id stringlengths 5 6 | input stringlengths 3 301 | output list | meta null |
|---|---|---|---|
bjiddw | Is it possible for a planet to consist solely of liquid as opposed to a solid or a gas? If no, why not? | [
{
"answer": "Yes, Jupiter might even be one. Even if it is not then other gas giants could be formed by gravitational instability in which there is no solid core (at least at the early stages but there are processes which may form one later).",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I would say unlikely... | null |
a0sqid | what’s the difference between forging and casting metals? | [
{
"answer": "Forging involved hammering soft heated metal into the shape you want. Casting is pouring liquid metal into a mould and letting it cool.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Casting doesn’t have grain structure, which makes it weaker than something that is forged. _URL_0_:",
"provena... | null |
1xggz7 | How did the role of the artist differ before the Renaissance and during the Renaissance? | [
{
"answer": "I wouldn't say that, even by the High Renaissance, artists had that much freedom over their subject matter. It was still very much a matter of the patron's (whether it be royalty, church, or private) will. The more well-known artists had a bit more input (I'm thinking, for example, of Titian and hi... | null |
28fxlu | what are the horizontal part (sleepers?) of a railway track for? and why can some sections of track not have them | [
{
"answer": "They hold the rails at a fixed distance - without them, the trains would push them apart. If the railroad is built on concrete or other solid material (e.g. a railway crossing, or railroads in cities) then they're not needed because the ground provides enough stability.\n\nIf the ground is soft, th... | null |
76wxin | why do android phones get slower over time even after a factory reset? | [
{
"answer": "This is just speculation tbh.\n\n\nOver time, the same applications on your phone consume more resources. This is because the rate technology improves is swift, and application devs are constantly keeping up. So say an app is currently built to run well on a phone with 1GB RAM. When phones with 2GB... | null |
f3xssm | when a computer says "scan and repair"; how does it repair? | [
{
"answer": "One other thing is repair tools are designed to implement a set of fixed “scripts/instructions” known to solve common problems. You can consider the scan and repair program to be a collection of known fixes that attempt to run and repair your system. Sometimes these tools can be helpful, sometimes ... | null |
1ub19z | judges and what happens to them after their rulings are repeatedly overturned. | [
{
"answer": "Alright, I'll try my best to explain it. \n\nFirst of all, law is a murky subject. There are many ways the same piece of law could be read by different people. Often the judge who has his opinion overturned read the law different than an appellate judge, but once the appellate court rules on it,... | null |
2qpii4 | - does gritting the road harm the environment? surely a massive increase in salt would alter the natural soil composition and harm the surrounding area/ecosystem? | [
{
"answer": "It does, yes, and for the exact reasons you mentioned too. The problem is, that the best alternative to salt is to use sand instead, but that doesn't get rid of the ice and also has to swept away again once the weather got warmer, which in turn makes it more expensive.",
"provenance": null
},... | null |
tr0ts | Why don't animals like dogs and cats recognize and understand what music is? | [
{
"answer": "i used to play guitar when i was younger, and my dog would sit in front of me like she was listening.\n\nnot sure why though...",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Animal's ears are very different to our own, music simply probably sounds completely different to them than it does to us,... | null |
a9x9ka | If gravity is the effect of space-time being stretched, wouldn't an object's angular momentum generate gravitational effects? | [
{
"answer": "Yes. This is mainly a thing for spinning black holes, although the gravitational effects of the Earth's rotation has been measured by a very precise satellite experiment called [Gravity Probe B](_URL_0_). However, this isn't the reason for prograde orbits, that more has to do with angular momentum ... | null |
3otjwb | Why was the Qin more effective than the other Chinese states during the Warring States Period? | [
{
"answer": "Qin was more effective from the middle Warring States onwards. They weren't always more effective.\n\nThat being said I would say the reasons are: \n1) Qin's land was fertile. It wasn't (originally) as populous, but Qin took over the heartland of the Zhou when the Zhou moved east (the event that u... | null |
5d7c4l | how to win radio station call-in contests? | [
{
"answer": "If its a small station call just before the end of the announcement, if its a large station call as soon as possible. \n\nAt a small station the announcer answers their own calls, at a large station a producer or panelist will answer the phone. \n\nSource I work in Radio.",
"provenance": null
... | null |
6nbmjn | why certain fruits and veggies taste crunchier after they're chilled | [
{
"answer": "the fibrous cell structures within the plants become more rigid when they are cold. that rigidity gives them additional \"crispyness.\"\n\nit is similar to if you were to take a foam bed and turn the heat off in the room. the bed becomes much firmer. ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer":... | null |
wd79w | Does the shape of a lightning bolt have an effect on the sound of the thunder? | [
{
"answer": "The jagged and irregular shape of a lightning bolt is one thing that causes thunder to rumble. Different points all along the lightning bolt are different distances from your ears and thus the sounds arrives at slightly different times. If a lightning bolt were perfectly straight, for example, you'... | null |
5t4pjp | it's said that a single strand of dna contains roughly 4 megabytes of information. how exactly do they know this and how are bytes convertible to something physical like base pairs? | [
{
"answer": "A bit is a binary digit. A byte is an 8 digit number, in binary.\n\nIn decimal, a ten digit number could represent a high count of something, or each digit could have it's own significance. For example, in a telephone number, where it really just represents what button to press. It's conceivable th... | null |
2sedmd | why if the distance between two objects can always be halved, do they ever touch other? | [
{
"answer": "In theory if you keep cutting the distance between two objects in half, they will not meet. I'm not sure what you are asking about though.\n\nHere's a little joke that is very relevant: \nA mathematician and an engineer are both told they can half the distance between themselves and a beautiful wo... | null |
41bkww | why do the facebook accounts of dead people or people who have not logged on in years all of a sudden start spamming sales for sunglasses? | [
{
"answer": "My guess is since the password never changes anymore some bot brute forces the password and takes over the account.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "12878216",
"title": "Criticism of Facebook",
"section": "Sec... | null |
dgxks8 | why are some fairly modern commercial aircraft built with propeller engines instead of jets? | [
{
"answer": "Propeller aircraft are usually less expensive for the same size and slightly more fuel efficient, although slower. Makes for a compelling argument for shorter routes without high demand, and some airlines such as Silver run almost exclusively propeller aircraft.",
"provenance": null
},
{
... | null |
f7fkrs | Was homosexuality bad in the eyes of old celtic/Norse beliefs? | [
{
"answer": "EDIT : u/sunagainstgold's answer on [homosexuality and its perception in medieval Scandinavia](_URL_0_) is certainly interest you on the other part of your question.\n\nWe have litterary evidence that ancient Celts (i.e. more or less people we would call Gauls) practiced homosexuality, to the point... | null |
3n7cgr | how were languages created? did we just get better at grunting? | [
{
"answer": "Yes, we got better at grunting.\n\nBut to say \"developed independently all over the world\" is a bit misleading.\n\nA group of people that speak A all lived together, but then some moved away and over time the languages changed, and now you have two different languages, A and B because they were s... | null |
aldva3 | why does your average sport player not get the serious injuries commonly suffered by professionals? | [
{
"answer": "Probably just because professionals do it way more often and probably way more intensely than you. Lots of high school sports players get injured frequently.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Your average sports player does not have the strength and speed of a professional sports pla... | null |
244jk5 | Does the amount or heaviness of the falling rain affect the sound of thunder? | [
{
"answer": "heavy rain (heavy water) adsorbs sound energy a at a rate √3 x F greater than light water (deuterium). thunder is mostly in the 20-50hz range, so at 100% relative humidity\n, we might expect thunder to be heard at about twice the range in light rain",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": n... | null |
1m69rq | When we talk about previous ice ages, how widespread was the cold? Did it cover the whole planet? | [
{
"answer": "There have been a number of \"Ice Ages\" of varying severity. \n\n > probably the most severe [\"Ice Age\"] of the last billion years, occurred from 850 to 630 million years ago (the Cryogenian period) [before there was complex multicellular life or life on land] and may have produced a [Snowbal... | null |
5taus9 | how do usb/hdmi/displayport keep getting faster? | [
{
"answer": "Improvements in various things. For example in HDMI the speed increase is associated with a higher clock rate. Much like faster processors increased in Mhz, and into Ghz.\n\nHDMI Max Clock frequency to Data throughput\n\n - HDMI 1.0 - 1.2: 165mhz = 4.95Gbps\n\n - HDMI 1.3 - 1.4: 300mhz = 10.2Gb... | null |
3qyfno | how is work outsourced to other countries without massive outrage from the outsourcing country? | [
{
"answer": "Because of the cheaper prices. If a company can pay people less, then the price of their product can be reduced. That's not to say there is no outrage - it's just limited to the workers in that particular industry. For the average customer, they just are happy to have the cheaper price and don't re... | null |
1n0mkw | Is there chemisrty in degenerate matter? | [
{
"answer": "I'm not sure if I understood correctly. But you can find [degenerated matter](_URL_0_) - or fermion gas - in white dwarfs for example. And of course there are processes happening inside these stars that may create/change/destroy this fermion gas.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Fr... | null |
146cvo | gene mapping, and the human genome project. | [
{
"answer": "**TL;DR - I freaking love biochemistry and explaining things**\n********\n\n**Explained Simply** \n\nYou have DNA, which is a mixture of 4 chemical \"bases\", known as Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T) and Adenine (A). DNA itself is made of two long strands (*double stranded*) with Cytosine b... | null |
1rmydo | What occurred in Luxembourg and Liechtenstein during the World Wars? | [
{
"answer": "1/2\n\n**Luxembourg, First World War**\n\n\nLuxembourg was [invaded and occupied by Germany](_URL_0_) during the First World War.\n\nBeing able to move their army through Luxembourg, as well as Belgium, was a key part of the Moltke-Schlieffen Plan. On 1st August 1914 the Germans violated Luxembour... | null |
5j26us | why is snow soft | [
{
"answer": "Moisture in the atmosphere is water vapor. When the temperature is low enough, the molecules of water condense but also freeze simultaneously in ice crystal structures rather than forming together into a water droplet THEN freezing (which would obviously result in hail). These ice structures are mu... | null |
27clee | How much more or less brutal were the Germans in Russia than the Russians were in Germany at the end of world war II? | [
{
"answer": "The German occupation was significantly more brutal, considering Germany suffered some million or so civilian casualties from all military actions (including those of the western allies,) compared to the 8-12 million inflicted in the Soviet Union.\n\nThe Russian occupation is, I feel, often played ... | null |
3ztcvm | why do motorcycles redline at ~14 k rpm, but most everyday cars redline at ~7 k rpm | [
{
"answer": "Small parts can move faster, and motorcycle engines usually have a short stroke. They are generally optimized for maximum horsepower, while car and truck engines place a greater importance on torque at low RPMs for moving heavy loads from a standstill. Modern sportbike engines are also significan... | null |
mdp66 | How long could a person survive eating only human flesh? | [
{
"answer": "I realize this shouldn't be a top-level comment, but since no one's posted I will. I went to the wiki page for rabbit starvation syndrome, and it said it was from a lack of fat in your diet. Humans are pretty fatty, so it shouldn't be a problem.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I ... | null |
cx0il2 | why do people cook with alcohol, is it just for flavour, if so then can't you just use non-alcoholic substitutes? | [
{
"answer": "Ya, it's just for flavor, and you could use non alcoholic substitutes, but it wouldnt taste the same, and If you just make sure you cook off the alcohol it wont affects you like that.\nIt can if it hasent all been cooked off",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "One thing to note about c... | null |
4bdlux | what kind of video editing software to big movies such as harry potter use? | [
{
"answer": "Final Cut X is actually not Final Cut 10, just \"X\". It is a dumbed down, consumer version of the glorious Final Cut 7 which Apple abandoned years ago, which was used on many feature films. \n\nThe old standard, Avid, is still a big one. However, Adobe Premiere is taking its cut of the cake as ... | null |
279e9a | why do i sound on pitch when i'm singing but when i listen to a recording i'm horrible? | [
{
"answer": "You \"hear\" your own voice through vibrations in your jaw bone and skull as well as external soundwaves, which creates a different sound than if it was exclusively soundwaves (which is what you hear from a recording). That's why you hear your voice differently.",
"provenance": null
},
{
... | null |
2ic301 | With all this fear mongering about Ebola, how about facts. How could a virus like Ebola become airborne, what mutation would be necessary? | [
{
"answer": "It is difficult to say specifically for ebolavirus. To know precisely which mutation would be necessary to confer airborne transmission would require gain-of-function experiments such as those conducted on the H5N1 avian flu. ([source](_URL_1_)) This kind of study is basically forced lab evolution:... | null |
34rsh1 | regarding nasa's new "warp" discovery: how does a warp open? | [
{
"answer": "I think you're confused. Nasa's newest piece of technology is the EMDrive. It doesn't create warp bubbles but years ago some guy in a garage said \"hey, I can accelerate this thing without using propellant!\" but was treated as some crazy dude in a garage. Not too long after China, I believe, verif... | null |
2tfxf2 | how is it that otherwise seemingly normal people can become so invested in a sports team that they're willing to make it a huge part of their identity, up to the point of rioting should their team lose? | [
{
"answer": "I did research on this in college for psychology. Turns out the more invested in outside events, especially sports the lower the self esteem of the individual. Now having a healthy relationship with a sports team is ok and being happy or disappointed when your team wins and loses is ok, but the p... | null |
6qdq7a | why are there hd versions of tv channels? why not just replace the original channel with the hd version? | [
{
"answer": " > Surely if something is in HD, it was recorded that way originally. \n\nCorrect.\n\n > If its just a rip off thing\n\nIt's not a \"rip-off\" thing. It's a \"people are willing to pay less for standard definition, and more for high definition\" thing.\n\n > wouldnt it be a good idea to make laws ... | null |
3ni7fr | why is it called a 'cold' when you're body is actually hot? | [
{
"answer": "Your*, my bad.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Have you noticed that you *feel* cold when your running a fever? It's sometimes called \"the chills\".\n\nPart of the sensation of temperature is the *difference* between the room's temperature and your body temperature. When your body... | null |
1ilsif | factorials | [
{
"answer": "You're counting how many ways you can arrange things.\n\nSay you have 4 cards. How many possible ways can you order those cards?\n\nThere are 4 possibilities for the first card, 3 for the second, 2 for the third, and one for the last (whichever one is left). 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 4!.",
"provenance": ... | null |
3usvww | why are some noises "louder" than others? | [
{
"answer": "Well, volume or loudness is the amplitude of the sound wave and if its bigger the sound will be louder. But in terms of hearing things in your apartment certain sounds are more likely to penetrate concrete and wood and get to your ears. Bass-ier sounds have much more penetrating power generally spe... | null |
34s9hu | why do batteries have a 'use by' date, and what could be the result of using it after that date? | [
{
"answer": "Because there's a chemical reaction going on all the time inside the battery, it can burn itself out if not used for a certain length of time.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "1164345",
"title": "Automotive battery",
... | null |
1gcvq7 | why is jimi hendrix considered one of the greatest guitar players? | [
{
"answer": "Jimi Hendrix is considered a great guitar player because he reinvented how the guitar was played. He invented a style that influenced just about every rock, blues and jazz guitarist that came after him. His technical skill wasn't the greatest, but his creativity and style has proven to be extremely... | null |
f814no | How are Tourniquets usually removed if they have been on for a while but so that the limb can still be saved? | [
{
"answer": "In a operating room, slowly so as not to cause bursting of capalaries(sp?). Up to 6 hours from initial application of the tourniquet the limb can be mostly saved (depends on the damage done) this is from memory from military training.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"prove... | null |
43zoqu | david camerons deal with the eu | [
{
"answer": "Cameron told the EU he would stop promoting a \"Brexit\" if they made reforms in 4 certain areas. Yesterday Donald Tusk (president of the European Council) released a draft trying to find a compromise between Cameron and the EU. Here's what these 4 demands are, and the EU's response to them:\n\n**1... | null |
6cy13b | What Medieval War Strategy Book Should I Read? | [
{
"answer": "I recommend the following five works as the rock on which to build your understanding of medieval warfare. They are not all easy to read, *Warfare in Medieval Europe 400-1453* is particularly dense, but they will all add to your understanding of the subject. In general, the newer works supersede th... | null |
1t4uxh | why is pneumonia diagnosed with an x-ray? | [
{
"answer": "On X-ray, things that are not dense (like air) are dark. The radiation passes right through air and none of it is \"blocked\" on the way to the film. When no X-rays get blocked, the film is black. Things that are white on X-ray are white because they \"intercepted\" all of the radiation. As an e... | null |
qnoj0 | Do people digest less when they have the runs? | [
{
"answer": "You lose a lot of nutrients when you have 'the runs' mainly because bacterial infections which cause the symptom of 'the runs' alter cellular pathways such as the cAMP pathway in gut epithelia, which in the short form, leads to efflux of water out of your cells and into the lumen (hole) of your gut... | null |
bokkjq | Bremsstrahlung and General Relativity: Does a charge resting on the surface of earth emit radiation? | [
{
"answer": "It depends on the frame of reference. A charge at rest on the Earth does not appear to radiate as seen by other at-rest observers on the Earth, but a freefalling observer would see a charge-at-rest radiate.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I can't sufficiently explain it myself, but... | null |
1g5gb6 | what is smoke, exactly? | [
{
"answer": "Steam, unburnt gases, particles of ash.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "27001",
"title": "Smoke",
"section": "",
"start_paragraph_id": 1,
"start_character": 0,
"end_paragraph_id": 1,
... | null |
4tk363 | Do light particles weigh anything? | [
{
"answer": "No, photons are massless.\n\nHowever, massless particles can still have momentum and exert a force. In the case of the sun and the earth, this pressure is between 4.5 and 9 micro-Newtons per square meter (4.5 if photons are absorbed entirely, 9 if all photons are reflected, in reality the value wil... | null |
17dh9k | why does time go from 11 am to 12 pm and vice versa? | [
{
"answer": "AM stands for ante meridiem and PM stands for post meridiem - before noon and after noon. Noon is the point at which the sun is highest in the sky. In the AM, the sun is rising. In the PM, it is setting.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wiki... | null |
7s2jq0 | Are there any disagreements between English and U.S historians on any facts/aspects of the American Revolution? | [
{
"answer": "Hi there! \n\nIf you've come to the thread and are wondering why there's no answer yet, please be patient: [we have found](_URL_4_) that it takes an average of 9 hours for a good answer to appear on a popular thread - properly researching and writing an answer takes time. Additionally, it's current... | null |
a8oa7c | - how does the body fight infections not in the bloodstream such as respiratory infections? | [
{
"answer": "Cells like neutrophils can leave the bloodstream to fight infections like that. Mucosal sites can also fight infection with a special antibody called IgA.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "When foreign cells like viruses are detected by local immune cells that happen to be in the are... | null |
2tcf20 | if muscle growth is them tearing and re-growing tissue, why can't we invent a machine or procedure that artificially replicates this tearing in order to build up muscle mass without actually working out? | [
{
"answer": "there IS a machine or procedure for replicating the experience of muscle growth, they are called \"work out equipment\" and \"gyms\". \n\nIn these places, and using these machines, you are able to artificially tear your muscles in a controlled and measured setting, specifically targeting certain mu... | null |
3olxp8 | why don't all the mosquitos die out when it gets to cold? do some of them fly south or what? | [
{
"answer": "It depends on the species but they use one or more of three strategies to survive the winter:\n\n*Hibernation as an Adult - Females will drop their metabolic rate and survive off stored fat, usually hiding in a hole or something.\n\n*Hibernation as a Larvae - Larvae can also go into hibernation, bu... | null |
3ata56 | Why "666" for the beast? Without a base-10 positional representation system, this number wouldn't look particularly remarkable. | [
{
"answer": "I can't tell you much about the numerological implications of the number and the interpretation of Johannes, but I'm going to say something about Roman numbers that might be helpful: \n\nRoman numerals don't use positional notation, but they still represent base-10 - there are symbols for the decim... | null |
1uedfq | This question has been stewing for a bit. If a neutrinos pass through our body all of the time, then what happens when one actually collides with the atoms of our bodies? | [
{
"answer": "I too am a big fan of neutrinos. Neutrinos can interact with many subatomic particles. Most of the interactions would be wither a scatter or possibly an absorption. The probability of these events happening are very small due to the small cross section. However, since there are so many neutrino... | null |
2hfff2 | how do police evidence videos end up online? | [
{
"answer": "Sometimes leaked but you can usually get them through the freedom of information act unless it is pending investigation or prosecution.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "4762404",
"title": "Axon (company)",
"se... | null |
bqrp67 | There are Churches older than the Byzantine and Roman Catholic: How does their interpretation of Doctrine and Religious practice differ and why? Did these Churches interact with the Roman and Byzantine Churches further into the Medieval, or did they lose contact? | [
{
"answer": "I hope no one minds an Eastern Orthodox deacon commenting? \n\n\nThe Churches you mention are known as the Oriental Orthodox churches, and are not, in fact, older than the Byzantine and Latin churches. In fact, they split off from the Latin and Byzantine Church during the \u0014[Council of Chalced... | null |
2akzlh | How exactly was the French Revolutionary Army able to defend France from being invaded by a coalition consisted of every European country, and also end up expanding French territory? | [
{
"answer": "I'd like to point to [this post I made a few days ago](_URL_0_) for reference.\n\nNotably this bit: \n\n > All men between the ages of 18 and 25 were to be forcibly conscripted for military service -- all men. Men into their 30's would also regularly volunteer or be called upon as well though. If ... | null |
6svvwl | why is facebook considered such a large company when it seems like the site itself is dying out? | [
{
"answer": "It might just be regional, because I only know a couple of people who *don't* use Facebook. Facebook chat seems like the primary method of communication for a lot of people, or is at least tied with texting. I also see a lot of people and organizations using Facebook for planning events. I work in ... | null |
29qe1r | . why can't we fill our coal mining pits with our rubbish? we are taking out one pollutant and replacing it with another. | [
{
"answer": "You start storing waste underground and you need to be damn sure there's no groundwater movement that can leach waste into drinking water. That is not possible in the vast majority of mine systems as the geology which accompanies coal formation trends to be fractured and porous. ",
"provenance"... | null |
27nwa2 | what are einstein's two main postulates on special relativity, and what are the relativistic consequences of their effects? | [
{
"answer": "Einstein's theory of relativity states that time and velocity are relative to an observers point of view, or reference frame. His special theory is called such because it deals only with inertia reference frames which are reference frames that have no acceleration or change in gravitational potenti... | null |
5xlips | why in the military do some people get the best medical care in the country at places like walter reed while other military personnel and veterans get awful horrible care at va hospitals? | [
{
"answer": "A lot has to do with where and when your injured.\n\nActive duty and in combat: If it's sever enough you'll go to Walter Reed, otherwise you'll be in a different military hospital, some excellent, some okay, and some barely passable (just like any large dispersed group). \n\nNo longer active duty b... | null |
14oeqe | Is a rain (snow?) of carbon dioxide possible in Antarctica? | [
{
"answer": "It's cold enough, but there is very little CO2 in the atmosphere. You can't look at the sublimination point at 1 atm because the partial pressure of CO2 is much lower. The low partial pressure of carbon dioxide would cause it to subliminate in this environment--some molecules are freezing out, bu... | null |
3l3mmu | what is web api and what is it used to accomplish? | [
{
"answer": "An API is a defined way for one person's code to interact with another person's code. \"Web API\" means an API that uses the standard systems of the world wide web to interact with each other. For example, you can see reddit's API documentation [here](_URL_0_). It's a list of web addresses you can ... | null |
cppwmc | What are ideal situations for the creation of stalactites or stalagmites? | [
{
"answer": "Quite a lot has been published and I'll list some papers below which will be of interest to you but essentially, everything comes down to a chemical equilibrium between carbonate and calcium^i ions on one side, and calcium carbonate (limestone), water, and CO2 on the other (e.g. see [here](_URL_0_)... | null |
yn04g | How has modern infantry equipment evolved? | [
{
"answer": "Soldier and amateur military historian here. \n\nFirst we need to talk about load type. Depending on the time frame of resupply and mission. They break down in the following:\n\nFighting Load- Everything a soldier needs as mission essential to enter combat. It is the bare minimum of gear inclu... | null |
aqwkrs | Has the Earth expanded over the last 3 billion years and is it still? | [
{
"answer": "The expanding Earth or growing Earth hypothesis asserts that the position and relative movement of continents is at least partially due to the volume of Earth increasing. Conversely, geophysical global cooling was the hypothesis that various features could be explained by Earth contracting.\n\nAlth... | null |
363z7e | Length of Wehrmacht Deployments in World War II? | [
{
"answer": "Well, to quote Kipling: \"There is no discharge in the war!\"\nYou didn't go on deployment in the Wehrmacht, you were entitled to, under the best of circumstances, two weeks of leave twice a year (for the Field Army/ combat troops) or once a year (for the Replacement Army/reserves, garrison personn... | null |
c9h61c | how come after a cia or military operation gets declassified the files say “redacted” for certain things? | [
{
"answer": "Because there are still secret aspects of the file that cannot be revealed to the public. A file doesn't have to be 100% declassified to be \"declassified\", if that makes sense - it just means that it has to go through the process of being cleared for public release.",
"provenance": null
},
... | null |
6i95fc | how come is it incredibly hard for me to get back in shape at age of 45? | [
{
"answer": "This is going to get removed but here it is:\n\nFiber is the key. Fiber and water. You have to poop a lot. That's it.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Its a cumulative effect. Testosterone loss is a huge cause of weight gain and the ability to lose weight. \r\rHowever old age in ... | null |
3v4riw | god rays; why they give the impression the sun is only just above the clouds | [
{
"answer": "_URL_0_\n\n > Despite seeming to converge at a point, the rays are in fact near-parallel shafts of sunlight, and their apparent convergence is a perspective effect (similar, for example, to the way that parallel railway lines seem to converge at a point in the distance).",
"provenance": null
... | null |
18rka2 | why do public domain books cost money on app stores? | [
{
"answer": "They sell it to people who don't know it is in public domain or don't know where to find it for free.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": " > Does making something into an e-book cost a lot of money even though it is already available online?\n\nYes, is the short answer.\n\nIt's kind o... | null |
2lc5g9 | How did life evolve to snakes? What was the natural selection? | [
{
"answer": "Snakes share a common ancestor with modern lizards, which was a legged lizard. Apparently some species actually benefitted from losing their legs, which is where natural selection comes in.\n\n[Certain modern lizards](_URL_0_) provide good example of what the intermediates must've looked like. Thes... | null |
280pvf | what is motivation? i mean what is going on in the brain when somebody gets motivation or has motivation? | [
{
"answer": "A popular model of motivation requires two things: an incentive (something of value), and the belief that you will get that thing. So, what is going on in your brain is an appraisal of value (I want that thing) and an assessment of your ability to do what is needed to get that thing.\n\nGoal-settin... | null |
soh00 | How would the daily life of the common man be different if Einstein hadn't made his discoveries? | [
{
"answer": "A quantum mechanical understanding of materials was necessary to develop the transistor and the entire computer revolution that came from it.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "The most obvious thing I can think of right now is that GPS would either not exist at all, or work very diff... | null |
6jpmsi | why do the cups of water i set out at night end up with bubbles and a "stale" taste in the morning? | [
{
"answer": "The bubbles have something to do with the oxygen being gassed out especially if the water is cold, since cold water holds more oxygen. And the taste is CO2 being dissolved in the water over the period of time which creates a chemical compound H₂CO₃ - carbonic acid. So the increase of the acid chang... | null |
61r0s5 | why can't we upgrade our smartphones like we do on personal computers? | [
{
"answer": "Smartphones are very small. They are built with components that have to fit very tightly together, otherwise there either won't be room inside the case, or the components might interfere with each other, or the heat dispersal won't be effective and the phone will overheat. The same problem applies ... | null |
y4kgv | Does a person's body still become rested if only laying down instead of completely asleep? | [
{
"answer": "The effects of sleep are primarily related to brain function, and that recuperation does not happen from just laying down all night. If you actually needed a physical break then that would help (but chances are you probably didn't).",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "I'm not sure abou... | null |
7ce93w | how does sequence and separation of files in the deletion process of the computer work? | [
{
"answer": " > How does the computer decide what to delete first?\n\nTypically the delete command will assume that the sequence does not matter, so it just uses the most easily or quickly available one. Most likely, it will just call a routine to list the contents and delete them in that order, and that routin... | null |
3h5imf | what is really the difference between high end sunglasses (like ray-bans) and cheap sunglasses (like some from walmart) | [
{
"answer": "The integrity of the materials used in the high-end glasses is much higher compared with the low-end. If you just try on a pair of high-end sunglasses at the store the difference is very noticeable.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Quality of construction and materials, quality of d... | null |
6ip56k | if left alone, will the debris in space around earth coalesce into a ring, if so how long 'til it happens? | [
{
"answer": "The manmade satelites that aren't in a graveyard orbit will eventually reenter the atmosphere and burn up. Eventually the ones in the graveyard orbit will too but that will be quite a while. There isn't enough matter currently orbiting the earth to form rings comparable to our solar neighbours, sav... | null |
cicv4h | if the earth’s crust is so thin relative to the thickness of the core and mantle, how come we don’t feel all that heat? | [
{
"answer": "\"Relatively thin\" is still 20-30 miles of rock on average for continental crust. That's a lot of padding between us and the heat.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "We do.\n\nHowever, the minor constant heat exuding from the core of the earth generally pales in comparison to the dai... | null |
6ninf0 | Do we have any proofs that "Armenian Genocide" was intentional? | [
{
"answer": "In short, yes. [This section] (_URL_0_) of the FAQ may be helpful.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Never heard of accidental genocides. Do they exist? ",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "6995889",
"titl... | null |
1wsdss | Why were the international soldiers who participated in the Spanish Civil War, to fight fascism, upon return home (to the US and Canada to be more precise) investigated by their nations and not allowed to serve in WWII? | [
{
"answer": "What books or what were you reading that said that? There were definitely soldiers who served the Abraham Lincoln Brigade who then served in WW2 for America. \n\nHere's one example: _URL_0_\n",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": ... | null |
53n89r | does the expansion of the universe have any measurable effects on smaller scales? | [
{
"answer": "If by smaller scales you are talking about superclusters of galaxies then yes, there is a small measurable effect. However even the short distance between the Milky Way and Andromeda is too short for the expansion of the universe to be measurable. The gravity between the galaxies is much stronger a... | null |
2jkb6t | why we hear about new cancer treatments, but patients still just get surgery, chemo, and radiation? | [
{
"answer": "Because some therapies don't work on the cancer, just like some drugs don't work. For example, my mom also has Pancan (stage IV - was given six months to live THREE YEARS AGO and is in complete remission). They did a number of procedures on her but she always did a chemo combo of tarceva and gemzar... | null |
d728xu | Did Native American tribes who supported the Confederacy suffer any specific repercussions for this alliance? | [
{
"answer": "I touch on the fallout some in [this broader answer](_URL_0_) which may be of interest.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "21546927",
"title": "Conclusion of the American Civil War",
"section": "Section::::Camp ... | null |
1trko4 | why can we tell if a bill (currency) is fake or not/ | [
{
"answer": "It's because making some of those special authenticating things require very specific materials and tools which are not commercially available. That means that when a person tries to make a counterfeit bill, he/she needs to inspect all the materials very thoroughly if the bill needs to look complit... | null |
5lrbf0 | why are drug stores selling products that have a disclaimer saying "no approved therapeutic claim"? | [
{
"answer": "The simple answer: There's a demand for said products.\n\nThere's a demand for those products, even if there is no proof that the products actually work.\n\nThere are tons of people using treatments that science hasn't prooved to be working (e.g. homeopathy). \n\nThe other side of the simple answer... | null |
7gwq7j | why having a diet high in salt is bad for your heart | [
{
"answer": "Simple explanation given to me I'm on a heart medication and diuretic (increased peeing = water and sodium levels decreased in blood) \n\nSodium is a known to cause fluid retention aka the more sodium you take in the more water stays in the body and not filtered out. \n\nso high salt = high amount ... | null |
tygrj | Is there any scientific evidence to prove that each individual perceives everything the same? | [
{
"answer": "Wittgenstein's [private language argument](_URL_0_) might be interesting to you. That, and of course the vast literature following it.\n\n**Edit:** Better link.",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": "Actually, there is very good reason to believe that while there may be some differences i... | null |
1er5sh | When a computer screen is cracked at one spot, why does the entire screen no longer work? | [
{
"answer": "Pixels turn completely white (transparent) when you switch them off. When your screen cracks a conductor that is wired in series is severed, thus pixels are powered off while background light keeps running. The black blotch is the result of messed up polarizing filter and/or pixels cracking and lea... | null |
4j47ol | How in God's Name was Prohibition Ratified in the United States? | [
{
"answer": "It's easy to look back and wonder what they were thinking, I agree. Temperance advocates had various advantages. There does seem to have been enormous enthusiasm, a deep conviction among the Temperance forces that banning alcohol would save most families from destruction, enable men to lead product... | null |
1tw5qz | How do wild animals get rid of fleas? | [
{
"answer": "Almost every wild animal will host a wide variety of parasites for its entire life. Some of these are relatively innocuous - for example [eyelash mites](_URL_3_) in humans. Some are much [less pleasant](_URL_2_).\n\nIntestinal worms are very common - almost universal - in most species of wild mamma... | null |
5tnxne | Why didnt the civil war have armor? Wasn't close quarters fighting common? | [
{
"answer": " > **Why didnt the civil war have armor?**\n\nThe American Civil War did see many experiments in body armor; Bashford Dean in [Helmets and Armor in Modern Warfare](_URL_1_) 58-59 notes:\n\n > It is known that breastplates were worn more or less frequently during the American Civil War. In the mus... | null |
13ha4m | Why did France grant Monaco independence in 1861? | [
{
"answer": "A very similar question was just asked a few days ago, you may want to search for answers here:\n_URL_0_",
"provenance": null
},
{
"answer": null,
"provenance": [
{
"wikipedia_id": "30211084",
"title": "France–Monaco relations",
"section": "Section::::H... | null |
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