music? | [
{
"answer": "Their art isn't in the music itself, but in the selection, order, and pacing of the music. They have to pick the right songs to fit the mood, then put them in the right order, at the right pace, to get the feeling that they're looking for. DJs are essentially the audio version of collage artists. A... | null |
5zc08e | what exactly was dialup and why couldn't you use the phone at the same time? | [
{
"answer": "The computer sent data through the phone line. Since the phone line transmits sound data - the computer was literally generating sounds that could be interpreted as data - high and low pitched squeals that represent the data you are sending or receiving. It was like a very rapid morse code.\n\nIf... | null |
7ak01b | Why don't modern cellphones create interferences near speakers any more? | [
{
"answer": "So, for our friends that don't know, the buzzing is a signal in the AM range.\n\nThe effect is well known since the rollout of GSM in Europe begun (see Stephen Temple's _\"Inside the Mobile Revolution_\", Ch. 22). What's happening is that in TDMA, each transmitter gets a time slot in which to trans... | null |
2ropnt | whats going on with the statehood movement in puerto rico as of now? | [
{
"answer": "There was a non-binding referendum is 2012, but most people see it for the sham it was.\n\nThe pro-statehood ruling party rigged it so they first asked if they people preferred the status quo, then asked the remaining people if the wanted statehood. If they asked the questions in the other order, ... | null |
2rt09c | How do deaf people perceive heavy bass sounds? | [
{
"answer": "I'll take a shot at this. I think many people will agree they can \"feel\" low-frequency (bass) sounds in their chest when loud enough. We can perceive this vibration in our bodies with other senses, probably [somatosensation](_URL_3_) (i.e. touch), perhaps with [proprioception](_URL_0_). I found [... | null |
9l712w | Before the Augustus founded the empire, the Roman republic was plagued with civil wars. Why didn't the Parthians invade? | [
{
"answer": "They did...it's all over the sources...\n\nThe Parthians crossed the Euphrates only twice. In 51 Cicero feared a Parthian invasion into Cilicia, but it did not materialize, and the brief Parthian campaign following Crassus' defeat fizzled out quickly. Plutarch claims that Pompey reached out to the ... | null |
b48zht | Can bacteria feel pain? | [
{
"answer": "Not in any sense of the term that would make sense from a human perspective, for sure: by definition, single-celled organisms don't have nerve cells, and what we call \"pain\" is entirely a nervous-system response to various stimuli.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"proven... | null |
2q7wq7 | What is Bell's Inequality and how does it work? | [
{
"answer": "It is a response to the famous EPR (Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen) paper written in 1935 where they described a thought experiment leading to what we today know as quantum entanglement. Or to quote them: \"spooky action at a distance\". \n\nEntanglement can be briefly explained by two entangled elec... | null |
g3oe4 | Can any experts comment on this article about the nuclear reactors in Japan please? | [
{
"answer": "Seems like a fairly in-depth article. Not sure why people would call it anti-science as such, everything I read was more or less what I have read elsewhere.\n\nWhat does worry me was the section about mobile generators being brought in to provide power for the cooling but the \"plug not fitting\". ... | null |
46gpem | what is being done in the world of science to offset the imposing "antibiotic apocalypse?" | [
{
"answer": "I recently had to watch this video in my biology class and it explains how bacteria \"talk\" with each other and how we can use their \"language\" to enhance or inhibit their communication. _URL_0_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "[Here is an article you may want to read](_URL_0_) I... | null |
134pxi | What animal has the worst common cause of death? | [
{
"answer": "Manatees getting hit by propellors and bleeding out. Usually they get hit multiple time in their life, and are killed by particularly brutal hits.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Elephants often lose their teeth at around 40-60 years of age and die of starvation.",
"provenance"... | null |
3s2coq | the current global warming is very concerning, but there was global warming about 1000 years ago called the "medieval warm period" - how many other such warming periods have there been and why is the current one so different? | [
{
"answer": "The medieval warm period was not as extreme, and came on much more gradually. The current one has been sudden and steady, and we have a clear cause for it: increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. We've increased the atmosphere's carbon dioxide content by 1/3, for example - that's a huge effec... | null |
6zv9d5 | what decides whether something will release alpha, beta, or gamma radiation? | [
{
"answer": "Type of radiation is determined by the material that emits it. Gamma radiation is electomagnetic radiation, like radio waves, microwave, x-rays, gamma rays... they are typically formed when a charge (electron) is accelerated or decelerated or moved in a circular path (which is an acceleration btw).... | null |
irzg2 | What would be the effects of a normal diet that was entirely liquids? | [
{
"answer": "People survive quite well on liquid diets for long periods of time. Google might turn up more information if you search for [tube feeding](_URL_0_). For people who can't tolerate solid food for any reason, a tube can be placed through the nose or through an incision into the stomach, and fluid give... | null |
6me75a | How do we know which way up a planet is? | [
{
"answer": "All planets in the Solar System orbit in almost the same plane, and their axes of rotation are almost perpendicular to such plane. (Only exception is Uranus). So you can define East as the direction the planet is rotating, and North as 90° left of the East.\n\nWe also have reference frames and coor... | null |
12qdei | Is it true that a third of the knights in the battle of Agincourt were over 50? | [
{
"answer": "Where did you hear this if I may ask? ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Well life expectancy is a very skewed statistic, because infant mortality deflates it substantially. The upper-classes could expect to live to the beginning of what we'd call \"old-age\" (about 60s, 70 and above... | null |
9vcmlj | why do fireworks look so bad on film/video, yet look good irl? | [
{
"answer": "Fireworks can look great on video if you have a good enough camera. Cheap cameras, like the ones in our phones, can't handle low light conditions very well and have a hard time focusing on the rapid flashes coming from a firework. The camera is constantly trying to auto focus but can't, resulting i... | null |
1vnkb2 | how 2 wifi routers on the same channel can interoperate without completely jamming each other's signal? | [
{
"answer": "It's FM, and you know what happens to FM signals when 2 people try the repeater at the same time, with equal power. It's unreadable. Yes, the wifi points would jam each other too. \n\nThey can interoperate only because packets are short bursts and can be error corrected. They don't route the other ... | null |
2i2ojt | how do you steer a gunship? or a clipper? or large sailship in general? | [
{
"answer": "On most boats, the rudder is, in fact, the principle steering device.\n\nThe sails on sailing vessels generally do not \"steer\" the boat. However, they must be re-positioned when the boat changes direction or when the wind direction changes, to maximize the thrust provided by the sails, using the... | null |
17w2jw | How definitive are the DNA results on the Richard III skeleton? | [
{
"answer": "[Here is a link to an article describing how they did the DNA analysis](_URL_0_) I will summarize it's points.\n\nThey were able to get a good sample of the corpse's mitochondrial DNA, which is passed without combination from mother offspring. Then, through a historical analysis, they found two pe... | null |
3mmmhf | What was the anti masonic party and what happened to them? | [
{
"answer": "They were a political party formed in the wake of public outcry over an incident where some Masons in NY state were accused of kidnapping and possibly killing at fellow Mason (named Morgan) who had published an expose on the initiations.\n\nThis was in the 1820s.\n\nThe Anti-Masonic party was the m... | null |
1y8knm | Did the US ever try to convert Filipinos to Protestantism during their colonisation of the country? | [
{
"answer": "After the US colonized the Philippines the Catholic Church was disestablished, and was no longer the official religion. When that happened there was a large influx of Protestant missionaries of all denominations to the Philippines. Today, Protestants make up around 10% of the total population in th... | null |
4yyo7g | what's the difference b/w high quality and low quality meats? | [
{
"answer": "Meat from an animal that received high-quality feed is more chemically varied, and has more flavor. This is particularly noticeable in mild-tasting meat like chicken.\n\nHigh-quality beef typically has more fat mixed throughout (an effect called \"marbling\") which creates a richer taste and more d... | null |
19uudd | Why do we always put reactive materials in glass beakers/flasks/graduated cylinders etc.? | [
{
"answer": "In a nutshell, glass is very stable, and will not react easily with most compounds.\nThe class stays intact, the chemical stays the same, everyone is happy.\n\nHowever, some reagents are better kept in plastic containers such as polyethylene, or even quartz, because glass is not a magical non-react... | null |
2s02s5 | Why do the continents seem to migrate north, leaving a gap between antarctica and the rest of the world? | [
{
"answer": "It's random, mostly.\n\nPlate tectonics is driven by convection currents in the mantle under the crust. Most of the time, people only consider the major continents moving, but [the jigsaw puzzle is slightly more complicated](_URL_0_) than that. Numerous oceanic plates are jostling around too. \n... | null |
102oy2 | Would a nuclear bomb explode if you bomb it with an other bomb? | [
{
"answer": "No. There's a very critically timed cobination of events that have to happen to get a nuclear detonation. The worst that would happen is that you detonate the charge around the fissile material and produce a conventional 'Dirty' bomb.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Yes it can and ... | null |
lj4fp | If gravity is a pulling force, why is there no equivalent repulsive/anti gravity force? | [
{
"answer": "short answer to your question can be: because there is no matter with negative mass.\n\nall matter has positive energy (this statement is called \"weak energy condition\") and creates positive curvature of spacetime (positive and negative are subject to sign convention). effect of this \"positive\"... | null |
8w53u2 | what is the difference between an originalist interpretation and a "living document" interpretation when it comes to the u.s. supreme court? | [
{
"answer": "The idea is a debate about whether the founders wrote the thing to be specific, rigid, and amendable only through the amendment process...\n\nor whether the founders wrote the thing with deliberately looser language to take shifting societal norms into account.\n\nFor example, the 8th amendment pro... | null |
1l1xli | Slavery in ancient Greece | [
{
"answer": "Slaves in Greece were not a rare thing to see. It is certain that rural slavery was very common in Athens. It is estimated that every citizen in Athens had at least 1 slave so, to answer your question, high class people were not the only ones to have slaves.\nA slaves principal use was for agricult... | null |
3tfriq | The "Duel of Champions": how common was it? What was it's purpose? | [
{
"answer": "Been asked before a few times. The term for this is [Single Combat](_URL_0_).\n\n_URL_1_\n\n_URL_2_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I've talked about this wrt feudal Japan [here](_URL_0_). Also, a more common thing seen pre-Sengoku era was still duels between opposing soldiers, tho... | null |
1pq9hm | What mechanisms are behind stereotypical accents in people with English as a second language? | [
{
"answer": "**First the basics:**\n\nDifferent languages have different phonetic systems (where phonetics refers to the individual consonant vowel combinations that form the phonemes which establish contrast for word differentiation. You know \"bat\" and \"pat\" are different words because [b] and [p] are \"c... | null |
937w70 | How are ions made artificially? | [
{
"answer": "You usually just take regular atoms and rip off their electrons somehow (heat them up, subject them to strong electric fields, shoot them through stripper foils, or some combination of those).",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": ... | null |
4qjc30 | why can a laser be seen from miles away but a regular flashlight has such a limited range before the light fades? | [
{
"answer": "A laser tends to be very well focused, which means that its energy doesn't spread out that much as it travels. A flashlight, on the other hand, isn't focused that well, which means that its energy spreads out very quickly as it travels, so gets dimmer much faster than a laser does.",
"provenanc... | null |
231b89 | why can most people jump higher off of one leg, when clearly there is more power in two legs? | [
{
"answer": "momentum, jumping with two legs slows you down to an extent",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "because you're using your other leg for momentum.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Well, it's not all about raw power. The problem isn't being able to move upwards, you can c... | null |
1nkuc4 | How do flu shots work? | [
{
"answer": " > How does one shot protect you from all variations of flu?\n > Do they need to be topped up, as newer strains come into existence?\n\nOne shot contains vaccines for three different strains of flu. The CDC spends a LOT of time and effort every year trying to predict which three strains are most ... | null |
4b19e5 | I found this old helmet in an antique store, and I was wondering where it is from. | [
{
"answer": "Swedish M26 Army Helmet seems to be the one, \n_URL_0_\n\nHeres some info on it. \n\n_URL_1_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "41162464",
"title": "Canterbury helmet",
"section": "",
"start_paragraph_id... | null |
34snh8 | When/how did human started cooking? | [
{
"answer": "The modern human gastrointestinal tract is evolved to digest cooked food. That takes a long time. Here is a peer reviewed article that argues that control of fire was achieved nearly two million of years ago by some of the first members of the Homo genus:\n\n_URL_2_\n\nBecause of the time needed ... | null |
3vzeie | Is there a history of monasticism in Islam? | [
{
"answer": "*I speak of the Middle Ages.*\n\nIslam doesn't really have monasticism. Within Sufism, Islam's mystical tradition, we can see some parallels to Christian monasticism, but fundamental differences remain--they are, at heart, different institutions with different roles to play in their respective reli... | null |
3zkgky | How long did it take a skilled armourer to make chainmail armour during medieval times? | [
{
"answer": "My own area of study is the armour of high and late medieval Europe. So my answer will focus on that, not on the Early Middle Ages. I mention this caveat because the economics and social organization of Europe were very different between 600 and 1450, and this effected things like how armour was ma... | null |
3vhji7 | if utilities infastructure was created through taxpayer dollars, then why do people have to pay private companies for their utilities? | [
{
"answer": "In most cases where facilities were built by the public and then privatized, the company either had to pay the government for the facilities, or agree to repair or improve the facilities at their own expense, thus effectively paying a bill that would have been the government's bill.\n\n",
"prov... | null |
1nstpr | after accomplishing something very challenging why do we sometimes feel empty and emotionless about it immediately after? | [
{
"answer": "Because the challenge is gone. \n\nPossibly. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "This reminds me of the last scene in Zero Dark Thirty (I'd say spoiler here, but since the film was based on recent real-life events, you probably know the plot already.)\n\nIf you've devoted a significan... | null |
14i1si | Does having houseplants at home provide any sort of measurable benefit to ones health? | [
{
"answer": "[They can help reduce indoor pollutants](_URL_0_)",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Houseplants can provide numerous [mental health and psychiatric](_URL_0_) benefits.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "27834088"... | null |
15gyvs | What is the difference between German Blitzkrieg strategy and Soviet Deep Battle doctrine? | [
{
"answer": "First of all, the Germans never used the word 'Blitzkrieg' themselves and did not have a specific doctrine around deep penetration or strategic battle - as you can see from from them turning back from Warsaw to deal with the Polish counterattack at Bzura 1939-09-09, the halting of the armoured unit... | null |
z9uyg | [META] Wide-scale revisions to the official rules | [
{
"answer": "Looks good, kudos to you and the mod team for being awesome and keeping r/AskHistorians a great place to learn about history.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "The rules on \"top level\" comments make sense when the post is an actual question, but not for the other types of permitted... | null |
dix4bv | how can i help somebody with seasonal depression feel better? | [
{
"answer": "Phototherapy is noted to help people with seasonal depression. It involves basically shining a special lamp in your indoor space to help mitigate the lack of light that comes with autumn & winter.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia... | null |
3uo8l2 | what does the "crisper" drawer in my refrigerator do and what is the benefit to putting my veggies in there? | [
{
"answer": "Actually, the crisper is the worst place to keep vegetables. They do better with air circulation and the temps higher in the fridge. The best thing to keep in the crisper are raw meats, primarily to prevent raw meat juices from dripping and contaminating anything else. The drawers are relatively ... | null |
310eor | Can moons of dramatically different size happily co-exist? | [
{
"answer": "There's nothing distinctively different between a planet's orbit around a star and a moon's orbit around a planet--there simply needs to be sufficient distance between them where \"far enough\" depends on the object's sizes.\n\nEven asteroids [can have moons.](_URL_0_)\n\nEssentially the question y... | null |
inqzl | Do carbon based filters (such as brita) remove essential minerals that the human body needs? | [
{
"answer": "First: Its important to note that Brita and similar water pitchers are not just an activated carbon pitcher. There is also an ion exchange resin present in the filter. Think of this ion exchange resin as working just like a water softener (that is, because it does work exactly like a water softener... | null |
2lploh | why don't credit cards just use 19 digits instead of 16 digits plus 3 digit "security code"? | [
{
"answer": "The CVV is separate from the card number, so if people record your card number (such as a card skimmer), they don't have access to the 3 digit security code.\n\nIf you made it 19 digit, then 1 swipe and they have all they need to literally take all your cash.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"... | null |
4c772o | why are the brussels and paris attacks so publicized and mourned over when others, like the current pakistani bombings, kill more and do more damage? | [
{
"answer": "Attacks in Western nations are discussed more in Western media. Attacks in nations that have been experiencing terrorism and war daily for decades, not so much.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "It's pretty much accepted that that part of the world is basically a warzone. Nobody's t... | null |
45lpra | where and how does all the energy created by power plants get stored? or is the power being generated as it's needed? | [
{
"answer": "The latter, mostly. In the case of plants that use some sort of fuel, the energy is *already* stored in whatever fuel that is being used. Generating energy from the fuel first, and then storing it back inside something else to be extracted later is a *huge* waste of everything. When you have too mu... | null |
flll6 | Has anyone ever taught a computer to code? | [
{
"answer": "You might be describing something a bit like [genetic programming.](_URL_0_) I believe these still require someone to determine the fitness of each program, but if you have some desired output and a set input, you can have something compare what the program produces to what you want the output to b... | null |
59x94y | Historically, how long have Arabs been the dominant ethnic group in the Middle East? | [
{
"answer": "Unfortunately I don't think this an answerable question. \"Arab blood\" does not define Arabness. Arabness is at least partially a linguistically defined ethnicity. That's why dark-skinned dark-eyed [Anwar Sadat](_URL_2_) is just as much an Arab as light-skinned blue-eyed [Bashar al-Assad](_URL_0_)... | null |
3xd0z2 | what exactly is that steamy-looking stuff that comes out right after a beer bottle is opened? | [
{
"answer": "Water vapour condensed out of the air due to the sudden drop in pressure in the neck of the bottle would be my guess.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "When a gas expands it's temperature drops. When opening a beer bottle the CO2 in it rapidly expands and cools down causing water vap... | null |
ezpek8 | Why were the Franks so effective at conquering the Germanic tribes, where Rome had failed for so long? | [
{
"answer": "Frankish hegemony over transrhenan peoples was less due to conquest or overpowering campaigns, and more to a policy of personal relationships, trade, raids and counter-raids that weren't that dissimilar to Rome's policies in Germania and that tended to define sort of a Frankish \"sphere of influenc... | null |
fbfce | What would need to happen in order for it to be called the LAW of evolution? | [
{
"answer": "['Laws of Science' on Wikipedia](_URL_0_)\n\nTheories are models. 'The world is like this'. Laws are fundamental rules that always apply (in the specified circumstances) and are distilled into statements of fact. Natural selection could perhaps be formulated into a law, or set of laws, but evolutio... | null |
1dtpua | why hockey refs fake a puck drop during a face off? | [
{
"answer": "So that players who try to anticipate the drop and thus start their swing faster don't get an advantage. They are supposed to wait until the puck is dropped to start their swing. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "731791",
... | null |
3e0clt | why are cans in hawaii shaped differently than regular soda cans? | [
{
"answer": "This is an older design of common cans. Let this guy shed some light on it in the most interesting can-related video ever produced:\n\n_URL_0_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "These are regular soda cans from some years back. Factories in some locations have older equipment.",
... | null |
6nj52v | Would an ancient Roman be able to read and understand the Latin Wikipedia? | [
{
"answer": "Post this to r/latin--I think they'd get a kick out of it. :)",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "414942",
"title": "Phoenician language",
"section": "Section::::Surviving examples.\n",
"start_paragraph_i... | null |
1yons6 | how have members of the bush admin not been charged with committing war crimes yet? | [
{
"answer": "This is bull they by definition did commi war crimes facts are not opinions",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "370936",
"title": "Vincent Bugliosi",
"section": "Section::::Writing career.:George W. Bush.\n",
... | null |
3842s6 | what does board mean in room and board? | [
{
"answer": "If someone is offering \"room and board\", they are offering to house and feed you (generally). This sometimes is forgotten, but that's what it means.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "When lodging somewhere \"room\" refers to where you stay and \"board\" refers to the food. \n\nThe ... | null |
2vy7nn | If an atom emits a photon when an excited electron returns to ground state, can that happen without the atom being heated up? | [
{
"answer": "There are many ways that can happen - basically every method of lighting that isn't incandescent light is an example.\n\n[Light-emitting diode](_URL_5_) uses electricity to push electrons to a high energy state, and at the junction the electron falls to a lower state and emits a photon.\n\n[Fluores... | null |
51hcib | Why did cavalry during the U.S. Civil War operate almost exclusively as dragoons? | [
{
"answer": " > Yet both Union and Confederate cavalry corps operated almost exclusively as dragoons. Why was this? To what extent was this affected by the duties of pre-war US cavalry, and/or the lack of a European-style military establishment? \n\nThe ways in which Union and Confederate cavalry came to opera... | null |
3ks5fq | why do a lot of hentai and japanese porn use rape? | [
{
"answer": "My assumption is that it has to do with the relatively rigid and formal social norms and politeness of Japanese culture in every day social interactions and also their cultural ideas of ideal man and woman. As a consequence certain behavior not tolerated at all in normal everyday life, like really ... | null |
45zfwx | Why can't the immune system prevent shingles outbreaks, since it already has antibodies for the virus? | [
{
"answer": "The mechanism that controls VZV latency is not well understood. There are several factors that may increase risk with regard to recurrent shingle episodes. Aging, immunosuppression, intrauterine\nexposure to VZV, and having had varicella at a young\nage are all thought to play a role in the recurre... | null |
5g8cva | At what altitude on earth is the air pressure roughly equivalent to the surface pressure of the Martian atmosphere? | [
{
"answer": " > The surface pressure on Mars is equivalent to the range of pressures on Earth at altitudes between ~30 km and ~60 km. \n\n--[Math Encounters Blog](_URL_1_)\n\n > At altitudes above 50,000 feet [_15.2 km_] man requires a pressurized suit to be safe in this near space environment. \n\n--[A Brief H... | null |
61ngl7 | the core principles of immanuel kant's philosphy. | [
{
"answer": "It generally covers the human perception of reality, that we are limited by our senses and our brains, and aren't really capable of perceiving or conceiving the 'true' nature of the universe. Human perception and instinct being flawed, he suggested that moral and aesthetic questions should be answe... | null |
n53ln | How is nuclear radiation stored in objects? | [
{
"answer": "Unstable nuclei will eventually decay and emit radiation. If something is bombarded with neutrons, some of them are captured by the nuclei, which can become unstable. In the case of water, it's possible that some could be captured to produce tritium, which is radioactive.",
"provenance": null
... | null |
tgitg | If we set off a nuke near Jupiters core.... | [
{
"answer": "No. Some fusion might occur but it would not be self-sustaining.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Nope. you'd get localized shock waves, and disruption of the conditions, but Jupiter does not have enough mass to begin or sustain fusion at its core. ",
"provenance": null
},
... | null |
65xl5g | why does squirting lemon juice over spicy food make it less spicy? | [
{
"answer": "It does reduce the spice. Spicy chili peppers contain an oil called *capsaicin* which gives the spicy flavor. Lemon juice has acids in it, and the acids neutralize the oils, which reduces the spice. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedi... | null |
9l8qzn | if oil is ancient organic matter, then how is there so much of it? | [
{
"answer": "_URL_0_\nBecause it has had a awfully long time to build up before humans Started using it. Or even before we started existing.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "There was A LOT of ancient life, a number of which grew to massive sizes (many insects being as large as or larger than pe... | null |
m7ga3 | what exactly is management consulting? | [
{
"answer": "In short you're correct: a management consultancy does spend a lot of time investigating a company, then makes a number of recommendations to senior staff on how to improve their business.\n\nNot all management consultants are equal. The senior consultants and partners spend a lot of time with seni... | null |
1duv6p | Why didn't Israel keep the Sinai peninsular? | [
{
"answer": "Because giving it up was a hugely important bargaining chip for peace with Egypt. No one really regarded it as part of Israel (the way the West Bank is), though there were people there who were less than thrilled about being kicked out. Making it demilitarized allowed for Israel to retain a buffe... | null |
ivnze | Reddit science people, my 6 year old would like an answer to a space question. I have no idea what to tell her. | [
{
"answer": "Just some of my random thoughts on it:\n\n If there were water where there is now more or less empty space then all planets, solar systems and galaxies would be connected/accessible to one another instead of isolated systems. Life wouldnt be bound to planets but could live almost anywhere. \n\nThen... | null |
4cbko4 | how do car dealerships work with the car companies and how do they make their profits? | [
{
"answer": "Car dealerships are independent businesses who have franchise agreements with the various car makers they sell. They purchase the vehicles through the manufacturers at the invoice price, but there are often other mechanisms for the dealers to make money from the sale, such as manufacturer holdbacks... | null |
6a44fn | Is there any proof that Mesopotamia and Egypt had contact with each other and if they did, what was their relationship like? | [
{
"answer": "What timeframe are you refering to?",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "60383627",
"title": "Egypt-Mesopotamia relations",
"section": "Section::::Influences on Egyptian trade and art (3500-3200 BCE).:Transmission... | null |
9kumez | How much cytoplasm does the average animal cell contain? | [
{
"answer": "About 100-1000 femtoliters.\n\n & #x200B;\n\nBut it's a pretty hard thing to answer. The cell with the smallest volume that I know of is the sperm cell, with about 20 femtoliters (fL). The most numerous cell in your body is the red blood cell, and it has a cytoplasmic volume of about 100 fL. But a ... | null |
20nrez | why does it take so long for employers to reach hiring decisions? | [
{
"answer": "They're interviewing a bunch of other candidates to see who's best.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Hiring an employee is a big investment. If there are lots of good options, then you want to make sure you're making the right one.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "1)... | null |
4j65pf | why is the senate investigating claims that facebook censors conservative news when facebook is a private entity/platform? | [
{
"answer": "Because the senate doesn't give a shit about actual government duties and only cares about their own partisan political ideologies and abusing their powers as much as possible in order to advance those particular political ideologies.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"prove... | null |
2ym6cl | How do Historians typically calculate an "exact" date? | [
{
"answer": "hi! hopefully some of the historians in antiquities will drop by with more info, but you may be interested in a few related posts\n\n\n* [How do we know what years certain pre-gregorian historical events happened in?](_URL_4_)\n\n* [How certain are we of what year it is? Were there every any disagr... | null |
8u33jv | With the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, the English language began rapidly changing. What other long-term cultural changes did this event bring about within England? | [
{
"answer": "Hi there, I essentially answered a similar question to yours [here](_URL_1_), and linked to an earlier answer on some more of the legal changes [here](_URL_0_). The legal changes in particular would have had a genuine impact on the day-to-day life of the English people, especially as the legal syst... | null |
rlbxz | Biologically, how does pedophilia even make sense? | [
{
"answer": "Although what causes pedophilia is not yet known, beginning in 2002, researchers began reporting a series of findings linking pedophilia with brain structure and function: Pedophilic (and hebephilic) men have lower IQs, poorer scores on memory tests, greater rates of non-right-handedness, greater r... | null |
6v6qiz | why do black americans resent white americans so much for slavery when america wasn't the first to use slavery, and banned slavery 13 years before the last country to ban slavery did? | [
{
"answer": "So in your world slavery was the end of the matter?",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "The effects of US Slavery are still seen today. It's not about the history of slavery in other countries. That doesn't directly affect our culture the way our slavery did. \n\nYou can't say that ... | null |
6i9yiq | What books should be trusted? | [
{
"answer": "Obviously, there is always a ton to be said on this sort of question, but you might find [this](_URL_0_) response by /u/Cosmic_Charlie informative",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "You will be interested in a series we ran a year ago on finding and evaluating sources, particularly pa... | null |
5e5x1q | Can light impart momentum? | [
{
"answer": "The solar sail can either absorb the light (so the sail gains the momentum of the photon it asborbs), or better yet, reflect the light, reversing its momentum. By conservation of momentum, the sail then gains two times the photon's momentum.\n\nThis is completely analogous to experiments you might... | null |
fl2bvh | Why are the lanthanides and actinides crammed in one space? | [
{
"answer": "They don't, it's just a,way of drawing the Periodic Table more compactly. If you wanted the table set out properly as a grid it would have to be an unwieldy long piece of paper. The whole thing really should be split at that point and the La and Ac elements inserted as two long lines. We draw it th... | null |
1k9jw3 | How fast does an object inside the event horizon of a black hole move towards it? | [
{
"answer": "It depends on who is measuring the speed. Notice that speed is a local concept in general relativity. There is nothing stopping objects from *appearing* to move faster than light, if they are far away. This may be more readily understandable in the context of expansion of the universe, but it appli... | null |
26kikm | the difference in programming languages. | [
{
"answer": "I can't speak for all languages, but I'll try to help differentiate between three languages I kinda know: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. These are mostly used for websites.\n\n**HTML** or HyperText Markup Language is a languages that 'structures' the different parts of a website. They group things up, ... | null |
18t2b7 | why do modern tvs seem to increase the framerate of video, even when to footage is decades old? | [
{
"answer": "Modern televisions have a setting that is usually turned on by default that causes this effect. The way it does it is by looking at two frames in the image, seeing what the differences are, and \"guessing\" what another frame between the two would look like if it was there when the show was recorde... | null |
9cbiol | Why was king hussein of jordan pro-peace with Israel? | [
{
"answer": "Part 1 (scroll to my reply to this comment to read Part 2):\n\nThe Jordanian motivations go much deeper than the history of the Hussein family and the Palestinians. Instead, one has to first understand the development of Jordan and the development of the state of Israel to understand their overlap.... | null |
9quaif | what exactly does a dip in economy do to a country? | [
{
"answer": "If the economy dips less people are buying things, if less people are buying things then companies that make things can't afford to hire so many people to make those things. Those people lose their jobs and have less resources to buy things, and so on, and so on. \n\nHouses are lost because the ba... | null |
euhve0 | why do helicopters crash so much more often than other aircraft? | [
{
"answer": "When a helicopters engine fails they become big metal bricks. A plane however, the shape allows for some control and the ability to glide while trying to get the engines back to working. Most planes have multiple engines as well, if one fails the others compensate. There’s no such redundancy in hel... | null |
3ahxoz | what are options and derivatives? and what are some of the more complex securities being traded? | [
{
"answer": "A derivative is a contract you can buy and sell. For example, \"whoever holds this piece of paper can buy 100 shares of IBM from me for $50 per share.\" Now, if IBM is worth a lot more than $50 a share, that piece of paper is valuable and you can sell it -- someone will pay good money for it, and i... | null |
1bj1to | Is it theoretically possible to replace all my bones (or most of the) for something made from a stronger material, like carbon fiber | [
{
"answer": "Start by reading [this](_URL_0_) to learn about the functions of bone, which go beyond the structural.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "2518882",
"title": "Bone grafting",
"section": "",
"start_paragra... | null |
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