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a node can be in one of three states: sleep, active, and listen. In the sleep state, the node turns off its radio until the sleep timer expires, and then it enters the listen state. In the listen state, the node collects hello messages from its neighbors and executes the Ks-coverage eligibility algorithm. The Ks-covera... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
are selected to increase the chance of exposure. As a result, the path found will contain a reasonable total exposure. The shortest-path heuristic model uses the shortest path between two points as the maximal exposure path. The result here may give the shortest path; however, it is not the optimal solution. The best-p... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
increasing the degree of sensing coverage, whereas decreasing the time on these parameters will decrease coverage. 6.4. Compression and aggregation Both data compression and aggregation reduce communication cost and increase reliability of data transfer. Data compression and aggregation are necessary for WSN applicatio... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
by a compression parameter k. Each node in the q-digest must satisfy two digest properties. The first property states that only leaf nodes may have high data values. The second property states that there should not be a node and its children with low data values. If the data value is small, a child's data value is merg... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
key share is encrypted and integrity protected with the existing share key for this link. Once key share is established, the attacker cannot recover data without access to all the key shares. Simulation results show that the network traffic grows linearly during key establishment. LKE: Location-aware key establishment ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
authenticity is message integrity, the detection of a tampered message. TinySec provides message authenticity and integrity by including a message authentication code (MAC) with each packet. The MAC is a cryptographicallysecure checksum of a message. The MAC is computed using a share secret key between the sender and t... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
optimization. In a dense WSN, there is a need for network-wide time synchronization. Time synchronization eliminates event collision, energy wastage, and non-uniform updates. Proposed time synchronization protocols aim to synchronize local node clocks in the network and reduce energy overhead. Continuing research shoul... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
and performs retransmission when there is a packet loss. End-to-end retransmission allows for variable reliability whereas hop-by-hop retransmission performs better when reliability requirements are high. A congestion control mechanism monitors and detects congestion, thereby conserving energy. Before congestion occurs... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
an ACK reaches the source node, the corresponding transmitted packet is deleted from the buffer. Every sensor node maintains two thresholds in its buffer: low and high thresholds. When the buffer reaches the lower threshold, the congestion bit is set with a certain probability. Once the buffer reaches the higher thresh... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
reliable downstream data delivery transport protocol for WSNs. It addresses the problem of reliable data transfer from the sink to the sensors. Reliability is defined in four categories: (1) guarantee delivery to the entire field, (2) guarantee delivery to a subregion of sensors, (3) guarantee delivery to a minimal set... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
If the observed delay-constrained event reliability is greater than the desire delay-constrained event reliability, the event is considered to be reliable. Otherwise, the report rate of the sensors must be increased to assure that the desired reliability level is met. DST also assures reliable and timely event detectio... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
uses a congestion control mechanism to reduce energy consumption while maintaining the desired reliability level at the sink. ESRT algorithm is run mainly at the sink. The sink computes the reliability factor and reporting frequency at each interval. The reliability factor is a measure of the data packets received from... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
source enters sink regulation. The sink sends a message to the source with a pre-defined event rate that the sink computed. When congestion is relieved, the sensor node would then regulate itself again without the sink. Results show that CODA can improvement performance and reduce energy usage. Open research issues The... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
to avoid congestion. Incorporating active queue management with congestion control may further reduce packet loss and increase throughput. The transport protocol should guarantee fairness among sensor nodes. One solution to this problem is to assign packets with priority. The problem of guaranteeing fairness in a frequ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
node blacklists a different set of neighbors for each new destination. Blacklisting of neighbors depend on the node's ranking within a set of neighbors. A node's ranking depends on its distance to the destination and the reception rate. Relative reception-based blacklisting prevents all neighbors to be blacklisted as i... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
2313 cure the network. The lower level contains sensors or cluster members while the upper level contains cluster heads. In the self-organization phase, sensor nodes are divided into clusters. Each cluster contains a cluster head. Sensor nodes communicate to the sink (or base station) via cluster heads. Data is first s... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
remaining energy. In SCR, the entire network is divided into equal-sized square cells. Each sensor is statically aware of its own location and that of the base stations. It is assumed that the base stations can be trusted while sensors can be compromised. Before deployment, each sensor node and the base station share a... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
review, two categories of routing approaches are explored: location-based routing and cluster-based routing. Location-based routing considers node location to route data. Cluster-based routing employs cluster heads to do data aggregation and relay the information to the base station. A comparison of security routing pr... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
other hand, decreases the number of retransmissions. The sender adds some more amount of redundant data into each message so that the receiver can detect and correct errors. The advantage of FEC is that retransmission is reduced and the wait time for sending an acknowledgement and retransmitting the data can be avoided... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
the network at random access periods. During this period, NP sends out small signalling packets to gather neighbor updates. If there are no updates, signalling packets are sent as keep-alive beacons. The signalling packets are used to maintain connectivity between neighbors. A node deletes a neighbor node from its tabl... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
an adaptive preamble sampling scheme. A set of adaptive bi-directional interfaces is used to reconfigure the protocol based on the network load. B-MAC contains the following functionality: clear channel assessment (CCA) and packet back off, link-layer acknowledgement, and low power listening (LPL). For collision avoida... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
By mixing CSMA and TDMA, Z-MAC becomes more robust to timing failures, time-varying channel conditions, slot-assignment failures, and topology changes. Performance results show that Z-MAC is better than B-MAC under medium to high contention. Under low contention, B-MAC is slightly better in terms of energy. Low power r... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
correlated data packets while N-MAC prioritizes the routing packets. CC-MAC protocol is implemented into each sensor node. In a WSN, the E-MAC protocol forms correlation regions to filter out correlated event information. In each region, a single representative sensor node is selected to transmit its data while all oth... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Low power distributed MAC CC-MAC Channel access mode Time-slotted random and scheduled access Clear channel assessment (CCA) Time-slotted random and scheduled access Time-slotted contention based slot reservation Multi-channel access Time-slotted contention based slot reservation Time synchronization Yes No Yes Yes No ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
can significantly reduce cost and energy. With respect to energy, the radio must be low power. Important considerations must be made when determining whether to use existing hardware. Depending on the characteristic of the WSN, there are tradeoffs among radios in terms of energy, data rate, error, transmission distance... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Energy at startup in some cases can be higher than the energy required for an actual transmission. For a transmitter that switches between the sleep to active state, a fast startup transmitter architecture is needed to minimize both energy and time. FN frequency synthesizer with RD modulator: Ref. [108] proposes a tran... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
of uncoded M-QAM and M-FSK, uncoded M-QAM is more bandwidth and energy efficient compared to uncoded M-FSK for short-range applications. Uncoded M-FSK, however, can be used in power-limited applications because it requires less transmitting power compared to M-QAM. For a coded system, coding has benefits which vary wit... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
benefits of a cross-layer approach. Below are these proposals. Table 4 Overview of physical-layer issues Design requirements Solutions Main concept Bandwidth choices Narrow band, Spread-spectrum, Ultra-wideband Spread-spectrum is preferred over narrow band because of its ability to reduce power, communicate effectively... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
node is assigned one time slot and has control over it. A time slot is divided into three sections: communication request (CR), traffic control (TC), and the data section. The CR section allows other nodes to make request to control the current time slot. The TC section allows the owner of the time slot to transmit a T... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
link adaptation. Link adaptation reduces the transmission time in relaying nodes thereby reducing energy consumption. Unified cross-layer protocol : The unified cross-layer protocol [118] combines the functionalities of the transport, network and medium access protocols into a single module. The unified cross-layer mod... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
algorithm for cross-layer optimization. The problem of computing the transmission power, data rates, and link schedule is formulated into an optimization problem. The goal is to maximize the network lifetime. The optimization problem has the following constraints: (1) flow conservation, (2) rate constraints, (3) energy... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
data-link and physical-layer technologies while supporting a variety of network protocols. With SP, multiple network protocols can coexist and work efficiently in the same network. EYES MAC and routing protocol Network and MAC layer EYES MAC protocol shares topological information with the source routing protocol to as... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
are humidity, temperature and light sensors. Radio range is 50 m indoor and 125 m outdoor. Gateway nodes provide a bridge to Ethernet. Each gateway node supports for up to two T-mote wireless modules Indoor and outdoor monitoring applications Gateway nodes: T-mote Connect Dust networks SmartMesh-XT motes: M1030, M2030,... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
network consists of mobile sensor nodes that have the ability to move Challenges – In-network data aggregation to improve performance across communication, energy cost, and delay – Minimizing energy cost – Reduce the amount of data communication – Finding the optimal route – Distributing energy consumption – Maintainin... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
configuration – Security – Maintainability and log network lifetime – Must achieve adequate coverage – Eliminate interference – Must be energy efficient to meet battery lifetime – Centralized protocol used for power management – Must be fault tolerant – Higher data rate using Intel motes compare to Mica2 motes – – Sing... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
– Minimize energy – – Multi-hop routing –– Volcano monitoring [32] – Sparse deployment – Linear configuration – High data rates – High battery consumption – Must have reliable data transmission – Time must be synchronized – Java-based GUI for network monitoring – – Multi-hop routing (MultiHopLQI) –– Health care monitor... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
[11] M. Rahimi, H. Shah, G.S. Sukhatme, J. Heideman, D. Estrin, Studying the feasibility of energy harvesting in mobile sensor network, in: Proceedings of the IEEE ICRA, 2003, pp. 19–24. [12] A. Kansai, M.B. Srivastava, An environmental energy harvesting framework for sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Internation... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
and rescue system using witnesses, in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys), San Diego, CA, 2005. [27] M. Rahimi, R. Baer, O.I. Iroezi, J.C. Garcia, J. Warrior, D. Estrin, M. Srivastava, Cyclops: in situ image sensing and interpretation in wireless sensor netwo... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys), San Diego, CA, 2005. [50] D. Ganesan, B. Greenstein, D. Perelyubskiy, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, An evaluation of multi-resolution storage for sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Sensys'03, Los Angeles, CA, 2003. J. Y... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Demaine, S. Teller, Mobileassisted localization in wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, Miami, FL, 2005. [66] S. Ganeriwal, D. Ganesan, H. Shim, V. Tsiatsis, B. Srivastava, Estimating clock uncertainty for efficient duty-cycling in sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Third International Co... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Medians and beyond: new aggregation techniques for sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Sensys'04, Baltimore, MD, 2004. [82] A. Wacker, M. Knoll, T. Heiber, K. Rothermel, A new approach for establishing pairwise keys for securing wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embe... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 6 (2006) 375–391. [97] R.K. Ganti, P. Jayachandran, H. Luo, T.F. Abdelzaher, Datalink streaming in wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the Sensys'06, Boulder, CO, 2006. [98] R.E. Blahut, Theory and Practice of Error Control Coding, AddisonWesley, New York, 1983. [99... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
P.J.M. Havinga, Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by cross-layer interaction, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine 11 (December) (2004) 78–86. [115] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, D. Estrin, An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor network, in: Proceedings of the Infocom, New York, 2002. [116] D.B.... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
winners of the 2000 and 2004 UC Davis College of Engineering Distinguished Dissertation Awards. To date, he has graduated nearly 25 PhD students, with almost the same number of MS students. Currently, he supervises the research of nearly 20 scholars, mainly PhD students and including visiting research scientists in his... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
1 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão 3.3 TRANSPORTE NÃO ORIENTADO PARA CONEXÃO : UDP2424 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão UDP: Transporte n ão orientado a ConexãoØO UDP, definido no [RFC 768], faz apenas quase tão pouco quanto um protocolo de transporte po... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
bits Soma de verificaçãoComplemento de 1, troca 0 por 1 e 1 por 0 Bit de transbordo 3030 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão Soma de verificação UDP – no destino1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 01 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1+ 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Internet das Coisas: da Teoria à Prática ❖ Proliferação de objetos inteligentes ❖ Capacidade de sensoriamento ❖ Conexão entre usuários e dispositivos ❖ Novas aplicações ❖ Capacidade e largura de banda limitada ❖ Limitação do hardware Resumo ❖ O que é a Internet das Coisas? ❖ Extensibilidade do termo rede ❖ Grande heter... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
802.3) ➢ oficializado em 1983 pelo IEEE ➢ simplicidade, facilidade de adaptacao, baixo custo. ❖ wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) ➢ lançado em 1997 ➢ alternativa ao padrão cabeado Ethernet ❖ ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) ➢ baixa vazão, baixo consumo energético ❖ Bluetooth Low Energy ➢ principais tecnologias de rede sem fio para PANs ❖ 3G/4... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
❏ Cada roteador RPL deve armazenar rotas para seus destinos. ❏ Cada nó gera e envia mensagens DAO para a raiz do DODAG ❏ Em nós mais próximos da raiz, o armazenamento necessário é definido pelo número de destinos na rede. ❏ Memória necessária em um nó próximo à raiz e um outro distante da raiz pode variar drasticamente... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
protocolos da Internet. suporte a segurança é implementado em diferentes camadas. ❖ Criptografia é recomendado para proteger ou detectar adulterações no sistema. ❖ algoritmos como Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) em conjunto com Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM) pode ser usado para manter confidencialidade entre saltos. por... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
leituras 1.5.4.2 Principais técnicas de pré-processamento 1.5.4.2 Principais técnicas de pré-processamento Imprecisões e outliers Lacunas nos dados Diferença de granularidade Combinação de diversas fontes 1.5.5 Extração de conhecimento Aprendizagem Supervisionada Aprendizagem não supervisionada Regras Ontologias Lógica... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
#include
#include
#include
#define MAX 6
//Constru‹o do Dado
typedef struct {
char info;
} Dado;
typedef struct {
Dado vetor[MAX];
int topo;
} Pilha;
void inicializar(Pilha * P) {
//Topo Ž inicializado com 0, significa Pilha vazia
P->topo = 0;
int i;
for(i = 0; i vetor[i].info = ' ';
bool isFull(Pilha * P){
if(P->topo... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
// listaCircularSimples.h
// listaCircularOrdemSimples
// Created by Andre Soares on 03/10/2018.
// Copyright © 2018 Andre Soares. All rights reserved.
#ifndef listaCircularSimples_h
#define listaCircularSimples_h
#include
#include
#include
typedef struct{
int chave;
char nomeLivro[30];
char idioma[10];
int paginas;
} ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
1 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão 3.5 TRANSPORTE ORIENTADO PARA CONEXÃO : TCP6767 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão Transporte orientado para conexão: TCPØResumo de mecanismos de transferência confiável de dados e sua utilização:oSoma de verificação: Usa... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
verificação (16 bits)oIdentificação de segmentos corrompidosØOpções (Tam. variável)oRaramente utilizadooPode ser usado para remetente e destinatário negociarem o MSS (MaximumSegmentSize) 7474 5 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão A Estrutura do Segmento TCPØCampo flag(6 bits)oACK: indica s... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
de transferência confiável de dados sobre o serviço de melhor esforço do IP.ØO serviço de transferência garante que a cadeia de bytes é idêntica à cadeia de bytes enviada pelo sistema final que está do outro lado da conexão:oNão está corrompida;oNão tem lacunas;oNão tem duplicações e está em sequência.ØOs procedimentos... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
se segmento começa no início da lacuna 88 12 Redes de Computadores 2014 by Pearson EducationErico Meneses Leão Retransmissão RápidaØO intervalo do temporizador é frequentemente bastante longo:olongo atraso antes de retransmitir um pacote perdidoØDetecta segmentos perdidos através de ACKsduplicados.oO transmissor normal... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
no lado servidor: 9797 | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
54 PERVASIVE computing Published by the IEEE CS n 1536-1268/17/$33.00 © 2017 IEEE Beyond Data in the Smart City: Repurposing Existing Campus IoT T he Internet of Things (IoT) is often portrayed as key to opening the door to smart cities, heralding a "smart future" facilitated by technology that joins together systems t... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
drawing attention to these issues will start an important dialogue among practitioners and researchers in academic and nonacademic settings alike. A case study using existing Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure to create a campus-scale "living laboratory" that promotes energy savings and environmental sustainabilit... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Building management systems — the BMSs control the heating, cool ing, and ventilation on campus and provide related data. They also provide a large range of telemetry data for the combined heat and power (CHP) generator, the boiler room, and internal and external building temperatures. • Energy monitoring system —the E... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Optimizing Heating Systems We can also help reduce wasted energy from overheated buildings. Figure 2 shows that the indoor temperature in this specific building is above a nominal 22°C level from approximately 5 a.m. until after 9 p.m. Assuming a "normal" temperature range of 19–22°C, we can reduce the temperature by a... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
clearly understand the implications of smart cities and living labs on those who live, work, and study in them. We echo calls for better contextualization of the day-to-day lives of citi zens in the smart city to help understand how people integrate and acknowledge the smart city environment 6 alongside how the smart c... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
particularly true of the BMS, where different versions of the same manufacturers' hardware and other hardware entirely are found in buildings constructed during different eras. A large portion of the work on our platform has gone into "unlocking" these potential data sources and developing software to manage important ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
sustainability policies and technologies for the people—and the practices that go on—inside specific buildings. We advocate qualitative observational and ethnographic field work to develop these understandings and inform intervention design. Smart city platforms thus must capture, and make available, this kind of quali... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
real do mains, without self-selection biases. These kinds of experiments are more common in certain disciplines, where fundamental ethical principles of minimizing harm to participants are considered sufficient, but in many countries and disciplines, that would require making adjustments to ethical approval processes a... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
the reality is that these solutions don't scale well due to de ployment and maintenance costs. The worth of this kind of study comes in developing new understandings of how a campus is implicated in practices, and how these understandings can help in the (co)design of a smart and sustain able campus. The Data Tells You... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Hz granularity), will we need finer/higher granularity than what IoT promises? One case for retrofitting is the inconsistent disaggregation due to a variety of differently aged meters and manu facturers being used throughout the EMS. The aggregation and representation of the data provided is dependent on subsystems, th... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
campus possible, including aiding the increase of the institution's impact in terms of economic value, contributions to academia, and education. With this in mind, given the context and com plexity of a university and its core business, it perhaps doesn't make sense to create policies that assume we can simply limit th... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Designing for Resource Man?" Interactions, vol. 21, no. 4, 2014, pp. 24–31. 12. E.F. Churchill, "From Data Divination to Data-Aware Design," Interactions , vol. 19, no. 5, 2012, pp. 10–13. 13. S. Easterbrook, "From Computational Thinking to Systems Thinking," Proc. 2nd Int'l Conf. ICT for Sustainabil ity (ICT4S), 2014;... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
// alocacao dinamica
#include
#include
int main(){
int *p1, *p2; //tipo base: que tipo de variavel
//o ponteiro pode apontar.
p1 = (int*) malloc (sizeof(int));
p1 = 2;
printf("Valor apontado por p1 = %d\n", *p1);
p2 = p1;
getchar();
printf("Valor apontado por p2 = %d\n", *p2);
p2 = 3;
getchar();
printf("Endereco de p1 ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
A Comparative Survey of LPW A Networking Joseph Finnegan Department of Computer Science Maynooth University Maynooth, Ireland Email: joseph.finnegan@cs.nuim.ie Stephen Brown Department of Computer Science Maynooth University Maynooth, Ireland Email: stephen.brown@nuim.ie Abstract—Motivated by the increasing variance of... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
must operate at low power. This has motivated the development of a number of new wireless protocols designed specifically for long distance, low power devices, which have been designated LPW A. Depending on the specific requirements of the application the particular Quality of Service (QoS) requirements will change, an... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
than a particular percentage of the time during a day, fundamentally limiting the potential throughput of the device [15]. In Europe, the ETSI regulations define subbands for use within the ISM bands. As an example, Table I outlines the spectrum access available in the 868MHz band for subbands that support wideband mod... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
standards will also be discussed, namely Nwave, Telensa, Weightless-P, RPMA (Ingenu), the Dash 7 Alliance Protocol, and NB-Fi (W A VIoT). III. U SE CASES OF LPWA In previous research, LPW A use cases have been described and defined based on potential applications areas, using imprecise terms (e.g. with "sport" or "heal... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
High Low High X [13] Self service bike rentals Medium Medium Low [5] Wearable devices Low High Low [21] as wireless industrial control, LPW A technologies cannot guarantee the availability and latency required for the necessary performance [9]. Because of the gateway-agnostic approach taken by most LPW A solutions, LPW... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
against interference [29]. LoRa is effectively a form of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) with integrated Forward Error Correction (FEC) [23]. In typical use cases, LoRa communicates over the licensefree sub-1GHz ISM bands. In Europe, 433MHz and 868MHz are available, with 868MHz being most commonly used as it is broader and... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
bands, LoRaW AN must follow the regulations defined by the region the network is deployed in. In Europe, the LoRaW AN standard specifies three channels which must be implemented in every LoRaW AN network - 868.10-868.225, 868.30-868.425, and 868.50-868.625. Beyond this, the LoRa network provider may define the channels... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
20 BYTES , BANDWIDTH = 125 KHZ SF Chips per Symbol Time transmitting (ms) Packets 7 128 71.936 417 8 256 133.632 224 9 512 246.784 121 10 1024 452.608 66 11 2048 987.136 30 12 4096 1810.432 16 The performance of a LoRaW AN network is limited by the strict access limitations imposed by the regional regulations, the furt... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
redundancy helps to ensure delivery, as the very limited downlink traffic prevents the regular use of acknowledgement messages. As Sigfox uses the same frequency subband as LoRa, it also must adhere to the same duty cycle regulations. Sigfox provide different engagement models (number of 12 byte messages allowed per da... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
be discussed in a later section. A clear distinction between cellular approaches and other LPW A technologies is that these cellular approaches operate on licenced bands and so do not have to deal with the same duty cycle regulations as other technologies. Essentially, NB-IoT is built from LTE with added simplification... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
subscription charge. Expected subscription charge information is not yet available. Deployments of NB-IoT will begin properly in 2017, though preliminary deployments have started at the end of 2016. D. EC-GSM-IoT EC-GSM-IoT, also known as EC-GSM, is another LPW A technology in development by 3GPP [40]. It is designed a... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
NB-IoT section) are also supported on EC-GSM devices, further increasing energy efficiency. In addition, EC-GSM supports a relaxed idle mode behaviour, where no cell measurements are performed while in a Power Saving State [40]. The battery life of EC-GSM nodes is about 10 years with a 5 Wh battery, depending on severa... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
most LPW A technologies, Telensa claim their protocol can provide fully bi-directional communication - so it is suitable for control as well as monitoring. A Telensa base station can connect to up to 5000 nodes, and cover 2km in urban areas and 4 kms in rural. Individual nodes continue to function as programmed (in sma... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
ARM, M2COMM, Sony-Europe, and Telensa. W A VIoT[55] is an Infrastructure-as-a-Service LPW ANsolutions provider from Houston, Texas. Their solution, NB-Fi (Narrowband Fidelity) is a narrow band protocol which communicates on the sub 1GHz ISM subbands. NB-Fi separates the 500 kHz band into 5 thousand channels, and each s... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
the use of subcontrollers, a star. Endpoints can send data directly to a gateway or subcontroller, or alternatively send an all-cast or any-cast, where it waits for acknowledgements from all or at least one gateway respectively. In this way, mobile applications are supported as nodes can communicate with any available ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
GSM bands sub GHz ISM bands MAC Layer ALOHA-based ALOHA-based LTE-based GSM-based CSMA-CA-based Range/Coverage 2-5km urban, 10-15km rural 3-10km urban, 20-50km rural 164dB 154 - 164dB 0-5km Founded 2015 2009 2016 2016 2013 Modulation Technique Spread-Spectrum Ultra-Narrow Band (UNB) LTE-based? GSM-based 2-(G)FSK Propri... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
VII indicate, the other noncellular solutions do not give details on their MAC layers, but since synchronisation packets are generally not required it can be speculated that ALOHA-based MAC layers are used in these as well. ALOHA-based MAC layers are energy efficient, reducing control plane packets, and enabling asynch... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
where, for example, the LPW A protocol forms the control plane of the system and the higher throughput protocol forms the data plane, or the LPW A technology is used as redundancy to other forms of wireless communication [5] [26]. In the initial phase of LPW A technology development, the area was dominated by proprieta... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
of Longer-Range IoT Wireless Protocols". In: EE Journal (2015). [13] Q. Song, L. Nuaymi, and X. Lagrange. "Survey of radio resource management issues and proposals for energyefficient cellular networks that will cover billions of machines". In: EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2016.1 (2016), p.... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Piloted Aircraft with Integrated Modular Avionics". In: 2016 International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom) . 2016, pp. 1–6. [26] L. Dariz et al. "Smart and wearable wireless sensors: Scenario analysis and communication issues". In: 2016 IEEE Inter... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
and Networking (CSCN) . 2016, pp. 1– 7. [44] C. Yu et al. "Uplink Scheduling and Link Adaptation for Narrowband Internet of Things Systems". In: IEEE Access PP.99 (2017). [45] X. Lin, A. Adhikary, and Y . P. Eric Wang. "Random Access Preamble Design and Detection for 3GPP Narrowband IoT Systems". In: IEEE Wireless Comm... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Programação com Sockets
Material de Apoio
Sockets com Python
Documentação da Biblioteca Socket:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.ht
ml#example
https://gist.github.com/AlyoshaS/ecd9aa68a
5358b467a70cf39aa681c00
https://wiki.python.org.br/SocketBasico
Material de Apoio
ESP8266 - NodeMCU
https://www.filipeflop.com... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
DNS DNS Domain Name System ou Sistema de Nomes de Domínio Nome do hospedeiro Endereço IP www.amazon.com ⇒ 192.0.2.44 www.uol.com.br ⇒ 200.221.2.45 DNS converte nomes legíveis por humanos, www.exemplo.com, em endereços IP numéricos, como 192.0.2.1, usados pelos computadores para se conectarem entre si. ● Banco de dados ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
teria de manipular todas as consultas DNS (para todas as requisições HTTP e mensagens de e-mail geradas por centenas de milhões de hospedeiros). ufpi.br 200.137.162.127 Visão geral do modo de funcionamento do DNS ● Banco de dados centralizado distante. Um único servidor DNS nunca poderia estar "próximo" de todos os cli... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
são as complicações? Página não encontrada Limpeza do cache dns Envenenamento do Cache DNS ● O que é? Envenenamento do Cache DNS ● Como funciona? Envenenamento do Cache DNS Envenenamento do Cache DNS Palavra segura Cache DNS ● Cada servidor DNS tem que definir o TTL (Time-to-Live) da Cache, que determina o tempo de per... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
Capítulo 1 Internet das Coisas: da Teoria à Prática Bruno P. Santos, Lucas A. M. Silva, Clayson S. F. S. Celes, João B. Borges Neto, Bruna S. Peres, Marcos Augusto M. Vieira, Luiz Filipe M. Vieira, Olga N. Goussevskaia e Antonio A. F. Loureiro Departamento de Ciência da Computação Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
recebido bastante atenção tanto da academia quanto da indústria, devido ao seu potencial de uso nas mais diversas áreas das atividades humanas. Este capítulo aborda a Internet das Coisas através de uma perspectiva teórica e prática. O conteúdo aqui abordado explora a estrutura, organização, desafios e aplicações da IoT... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
possível detectar seu contexto, controlá-lo, viabilizar troca de informações uns com os outros, acessar serviços da Internet e interagir com pessoas. Concomitantemente, uma gama de novas possibilidades de aplicações surgem (ex: cidades inteligentes (Smart Cities), saúde ( Healthcare), casas inteligentes ( Smart Home)) ... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
2010, as buscas para IoT dispararam chegando a ultrapassar as pesquisas sobre RSSFs. Figura 1.2. Tecnologias emergentes A IoT foi identificada como uma tecnologia emergente em 2012 por especialistas da área [Gartner 2015]. A Figura 1.2 apresenta uma maneira de representar o surgimento, adoção, maturidade e impacto de d... | ANDRE CASTELO BRANCO SOARES |
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