id stringlengths 5 6 | input stringlengths 3 301 | output list | meta null |
|---|---|---|---|
1yzl36 | i know this has been asked before, but i still can't wrap my head around it. minimum wage. | [
{
"answer": " > had kept up with inflation\n\nNo... The study says that minimum wage would be $20/h if it had kept up with an increase in *GDP*, not inflation.\n\nMinimum wage is based on the market value of unskilled, easily replaceable labour. GDP increases because of improvements in technology, automation an... | null |
1exukz | up arrow notation like in graham's number. | [
{
"answer": "It's a way of describing very big numbers using repeated exponentiation.\n\na↑b is the same as writing a^b. 4↑3 = 4^3 = 64.\n\nNow it gets complicated. a↑↑b is the same as writing a↑(a↑(...a↑)) so that you have b amounts of a's, which as the same as writing a^a^a^... so that you have b amount of a'... | null |
7p9j30 | How did the British manage to mindbogglingly administer all the 500+ Princely States in India? What laws applied in these territories? | [
{
"answer": "I will try to answer each of your question.\n\n#Question 1\n\n* Most princely 'states' were states only in name. A city or a few clusture of villages was often what constituted a 'princely state' in many cases. So the 500 number is not actually as daunting as it seems\n\n* The British had a system ... | null |
53945t | Do black holes accelerate matter to light speed? | [
{
"answer": "No. Massive objects always move slower than light. Also, talking about relative speed on objects that aren't in the same place doesn't generally make sense in general relativity. Usually it's not too bad, but black holes are kind of extreme. But you can still distinguish slower than light, light sp... | null |
3am0f5 | why are car colors so dull? | [
{
"answer": "Neutral colors are going to appeal to the widest audience. Bright colors can be found but they're the exception to the rule - most people tend to gravitate toward something more subdued. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I see a fair amount of brightly coloured cars. Sure, the major... | null |
6dzdsc | How did painters react to the invention of photography? Did they oppose it or did they embrace it as an emerging art? | [
{
"answer": "Follow-up question: Did the increasing quality and affordability of photography in the late 1800s help popularize Impressionism, since it purposefully didn't attempt to realistically recreate landscapes?",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I was wondering, surely realistic portrait pai... | null |
3wlky8 | why are asians discriminated against in college admissions, and how extensively are they put to a disadvantage? also, why are people okay with putting asians at a disadvantage, but not african-americans or hispanics? | [
{
"answer": "there are statistics that show that Asians generally test higher, so if there was no checks you'd have extremely high percentage of Asian students compared to other nationalities. They're not put too much at a \"disadvantage\", its mostly just to even out demographics. \n\nAfrican Americans and His... | null |
5vp2dc | how does something like the james webb space telescope cost $8 billion? | [
{
"answer": "Who made it? A huge team of NASA engineers working for years and years to develop technology never seen before. These are real smart dudes who don't work for chump change. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "It will be lifted to a very high orbit. Resupplying the ISS cost about ten... | null |
3vmvdm | How long is a nuclear ground zero uninhabitable? | [
{
"answer": "Standard thermonuclear weapons have a fallout that will typically degrade to habitable levels within 6-18 months. \n\nA ground detonation would produce a more severely affected local area of irradiation whereas an air burst would ultimately cover such a broad area that it would be diffused and rel... | null |
4e7lzr | How did people do their taxes before computers were invented? | [
{
"answer": "No scholarly links or background here but a first hand account of someone that was around in the bad old days of tax before computerized submission. \n\nYou got a form, you filled it in. There were instruction booklets of various degrees of helpfulness & help lines you could call. If paperwor... | null |
40awj7 | if evolution promotes survival, why do living things die naturally | [
{
"answer": "Evolution promotes survival of the species, not of individual organisms. \n\nIf anything, a species being immortal would be an evolutionary disadvantage as you are guaranteed to run into overpopulation and the subsequent exhaustion of resources.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Evol... | null |
2pfdxq | how does my dog have a habitual schedule daily but doesn't understand time? everyday he knows when his dinner should be made by messing with his bowl or making noises around 5 o'clock. but can't tell the difference between 3 days or 3 hours? | [
{
"answer": "How do you know that he can't tell the difference between 3 days or 3 hours?",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Just as animals in the wild having sleeping, eating, and mating schedules, so does your dog. He knows about the time he supposed to be fed. Or maybe he just tells you when h... | null |
1k2w30 | differnt blood types and their impact. | [
{
"answer": "Human blood falls into the catgories of A, B, AB, and O depending on the presence of certain markers on the red blood cells known as antigens. These antigens allow the body to recognize and distinguish its own cells form foreign red blood cells as part of our immune system. This occurs as each a... | null |
20k1d6 | What was the extent of the Scots-Irish influence on the Blues? | [
{
"answer": "I'm not certain that this is what you're looking for, but if you're referring to the type of blues that originated in the Mississippi River area (Delta, Chicago, etc.), they were at least minimally influenced by what's called \"old time\" music. Old time music is more or less what people today thi... | null |
4bzur0 | What prevents a chimera's immune system from rejecting organs that developed from the other cell? | [
{
"answer": "I'll refer you to [an earlier comment](_URL_0_) on this same topic, because I think the explanation is smashing.\n\nI'd also like to emphasize looking further into the role of regulatory T-cells if this kind of research is of interest to you, because they're still a mysterious power in the human im... | null |
akcmb6 | What causes the opposite effects of size < -- > speed in gel-electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography? | [
{
"answer": "Watch these quick animations - should clear things up...\n\n(Pulsed-field) Gel electrophoresis (PFGE): \n[_URL_0_](_URL_0_)\n\n & #x200B;\n\nSize exclusion chromatography (SEC): \n[_URL_1_](_URL_1_)\n\n & #x200B;\n\nIn gel electrophoresis you're forcing all the molecules to go through the same (c... | null |
8v0ggh | How much of "the final solution" did German citizens and soldiers know about? | [
{
"answer": "**Part 1**\n\n > Most of them were just soldiers fighting a war they didnt wanna be in, right?\n\nNot really. It's a fair assertion to say that virtually all Wehrmacht soldiers were aware of the atrocities that were committed, participated on some level in these atrocities and viewed most of it as... | null |
21spmo | What motivated the kamikaze? | [
{
"answer": "By 1944 when kamikaze planes began to be used the Japanese defence ring had fallen apart and the Japanese began to understand that the only way out of the war was to inflict as many casualties upon the Americans as possible, in vain hope that the American public would grow war weary and force their... | null |
ceo4fe | During WW2, were prisoners sent to war or did they continue their sentence? | [
{
"answer": "Not to discourage further responses, but I answered a question some time ago [here](_URL_0_) that I'll repost below.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "367273",
"title": "International Military Tribunal for the Far East... | null |
k3v2l | Research questions regarding historic US census data | [
{
"answer": "Here's tip - call them. \n\nOn three separate occasions, I have had to call the Census Bureau for information and on each occasion they have been incredibly helpful. I can say the same thing about the DOE. \n\nIt almost makes you feel good about the government.",
"provenance": null
},
{
... | null |
15r7ou | How close is the Earth right now in its orbit as it was exactly one year ago? (In relation to the Sun) | [
{
"answer": "(Assuming that by \"year,\" you mean at midnight on 12/31 last year).\n\nWell, the period that it takes Earth to orbit the sun is about 365.2564 days; since this was a leap year, this is a difference of about .7436 days. So we've gone .7436/365.2564 = .002036 extra orbits around the sun.\n\nNow the... | null |
3h7g0h | What are some good books regarding the transfer of Hong Kong? | [
{
"answer": "Not a historian, but I did some historical economic analysis of Hong Kong under the British. I found these to be some useful sources. Not all of them cover modern history, but they're all comprehensive. \n\n* A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF HONG KONG, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS STEVE TSANG (HONG KONG UNIVERS... | null |
6ew0w1 | How do birds know to make nests? Is it purely instinctual or is it taught? | [
{
"answer": "It's both instinctive and learned, as with many complex behaviors. There's a review paper here, which is open-access and worth the read:\n\n > It is possible that a bird comes into the world with a template that provides the basic information as to what a nest should be like and how it should be c... | null |
569298 | On average, how religious were the American founders, compared to average Americans? | [
{
"answer": "They were clearly courting liberal positions for their era. They were far more educated the the average American so had ethical outlooks beyond religious books.\n\nThe concept of 'Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness' simply flew in the face of the religious establisment. Persuing happiness w... | null |
9oraac | how are we able to make decisions if everything follows the laws of physics | [
{
"answer": "The idea of free will is sort of up for debate in my mind. If our thoughts, and therefore our decisions, are nothing but complex chemical signals in the brain, then they were predetermined by the thoughts that came before them, and before those, and the chemistry that happened in the womb to form t... | null |
9wvjib | why would there be a primary within the same party of the incumbent president seeking a 2nd term? | [
{
"answer": "Cause maybe the party doesn't want the incumbent again or believes someone else has a better shot of winning.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "44509739",
"title": "2020 United States Senate elections",
"sectio... | null |
e1c9gb | Looking for some advice pertaining to teaching the Armenian Genocide. | [
{
"answer": "As far as resources go, although it is a work in progress, a revamping of the WWI section of the booklist has been in the works recently, and the following are suggestions made by /u/yodatsracist and I which will at some point in the future be included, so this is a sneak peak.\n\n*The Armenian Gen... | null |
2014uo | How did people deal with mold on food before refrigerators in different time periods?? | [
{
"answer": "First of all, while the refrigerator certainly did help, people used other means to cool food and keep food stored for long times. Ice coolers, where you would keep a block of ice in sawdust and have it replaced as it slowly thawed created cool spaces for the storage of food in Nordic countries' ci... | null |
1avv6e | What was the transition like from the Hapsburgs to the Bourbons in Spain? | [
{
"answer": "In what sense? The actual transition between ruling dynasties was bloody and very messy: the War of Spanish Succession was fought between the major powers of Europe over whether a Bourbon - and, more importantly, Louis XIV's grandson - should be allowed to ascend to the Spanish throne. But are you ... | null |
1ntjsf | Is Neil Armstrong's first foot print still on the Moon or have forces and events removed it? | [
{
"answer": "A quick google search showed me a Straight Dope forum discussing the matter. (_URL_0_) It also had a bunch of links in the discussion pointing to other pages.\n\nSeems like it's possible that the first footprint was damaged by the engine from the ascent stage, though since it was raised a fair bit ... | null |
3vcta7 | who invented the thumbs up compliment? and how long has it been around? | [
{
"answer": "One popular explanation is that during the height of the Roman empire, Gladiators would turn to the guests of honor on whether or whether not to kill their opponents or beasts.\n\n The thumbs-up, or thumbs-down would symbolize the weapon coming down, or staying above the defeated combatant's head.\... | null |
2eld50 | If the fluoride in toothpaste helps teeth by contact, how does the fluoride in water help if it only briefly comes in contact? | [
{
"answer": "The fluoride in water is incorporated into the developing teeth of children and makes the enamel stronger and more resistant to decay. The fluoride in toothpaste works on contact to help remineralize weak areas.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "It gets absorbed in your GI tract, mos... | null |
3uiv7o | why do credit cards give airline miles? | [
{
"answer": "You don't have to use AirMiles or whatever reward points on just air travel. You can often use them for car rentals, hotel stays, electronics you name it. Or if you have AirMiles but want some other reward points, sites like _URL_0_ let you exchange them.\n\nThey're encouraging you to SPEND more be... | null |
c1dxi2 | how do doorbells work? | [
{
"answer": "So traditional wired doorbells are normally simply a complete wired circuit involving:\n- a bell\n- a transformer to lower the voltage so that if the button gets compromised people won’t get a high voltage shock by pressing the button\n- a button outside\n- and wiring connecting it all\n\nWhen you ... | null |
9chju4 | Monday Methods: History Pedagogy (The Theory and Practice of Teaching and Learning) | [
{
"answer": "Great work!\n\nI particularly appreciate the section on the obsession with \"coverage.\" Too many times have I seen educators at both HS and collegiate level get obsessed with teaching it all (as if possible).\n\nI always suggest the method of creating your class topics last in developing your cour... | null |
4d4xie | are there any disorders that involve an altered perception of the rate of time? | [
{
"answer": "[This might interest you.](_URL_0_)\n\nI know at the least some disorders cause you to \"lose\" time in the sense that you blacked out and can't remember what you did.\n\nI'm just adding useless text to my comment here because for some reason this sub thinks you cannot give a concise and meaningful... | null |
16vv10 | how does a full cycle charge extend a lithium-ion batteries life? | [
{
"answer": "It's not required for the battery at all. \n\nYou know how the battery meter on your phone or whatever says 100% right when you take it off? And 57% sometime later? It needs to be calibrated to accurately determine from the battery (usually via a voltage measurement) what the state of charge is.... | null |
2uoifg | Which interactions can explain that EtOH (Alcohol) has a way lower freezing point than H2O? | [
{
"answer": "The same exact processes apply. The way you should look at it when compared to the boiling point is seeing the freezing point as a melting point instead. \n\nJust like water has a higher boiling point than ethanol, it also has a higher melting point. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer":... | null |
sgohl | What's going to happen to the polar bears as the ice caps shrink? Evolution or extinction? | [
{
"answer": "Well extinction is a distinct possibility as a loss of sea ice results in very large evolutionary hurdles. On the other hand with less ice and snow, selection pressures favour darker bears, and as they can interbreed with grizzlies its possible they might just converge back into a single species.",... | null |
o7jgh | what is a scripting language? | [
{
"answer": "A scripting language is a type of programming language, it's normally not compiled before being run and normally is created or modified by end-users. It also normally is used to interact with other applications, as opposed to creating an application itself.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"a... | null |
16sbc6 | If some tectonic plates are subducting under one another, is it possible for a whole landmass to be forced underneath when it reaches the boundary? | [
{
"answer": "Subduction zones feature oceanic plates (usually old and cold oceanic plates) sinking into the mantle. I say \"sinking\" because that is literally what is going on. Oceanic plates are high density, especially when they are old and cold, and when they enter subduction zones they sink very slowly t... | null |
pnerw | What sort of building materials might we fnd and utelize on mars? | [
{
"answer": "The first intended use of *in situ* resources will be using water on Mars for human consumption and breathable air, along with separating the hydrogen and oxygen for fuel. For habitation we will start with units sent from Earth and use local materials for radiation shielding (as shells surrounding ... | null |
19t2qo | Looking for European history books written by non-Westerners. What's a good place to start? | [
{
"answer": "This isn't exactly what you are looking for, but your question reminded me of the [Chinese fascination with Jews](_URL_0_). It is very interesting to see how an entirely foreign culture view a culture that is more familiar to us. It also makes you wonder how accurate and fair Western historians act... | null |
1bx7on | What makes certain stainless steels non-magnetic? | [
{
"answer": "Actually certain stainless varieties are magnetic. With iron and actually certain stainless steels all the iron atoms are lined up together in the same direction adding to the overall magnetism of the steel. When you start adding other materials to the alloy (of course steel is an alloy) the atoms... | null |
6rzu13 | Can a Neutron star and a black hole be in the same star system? | [
{
"answer": "It is possible, but none have been detected.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Although they haven't been directly detected, they almost surely exist in nature. For Advanced LIGO, the expected detection rates of BH-BH, BH-NS, and BH-BH are all of similar magnitude. Here is one simula... | null |
f5sqvd | how are cancer and tumors related? does one cause another? | [
{
"answer": "Cancers are a type of aggressive tumor. While tumors themselves are overgrowths of cells , they are not always dangerous. Tumors are just byproducts of uninstructed cells. Cancers are dangerous subcategories of tumors causing the mass make of harmful cells the body doesn’t view as a threat due to i... | null |
2gzjyd | why does metal shrink & water expand when they turn from a liquid to a solid? | [
{
"answer": "Water is special. No other liquid does that when you freeze it, I dont think. Its due to hydrogen bonds and the shape of the molecule.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Water molecules stick together through hydrogen bonding. In a liquid state, there is enough kinetic energy (heat) ... | null |
6ry6hz | how do micronutrients work? are they a good solution to malnutrition in poor countries? | [
{
"answer": "Micronutrients are things you only need small amounts of lime vitamins and minerals. What malnourished people need are macronutrients like fats and carbs.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Micronutrients refer to the nutritional value of a food, e.g. vitamins and minerals \n\nMacro n... | null |
8585jk | Is it possible for a dark object to be moved by a bright enough flash of light? | [
{
"answer": "Yes, light has momentum. When light hits an object and is absorbed or reflected, under conservation of momentum the object has to gain some small amount of momentum.\n\nsee also: \n\n- _URL_1_\n- _URL_0_\n",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wi... | null |
bdfxng | Is there an object that floats on moving water but sinks otherwhise? | [
{
"answer": "Sure, if you count floating as staying at some constant level in the water. The floating wouldn't be caused by only buoyancy, it has to be some combination of buoyancy and lift. \n\nYou can generate lift in water with hydrofoils.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance... | null |
19ja2w | - what exactly is the current relationship between the us and cuba, and why does it appear that the relations haven't changed much despite the end of the cold war? | [
{
"answer": "When Castro came to power, may Cubans fled to Florida, and harbored a deep seated hatred for Castro, one they handed down to their children and grandchildren. So now there is this huge community of rabid anti-Castro voters living in the biggest swing state in the US. \n\nDuring the Cold War, this... | null |
18tzhb | If you're stuck in a fire, is it a good idea or a bad one to douse yourself with water? | [
{
"answer": "Yes. Water has a stupendous ability to absorb heat. While you're at it, soak a rag in water to breathe through. As choochy pointed out, the smoke is more deadly.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I'm not a scientist - so I'm not sure if I'll be welcoming the downvote brigades - howev... | null |
152vhb | when i call someone, why is the first ring always louder than subsequent rings? | [
{
"answer": "This is probably due to sensory adaptation. When you experience something that triggers one of your senses multiple times in a row, the experience is less and less each time. This is also why you get used to smells.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
... | null |
2wv2re | Are there Babylonian or Sumerian myths that could have inspired the myth of Moses, like how there are for Noah's Ark? | [
{
"answer": "Sargon of Akkad was supposedly found in a basket in a Mesopotamian river. (Roux, *Ancient Iraq*)",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "2570651",
"title": "Jay Macpherson",
"section": "Section::::Writing.:\"The Boat... | null |
4rcsqn | When did relations between Native Americans and white settler/travelers turn from friendly trade to violent outbursts? | [
{
"answer": "Hello there. Unfortunately we have had to remove your question as it looks like it may be a homework question. A couple of things to keep in mind about this: [Our rules](_URL_0_) DO permit people to ask for help with their homework, so long as they are seeking clarification or resources, rather tha... | null |
8i9u97 | Help/suggestions on what books to read pertaining to ancient Syrian history. | [
{
"answer": "Caveat: I am most familiar with the history of Syria prior to the Achaemenid period, and my reading recommendations reflect that. \n\n# **HISTORICAL OVERVIEWS**\n\n*Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History* by Trevor Bryce is a good first introduction. Bryce relies too heavily on textual source... | null |
1oh470 | why are certain eye colors almost none existent? (like purple) | [
{
"answer": "Only time I have seen \"red\" is with albinos. You see red because of the complete absence of pigment which allows for a good reflection of their retina in the correct lighting conditions. This lack of pigment also means that they tend to be very sensitive to light (a lot of albinos are nearly blin... | null |
5t007x | Why were the religions in the British Isles so divided? | [
{
"answer": "Firstly, Scotland is in Britain. On the map, England is marked as Anglican (and Wales isn't marked at all, but then, from a legal standpoint Henry VIII had made Wales part of \"The Realm of England\")\n\nSecondly... why shouldn't they be different? They were different countries, with different hist... | null |
1la8sy | Happy 2nd Birthday, AskHistorians! | [
{
"answer": " > Your favorite askhistorians moment\n\nFour words: April. Fools. Rule. Changes.\n\nThat was fantastic.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Congrats to the moderators for making such a bustling community with all their hard work!\n\n > Your first question to askhistorians \n\n[Was the... | null |
4si67y | Why does something made of iron smell? | [
{
"answer": "Iron is constantly oxidizing with oxygen it comes into contact with. It is vaporizing, but very slowly. It's why rust happens, and why rust is much less dense than iron; some of it has turned to gas. \n\nAlmost the same thing happens with pennies, only with oils. You know that copper-y smell that p... | null |
5jdxbg | what safety measures are on gas tanks to prevent them exploding when a car is on fire? | [
{
"answer": "They don't need to do anything. You need a certain proportions of gasoline to air mixture for an explosion and in spite of what you see in movies and video games, that composition is frequently not present in the gas tank.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Usually seal them so oxygen... | null |
4iv5uy | When did the language of French become the majority language of France? | [
{
"answer": "I cant speak on the validity of the 20% comment , however, french became the language of France during the French Revoloution. Before French borders became much more realized during the end of the 18th century, France was composed of french, flemish, german, italian, among other languages. By 1795,... | null |
3lseb1 | why does white bread crisp quicker compared to brown bread when toasted? | [
{
"answer": "It's made mostly from white bleached flour and is generally lighter in both appearance (so the toasted bits show up better) and density than most brown breads. \n\nThe latter are generally coarser and heavier, and have more of the doesn't-burn-so-easily parts of the wheat grain in them like the gra... | null |
4kdakc | my bird starts chirping when he hears other birds of completely different species. why? | [
{
"answer": "Birds can only have offspring with their own species, so recognizing your own species is done through the specific songs.\n\nBirds are also quite territorial, not just for nest building but also for general food and water resources in the area, so singing is a great way for advertising that this is... | null |
7cgmfp | Why did camels never catch on as transport animals in the American West, as they did in almost every other desert/plains on earth? | [
{
"answer": "Interestingly, both camelids and equines are native to North America - after having colonised Eurasia, both vanished from North America, most probably having been hunted to extinction after humans colonised the continent, roughly 8-10 000 years ago.\n\nHORSES:\n\nHorses returned in 1494, with the s... | null |
8n8pi6 | how come some vendors require my debit card pin but others do not? | [
{
"answer": "Your debit card has Visa (or another credit card company) backing it. Each transaction can be run as debit (processed by your bank directly, requires your PIN) or credit (processed through Visa, does not require your PIN).\n\nProcessing as credit through Visa is to your advantage as the consumer. ... | null |
2bvdmp | why do stores display fruit and vegetables outside where people could steal them? | [
{
"answer": "Because people like to touch and feel their apples before buying them. That way you can check for freshness and bad spots. \n\nThe amount of food someone can steal is pretty small and that implies that they are able to steal this stuff with no one noticing in a brightly lit and well trafficked are... | null |
79c1k8 | How do we know what is in the center of the Earth? | [
{
"answer": "One way is from looking at p and s waves that travel through the earth when there is an earthquake. Direct observations of things come from looking at light, which is just a wave. So looking at waves that travel through the earth can then be used to probe deeper than our eyes could see. This can gi... | null |
2nhm78 | why do i need planning permission to build on land i already own? | [
{
"answer": "So you've got this nice piece of land and you've spent your life saving building yourself the house of your dreams on it, then a company buys the piece of land next door to yours and builds an abattoir on it. This makes your property stink off rotten meat all the time and be constantly swarming wit... | null |
951j9e | how do humans taste things like smoke and metallic flavors if there are only five tastes (salty,sweet, sour, bitter, umami)? | [
{
"answer": "While the tongue only detects 5 ‘tastes’, smell is also a compnent, and it is this that creates ‘flavour’. Without any sense of smell an apple and onion would taste VERY similar. Food is ‘smelt’ through olfactory glands in the nose, via the internal nasal cavity.\n\nEDIT: Corrected location of glan... | null |
8nk7oi | how do bagged cereal companies not get sued? | [
{
"answer": "A patent only lasts about 20 years in most cases. So it is perfectly fine to make the exact same product. Thus, it is only the trademark laws that you have to get around. If you can argue that a person wouldn’t confuse your Big Fatty’s sugared broccoli squares with Nestle’s sugared broccoli squares... | null |
342ntz | Why didn't Scotland rise against British reign as Ireland did in the modern history? | [
{
"answer": "Because Ireland was effectively ruled as a colony, politically separate from England but completely subordinate to it. The native Irish were treated pretty horrifically - in fact, Theodore Allen in his book *The Invention of the White Race* makes a strong analogy between English racism towards the ... | null |
y1psl | Whose portrait is depicted in this image from the USSR in 1920? | [
{
"answer": "I've been wondering about this too. I think it might be [Mikhail Frunze](_URL_1_), who was a Red Army Commander during the Civil War.\n\nEdit: Yes, it is Frunze. [Here's the same photo](_URL_0_) with a biography of him on Spartacus.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"prove... | null |
bnpxj7 | Education in ancient Egypt | [
{
"answer": "The ancient Egyptians used two writing systems, hieroglyphics for religious literature and hieratic for everything else (administration, governmental edicts, mathematics, etc.). We know that schools attached to important temples and government departments definitely existed, and were presumably st... | null |
1vcrjk | how do astronauts shave? | [
{
"answer": "Who other than Chris Hadfield to answer the question:\n\n_URL_0_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "58304342",
"title": "May 1969",
"section": "Section::::May 26, 1969 (Monday).\n",
"start_paragraph_id":... | null |
2ay0lj | why do bands keep pretending to end a rock show, but always comeback for an encore to play like 2-3 of their best songs? | [
{
"answer": "it's building hype.\n\nand in many cases they: (one of this options)\n\n1. love the crowd, so they want to give them more\n\n2. pretend to love the crowd, so they want to make them happy.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I sometimes work the camera crew on stage at nearby venues and... | null |
j5n06 | to me, why can't *japan* just print money | [
{
"answer": "While printing money causes inflation, the contrary is not necessarily true. Japan did, in fact, mess around with the currency value (via printing money and changing interest rates), but it seemed not to have the desired effect. \nThere are several economists that argue that Japan's deflation it's... | null |
wso9u | Tattoo with skin cells gene spliced to glow? | [
{
"answer": "What you're describing is all technically possible. We are able to [transfect human cells to express GFP](_URL_0_), a commonly used marker that fluoresces green under UV light. We are also able to culture skin cells *in vitro* for the purpose of [future engraftment](_URL_1_). \n\nThe biggest iss... | null |
90ozyu | the limit of tornado wind speed and why tornadoes might never become ef6 | [
{
"answer": "Tornado and hurricane scales run from \"Ehh\"(EF0/Tropical storm) to \"OH SHIT!\"(EF5/Cat 5), in both cases we give the upper category an open upper bound. EF5 tornadoes have wind speeds > 200 MPH, even if you find a 300 MPH tornado, it would still be greater than 200 MPH and fall into the EF5 bu... | null |
xd2pz | What kind of fish is this? Caught in the Gulf of Mexico off of the Florida coast. | [
{
"answer": "Looks like a Frogfish/Anglerfish of the genus *Antennarius*.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "33936018",
"title": "Anchoa mitchilli",
"section": "Section::::Range and habitat.\n",
"start_paragraph_id":... | null |
exv9f7 | a small-case 4-letter password has 456,976 possible combinations. why is there a need for even stronger passwords? | [
{
"answer": "I’m sure there is more to it than this but 500,000 possible combinations seems like a lot for a human to figure out, but with today’s technology a program designed to try all different combinations (sometimes referred to as “brute force”) would crack a 4-letter password in no time at all.",
"pr... | null |
3n30ed | Why is it that you can cut/penetrate things so easily with pointy objects? Why is it that a greatly increased pressure from a needle or knife causes abrasion? | [
{
"answer": "Think of a person laying on a bed of nails. The person's force is fixed, lets say 250lb. However, obviously laying on an entire bed of nails is safe, and laying on a single nail is not. \n\nThis comes down to the strength of the molecular bonds of the persons skin. If you apply enough force between... | null |
n91an | why the hippies were so horrible to soldiers returning from vietnam | [
{
"answer": "reddit being what it is, I can expect this answer to be heavily downvoted...\n\n----\n\nThe answer is \"Self-righteous indignation\" -- something which the Right is just as good at as the Left, BTW.\n\nThe soldiers were \"clearly\" all willing and eager to do what they did, and all sociopathic baby... | null |
8h2wzq | What where the major advantages/disadvantages of the Roman testudo formation? | [
{
"answer": "While you're waiting, check out these threads for information on the turtle formation:\n\n[Roman testudo in medieval times](_URL_1_) by /u/novashadow1324\n\n[Military historians, can you explain why infantry forming square (or other similar defensive formations such as the Roman \"turtle\") were ef... | null |
4ggptj | What weapons were used in the Franco-Prussian War? | [
{
"answer": " > Does anyone know what specific models of Pistols, Revolvers, Mortars, or Artillery Pieces were used during the conflict?\n\nI don't know of revolver designs, but the French utilized rifled muzzle-loading artillery pieces, of the La Hitte system. The Germans in turn utilized breech-loading artil... | null |
2u61g7 | What do non-Islamic historical accounts say about Mohammed? | [
{
"answer": "If *In the Shadow of the Sword* by Tom Holland is to believed, contemporary accounts of Mohammed are very rare indeed. Most accounts talk about a prominent leader in the area contested between the Roman Empire and Persia (that is the Near East and not Arabia proper). ",
"provenance": null
},
... | null |
2h94kf | Will a single gold atom have color? 10? At what point do we notice the color? | [
{
"answer": "Color as we experience it in everyday life is mostly caused by the way many atoms are bonded together. For instance, carbon atoms bonded into a graphite pattern are gray while carbon atoms bonded into a diamond lattice are clear. Single atoms don't have color in the traditional, everyday, sense. Bu... | null |
25llmj | why my computer lags when only 50% of the cpu is being used | [
{
"answer": "Is your computer as a whole lagging, or just one application? \n\nIf it's a single application, it may only have one or two threads running. 50% of a dual-core CPU is one core maxed out. Certain programs can launch more threads to do work in parallel, but others can't (or *could*, but aren't design... | null |
2010ly | if a straight razor, single blade, is the closest shave we can get, then why do companies keep adding blades? | [
{
"answer": "to justify charging you $20 for a 3 pack of replacement razors. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "marketing gimmick. truthfully you can use a cheap plastic handle razor for a long time if you dry it off after each use. clark howard from the radio did it for like a year.",
"pro... | null |
32qrt5 | If it was so easy to defend, why did the allies 'have to' attack Omaha Beach on D-Day? | [
{
"answer": "All of the beaches had fairly small gaps in between them, but the Omaha landings would serve to link the American landings further north at Utah, with the Anglo-Canadian landings at Juno and Gold, and thus to the other British landing at Sword. If they had NOT landed at Omaha, the gap between Gold,... | null |
116ip4 | Body Temperature and why we can stay alive 90 degrees below our body temperature but will die 90 degrees above. | [
{
"answer": "It is much easier to keep heat in with insulation than it is to get rid of excess heat with sweating or other means.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Heat denatures proteins, making them useless. Cold and heat will both lead to cell death but heat is substantially more damaging than... | null |
4t722q | realistically, what would have to happen before games (especially vr) can match the photo-realism of film cgi? | [
{
"answer": "Think of it this way. \n\nThe deadline for rendering 120 minutes of movie is around 2 years. \n\nThe deadline for rendering 120 minutes of video game is 120 minutes + 33ms. \n\nEven counting the fact that movies need to be developed, then rendered, that still leaves about 1 year of rendering availa... | null |
31yfds | In the densest parts of galaxies, how close can stars get to one another? | [
{
"answer": "Although a pretty rare event, they can [collide](_URL_0_), or in other words, they can get arbitrarily close. \n\nThe densest regions are the galactic nuclei as well as the cores of globular clusters, in which you can have thousands of stars per cubic parsec. The core of M 32, a satellite galaxy of... | null |
375qvn | What are some good books about the Ethiopian Revolution, the Ethiopian Civil War, and/or the rule of the Derg and Mengistu in general? | [
{
"answer": "Robert D. Kaplan's \"Surrender Or Starve\" is not in-depth and the scope is wider than Ethiopia, but is a good start, and Kaplan is always engaging.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "6572888",
"title": "Ethiopian Civil... | null |
2wqmds | Did segregation laws in the U.S. South "technically" apply to both blacks and whites? | [
{
"answer": "Follow up: would there be any reason to prefer black versions of things (I.e. drinking fountains, etc...?)",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Some discriminatory laws were written in a way that, at least theoretically, applied to both blacks and whites.\n\nVirginia’s anti-miscegenatio... | null |
bo6edn | Does the deep ocean water pressure make water flow more difficult? | [
{
"answer": "Short answer: no.\n\nLonger answer: currents are driven by pressure *gradients*, amongst other things such as gravity. On short time and space scales, water tends to flow horizontally from regions of high pressure towards regions of low pressure. In the deep ocean high pressures can be caused eithe... | null |
2bpqm8 | car motor oils. | [
{
"answer": "Different oil weights have different thicknesses which may or may not affect how fast they move through small holes, called orifices. A thick oil through a small hole will increase oil pressure and cause possible damage to an engine. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "_URL_0_\n\nThe ... | null |
a8y75f | What were the thoughts about static build up and shock to people in the past, and was it seen as a sort of witchcraft if everyone has done it at least a dozen times? | [
{
"answer": "There is an excellent older answer to this question by u/hillsonghoods [here](_URL_0_). Just because people in the past didn't have our scientific understanding of the phenomenon, doesn't mean that they didn't have a secular theory of what supposedly caused it. The precursor to modern science isn't... | null |
4nczr8 | how did big army get fed in the past like durring big conquest like crusade | [
{
"answer": "Basically, raiding the countryside.\n\nRemember the whole \"quartering soldiers\" bit from the 3rd amendment? The British were commandeering people's homes and property for their soldiers because that's how they found places to stay when deployed in the colonies.\n\nIn medieval times it was conside... | null |
2xfs74 | if republicans control both houses of congress, why was it so hard to get a homeland security bill passed? | [
{
"answer": "The Republican Party is not united. The establishment faction and the Tea Party faction disagreed over the bill. The establishment faction wanted to pass it. The Tea Party wanted to use the bill as leverage against Obama in order to force him to take back his executive orders on immigration.",
... | null |
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