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Pernod Spirits product reviews and price comparison Disadvantages Versatile drink , best in cocktails In the 1980's when I was growing up my parents had a drinks cabinet that contained many interesting alcoholic drinks and Pernod always fascinated my sister and I. It was partly due to the fact that it was off limits and also that my parents seemed to make fancy cocktails for there friends and family that looked so appealing. Anyway, my first taste of Pernod came in the form of a slightly weaker version of a cocktail called 'The King of Denmark' which is essentially 4 parts Pernod, 3 parts blackcurrant cordial, 8 - 10 parts water, it was interesting to say the least and on my second trying I substituted the water for lemonade. Pernod is made from star anise, and contains herbs and spices such as coriander, it comes in a green glass bottle, with a white label that looks very chic, it is 40% abv and is clear on pouring. You can purchase 70cl bottles for around £16 in most supermarkets. On opening a bottle of Pernod you will be greeted with a strong sweet scent of liquorice, so if you do not like liquorice I would avoid at all cost, as no matter what you mix it with you can still taste it. The taste of liquorice is fairly strong and tends to linger and penetrate all it is mixed with. I have tried it over ice but find it too strong for my tastes, I think it is best enjoyed in a cocktail. Other Pernod cocktails I have tried in include have include whisky, fruit cordials or even just water with a dash of mint leaves. Overall I think Pernod is a versatile drink that I will always return to, it has a very distinctive liquorice flavour, is reasonably priced and is widely available to purchase, I recommend to all who like experimenting with flavours.
African Union All UN member states based in Africa and on African waters are members of the AU, as is the disputed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Morocco, which claims sovereignty over the SADR's territory, withdrew from the Organisation of African Unity, the AU's predecessor, in 1984 due to the admission of the SADR as a member. However, on 30 January 2017, the AU admitted Morocco as a member state.[19]
Daoism was adaptable, evolving to fill spiritual gaps created by the vagaries of life. Daoism can also be called the other way. During its entire history, it has coexisted alongside the Confucian tradition, which served as the ethical and religious basis of the institutions and arrangements of the Chinese empire. Daoism, while not radically subversive, offered a range of alternatives to the Confucian way of life and point of view.
Pacific Time is 2 hours behind of the Central Time and this two hour difference is observed when one goes from a city lying in Pacific Time to a city falling in Central Time. Central Time. Central Time is observed in the central part of the country and it is obtained by subtracting 6 hours from the Universal Time.
Brick pointing is necessary to repair eroding or crumbling mortar joints, correct defects, or to completely fill joints in newly laid masonry by placing mortar between joints in brickwork to improve water penetration resistance.e have the most qualified brick pointing craftsman with years of commercial and residential experience pointing bricks and mortar in Queens. We take great care to ensure all brick pointing projects are done properly without damaging the bricks or the non-decayed mortar.
Full text of "John and Sebastian Cabot : the discovery of North America" See other formats ■/'^j^'ciiK^,^; n\\ i!iiSiWi^!'.j::'! [>r^i>'\|nir j«iii ' '■•1 "nS 1 ''r^ N ^OHN Ai SEBASTIAN ^CA^QT Raymond 6EAZLEY ^j^ Darlington Memorial Library Hov WHO or tHT IKEE GKACE' iDlDSt BVILD W tfflS .BRITIANNICK EMPIEE lO A GLOEIOVS AND ENVIABLE HEiaHtH\\mH' ALL HER DAVGHfER ILANDS ABOVr HER, STAY \\S IN tHIS EEUCrtlE. MIEfOK, BUILDERS OF GREATER BRITAIN Edited by H. F. WILSON, M.A. Barrister-at-L aw Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge DEDICATED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN BUILDERS OF GREATER BRITAIN 1. SIR WALTER RALEGH ; the British Dominion of the West. By Martin A. S. Hume. 2. SIR THOMAS MAITLAND; the Mastery of the Mediterranean. By Walter Frewen Lord. 3. JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT ; the Discovery of North America. By C. Raymond Beazley, M.A. 4. LORD CLIVE ; the Foundation of British Rule in India. By Sir A. J. Arbuthnot, K.C.S.I., CLE. 5. EDWARD GIBBON WAKEFIELD; the Coloni- sation of South Australia and New Zealand. By R. Garnett, C.B., LL.D. 6. RAJAH BROOKE ; the Englishman as Ruler of an Eastern State. By Sir Spenser St. John, G.C.M.G. 7. ADMIRAL PHILLIP ; the Founding of New South Wales. By Louis Becke and Walter Jeffrey. 8. SIR STAMFORD RAFFLES ; England in the Far East. By the Editor. Builders of Greater Britain JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT MEWOr.lAi. Llli;''?. MtOIVERSITY OF F.fV ' !' ' " JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT THE DISCOVERY OF NORTH AMERICA > BY C^RAYMOND BEAZLEY M.A., F.R.G.S., FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD AUTHOR OF "PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR" "THE DAWN OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY" With Photogravure Frontispiece and Maps NEW YORK LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO, 91 & 93, FIFTH AVENUE MDCCCXCVIII ^< PREFACE A GOOD many volumes and essays have already appeared upon the subject of the Cabot voyages ; the details of these ventures have already been studied with the greatest minuteness ; and perhaps no events in the history of exploration have been the cause of more perplexing and voluminous controversy. Since the modern Cabot literature began with the appearance of R. Biddle's (American) Memoir in 1831, the educated opinion both of Europe and America has been changed in several important respects. It is no longer possible to speak (with Burke) of Sebastian Cabot as the discoverer of Newfoundland, to the exclusion of his father ; it is no longer possible to exult with Biddle and Nicholls over Sebastian's extraordinary purity of motive and elevation ot character. On the other hand, a distinguished scholar has laboured to prove, not merely that xii PREFACE the well-praised Sebastian, being a man and not a demigod, had his full share of human feelings, but that among all the treacherous intriguers and self-advertising nonentities of old time there is no figure more disreputable than that of John Cabot's more famous son. In this statement of the case, few we imagine will be found to support M. Harrisse without qualification ; but no one can work at any part of the story of the great age of discovery without admiring and profiting by the admirable industry and close argument of this eminent student. The simple facts, so far as they are yet recovered, present us with two Italians of great ability, — not unlike Columbus, perhaps still more like Verrazano, in their careers, — who played an important part (like so many others of their countrymen) in the expansion of Europe and Christendom at the end of the Middle Ages. Whatever we may say of Sebastian the son, John Cabot the father certainly gave England her " title " in the New World, by his discoveries of 1497 and 1498. Again, whatever may be said to Sebastian's discredit in other matters, he certainly took an important share in bringing about that voyage of 1553 which opened the PREFACE xiii Russian trade by means of the White Sea,
L'arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat (translated from French into English as The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station, Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (US) and The Arrival of the Mail Train, and in the United Kingdom the film is known as Train Pulling into a Station) is an 1895 French short black-and-white silent documentary film directed and produced by Auguste and Louis Lumière. Contrary to myth, it was not shown at the Lumières' first public film screening on 28 December 1895 in Paris, France: the programme of ten films shown that day makes no mention of it. Its first public showing took place in January 1896.
Deputy superintendent In India, candidates who are Indian citizens with any degree within the age of 21 to 38 years are eligible. There is a minimum physical requirement of height 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) for men and 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) for women, chest requirement of 84 cm (33 in) and chest expansion of 5 cm (2 in). In Tamil Nadu, 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) is the minimum height required. Every year, the state governments prepare a list of members of the state police service to be suitable for promotion to the Indian police Service. Officers recruited by state PSC directely get this rank.
FMLA/Father bonding time Jun 04FMLA/Father bonding time What kind of documentation is reasonable and customary to ask from a Father requesting 12 weeks of FMLA allowed for “Bonding” time or to take care of the Mother or other children after the birth of a child? Thank you for your help. When an employee requests time off to bond with a new baby or newly adopted or fostered child, the employer can ask for proof of the relationship. However, be aware that one acceptable proof is simply a hand-written statement that the employee is the childs guardian. In the case of a new father, it would be appropriate to ask for a copy of the legal birth certificate. However, it may take some time for the father to produce this document. We will note that a father can take up to 12 weeks of continuous FMLA to care for and bond with a newborn. However, there is no provision under that law that would allow the father to take time off to provide childcare for the other children in the home. Employees are expected to have childcare, even when the other parent is ill, or when there is no other parent. Pregnancy is a serious health condition under FMLA, and an employee can take unpaid time off to care for a pregnant spouse. However, the period of disability usually lasts only 6 weeks after childbirth, unless there are complications. Tags: baby bonding, father, FMLA, newborn, paternity leave This entry was posted on Friday, June 4th, 2010 at 7:33 pm and is filed under Attendance Management. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.« terminated while on std; no pay Employee Record – Corporate Office if out of country? »2 Responses to “FMLA/Father bonding time”helmer Says: March 29th, 2011 at 11:01 amwhat if the father suffered a injury the prior year and was out for 12 weeks. can the father request 6 weeks with his position at work still be protected. Caitlin Says: March 29th, 2011 at 11:45 am Hi helmer! All FMLA comes out of the same “pot”, so to speak. So a father who took 6 weeks of FMLA in fall 2010 for his own serious health condition could take another 6 weeks of FMLA for baby bonding in early 2011. However, if the father took 12 weeks of FMLA in late 2010, he will not have an additional 12 weeks until later 2011 — 12 months later. The leave would be unpaid, but the employees job would be protected. “Baby bonding” leave under FMLA can be taken at any time, as long as it concludes before the babys first birthday. HTH, and thanks for reading the blogs!~ Caitlin Leave a Reply Name: (required)Mail (will not be published): (required)Website: Questions/Comments: [ Back ]Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. You can also subscribe without commenting. WP-Spam Free by Pole Position Marketing
Without fail, Netflix has become my winding down after a long workday ritual — and while the streaming-induced trance is pleasant at the moment, my bad habit has had an overall negative effect on my well-being. My daily binging has manifested itself into a less productive, less healthy (due to snacking and late nights), and less happy lifestyle. So, I've decided to press pause on my Parks and Recreation marathon and deep-dive into some self-care books post nine-to-five. Instead of catching up with Leslie Knope and the Pawnee gang, I'm investing my time in myself with the following self-help reads. Each will supply me with the tools to live an all-around better life — starting with how I feel about myself.
Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.
Margalit Ruth `` Maggie '' Gyllenhaal -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- born November 16 , 1977 in New York City -RRB- is an American actress . Part of the Gyllenhaal family , she is the daughter of filmmakers Stephen Gyllenhaal and Naomi Achs and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal . She began her film career as a teenager with roles in her father 's films and appeared alongside her brother in the psychological horror film Donnie Darko -LRB- 2001 -RRB- . She garnered critical praise for starring as Lee Holloway in Secretary -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award . For her performance in Sherrybaby -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She also received recognition for starring as Rachel Dawes in The Dark Knight -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . For her performance in the musical-drama Crazy Heart -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She subsequently starred in Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Wo n't Back Down -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Frank -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , for which she was nominated for a BIFA Award . In 2014 , she made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Real Thing , and also starred in the television BBC miniseries The Honourable Woman . For her performance in the latter she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Emmy Award .
Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker . It introduced the famous character Count Dracula and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy . The novel tells the story of Dracula 's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse , and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and women led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing . Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature , horror fiction , the gothic novel , and invasion literature . The novel has spawned numerous theatrical , film , and television interpretations .
Boeing 787-8. The Boeing 787-8 is a mid-size, dual aisle, twin engine jet manufactured by Boeing, the American aerospace company. The aircraft is 20% more fuel efficient than similar sized commercial jets it is designed to replace, and to date, is Boeing's most fuel efficient aircraft.Composite materials make up 50 percent of the primary structure, including the fuselage and wing.he aircraft is 20% more fuel efficient than similar sized commercial jets it is designed to replace, and to date, is Boeing's most fuel efficient aircraft. Composite materials make up 50 percent of the primary structure, including the fuselage and wing.
At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary.
Ann Mui (梅愛芳) (13 January/12 December 1959 – 16 April 2000) was a singer and actress. She was the older sister of Hong Kong actress and singer, the late Anita Mui and two brothers. Her mother remarried after her father died. Despite not being twins, their singing voice is strikingly similar, with the only way to tell them apart was the hand in which they hold the microphone. She is best remembered for her supporting roles in many movies, especially Jackie Chan's "Police Story 2". She died of cervical cancer, which was proven to be genetic as Anita later died for the same reason. Ann left behind a husband, Lap-Tak Poon, and two sons. Like Anita, she has a dramatic contralto singing voice, which is a rarity in Chinese pop music.
Anastrozole From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Anastrozole Clinical data Trade names Arimidex, others AHFS / Drugs.com Monograph Medline Plus a696018License data US FDA : Anastrozole Pregnancy category US: D (Evidence of risk) [1]Routes of administration By mouth ( tablets)Drug class Aromatase inhibitor; Antiestrogen ATC code L02BG03 ( WHO)Legal status Legal status UK: POM (Prescription only)US: ℞-only Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 83–85%Protein binding 40%Metabolism Liver (85%)Biological half-life 46.8 hours [2]Excretion Urine (11%)Identifiers IUPAC name [show]CAS Number120511-73-1Pub Chem CID2187IUPHAR/BPS5137Drug Bank DB01217Chem Spider2102UNII2Z07MYW1AZKEGGD00960Ch EBICHEBI:2704Ch EMBLCHEMBL1399ECHA Info Card 100.129.723Chemical and physical data Formula C 17 H 19 N 5Molar mass 293.366 g/mol3D model ( JSmol)Interactive image SMILES [show]In Ch I [show] (what is this?) (verify)Anastrozole, sold under the brand name Arimidex among others, is a medication used in addition to other treatments for breast cancer. [1] Specifically it is used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. [1] It has also been used to prevent breast cancer in those at high risk. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1]Common side effects include hot flashes, altered mood, joint pain, and nausea. [1] Severe side effects include an increased risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. [1] Use during pregnancy is known to harm the baby. [1] Anastrozole is in the aromatase-inhibiting family of medications. [1] It works by blocking the creation of estrogen. [1]Anastrozole was patented in 1987 and approved for medical use in 1995. [4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. [5] Anastrozole is available as a generic medication. [1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 1.92 to 30.60 USD a month. [6] In the United States the wholesale cost is about 3.81 USD per month. [7]Contents [ hide ]1 Medical uses2 Side effects3 Pharmacology3.1 Pharmacodynamics3.2 Pharmacokinetics4 Research4.1 Usage in men4.2 Usage in children5 References6 External links Medical uses [ edit]Arimidex (anastrozole) 1 mg tablets The ATAC trial was of localized breast cancer and women received either anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both for five years, followed by five years of follow-up. [8] After more than 5 years the group that received anastrozole had better results than the tamoxifen group. [8] The trial suggested that anastrozole is the preferred medical therapy for postmenopausal women with localized breast cancer, which is estrogen receptor (ER) positive. [8] Another study found that the risk of recurrence was reduced by 40%, but was associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. The study concluded that ER positive patients benefited from switching from tamoxifen to anastrozole in patients who have completed 2 years' adjuvant tamoxifen. [9] A more recent trial found that anastrozole significantly reduced the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women relative to placebo, and while there were side effects related to estrogen deprivation observed, the researchers concluded that this was probably not related to the treatment. Lead author Jack Cuzick was quoted by the BBC as saying, "This class of drugs is more effective than previous drugs such as tamoxifen and crucially, it has fewer side effects," adding that he thought there was now enough evidence to support offering the drug. [10]Side effects [ edit]Bone weakness has been associated with anastrozole. Women who switched to anastrozole after two years on tamoxifen reported twice as many fractures as those who continued to take tamoxifen (2.1% compared to 1%). [9] Bisphosphonates are sometimes prescribed to prevent the osteoporosis induced by aromatase inhibitors. The level of circulating estradiol is likely causal here and not the anastrozole itself, and so the dose will determine likelihood of osteoporosis (estradiol inhibits osteoclasts, which resorb bone). Acne, constricted pupils and water retention have also been attributed with use of this anti-estrogen. Pharmacology [ edit]Pharmacodynamics [ edit]Anastrozole reversibly binds to the aromatase enzyme, and through competitive inhibition blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens in peripheral (extragonadal) tissues. [11]Pharmacokinetics [ edit]Anastrozole is poorly able to cross the blood–brain barrier into the central nervous system. [12] This is due to P-glycoprotein -mediated efflux. [12]Research [ edit]Usage in men [ edit]Anastrozole has been tested for reducing estrogens, including estradiol, in men. [13] Excess estradiol in men can cause benign prostatic hyperplasia, gynecomastia, and symptoms of hypogonadism. It can also contribute to increased risk of stroke, heart attack, chronic inflammation, prostate enlargement and prostate cancer. [14] Some athletes and body builders use anastrozole as part of their steroid cycle to reduce and prevent symptoms of excess estrogen-- gynecomastia, emotional lability and water retention. [13] Study data suggest dosages of 0.5 mg to 1 mg a day reduce serum estradiol by approximately 50% in men, which differs in postmenopausal women. [15]Usage in children [ edit]Anastrozole may be used off-label in children with precocious puberty, or children with pubertal gynecomastia. [2] [16] Following the onset of puberty, the epiphyseal plate begins to close due to an increased amount of estrogen production escaping local metabolism and spreading to the circulatory system. [16] It is shown to help slow this process, and increase adult height prediction in adolescent males treated with protein-based peptide hormones for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency. [17]References [ edit]^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Anastrozole". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.^ a b Mauras N, Bishop K, Merinbaum D, Emeribe U, Agbo F, Lowe E (August 2009). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anastrozole in pubertal boys with recent-onset gynecomastia". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94 (8): 2975–8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-2527. PMID 19470631.^ "anastrozole". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (Ch EBI). European Molecular Biology Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2011-09-22. Retrieved 2011-08-14.^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 516. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.^ "Anastrozole". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.^ "NADAC as of 2016-12-07 \| Data. Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.^ a b c Howell A; Cuzick J; Baum M; et al. (2005). "Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer". Lancet. 365 (9453): 60–2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (04)17666-6. PMID 15639680.^ a b Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M, Mittlboeck M, Greil R, Tausch C, Hilfrich J, Kwasny W, Menzel C, Samonigg H, Seifert M, Gademann G, Kaufmann M, Wolfgang J (2005). "Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years' adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial". Lancet. 366 (9484): 455–62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (05)67059-6. PMID 16084253.^ Gallagher, James (12 December 2013). "Breast cancer: Drug 'halves' risk of tumours". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.^ Simpson ER (September 2003). "Sources of estrogen and their importance". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 86 (3–5): 225–30. doi: 10.1016/S0960-0760 (03)00360-1. PMID 14623515.^ a b Russell N, Cheung A, Grossmann M (2017). "Estradiol for the mitigation of adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy". Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 24 (8): R297–R313. doi: 10.1530/ERC-17-0153. PMID 28667081.^ a b Mauras N, O'Brien KO, Klein KO, Hayes V (July 2000). "Estrogen suppression in males: metabolic effects". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 (7): 2370–7. doi: 10.1210/jc.85.7.2370. PMID 10902781.; Dougherty RH, Rohrer JL, Hayden D, Rubin SD, Leder BZ (February 2005). "Effect of aromatase inhibition on lipids and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease in elderly men with low testosterone levels". Clin. Endocrinol. 62 (2): 228–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02205.x. PMID 15670201.^ Faloon, William. "Dangers of Excess Estrogen In the Aging Male". Life Extension Magazine, November 2008. [1]^ Leder BZ, Rohrer JL, Rubin SD, Gallo J, Longcope C (March 2004). "Effects of aromatase inhibition in elderly men with low or borderline-low serum testosterone levels". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (3): 1174–80. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031467. PMID 15001605.^ a b Faglia G, Arosio M, Porretti S (December 2000). "Delayed closure of epiphyseal cartilages induced by the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole. Would it help short children grow up?". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 23 (11): 721–3. doi: 10.1007/bf03345059. PMID 11194703.^ Mauras N, Gonzalez de Pijem L, Hsiang HY, Desrosiers P, Rapaport R, Schwartz ID, Klein KO, Singh RJ, Miyamoto A, Bishop K (March 2008). "Anastrozole increases predicted adult height of short adolescent males treated with growth hormone: a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial for one to three years". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93 (3): 823–31. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-1559. PMC 2266949. PMID 18165285. External links [ edit]Arimidex \| Official website [ show]v t e Estrogens and antiestrogens [ show]v t e Astra Zeneca Pharmacy and pharmacology portal Medicine portal Categories:27-Hydroxylase inhibitors Aromatase inhibitors Astra Zeneca Hormonal antineoplastic drugs Nitriles Peripherally selective drugs Triazoles World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances World Health Organization essential medicines
Michael Jeffrey Jordan -LRB- born February 17 , 1963 -RRB- , also known by his initials , MJ , is an American retired professional basketball player , businessman , and principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets . Jordan played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards . His biography on the NBA website states : `` By acclamation , Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time . '' Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s . Jordan played three seasons for coach Dean Smith at the University of North Carolina . As a freshman , he was a member of the Tar Heels ' national championship team in 1982 . Jordan joined the Bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick . He quickly emerged as a league star , entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring . His leaping ability , demonstrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests , earned him the nicknames Air Jordan and His Airness . He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball . In 1991 , he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls , and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993 , securing a `` three-peat '' . Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the beginning of the 1993 -- 94 NBA season to pursue a new venture in minor league baseball , he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996 , 1997 , and 1998 , as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995 -- 96 NBA season . Jordan retired for a second time in January 1999 , but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Wizards . Jordan 's individual accolades and accomplishments include five Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- Awards , ten All-NBA First Team designations , nine All-Defensive First Team honors , fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances , three All-Star Game MVP Awards , ten scoring titles , three steals titles , six NBA Finals MVP Awards , and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award . Among his numerous accomplishments , Jordan holds the NBA records for highest career regular season scoring average -LRB- 30.12 points per game -RRB- and highest career playoff scoring average -LRB- 33.45 points per game -RRB- . In 1999 , he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN , and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press 's list of athletes of the century . Jordan is a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame , having been enshrined in 2009 for his individual career , and again in 2010 as part of the group induction of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team -LRB- `` The Dream Team '' -RRB- . He became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015 . Jordan is also known for his product endorsements . He fueled the success of Nike 's Air Jordan sneakers , which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today . Jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film Space Jam as himself . In 2006 , he became part-owner and head of basketball operations for the then-Charlotte Bobcats , buying a controlling interest in 2010 . In 2015 , Jordan became the first billionaire NBA player in history as a result of the increase in value of NBA franchises . He is the third-richest African-American , behind Oprah Winfrey and Robert F. Smith .
Constitution of India On 14 August 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented.[10] Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman along with six other members assisted by a constitutional advisor. These members were Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (K M Munshi, Ex- Home Minister, Bombay), Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (Ex- Advocate General, Madras State), N Gopalaswami Ayengar (Ex-Prime Minister, J&K and later member of Nehru Cabinet), B L Mitter (Ex-Advocate General, India), Md. Saadullah (Ex- Chief Minister of Assam, Muslim League member) and D P Khaitan (Scion of Khaitan Business family and a renowned lawyer). The constitutional advisor was Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (who became First Indian Judge in International Court of Justice, 1950â€“54). Later B L Mitter resigned and was replaced by Madhav Rao (Legal Advisor of Maharaja of Vadodara). On D P Khaitan's death, T T Krishnamachari was included in the drafting committee. A draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947, which was debated and over 2000 amendments were moved over a period of two years. Finally on 26 November 1949, the process was completed and the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution. 284 members signed the document and the process of constitution making was complete.[14] This day is celebrated as National Law Day[15] or Constitution Day.[16]
The evaluation of Grant's presidency can be split up into seven categories: policy leadership, crisis management, presidential appointments, foreign policy, character and integrity, public persuasion, and presidential vision. Grant did many good things for Domestic Policy in his presidency. He successfully readmitted the last four Confederate states into the Union with the help of Congress. He won the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, giving African Americans the right to vote.
What is the legal age limit to be dating someone older than you in America? Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Health Sexual Health and Education Age of Consent & Underage Relationships What is the legal age limit to be dating someone older than you in America? Flag What is the legal age limit to be dating someone older than you in America? Answer by HP Outsiders Lover Confidence votes 451There is no law for dating. A person of any age can DATE someone older or younger that him/her without legal consequences. This "law" is a common misconception. There is no law that states an age limit for you to date someone older. However, each state has their own law on sexual consent. This law states that a relationship cannot turn sexually until both is of legal age (age of consent). If a person is an adult and have sex with someone under the age of consent, that person of age could go to jail. Most states have the age of consent set at 16. Sexual contact can be considered Statutory Rape or Sexual Misconduct depending upon the state's laws.19 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Grevillea 143,980 Contributions What is the legal age limit to be dating someone older than you in Queensland Australia? Answer . This may partly answer the question: the age of consent in Queensland is 16. This refers only to sexual intercourse, not specifically 'dating'. Also it may depend …B Bozidar 54,497 Contributions I am a professional musician and forum administrator. If you are dating someone younger than you what is the legal age limit? Best advice is not to date anyone under the age of 18. Maya Luna Ramses 15 Contributions Can you date someone older than you? If you want to date an older person, within legal limits, it may be wise to make sure that you are compatible with similar interests and life goals. Infatuation, be it as it m …Mark Swarthout 794,173 Contributions Contract attorney. When not working I teach karate, collect stamps, write books, and play the ukulele. What is the legal age for a minor to date someone older? It all depends on the state or country's laws where you are at. Some have a 3 year rule... if your 16 and he's 19 its ok. If you're 15 and he's 22 that's going to be statutory …B Bozidar 54,497 Contributions I am a professional musician and forum administrator. Is it legal to date someone 9 years older than me? That depends on how old "me" is in this case. If "me" is only 8 years old and wants to date someone who is 17 years old, this would be morally wrong. If "me" is 20 years old a …Bac BL3 12 Contributions Is it legal to marry someone older than you? It matters are you and the person above 18 years old?? If so then yes :) If not.. then its illegal the older person will be arrested . What is the legal age for a minor to date someone older in the state of Delaware? The age of consent in Delaware is 18 , but it is legal for teenagers aged 16 and 17 to engage in sexual intercourse as long as the older partner is younger than 30. Jponbac Gunna 300,545 Contributions Retired teacher with an advocation in history who loves to travel. What is the legal age of a minor to date someone older then 18 in Delaware?18 when you are an adultkaitlyn johnson 20 Contributions At seventeen is it legal to date someone five years older than you in MN?no it is fine so calm down Consultant9387 3 Contributions What is the legal age for a minor to date someone older in the state of Florida?age: 3867Is it legal for you to date someone 6 years older than you? You can date whoever you want as long as you're not having sex. If you intend to have sex there are all kinds of rules that apply. Such as age of concent per state which is th …What is the legal age limit to be dating someone older than you in Canada? Look dude if u like the girl and your murture then go for it. Mark Swarthout 794,173 Contributions Contract attorney. When not working I teach karate, collect stamps, write books, and play the ukulele. Answered In Age of Consent & Underage Relationships What is the legal age limit to be dating older than you in Hawaii? There is no dating law that limits age difference. If you are over the age of consent (16 in Hawaii) there is no limit to sexual activity. Eclair39 44,330 Contributions Answered In Age of Consent & Underage Relationships What is the legal age for a minor to date someone older in the state of New Jersey? That is for your parents to decide since there are no laws for dating, only for sex. Answered In Age of Consent & Underage Relationships What is the legal age limit to be dating someone in Ohio? I don't live there but the most appropriate age is 13. Eclair39 44,330 Contributions Answered In Age of Consent & Underage Relationships What is legal age to be dating someone older than you in England? There is no such law regarding dating, this is where your parents are the law. They decide who you are allowed to see. For a sexual relationship you have to be 16 by law. Eclair39 44,330 Contributions Answered In Age of Consent & Underage Relationships What is the legal age limit to be dating someone older than you in Florida? There are no dating laws so it's up to your parents. For sex you must have reached age of consent in your state and in Florida that is 18.
For the Connaught tunnel in East London , England , see Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway The Connaught Tunnel is a railway tunnel under the Selkirk Mountains in southeastern British Columbia , Canada , near the city of Revelstoke . The 5.022 mi tunnel carries the Canadian Pacific Railway main line under Mount Macdonald and replaced the railway 's previous routing over Rogers Pass , which had been struck by several deadly avalanches since its completion in 1885 . At the time it was built , the Connaught Tunnel was the longest railway tunnel in North America . It was named for the Governor General of Canada -- the Prince Arthur , Duke of Connaught -- who in turn was named after the province of Connaught in Ireland . Announced in February 1913 , the contract was awarded on July 1 , 1913 , to Foley Bros. . Welch and Stewart . The tunnel was designed by John G. Sullivan who joined the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1900 and eventually became Chief Engineer for Canada . A small tunnel was built , from which cross cuts were made to the main tunnel so work could carry on at a number of headings . The sub-contractor guaranteed to drill 900 ft of tunnel per month and started on April 2 , 1914 . Compressed air equipment and narrow gauge locomotives were used inside the tunnel . The company town housed some 300 workers . The tunnel was completed before the original deadline , with operation beginning December 16 , 1916 . It had a grade of only 0.95 per cent westward , and was tangent ; light at one end can be seen at the other , more than five miles away . It cost $ 5.5 million , while a further $ 3 million were spent on track revision , which saw 14.5 mi abandoned including the Loops and over 4 mi of snow sheds . In all , the route was shortened by 4.3 mi . Problems were encountered with ventilation , loose rocks and wet rails , which caused trains to stall . The tunnel was later lined with reinforced concrete and equipped with a better ventilation system . Originally double tracked , it was realigned with a single track in 1959 to accommodate higher freight cars . In the late 1980s , the Mount Macdonald Tunnel was built to supplement the Connaught Tunnel and to lessen the grade on the eastern approach to the pass . Trains now predominantly travel east through the Connaught Tunnel and west through the Mount Macdonald Tunnel . In 2001 , the Connaught Tunnel was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame . The Hall of Fame recognizes and establishes an enduring tribute to the people and things that have made significant contribution relating to railway industry in North America . The Connaught Tunnel was inducted in the `` Facilities and Structures '' category with `` National '' significance .
Beno Gutenberg (June 4, 1889 – January 25, 1960) was a German-American seismologist who made several important contributions to the science. He was a colleague and mentor of Charles Francis Richter at the California Institute of Technology and Richter's collaborator in developing the Richter magnitude scale for measuring an earthquake's magnitude.
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source.
The Earth completes one orbit every 365.242199 mean solar days, a fact which goes a long way towards explaining why need an extra calendar day every four years (aka. during a leap year). The planetâs distance from the Sun also varies as it orbits. In fact, the Earth is never the same distance from the Sun from day to day. When the Earth is closest to the Sun, it is said to be at perihelion. This occurs around January 3rd each year, when the Earth is at a distance of about 147,098,074 km.
38 Facts About Shakespeare’s 38 Plays \| Mental Floss 38 Facts About Shakespeare’s 38 Plays Getty Images Like us on Facebook William Shakespeare died 400 years ago this month, on April 23, 1616. His complete works—at least 38 surviving plays ( including several collaborations ), 154 sonnets, and five narrative poems, totaling a staggering 884,000 words—are a cornerstone of English literature, and have remained (albeit intermittently) popular ever since his death. So to commemorate the quadricentenary of Shakespeare’s death, here are 38 facts, stats, anecdotes and origins about his 38 plays. 1. ALL’S WELL THAT ENDS WELL Everyone knows Macbeth is supposed to be unlucky, but if you’re superstitious, you might be best off avoiding All’s Well That Ends Well, too. According to A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800 , during rehearsals for a revival of the play in London in 1741, one of its stars, William Milward, turned up wearing “too light and airy [a] suit of clothes,” caught “a Spotted Fever,” and fell gravely ill. The premiere was postponed until the following January, but during the opening performance, the female lead, Peg Woffington , fainted, and her part had to be read by another actress. They postponed the next performance so that Woffington could recover, but Milward fell sick again, causing more postponements. Milward died several days later after completing only one performance. The entire debacle was enough to put producers off staging Shakespeare’s tragi-comic romance for another decade . 2. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA In 1759, David Garrick staged a performance of Antony and Cleopatra in London starring himself and 30-year-old actress Mary Ann Yates in the title roles. Although the production failed to impress the critics (and closed after just six performances) it nevertheless made theatrical history: It marked the first time in the play’s 150-year history that Cleopatra had been played by a woman. Before then, performances had only ever been staged by all-male acting companies—including Shakespeare’s own King’s Men, who staged the first performance in London in 1606. 3. AS YOU LIKE IT Any actress tackling the smart-talking Rosalind in As You Like It is faced with learning 685 lines , making it Shakespeare’s longest female role and a bigger part than the likes of Prospero (656 lines), Romeo (617 lines), and Falstaff in Henry IV: Part 1 (602 lines). Nevertheless, Shakespeare’s roles are still weighted towards the men: Antony (839 lines) is a much larger role than Cleopatra (678 lines); Macbeth (715) has almost three times more lines than his wife (259); and Hamlet, the longest role of all, is more than twice as long as Rosalind (1506 lines). 4. THE COMEDY OF ERRORS On December 28, 1594, Shakespeare’s theatrical troupe The Lord Chamberlain’s Men were booked to give a seasonal performance before an audience of lawyers at London’s Gray’s Inn , celebrating what was essentially their Christmas party. The play they performed was The Comedy of Errors (which Shakespeare likely wrote especially for that night ), but things didn’t go quite to plan—The Lord Chamberlain’s Men arrived late, by which time their audience was drunk and the stage had all but been dismantled. They still gave the best performance they could, but the night nevertheless went down in history as “ The Night of Errors .” So what happened? Well, a recent discovery at the British National Archives suggests that something came up at the very last minute—and by “something,” we’re talking about a personally requested performance in front of Queen Elizabeth I. According to the queen’s treasury records, Shakespeare’s company received payment for a royal command performance on the same night that they were booked to play Gray’s Inn. Shakespeare had presumably already committed to the Gray’s Inn performance when word came from the palace that the queen herself wanted some post-Christmas entertainment, but by then it was too late to cancel. So he and his men turned up at Greenwich, p
Sandi Pfeiffer Sandi Pfeiffer Owner, CEO - Remedy Staffing Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Area Staffing and Recruiting Current Remedy Intelligent Staffing Websites Company Website0 connections View Sandi Pfeiffer’s full profile. It's free!Your colleagues, classmates, and 500 million other professionals are on Linked In. View Sandi’s Full Profile Experience Owner, CEO - Remedy Intelligent Staffing (Colorado Franchise)Remedy Intelligent Staffing June 1997 – Present (20 years 10 months)I'm Sandi Pfeiffer and I own the franchise rights as well as operate Remedy Intelligent Staffing in Colorado. We have offices in Colorado Springs, Denver, Aurora, and Thornton. View Sandi Pfeiffer’s full profile to... See who you know in common Get introduced Contact Sandi Pfeiffer directly View Sandi’s Full Profile
Genital Warts and HPV Genital Warts and HPVIn this Article What Do Genital Warts Look Like? Genital Wart Symptoms Genital Wart Testing Genital Wart Treatment What Should I Do While I Have the Warts? What Happens If I Don't Get Treated? HPV and Genital Wart Prevention Warts are caused by viruses and can appear anywhere on the body. Those that show up in the genital area are caused by the human papillomavirus, commonly called HPV, and are easily transmitted by sexual contact. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease ( STD) in North America. Certain forms of the virus can cause cervical, rectal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer. According to the CDC, at least 50% of sexually active men and women will get a genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. After a person has been infected by HPV, it may take one to three months (or longer in some cases) for warts to appear. Some people who have been infected never get warts. What Do Genital Warts Look Like? Genital warts look like small flesh-colored, pink or red growths in or around the sex organs. The warts may look similar to the small parts of a cauliflower or they may be very tiny and difficult to see. They often appear in clusters of three or four, and may grow and spread rapidly. They usually are not painful, although they may cause mild pain, bleeding, and itching. Continue Reading Belowyou might like Genital Wart Symptoms Like many STDs, HPV does not always have visible symptoms. But when symptoms do occur, warts may be seen around the genital area. In women, warts can develop on the outside and inside of the vagina, on the cervix (the opening to the uterus), or around the anus. In men, they may be seen on the tip of the penis, the shaft of the penis, on the scrotum, or around the anus. Genital warts also can develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person. Because there is no way to predict whether the warts will grow or disappear, people who have been infected should be examined and treated, if necessary. Genital Wart Testing Your doctor may perform the following tests to check for genital warts and/or related STDs: An examination of visible growths to see if they look like genital warts Application of a mild acetic acid (vinegar) solution to highlight less visible growths A complete pelvic exam and Pap smear (for women)A specialized test for high-risk HPV (low risk should not be screened for), collected in a way similar to a Pap smear Biopsy of cervical tissue ( if abnormal pap smear or visible abnormality) to make sure there are no abnormal cells that could develop into HPV-related cervical cancer; a cervical biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the cervix and examining it under a microscope. Examination of the rectum Female patients may be referred to a gynecologist (a doctor who specializes in female reproductive health) for further testing and biopsy.1 2 3 View All Next Article Chlamydia Sexual Conditions Guide Basic Facts Types & Causes Treatments Prevention Finding Help
Your immune system initially tries to control boo boos and ouchies by becoming inflamed; cells damaged by injury or infection release, among other things, inflammatory hormones called prostaglandins. The type(s) of prostaglandin that you're feeling the effects of can cause swelling, fever, and all over body pain when in big enough quantities. Your nerve ending are very sensitive to it, and relay pain and injury messages to your brain to let it know that something isn't right in your body. Protip: from my understanding, Aspirin prevents your body from making a precursor to prostaglandin. Feel better soon!
The Chronicles of Narnia (film series) The Chronicles of Narnia is a series of films based on The Chronicles of Narnia, a series of novels by C. S. Lewis. From the seven novels, there have been three film adaptations so far—The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), Prince Caspian (2008) and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)—which have grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide among them.
List of tallest buildings The international non-profit organization Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) was formed in 1969 and announces the title of "The World's Tallest Building" and sets the standards by which buildings are measured. It maintains a list of the 100 tallest completed buildings in the world.[3] The organization currently ranks Burj Khalifa in Dubai as the tallest at 828m (2,717ft).[3] The CTBUH only recognizes buildings that are complete however, and some buildings included within the lists in this article are not considered finished by the CTBUH.
Hectometre The hectometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: hm) or hectometer (American spelling) is an uncommonly used unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundred metres. It derives from the Greek word "ekato", meaning "hundred". A soccer field is approximately 1 hectometre in length. The hectare (ha), a common metric unit for land area, is equal to one square hectometre (hm2).
How long does it take for satin paint to dry? Satin paint usually takes about 2-4 hours to dry, but if you are recoating, then it will take 8 hours.ow long does does acrylic paint take to dry? Acrylic house paint takes very little time to dry, usually 30 minutes to the touch and is able to be recoated within four hours.
Tay-Sachs disease An inherited condition characterized by the absence of a single lysosomal enzyme called Hex A, which normally breaks down a membrane glycolipid called ganglioside G_M2 that is especially prevalent in nerve cells; usually occurs in children of Ashkenazi (eastern European Jewish) descent and is characterized by seizures and muscle rigidity.
document, papers, written document - writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) articles of incorporation - a legal document that creates a corporation; it is filed with a state by the founders of a corporation and is governed by the laws of the state. derivative instrument, derivative - a financial instrument whose value is based on another security.
Jack Harold Paar -LRB- May 1 , 1918 -- January 27 , 2004 -RRB- was an American author , radio and television comedian and talk show host , best known for his stint as host of The Tonight Show from 1957 to 1962 . Time magazine 's obituary of him noted that : `` His fans would remember him as the fellow who split talk show history into two eras : Before Paar and Below Paar . ''
Bell believed the photophone's principles were his life's "greatest achievement", telling a reporter shortly before his death that the photophone was "the greatest invention [I have] ever made, greater than the telephone". The photophone was a precursor to the fiber-optic communication systems which achieved popular worldwide usage in the 1980s. Its master patent was issued in December 1880, many decades before the photophone's principles came into popular use.
American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.
Vile Bodies Evelyn Waugh LINKS VILE GINGER April 24, 2014. I wonder if anyone has ever been so pleased to be in a library. I'm so excited I can't sit down on my seat. Which doesn't bode well for actually reading anything. What I have in front of me, resting on triangles of foam, fresh out of its protective case, is the leather-bound manuscript of Vile Bodies. It's the only manuscript of an Evelyn Waugh novel not to have been bought for a pittance from his widow by a robber called Harry Ransom (only joking, America) and taken to Austin in Texas. Where am I again? I'm in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. What have I got in front of me? Well, let's turn to the beginning of chapter two and see: "Have you anything to declare?" "Wings." "That's all right then." And back to the front endpapers. Oh, what a butterfly it seems! It's been bound by Sangorski and Sutcliffe. Evelyn usually got Maltby's of Oxford to do the binding of his diaries for him. But as he presented this manuscript to one of the richest couples in the country, it may have been luxuriously rebound at some point. Let me turn over a few pages... The bookplate of Bryan Guinness...Evelyn's crashing racing car picture, at the bottom of which he's written to Bryan and Diana: 'This is the cover. Do you like it? I do.' Actually, I've missed out a page. Overleaf from the bookplate, again on the recto, is a note written by Evelyn to Bryan and Diana, saying that the book will never be of the smallest value but he thought it should go to them as it is their book (Vile Bodies is dedicated to them). That note is dated January 4, 1930. Evelyn had a busy back end of 1929. After his day at the motor races in Belfast he went to stay with Bryan and Diana at one of their country houses, Knockmaroon, near Dublin. From there Waugh made his way to a quiet pub in Devon where he wrote the second half of Vile Bodies before returning to spend Christmas with the Guinnesses, this time in Paris. I guess it was while finishing off the manuscript in Devon that he deleted the upbeat and playful preface which had read: 'Bright young people and far too much publicity already whoever you are).' The page with the note to Bryan and Diana also contains another note, written in shaky handwriting, saying that the manuscript was given to Jonathan Guinness on his 30th birthday in 1960. If I remember rightly the manuscript was sold at Christie's in 1985, when it was bought for about £60,000. (Had the 54-year old Jonathan Guinness fallen on hard times?) In 1990 the manuscript was bought by Fay and Geoffrey Eliot and in 2002 it was gifted to the Brotherton Library in Leeds. Ensuring the British public have access to this cultural gem; allowing me to be standing here now, my mind awash with adrenalin, my hands dry and disinfected: April 24, 2014. The first part of the manuscript is made up of 68 pages. Those pages mostly concern the futile attempts of Adam, a penniless writer, to get some money together so that he can marry NIna, a bright young social butterfly. I flick through these pages, taking the odd photo for future use, but basically I'm starting my study at the halfway point of the manuscript. Waugh writes 'END OF BOOK I' across page 68, the last line of which is 'Shucks Margot,' he said. 'You know better than to get on a high horse with me.' The 'he' is the press baron, Lord Monomark, though in the manuscript his name is given as Lord Ottercove. No doubt, Waugh decided on reflection, this was a little close to the real-life Lord Beaverbrook for comfort. The second half of the manuscript - 66 more pages - begins with the line: 'Then Adam became Mr Chatterbox'. That is, Adam gets a job on the gossip column of The Daily Excess, Lord Monomark's paper. Nothing to do with The Daily Express, Lord Beaverbrook's title. No, nothing to do with that rag! I have a Penguin copy of Vile Bodies with me for reference. I note that the above lines I've quoted are at the end of Chapter six and the beginning of chapter seven. The first six chapters were written at the Abingdon Arms, Beckley, Oxfordshir
New Tax Law: Hereâs What You Should Know New Tax Law: Here’s What You Should Know Taxes Government Policy By Hayden Adams January 17, 2018Congress has just passed the most sweeping tax code overhaul in decades. The majority of its provisions kicked in on January 1 st and many of the changes will expire after 2025. The tax law changes should have almost no effect on your 2017 tax return. Let’s take a look at some of the more important provisions within the new law, and the likely effect on your taxes:1. Tax brackets have changed. The new law keeps seven tax brackets but changes the tax rates, which shifts income into lower tax brackets. The long-term capital gains tax rates remain essentially unchanged, and short-term capital gains will be taxed at the new ordinary income tax rates. Most (although not all) taxpayers will owe less under the new rules, according to analyses by various independent think tanks, including the Tax Foundation and the Tax Policy Center. The impact of the changes will vary based on each taxpayer’s income level, amount of itemized deductions and other factors. Former ordinary income tax brackets compared with brackets in the new law for tax year 2018. Source: Schwab Center for Financial Research.2. The standard deduction has increased. The new law nearly doubles the standard deduction, to $12,000 from $6,350 for single filers, and to $24,000 from $12,700 for married filers. About 70% of taxpayers claim the standard deduction, so most taxpayers claiming this deduction likely will benefit from this change. If you’re a low- or middle-income household, an increased standard deduction combined with an increased child tax credit should lower your tax bill.3. Some itemized deductions have been reduced or eliminated. The new law reduces or eliminates many itemized deductions in favor of a higher standard deduction. These include: Limiting the deduction for state and local income taxes, property taxes, and real estate taxes to $10,000. Limiting the mortgage interest deduction to $750,000 of indebtedness. Eliminating all miscellaneous itemized deductions. Here are the itemized deductions that remain relatively unchanged: Medical expenses: The new law preserves the deduction for medical expenses and temporarily reduces the limitation from 10% to 7.5% of adjusted gross income for tax years 2017 and 2018. Beginning in 2019, only medical expenses that exceed 10% of adjusted gross income are deductible. Charitable donations: The new law preserves all the major charitable donation deductions, with the exception of few specific deductions (such as the deduction for payments made in exchange for college athletic event seats). All else being equal, if you’re in a high-income household in a high-tax state, with a mortgage and high property taxes, these changes could end up increasing your tax liability. However, if you don’t normally itemize your deductions these changes won’t be an issue, and the increased standard deduction should end up benefiting you.4. The child tax credit has increased. The new law increased the child tax credit to $2,000 from $1,000, and the income level of households eligible for the credit. The tax credit is fully refundable up to $1,400, and begins to phase out for married/joint filers at income of $400,000 and for single filers at $200,000. Tax credits are generally better than tax deductions, because credits reduce your taxes dollar-for-dollar, while deductions only lower your taxable income. This change should benefit low- and middle-income households with children.5. The personal exemption and dependent deduction have been eliminated. The new law eliminates the $4,050 personal exemption and dependent deduction. When combined with the increased standard deduction and increased child tax credit, lower- and middle-income households should see a net benefit despite the elimination of these deductions. However, higher-income taxpayers could see an increased tax bill from this proposal if they have large families and don’t qualify for the child tax credit, because of the income phase-outs within the tax bill.6. The alternative minimum tax (AMT) was changed but noteliminated. The new law increases both the exemption and the exemption phase-out amount for the individual AMT. Beginning in 2018 and ending in 2025, the AMT exemption amount is increased to $109,400 for married taxpayers filing a joint return and $70,300 for all other taxpayers. The phase-out thresholds are increased to $1 million for married taxpayers filing a joint return, and $500,000 for all other taxpayers. These changes should benefit many middle- and high-income households that were previously affected by this tax.7. Treatment and calculation of cost basis on investment sales remains unchanged. The Senate tax bill had a provision that would have required investors to use the “first-in, first-out” (FIFO) method to calculate cost basis for investment sales. Investors can breathe a sigh of relief, as this provision was not included in the new tax law.8. Changes to the taxation of income from pass-through entities. This is a complex area of tax law, and the new law includes numerous changes to the taxation of income from pass-through entities such as S corporations, limited-liability corporations and partnerships. In general, the new law allows businesses to exclude 20% of their net income from taxation, subject to certain limitations. The deduction could also be limited or disallowed for specified service trades—such as lawyers, doctors and accountants—based on an income threshold. Overall the changes to the taxation of pass-through entities will be beneficial to many business owners, but a lot of service businesses won’t get to enjoy all the benefits of these changes.9. The corporate tax rate has declined. The new tax law reduces the corporate tax rate to flat 21% from the highest 35% rate in the prior system. Lowering the corporate tax rate will increase the profits of many companies, which could provide additional capital for business expansion, increase dividends to shareholders and make the U. S. a more attractive place for foreign businesses to open operations.10. There were no changes to tax-deferred retirement accounts. Early on in the tax debate, it was rumored that there could be changes to the deductions taxpayers receive for contributing to tax-deferred retirement accounts, such as IRAs or 401 (k) retirement plans. The new tax law did not include changes to tax deferred accounts. Bottom line: It’s important to remember that the impact of any of these changes on your personal tax liability will depend on your specific circumstances. In addition, the individual components of your tax bill, including earned income, credits, deductions and other factors work together, like interacting cogs. Therefore, each factor should not be assessed solely in isolation. What you can do next Now might be a good time to check in with a financial consultant to make sure your plan is up to date. Call Schwab at 800-355-2162, visit a branch, or find a consultant. If you haven’t yet created a financial plan, Schwab can help. Learn more aboutinvestment advice at Schwab. New Tax Plan: Frequently Asked Questions Sweeping Tax Bill Becomes Law Was this helpful?46 4
In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally. This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed as a conduit; a passage in which information travels from one individual to another and this information becomes separate from the communication itself. A particular instance of communication is called a speech act. The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents. In the presence of "communication noise" on the transmission channel (air, in this case), reception and decoding of content may be faulty, and thus the speech act may not achieve the desired effect. One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.
Geology of Brownsea Island - Guide by Dr. Ian West. Geological Maps This is an old geological map from Woodward (1907). It is recommended to purchase the current geological map of the British Geological Survey. This is the Bournemouth Sheet, 329, Geological Map - 1:50,000 Solid and Drift Edition. Melville and Freshney (1982) have provided a good brief and useful introduction to the region. Much more useful for serious study and technical details is Bristow, C.R., Freshney, E.C. and Penn, I.E. (1991). , which is strongly recommended for purchase from the British Geological Survey. It is a very good memoir, full of useful information. INTRODUCTION continued: Access to Brownsea Island See the The National Trust , owners of the Island for details. Check whether the island is open on a particular day. Note that usually the last ferry back is at about 5 pm but check whether this is the case for the day that you intend to visit. See: Getting There - Brownsea Island, National Trust. Brownsea Island, which The National Trust , is most easily reached by taking a ferry either from the end of the Sandbanks Peninsula or from Poole Quay. The Sandbanks crossing is shorter, although it can be difficult to find places to park at times. In summer the ferries depart at about every half an hour. The last ferry usually leaves from the island at 5pm, but check the times when you take the ferry out (or obtain details from the The National Trust ). Note that you have to pay the ferry fare and then when you arrive at Brownsea Island you pay an entry fee, unless you are a member of the The National Trust . It is an interesting place in many respects and well-worth the payment. Note that the castle is not open to the public but the island is an excellent place to explore. On arrival by ferry, the Tudor castle, formerly protecting the entrance to Poole Harbour, is seen as a dominant feature. It is now owned by the John Lewis organisation, and used for company holiday. At the landing stage you are welcomed by National Trust staff and toilets and other facilities here. Try to obtain a map of the island because you will need one once you have left the main facilities. From here you walk westward on the main path, passing a bird observatory. Soon you are on grassy lawns with peacocks and chickens running free, and with pine forest around. The path continues on westward but with various branches. The areas of geological interest are mainly on the south coast, and after a stretch of walking you will find a small branching path to this area. You can then explore various parts of the coast and forest. Few people will be seen and it does give a feeling of exploration on a small scale. Although actually very close to Poole and Sandbanks it seems as though it is quite a remote place. INTRODUCTION continued: General Aspects Brownsea Island is the largest and most interesting island in Poole Harbour. It is a former hill standing above river valleys when sea-level was lower, and separated as an island when flooding took place during the Flandrian Transgression after the Pleistocene Ice Age, and Poole Harbour was formed. In the 16th century it was first of significance as a defencive area at the entrance to Poole Harbour. Soon it became important for mineral workings and processing (see Copperas below). Later it was a private island, a type of stately home and park, but with a pottery industry at the eastern end. It had no public access and has retained an almost 19th century character. It became famous for the initation of the Baden-Powell Scout Camps. Relatively recently it has been taken over by the National Trust. More detail on the history is given below. As you walk through the woods look out for the red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris. Elsewhere in Dorset has been replaced by its larger, tougher and more confident, American relative, the grey squirrel. The grey species has not managed to get on to the island. INTRODUCTION continued: A Brief Summarised History of the Island (this is not a complete list of owners and not detailed, see the literature given in the
this is because women need there breast to produce milk for the child this is not a stupid question its also a biological fact men do not have boobs the reason behin d this is that they release hormones namely testosteronesthis hormones disables a man s body to grow the breastsunlike males females don t have such type of hormones so their chest blows to breaststs also a biological fact men do not have boobs the reason behin d this is that they release hormones namely testosterones this hormones disables a man s body to grow the breasts unlike males females don t have such type of hormones so their chest blows to breasts
Ike is a 1979 television miniseries about the life of Dwight D. Eisenhower, with heavy concentration on the time he went to Europe during World War II to serve as Supreme Commander. The screenplay by Melville Shavelson was based on Kay Summersby's 1948 memoir "Eisenhower Was My Boss" and her 1975 autobiography, "Past Forgetting: My Love Affair". Directed by Boris Sagal and Melville Shavelson, the production starred Robert Duvall as Eisenhower and Lee Remick as Kay Summersby. Film editors John Woodcock and Bill Lenny won an Eddie Award for their work and the series garnered five Emmy Award nominations.
For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Scottsdale are 33.509 deg latitude, -111.899 deg longitude, and 1,266 ft elevation. The topography within 2 miles of Scottsdale is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 82 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,260 feet. Within 10 miles is essentially flat (1,946 feet).
Due process Due process developed from clause 39 of Magna Carta in England. Reference to due process first appeared in a statutory rendition of clause 39 in 1354 thus: "No man of what state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements nor taken, nor disinherited, nor put to death, without he be brought to answer by due process of law."[3] When English and American law gradually diverged, due process was not upheld in England but became incorporated in the US Constitution.
What Causes Sulphur Burps? Home » Infants What Causes Sulphur Burps? By Chris Sherwood Protein could be causing your sulfur burps. What is a Sulfur Burp? A sulfur burp is a dispelling of gas through your mouth that has a strong smell of sulfur or rotten eggs. This can be an embarrassing and distressing problem for those affected. These sulfur burps come from three main sources. Medical Reasons for Sulfur Burps The first common, and most serious, cause of sulfur burps is an infection from Helicobacter pylori or Giardia. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that can cause serious infection and ulcers within your stomach. Giardia is a parasite that makes its home in your lower intestine and reproduces to cause serious stomach problems. The most common ways to introduce either of these infections is through unclean water sources or poor hygiene and oral-fecal transmission. Sulfur burps can be a symptom of both of these infections. Food Reasons for Sulfur Burps Some food may also cause sulfur burps. This is especially true in those with diets high in protein. The main culprit in food-related sulfur burps is hydrogen sulfide. If your stomach takes longer than normal to process and expel a meal high in protein, the lingering food can actually start to build up acid and cause a chemical reaction that creates hydrogen sulfide. This can also explain why someone suffering from sulfur burps may feel bloated. In these cases, the sulfur burps usually go away once the lingering protein and hydrogen sulfide is expelled. Prescription Medications That Cause Sulfur Burps Prescription medications may also cause sulfur burps. A quick way to find this out is to look at your prescription label, or do a quick search for your prescription online. This should give you access to a list of ingredients. If any of the ingredients include the word sulfur, that may be producing the sulfur taste and smell of your burps. Resources Medical Health Tests: What Causes Sulfur Burps About the Author Chris Sherwood is a professional journalist who after years in the health administration field and writing health and wellness articles turned towards organic sustainable gardening and food education. He now owns and operates an organic-method small farm focusing his research and writing on both organic gardening methods and hydroponics.
Not a whole lot, actually. Somewhere between 70-80% of that debt is held by American citizens in the form of bonds, including savings bonds. Bonds are heavily used as a stable investment to protect your money from inflation (the rates on the bonds basically keep up with the rate of inflation). And none of the debt is callable, which means that the individuals holding the debt cannot just order to be paid everything due in advance of the payment schedule. In effect, as long as the GDP grows at about the rate of inflation, the amount of debt that the US has is stable. If inflation shoots up, or if GDP falls heavily, it can get a little bit tricky. But that's why we've got the Federal Reserve to look out for those things well in advance and take action to mitigate it before it becomes a problem.
Rio de Janeiro Rio has more people living in slums than any other city in Brazil, according to the 2010 Census. More than 1,500,000 people live in its 763 favelas, 22% of Rio's total population. São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, has more favelas (1,020) in sheer numbers, but proportionally has fewer people living in favelas than Rio.
Spring Lake, New Jersey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Spring Lake, New Jersey Borough Borough of Spring Lake Martin Maloney Cottage Spring Lake in Monmouth County. Inset: Location of Monmouth County highlighted in the State of New Jersey. Census Bureau map of Spring Lake, New Jersey Coordinates: 40.153°N 74.028°WCoordinates: 40.153°N 74.028°W [1] [2]Country United States State New Jersey County Monmouth Incorporated March 14, 1892Government [7]• Type Borough• Body Borough Council• Mayor Jennifer Naughton ( D, term ends December 31, 2019) [3] [4]• Administrator W. Bryan Dempsey [5]• Municipal clerk Dina M. Zahorsky [6]Area [1]• Total 1.728 sq mi (4.475 km 2)• Land 1.330 sq mi (3.444 km 2)• Water 0.398 sq mi (1.031 km 2) 23.04%Area rank 428th of 566 in state 34th of 53 in county [1]Elevation [8] 16 ft (5 m)Population ( 2010 Census) [9] [10] [11]• Total 2,993• Estimate (2016) [12] 2,963• Rank 453rd of 566 in state 40th of 53 in county [13]• Density 2,250.8/sq mi (869.0/km 2)• Density rank 271st of 566 in state 31st of 53 in county [13]Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) Eastern (EDT) ( UTC-4)ZIP code 07762 [14] [15]Area code (s) 732 exchanges: 282, 449, 974 [16]FIPS code 3402570110 [1] [17] [18]GNIS feature ID 0885406 [1] [19]Website www .springlakeboro .org Spring Lake is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 2,993, [9] [10] [11] reflecting a decline of 574 (-16.1%) from the 3,567 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 68 (+1.9%) from the 3,499 counted in the 1990 Census. [20]New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Spring Lake as the 240th best place to live in New Jersey in its 2010 rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey. [21]Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Climate4 Demographics4.1 Census 20104.2 Census 20005 Government5.1 Local government5.2 Federal, state and county representation5.3 Politics6 Education7 Transportation7.1 Roads and highways7.2 Public transportation8 Notable people9 Popular culture10 References11 External links History [ edit]Spring Lake was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 14, 1892, from portions of Wall Township, based on the results of a referendum held on March 8, 1892. On February 24, 1903, the borough of North Spring Lake was annexed to Spring Lake. [22] [23] The borough was named for a clear spring-fed lake. [24] [25] [26]During the " Gilded Age " of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Spring Lake developed into a coastal resort for members of New York City and Philadelphia high society, in similar fashion to the settlements of Newport, Rhode Island and Bar Harbor, Maine. [27] A surviving example of architecture constructed during this era is the Martin Maloney Cottage on Morris Avenue next to the tycoon's former and no longer existent Ballingarry Estate. [28] Another fine example of period architecture listed on the National Register of Historic Places is the Audenried Cottage on Tuttle Avenue. [29]The owner of the Ballingarry Estate, Marquis Martin Maloney, built St. Catharine Roman Catholic Church on a knoll overlooking the eponymous Spring Lake. The cornerstone of the church was laid on St. Patrick's Day in 1901. [30]The second of the five victims of the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, Charles Bruder, 27, a Swiss bellhop for the Essex and Sussex Hotel, was killed on July 6, 1916, while swimming approximately 130 yards (120 m) from shore in Spring Lake. [31] The wave of attacks took place between July 1 and July 12, 1916, along 80 miles (130 km) of Atlantic Ocean coastline and is often attributed as having inspired the novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the corresponding film by Steven Spielberg, [32] though Benchley has explicitly denied the claim. [33]The borough and its environs are known as the "Irish Riviera" because of the large Irish-American population in the area, with Spring Lake having the highest percentage of any municipality in the United States. [34] [35]The Spring Lake 5 Mile Run, a race that was first run in 1977, circles the borough, beginning and ending at the beachfront. [36] The 2014 race had 10,360 finishers, out of 12,500 registered. [37] In 2015, the race was listed as one of the top 100 races in America by Runner's World magazine. [38]Geography [ edit]A group of seagulls move around on Spring Lake's beachfront in the vicinity of a pipe. A view of the Spring Lake beach, boardwalk, dunes, and oceanfront homes According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.728 square miles (4.475 km 2 ), including 1.330 square miles (3.444 km 2) of land and 0.398 square miles (1.031 km 2) of water (23.04%). [1] [2]Wreck Pond is a tidal pond located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Wall Township and the boroughs of Spring Lake, Spring Lake Heights, and Sea Girt, covering an area of 28 acres (11 ha). The Wreck Pond watershed covers about 12 square miles (31 km 2) in eastern Monmouth County. [39]The borough borders the Monmouth County municipalities of Belmar, Lake Como, Sea Girt, Spring Lake Heights and Wall Township. [40]North Spring Lake was an independent borough established in 1884 which comprised the northern portion of Spring Lake. The borough was disestablished and its territory was annexed by Spring Lake in 1903. [22]Climate [ edit]1981 - 2010 monthly climatic averages for Spring Lake Beach, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Twp Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann Avg High Temp 40 °F 43 °F 49 °F 59 °F 68 °F 78 °F 83 °F 82 °F 76 °F 65 °F 55 °F 45 °F 62 °FAvg Low Temp 25 °F 27 °F 33 °F 42 °F 52 °F 61 °F 67 °F 66 °F 59 °F 47 °F 39 °F 30 °F 46 °FAvg Dew Point 22 °F 23 °F 28 °F 38 °F 48 °F 59 °F 64 °F 64 °F 58 °F 46 °F 37 °F 27 °F 43 °FAvg Precip 3.7" 3.1" 4.2" 4.0" 3.5" 3.6" 4.7" 4.5" 3.5" 3.8" 4.0" 4.0" 46.6"Estimated Average Seasonal Snowfall (Nov - Apr) ≈ 19"Dew Point / Humidity Chart Dew Point Humidity≥ 75 °F Extreme70 °F - 74 °F High65 °F - 69 °F Moderate60 °F - 64 °F Slight≤ 59 °F Comfortable Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1900 526 —1910 853 62.2%1920 1,009 18.3%1930 1,745 72.9%1940 1,650 −5.4%1950 2,008 21.7%1960 2,922 45.5%1970 3,896 33.3%1980 4,215 8.2%1990 3,499 −17.0%2000 3,567 1.9%2010 2,993 −16.1%Est. 2016 2,963 [12] [41] −1.0%Population sources: 1900-1920 [42]1900-1910 [43] 1910-1930 [44] 1930-1990 [45] 2000 [46] [47] 2010 [9] [10] [11]Census 2010 [ edit]As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,993 people, 1,253 households, and 829.5 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,250.8 per square mile (869.0/km 2 ). There were 2,048 housing units at an average density of 1,540.2 per square mile (594.7/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the borough was 97.63% (2,922) White, 0.27% (8) Black or African American, 0.03% (1) Native American, 1.00% (30) Asian, 0.03% (1) Pacific Islander, 0.50% (15) from other races, and 0.53% (16) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.90% (57) of the population. [9]There were 1,253 households out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.01. [9]In the borough, the population was spread out with 21.6% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 12.2% from 25 to 44, 33.2% from 45 to 64, and 27.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51.9 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 83.9 males. [9]The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $97,885 (with a margin of error of +/- $16,792) and the median family income was $150,156 (+/- $39,466). Males had a median income of $106,853 (+/- $30,491) versus $68,750 (+/- $15,695) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $71,661 (+/- $14,582). About 2.2% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over. [48]Census 2000 [ edit]As of the 2000 United States Census [17] there were 3,567 people, 1,463 households, and 983 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,723.8 people per square mile (1,051.3/km 2 ). There were 1,930 housing units at an average density of 1,473.7 per square mile (568.8/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.77% White, 0.34% African American, 0.28% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population. [46] [47]There were 1,463 households out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.03. [46] [47]In the borough the population was spread out with 21.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males. [46] [47]As of 2008, the median income for a household in the borough was $115,709. Males had a median income of $88,924 versus $41,000 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $59,445. None of the families and 2.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 6.6% of those over 64. [46] [47]39.4% of Spring Lake residents identified as being of Irish American ancestry in the 2000 Census, the highest percentage of Irish Americans of any place in the United States. [35]Government [ edit]Local government [ edit]Spring Lake is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government. The governing body consists of a Mayor and a Borough Council comprising six council members, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. [7] The Borough form of government used by Spring Lake, the most common system used in the state, is a " weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. [49] [50]As of 2016, the Mayor of Spring Lake is Democrat Jennifer Naughton, whose term of office ends on December 31, 2019. [3] Members of the Spring Lake Borough Council are Council President Brendan Judge ( R, 2017), Robert Drasheff (D, 2018), Joseph T. Erbe Jr. (R, 2016), David R. Frost (R, 2016), Matthew Q. Sagui (R, 2017) and Janice Venables (D, 2018). [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56]Federal, state and county representation [ edit]Spring Lake is located in the 4th Congressional District [57] and is part of New Jersey's 30th state legislative district. [10] [58] [59] Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Spring Lake had been in the 11th state legislative district. [60]New Jersey's Fourth Congressional District is represented by Christopher Smith ( R ). [61] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark, term ends 2021) [62] and Bob Menendez ( Paramus, 2019). [63] [64]For the 2018–2019 session ( Senate, General Assembly ), the 30th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Robert Singer ( R, Lakewood Township) and in the General Assembly by Sean T. Kean (R, Wall Township) and Ned Thomson (R, Wall Township). [65] [66] The Governor of New Jersey is Phil Murphy ( D, Middletown Township ). [67] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange ). [68]Monmouth County is governed by a Board of Chosen Freeholders consisting of five members who are elected at-large to serve three year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects one of its members to serve as Director and another as Deputy Director. [69] As of 2018, Monmouth County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director Thomas A. Arnone ( R, Neptune City, term as freeholder ends December 31, 2019; term as freeholder director ends 2018), [70] Freeholder Deputy Director Lillian G. Burry (R, Colts Neck Township, term as freeholder ends 2020; term as deputy director ends 2018), [71] John P. Curley (R, Middletown Township, 2018), [72] Patrick G. Impreveduto (R, Holmdel Township, 2020) [73] and Dr. Gerry P. Scharfenberger (R, Middletown Township, 2019; appointed to serve an unexpired term) [74] [75] Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are County clerk Christine Giordano Hanlon (R, 2020; Ocean Township ), [76] [77] Sheriff Shaun Golden (R, 2019; Howell Township) [78] [79] and Surrogate Rosemarie D. Peters (R, 2021; Middletown Township). [80]Politics [ edit]As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 2,520 registered voters in Spring Lake, of which 453 (18.0%) were registered as Democrats, 1,104 (43.8%) were registered as Republicans and 961 (38.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were two voters registered to other parties. [81]In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 70.4% of the vote (1,258 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 28.7% (514 votes), and other candidates with 0.9% (16 votes), among the 1,804 ballots cast by the borough's 2,544 registered voters (16 ballots were spoiled ), for a turnout of 70.9%. [82] [83] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John Mc Cain received 64.4% of the vote (1,326 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 32.8% (676 votes) and other candidates with 1.0% (20 votes), among the 2,059 ballots cast by the borough's 2,692 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.5%. [84] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 64.0% of the vote (1,427 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 30.1% (670 votes) and other candidates with 1.0% (30 votes), among the 2,229 ballots cast by the borough's 2,873 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 77.6. [85]In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 82.7% of the vote (1,226 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 15.5% (230 votes), and other candidates with 1.8% (26 votes), among the 1,505 ballots cast by the borough's 2,542 registered voters (23 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 59.2%. [86] [87] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 68.8% of the vote (1,144 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 23.3% (388 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.7% (95 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (11 votes), among the 1,663 ballots cast by the borough's 2,593 registered voters, yielding a 64.1% turnout. [88]Education [ edit]The Spring Lake School District is a public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at H. W. Mountz School. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its one school had an enrollment of 292 students and 26.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1. [89] In 2015, H. W. Mountz School was one of 15 schools in New Jersey, and one of nine public schools, recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School in the exemplary high performing category by the United States Department of Education. [90] [91]Students attending public high school for ninth through twelfth grades are assigned to Manasquan High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Manasquan Public Schools. Manasquan High School also serves students from Avon-by-the-Sea, Belmar, Brielle, Lake Como, Sea Girt and Spring Lake Heights who attend Manasquan High School as part of sending/receiving relationships with their respective districts. [92] [93] [94] As of the 2014-15 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,012 students and 67.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.9:1. [95]Students may also attend one of the magnet schools in the Monmouth County Vocational School District — Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Academy of Allied Health & Science, High Technology High School, Biotechnology High School, and Communications High School. [96] [97]Spring Lake students are also served by Saint Catharine School, a Catholic school that serves students in grades K-8 and operates under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton. [98] [99]Transportation [ edit]Spring Lake station, which is served by NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line Roads and highways [ edit]As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 28.19 miles (45.37 km) of roadways, of which 26.06 miles (41.94 km) were maintained by the municipality and 2.13 miles (3.43 km) by Monmouth County. [100]Route 71 is accessible in bordering Spring Lake Heights. The Garden State Parkway and I-195 are accessible in neighboring Wall Township. Public transportation [ edit]NJ Transit offers train service at the Spring Lake station [101] on the North Jersey Coast Line via Newark Penn Station to Secaucus Junction, Penn Station New York and Hoboken Terminal. [102]NJ Transit bus service is available between the borough and Philadelphia on the 317 route, with local service offered on the 830 route. [103]Notable people [ edit]See also: Category: People from Spring Lake, New Jersey. People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Spring Lake include: Charles A. Agemian (1909-1996), banker who left Chase Manhattan Bank and became chairman and chief executive officer of Garden State National Bank. [104]George Ansbro (1915-2011), radio announcer for six decades on NBC and CBS. [105]Craig Biggio (born 1965), Houston Astros MLB hall of fame baseball player. [106]Tom Brower (born 1965), member of the Hawaii House of Representatives. [107]Chris Candido (1972–2005), professional wrestler. [108]Bill Carmody (born 1951), head basketball coach at Northwestern University. [109] [110]Caroline Casagrande (born 1976), politician who represented the 12th and 11th Districts in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2008 to 2015. [111]Robert Chesebrough (1837–1933), inventor of Vaseline. [112]Katharine "Kerry" Close (born 1992), winner of the 79th annual Scripps National Spelling Bee in 2006. [113]Paul J. Curran (1933-2008), politician who served in the New York State Assembly and fought corruption as a federal prosecutor and as the state's commissioner of investigation. [114]Al De Rogatis (1927–1995), football player and television sportscaster. [115]Khigh Dheigh (1910–1991), actor, starred in the original film version of The Manchurian Candidate. [116]Anne Evans Estabrook, real estate developer who was the frontrunner in the Republican primary for the 2008 United States Senate race in New Jersey before suffering a mini-stroke and withdrawing from the race. [117]Jack Ford, Court TV news anchor. [118]Mary Higgins Clark (born 1927), writer whose 2001 book On the Street Where You Live was set in Spring Lake. [119]Kermit Love (1916–2008), creator of the Sesame Street characters Big Bird and Mr. Snuffleupagus. [120]William Gibbs Mc Adoo (1863–1941), United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Wilson. [121]Dave Mc Donald (born 1977), radio personality. [122]Gil Mc Dougald (1928–2010), former New York Yankees infielder. [123]James P. Mitchell (1900–1964), United States Secretary of Labor from 1953 to 1961 during the Eisenhower Administration. [124]Vincent J. Murphy (1893-1976), Mayor of Newark, New Jersey from 1941 to 1949. [125]Jack Nicholson (born 1937), actor. [126] [127]Wilbur Ross (born 1937), investor and former banker. [128]Sonny Senerchia (1931-2003), former Major League Baseball third baseman who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1952. [129]Popular culture [ edit]Spring Lake is the setting for the Mary Higgins Clark novel On the Street Where You Live. [130] The opening scenes of Ulu Grosbard's 1968 film The Subject Was Roses were filmed in Spring Lake. [131] [132] Indie rock band Vampire Weekend filmed a music video for their song " Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa " in a home in Spring Lake, as well as on the beach. [133] Spring Lake was used as a stand-in for turn-of-the-century Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the 1981 film Ragtime. [134]In John Frankenheimer 's 1962 film The Manchurian Candidate, the character of Major Bennett Marco (played by Frank Sinatra) suffers from a nightmare set in Spring Lake. He imagines himself and his fellow soldiers sitting through a lecture by Mrs. Henry Whitaker of the Spring Lake Garden Club. A sign reveals the location of the lecture to be the fictional "Spring Lake Hotel". Eventually, the audience sees that the garden club meeting is merely an illusion and the platoon is actually at a meeting of Russian and Chinese officials in Manchuria. The Mrs. Whitaker character is actually a Chinese scientist named Dr. Yen Lo, portrayed by Spring Lake native Khigh Dheigh. [135]References [ edit]^ a b c d e f 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.^ a b US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.^ a b Mayor Jennifer Naughton, Borough of Spring Lake. Accessed July 18, 2016.^ 2017 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed May 30, 2017.^ Borough Administrator, Borough of Spring Lake. Accessed July 18, 2016.^ Borough Clerk, Borough of Spring Lake. Accessed July 18, 2016.^ a b 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 58.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Borough of Spring Lake, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.^ a b c d e f DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Spring Lake borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ a b c d Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 13. Accessed January 6, 2013.^ a b c Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Spring Lake borough, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ a b PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 - 2016 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 16, 2017.^ a b GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed November 30, 2012.^ Look Up a ZIP Code for Spring Lake, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 30, 2013.^ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Spring Lake, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed August 30, 2013.^ a b American Fact Finder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed November 26, 2012.^ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.^ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Staff. "Top Towns 2010: Alphabetical", New Jersey Monthly, February 9, 2010. Accessed July 14, 2011.^ a b Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 186. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Honeyman, Abraham Van Doren. Index-analysis of the Statutes of New Jersey, 1896-1909: Together with References to All Acts, and Parts of Acts, in the 'General Statutes' and Pamphlet Laws Expressly Repealed: and the Statutory Crimes of New Jersey During the Same Period, p. 263. New Jersey Law Journal Publishing Company, 1910. Accessed October 8, 2015.^ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 7, 2015.^ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 288. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed October 7, 2015.^ Brief History, Borough of Spring Lake. Accessed October 8, 2015. "In the early 1900's, the town boasted fine hotels, lavish estates, and pretentious private homes (known as "cottages"), surrounded by the beautiful clear pond renamed 'Spring Lake. '"^ Corcoran, David. "All That Glitters", The New York Times, July 24, 2005. Accessed July 14, 2011. "Spring Lake... The town was founded in the Gilded Age and in certain ways has never left it. "^ Seebohn, Caroline; and Cook, Peter C. Cottages and mansions of the Jersey shore, p. 99. Rutgers University Press, 2007. ISBN 0-8135-4016-X. Accessed July 14, 2011. "One of the most spectacular examples of Spring Lake architecture is the so-called Maloney Cottage, at 101 Morris Avenue. Its wedding-cake opulence, fantastical porches and verandahs up steep flights of stairs, elaborate carpentry, curved balustrades, and dizzying rooflines cause people today to stop and stare. Brilliantly white, intricately decorated, the house represents the Gilded Age of Spring Lake at its most glamorous. "^ NEW JERSEY - Monmouth County, National Register of Historic Places. Accessed July 14, 2011.^ [1]^ Staff. "SHARK KILLS BATHER: Bites Off Both Legs Of Bellboy At Springlake, N. J.--Second Case In Week", The Baltimore Sun, July 7, 1916. Accessed July 14, 2011. "While hundreds of summer visitors on the beach and in the south end pavilion looked on helpless, Charles Bruder, a bellboy in one of the largest beach-front hotels, was attacked by a shark this afternoon and before help could arrive lost both his legs. "^ Staff. "The Shark That Inspired 'Jaws'", The Early Show, February 11, 2009. Accessed July 14, 2011. "Taking a dip in the ocean just hasn't been the same since the release of "Jaws" more than 25 years ago. But what many people don't know is that the film is based on a series of deadly shark attacks in the summer of 1916 along the New Jersey shoreline.... The second victim was a bellboy from Switzerland working at a hotel in Spring Lake. His name was Charles Bruder, and he was a very strong swimmer. "^ Broad, William J. "Scientists Say Frenzy Over Shark Attacks Is Unwarranted", The New York Times, September 5, 2001. Accessed October 15, 2015. "As proof, they note a series of fatal shark attacks that terrorized the Jersey Shore in the summer of 1916, events that inspired the movie Jaws. ... Correction: September 8, 2001, Saturday An article on Wednesday and one in the New Jersey section on Sunday about fears over sharks referred incorrectly to the inspiration for the 1974 novel Jaws. Its author, Peter Benchley, says the book was not inspired by attacks off New Jersey in 1916.^ Warner, Susan. "Painting By The Numbers: What And Where Is Home? ", The New York Times, July 14, 2002. Accessed August 30, 2013. "Spring Lake, New Jersey's so-called Irish Riviera, is indeed New Jersey's most Irish municipality. Just over half of Spring Lake's population, 50.7 percent, said it had roots in the auld sod. "^ a b Irish Ancestry by City, EPodunk. Accessed June 4, 2006.^ History, Spring Lake Five Mie Run. Accessed July 17, 2012. "At first glance it may seem odd that a small town on the Jersey Shore would be home to one of the largest and best running events in the nation. Since it was first held in 1977, the Spring Lake Five Mile Run has grown from a small local fun run into New Jersey's largest road race and a nationally recognized event. "^ Hinck, Penny. "Ten Thousand Finishers at 2014 Spring Lake Five Mile Run", Atlantic Highlands Herald, May 27, 2014. Accessed May 9, 2016. " Ten thousand three hundred sixty road racers (5,018 males – 5,342 females, 12,500 registered) was the huge number that finished this year in the 38th annual Spring Lake Five Mile Run on the perfect-running-weather morning of May 24. "^ History, The Spring Lake Five Mile Run. Accessed May 9, 2016. " The race has been recognized by Runner's World Magazine as one of the top 100 races in America. "^ Wreck Pond Restoration Measures, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Watershed Management and Office of Construction and Engineering, May 2004. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Areas touching Spring Lake, Map It. Accessed July 24, 2015.^ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 16, 2017.^ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed August 30, 2013.^ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 338. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 717. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Table 6. New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed June 28, 2015.^ a b c d e Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Spring Lake borough, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ a b c d e DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Spring Lake borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Spring Lake borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask", New Jersey State League of Municipalities. Accessed November 30, 2014.^ "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 6. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 3, 2015.^ Borough Hall, Borough of Spring Lake. Accessed July 18, 2016.^ 2016 Municipal Data Sheet, Borough of Spring Lake. Accessed July 18, 2016.^ Monmouth County Directory 2016, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed July 14, 2016.^ November 3, 2015 General Election Official Results, Monmouth County, New Jersey, updated January 27, 2016. Accessed July 14, 2016.^ November 4, 2014 General Election Official Results, Monmouth County, New Jersey, updated November 24, 2014. Accessed July 14, 2016.^ Official Election Results - General Election November 5, 2013, Monmouth County, New Jersey Accessed July 14, 2016.^ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.^ 2017 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 64, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 30, 2017.^ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.^ 2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 64, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 5, 2012.^ About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community. "^ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert. "^ Senators of the 114th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"^ Legislative Roster 2018-2019 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 22, 2018.^ District 30 Legislators, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 22, 2018.^ Governor Phil Murphy, State of New Jersey. Accessed January 16, 2018.^ Lieutenant Governor Oliver, State of New Jersey. Accessed January 16, 2018. "Assemblywoman Oliver has resided in the City of East Orange for over 40 years. "^ Monmouth County Government, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Freeholder Thomas A. Arnone, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Freeholder Lillian G. Burry, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Freeholder John P. Curley, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Freeholder Patrick Impreveduto, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Freeholder Gerry P. Scharfenberger, Ph. D., Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Freeholder Gary J. Rich Sr., Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 4, 2014.^ The Monmouth County Clerk, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Members List: Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ About Sheriff Shaun Golden, Monmouth County Sheriff's Office. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Members List: Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Monmouth County Surrogate, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed February 18, 2018.^ Voter Registration Summary - Monmouth, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2012.^ "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Monmouth County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Monmouth County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.^ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Monmouth County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 7, 2012.^ 2004 Presidential Election: Monmouth County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed December 7, 2012.^ "Governor - Monmouth County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.^ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Monmouth County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.^ 2009 Governor: Monmouth County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed December 7, 2012.^ District information for Spring Lake Borough, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 7, 2016.^ 2015 National Blue Ribbon Schools All Public and Private, National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Accessed November 14, 2016.^ Mueller, Mark. "Which N. J. schools were named National Blue Ribbon schools? ", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 29, 2015. Accessed November 14, 2016. "Fifteen New Jersey schools have been recognized by the federal government as National Blue Ribbon Schools, a designation that celebrates excellence in academics or progress in closing the achievement gap among groups of students.... Each of the 15 New Jersey schools was chosen for the 'exemplary high performing' category, which weighs state or national tests, high school graduation rates and the performance of subgroups of students, such as those who are economically disadvantaged. "^ Sending districts, Manasquan Public Schools. Accessed July 30, 2012. "The district educates over 1700 students. Close to seven-hundred students attend our K-8 elementary school. Manasquan High School receives students from eight different districts; Avon, Bradley Beach, Brielle, Belmar, Lake Como, Sea Girt, Spring Lake, and Spring Lake Heights. "^ Manasquan Public Schools 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed May 29, 2016. "Manasquan High School receives students from seven sending districts; Avon, Belmar, Lake Como, Spring Lake, Spring Lake Heights, Sea Girt, Brielle, as well as our Manasquan Elementary School students. "^ Sending Districts, Manasquan Public Schools. Accessed May 29, 2016. "Manasquan High School receives students from seven different districts; Avon, Brielle, Belmar, Lake Como, Sea Girt, Spring Lake, and Spring Lake Heights. Including our Manasquan students, the high school population is just under one thousand students. "^ School data for Manasquan High School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 12, 2016.^ Spring Lake Borough School District 2013 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed July 18, 2016. "Students in grades 9 through 12 attend Manasquan High School, Wall Township Communications High School, The Academy of Allied Health and Science and various other private and parochial high schools. "^ Career Academy Admissions, Monmouth County Vocational School District. Accessed October 27, 2013.^ Our History, Saint Catharine School. Accessed October 27, 2013.^ School Directory, Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton. Accessed October 27, 2013.^ Monmouth County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.^ Spring Lake station, NJ Transit. Accessed October 27, 2013.^ North Jersey Coast Line, NJ Transit. Accessed October 27, 2013.^ Monmouth County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 26, 2010. Accessed August 9, 2012.^ Thomas Jr., Robert Mc G. "C. A. Agemian, 86, Former Executive At Chase Manhattan", The New York Times, April 1, 1996. Accessed July 20, 2017. "Charles A. Agemian, a former Chase Manhattan executive whose banking career covered two thirds of a century, died on Friday at a hospital in Neptune, N. J. He was 86 and a resident of Spring Lake. "^ "I Have a Lady in the Balcony", Mc Farland & Company. Accessed November 12, 2008. "George Ansbro was an announcer for the NBC and ABC networks for six decades. He worked in both the live radio era of big bands and soap operas and the television era, retiring from ABC in 1990. He lives in Spring Lake, New Jersey. "^ "The Un Hamptons: 9 Jersey Shore", New York (magazine), May 28, 2001. Accessed August 1, 2011. "Spring Lake counts among its residents author Mary Higgins Clark, who set her latest novel here, as well as newscaster Jack Ford and Houston Astro Craig Biggio. "^ Tim Brower, Hawaii State Legislature. Accessed February 4, 2011. "He also lived in Belmar and Spring Lake on the New Jersey Shore as a child, where he attended grammar school and high school. "^ Williams, Carol Gorga. "Wrestler remembered as man who loved life Shore resident Christopher B. Candito, 33, died Thursday in hospital", Asbury Park Press, April 30, 2005. Accessed April 3, 2011. "Born in Edison, Candito, 33, had lived in Spring Lake until moving to Matawan 10 years ago. He attended H. W. Mountz Grammar School in Spring Lake..."^ Stump, Scott. "Carmody struggles to overcome history", Asbury Park Press, December 18, 2005. "The former Spring Lake resident is no stranger to traveling long distances, considering Northwestern's roster has been heavily sprinkled with foreign players during his tenure. "^ Chung, Keanie. "Lessons from stonemason's precision give Carmody confidence to take wing", Chicago Sun-Times, November 16, 2000. Accessed August 14, 2012. "Carmody, 48, grew up in Spring Lake, NJ, a town on the Jersey shore, as the fifth of John and Marion Carmody's 11 children. "^ Tesoriero, Tobi. "People On The Move: Assemblywoman Caroline Casagrande", Living In Media, October 23, 2008, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 18, 2012. Accessed October 8, 2015. "This is not to say, however, that Casagrande has deserted her Jersey Shore roots (she is originally from Spring Lake); she still loves the shore and plans to pass along her love of the ocean and sand to her son. "^ Staff. "Building at Spring Lake, N. J. ", The New York Times, August 13, 1939. Accessed April 3, 2011. "Armino A. Campagna, New York builder, has started construction of a group of all-year homes on the former estate of the late Robert A. Chesebrough on Pitney Avenue Spring Lake N. J. "^ 13-Year-Old New Jersey Girl Wins Scripps National Spelling Bee, Scripps National Spelling Bee press release dated June 1, 2006.^ Mc Fadden, Robert D. "Paul Curran, 75, Corruption Foe, Dies", The New York Times, September 6, 2008. Accessed November 14, 2016. "Mr. Curran, who lived in Manhattan and Spring Lake, N. J., died of complications of cancer, said his son Thomas. "^ Reilly, Michael. "Former Broadcaster De Rogatis Dies Of Cancer", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 28, 1995. Accessed August 3, 2007. "Mr. De Rogatis, who lived in Spring Lake, died of cancer at Jersey Shore Medical Center. "^ via Associated Press. "Khigh Dhiegh, 81", Telegram & Gazette, October 27, 1991. Accessed July 14, 2011. "He was born in Spring Lake, NJ, and lived most of his life in New York. "^ Burton, Cynthia. "Senate hopeful is out of GOP race Developer Anne Evans Estabrook says she suffered a minor stroke. ", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 6, 2008. Accessed October 8, 2015. "Because Estabrook, a wealthy developer from Spring Lake, could have heavily funded her campaign and comes from the GOP's moderate wing, some Democrats saw her as a threat to U. S. Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D., N. J.). "^ The Un Hamptons: 9 Jersey Shore, New York (magazine), May 28, 2001. Accessed July 28, 2007. "Spring Lake counts among its residents author Mary Higgins Clark, who set her latest novel here, as well as newscaster Jack Ford and Houston Astro Craig Biggio. "^ Meet the Writers: Mary Higgins Clark, accessed March 22, 2007. "They now live in Saddle River, New Jersey; they also have an apartment in Manhattan and summer homes in Spring Lake, New Jersey and Dennis, Massachusetts. "^ Hevesi, Dennis. "Kermit Love, Costume Creator, Dies at 91", The New York Times, June 24, 2008. Accessed August 14, 2012. "Despite his assumed English (and sometimes French) accent, Kermit Ernest Hollingshead Love was born in Spring Lake, N. J., on Aug. 7, 1916. "^ Staff. "UTICA WELCOMES FARM LOAN BOARD; Bankers as Well as Farmers Agreeable to the Idea of Establishing a Bank There. GRANGERS ANXIOUS FOR IT Nearly 500 Agricultural Societies In New York State Indorse the New Federal Act. ", The New York Times, August 25, 1916. Accessed December 7, 2012. "After the hearing today Secretary Mc Adoo returned to Spring Lake, N. J., because of the illness of Mrs. Mc Adoo, who has malarial fever, contracted in the tropics during her recent tour with the Secretary to South America. "^ "Who's your daddy? ", The Boston Globe, October 14, 2004. Accessed December 7, 2012. "Dave Mc Donald of Spring Lake, NJ proudly displays the very close knockoff of the original and controversial Major League Baseball t-shirt. "^ Berkow, Ira. "BASEBALL: The Sweetest Sound of All; Mc Dougald, Yankee Star of 50's, Can Hear Again After Operation", The New York Times, January 4, 1995. Accessed July 14, 2011. "The Mc Dougalds had taken the nearly two-hour train ride from their home in Spring Lake, N. J., and would be going across the street to Bellevue Hospital. "^ "James Mitchell Sits In One Of The Capital's Hottest Spots As The New Secretary Of Labor", Asbury Park Press, November 22, 1953. Accessed March 17, 2017. "To this day, his family and friends are convinced that if he hadn't been feeling wretched from the onset of chicken pox, the nation would have an admiral instead of a secretary of labor named James Paul Mitchell, of 214 South Boulevard, Spring Lake, N. J. "^ Staff. "VINCENT MURPHY, LABOR LEADER, 83; Headed Jersey A. F. L.-C. I. O. and Was Mayor of Newark", The New York Times, June 9, 1976. Accessed August 14, 2012. "Vincent J. Murphy, the longtime New Jersey labor leader and former Mayor of Newark, died yesterday at his home in Spring Lake, N. J. He was 83 years old. "^ Mc Dougal, Dennis (October 2007). Five Easy Decades: How Jack Nicholson Became the Biggest Movie Star in Modern Times. Wiley. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-471-72246-5. "When Jack was ready for high school, the family moved once more-this time two miles (3 km) farther south to old-money Spring Lake, Jersey's so called Irish Riviera, where Ethel May set up her beauty parlor in a rambling duplex at 505 Mercer Avenue. "^ Nicholson, Jack. "No Getting Away From NJ: Hollywood legend Jack Nicholson attempts to elucidate the definitive quality of New Jersey. ", New Jersey Monthly, November 15, 2010. Accessed July 14, 2011. "I grew up on the Shore...in Neptune, Neptune City, Manasquan, and Spring Lake. Graduated from Manasquan [High School]. No offense to Atlantic City, but, where we grew up, we called it 'The Shore. '"^ Newman, Richard. "Community spirit - takeover maestro Ross eyes North Jersey banks", The Record (Bergen County), August 16, 2010. Accessed December 2, 2016. "Ross is no stranger to New Jersey. He grew up in North Bergen, the son of a lawyer and a schoolteacher, and his family spent summers at the Jersey Shore in Spring Lake, where his sister and brother-in-law live. "^ Staff. "Emanuel Robert Senerchia, 72, Major League Baseball player, concert violinist and educator", Asbury Park Press, November 6, 2003. Accessed August 14, 2012. "A 20-year resident of Spring Lake, he also resided in Long Branch and Ocean Township, where he continued his careers in music and teaching. "^ Vitullo-Martin, Julia. "The (Spring) Lake Effect", The New York Sun, September 26, 2005. Accessed July 14, 2011. "Or as mystery writer and Spring Lake homeowner Mary Higgins Clark wrote of a character in her novel "On the Street Where You Live": He "enjoyed Spring Lake best once late autumn set in. By then the summer people had closed their houses, not appearing even for weekends. '"^ Pike, Helen-Chantal. "By the sea - New Jersey's `Irish Riviera' offers a taste of summer from an earlier era", Boston Herald, July 3, 1997. Accessed July 17, 2012. "Movie buffs might remember Spring Lake as the setting for the 1968 film "The Subject Was Roses," in which Patricia Neal escaped her dingy New York apartment for solace by the seashore. "^ The Subject Was Roses - Notes, Turner Classic Movies. Accessed July 17, 2012.^ Shabe, John. "Vampire Weekend films in Spring Lake, Sea Girt, report says", The Star-Ledger, July 18, 2008. Accessed July 17, 2012. "Pop music sensation Vampire Weekend did video shoots earlier this week on the beach in Sea Girt and inside a spiffy home in Spring Lake, MTV.com reports ..."^ Staff. "SPRING LAKE OFFERS A PEACE OF THE PAST", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 6, 1983. Accessed July 17, 2012. "Three years ago, when the producers of the movie Ragtime were looking for a setting for scenes that were supposed to depict Atlantic City at the turn of the [20th] century, they chose Spring Lake and its grand, ocean-front Essex and Sussex Hotel. "^ Marcus, Greil. The Manchurian Candidate, p. 19. Macmillan Publishers, 2002. ISBN 0-85170-931-1. Accessed July 14, 2011. "It's 1954. Major Ben Marco of the US Army, played by Frank Sinatra, is lying on his bed, fully clothed in his uniform, dreaming the same dream he dreams every night. He's sweating. As his lips twitch, the camera moves in and we enter his dream. We're in an old hotel in Spring Lake, New Jersey; a meeting of the Ladies Garden Club is in progress. "External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spring Lake, New Jersey. Borough of Spring Lake official website Spring Lake community website Spring Lake Chamber of Commerce H. W. Mountz School H. W. Mountz School's 2015–16 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education School Data for the H. W. Mountz School, National Center for Education Statistics A clip of Spring Lake circa 1929, from the Spring Lake Historical Society Images of America: Spring Lake, by area historian Patricia F. Colrick The New York Times, Weekender: Spring Lake, NJPreceded by Belmar Beaches of New Jersey Succeeded by Sea Girt [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States [ show]Places adjacent to Spring Lake, New Jersey Categories: Spring Lake, New Jersey 1892 establishments in New Jersey Borough form of New Jersey government Boroughs in Monmouth County, New Jersey Irish-American neighborhoods Jersey Shore communities in Monmouth County Populated places established in 1892
Aubrey Drake Graham -LRB- born October 24 , 1986 -RRB- better known by the stage name Drake , is a Canadian rapper , singer , songwriter , record producer , and actor . Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi : The Next Generation in the early 2000s . Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper , he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape , Room for Improvement . He released two further independent projects , Comeback Season and So Far Gone , before signing to Lil Wayne 's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009 . Drake released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010 , which debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- . His next two releases were 2011 's Take Care and 2013 's Nothing Was the Same , with certifications of quadruple and triple platinum respectively in the U.S. , with the former also earning him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . They were followed by two mixtapes , with the trap-influenced If You 're Reading This It 's Too Late , and a collaboration with Future for What a Time to Be Alive , in 2015 , which both also earned platinum certification in the U.S. Drake released his fourth album , Views , in 2016 , breaking several chart records in the process . The dancehall-influenced album sat atop the Billboard 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks , becoming the first album by a solo male to do so in over 10 years . Its single `` One Dance '' topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , where it became his first number-one single as the lead artist . This saw Drake leading the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 simultaneously for eight weeks , coming close to a record held by Whitney Houston . It achieved quadruple platinum status in the U.S. , and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release . The single `` Hotline Bling '' secured him his second and third Grammy win , for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , at the organization 's 59th ceremony . Drake released the multi-genre More Life in 2017 . Described by Drake as a playlist , it was his seventh consecutive number one on the Billboard 200 , and set multiple streaming records . Drake owns several Billboard chart records . He has the most charted songs -LRB- 154 -RRB- among solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 , the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week -LRB- 24 -RRB- , and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week -LRB- 21 -RRB- . Drake also has the most number one singles on the Hot Rap Songs , Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic Charts . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , Drake has won three Juno Awards and six American Music Awards . Drake has developed other ventures , including his OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib . Drake acts as a producer , producing under the pseudonym of Champagne Papi . Using the `` OVO '' moniker , Drake has his own clothing line and his own program on Beats 1 Radio . He is also currently acting as the global ambassador for NBA franchise , the Toronto Raptors .
Viola tricolor Shakespeare makes a more direct reference, probably to V. tricolor[b] in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Oberon sends Puck to gather "a little western flower that maidens call love-in-idleness". Oberon's account is that he diverted an arrow from Cupid's bow aimed at "a fair vestal, throned by the west" (supposedly Queen ElizabethÂ I) to fall upon the plant "before milk-white, now purple with love's wound". The "imperial vot'ress" passes on "fancy-free", destined never to fall in love.
Bionix YTV hosted the North American broadcast premiere of "Sailor Moon" in August 1995. The final 17 episodes of "Sailor Moon R" were dubbed specifically for the Canadian market. Series such as "Dragon Ball" and "Pokémon" were broadcast on the channel in following years. In 2000, YTV broadcast "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing", airing an edited version of the series at 11:30 p.m. ET on weeknights.
Goofus and Gallant is an American children's comic strip appearing monthly in "Highlights for Children". The comic contrasts the actions of the titular characters, presenting Gallant's actions as right and good and Goofus's as bad and wrong. Created by Garry Cleveland Myers and first published in "Children's Activities" in 1940, "Goofus and Gallant" moved to "Highlights for Children" when the magazine was founded in 1946.
Anti-government protests in 1991 led to a coup, a transitional government, and a new constitution. Opposition to the corrupt and dictatorial regime of General Moussa Traoré grew during the 1980s. During this time strict programs, imposed to satisfy demands of the International Monetary Fund, brought increased hardship upon the country's population, while elites close to the government supposedly lived in growing wealth. Peaceful student protests in January 1991 were brutally suppressed, with mass arrests and torture of leaders and participants. Scattered acts of rioting and vandalism of public buildings followed, but most actions by the dissidents remained nonviolent.
What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders; by the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, fighting broke out between various factions in December 2012, leading to ethnic and religious cleansing of the Muslim minority and massive population displacement in 2013 and 2014.
Eve Pollard OBE - Host and Guest Speaker - Book Eve General Enquiry form Referred to as the ‘First Lady of Fleet Street’, Eve was the first female editor of the Sunday Mirror and the Sunday Express. In 1985, Eve was launch editor-in-chief of Elle Magazine in the US and edited the Sunday magazine for the News of the World and You Magazine for the Mail on Sunday. Eve Pollard appears regularly as guest newspaper reviewer on many programmes including LBC’s Breakfast Show, BBC TV Weekend Breakfast and Sky News. A regular media commentator, Eve is greatly sought after for talking-head programmes because of her vast knowledge of media, current affairs and entertainment. As an author, Eve’s publications include Jackie, a biography of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (1971), and four jointly written novels: Splash (1995) Best of Enemies (1996), Double Trouble (1997) and Unfinished Business (1998). Eve is an extremely funny, interesting and insightful After Dinner Speaker, entertaining audiences as diverse as Manchester Chamber of Commerce, NCH and BT being described as “hitting the perfect note” and “highly appreciated by the audience”. Journalistic Career: Daily Mirror – Magazine Fashion Editor Observer Magazine – Women’s Editor Sunday Mirror – Women’s Editor Sunday People – Assistant Editor Sunday Magazine, News of the World – Editor You Magazine, Mail on Sunday – Editor Sunday Mirror – Editor
The University of Oxford -LRB- informally Oxford University or simply Oxford -RRB- is a collegiate research university located in Oxford , England . It has no known date of foundation , but there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096 , making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world 's second-oldest university in continuous operation . It is one of the world 's most prestigious universities . It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris . After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209 , some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge . The two `` ancient universities '' are frequently jointly referred to as `` Oxbridge '' . The university is made up of a variety of institutions , including 38 constituent colleges and a full range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions . All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university , each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities . Being a city university , it does not have a main campus ; instead , its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre . Most undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials at the colleges and halls , supported by classes , lectures and laboratory work provided by university faculties and departments . Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship , one of the world 's oldest and most prestigious scholarships , which has brought graduate students to study at the university for more than a century . The university operates the world 's oldest university museum , as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain . Oxford has educated many notable alumni , including 28 Nobel laureates , 27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom , and many heads of state and government around the world .
List of European Union member states by political system This is a list of European Union member states, their forms of government and their parliaments. The European Union (EU) is a sui generis supranational union of democratic states. At a European Council Summit held in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 June and 22 June 1993,[2] the European Union defined the Copenhagen criteria regarding the conditions a candidate country has to fulfill to be considered eligible for accession to the European Union:
History of Puerto Rico In 1898, during the Spanishâ€“American War, Puerto Rico was invaded and subsequently became a possession of the United States. The first years of the 20th century were marked by the struggle to obtain greater democratic rights from the United States. The Foraker Act of 1900, which established a civil government, and the Jones Act of 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens, paved the way for the drafting of Puerto Rico's Constitution and its approval by Congress and Puerto Rican voters in 1952. However, the political status of Puerto Rico, a Commonwealth controlled by the United States, remains an anomaly.
When does the Canadian ski season start and finish? Which months from and to? Sports Winter Sports Snow Skiing When does the Canadian ski season start and finish? Which months from and to? I'm trying to find out when the Canadian ski season officially starts. I've heard it's earlier than the European season. When do the resorts officially open for the ski season? Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: It depends a lot on the amount of snowfall, but generally I would say by the end of the first week in December. In the interior of the Rockies, if the amount of snowfall is normal, I think they try to be open by the beginning of December. The trails might not be as worked down as later on after more traffic has arrived. The higher the altitude the sooner they tend to open because the snowfall is greater. For example, Sunshine Village at Banff might be open a bit earlier and closed a bit later (beginning of May) than Lake Louise in the same area because it probably has more snow. However, the trails are not as long because the base of the resort is higher up. You could maybe try looking a fgew up on the Internet and visiting the individual sites. It is hard to comment about the resorts in Quebec because the altitude is lower and the snow tends to be wetter and heavier.spanner · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Ski Season Canada Source (s):https://shrinks.im/a8OU8? · 1 year ago0 0 Comment This Site Might Help You. RE: When does the Canadian ski season start and finish? Which months from and to? I'm trying to find out when the Canadian ski season officially starts. I've heard it's earlier than the European season. When do the resorts officially open for the ski season? Source (s):canadian ski season start finish months to: https://shortly.im/71qbl Anonymous · 3 years ago0 0 Comment Canada Snow Season Source (s):https://shrink.im/a0Rm1? · 2 years ago0 0 Comment The ski season in Canada starts when the snow flies in the mountains. Whistler Blackcomb is usually in November, sometimes earlier, it ends in July or August. I'm not sure about Banff, Lake Louise. Mt Hood in Oregon, USA Starts in November and ends in August, all depend on the snow storms. Few areas will operate all facilities on the ends of the season, most of that time is for training of staff and racers, the public will not really enjoy the limited number of runs and continuous high speed skiers on the hill. Jim W · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/axdf U Well, that depends. Average ski places open around thanksgiving, give or take a few weeks. As the ski places grow in size, they normally open earlier, like maybe october. If you are talking about HUGE places like Whistler Blackcomb, they have jobs that involve skiing year round. Hope this helped!? · 2 years ago0 0 Comment It starts snowing in October and November and some resorts open around Thanksgiving, but that is pretty much the earliest. The season lasts until early April, when the snow is melting and the mountains are shutting down.? · 2 years ago0 0 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Need a Home Security Safe? Find Email Marketing Software Find Moving Container Services Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms?
Spend Analysis Information about Spend Analysis A spend analysis is a process for analysing the historical spend (purchasing) data of an organisation to provide answers to questions concerning spend visibility, compliance and control (Pandit and Marmanis, 2008). The spend analysis aims to inform strategies that realise savings on total spend and better purchasing and supply management outcomes (Pandit and Marmanis, 2008). It is often the first step in aligning a firm’s sourcing strategy with its competitive strategy. In order to analyse all goods and services purchased and to forecast purchases for the future, firms need to aggregate total purchases across all organisational divisions (Rendon, 2005). The objective (output) of the spend analysis is to produce a fully documented understanding of the company’s prior and future spend for supplies and services, segregated by users and suppliers (Rendon, 2005). Return to People and Skills topic. Please login here to Download PDF (747kb)Not a CIPS member? Join online today to gain instant access to CIPS Knowledge CIPS Australasia - Dealing with Monopolistic and Distorted Supply Markets CIPS Australasia - How Do We Measure Up? CIPS Knowledge Insight - Costing and Pricing: What the Buyer Needs to Know CIPS Knowledge Works - Activity Based Costing Cost to Serve Model (CTS)Costing Techniques Economic Value Added (EVA)Financial Management in Procurement Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002Value Analysis (VA)CIPS Australasia - Cash Flow and Payment Terms United Nations Standard Products and Services Code® (UNSPSC®)White paper - A Study of the Business Case for Supply Chain Finance White paper - Independent Savings Analysis Verification and Evaluation White paper - Interpreting Suppliers Financial Statements and Ratios
Breaking Dawn is the fourth novel in "The Twilight Saga" by American author Stephenie Meyer. Divided into three parts, the first and third sections are written from Bella Swan's perspective and the second is written from the perspective of Jacob Black. The novel directly follows the events of the previous novel, "Eclipse", as Bella and Edward Cullen get married, leaving behind a heartbroken Jacob. When Bella faces unexpected and life-threatening situations, she willingly risks her human life and possible vampire immortality to undergo the ultimate transformation from a weak pawn to the strong queen with unique powers to fight the final battle to save all those she loves.
volleyball \| sport \| Britannica.com Volleyball boxing Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—that teammate may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be returned over the net. Gilberto Godoy Filho of Brazil serving the ball at an indoor volleyball match in 2006. Michael Caronna—Reuters /Landov History Volleggyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke , Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.” The original rules were written by Morgan and printed in the first edition of the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America (1897). The game soon proved to have wide appeal for both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and other organizations in the United States , and it was subsequently introduced to other countries. In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first nationwide tournament in the United States was conducted by the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the United States. From 1928 the USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted annual national men’s and senior men’s (age 35 and older) volleyball championships, except during 1944 and 1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior women’s division (age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other national events in the United States are conducted by member groups of the USAV such as the YMCA and the NCAA. Similar Topics ice hockey Volleyball was introduced into Europe by American troops during World War I , when national organizations were formed. The Fédération Internationale de Volley Ball (FIVB) was organized in Paris in 1947 and moved to Lausanne , Switzerland , in 1984. The USVBA was one of the 13 charter members of the FIVB, whose membership grew to more than 210 member countries by the late 20th century. International volleyball competition began in 1913 with the first Far East Games, in Manila . During the early 1900s and continuing until after World War II , volleyball in Asia was played on a larger court, with a lower net, and nine players on a team. The FIVB-sponsored world volleyball championships (for men only in 1949; for both men and women in 1952 and succeeding years) led to acceptance of standardized playing rules and officiating. Volleyball became an Olympic sport for both men and women at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. European championships were long dominated by Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, Polish, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Soviet (later, Russian) teams. At the world and Olympic level, Soviet teams have won more titles, both men’s and women’s, than those of any other nation. Their success was attributed to widespread grassroots interest and well-organized play and instruction at all levels of skill. A highly publicized Japanese women’s team, Olympic champions in 1964, reflected the interest of private industry in sport. Young women working for the sponsoring company devoted their free time to conditioning, team practice, and competition under expert and demanding coaching. Encouraged by the Japanese Volleyball Association, this women’s team made its mark in international co
Azerbaijan -LRB- -LSB- æzərbaɪˈʒɑːn -RSB- ; Azərbaycan -RRB- , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan -LRB- Azərbaycan Respublikası -RRB- , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 11 km border with Turkey in the north west . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first democratic state in the Muslim orient world . The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh , found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . The country is a member state of the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace -LRB- PfP -RRB- program . It is one of six independent Turkic states , an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations . It is one of the founding members of GUAM , the Commonwealth of Independent States -LRB- CIS -RRB- and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons . A member of the United Nations since 1992 after its independence , Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 . Its term of office began on 19 June 2006 . Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement , holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union . The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist . However , the majority of the population are of a Shiite Muslim background . Most Azerbaijanis however , do not actively practice any religion , and the country has been seen to be one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world , with 53 % stating religion has little to no importance in their lives , according to Pew Research Center and Gallup polls . Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries . It has a high rate of economic development and literacy , as well as a low rate of unemployment . According to the Davos World Economic Forum , Azerbaijan 's economy has scored 37th place within 138 countries in 2016 . Global Competitiveness Index 2015 indicates that Azerbaijan scores highest in its region . ASAN services , established with Presidential Decree , are countrywide known for eliminating bribery and corruption in the provision of public services . ASAN Service has been awarded with United Nations ' Public Service Award 2015 , which is the most prestigious award in the world in the field of public service delivery . The ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses .
Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.
Elsa (Disney) Queen Elsa of Arendelle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 53rd animated film Frozen. She is voiced primarily by Broadway actress and singer Idina Menzel. At the beginning of the film, she is voiced by Eva Bella as a young child and by Spencer Lacey Ganus as a teenager.
Grand National Fences - Beechers Brook - The Chair Grand National Fences TESTING MENU Aintree Grand National Fences The Aintree Grand National Course is run over the most unique race circuit in the country. The wide course is tailor made for the large fields of 40 plus runners which is more like a cavalry charge out of a western movie than a traditional horse race, no wonder it is so popular with the public. The Aintree course is nearly two and a quarter miles in circumference, there are 16 fences and a run in of 494 yards. The Canal Turn with Ryan Mania Becher's Brook with Ryan Mania Aintree Fence-By Fence Guide Fence 1The first fence comes very quickly after the start and with 40 plus runners going full pelt at speeds of 30 plus miles per hour there are bound to be a couple of causalities at this first fence which is 4 foot 6 inch in height. Fence 2The second fence come up quickly and is slightly bigger than the first fence standing at 4 foot 7 inch. Fence 3Next is the first open ditch. The ditches are the first real test for the horses as there is a 6 foot gap between the front of the ditch and the fence itself so the horse has to stand off and really stretch out to make it safely to the other side. This fence is the larger than the first two standing at 5 feet. Fence 4is back to a standard fence at 4 foot 10 inches. Fence 5A 5 foot fence. The last regular fence before Bechers. Fence 6Bechers Brook . The most famous fence on the Aintree Racecourse. (Named after Captain Becher Who fell at this fence ) What is unique about this fence is the brook on the landing side. This fence is a 4 foot 10 inch fence with a 5 foot 6 inch Brook. The experienced jockeys will take there horses wide as the drop is less the wider you jump the fence. Fence 7The Foinavon fence. One of the easier fences on the course at 4 foot 6 inches, but the fence that caused such carnage in the 1967 National. The fence was named after Foinavon a complete outsider who was the only horse to jump the fence first time and went on to win. Fence 8The Canal Turn. This is a 5 foot fence. What is important about this fence is that the jockeys need to jump the fence at an angle in order not to lose a lot of ground as there is a 90 degrees angle to the left immediately after jumping this fence. Fence 9St. Valentines Brook A 5 foot fence with a 5 foot 6 inch Brook. Fence10 A five foot fence. Fence 11The Booth. An open ditch with a 5 foot fence and a 6 foot ditch. Fence 12Westhead. A five foot fence followed by a 5 foot 6 inch fence. Fence 13This is a 4 foot 7 inch fence. Fence 14A 4 foot 6 inch fence, not a difficult fence but horses are beginning to tire and can make simple errors. Fence 15The Chair. This is the biggest fence in the National. It is a 6 foot fence with a 5 foot 2 inch ditch. Fence 16This is the water jump and is a long jump rather than a high jump. The horses have to jump nearly all the fences twice with 30 fences in all that make up this fantastic horse race. At the end of jumping the 30 fences and running nearly four and a half miles there is the longest run in of any horse race in the UK of 494 yards with an elbow roughly half way up the run in many races have been won and lost on this final scramble to the finishing post. It is just hoped that every year that all the horses return safely to have another go the following year.
Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus . The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister , a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation . Kevin initially relishes being home alone , but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern . The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin 's parents . Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . After its release , Home Alone became the highest-grossing live action comedy film of all time in the United States , and also held the record worldwide until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011 . It is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office -LRB- when adjusted for inflation -RRB- . Home Alone has spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels , including the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , the only Home Alone sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles .
Harrison Stickle \| Natureflip Harrison Stickle View on Map About Harrison Stickle Harrison Stickle is the highest of the Langdale Pikes; the other two usually classed in this group are Pike of Stickle and Loft Crag – sometimes, Pavey Ark is included as a fourth. These lie in the Central Fells area of the Lake District, and together they make up some of the best known and most photographed peaks in Lakeland. Harrison Stickle stands at an elevation of 736 m (2,415 ft) and a prominence of around 53 m (174 ft), which means it is also classed as a Hewitt and a Nuttall. Its summit consists of a short, rocky ridge with a cairn standing at each end. From here, hikers can see all the major fell groups lying around and about the peak, with especially fine views down to Great Langdale and Windermere. Climbing Harrison Stickle The most commonly used starting point for routes to the summit of Harrison Stickle begins at New Dungeon Ghyll Hotel, Great Langdale. From here, walkers usually pursue a circular route that can take in up to eight of Wainwright’s listed peaks: the three Langdale Pikes, Pavey Ark, Thunacar Knott, High Raise, Sergeant Man and Blea Rigg. This makes for a very full day’s walking and is rewarding in terms of the spectacular views. If you have less time or energy available, the simplest route runs from the same hotel, following Stickle Beck to Stickle Tarn; and then the path leading up the western side of Pavey Ark to the summit of Harrison Stickle. Landscape: Mountain
However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is for wealthy member countries to guarantee or purchase the debt of countries that have defaulted or are likely to default. This alternative requires that the tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries be used to refinance the previous borrowing of the weaker member countries, and is politically controversial.
Typical costs: Related articles: Eyelid Surgery. 1 The cost of laser eye surgery, known as LASIK, varies widely from surgeon to surgeon, with a national average of about $1,950 per eye. 2 Average prices do not vary much by geographic region, but minimum and maximum fees do. 3 All About Vision provides a chart of regional cost differences.
Watch / The Tale of Genji / Invitation to World Literature Beverly Bryan Freelance Writer Ms. Bryan is a freelance writer and avid reader, particularly of The Tale of Genji, which she first read as a teenager. Patrick Caddeau Professor of Japanese Literature, Forbes College, Princeton University Dr. Caddeau is director of studies at Forbes College, Princeton University. He received his Ph.D. in Japanese literature from Yale University, taught The Tale of Genji in the Department of East Asian Studies at Princeton, as well as at Amherst College. William Collis Student, Harvard Business School Mr. Collis attended Harvard Business School and studied Japanese literature as an undergraduate student at Amherst College. He composed a rap about The Tale of Genji for a class project and developed a special interest in the novel. Liza Dalby Author and Anthropologist Ms. Dalby is an author and anthropologist, and author of The Tale of Murasaki, a fictional account of the life of The Tale of Genji's author, Murasaka Shikibu. She has spent considerable time in Kyoto, Japan, researching Murasaki and other topics and is interested in depicting the material, cultural, and physical attributes of the characters in The Tale of Genji. David Damrosch Professor of Comparative Literature, Harvard University Dr. Damrosch is professor of comparative literature at Harvard University and the author of several books, including What Is World Literature? Donald Keene Professor of Japanese Literature, Columbia University Dr. Keene is a preeminent scholar of Japanese literature, and is perhaps the most recognized Japanese literature scholar in the U.S. In his sixty years as a scholar, Dr. Keene worked with respected The Tale of Genji translator Edward Seidensticker and taught The Tale of Genji translator Royall Tyler. Dr. Keene lives in New York City and Tokyo. Mee-Seen Loong Chinese Art Specialist Ms. Loong is an art expert specializing in Asian art and a consultant to Sotheby's. She read The Tale of Genji as a student and was transported by the text. According to her, The Tale of Genji is to Japanese art what the Bible is to Western art. Chiori Miyagawa Playwright Ms. Miyagawa is a playwright and author of many works including Thousand Years Waiting — a play inspired by The Tale of Genji and a diarist who wrote fawningly about the installments of the book when it was coming out in Heian Japan. She has been a playwright in residence at Bard College. As a girl, Ms. Miyagawa grew up with The Tale of Genji, the book that her mother kept by her bed. Lynne Miyake Professor of Asian Languages and Literatures, Pomona College Dr. Miyake is professor of Asian languages and literatures at Pomona College. She specializes in Manga comic book representations of The Tale of Genji, and has a collection of over twenty-three Manga titles devoted to the story. Haruo Shirane Professor of Japanese Literature and Culture, Columbia University Dr. Shirane is the Shincho Professor of Japanese Literature and Culture at Columbia University, and a specialist in pre-modern and early modern Japanese literature. He is one of the foremost The Tale of Genji scholars in the West and has written and edited several books on the subject including: The Bridge of Dreams: Poetics of The Tale of Genji and Envisioning The Tale of Genji: Media, Gender, and Cultural Production. Jane Smiley Novelist Ms. Smiley is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist and the author of more than a dozen novels. She became a student of The Tale of Genji when writing 13 Ways of Looking at the Novel. She found refuge in The Tale of Genji after the events of September 11, 2001. Invitation to World Literature: The Tale of Genji Video Transcript Smiley: How do you be a good man in the world that you live in...and still get laid a lot? That's essentially what Genji is about. Bryan: The main character is male, but it was absolutely written to be read by women. Collis: It almost feels like a fantasy novel in some ways, right from the very beginning; that makes it I think quite engaging. Caddeau: Genji's fascination v
VLC media player The VideoLan software originated as an academic project in 1996. VLC used to stand for "VideoLAN Client" when VLC was a client of the VideoLAN project. But since VLC is no longer merely a client, that initialism no longer applies.[18][19] It was intended to consist of a client and server to stream videos from satellite dishes across a campus network. Originally developed by students at the École Centrale Paris, it is now developed by contributors worldwide and is coordinated by VideoLAN, a non-profit organization. Rewritten from scratch in 1998, it was released under GNU General Public License on February 1, 2001, with authorization from the headmaster of the École Centrale Paris. The functionality of the server program, VideoLan Server (VLS), has mostly been subsumed into VLC and has been deprecated.[20] The project name has been changed to VLC media player because there is no longer a client/server infrastructure. The cone icon used in VLC is a reference to the traffic cones collected by École Centrale's Networking Students' Association.[21] The cone icon design was changed from a hand drawn low resolution icon[22] to a higher resolution CGI-rendered version in 2006, illustrated by Richard Øiestad.[23]
The Sword in the Stone is a 1963 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney and released by Buena Vista Distribution. The 18th Disney animated feature film, it was the final Disney animated film to be released before Walt Disney's death. The songs in the film were written and composed by the Sherman Brothers, who later wrote music for other Disney films like "Mary Poppins" (1964), "The Jungle Book" (1967), "The Aristocats" (1970), and "Bedknobs and Broomsticks" (1971).
Large Hadron Collider The aim of the LHC is to allow physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics, including measuring the properties of the Higgs boson[9] and searching for the large family of new particles predicted by supersymmetric theories,[10] as well as other unsolved questions of physics.
How Long Does It Take to Grow Weed? How Long Does It Take to Grow Weed?by Nebula Haze This is one of the most common questions we receive from curious soon-to-be indoor cannabis growers: How long does it really take to grow weed? What's the growing timeline? It's actually a really good question! Every new marijuana grower should know how much work they're signing up for! The short answer is... The Average Indoor Grow Takes 3-5 Months The long answer is: from Day 1 of your weed plant's life to actually smoking your harvest, it can take... 8 weeks - 7+ Months! That's a huge range, right? That's why most cannabis growers won't give you a straight answer. The truth is, there are many factors will affect the total time until you have 'ready' buds, by days, weeks or even months. This includes your strain, your setup, and how big you plan to grow your plants (bigger plants need more time!). So instead of giving you a huge range, an easier-to-swallow answer might be to say that the average grow takes 3-5 months for indoor growers. This includes the time needed to grow your cannabis plant from seedling to harvest plus an additional 2 weeks (minimum) which is needed to cure your cannabis buds after harvest. Additionally, for at least the first time you grow, you also need to consider the time needed to get your equipment and seeds/clones. This article will give you the total time breakdown, so you can plan out the details of your grow in order to achieve the harvest times you desire: How Long Does It Take to Grow Cannabis? 3-5 Months on Average But Ultimately How Long to Harvest Marijuana Depends on the Yields You Want Jump to the Section of the Tutorial You're Interested in: Before You Start Growing Weed (0-4 weeks) - Get seeds and supplies so you're set to start growing!Time Needed to Grow Weed, From Seedling to Harvest (8 weeks - 5+ months)Germinate Your Seeds (1-7 days) - Learn about fail-proof methods to germinate perfectly in soil/coco or hydro. Vegetative Stage (3 weeks - 8+ weeks) - In the vegetative stage, the cannabis plants are growing just stems and leaves. On average, most indoor growers vegetate their plants for 4-8 weeks. Seedlings are able to start flowering as early as 3 weeks from germination, but the resulting plants will be tiny. Most growers choose to let plants vegetate for longer because giving them more time to grow results in bigger plants, which tend to produce bigger yields as long as you have enough light to cover all the bud sites. That being said, you can still produce quite a bit of bud with a lot of small plants growing at once as long as you fill up your grow space. Flowering Stage (5 weeks - 16+ weeks) - This is when plants start making buds. The length of the flowering stage depends heavily on the strain/genetics, with an average of about 8-12 weeks for most strains. Some strains are bred to have very short flowering stages (for example, most auto-flowering strains will naturally start flowering at around 3 weeks old and some are ready to harvest just 5 weeks later, for a total of only 8 weeks from seed!). Other strains can take months in the flowering stage before they're ready to harvest. Typically, longer-flowering strains produce higher yields than short-flowering ones because the buds are exposed to more light-hours and have more time to fatten up, but that's not always the case. Post-Harvest (This is when the smell/taste/look you love shows up) (3-4+ weeks) - After buds are harvested, they still need to be dried for a few days to a week, then placed in glass jars to "cure" for at least 2 weeks. This post-harvest processing dramatically improves the taste, smell and the perceived potency of the buds. It also reduces the chance of buds causing headaches or unpleasant "speedy" effects. Don't skip this step! It will account for nearly 50% of your final bud quality! Learn how to dry & cure your buds to perfection. If you choose the right strain, you could be smoking your own buds as soon as 3 months from germination!Before You Start Growing Weed Total preparation time needed: 0 days - 4 weeks Here's the breakdown... Get equipment: 0 days - 2 weeks This includes purchasing your equipment and/or waiting for it to show up in the mail. Once you have your marijuana growing supplies, you'll need to setup your growing area and equipment. Depending on how you purchase your equipment and how quickly you setup, you could be ready the same day or in two weeks (after factoring in shipping time). Check out examples of new grower shopping lists to learn exactly which supplies you'll need. Get seeds or clones: 0-4 weeks: If you have instant access (like knowing a grower, or ordering seeds from a seed bank in your country), this should take only a little time. If you order from a seed bank overseas (especially US residents), expect a wait of about 2-4 weeks to get seeds. Time Needed to Grow Weed, From Seedling to Harvest Total growing time needed: 8 weeks - 5+ months Here's the breakdown... Seedling Stage Germinate your seeds: 1 - 7 days Seedlings can sprout in as little as a day, but by 3-5 days they should be good to go. If you have access to clones, you can skip this wait. Learn my fail-proof method to germinate your seeds in soil/coco or hydro. Vegetative Stage Vegetative Stage: 3 weeks - 2+ months. The length of this stage is a matter of personal preference. Most cannabis plants need at least 3 weeks in the vegetative stage before they will start making flowers, but after that you get to choose how long your plant spends in this stage (unless using an auto-flowering strain ), because you're the one to 'flip the switch' and get your plant to enter the next life stage: flowering. Wait, how do I switch my plant from the vegetative stage to the flowering stage? When you start with a seed, even with an auto-flowering plant, you will always have at least 2-3 weeks of vegetative growth before any buds start forming no matter what you do. Growers generally allow their plants to stay in the vegetative stage from a few weeks to a few months. The size your plant achieves in the vegetative stage has a very large effect on your final yields since bigger plants produce more bud sites than smaller plants. However, you need enough light to cover all the bud sites or they will never develop properly. Light is like food for bud growth!These vegetating plants are about 4 weeks old from germination To give you an idea as to what your FINAL marijuana plant may look like depending on how long it spends in the vegetative stage...← This plant didn't spend any time in the Vegetative Stage. It was given 12-12 lighting almost immediately after sprouting. It's so small that it spent its whole life in a solo cup, and its only light came from CFLs. I weighed down the bottom of the cup so it didn't fall over. It ended up yielding about 0.75 oz.← These auto-flowering plants spent about 3 weeks in the vegetative stage before they automatically started flowering, and were ready to harvest just 5 weeks later. They were about a foot tall at harvest and yielded approximately 2 ounces each. Read the step-by-step tutorial to grow plants exactly like this.← This plant was grown under an LED grow light and spent about 4 weeks in the vegetative stage (like the picture of those vegetating plants above), with some plant training to create a well-managed canopy. Try to grow a wide, flat plant as opposed to a tall one to make sure all parts of the plant are getting equal access to the light! This plant yielded about 3 ounces.← This marijuana plant spent about 6 weeks in the vegetative stage before being changed over to flowering and yielded just over 6 ounces at harvest. View the complete grow journal with instructions on how to grow your plant so it looks just like this at harvest!← These cannabis plants were vegetated for about 8 weeks before being flipped to the flowering stage. Although they were grown in the exact same conditions from seed to harvest, their final heights are remarkably different because their strains had vastly different genetics . The smaller plant produced 6.6 ounces, while the big plant produced 9.3 ounces. Strain can make a big difference! Learn about growing different strains together.← These cannabis plants were vegetated for about 9 weeks before being flipped, in the exact same setup as above, and produced over 10 ounces each. Besides an extra week of veg, the biggest difference between this grow and the one above was simply the strains.← This huge plant (one of my very first plants) spent a little more than 3 months in the vegetative stage before I realized I needed to turn it over to the flowering stage. It then spent another 12 weeks in the flowering stage before it was ready to harvest because it was a long-flowering strain. It got way too tall for its space (taller than me!) and started falling over. However, despite the huge size and more than 5 months of growth, it only ended up yielding about 6 ounces. This is because it was under weak CFL grow lights. Though there was a lot of buds, the lack of strong light made them airy, without a lot of weight. Click the picture for a close-up. :)Some people put their seedlings or clones right into the flowering stage if they want to harvest quickly though this makes for extremely small plants. For example, super-stealth growers who are growing in small hidden spaces - like out of a computer case - would want to put their seedlings into flowering nearly right away to keep their plants as small as possible. I personally recommend at least 4 weeks in the vegetative stage with 18+ hours of light each day for the best results. Plants that are forced to start flowering sooner than 4 weeks don't yield much compared to how much work you put in. That being said, keeping plants relatively small does have some benefits!A good rule of thumb... Your plant will likely double in size (or more) from when you first put it into the flowering stage; this is known as the Flowering Stretch. So make sure you end the vegetative stage before your plant reaches half the final height you want, or your cannabis plants may outgrow your grow space during the flowering stage!Flowering Stage Flowering Stage: 5 weeks - 16+ weeks Here's the breakdown... Flowering Stage Timeline ( Complete Flowering Stage Tutorial)Week 1-3 - Transition to Flowering Week 3-4 - Budlets Form Week 4-6 - Buds Start Fattening Up Week 6-8 - Buds Ripen, Pistils Darken - some strains spend longer in this stage Week 8+ - Flowering Ends, Final Flush , Harvest The length of time needed to stay in the flowering stage depends heavily on the strain. Once you have switched your plant into the flowering stage they will stretch (the 'flowering stretch'), form buds and then fatten. Looking for something special? Learn how to find the right strain to grow Here's a list of some of my favorite and best cannabis strains by length of flowering period: Short (6-8 weeks)Papaya <--- View grow journal Northern Light <-- Known for being especially easy to grow CBD Critical Mass <-- High-yielding, medical, high-CBD strain Frisian Dew <-- One of the best strains for outdoor growing (and buds may turn pink or bright purple ! )Auto-flowering Sour Diesel <--- One of the strongest auto-flowering strains I've tried so far. View grow journal If you're interested in a very short flowering time, most auto-flowering strains are ready to harvest less than 3 months from seed. Medium (8-12 weeks)Wonder Woman <--- Probably the highest yielding strain I've ever grown. Consistently gets multiple ounces more than other plants in the same setup. View grow journal Original Amnesia <--- Strong effects and very easy to grow. View grow journal Supreme CBD Durban <-- Medical strain, has a THC: CBD ratio of 1:1Pineapple Chunk <-- An award-winning strain that's fruity, vigorous and potent! Its yields are on the lower side, but I believe it's worth it for the quality of buds. Liberty Haze <-- An award-winning strain that's curiously strong and one of the few "haze" cannabis strains that doesn't take forever to finish flowering. Good yields!Long: (12-14+ weeks)Almost any Haze strain, including one of my all-time favorites, Haze 1Some Sativa strains, especially ones meant for outdoors near the equator In general, most strains (besides auto-flowering strains) are in the mid-range as far as how long they take to flower. It's not exact - There's a 2-3 week harvest window for most plants, and keeping your plants in the flowering stage for a bit longer tends to increase your yields. This is because the plants tend to really bulk up their flowers once they've become 'ripe'. So often times, even though you could harvest at the shortest recommended time, waiting an extra week or two will give you an extra 10-30% more yield compared to harvesting early. Note: Before you start trying to grow a 6-week plant, consider that it will produce just a few grams of smokable harvest. With a 4-week vegetative stage, the time from seed to harvest averages 3-3.5 months, but the yields can increase from a few grams to double-digit ounces. Post-Harvest (before you smoke you should do this stuff too)Total post-harvest time needed: 2.5 weeks - 1.5+ months Drying: 3 - 10 days Good marijuana buds can be dried in as little as three days, but ideally, drying should be a slow process taking up to 7-10 days. Making sure your plants have been thoroughly dried (but not over-dried) will lower chances of mold during the curing process. Curing : 2 weeks - 1+ months Curing really seems to make the effects of buds feel less 'speedy' and be better suited to medical applications like treating anxiety, reducing pain, and improving feelings of depression. Additionally, curing gets rid of the 'cut grass' smell, harsh taste and other undesirable traits of freshly dried buds. Over time with proper curing, those traits will be replaced by the 'real' smell and potency profile of your buds. Two weeks is considered the minimum time to cure your buds, but I personally cure all my buds for a month or even a bit longer because the buds continue to improve for several more weeks. So, after you've bought seeds and equipment, grown a plant from seed to harvest, trimmed, dried and cured your buds, that brings us back to the original answer... Total Time to Grow (and Be Ready to Use) Your Own Weed:8 weeks - 5+ Months Average Time to Grow (and Be Ready to Use) Your Own Weed:3 - 5 months If you haven't started growing your own weed yet, today is the day!Read the complete guide to the basics of growing Get a shopping list of all the supplies you need to start growing today!Jump to.... New Grower Shopping Lists - What You Need to Get Started Organic Super Soil Guide - Just Add Water How to Yield 4-7+ Ounces with a 250W - Step-by-Step Instructions from Seed to Harvest How to Train Your Plants for Bigger Yields - Free Way to Increase Your Harvest!7 Tips for Growing Top-Shelf Buds - How to Grow Better Cannabis than the Dispensary!Tags General Cannabis Care Beginner Vegetative Stage Flowering Stage Strains
Alex O'Loughlin (born 24 August 1976) is an Australian actor, who plays Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett on CBS' remake of the TV series "Hawaii Five-0". He had starring roles in the films "Oyster Farmer" (2004) and "The Back-up Plan" (2010), as well as on such television series as "Moonlight" (2008) and "Three Rivers" (2009).
The lateral cut NAB curve was remarkably similar to the NBC Orthacoustic curve that evolved from practices within the National Broadcasting Company since the mid-1930s. Empirically, and not by any formula, it was learned that the bass end of the audio spectrum below 100 Hz could be boosted somewhat to override system hum and turntable rumble noises. Likewise at the treble end beginning at 1,000 Hz, if audio frequencies were boosted by 16 dB at 10,000 Hz the delicate sibilant sounds of speech and high overtones of musical instruments could survive the noise level of cellulose acetate, lacquer/aluminum, and vinyl disc media. When the record was played back using a complementary inverse curve, signal-to-noise ratio was improved and the programming sounded more lifelike.
Masters Tournament From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search"The Masters" redirects here. For other sports tournaments that may be referred to as "The Masters", see Master. For the C. P. Snow novel, see The Masters (novel). For the album by The Stranglers, see The Masters (Stranglers album). Masters Tournament Tournament information Location Augusta, Georgia, U. S. Established March 22, 1934; 84 years ago Course (s) Augusta National Golf Club Par 72Length 7,435 yards (6,799 m) [1]Organized by Augusta National Golf Club Tour (s) PGA Tour European Tour Japan Golf Tour Format Stroke play Prize fund $ 11.0 million Month played April Tournament record score Aggregate 270 Tiger Woods ( 1997) 270 Jordan Spieth ( 2015)To par −18 as above Current champion Patrick Reed2018 Masters Tournament Augusta Location in the United States Augusta Location in Georgia The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U. S. Masters outside of North America [2] [3]) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the southeastern United States, in the city of Augusta, Georgia. The Masters was started by noted amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. [4] After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister Mac Kenzie. [1] First played 84 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless he needs to be re-fitted with a new jacket). [5] The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred Mc Leod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, and Gary Player. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round. Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Palmer and Tiger Woods won four each, and five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983. The Augusta National course first opened 85 years ago in 1933 and has been modified many times by different architects. Among the changes: greens have been reshaped and, on occasion, entirely re-designed, bunkers have been added, water hazards have been extended, new tee boxes have been built, hundreds of trees have been planted, and several mounds have been installed. [6]Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Augusta National Golf Club1.2 Early tournament years1.3 1960s–1970s1.4 1980s–2000s2 Traditions2.1 Awards2.2 Pre-tournament events2.3 Par-3 contest2.4 Player invitations2.5 Opening tee shot2.6 Champions' Dinner2.7 Caddies2.8 Other traditions3 Format4 Course4.1 Course adjustments5 Field6 Champions7 Low amateurs8 Records9 Broadcasting9.1 United States television9.2 Radio coverage9.3 International television10 Ticketing11 See also12 References13 External links History [ edit]Masters logo at the club entrance Augusta National Golf Club [ edit]Main article: Augusta National Golf Club The idea for Augusta National originated with Bobby Jones, who wanted to build a golf course after his retirement from the game. He sought advice from Clifford Roberts, who later became the chairman of the club. They came across a piece of land in Augusta, Georgia, of which Jones said: "Perfect! And to think this ground has been lying here all these years waiting for someone to come along and lay a golf course upon it." [7] The land had been an indigo plantation in the early nineteenth century and a plant nursery since 1857. [8] Jones hired Alister Mac Kenzie to help design the course, and work began in 1931. The course formally opened in 1933, but Mac Kenzie died before the first Masters Tournament was played. [9]Early tournament years [ edit]The first "Augusta National Invitational" Tournament, as the Masters was originally known, began on March 22, 1934, and was won by Horton Smith, who took the first prize of $1,500. The present name was adopted in 1939. The first tournament was played with current holes 10 through 18 played as the first nine, and 1 through 9 as the second nine [10] then reversed permanently to its present layout for the 1935 tournament. [4]Initially the Augusta National Invitational field was composed of Bobby Jones' close associates. Jones had petitioned the USGA to hold the U. S. Open at Augusta but the USGA denied the petition, noting that the hot Georgia summers would create difficult playing conditions. [11]Gene Sarazen hit the "shot heard 'round the world" in 1935, holing a shot from the fairway on the par 5 15th for a double eagle (albatross). [12] This tied Sarazen with Craig Wood, and in the ensuing 36-hole playoff Sarazen was the victor by five strokes. [13] The tournament was not played from 1943 to 1945, due to World War II. To assist the war effort, cattle and turkeys were raised on the Augusta National grounds. [4]1960s–1970s [ edit]The Big Three of Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, and Jack Nicklaus dominated the Masters from 1960 through 1978, winning the event 11 times among them during that span. After winning by one stroke in 1958, [13] Palmer won by one stroke again in 1960 in memorable circumstances. Trailing Ken Venturi by one shot in the 1960 event, Palmer made birdies on the last two holes to prevail. Palmer would go on to win another two Masters in 1962 and 1964. [13]Jack Nicklaus at the 2006 par 3 contest Jack Nicklaus emerged in the early 1960s, and served as a rival to the popular Palmer. Nicklaus won his first green jacket in 1963, defeating Tony Lema by one stroke. [14] Two years later, he shot a then-course record of 271 (17 under par) for his second Masters win, leading Bobby Jones to say that Nicklaus played "a game with which I am not familiar." [15] The next year, Nicklaus won his third green jacket in a grueling 18-hole playoff against Tommy Jacobs and Gay Brewer. [16] This made Nicklaus the first player to win consecutive Masters. He won again in 1972 by three strokes. [13] In 1975, Nicklaus won by one stroke in a close contest with Tom Weiskopf and Johnny Miller in one of the most exciting Masters to date. [17]Gary Player became the first non-American to win the Masters in 1961, beating Palmer, the defending champion. [13] In 1974, he won again by two strokes. [13] After not winning a tournament on the U. S. PGA tour for nearly four years, and at the age of 42, Player won his third and final Masters in 1978 by one stroke over three players. [13] Player currently shares (with Fred Couples) the record of making 23 consecutive cuts, and has played in a record 52 Masters. [18] [19]A controversial ending to the Masters occurred in 1968. Roberto De Vicenzo signed a scorecard (scored by playing partner Tommy Aaron) which incorrectly showed him as making a par 4 instead of a birdie 3 on the 17th hole of the final round. By the rules of golf, if a player signs a scorecard (thereby attesting to its veracity) that records a score on a hole higher than what he actually made on the hole, the player receives the higher score for that hole. This extra stroke cost De Vicenzo a chance to be in an 18-hole Monday playoff with Bob Goalby, who won the green jacket. De Vicenzo's mistake led to the famous quote, "What a stupid I am." [13] [20]In 1975, Lee Elder became the first African American to play in the Masters, [21] doing so 15 years before Augusta National admitted its first black member, Ron Townsend, as a result of the Shoal Creek Controversy. [22]1980s–2000s [ edit]Non-Americans collected 11 victories in 20 years in the 1980s and 1990s, by far the strongest run they have had in any of the three majors played in the United States since the early days of the U. S. Open. The first European to win the Masters was Seve Ballesteros in 1980. Nicklaus became the oldest player to win the Masters in 1986 when he won for the sixth time at age 46. [13] [23]During this period, no golfer suffered from the pressure of competing at Augusta more than Greg Norman. In 1987, Norman lost a sudden-death playoff to Larry Mize when Mize holed out a remarkable 45-yard pitch shot to birdie the second playoff hole and win the Masters. [24] In 1996, Norman tied the course record with an opening round 63, and had a six-stroke lead over Nick Faldo entering the final round. Norman shot a 78 while Faldo scored a 67 to win by five shots (for his third Masters championship). [25] Norman also suffered in 1986 when after birdieing four straight holes, and needing only a par to tie Nicklaus for the lead and force a Monday playoff, he badly pushed his 4-iron approach on 18 and missed his par putt for a closing bogey. At age 21 in 1997, Tiger Woods won the Masters by twelve shots and broke the 72-hole record that had stood for 32 years. [4] Woods completed his "Tiger Slam" by winning his fourth straight major championship at the Masters in 2001. [13] He won again the following year, making him only the third player in history to win the tournament in consecutive years, [13] as well as in 2005 when he defeated Chris Di Marco in a playoff for his first major championship win in almost three years. [13]The club was targeted by Martha Burk, who organized a failed protest at the 2003 Masters to pressure the club into accepting female members. Burk planned to protest at the front gates of Augusta National during the third day of the tournament, but her application for a permit to do so was denied. [26] A court appeal was dismissed. [27] In 2004, Burk stated that she had no further plans to protest against the club. [28]Augusta National Chairman Billy Payne himself made headlines in April 2010, however, when he commented (at the annual pre-Masters press conference) on Tiger Woods' off-the-course behavior. "It's not simply the degree of his conduct that is so egregious here," Payne said, in his opening speech. "It is the fact he disappointed all of us and more importantly our kids and grandkids." [29] [30] [31]The 2003 tournament was won by Mike Weir, who became the first Canadian to win a men's major championship, and the first left-hander to win the Masters. [13] The following year, another left-hander, Phil Mickelson, won his first major championship by making a birdie on the final hole to beat Ernie Els by a stroke. [13] Mickelson also won the tournament in 2006 and 2010. In 2011, the tournament was won by South African Charl Schwartzel, who birdied the final four holes to win by two strokes. In 2012, Bubba Watson won the tournament on the second playoff hole. Watson's win marked the fifth time that a left-hander won the Masters in the previous ten tournaments. Prior to 2003, no left-hander had ever won the Masters. The 2013 Masters was won by Adam Scott, the first Australian to win the tournament. [32] Watson won the 2014 Masters by three strokes over Jordan Spieth and Jonas Blixt. It was his second Masters victory in three years. In 2015, Spieth would become the second-youngest winner in just his second Masters. [33]Traditions [ edit]Awards [ edit]The total prize money for the 2014 tournament was $9,000,000, with $1,620,000 going to the winner. [34] In the inaugural year of 1934, the winner Horton Smith received $1,500 out of a $5,000 purse. [35] After Nicklaus's first win in 1963, he received $20,000, while after his final victory in 1986 he won $144,000. [36] [37] In recent years the purse has grown quickly. Between 2001 and 2014, the winner's share grew by $612,000, and the purse grew by $3,400,000. [34] [35] [38]In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949, and informally acquired by the champions for many years before that. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the 18th green in front of the patrons. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit. The tradition began in 1949, when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles. The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player, who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory (although he has always followed the spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket); [39]Seve Ballesteros who, in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña, showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room; and Henry Picard, whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established, remained in his closet for a number of years, and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio, where he was the club professional for many years. [40] [41]By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself. [16] When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them. There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament. The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase, while players who score a hole-in-one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl. For each eagle a player makes he receives a pair of crystal goblets. In addition to the green jacket, winners of the tournament receive a gold medal. They have their names engraved on the actual silver Masters trophy, introduced in 1961, which depicts the clubhouse. This trophy remains at Augusta National; since 1993 winners have received a sterling silver replica. The runner-up receives a silver medal, introduced in 1951. Beginning in 1978, a silver salver was added as an award for the runner-up. [4]In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. [4]In 2017, a green jacket that was found at a thrift store in 1994 was sold at auction for $139,000. [42]Pre-tournament events [ edit]In 2013, Augusta National partnered with the USGA and the PGA of America to organize Drive, Chip and Putt, a youth golf skills competition which was first held in 2014. The event was established as part of an effort to help promote the sport of golf among youth; the winners of local qualifiers in different age groups advance to the national finals, which have been held at Augusta National on the Sunday immediately preceding the Masters. The driving and chipping portions of the event are held on the course's practice range, but the putting portion has been played on the course's 18th hole. [43] [44] [45]On April 4, 2018, prior to the 2018 tournament, new Augusta National chairman Fred Ridley announced that the club would host a new Women's amateur championship beginning in 2019. The first two rounds will be held at the Champion's Retreat club in Evans, Georgia, with the final two rounds hosted by Augusta National (the final round will take place on the Saturday directly preceding the tournament). Ridley stated that "it was the right time for the women's game. I thought for us to have the greatest impact on women's golf that we needed to be committed to do it here at Augusta National, and I also wanted to be able to tell all of you about it today." Although concerns were raised that the event would conflict with the LPGA Tour 's Dinah Shore major (which has invited top amateur players to compete), Ridley stated that he had discussed the event with commissioner Mike Whan, and stated that he agreed on the notion that any move to bolster the prominence of women's golf would be a "win" for the LPGA over time. [46]Par-3 contest [ edit]Main article: Masters Tournament Par-3 contest The 9th hole on the par 3 course. The Par 3 Contest was first introduced in 1960, and was won that year by Snead. Since then it has traditionally been played on the Wednesday before the tournament starts. The par 3 course was built in 1958. It is a nine-hole course, with a par of 27, and measures 1,060 yards (970 m) in length. [47]There have been 94 holes-in-one in the history of the contest, with a record nine occurring in 2016. Camilo Villegas became the first player to card two holes-in-one in the same round during the 2015 Par 3 Contest. No par 3 contest winner has also won the Masters in the same year. [48] [49] There have been several repeat winners, including Pádraig Harrington, Sandy Lyle, Sam Snead, and Tom Watson. The former two won in successive years. In this event, golfers may use their children as caddies, which helps to create a family-friendly atmosphere. In 2008, the event was televised for the first time by ESPN. The winner of the par 3 competition, which is played the day before the tournament begins, wins a crystal bowl. [50]Player invitations [ edit]As with the other majors, winning the Masters gives a golfer several privileges which make his career more secure. Masters champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (the U. S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship) for the next five years (except for amateur winners, unless they turn pro within the five-year period), and earn a lifetime invitation to the Masters. They also receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years. [51]Because the tournament was established by an amateur champion, Bobby Jones, the Masters has a tradition of honoring amateur golf. It invites winners of the most prestigious amateur tournaments in the world. Also, the current U. S. Amateur champion always plays in the same group as the defending Masters champion for the first two days of the tournament. Amateurs in the field are welcome to stay in the "Crow's Nest" atop the Augusta National clubhouse during the tournament. The Crow's Nest is 1,200 square feet (110 m 2) with lodging space for five during the competition. Opening tee shot [ edit]Since 1963, the custom in most years has been to start the tournament with an honorary opening tee shot at the first hole, typically by one or more legendary players. The original honorary starters were Jock Hutchison and Fred Mc Leod; this twosome led off every tournament from 1963 until 1973, when poor health prevented Hutchison from swinging a club. Mc Leod continued on until his death in 1976. Byron Nelson and Gene Sarazen started in 1981, and were then joined by Sam Snead in 1984. This trio continued until 1999 when Sarazen died, while Nelson stopped in 2001. Snead hit his final opening tee shot in 2002, a little over a month before he died. In 2007, Arnold Palmer took over as the honorary starter. Palmer also had the honor in 2008 and 2009. [52] At the 2010 and 2011 Masters Tournaments, Jack Nicklaus joined Palmer as an honorary co-starter for the event. [53] In 2012, Gary Player joined them. Palmer announced in March 2016 that a lingering shoulder issue would prevent him from partaking in the 2016 tee shot. [54] Palmer was still in attendance for the ceremony. [55]Following Palmer's death in 2016, the 2017 ceremony featured tributes; his green jacket was draped over an empty white chair, while everyone in attendance wore "Arnie's Army" badges. [56] [57]Champions' Dinner [ edit]The Champions' Dinner is held each year on the Tuesday evening preceding Thursday's first round. The dinner was first held in 1952, hosted by defending champion Ben Hogan, to honor the past champions of the tournament. [58] At that time 15 tournaments had been played, and the number of past champions was 11. Officially known as the "Masters Club", it includes only past winners of the Masters, although selected members of the Augusta National Golf Club have been included as honorary members, usually the chairman. The defending champion, as host, selects the menu for the dinner. Frequently, Masters champions have served finely prepared cuisine by the Masters chef from their home regions. Notable examples have included haggis, served by Scotsman Sandy Lyle in 1989, [59] and bobotie, a South African dish, served at the behest of 2008 champion Trevor Immelman. Other examples include German Bernhard Langer's 1986 Wiener schnitzel, Britain's Nick Faldo's fish and chips, Canadian Mike Weir's elk and wild boar, and Vijay Singh's seafood tom kah and chicken panang curry. In 1997, 1979 champion Fuzzy Zoeller created a media storm when he suggested that Tiger Woods refrain from serving collard greens and fried chicken, dishes commonly associated with Afro-American culture, at the dinner. The 2011 dinner of Phil Mickelson was a Spanish-themed menu in hopes that Seve Ballesteros would attend, but he was too sick to attend and died weeks later. [60]Caddies [ edit]Until 1983, all players in the Masters were required to use the services of an Augusta National Club caddie, [61] [62] [63] who by club tradition was always an African American man. [22] Indeed, club co-founder Clifford Roberts is reputed to have said, "As long as I'm alive, golfers will be white, and caddies will be black." [64] Since 1983, players have been allowed the option of bringing their own caddie to the tournament. The Masters requires caddies to wear a uniform consisting of a white jumpsuit, a green Masters cap, and white tennis shoes. The surname, and sometimes first initial, of each player is found on the back of his caddie's uniform. The defending champion always receives caddie number "1": other golfers get their caddie numbers from the order in which they register for the tournament. The other majors and some PGA Tour events formerly had a similar policy concerning caddies well into the 1970s; [65] [66] [67] the U. S. Open first allowed players to use their own caddies in 1976. [68] [69]Other traditions [ edit]The day after the tournament closes, The Bobby Jones Scholars from The University of St Andrews in Scotland play a four-ball round on the course – the last people to do so before the greenkeepers start the process of repairing and restoring the course to pre-tournament standard. [ citation needed]Format [ edit]The Masters is the first major championship of the year. Since 1948, its final round has been scheduled for the second Sunday of April, with several exceptions. It ended on the first Sunday four times ( 1952, 1957, 1958, 1959) and the 1979 and 1984 tournaments ended on April 15, the month's third Sunday. [4] The first edition in 1934 was held in late March and the next ten were in early April, with only the 1942 event scheduled to end on the second Sunday. Similar to the other majors, the tournament consists of four rounds at 18 holes each, Thursday through Sunday (when there are no delays). The Masters has a relatively small field of contenders, when compared with other golf tournaments, so the competitors play in groups of three for the first two rounds (36 holes) and the field is not split to start on the 1st and 10th tees, unless weather shortens the available playing time. The tournament is unique in that it is the only major tournament conducted by a private club rather than a national golf organization like the PGA. [6]Originally, the Masters was the only tournament to use two-man pairings during the first two rounds. It was also the only event to re-pair based on the leaderboard before Friday’s round, as most tournaments only do this on the weekend. This practice ended in the early 2000s, when the Masters switched to the more standard three-man groups and the groups are now kept in-tact on Friday, with players sharing the same playing partners in both of the first two rounds. [ citation needed]After 36 holes of play, a cut-off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds. To "make the cut", players must be either in the top 50 places (ties counting), or within 10 strokes of the leader's score. These criteria have applied since 2013. [70] From 1957 to 1960, the top 40 scores (including ties) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut. From 1961 to 2012, it was the top 44 (and ties) or within 10 strokes of the lead. [70] Before 1957, there was no 36-hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds, if desired. [71]Following the cut, an additional 36 holes are played over the final two days. Should the fourth round fail to produce a winner, all players tied for the lead enter a sudden-death playoff. Play begins on the 18th hole, followed by the adjacent 10th, repeating until one player remains. Adopted in 1976, the sudden-death playoff was originally formatted to start on the first hole, [72] but was not needed for the first three years. It was changed for 1979 to the inward (final) nine holes, starting at the tenth tee, where the television coverage began. [73] First employed that same year, the Masters' first sudden-death playoff ended on the eleventh green. The current arrangement, beginning at the 18th tee, was amended for 2004 and first used the following year. Through 2017, the eleven sudden-death playoffs have yet to advance past the second extra hole. Earlier playoffs were 18 holes on the following day, except for the first in 1935, which was 36 holes; the last 18-hole playoff was in 1970, and none of the full-round playoffs went to additional holes. Course [ edit]The golf course was formerly a plant nursery and each hole is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated. [8] The course layout in 2014: Hole Name Yards Par Hole Name Yards Par1 Tea Olive 445 4 10 Camellia 495 42 Pink Dogwood 575 5 11 White Dogwood 505 43 Flowering Peach 350 4 12 Golden Bell 155 34 Flowering Crab Apple 240 3 13 Azalea 510 55 Magnolia 455 4 14 Chinese Fir 440 46 Juniper 180 3 15 Firethorn 530 57 Pampas 450 4 16 Redbud 170 38 Yellow Jasmine 570 5 17 Nandina 440 49 Carolina Cherry 460 4 18 Holly 465 4Out 3,725 36 In 3,710 36Source: [1] [74] Total 7,435 72Lengths of the course for the Masters at the start of each decade:2010: 7,435 yards (6,799 m)2000: 6,985 yards (6,387 m)1990: 6,905 yards (6,314 m)1980: 7,040 yards (6,437 m)1970: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)1960: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)1950: 6,900 yards (6,309 m)1940: 6,800 yards (6,218 m) [1]The course was lengthened to 7,445 yards (6,808 m) in 2006. The first hole was shortened by 10 yards (9 m) in 2009, resulting in the current length of 7,435 yards (6,799 m). Course adjustments [ edit]As with many other courses, Augusta National's championship setup was lengthened in recent years. In 2001, the course measured 6,925 yards (6,332 m) and was extended to 7,270 yards (6,648 m) for 2002, and again in 2006 to 7,445 yards (6,808 m); 520 yards (475 m) longer than the 2001 course. [75] [76] The changes attracted many critics, including the most successful players in Masters history, Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Gary Player and Tiger Woods. Woods claimed that the "shorter hitters are going to struggle." Augusta National chairman Hootie Johnson was unperturbed, stating, "We are comfortable with what we are doing with the golf course." After a practice round, Gary Player defended the changes, saying, "There have been a lot of criticisms, but I think unjustly so, now I've played it.... The guys are basically having to hit the same second shots that Jack Nicklaus had to hit (in his prime)". [77]Originally, the grass on the putting greens was the wide-bladed Bermuda. The greens lost speed, especially during the late 1970s, after the introduction of a healthier strain of narrow-bladed Bermuda, which thrived and grew thicker. In 1978, the greens on the par 3 course were reconstructed with bentgrass, a narrow-bladed species that could be mowed shorter, eliminating grain. [78] After this test run, the greens on the main course were replaced with bentgrass in time for the 1981 Masters. The bentgrass resulted in significantly faster putting surfaces, which has required a reduction in some of the contours of the greens over time. [78]Just before the 1975 tournament, the common beige sand in the bunkers was replaced with the now-signature white feldspar. It is a quartz derivative of the mining of feldspar and is shipped in from North Carolina. [79]Field [ edit]The Masters has the smallest field of the major championships, with 90–100 players. Unlike other majors, there are no alternates or qualifying tournaments. It is an invitational event, with invitations largely issued on an automatic basis to players who meet published criteria. The top 50 players in the Official World Golf Ranking are all invited. [80]Past champions are always eligible, but since 2002 the Augusta National Golf Club has discouraged them from continuing to participate at an advanced age. Some will later become honorary starters. [81]Invitation categories See footnote. [82]Note: Categories 7–11 are honored only if the participants maintain their amateur status prior to the tournament. Masters Tournament Champions (lifetime)U. S. Open champions (five years)The Open champions (five years)PGA champions (five years)Winners of the Players Championship (three years)Current Olympic Gold Medalist (one year)Current U. S. Amateur champion and runner-up Current British Amateur champion Current Asia-Pacific Amateur champion Current U. S. Mid-Amateur champion Current Latin America Amateur champion The first 12 players, including ties, in the previous year's Masters Tournament The first 4 players, including ties, in the previous year's U. S. Open The first 4 players, including ties, in the previous year's Open Championship The first 4 players, including ties, in the previous year's PGA Championship Winners of PGA Tour regular-season and playoff events that award at least a full-point allocation for the Fed Ex Cup, starting with the RBC Heritage the week after the Masters to the Shell Houston Open the week beforehand. Those qualifying for the previous year's season-ending Tour Championship (top 30 in Fed Ex Cup prior to tournament)The 50 leaders on the Final Official World Golf Ranking for the previous calendar year The 50 leaders on the Official World Golf Ranking published during the week prior to the current Masters Tournament Most of the top current players will meet the criteria of multiple categories for invitation. The Masters Committee, at its discretion, can also invite any golfer not otherwise qualified, although in practice these invitations are currently reserved for international players. [83]Changes since 2014Changes for the 2014 tournament include invitations now being awarded to the autumn events in the PGA Tour, which now begin the wraparound season, tightening of qualifications (top 12 plus ties from the Masters, top 4 from the U. S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and the top 30 on the PGA Tour now referencing the season-ending points before the Tour Championship, not the former annual money list. [70] The 2015 Masters added the winner of the newly established Latin America Amateur Championship, which effectively replaced the exemption for the United States Amateur Public Links Championship, which ended after the 2014 tournament. (The final Public Links champion played in the 2015 Masters.) [84]Champions [ edit]Main article: List of Masters Tournament champions The first winner of the Masters Tournament was Horton Smith in 1934, and he repeated in 1936. The player with the most Masters victories is Jack Nicklaus, who won six times between 1963 and 1986. Arnold Palmer and Tiger Woods have each won four, and Jimmy Demaret, Gary Player, Sam Snead, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson have three titles to their name. Player was the tournament's first overseas winner with his first victory in 1961. Two-time champions include Byron Nelson, Ben Hogan, Tom Watson, Seve Ballesteros, Bernhard Langer, Ben Crenshaw, José María Olazábal, and Bubba Watson. [85]Year Champion Country To par Margin of victory Runner (s)-up Winner's share ( $)2018 Patrick Reed United States −15 1 stroke Rickie Fowler 1,980,0002017 Sergio García Spain −9 Playoff Justin Rose 1,980,0002016 Danny Willett England−5 3 strokes Jordan Spieth Lee Westwood1,800,0002015 Jordan Spieth United States–18 4 strokes Phil Mickelson Justin Rose1,800,0002014 Bubba Watson (2) United States−8 3 strokes Jonas Blixt Jordan Spieth1,620,0002013 Adam Scott Australia −9 Playoff Ángel Cabrera 1,440,0002012 Bubba Watson United States −10 Playoff Louis Oosthuizen 1,440,0002011 Charl Schwartzel South Africa−14 2 strokes Jason Day Adam Scott1,440,0002010 Phil Mickelson (3) United States −16 3 strokes Lee Westwood 1,350,0002009 Ángel Cabrera Argentina−12 Playoff Kenny Perry Chad Campbell1,350,0002008 Trevor Immelman South Africa −8 3 strokes Tiger Woods 1,350,0002007 Zach Johnson United States+1 2 strokes Retief Goosen Rory Sabbatini Tiger Woods1,305,0002006 Phil Mickelson (2) United States −7 2 strokes Tim Clark 1,260,0002005 Tiger Woods (4) United States −12 Playoff Chris Di Marco 1,260,0002004 Phil Mickelson United States −9 1 stroke Ernie Els 1,117,0002003 Mike Weir Canada −7 Playoff Len Mattiace 1,080,0002002 Tiger Woods (3) United States −12 3 strokes Retief Goosen 1,008,0002001 Tiger Woods (2) United States −16 2 strokes David Duval 1,008,0002000 Vijay Singh Fiji −10 3 strokes Ernie Els 828,0001999 José María Olazábal (2) Spain −8 2 strokes Davis Love III 720,0001998 Mark O'Meara United States−9 1 stroke Fred Couples David Duval576,0001997 Tiger Woods United States −18 12 strokes Tom Kite 486,0001996 Nick Faldo (3) England −12 5 strokes Greg Norman 450,0001995 Ben Crenshaw (2) United States −14 1 stroke Davis Love III 396,0001994 José María Olazábal Spain −9 2 strokes Tom Lehman 360,0001993 Bernhard Langer (2) Germany −11 4 strokes Chip Beck 306,0001992 Fred Couples United States −13 2 strokes Raymond Floyd 270,0001991 Ian Woosnam Wales −11 1 stroke José María Olazábal 243,0001990 Nick Faldo (2) England −10 Playoff Raymond Floyd 225,0001989 Nick Faldo England −5 Playoff Scott Hoch 200,0001988 Sandy Lyle Scotland −7 1 stroke Mark Calcavecchia 183,8001987 Larry Mize United States−3 Playoff Seve Ballesteros Greg Norman162,0001986 Jack Nicklaus (6) United States−9 1 stroke Tom Kite Greg Norman144,0001985 Bernhard Langer West Germany−6 2 strokes Seve Ballesteros Raymond Floyd Curtis Strange126,0001984 Ben Crenshaw United States −11 2 strokes Tom Watson 108,0001983 Seve Ballesteros (2) Spain−8 4 strokes Ben Crenshaw Tom Kite90,0001982 Craig Stadler United States −4 Playoff Dan Pohl 64,0001981 Tom Watson (2) United States−8 2 strokes Johnny Miller Jack Nicklaus60,0001980 Seve Ballesteros Spain−13 4 strokes Gibby Gilbert Jack Newton55,0001979 Fuzzy Zoeller United States−8 Playoff Ed Sneed Tom Watson50,0001978 Gary Player (3) South Africa−11 1 stroke Rod Funseth Hubert Green Tom Watson45,0001977 Tom Watson United States −12 2 strokes Jack Nicklaus 40,0001976 Raymond Floyd United States −17 8 strokes Ben Crenshaw 40,0001975 Jack Nicklaus (5) United States−12 1 stroke Johnny Miller Tom Weiskopf40,0001974 Gary Player (2) South Africa−10 2 strokes Dave Stockton Tom Weiskopf35,0001973 Tommy Aaron United States −5 1 stroke J. C. Snead 30,0001972 Jack Nicklaus (4) United States−2 3 strokes Bruce Crampton Bobby Mitchell Tom Weiskopf25,0001971 Charles Coody United States−9 2 strokes Johnny Miller Jack Nicklaus25,0001970 Billy Casper United States −9 Playoff Gene Littler 25,0001969 George Archer United States−7 1 stroke Billy Casper George Knudson Tom Weiskopf20,0001968 Bob Goalby United States −11 1 stroke Roberto De Vicenzo 20,0001967 Gay Brewer United States −8 1 stroke Bobby Nichols 20,0001966 Jack Nicklaus (3) United States EPlayoff Tommy Jacobs (2nd)Gay Brewer (3rd)20,0001965 Jack Nicklaus (2) United States−17 9 strokes Arnold Palmer Gary Player20,0001964 Arnold Palmer (4) United States−12 6 strokes Dave Marr Jack Nicklaus20,0001963 Jack Nicklaus United States −2 1 stroke Tony Lema 20,0001962 Arnold Palmer (3) United States−8 Playoff Gary Player (2nd)Dow Finsterwald (3rd)20,0001961 Gary Player South Africa−8 1 stroke Charles Coe (a) Arnold Palmer20,0001960 Arnold Palmer (2) United States −6 1 stroke Ken Venturi 17,5001959 Art Wall, Jr. United States −4 1 stroke Cary Middlecoff 15,0001958 Arnold Palmer United States−4 1 stroke Doug Ford Fred Hawkins11,2501957 Doug Ford United States −5 3 strokes Sam Snead 8,7501956 Jack Burke, Jr. United States +1 1 stroke Ken Venturi (a) 6,0001955 Cary Middlecoff United States −9 7 strokes Ben Hogan 5,0001954 Sam Snead (3) United States +1 Playoff Ben Hogan 5,0001953 Ben Hogan (2) United States −14 5 strokes Ed Oliver 4,0001952 Sam Snead (2) United States −2 4 strokes Jack Burke, Jr. 4,0001951 Ben Hogan United States −8 2 strokes Skee Riegel 3,0001950 Jimmy Demaret (3) United States −5 2 strokes Jim Ferrier 2,4001949 Sam Snead United States−6 3 strokes Johnny Bulla Lloyd Mangrum2,7501948 Claude Harmon United States −9 5 strokes Cary Middlecoff 2,5001947 Jimmy Demaret (2) United States−7 2 strokes Byron Nelson Frank Stranahan (a) 2,5001946 Herman Keiser United States −6 1 stroke Ben Hogan 2,5001943–45: Cancelled due to World War II1942 Byron Nelson (2) United States −8 Playoff Ben Hogan 1,5001941 Craig Wood United States −8 3 strokes Byron Nelson 1,5001940 Jimmy Demaret United States −8 4 strokes Lloyd Mangrum 1,5001939 Ralph Guldahl United States −9 1 stroke Sam Snead 1,5001938 Henry Picard United States−3 2 strokes Harry Cooper Ralph Guldahl1,5001937 Byron Nelson United States −5 2 strokes Ralph Guldahl 1,5001936 Horton Smith (2) United States −3 1 stroke Harry Cooper 1,5001935 Gene Sarazen United States −6 Playoff Craig Wood 1,5001934 Horton Smith United States −4 2 strokes Craig Wood 1,500In the "Runner (s)-up" column, the years are sorted alphabetically, based on the name of the country of (1) that year's runner-up or (2) the first player listed, in years that have multiple runners-up. The sudden-death format was adopted in 1976, first used in 1979, and revised in 2004. [86]None of the 11 sudden-death playoffs has advanced past the second hole; four were decided at the first hole, seven at the second. Playoffs prior to 1976 were full 18-hole rounds, except for 1935, which was 36 holes. None of the 6 full-round playoffs were tied at the end of the round; the closest margin was one stroke in 1942 and 1954. The 1962 playoff included three players: Arnold Palmer (68), Gary Player (71), and Dow Finsterwald (77). The 1966 playoff included three players: Jack Nicklaus (70), Tommy Jacobs (72), and Gay Brewer (78). Low amateurs [ edit]In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest-scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. There have been six players to win low amateur and then go on to win the Masters as a professional. These players are Cary Middlecoff, Jack Nicklaus, Ben Crenshaw, Phil Mickelson, Tiger Woods and Sergio García. Year Champion Country To par Place1934 Charlie Yates United States +9 211935 Lawson Little United States E 61936 Johnny Dawson United States +6 91937 Charlie Yates (2) United States +13 271938 Tommy Tailer United States +10 191939Chick Harbert Charlie Yates (3) United States United States+8 181940 Charlie Yates (4) United States +5 171941 Dick Chapman United States +9 191942 Charlie Yates (5) United States +16 281943–45 Cancelled due to World War II1946 Cary Middlecoff United States +5 121947 Frank Stranahan United States −5 21948 Skee Riegel United States +5 131949Charles Coe Johnny Dawson (2) United States United States+7 161950 Frank Stranahan (2) United States +9 141951 Charles Coe (2) United States +5 121952 Chuck Kocsis United States +9 141953Frank Stranahan (3) Harvie Ward United States United States+3 141954 Billy Joe Patton United States +2 31955 Harvie Ward (2) United States +2 71956 Ken Venturi United States +2 21957 Harvie Ward (3) United States E 41958 Billy Joe Patton (2) United States E 81959 Charles Coe (3) United States E 61960Jack Nicklaus Billy Joe Patton (3) United States United States+5 131961 Charles Coe (4) United States −7 21962 Charles Coe (5) United States E 91963 Labron Harris, Jr. United States +10 321964 Deane Beman United States E 131965 Downing Gray United States +6 311966 Jimmy Grant United States +11 281967 Downing Gray (2) United States +9 361968 Vinny Giles United States E 221969 Bruce Fleisher United States +12 441970 Charles Coe (6) United States +4 231971 Steve Melnyk United States +4 241972 Ben Crenshaw United States +7 191973 Ben Crenshaw (2) United States +7 241974 None made the cut1975 George Burns United States +4 301976 Curtis Strange United States +3 151977 Bill Sander United States +11 491978 Lindy Miller United States −2 161979 Bobby Clampett United States +2 231980 Jay Sigel United States +1 261981 Jay Sigel (2) United States +6 351982 Jodie Mudd United States +6 201983 Jim Hallet United States +9 401984 Rick Fehr United States E 251985 Sam Randolph United States +2 181986 Sam Randolph (2) United States +5 361987 Bob Lewis United States +21 541988 Jay Sigel (3) United States +12 391989 None made the cut1990 Chris Patton United States +9 391991 Phil Mickelson United States +2 461992 Manny Zerman South Africa +6 591993 None made the cut1994 John Harris United States +17 501995 Tiger Woods United States +5 411996 None made the cut1997 None made the cut1998 Matt Kuchar United States E 211999 Sergio García Spain +7 382000 David Gossett United States +15 542001 None made the cut2002 None made the cut2003 Ricky Barnes United States +3 212004 Casey Wittenberg United States E 132005 Ryan Moore United States −1 152006 None made the cut2007 None made the cut2008 None made the cut2009 None made the cut2010 Matteo Manassero Italy +4 362011 Hideki Matsuyama Japan −1 272012 Patrick Cantlay United States +7 472013 Guan Tianlang China +12 582014 Oliver Goss Australia +10 492015 None made the cut2016 Bryson De Chambeau United States +5 212017 Stewart Hagestad United States +6 362018 Doug Ghim United States +8 50Records [ edit]Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters (six) and was 46 years, 82 days old when he won in 1986, making him the oldest winner of the Masters. [23] Nicklaus is the record holder for the most top tens, with 22, and the most cuts made, with 37. [71] [87] The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods, who was 21 years, 104 days old when he won in 1997. In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin (12 strokes), and the lowest winning score, with 270 (−18). Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015. [88]In 2013, Guan Tianlang became the youngest player ever to compete in the Masters, at age 14 years, 168 days on the opening day of the tournament; [89] the following day, he became the youngest ever to make the cut at the Masters or any men's major championship. [90]Gary Player holds the record for most appearances, with 52. Player also holds the record for the number of consecutive cuts made, with 23 between 1959 and 1982 (Player did not compete in 1973 as he was recovering from recent surgery). He shares this record with Fred Couples, who made his consecutive cuts between 1983 and 2007, not competing in 1987 and 1994. [71]Nick Price and Greg Norman share the course record of 63, with their rounds coming in 1986 and 1996 respectively. The highest winning score of 289 (+1) has occurred three times: Sam Snead in 1954, Jack Burke, Jr. in 1956, and Zach Johnson in 2007. Anthony Kim holds the record for most birdies in a round with 11 in 2009 during his second round. [88]There have been only four double eagles carded in the history of the Masters; the latest was by a contender in the fourth round in 2012. In the penultimate pairing with eventual champion Bubba Watson, Louis Oosthuizen 's 260-yard (238 m) downhill 4 iron from the fairway made the left side of the green at the par-5 second hole, called Pink Dogwood, rolled downhill, and in. [91] The other two rare occurrences of this feat after Sarazen's double eagle on the fabled course's Fire Thorn hole in 1935: Bruce Devlin made double eagle from 248 yards (227 m) out with a 4-wood at the eighth hole ( Yellow Jasmine) in the first round in 1967, while Jeff Maggert hit a 3-iron 222 yards (203 m) at the 13th hole ( Azalea) in the fourth round in 1994. [92]Three players share the record for most runner-up finishes with four: Ben Hogan (1942, 1946, 1954, 1955), Tom Weiskopf (1969, 1972, 1974, 1975), Jack Nicklaus (1964, 1971, 1977, 1981)Broadcasting [ edit]See also: List of Masters Tournament broadcasters United States television [ edit]CBS has televised the Masters in the United States every year since 1956, [93] when it used six cameras and covered only the final four holes. Tournament coverage of the first eight holes did not begin until 1993 because of resistance from the tournament organizers, but by 2006, more than 50 cameras were used. Chairman Jack Stephens felt that the back nine was always more "compelling", increased coverage would increase the need for sponsorship spending, and that broadcasting the front nine of the course on television would cut down on attendance and television viewership for the tournament. [93] [94] [95] USA Network added first- and second-round coverage in 1982. [96] The Masters has been broadcast every year in high-definition television since 2000, one of the first golf tournaments to ever hold that distinction. [ citation needed] In 2008, ESPN replaced USA as broadcaster of early-round coverage. These broadcasts use the CBS Sports production staff and commentators, but with ESPN personality Scott Van Pelt (succeeding Mike Tirico, who replaced Bill Macatee 's similar role under USA Network) as studio host. [97] [96] [98]In 2005, CBS broadcast the tournament with high-definition fixed and handheld wired cameras, as well as standard-definition wireless handheld cameras. In 2006, a webstream called "Amen Corner Live" began providing coverage of all players passing through holes 11, 12, and 13 through all four rounds. [99] This was the first full tournament multi-hole webcast from a major championship. In 2007, CBS added "Masters Extra," an extra hour of full-field bonus coverage daily on the internet, preceding the television broadcasts. In 2008, CBS added full coverage of holes 15 and 16 live on the web. In 2011, "Masters Extra" was dropped after officials gave ESPN an extra hour each day on Thursday and Friday. In 2016, the Amen Corner feed was broadcast in 4K ultra high definition exclusively on Direc TV —as one of the first live U. S. sports telecasts in the format. [100] [101] A second channel of 4K coverage covering holes 15 and 16 was added in 2017, [102] and this coverage will be produced in high-dynamic-range video in 2018. [103]While Augusta National Golf Club has consistently chosen CBS as its U. S. broadcast partner, it has done so in successive one-year contracts. Former CBS Sports president Neal Pilson stated that their relationship had gotten to the point where the contracts could be negotiated in just hours. [93] Due to the lack of long-term contractual security, as well as the club's limited dependence on broadcast rights fees (owing to its affluent membership), it is widely held that CBS allows Augusta National greater control over the content of the broadcast, or at least performs some form of self-censorship, in order to maintain future rights. The club, however, has insisted it does not make any demands with respect to the content of the broadcast. [104] [105] Despite this, announcers who have been deemed not to have acted with the decorum expected by the club have been removed, notably Jack Whitaker and Gary Mc Cord, [104] and there also tends to be a lack of discussion of any controversy involving Augusta National, such as the 2003 Martha Burk protests. [105]Coverage itself carries a more formal style than other golf telecasts; announcers refer to the gallery as patrons rather than as spectators or fans. Gallery itself is also used. [106] The club also disallows promotions for other network programs, or other forms of sponsored features. [106] Significant restrictions have been placed on the tournament's broadcast hours compared to other major championships. Only in the 21st century did the tournament allow CBS to air 18-hole coverage of the leaders, a standard at the other three majors. [104] Since 1982, CBS has used "Augusta" by Dave Loggins as the event telecast's distinctive theme music. Loggins originally came up with the song during his first trip to the Augusta course in 1981. [107]The club mandates minimal commercial interruption, currently limited to four minutes per hour (as opposed to the usual 12 or more); this is subsidized by selling exclusive sponsorship packages to two or three companies – currently these "global sponsors" are AT&T, IBM, and Mercedes-Benz. [106] AT&T (then SBC) and IBM have sponsored the tournament since 2005, joined at first by Exxon Mobil, which in 2014 was replaced as a global sponsor by Mercedes-Benz. [108] In 2002, in the wake of calls to boycott tournament sponsors over the Martha Burk controversy, club chairman Hootie Johnson suspended all television sponsorship of the 2003 tournament. He argued that it was "unfair" to have the Masters' sponsors become involved with the controversy by means of association with the tournament, as their sponsorship is of the Masters and not Augusta National itself. CBS agreed to split production costs for the tournament with the club to make up for the lack of sponsorship. After the arrangement continued into 2004, the tournament reinstated sponsorships for 2005, with the new partners of Exxon Mobil, IBM, and SBC. [109] [110]The club also sells separate sponsorship packages, which do not provide rights to air commercials on the U. S. telecasts, to two "international partners"; in 2014, those companies were Rolex and UPS (the latter of which replaced Mercedes-Benz upon that company's elevation to "global sponsor" status). [108]Radio coverage [ edit]Westwood One (previously Dial Global and CBS Radio) has provided live radio play-by-play coverage in the United States since 1956. This coverage can also be heard on the official Masters website. The network provides short two- or three-minute updates throughout the tournament, as well as longer three- and four-hour segments towards the end of the day. [111]International television [ edit]The BBC has broadcast the Masters in the UK since 1986, and it also provides live radio commentary on the closing stages on Radio Five Live. With the 2007 launch of BBC HD, UK viewers can now watch the championship in that format. BBC Sport held the TV and radio rights through to 2010. [112] The BBC's coverage airs without commercials because it is financed by a licence fee. From the 2011 Masters, Sky Sports began broadcasting all four days, as well as the par 3 contest in HD and, for the first time ever, in 3D. The BBC will only have highlights of the first two days' play but will go head to head with Sky Sports, with full live coverage on the final two days of play. [113] In Ireland, Setanta Ireland previously showed all four rounds, and now since 2017 Eir Sport broadcast all four rounds live having previously broadcast the opening two rounds with RTÉ broadcasting the weekend coverage. [114]In Canada, broadcast rights to the Masters are held by Bell Media, with coverage divided between TSN (cable), which carries live simulcasts and primetime encores of CBS and ESPN coverage for all four rounds, CTV (broadcast), which simulcasts CBS's coverage of the weekend rounds, and RDS, which carries French-language coverage. Prior to 2013, Canadian broadcast rights were held by a marketing company, Graham Sanborn Media, [115] which in turn bought time on the Global Television Network, TSN, and RDS (except for 2012 when French-language coverage aired on TVA and TVA Sports) to air the broadcasts, also selling all of the advertising for the Canadian broadcasts. This was an unusual arrangement in Canadian sports broadcasting, as in most cases broadcasters acquire their rights directly from the event organizers or through partnerships with international rightsholders, such as ESPN International (ESPN owns a minority stake in TSN). In 2013, Global and TSN began selling advertising directly, and co-produced supplemental programs covering the tournament (while still carrying U. S. coverage for the tournament itself). [116] [117]On December 15, 2015, TSN parent company Bell Media announced that it had acquired exclusive Canadian rights to the tournament beginning 2016 under a multi-year deal. Broadcast television coverage moved to co-owned broadcast network CTV, while TSN uses its expanded five-channel service to carry supplemental feeds (including the Amen Corner feed and early coverage of each round) that were previously exclusive to digital platforms. [118] [119]In 53 countries, including much of Latin America, broadcast rights for the entire tournament are held by the ESPN International networks. [120]Ticketing [ edit]Although tickets for the Masters are not expensive, they are very difficult to come by. Even the practice rounds can be difficult to get into. Applications for practice round tickets have to be made nearly a year in advance and the successful applicants are chosen by random ballot. Tickets to the actual tournament are sold only to members of a patrons list, which is closed. A waiting list for the patrons list was opened in 1972 and closed in 1978. It was reopened in 2000 and subsequently closed once again. In 2008, the Masters also began allowing children (between the ages of 8 and 16) to enter on tournament days free if they are accompanied by the patron who is the owner of his or her badge. [121]The difficulty in acquiring Masters badges has made the tournament one of the largest events on the secondary-ticket market. [122] A majority of the badges for the Masters are delivered to the same group of patrons, fans, and members each year, and these perennial ticket holders sometimes decide to sell their badges through large ticket marketplaces such as Stub Hub, Ticket City, and Vivid Seats. 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Retrieved May 30, 2017.^ "Ticket Information". Masters.org. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008. Retrieved April 12, 2008.^ Reviewed Work: The Masters: Golf Money and Power in Augusta, Georgia by Curt Sampson^ "Masters Badges". Ticket City. Retrieved January 15, 2016. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Masters Tournament. Official website Masters Tournament on Facebook Masters Tournament on Instagram Augusta.com – coverage by The Augusta Chronicle [ show]v t e Golf [ show]v t e Masters Tournaments [ show]v t e Major golf championships [ show]v t e PGA Tour events [ show]v t e European Tour events Coordinates: 33.503°N 82.020°WCategories: Masters Tournament Men's major golf championships Recurring sporting events established in 1934Economy of Augusta, Georgia Tourist attractions in Augusta, Georgia Annual sporting events in the United States1934 establishments in Georgia (U. S. state) Golf tournaments in the United States April sporting events
Sleepy Hollow is a 1999 American Gothic supernatural horror film directed by Tim Burton. It is a film adaptation loosely inspired by the 1820 short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" by Washington Irving and stars Johnny Depp and Christina Ricci, with Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Casper Van Dien, and Jeffrey Jones in supporting roles. The plot follows police constable Ichabod Crane (Depp) sent from New York City to investigate a series of murders in the village of Sleepy Hollow by a mysterious Headless Horseman.
Avram Noam Chomsky -LRB- -LSB- æ ` vrɑːm _ ` noʊm_ˈtʃɒmski -RSB- ; born December 7 , 1928 -RRB- is an American linguist , philosopher , cognitive scientist , historian , social critic , and political activist . Sometimes described as `` the father of modern linguistics '' , Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science . He is Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology -LRB- MIT -RRB- , where he has worked since 1955 , and is the author of over 100 books on topics such as linguistics , war , politics , and mass media . Ideologically , he aligns with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism . Born to middle-class Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in Philadelphia , Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from alternative bookstores in New York City . At the age of sixteen he began studies at the University of Pennsylvania , taking courses in linguistics , mathematics , and philosophy . From 1951 to 1955 he was appointed to Harvard University 's Society of Fellows , where he developed the theory of transformational grammar for which he was awarded his doctorate in 1955 . That year he began teaching at MIT , in 1957 emerging as a significant figure in the field of linguistics for his landmark work Syntactic Structures , which remodeled the scientific study of language , while from 1958 to 1959 he was a National Science Foundation fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study . He is credited as the creator or co-creator of the universal grammar theory , the generative grammar theory , the Chomsky hierarchy , and the minimalist program . Chomsky also played a pivotal role in the decline of behaviorism , being particularly critical of the work of B. F. Skinner . An outspoken opponent of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War , which he saw as an act of American imperialism , in 1967 Chomsky attracted widespread public attention for his anti-war essay `` The Responsibility of Intellectuals '' . Associated with the New Left , he was arrested multiple times for his activism and placed on President Richard Nixon 's Enemies List . While expanding his work in linguistics over subsequent decades , he also became involved in the Linguistics Wars . In collaboration with Edward S. Herman , Chomsky later co-wrote an analysis articulating the propaganda model of media criticism , and worked to expose the Indonesian occupation of East Timor . However , his defense of unconditional freedom of speech -- including for Holocaust deniers -- generated significant controversy in the Faurisson affair of the early 1980s . Following his retirement from active teaching , he has continued his vocal political activism , including opposing the War on Terror and supporting the Occupy movement . One of the most cited scholars in history , Chomsky has influenced a broad array of academic fields . He is widely recognized as a paradigm shifter who helped spark a major revolution in the human sciences , contributing to the development of a new cognitivistic framework for the study of language and the mind . In addition to his continued scholarly research , he remains a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy , neoliberalism and contemporary state capitalism , the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict , and mainstream news media . His ideas have proved highly significant within the anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist movements , but have also drawn criticism , with some accusing Chomsky of anti-Americanism .
United States presidential election, 1824 The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. In an election contested by four members of the Democratic-Republican Party, no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, necessitating a contingent election in the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. On February 9, 1825, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in which the winner of the election lost the popular vote.
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/French Revolution, The - Wikisource, the free online library 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/French Revolution, The From Wikisource 351873 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica , Volume 11 — French Revolution, The FRENCH REVOLUTION, THE. Among the many revolutions which from time to time have given a new direction to the political development of nations the French Revolution stands out as at once the most dramatic in its incidents and the most momentous in its results. This exceptional character is, indeed, implied in the name by which it is known; for France has experienced many revolutions both before and since that of 1789, but the name “French Revolution,” or simply “the Revolution,” without qualification, is applied to this one alone. The causes which led to it: the gradual decay of the institutions which France had inherited from the feudal system, the decline of the centralized monarchy, and the immediate financial necessities that compelled the assembling of the long neglected states-general in 1789, are dealt with in the article on France : History. The successive constitutions, and the other legal changes which resulted from it, are also discussed in their general relation to the growth of the modern French polity in the article France (Law and Institutions). The present article deals with the progress of the Revolution itself from the convocation of the states-general to the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire which placed Napoleon Bonaparte in power. Contents 53 French Republican Calendar. Opening of the States-General.[ edit ] The elections to the states-general of 1789 were held in unfavourable circumstances. The failure of the harvest of 1788 and a severe winter had caused widespread distress. The government was weak and despised, and its agents were afraid or unwilling to quell outbreaks of disorder. At the same time the longing for radical reform and the belief that it would be easy were almost universal. The cahiers or written instructions given to the deputies covered well-nigh every subject of political, social or economic interest, and demanded an amazing number of changes. Amid this commotion the king and his ministers remained passive. They did not even determine the question whether the estates should act as separate bodies or deliberate collectively. On the 5th of May the states-general were opened by Louis in the Salle des Menus Plaisirs at Versailles. Barentin, the keeper of the seals, informed them that they were free to determine whether they would vote by orders or vote by head. Necker, as director-general of the finances, set forth the condition of the treasury and proposed some small reforms. The Tiers État (Third Estate) was dissatisfied that the question of joint or separate deliberation should have been left open. It was aware that some of the nobles and many of the inferior clergy agreed with it as to the need for comprehensive reform. Joint deliberation would ensure a majority to the reformers and therefore the abolition of privileges and the extinction of feudal rights of property. Separate deliberation would enable the majority among the nobles and the superior clergy to limit reform. Hence it became the first object of the Tiers État to effect the amalgamation of the three estates. Conflict between the Three Estates.[ edit ] The conflict between those who desired and those who resisted amalgamation took the form of a conflict over the verification of the powers of the deputies. The Tiers État insisted that the deputies of all three estates should have their powers verified in common as the first step towards making them all members of one House. It resolved hold its meetings in the Salle des Menus Plaisirs, whereas the nobles and the clergy met in smaller apartments set aside for their exclusive use. It refrained from taking any step which might have implied that it was an organized assembly, and persevered in regarding itself as a mere crowd of individual members incapable of transacting business. Meanwhile the clergy and the nobles began a separate verification of t
APA Style APA Style These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster. APA Overview and Workshop This workshop provides an overview of APA (American Psychological Association) style and where to find help with different APA resources. It provides an annotated list of links to all of our APA materials and an APA overview. It is an excellent place to start to learn about APA format. APA Formatting and Style Guide APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (6 th ed., 2 nd printing).
The palatal expander appliance is a specially made device used to widen the upper arch or roof of the mouth. By widening the upper arch, the upper teeth line up better with the lower teeth, giving the patient a better bite. Widening the palate makes room for crowded teeth to align better.
Walla Walla County, Washington Walla Walla County, Washington From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Walla Walla County, Washington Postcard. Walla Walla Court House in 1906. Seal Location in the U. S. state of Washington Washington's location in the U. S. Founded April 25, 1854Named for Walla Walla people Seat Walla Walla Largest city Walla Walla Area• Total 1,299 sq mi (3,364 km 2)• Land 1,270 sq mi (3,289 km 2)• Water 29 sq mi (75 km 2 ), 2.2%Population (est. )• ( 2017) 60,567• Density 46/sq mi (17.8/km 2)Congressional districts 4th, 5th Time zone Pacific: UTC−8 / −7Website www .co .walla-walla .wa .us Walla Walla County is a county located in the U. S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, its population was 58,781. [1] The county seat and largest city is Walla Walla. [2] The county was formed on April 25, 1854 [3] and is named after the Walla Walla tribe of Native Americans. Walla Walla County is included in the Walla Walla, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Contents [ hide ]1 Geography1.1 Geographic features1.2 Major highways1.3 Adjacent counties1.4 National protected areas2 Demographics2.1 2000 census2.2 2010 census3 Communities3.1 Cities3.2 Census-designated places3.3 Unincorporated communities4 Politics5 See also6 Footnotes7 Further reading8 External links Geography [ edit]According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,299 square miles (3,360 km 2 ), of which 1,270 square miles (3,300 km 2) is land and 29 square miles (75 km 2) (2.2%) is water. [4]Geographic features [ edit]Columbia River Snake River Blue Mountains Touchet River Ponderosa Pines Banana Belt Walla Walla River Major highways [ edit]U. S. Route 12Adjacent counties [ edit]Columbia County - east Umatilla County, Oregon - south Benton County - west Franklin County - northwest National protected areas [ edit]Mc Nary National Wildlife Refuge Umatilla National Forest (part)Whitman Mission National Historic Site Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1860 1,318 —1870 5,300 302.1%1880 8,716 64.5%1890 12,224 40.2%1900 18,680 52.8%1910 31,931 70.9%1920 27,539 −13.8%1930 28,441 3.3%1940 30,547 7.4%1950 40,135 31.4%1960 42,195 5.1%1970 42,176 0.0%1980 47,435 12.5%1990 48,439 2.1%2000 55,180 13.9%2010 58,781 6.5%Est. 2017 60,567 [5] 3.0%U. S. Decennial Census [6] 1790–1960 [7] 1900–1990 [8] 1990–2000 [9] 2010–2016 [1]2000 census [ edit]As of the census [10] of 2000, there were 55,180 people, 19,647 households, and 13,242 families residing in the county. The population density was 43 people per square mile (17/km²). There were 21,147 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 85.32% White, 1.69% Black or African American, 0.84% Native American, 1.11% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 8.24% from other races, and 2.57% from two or more races. 15.68% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 20.1% were of German, 10.7% English, 7.7% United States or American and 7.3% Irish ancestry. There were 19,647 households out of which 32.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.00% were married couples living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.60% were non-families. 27.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.08. In the county, the population was spread out with 24.60% under the age of 18, 13.40% from 18 to 24, 26.50% from 25 to 44, 20.80% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 103.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $35,900, and the median income for a family was $44,962. Males had a median income of $34,691 versus $24,736 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,509. About 10.20% of families and 15.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.80% of those under age 18 and 8.20% of those age 65 or over.2010 census [ edit]As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 58,781 people, 21,719 households, and 14,132 families residing in the county. [11] The population density was 46.3 inhabitants per square mile (17.9/km 2 ). There were 23,451 housing units at an average density of 18.5 per square mile (7.1/km 2 ). [12] The racial makeup of the county was 84.5% white, 1.8% black or African American, 1.3% Asian, 1.0% American Indian, 0.3% Pacific islander, 8.0% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 19.7% of the population. [11] In terms of ancestry, 23.5% were German, 13.3% were English, 12.7% were Irish, and 6.6% were American. [13]Of the 21,719 households, 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.9% were non-families, and 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 36.7 years. [11]The median income for a household in the county was $45,575 and the median income for a family was $55,773. Males had a median income of $42,704 versus $35,586 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,027. About 12.4% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. [14]Communities [ edit]Cities [ edit]College Place Prescott Waitsburg Walla Walla (county seat)Census-designated places [ edit]Burbank Dixie Garrett Touchet Walla Walla East Wallula Unincorporated communities [ edit]Ayer Lowden Calhounville Politics [ edit]Presidential Elections Results [15]Year Republican Democratic Third Parties2016 52.1% 13,651 37.0% 9,694 11.0% 2,8832012 57.9% 14,648 38.6% 9,768 3.5% 8822008 57.0% 14,182 40.5% 10,081 2.5% 6142004 62.5% 14,323 36.0% 8,257 1.5% 3452000 62.3% 13,304 33.6% 7,188 4.1% 8731996 46.6% 9,085 41.3% 8,038 12.1% 2,3631992 39.7% 7,894 36.8% 7,325 23.5% 4,6621988 55.6% 9,683 42.8% 7,448 1.6% 2721984 63.7% 12,361 35.1% 6,804 1.2% 2331980 59.1% 11,223 30.7% 5,825 10.2% 1,9291976 59.2% 10,883 38.1% 7,012 2.7% 5051972 67.9% 12,579 28.9% 5,364 3.2% 5901968 59.3% 10,042 34.5% 5,841 6.1% 1,0401964 46.1% 8,102 53.9% 9,481 0.1% 111960 63.6% 11,786 36.3% 6,721 0.1% 121956 66.0% 11,827 33.9% 6,076 0.0% 71952 67.3% 11,987 32.2% 5,738 0.5% 921948 52.0% 7,993 46.2% 7,102 1.8% 2831944 55.6% 7,364 43.8% 5,793 0.6% 781940 57.0% 7,883 42.5% 5,875 0.5% 631936 39.3% 4,584 56.2% 6,562 4.5% 5241932 44.0% 4,653 52.8% 5,578 3.3% 3441928 70.1% 6,774 29.6% 2,859 0.3% 331924 58.8% 5,465 17.9% 1,662 23.3% 2,1631920 67.6% 5,957 26.5% 2,338 5.9% 5171916 48.0% 4,429 48.3% 4,456 3.7% 3421912 25.3% 1,937 32.7% 2,507 42.0% 3,2191908 60.7% 2,843 35.5% 1,660 3.8% 1781904 72.0% 2,824 24.4% 956 3.7% 1431900 57.4% 2,119 40.1% 1,480 2.4% 901896 47.6% 1,596 51.2% 1,716 1.2% 391892 47.1% 1,362 45.5% 1,313 7.4% 214Walla Walla County is generally Republican; it has voted for that party in all but one presidential election since 1940. See also [ edit]National Register of Historic Places listings in Walla Walla County, Washington Footnotes [ edit]^ a b "State & County Quick Facts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2014.^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.^ "Milestones for Washington State History — Part 2: 1851 to 1900". History Link.org. March 6, 2003.^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2015.^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved Apr 4, 2018.^ "U. S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2014.^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 8, 2014.^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2014.^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2014.^ "American Fact Finder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-06.^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-06.^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-06.^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2016-03-06.^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U. S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-04-10. Further reading [ edit]Frank T. Gilbert, Historic Sketches: Walla Walla, Columbia and Garfield Counties, Washington Territory. Portland, OR: A. G. Walling Printing House, 1882. W. D. Lyman, Lyman's History of Old Walla Walla County, Embracing Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties. In Two Volumes. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1918. Volume 1 \| Volume 2Frederic Ambrose Shaver, An Illustrated History of Southeastern Washington, Including Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, Washington. Spokane, WA: Western Historical Publishing Co., 1906. External links [ edit]Walla Walla Washington at History Link.org Walla Walla photographs collection at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College. [ show]Places adjacent to Walla Walla County, Washington [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States [ show]v t e State of Washington Coordinates: 46.23°N 118.48°WCategories: Washington (state) counties Walla Walla County, Washington1854 establishments in Washington Territory Populated places established in 1854 Eastern Washington
Gareth Elwin Neame OBE -LRB- born 8 March 1967 -RRB- is a British Emmy and Golden Globe award winning television producer and executive . As an executive at the BBC , Neame was responsible for bringing a new wave of popular dramas to the screen including Spooks -LRB- MI5 -RRB- , State of Play , Hustle and New Tricks . Neame 's strategy significantly enhanced the independent production sector as a source of quality and commercial scripted television programmes .
How to Identify Oaks by the Acorns: 13 Steps (with Pictures) Characteristics of an Acorn 1 Examine the acorn cup scales. The nut of the acorn grows from a woody cup, which may remind you of a hat. The small scales that make up the cup may be thin and flat, or thick and forming wart-like growths (tubercles). This variation is a great start for narrowing down the possible species. [2] All oaks native to North America and Europe have a spiral of overlapping scales on the cup. Some (but not all) East Asian oaks have scales that form concentric rings instead. These are called ring-cupped oaks, and belong to the Cyclobalanopsis subgenus. [3] 2 Look at the shape of the acorn. Acorns come in many shapes, but you can divide them into two rough groups. [4] Some are round ("globose"), or nearly round with a blunt tip. Others are elongated ("ovoid" or "oblong") and usually taper to a point ("fusiform"). The acorns of some species have parallel ridges (striations) running between the two points. This can vary within one species, so a smooth acorn isn't always diagnostic. 3 Check the color. Mature acorns can be light brown, dark brown, black, or chestnut red. If the acorn is still green or greenish-grey, it probably fell off the tree early. 4 Measure the nut. Acorns range in size from nubs less than ½ inch (1.25 cm) long, to behemoths the size of your palm. Most acorns within a single species and region are similar in length within about ½ inch (1.25 cm). One important exception is the cork oak of the Mediterranean, which drops large acorns in autumn and a smaller batch in winter. [5] The size and shape of the cup is also useful, and you can easily eyeball it by comparing it to the nut. For example, the Northern red oak has a cup that sits flat at the top of the nut, while the overcup oak and bur oak wrap almost the entire nut in a cup. [6] The length of the stalk the acorn grows on can also help identification. 5 Look for hairs. The cup of some acorns have hairs on the inner and/or outer surface. You can also look for hairs on the inner surface of the shell, after cracking it open. Botanists describe this hairy material with these terms: [7] Woolly: long, matted hairs. Some species only have hair near the tip of the acorn, so check there. Pubescent: short, fine hairs. Identifying Common USA Oak Species 1 Find a local field guide if possible. There are about 400 species of oak worldwide, and over 200 in North America. [10] This guide only covers a few of the most common species in the United States. A tree identification guide for your region or state will help for the species that are less common or limited to smaller areas. 2 Choose your region. This guide is divided by the region where the oaks grow. Note that many species only grow in a smaller area within this region. Central and Eastern United States : East of Minnesota in the north and Texas in the South. Florida is included, but many species do not grow there. Western United States : This covers the entire Midwest and Pacific coast. Central and Eastern United States 1 Narrow down brown, oblong acorns. These acorns have the classic oblong or ovoid acorn shape. Their nuts are light brown or dark brown in color, with few to no red tones. Here are the most common species that fit this description in this region, and their identifying characteristics: [11] [12] [13] White oak (Quercus alba): short, light grey cup with warty scales; cup covers about ¼ of nut [14] Chinkapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii): thin cup with fine grey hairs and moderately warty scales; cup covers ¼ to ½ of nut [15] Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea): glossy, dark reddish-brown cup; nut has a blunt tip Willow oak (Quercus phellos): shallow, flattened cup with hairs inside and out; nut is less than ½" (13 mm) long Northern red oak (Quercus rubra): cup scales are reddish-brown, hairy, often with dark margins; inside of cup is smooth or has ring of hair around the scar; nut may have grey stripes [16] Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii): Similar to Northern red oak, but scales often have pale margins; some have a deeper,
Clouds form when the invisible water vapour in the air condenses into visible water droplets or ice crystals. There is water around us all the time in the form of tiny gas particles, also known as water vapour. There are also tiny particles floating around in the air-such as salt and dust-these are called aerosols.
Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy.f the parliament is bicameral, then the government is responsible first to the parliament's lower house, which is more numerous, directly elected and thus more representative than the upper house Responsible government of parliamentary accountability manifests itself in several ways.
Jacqueline Ruth `` Jacki '' Weaver , AO -LRB- born 25 May 1947 -RRB- is an Australian theatre , film , and television actress . She is known internationally for her performances in Animal Kingdom -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and Silver Linings Playbook -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , both of which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Weaver emerged in the 1970s as a symbol of the Australian New Wave through her work in Ozploitation films such as Stork -LRB- 1971 -RRB- , Alvin Purple -LRB- 1973 -RRB- and Petersen -LRB- 1974 -RRB- . In 2005 , she released her autobiography titled Much Love , Jac .
The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated.
One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, which the host supplies to them. These worms were discovered in the late 1980s at the hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands and have since been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in all of the world's oceans.
Attachment 14951 Details for Bug 43473 patch obsolete >A >A'S >A-BOMB >A-BOMBS >A-LEVEL >A-LEVELS >A.M. >AA >AARON >ABACK >ABACUS >ABAFT >ABANDON >ABANDONED >ABANDONING >ABANDONMENT >ABANDONS >ABASEMENT >ABASHED >ABATE >ABATED >ABATEMENT >ABATES >ABATING >ABATTOIR >ABATTOIRS >ABBE >ABBESS >ABBEY >ABBEYS >ABBOT >ABBOTS >ABBREVIATE >ABBREVIATED >ABBREVIATION >ABBREVIATIONS >ABC >ABC'S >ABDICATE >ABDICATED >ABDICATING >ABDICATION >ABDOMEN >ABDOMENS >ABDOMINAL >ABDUCT >ABDUCTED >ABDUCTING >ABDUCTION >ABED >ABERRANT >ABERRATION >ABERRATIONS >ABET >ABETS >ABETTED >ABETTING >ABEYANCE >ABHOR >ABHORRED >ABHORRENCE >ABHORRENT >ABHORS >ABIDE >ABIDED >ABIDES >ABIDING >ABILITIES >ABILITY >ABJECT >ABJECTION >ABJECTLY >ABJURE >ABLATIVE >ABLAZE >ABLE >ABLE-BODIED >ABLER >ABLEST >ABLUTION >ABLUTIONS >ABLY >ABNEGATION >ABNORMAL >ABNORMALITIES >ABNORMALITY >ABNORMALLY >ABO >ABOARD >ABODE >ABODES >ABOLISH >ABOLISHED >ABOLISHES >ABOLISHING >ABOLITION >ABOLITIONIST >ABOLITIONISTS >ABOMINABLE >ABOMINABLY >ABOMINATE >ABOMINATION >ABOMINATIONS >ABORIGINAL >ABORIGINALS >ABORIGINE >ABORIGINES >ABORT >ABORTED >ABORTING >ABORTION >ABORTIONIST >ABORTIONISTS >ABORTIONS >ABORTIVE >ABOUND >ABOUNDED >ABOUNDING >ABOUNDS >ABOUT >ABOVE >ABOVE-MENTIONED >ABOVEBOARD >ABRACADABRA >ABRADED >ABRAHAM >ABRASION >ABRASIONS >ABRASIVE >ABRASIVELY >ABRASIVES >ABREAST >ABRIDGE >ABRIDGED >ABRIDGMENT >ABROAD >ABROGATE >ABROGATED >ABROGATES >ABROGATION >ABRUPT >ABRUPTLY >ABRUPTNESS >ABSCESS >ABSCESSES >ABSCOND >ABSENCE >ABSENCES >ABSENT >ABSENT-MINDED >ABSENT-MINDEDLY >ABSENT-MINDEDNESS >ABSENTED >ABSENTEE >ABSENTEEISM >ABSENTEES >ABSENTING >ABSENTLY >ABSINTH >ABSOLUTE >ABSOLUTELY >ABSOLUTENESS >ABSOLUTION >ABSOLUTISM >ABSOLVE >ABSOLVED >ABSOLVES >ABSOLVING >ABSORB >ABSORBED >ABSORBENT >ABSORBING >ABSORBS >ABSORPTION >ABSTAIN >ABSTAINED >ABSTAINER >ABSTAINING >ABSTAINS >ABSTEMIOUS >ABSTEMIOUSNESS >ABSTENTION >ABSTENTIONS >ABSTINENCE >ABSTRACT >ABSTRACTED >ABSTRACTEDLY >ABSTRACTING >ABSTRACTION >ABSTRACTIONS >ABSTRACTS >ABSTRUSE >ABSURD >ABSURDITIES >ABSURDITY >ABSURDLY >ABUNDANCE >ABUNDANT >ABUNDANTLY >ABUSE >ABUSED >ABUSES >ABUSING >ABUSIVE >ABYSMAL >ABYSMALLY >ABYSS >ABYSSES >ACACIA >ACACIAS >ACADEMIC >ACADEMICALLY >ACADEMICALS >ACADEMICIAN >ACADEMICIANS >ACADEMICS >ACADEMIES >ACADEMY >ACC. >ACCEDE >ACCEDED >ACCEDES >ACCEDING >ACCELERATE >ACCELERATED >ACCELERATES >ACCELERATING >ACCELERATION >ACCELERATOR >ACCELERATORS >ACCENT >ACCENTED >ACCENTING >ACCENTS >ACCENTUATE >ACCENTUATED >ACCENTUATES >ACCENTUATING >ACCENTUATION >ACCEPT >ACCEPTABILITY >ACCEPTABLE >ACCEPTABLY >ACCEPTANCE >ACCEPTANCES >ACCEPTED >ACCEPTING >ACCEPTS >ACCESS >ACCESSIBILITY >ACCESSIBLE >ACCESSION >ACCESSIONS >ACCESSORIES >ACCESSORY >ACCIDENT >ACCIDENT-PRONE >ACCIDENTAL >ACCIDENTALLY >ACCIDENTS >ACCLAIM >ACCLAIMED >ACCLAIMING >ACCLAMATION >ACCLIMATIZATION >ACCLIMATIZE >ACCLIMATIZED >ACCLIMATIZING >ACCOLADE >ACCOLADES >ACCOMMODATE >ACCOMMODATED >ACCOMMODATES >ACCOMMODATING >ACCOMMODATINGLY >ACCOMMODATION >ACCOMMODATIONS >ACCOMPANIED >ACCOMPANIES >ACCOMPANIMENT >ACCOMPANIMENTS >ACCOMPANIST >ACCOMPANY >ACCOMPANYING >ACCOMPLICE >ACCOMPLICES >ACCOMPLISH >ACCOMPLISHED >ACCOMPLISHES >ACCOMPLISHING >ACCOMPLISHMENT >ACCOMPLISHMENTS >ACCORD >ACCORDANCE >ACCORDED >ACCORDING >ACCORDINGLY >ACCORDION >ACCORDIONS >ACCORDS >ACCOST >ACCOSTED >ACCOUNT >ACCOUNTABLE >ACCOUNTANCY >ACCOUNTANT >ACCOUNTANTS >ACCOUNTED >ACCOUNTING >ACCOUNTS >ACCOUTREMENTS >ACCREDITED >ACCRETION >ACCRETIONS >ACCRUE >ACCRUED >ACCRUES >ACCRUING >ACCUMULATE >ACCUMULATED >ACCUMULATES >ACCUMULATING >ACCUMULATION >ACCUMULATIONS >ACCUMULATIVE >ACCUMULATOR >ACCUMULATORS >ACCURACY >ACCURATE >ACCURATELY >ACCURSED >ACCUSATION >ACCUSATIONS >ACCUSATIVE >ACCUSE >ACCUSED >ACCUSER >ACCUSERS >ACCUSES >ACCUSING >ACCUSINGLY >ACCUSTOM >ACCUSTOMED >ACCUSTOMING >ACCUSTOMS >ACE >ACERBIC >ACES >ACETATE >ACETIC >ACETYLENE >ACHE >ACHED >ACHES >ACHIEVABLE >ACHIEVE >ACHIEVED >ACHIEVEMENT >ACHIEVEMENTS >ACHIEVES >ACHIEVING >ACHILLES >ACHING >ACID >ACIDIC >ACIDIFIED >ACIDITY >ACIDS >ACIDULOUS >ACKNOWLEDGE >ACKNOWLEDGED >ACKNOWLEDGEMENT >ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS >ACKNOWLEDGES >ACKNOW
James McAvoy -LRB- -LSB- ˈmækəvɔɪ -RSB- born 21 April 1979 -RRB- is a Scottish actor . He made his acting début as a teen in 1995 's The Near Room and continued to make mostly television appearances until 2003 , when his feature film career began and he continued to work in both areas from then on . His notable television work includes the drama show State of Play , the adult comedy-drama Shameless , and the science fiction show Frank Herbert 's Children of Dune . Besides screen acting , McAvoy has performed in several West End productions , receiving three nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor . He has also done voice work for animated films including Gnomeo & Juliet and Arthur Christmas -LRB- both 2011 -RRB- . In 2003 , McAvoy appeared in a lead role in Bollywood Queen , a British Indian take on the Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet , directed by Jeremy Wooding . This was followed by a supporting role , the faun Mr. Tumnus , in The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . His performance in Kevin Macdonald 's drama The Last King of Scotland -LRB- 2006 -RRB- garnered him several award nominations . The critically acclaimed romantic drama war film Atonement -LRB- 2007 -RRB- earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination and his second BAFTA nomination . He appeared opposite Angelina Jolie as a newly trained assassin in the action thriller Wanted -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Since then , he is known for playing the young Professor Charles Xavier in the 2011 superhero film X-Men : First Class , a role he reprised in X-Men : Days of Future Past -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and X-Men : Apocalypse -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . McAvoy starred in the 2013 crime comedy-drama film Filth for which he won Best Actor in the British Independent Film Awards . In 2016 , he portrayed Kevin , a man with 23 personalities in his body , in M. Night Shyamalan 's Split , for which he received critical acclaim .
Oldest dated rocks The oldest dated rocks on Earth, as an aggregate of minerals that have not been subsequently broken down by erosion or melted, are more than 4 billion years old, formed during the Hadean Eon of Earth's geological history. Such rocks are exposed on the Earth's surface in very few places. Some of the oldest surface rock can be found in the Canadian Shield, Australia, Africa and in a few other old regions around the world. The ages of these felsic rocks are generally between 2.5 and 3.8 billion years. The approximate ages have a margin of error of millions of years. In 1999, the oldest known rock on Earth was dated to 4.031 Â±0.003 billion years, and is part of the Acasta Gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada.[1] Researchers at McGill University found a rock with a very old model age for extraction from the mantle (3.8 to 4.28 billion years ago) in the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt on the coast of Hudson Bay, in northern Quebec;[2] the true age of these samples is still under debate, and they may actually be closer to 3.8 billion years old.[3] Older than these rocks are crystals of the mineral zircon, which can survive the disaggregation of their parent rock and be found and dated in younger rock formations.
Standard Sizes of Sofas. Sofas vary in size, from 6 to 8 feet long and 32 to 40 inches deep for a standard size sofa, to 4 to 6 feet long and 28 to 30 inches deep for a loveseat. The actual depth of the seating area is reduced by the depth of the sofa's arms and back of the sofa.
Atomic Blonde is a 2017 American action spy thriller film directed by David Leitch and written by Kurt Johnstad . It is based on Antony Johnston and Sam Hart 's 2012 graphic novel The Coldest City , which revolves around a spy who has to find a list of double agents who are being smuggled into the West . The film stars Charlize Theron , James McAvoy , John Goodman , Til Schweiger , Eddie Marsan , Sofia Boutella , and Toby Jones . This will be Leitch 's first solo credit as director , after co-directing John Wick with Chad Stahelski . The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12 , 2017 . It will be released theatrically on July 28 , 2017 , by Focus Features .
The most recent major entrant to the browser market is Chrome, first released in September 2008. Chrome's take-up has increased significantly year by year, by doubling its usage share from 8% to 16% by August 2011. This increase seems largely to be at the expense of Internet Explorer, whose share has tended to decrease from month to month. In December 2011, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer 8 as the most widely used web browser but still had lower usage than all versions of Internet Explorer combined. Chrome's user-base continued to grow and in May 2012, Chrome's usage passed the usage of all versions of Internet Explorer combined. By April 2014, Chrome's usage had hit 45%.

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