Datasets:

vector-institute
/

open-pmc-18m

json dict	__key__ stringlengths 6 6	__url__ stringclasses 29 values
{ "caption": "Rescuing Molecular Oscillations within the LNvs Is Not Sufficient to Rescue Locomotor Activity RhythmsThe rescued mutant genotype is y w;pdf–GAL4;UAS–CYC,cyc01/cyc01. The flies were entrained in standard LD conditions and timepoints taken. Molecular oscillations were examined by whole-mount in situ hybr...	000000	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "All Brain Clock Neuronal Groups Maintain Robust Oscillations of tim RNA Levels in DDWild-type flies were entrained for at least 3 days and then released into DD. tim RNA was assayed at trough (left panels) and peak (right panels) timepoints by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Wild-type flies in LD (A)...	000001	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A PDF Peptide Binds to Many Cells, Including Several Clock Neuronal GroupsIn vitro biontinylated PDF peptide was used to visualize the peptide binding locations (middle panels, with Cy3) in the brain (see Materials and Methods for details). We used membrane-bound GFP (green panels on the left) to label ...	000002	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Electron micrograph of Proteobacteria in eukaryotic cell", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Electron microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_comme...	000003	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A. Real time image of the translocation of ARF1-GFP to the plasma membrane. HeLa cells that had been stably transfected with ARF1-GFP were transiently transfected with myc-ARNO, serum starved overnight, and treated with 100 nM insulin. Images were collected every 30 seconds using a Molecular Dynamics 20...	000004	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A Constellation of NeuronsImage courtesy of Miles Herkenham.", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_fileli...	000005	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Expression of Dll in Bacteriocytes and the Pattern of Bacteriocyte Development Are Conserved in Parthenogenetic Females of P. spyrothecae\nConfocal micrographs of P. spyrothecae parthenogenetic embryos stained with anti-Dll antibody (red).(A) Dll is first detected in stage 6 embryos in one or two nuclei...	000006	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Elimination of B. aphidicola by Treatment with Antibiotics Has No Effect on the Determination and Maintenance of the Bacteriocyte Cell Fate in A. pisum\n(A–C) Confocal micrographs of control embryos stained with anti-Dll antibody (red) show expression of Dll, as described in Figure 1. Enlarged views of ...	000007	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "The Second Wave of Bacteriocyte DeterminationIn (A)–(D), the embryos, which are normally folded in upon themselves in a pretzel shape within the ovariole (Miura et al. 2003), have been dissected flat, stained with anti-Dll antibody (red) and phalloidin (green), and examined with a confocal microscope.(A...	000008	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Bacteriocytes Are Retained in One Species That Has Evolutionarily Lost Bacteria, but Not in Males of Another Species That Do Not Inherit Bacteria(A and B) Confocal micrographs of embryos of T. styraci stained with anti-Dll antibody (red). In T. styraci, in which B. aphidicola has been evolutionarily los...	000009	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Expression of Three Transcription Factors during Early Bacteriocyte Development(A) Drawings of some stages of pea aphid embryonic development, approximately to scale. Embryos develop viviparously within a follicular epithelium of the ovariole (data not shown). For a complete description, see Miura et al...	000010	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Caenorhabditis elegans worms", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Radiology", "secondary_modality": "Magnetic Resonance", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_0-PMC212701-0-pb...	000011	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "ARK and DRONC Are Required for Spermatid Individualization(A and C) Testis from β2tub-Ark-RNAi and β2tub-Dn-DRONC males, respectively. Active DRICE-positive cysts are present, but cystic bulges and waste bags are largely absent.(B and D) Investment cone movements in testis from β2tub-Ark-RNAi and β2tub-...	000012	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "The bln1 P-Element Insertion, Which Inhibits Cyt-c-d Expression, Results in Pleiotropic Defects in Spermatogenesis(A) Genomic organization of the cyt-c-d region. Upper half of the panel illustrates the structure of the region, as described by Arama et al. (2003). The lower half of the panel indicates th...	000013	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "HID, dFADD, and DREDD Participate in Individualization(A) HID protein (green) is concentrated in the region of the cystic bulge, which is marked by the presence of the phalloidin-stained individualization complex (red).(B) HID immunoreactivity is absent in testis from hid 05014/H99 flies.(C) Active DRON...	000014	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "DRONC Activation Occurs in Association with Individualization Complexes and Is ARK-Dependent(A and B) Wild-type testis stained for active DRICE (green), phalloidin-stained filamentous actin (red), and TOTO-3-stained DNA (blue). (A) Active DRICE is present throughout the length of cysts undergoing indivi...	000015	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Active DRICE Is Eliminated from the Cytoplasm of Wild-Type Spermatids Following Passage of the Individualization Complex, but Not from Spermatids in Which Caspase Activity Has Been Inhibited(A) Cystic bulge from a wild-type cyst stained with active DRICE (red). The cystic bulge (arrowhead) is moving to ...	000016	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "driceless Males Lack Active Drice Staining and Show Defects in Individualization(A) Testis from driceless male stained with active DRICE. Active DRICE staining is eliminated.(B) Elongated cysts from driceless male. AXO49 staining (blue) outlines the location of three cystic bulges. Individualization com...	000017	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Caspase Activity Is Required for Spermatid Individualization(A–C) Testis of different genotypes were visualized with antibodies specific for activated Drice (green). (A) Wild-type testis. Active DRICE is present in multiple elongated cysts. Cystic bulges (cb) and waste bags (wb) are indicated by arrows....	000018	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Developing spermatids in a normal Drosophila testis", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commer...	000019	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Histological Architecture of CSR Gene Expression in Breast CancerRepresentative ISH of LOXL2 and SDFR1 and IHC of PLOD2, PLAUR, and ESDN are shown (magnification, 200×). Panels for LOXL2, PLAUR, PLOD2, and ESDN represent cores of normal and invasive ductal breast carcinoma from different patients on the...	000020	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Effect of deH on Agouti ExpressionComparable sections from at/at; deH/deH and at/at; +/+ littermates.(A) At E14.5, deH/deH embryos have a smaller body cavity and loose skin within which Agouti expression appears to be shifted dorsally, as marked by arrows (scale bars = 500 μm).(B) At P4.5, Agouti expres...	000021	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Embryonic Establishment of Dorsoventral Skin PatterningPieces of skin from dorsal, flank, and ventral regions of at/a E12.5 embryos were transplanted into the testes of congenic animals as described in the text. Hair color of the grafts was examined 3 wk later. Grafts of ventral embryonic skin (n = 3) p...	000022	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Developmental Expression of Tbx15\n(A) At E12.5, transverse sections at different levels show expression in head mesenchyme (a and b); myotome, occipital, and periocular mesenchyme (b); palatal shelf, cervical sclerotome, and nasal cartilage (c); maxillary and mandibular processes (d); limbs (e); and my...	000023	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Embryonic Expression of Tbx15 Compared to Agouti in at/at Mice(A and C) Tbx15. (B and D) Agouti. At E12.5, expression of Tbx15 in dorsal skin is approximately complementary to that of Agouti in ventral skin. At E14.5, the levels of expression for both genes are lower, but Tbx15 expression has expanded v...	000024	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Centrosome-independent spindle assembly", "domain": null, "primary_modality": null, "secondary_modality": null, "source_license": null, "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_0-PMC314476-0-pbiop0020026pg001.jpg"...	000025	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Centriole Migration in Primary Spermatocytes(A) Time-lapse series of confocal images from a wild-type primary spermatocyte expressing GFP-PACT (centrioles) and His2AvD–GFP (chromosomes). The centrioles (arrows) can be seen moving away from the plasma membrane (0) towards the nucleus (N) and then migrati...	000026	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Time-Lapse Series of Meiosis Progression in Control, asp, and Colcemid-Treated SpermatocytesTimepoint 0 coincides with the time of NEB revealed by the sudden entry of GFP signal into the nucleus. In control cells (Video 2), microtubules are mainly organised around the centrosomes (arrows). However, when...	000027	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Chromosome Segregation in Anastral Spindles in Drosophila Spermatocytes(Control [Video 5]) At metaphase I (0), the bivalents (revealed by a His2Avd–YFP fusion, shown by double arrowheads) are aligned in the middle of the spindle (revealed by a GFP–α-tubulin fusion), at the metaphase plate. At the onset ...	000028	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "The Place of Noncentrosomal Microtubule NucleationThe initial stages of noncentrosomal microtubule nucleation revealed by an endogenous GFP–α-tubulin fusion (left) and phase contrast (right). Following the corresponding videos, it is possible to unmistakably tell the chromosomes (arrows) apart form the ...	000029	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "SIRT-1 Deacetylase—the Human Enzyme That Promotes Cell Survival—in a Dividing Human CellThe enzyme is marked in red, and the image is superimposed on acetylated proteins (green) and condensed chromosomes (blue). (Image courtesy of David Sinclair.)", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microsco...	000030	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Expression of ArmΔArm Leads to the Nuclear Localization of Endogenous ArmProtein(A) Wild-type Arm protein appears in stripes that correspond to cells responding to Wg signaling.(B) Expression of ArmΔArm in an armF1a background leads to the nuclear localization of endogenous Arm.(C and D) Dark-field imag...	000031	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "C-Terminally Truncated Arm Can Signal If Its Levels Are Increased(A) armXM19 shows a wg mutant phenotype.(B) Expression of GAL4/UAS-driven ArmXM19 protein in armXM19 mutant background rescues this to a wild-type pattern.(C) The same is true of expression of an endogenous promoter-driven truncation ArmS8...	000032	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "ΔArm Functions through Endogenous Arm(A) Embryonic cuticle of armF1a mutant showing a weak loss-of-function phenotype.(B) Cuticle of armLM134 mutant embryo showing a strong loss-of-signaling phenotype.(C) Embryo mutant for armF1a expressing ArmΔArm showing relatively normal segment polarity.(D) armLM134...	000033	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Relief of C-Terminal Repression through the Elimination of Cby Leads to Uniform Activation of Signaling(A) A wild-type cuticle shown for comparison.(B) Expression of ArmΔArm in the armF1a background.(C) Expression of a Cby RNAi construct along with ArmΔArm in the armF1a background.(D) Expression of a Cb...	000034	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "ArmΔArm Requires Endogenous ArmEndogenous allele indicated at top; ectopically expressed transgenes indicated at left.(A) The wild-type cuticle of a Drosophila embryo.(B) The armXM19 “weak” allele phenotype, similar to wg mutations in which the entire cuticle is covered with denticles.(C) The armO43A01 ...	000035	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Tumor MorphologiesHemotoxylin and eosin staining of WAP-T121 (C and D) and WAP-T\n121\np53+/− (A and B) (also representative of WAP-T121) tumor sections shows that terminal stage adenocarcinomas have varied morphologies. Poorly differentiated solid tumors were comprised of nests (A) or cords of epitheli...	000036	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Mammary-Specific Inactivation of the pRb Pathway Induces Extensive AbnormalitiesHistologic comparisons of nontransgenic (A–D), mosaic (F0 line 2 [E–H]), and transgenic (F1, line 3 [I–L]) lactating mammary glands reveals that T121 expression results in increased proliferation and apoptosis. Hemotoxylin a...	000037	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "EGF-CFC Coreceptor Depen-dence Determines Susceptibility to Antagonism by Lefty(A–L) Embryos were injected with 75 pg of SqtActβB[loopβ8] mRNA (A–C), 75 pg of SqtActβA[loopβ8] mRNA (D–F), 200 pg of Vg1ActβB[loopβ8] mRNA (G–I), or 200 pg ActSqt[Finger1-loopβ8] mRNA (J–L). Embryos were further double-inje...	000038	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "EGF-CFC Coreceptors Genetically Interact with LeftyLive wild-type zebrafish embryos at 30 h postfertilization (hpf).(A1, B1, and C1) Ventral views of the head.(A1′, B2, B3, and C1′) Lateral views, with anterior to the left, dorsal up.(A1, A1′, B1, B2, and B3) Wild-type embryos were injected with 20 pg o...	000039	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Solid Tumor Growth Is Inhibited by Systemic RI-TATp53C′ Peptide Administration(A) Delivery of RI-TATp53C′-biotin to subcutaneous TA3/St tumors after IP administration to immune competent A/J mice.(B) Reduction of solid TA3/St tumor growth in immune competent mice as a result of systemic administration o...	000040	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Decreased Fiber CoherenceDecreased fiber coherences, as observed with DTI, in persistent developmental stutterers compared with a fluent control group. A red dot indicates the peak difference in a coronal (top left), axial (top right), and a sagittal (bottom) slice.", "domain": "Medical", "primary_m...	000041	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "PhageNegative stain electron micrograph of the gamma phage from which the PlyG lytic enzyme was cloned for use to control B. anthracis. (Photograph courtesy of Vincent Fischetti and Raymond Schuch, The Rockefeller University.)", "domain": null, "primary_modality": null, "secondary_modality": null,...	000042	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Transgene expression is associated with increased cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis)", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_...	000043	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A Taste Bud in a MouseThis taste bud was taken from a transgenic mouse in which the marker green fluorescent protein is being driven by the T1R3 promoter; 20%–30% of the cells in the taste bud are expressing T1R3. (Photograph courtesy of Sami Damak, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, Un...	000044	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Non-Taster or Supertaster?(A) Top surface of the tongue of a non-taster.(B) Tongue of a supertaster. The small circles are fungiform papillae, each of which contains about six taste buds.", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Light microscopy", "source_l...	000045	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Transmission electron micrograph of Wolbachia within an insect cell (Image courtesy of Scott O'Neill)", "domain": null, "primary_modality": null, "secondary_modality": null, "source_license": null, "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_fi...	000046	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Localization of Puf ProteinsTAP-tagged Puf proteins were visualized in fixed cells. DNA was costained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dimethylsulfoxide (DAPI).", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Electron microscopy", "source_license": "other", "s...	000047	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "MRIs of a normal individual (bottom left) and a patient with microcephaly caused by an ASPM mutation (bottom right). Primate skulls provided courtesy of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Radiology", "secondary_modality": "Magnetic Res...	000048	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Time-Lapse Imaging of Astrocytes In VivoFour astrocytes, from which fluorometric Ca2+ imaging (0.5 Hz) was made, are outlined. A blood vessel, outlined by the astrocyte end feet, runs diagonally across the viewed area. White arrows show the end foot connected to the imaged astrocyte.", "domain": "Medi...	000049	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "FMRI Signal in RH aSTG during Initial Solving Efforts(A) Voxels in right temporal lobe showing baseline-to-peak event-related FMRI signal when subjects first encounter problems, overlaid on the averaged normalized structural image of all subjects. The cluster is in RH aSTG, with a volume of 469 mm3, wit...	000050	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "FMRI Insight Effect in RH aSTG(A) Voxels showing greater FMRI signal for insight than noninsight solutions, overlaid on the averaged normalized structural image of all subjects. The active area has a volume of 531 mm3 (peak t = 4.89 at 44, −9, −9 in Talairach space).(B) and (C) Group average signal chan...	000051	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "CAP Mutant ClonesFollicle cells lacking CAP accumulate actin (red) in their apical region. Ena (blue in the bottom panel), also accumulates apically in the mutant cells (looks pink in the clone of cells due to overlap with F-actin in red). The mutant cell clones are identified by the absence of GFP (gre...	000052	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Astrocyte in the cerebral cortex", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_0-PMC3...	000053	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "The Blastula Dorsal Animal Cap Is Specified to Form CNS(A) Experimental diagram showing embryos injected with CerS mRNA from which three regions of the animal cap were dissected at blastula, cultured until stage 26, and processed for RT-PCR. The size of the explants was 0.3 mm by 0.3 mm in these samples...	000054	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "The BCNE Center Contributes to Forebrain and Midline Structures(A) Method used for lineage tracing of the BCNE center with biotin-dextran amine (BDA) labeled grafts.(B) Sagittal section of a recently grafted BCNE at stage 9.(C) Chd mRNA expression at stage 9.(D) BCNE descendants at stage 10.5.(E) Chd mR...	000055	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Embryos with Defective Myocardial Function Do Not Form AV ECs(A–C) Fluorescence micrographs of embryos carrying a tie2::GFP transgene, visualized at 48 hpf. In (A), the endocardial ring is visible as a collection of GFP-positive cells at the AV boundary in wild-type (wt) embryos (red arrow). In (B), sih...	000056	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Sequence and Expression Analysis of cfk\n(A) cfk encodes a sarcomeric actin highly homologous to zebrafish α-cardiac and α-skeletal actins. Cfk differs from zebrafish α-cardiac actin at six residues and from zebrafish α-skeletal actin at four residues, but from zebrafish β-actin at 28 residues. Residues...	000057	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "CDSC-Pax7 Cells Become Myogenic ProgenitorsMyf5 (A–C) and MyoD (D–F) protein (green) are expressed in proliferating CDSC-Pax7 cells. Exposure of CD45+:Sca1+ cultures to low mitogen medium induced the formation of multinucleated myotubes and expression of myogenic differentiation markers including MyHC (...	000058	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "CDSC-Pax7 Cells Efficiently Contribute to the Repair of Dystrophic Muscle(A) Wild-type muscle expressed dystrophin at the plasmalemma of all myofibers.(B) Dystrophin protein was not detected in muscle sections from dystrophin-deficient mdx:nude mice (mdx:nu).\n(C–F) CDSC-Pax7 cells differentiated in viv...	000059	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Adenovirus-Pax7 Significantly Improves Regeneration In Vivo(A and B) Infection of ctx-damaged Pax7\n −/− muscles with Ad-Pax7 resulted in markedly improved muscle integrity and a significantly increased number of Desmin immunoreactive (green) regenerated fibers (B) relative to muscles treated with Ad-La...	000060	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Pax7-infected stem cells rescue dystrophin expression", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_comm...	000061	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "tie2::GFP+ cells form the endocardial cushions", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_...	000062	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Spindle Cell Tumors Resembling MPNSTs in Zebrafish Heterozygous for Mutations in RP Genes(A and B) Fish with apparent masses, as indicated by the arrows, or other evident pathology were selected for histological analysis: (A) a hi2582 fish, (B) a hi1034B fish.(C–H) Histopathology of representative tumor...	000063	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Reversal Learning and the Orbitofrontal Cortex(A) Lateral and ventral views of the surface reconstructions of the lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex lesions in monkeys (adapted from Iversen and Mishkin 1970), with the former monkeys having difficulty with the reversal task.(B) A ventral view of the...	000064	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Zebrafish kugelig MutantsThe image shows live one-week-old zebrafish embryos. The embryos around the outside are wild-type fish. Those in the middle are a mutant called kugelig and have a homozygous mutation in a gene called cdx4. Loss of the proper functioning of this gene causes the obvious trunk and ...	000065	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Zebrafish Hindbrain(Left) Dorsal view of GFP-expressing neurons in the hindbrain of a one-day-old zebrafish embryo. (Right) Antibody-labelled axons. (Image courtesy of Dave Lyons, University College London.)", "domain": "Other", "primary_modality": "Other", "secondary_modality": "Other", "source...	000066	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A Zebrafish Pigment MutantThe mutant called bleached blond was produced by insertional mutagenesis. The embryos in the picture are four days old. At the top is a wild-type embryo, below is the mutant. The mutant lacks black pigment in the melanocytes because it fails to synthesise melanin properly. (Ima...	000067	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Ras at the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae", "domain": null, "primary_modality": null, "secondary_modality": null, "source_license": null, "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_0-PMC406405-0-pbiop0020151pg001....	000068	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Different Activation Patterns in the Brains of Dyslexics As Compared to Normal Subjects in a Rhyming Task(Images courtesy of John Gabrieli, Stanford University.)", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Radiology", "secondary_modality": "Magnetic Resonance", "source_license": "other", "subf...	000069	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "In Vivo Two-Photon Imaging Through the Thinned SkullYellow cameleon 3.12 at different depths (MTH-YC3.12-8) (A) and with high resolution (MTH-YC3.12-7) (B). (C) IP at different depths (MTH-IP-1).", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Electron microscopy", ...	000070	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Doxycycline and tTA-Dependent FCIP ExpressionImmunohistochemical assay (A–F) using rabbit polyclonal GFP antibodies/peroxidase-DAB system: (A) YC3.12, single-positive (MTH-YC3.12-7), double-positive (MTH-YC3.12-7, αCamKII-tTA), and Dox-treated double-positive (MTH-YC3.12-7, αCamKII-tTA).(B) Cg2, single-...	000071	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Light-Evoked Ca2+ Responses in Retinal Ganglion Cells(A) Intact, light-sensitive retinal whole mount with Sulforhodamine 101 (red) in the extracellular space. Blood vessels are red; IP-positive (MTH-IP-12) retinal ganglion cells are green; and unstained ganglion cells are dark. (Scale bar: 50 μm).(B) Pr...	000072	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "In Vivo Imaging of Odor-Evoked Ca2+ Signals with Transgenic Indicators in the Olfactory Bulb(A–C) IP (MTH-IP-12). (A) Raw fluorescence image. (B) Time course of fluorescence signal in the corresponding regions outlined in (C) (matching line colors). The black trace shows respiratory activity. (C) Color-...	000073	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "In Situ Protein Localization(A) IF studies of glomerular protein expression in Actn4\n+/+, Actn4K228E/+ , and Actn4\nK228E/K228E mice. As indicated, expression of α-actinin-4, ZO-1, and nephrin is shown, as is a merged image of α-actinin-4 and ZO-1 expression.(B) Glomerular expression of α-actinin-4 in ...	000074	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "In Vivo PhenotypeElectron micrographs from Actn4 wild-type (A) and Actn4\nK228E/K228E mice (B–D). As shown, Actn4\nK228E/K228E mice were found to have abnormalities that were typically focal, with some areas of podocyte foot process effacement (B), as well as areas that appeared essentially normal (C). ...	000075	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Mutant α-Actinin-4 Behavior in Cells(A) Mutant and wild-type α-actinin-4 show different localization and dynamics when expressed in a conditionally immortalized differentiated mouse podocyte cell line. Differentiated podocytes were injected in the nucleus with equal concentrations of expression plasmid ...	000076	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Mean Component Cluster Equivalent Dipole LocationsThe mean scalp map for each of the nine component clusters could be well fit by a single equivalent dipole (mean residual variance: 4.8%). The figure shows the locations and orientations of these dipoles, as determined by BESA, plotted on the spherical h...	000077	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Four Different Species of Volvocales Algae(A) Gonium pectorale, (B) Eudorina elegans, (C) Pleodorina californica, and (D) Volvox carteri. These are unicellular organisms that live in colonies and have both large and small gametes. Photo courtesy of Aurora M. Nedelcu, from the Volvocales Information Proj...	000078	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Scars of Sex(A) Streaks of sperm (St) received after a mating interaction in the hermaphroditic flatworm, Pseudobiceros bedfordi. (B) Received sperm appears to “burn” holes (H) in the receiver. Some (unknown) component of the ejaculate dissolves the skin tissue. Sc, scar tissue. (C) Exceptional case whe...	000079	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Zooming in on mitochondria (Image by Peter Seibel, design by Shayna Roosevelt)", "domain": null, "primary_modality": null, "secondary_modality": null, "source_license": null, "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch...	000080	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Mutant α-actinin-4 is mislocalizes and aggregates in renal glomeruli", "domain": "Medical", "primary_modality": "Microscopy", "secondary_modality": "Fluorescence microscopy", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_...	000081	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A Cell Culture Screen Identifies Novel Regulators of the Innate Immune Response(A) LPS induces an increase of about 10-fold in the number of Dipt-lacZ cells that stain positively for β-galactosidase. Ecdysone sensitizes the cells and promotes the response.(B) Dipt-lacZ induction by LPS requires known Im...	000082	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "A GFP-Relish Reporter Cell Line Subdivides DDRi dsRNA into Three Categories(A–B) Immunofluorescence of GFP-Relish cells with GFP-Relish in green, DNA in blue, and actin in red. Relish is predominantly cytoplasmic in untreated control cells and rapidly translocates to the nucleus of cells incubated with ...	000083	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Malaria infecting red blood cells", "domain": null, "primary_modality": null, "secondary_modality": null, "source_license": null, "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_1-PMC434155-0-pbiop0020251pg001.jpg", "s...	000084	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Fate of Membrane Protein during Lysosomal FusionLysosomal membranes in MEFs were labeled by transfecting cells with a vector encoding a CD63–GFP fusion protein, and expression was allowed for 48 h. For simultaneous labeling of lysosomal membrane and lumen, the CD63–GFP transfected cells were labeled wit...	000085	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Presence of Syt VII Restricts the Size of the Fusion PoreThe lumen of lysosomes was loaded simultaneously using different-sized FITC- and TRITC-labeled dextran, using the approach described in Figures 1 and 2. Representative plots shown here demonstrate the fate of both dextran populations in individual...	000086	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Overexpression of Apically Localizing Fz1/2 Chimeras Has an Inhibitory Effect on Canonical Wnt Signaling(A–D) show adult wings of the respective genotypes. Anterior is up and distal to the right.(A) Adult wing of an en-Gal4/+; UAS-fz1–1-1/+ fly (en>fz1–1-1). en-Gal4 drives UAS reporter genes only in the...	000087	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Subcellular Localization of Fz1–1-1 in fmi− Mutant ClonesFz1–1-1 (Myc-tagged; shown in green) is expressed with omb-Gal4 (in large parts of the third instar wing pouch). fmiE59 clones were labeled by the absence of anti-βGal staining (red). A projection of several horizontal sections in the apical regio...	000088	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "The Cytoplasmic Region of Fz Regulates Subcellular LocalizationAll Fz1/2 chimeras shown are Myc-tagged (the tag being inserted right after the CRD of Fz1 or Fz2; see Materials and Methods; Boutros et al. 2000). The respective Fz1/2 chimeras, with their schematic structure shown under each photomicrograp...	000089	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Rescue of the fz− Eye Phenotype with tub-Promoter-Driven Fz ChimerasTangential eye sections with corresponding schematic in lower part of panel reflecting ommatidial polarity (respective genotypes are also marked below each panel). Black arrows, dorsal chiral form; red arrows, ventral chiral form; green...	000090	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Effects of Fz1/2 C-Tail Mutations on Subcellular Localization and PCP Activity(A) Sequence alignment of Fz1 and Fz2 C-tails. Note high degree of conservation within the membrane proximal shared portion of the Fz1 and Fz2 C-tails. The respective mutations generated and analyzed are indicated above the se...	000091	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Epigenetic Imprints at the Initiation of X Inactivation(A–H) Indirect immunofluorescence and subsequent DNA FISH analysis on mitotic chromosomes prepared from undifferentiated clone 36 ES cells after 3 d of Xist induction. H3K27m3 (A), H4K20m1 (B), and Ezh2 (D) are enriched on the arms of Chromosome 11 ...	000092	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "hairy Affects stg-lacZ Reporter Expression(A–F) β-galactosidase expression from the stg-lacZ reporter lines pstg β-E4.9 (A and B), pstg β-E6.4 (C and D), and pstg β-E6.7 (E and F) in wild-type (A, C, and E) and hairy mutant (B, D, and F) embryos. Note the expanded (de-repressed) lacZ expression in the h...	000093	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Hairy Binds to Putative Target Loci on Polytene Chromosomes(A) Hairy binds to polytene region 1A, the location of the Hairy target, ac.\n(B) Hairy is not found at 84A, the cytological location for ftz.\n(C–F) Hairy also binds to polytene region 99A, the location of stg (C); polytene region 3A, the locat...	000094	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Hairy Target Gene Expression Is Disrupted in the Mutant Background of the Cofactors Associated with a Particular TargetWhole mount in situ hybridization on wild-type (A, E, and I), groucho germline clone(B, F, and J), dCtBP germline clone (C, G, and K), and dSir2 mutant (D, H, and L) embryos with probes...	000095	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Expression of Hairy Target Genes Is Disrupted in hairy Mutant EmbryosWhole mount in situ hybridization on wild-type (A, C, E, G, I, K, and M) or hairy7H mutant (B, D, F, H, J, L, and N) embryos with probes recognizing prd (A and B), stg (C and D), ImpL2 (E and F), mae (G and H), egh (I and J), kayak (K ...	000096	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Hairy Binds to Specific Loci on Polytene Chromosomes(A and B) Hairy staining (green) on third instar larval salivary gland polytene chromosome sets counterstained with DAPI (blue) to visualize the chromosomes.(C and D) Higher magnification of chromosome arms X, 3R (C) and 2L, 2R (D).", "domain": null,...	000097	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "Polytene chromosomes (blue) stained for Hairy (green) and Groucho (red) binding", "domain": "Other", "primary_modality": "Other", "secondary_modality": "Other", "source_license": "other", "subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_com...	000098	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar
{ "caption": "FISH Confirmation of a Human-Specific Duplication of a Gene Cluster on Chromosome 5q13.3 Detected by Interspecies cDNA aCGH(A) Human duplication of a cluster of genes at Chromosome 5q13.3. is shown by two separate, and sometimes multiple, red BAC probe (CTD-2288G5) signals in interphase cells, with only...	000099	hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@55d965cbdff6a9fc02c8057fafee9db0ce600386/data_00000.tar

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

OPEN-PMC

Arxiv: Arxiv | Code: Open-PMC Github | Model Checkpoint: Hugging Face

Dataset Summary

This dataset consists of image-text pairs extracted from medical papers available on PubMed Central. It has been curated to support research in medical image understanding, particularly in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision tasks related to medical imagery. The dataset includes:

Extracted images from research articles.
Associated captions and sub-captions with each image.
All pairs are filtered medical image-text pairs.
All images are decomposed compound figures with their respective sub-captions.
Summarized in-text references to corresponding images for better model training.

Supported Tasks and Benchmarks

This dataset is designed for research in:

Medical Image Captioning: Training and evaluating models that generate descriptions for medical images.
Multimodal Learning: Studying the relationship between medical images and their textual descriptions.
Image-Text Retrieval: Enabling models to retrieve relevant images based on textual queries and vice versa.
Medical Language Understanding: Assisting in understanding complex medical terminology in images.

Languages

The dataset primarily contains text in English.

Dataset Structure

Data Fields

Each record in the dataset contains:

Image: Filename of each extracted and decomposed image.
Full caption: Original figure caption from the research paper.

Data Splits

The dataset does not contain predefined splits. Users can split the data as needed for training, validation, and testing.

Dataset Creation

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Processing

Data Collection: We used the raw data provided in BIOMEDICA.
Filtering: Non-medical image-text pairs were removed to ensure a focused dataset.
Compound Figure Decomposition: Multi-panel figures were split into individual sub-figures.

Annotations

The dataset does not contain additional manual annotations.

Uses

This dataset is designed for research purposes only and should not be used for:

Clinical diagnosis.
Medical decision-making.
Any real-world patient care applications.

Ethical Considerations

This dataset is derived from open-access publications available on PubMed Central.
Researchers should comply with ethical guidelines and ensure that their work does not imply clinical utility.
The dataset is intended strictly for academic and research purposes.

Citation

If you find the code useful for your research, please consider citing

@article{baghbanzadeh2025open,
  title={Open-PMC-18M: A High-Fidelity Large Scale Medical Dataset for Multimodal Representation Learning},
  author={Baghbanzadeh, Negin and Ashkezari, Sajad and Dolatabadi, Elham and Afkanpour, Arash},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.02738},
  year={2025}
}