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Keanu Charles Reeves -LRB- -LSB- kiːˈɑːnuː -RSB- ; born September 2 , 1964 -RRB- is a Canadian actor , director , producer , and musician . Reeves is best known for his acting career , beginning in 1985 and spanning more than three decades . He gained fame for his starring role performances in several blockbuster films including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise -LRB- 1989 -- 1991 -RRB- ; action thrillers Point Break -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Speed -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and the John Wick franchise ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate -LRB- 1997 -RRB- ; supernatural thriller Constantine -LRB- 2005 -RRB- ; and science fiction/action series The Matrix -LRB- 1999 -- 2003 -RRB- . He has also appeared in dramatic films such as Dangerous Liaisons -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , My Own Private Idaho -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and Little Buddha -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Since becoming active in the film industry , Reeves has earned critical acclaim . One New York Times critic praised Reeves ' versatility , saying that he `` displays considerable discipline and range ... he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles '' . However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast . A recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed is one of saving the world , as can be seen in the characters of Ted Logan , Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu . His acting has garnered several awards , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . During his film career , Reeves has engaged in several forms of artistic expression . Active as a musician for over a decade , he played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky . Acting onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet . He wrote the text for a picture book , Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant . He has also produced a documentary , Side by Side , and directed the martial arts film Man of Tai Chi .
For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%.Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabetes, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes.hen your diabetes is not controlled (meaning that your blood sugar is too high), sugar builds up in your blood and combines with your hemoglobin, becoming glycated.. The average amount of sugar in your blood can be found by measuring your hemoglobin A1c level.
Calories in egg yolk vs egg white. Most of the calories in eggs, as well as all of the fat content, is in the yolk. The yolk from a large egg contains about 55 calories and just over 180 mg of cholesterol. An egg white contains 17 calories and no fat content at all.
How Much Do Landscaping Rocks Cost? Home Costs > Outdoors > How Much Do Landscaping Rocks Cost? How Much Do Landscaping Rocks Cost? Need a pro near you? Get multiple quotes for free online. Get your quote now >>Landscaping rocks are going to add the needed beauty to make your yard look complete. There are many landscaping rocks available, from artificial ones to the larger rocks that are brought in by a crane. The cost of these landscaping rocks is going to depend on the size, the type, the quantity, and the service selling them.“ 2015-69 ” ( CC BY 2.0 ) by Stenbolaget How much is it? On average, most landscaping supply companies are going to charge either by the ton or by square footage. Other factors may include the size of the rocks, type, the amount needed and company selling/installing them. Since there are so many rock types out there, the costs can vary anywhere from $30 to $100 per ton or$30 to $65 per cubic foot, depending on the rock type. Larger landscaping rocks, such as boulders, can cost upwards of $800 per ton. For example, a volcanic rock can cost $600 per ton, and an Artic white boulder can cost $150 per ton. Natural stone edging, ideal for gardens and walkways, can cost $200 to $600 per ton. A single boulder that measures 36″ x 26″ x 16″ can cost $150 to $300 each, while a boulder that is 44″ x 36″ x 28″ can cost upwards of $285 to $450 each. Natural rock steps can cost $80 to $200 each. Faux landscaping rocks can cost $45 to $100 or more for a single rock that stands one to two feet high. A small bag of rocks, such as lava rocks or pea gravel, will cost $2 to $5 for a bag that covers 0.5 cubic feet. These bags can be found at retailers such as Home Depot and Lowe’s. In bulk, it can cost $30 to $50 per cubic foot. Decorative landscaping rocks, such as river rock and Bryan red rock, can cost $4 to $8 per bag that covers .5 cubic feet. Larger loads can cost $50 to $60 per cubic foot or $200 to $600 per ton, depending on the variety. Decomposed granite can cost $30 to $55 per cubic foot, while crushed granite can cost $60 to $75 per yard. Mexican beach pebbles can cost $20 to $45 per pound or up to $700 per ton. AZ Rock Depot, located in Mesa, Arizona, lists prices on their official website. What is going to be included? Landscape rocks can be broken down into the following categories: landscape rock, boulders, river rock, sand and rip rap. Popular sizes of smaller landscaping rocks include 1/4″, 3/8″, 1/2″, 3/4″ and one inch. For smaller rocks, many local nurseries and landscaping companies may deliver right to your doorstep if a certain price is met. Type of landscape rock Boulders will be your “anchor points” in the yard and can stand on its own or be surrounded by ornamental grass. Crushed granite will be similar to decomposed granite but it will be chunkier and larger in size. This granite can come in red and beige colors and will make a nice pathway rock because of its texture and look. However, as a disadvantage, it can be hard to locate a source for this work and because of this, can be costlier to truck in. Decomposed granite will be either tan or red in color and look more like dirt from a distance since it has been weathered to the point of breaking down. This rock will be small in size and is designed to replace areas that may use asphalt or concrete, like a driveway. It’s readily available and can be very inexpensive. The only downfall, however, is it can track on the bottom of your shoes, causing damage to hardwood floors. Flagstone will be a flat piece of stone commonly used as a walkway. This decorative stone will lay directly on the ground and will often use a base material such as paving sand or crushed granite. Lava rock will be mined from volcanic lava domes and will be completely red in color but can also be black. This rock can come in many sizes and can be very versatile. It can be used as ground cover, a walkway or as an accent piece. Mexican beach pebbles are smooth, polished and will give a yard a tropical look, often coming in a grayish-black color. This rock can commonly be found on a pathway or near a pool and offer an elegant appeal, but if you do live in certain parts of the United States, it can be hard to find. Pea gravel, as the name implies, is a landscape rock the size of a pea, and can come in many colors and sizes. Common sizes include 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch and 5/8 inches. This rock will be found either as a simple walkway surface or used as a filler. River rocks is a stone used in connection with water-based areas, hence the name river. This rock will be used when the water needs to be drained and ran off to a certain point on the property and will be slightly larger than pea gravel. These rocks are readily available at most big-name hardware store. What are the extra costs? Landscaping rocks will either be screened or non-screened. If screened, the costs can be 40 percent more on average. A tough, fibrous black fabric is highly recommended before you install the rocks. This thick fabric screen will allow water to flow through it, but it will prevent weeds from popping through the rocks. Most landscaping rock companies will charge a delivery fee unless a minimum is met. Most delivery charges can start at $50 and go up from here. Some supply companies will charge extra if you want to have the rocks or boulder wrapped in plastic during transportation. Plastic wrap can vary from $7 to $35 per rock. Wired baskets can also be added to protect the smaller rocks from moving around in the truck while being transported. Tips to know Avoid laying pea gravel in areas where you may push a lawn mower or anything else with wheels. If using rocks for a walkway, consider shoveling snow in the winter as it can be hard to shovel some snow off certain rock types. How much rock do you need? First, measure the length and width of the area that needs to be covered in feet. Next, determine the depth needed in feet; if it’s less than a foot, divide the number by 12. With these numbers, multiply the length by the width by the desired depth. This will give you the cubic feet you will need for your project. With this number, divide by 27 to determine the cubic yards. Azrockit.com goes more in depth with the calculation. How can I save money? Compare prices with at least three nurseries. Be sure to ask about delivery, as well as get a good look at what the rock is going to look like. Many nurseries will allow you to take the samples home to match it up with your yard. Consider checking out local landscaping dumps. There are landfills that can have various items such as larger rocks as well as other rubbish. With permission, consider checking these areas out to see what’s available. Advertising Disclosure: This content may include referral links. Please read our disclosure policy for more info. Average Reported Cost: $00 %0 %Map data ©2018 Google, INEGI Terms of Use Map Satellite Less Expensive$1 $1.5K $3K $5K $6.5KMore Expensive$8k How much did you spend? Was it worth it?
Whats the difference between a horse, burro, donkey, and a mule? Science & Mathematics Zoology Whats the difference between a horse, burro, donkey, and a mule? Follow 11 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: first burro is another word for donkey a donkey is a domesticated animal of the horse family a horse is a larger creature but is related to the donkey a mule is a cross between a horse and a donkey.. it is made when a donkey and a horse matesblahman · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment Asker's rating Donkey, ***, Burro ... all the same animal, may be a different sub-species though... Whoever said a burro is the cross between a horse and a donkey is wrong... A Mule is a cross between a female horse and a male donkey A Hinny is a cross between a female donkey and a male horse? · 2 years ago0 0 Commenta horse and a donkey are two different, but related species. Burro is Spanish for donkey. A mule is the sterile offspring of a horse and a donkey Bobby R · 1 decade ago2 0 Comment I'm lead to believe that a mule is a cross breed between a horse and a donkey and is sterile, the donkey can reproduce, , as for the burro, I believe is a smaller species of a donkey, such as a Shetland pony is to a horse. The horse, well isn't it obvious what that is?mickkooz · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment I'd say their difference is the size, although they belong to the same Genus (species). They all belong in: Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia (mammals) > Perissodactyla > Equidae ('tailed') > Equus 1) Horse (Equus caballus) would be the biggest in size. 2) The Spanish brought donkeys, called "burros" in Spanish, to North America beginning in the late fifteenth century. They were prized for their hardiness in arid country and became the beast of burden of choice by early prospectors in the Southwest United States. In the western United States the word "burro" is used as often as the word "donkey" by English speakers. Sometimes the distinction is made with donkeys descended from Mexican stock called "burros" and those from stock imported directly from Europe called "donkeys". 3) Donkey (Equus asinus) is a domesticated animal, smaller in size than a horse, but more reliable when carrying something that weighs a lot 4) A mule comes from a male donkey and a female horse. The reverse, the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey, is called a hinny. They can be usually distinguished by their big donkey-like ears and they're bigger than donkeys Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey#Burro http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulesr · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment A donkey is a small type of horse, a mule is the offspring of a horse or a donkey, a burro is also a donkey, and a horse is a solid-hoofed plant-eating domesticated mammal with a flowing mane and tail. Chris · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment A horse is a horse, genus and species: Equus caballus. A burro and a donkey are the same thing, genus and species: Equus asinus. A mule is a hybrid sterile offspring of a female horse and a male donkey. Source (s):wikipediaveda_renee · 1 decade ago1 0 Commentmules are sterile donkeys. Burros are a kind of donkey. Horses are a different species.thoth child · 1 decade ago1 0 Commenta horse is a horse, a donkey is a donkey a mule is a sterile hybrid out of a mare (female horse) by a donkey dam = horse, sire = donkey a jackass is out of a donkey, by a stallion dam = donkey, sire = horse Burro = ?rosie recipe · 1 decade ago1 0 Commenta few letters? =)kangaroo · 1 decade ago0 1 Comment1 2 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? Hard drive full? Cloud storage Look For an Accident Attorney Need a Small Business Loan? Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms?
This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall.
Chess Moves - Extensive Insight To The Jump Chess Move Delivering Online Chess To The World The Jump Chess Move In chess, the knight is the only piece that may jump pieces, provided that the destination square must be either empty or occupied by one of the opposing pieces. The knight is considered to be one of the most unique chess pieces you have to play with. This horse-like piece can move in strange L shapes and is the only chess piece that is allowed to jump over other chess pieces according to official chess rules. The knight's movement is rather different from other pieces as it moves in an L shape; either 2 squares forward, backward, left, or right and then 1 square left or right. This special jumping feature can make the knight a very useful chess piece, especially at the start of the game. The king has a small range of movement and may move only 1 square in any direction so long as it move doesn’t leave the moving side in check and the destination square isn’t currently occupied by a friendly piece. The king is not allowed to jump. Although the queen is a lot more mobile, she may not jump any pieces like the knight piece can. However, she may slide any number of squares in any direction. The queen’s destination square can either be empty or occupied by one of the opponent’s piece. The move mustn’t leave the moving side’s King in check. The rook has quite a wide range and may slide any number of squares either horizontally or vertically but may not jump pieces. As usual, the destination square must be either empty or occupied by an opposing piece. None of the rook’s moves must leave the moving side in check. The bishop piece may slide any number of squares in a diagonal direction but may not jump pieces. The destination square must be empty or occupied by an opposing piece. The move must not leave the moving side in check. The chess pawn is often in the line of fire because it may only move 1 square forward as long as its destination square is empty. The pawn may move 2 squares on its first move if there are 2 squares open, as pawns are also not allowed to jump over other pieces. The pawn can only capture a piece that is 1 square diagonally in front of it and the move mustn’t leave the moving side in check. One exception to the pawn moving rules is the en passant rule. If you are looking for chess variant that allows for a bit more jumping, with pieces other than knights, you can always try jumping chess. In this variant, queens, rooks and bishops can choose to jump over one intervening chess piece of either color. Jumping Chess is a Chess Variant where captures are made by jumping over a piece, as in Checkers. The standard chess array is used, but in order to avoid many un-captured pieces at the edge of the board, 2 extra ranks and 2 extra files are added.
Yangon -LRB- ရန က န , MLCTS rankun mrui , -LSB- jàɴɡòʊɴ mjo̰ -RSB- ; formerly known as Rangoon , literally : `` End of Strife '' -RRB- is the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar , also known as Burma . Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006 , when the military government relocated the capital to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw in central Myanmar . With over 7 million people , Yangon is Myanmar 's largest city and is its most important commercial centre . Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in the region , and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact . The colonial-era commercial core is centred around the Sule Pagoda , which reputed to be over 2,000 years old . The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda -- Myanmar 's most sacred Buddhist pagoda . The mausoleum of the last Mughal Emperor is located in Yangon , where he had been exiled following the Indian Mutiny of 1857 . Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure , especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia . Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon , most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure .
Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench[1] is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, an average of 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the east of the Mariana Islands, in the Western Pacific East of Philippines. It is a crescent-shaped scar in the Earth's crust, and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide on average. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± 40 metres [130 ft]) at a small slot-shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep, at its southern end,[2] although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11,034 metres (36,201 ft).[3] For comparison - if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) underwater. In 2009, Marianas Trench was established as a United States National Monument[4].
The Divergent Series is a feature film series based on the Divergent novels by the American author Veronica Roth . Distributed by Summit Entertainment and Lionsgate Films , the series consists of four science fiction films set in a dystopian society . They have been produced by Lucy Fisher , Pouya Shabazian , and Douglas Wick and star Shailene Woodley and Theo James as lead characters Beatrice Prior -LRB- Tris -RRB- and Tobias Eaton -LRB- Four -RRB- , respectively . The supporting cast includes Ansel Elgort , Zoë Kravitz and Miles Teller . The first film in the series was directed by Neil Burger , while the second and third films were directed by Robert Schwentke . Development began in 2011 following Summit 's acquisition of the film rights to the Divergent novel in partnership with production company Red Wagon Entertainment . The studios announced production on the sequel following the first film 's strong performance in Thursday late-night screenings , where it grossed $ 4.9 million . They acquired film rights to the Allegiant novel in December 2013 , deciding in April 2014 to split the third novel into a two-part film adaptation . The first installment , Divergent -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , grossed over $ 288 million worldwide , while the second installment , The Divergent Series : Insurgent -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , grossed over $ 297 million worldwide . Insurgent was also the first Divergent film to be released in IMAX 3D . The third installment , The Divergent Series : Allegiant -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , grossed $ 179 million . The first three films of the series have grossed over $ 765 million worldwide .
What is Acupuncture? Live Science Health Reference: What is Acupuncture? By Elizabeth Palermo, Associate Editor \| June 21, 2017 10:30pm ETMORECredit: Bork/Shutterstock Acupuncture is a complementary medical practice that entails stimulating certain points on the body, most often with a needle penetrating the skin, to alleviate pain or to help treat various health conditions. Developed millennia ago in China, numerous recent studies conducted by scientists in Europe and the United States have found that acupuncture is at least moderately effective in treating pain and nausea. For example, one of the largest studies to date on acupuncture and chronic pain — a meta-analysis of 29 well-conducted studies involving nearly 18,000 patients and published in October 2012 in the Archives of Internal Medicine — found that acupuncture is effective for treating chronic pain and therefore is a reasonable referral option. The doctors wrote that " [s]ignificant differences between true and sham acupuncture indicate that acupuncture is more than a placebo" but added that "these differences are relatively modest. "Researchers are also conducting studies to determine if acupuncture is effective at treating depression, anxiety and a variety of cancer and cancer treatment-related symptoms, according to Dr. Ting Bao, an integrative medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Most doctors outside of the practice of traditional Chinese medicine are not convinced that acupuncture can treat specific diseases, such as diabetes or liver or kidney diseases, as is prescribed by some practitioners in China, according to Bao, who focuses on the use of acupuncture as a complementary treatment for breast cancer patients. "Right now acupuncture is really used to alleviate cancer treatment-induced side effects or cancer-induced symptoms, but never to directly treat cancer," Bao told Live Science. "It would be really interesting to see if acupuncture can help prevent cancer. But I don't think the research has reached that level yet. "How acupuncture is said to work Acupuncture dates back to at least 100 B. C., which is when an organized system of diagnosis and treatment using needles was first described in writing in China. However, the practice likely precedes this written history, according to Dr. Edzard Ernst, a research physician specializing in the study of complementary and alternative medicine. But the modern practice of acupuncture has changed considerably since it was first introduced in China, according to David W. Ramey and Bernard E. Rollin, who describe the evolution of acupuncture in their book " Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine Considered " (Wiley-Blackwell, 2003). By the 18 th century, acupuncture looked much different than the practices described in ancient Chinese texts. And by the early 20 th century, aspiring doctors at the Chinese Imperial Medical Academy no longer studied acupuncture, according to the authors. However, during the so-called Great Leap Forward of the 1950s and the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, China's communist leader, Mao Zedong, began actively promoting acupuncture and other traditional medical treatments as "pragmatic solutions to providing health care to a vast population that was terribly undersupplied with doctors," the authors write. There is no evidence to suggest that this revival of the ancient practice of acupuncture resulted in improved health for Chinese citizens, according to the authors. In traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture is linked to the belief that disease is caused by disruptions to the flow of energy, or qi, in the body. Acupuncture stimulates points on or under the skin called acupuncture points or acupressure points, releasing this qi. The qi then travels through channels called meridians, according to the Center for Spirituality & Healing at the University of Minnesota. But the acupuncture treatments carried out in hospitals and other health care facilities in the West today are not based on the same principles that were established in ancient Eastern texts, according to Bao. Western scientists have been trying to study the mechanism of acupuncture for years and have come up with several hypotheses, she said. "One major hypothesis is that acupuncture works through neurohormonal pathways. Basically, you put the needle through specific points in the body and stimulate the nerve. The nerve actually sends signals to the brain, and the brain releases neural hormones such as beta-Endorphins. By doing that, the patient may feel euphoric, or happy, and this increases the pain threshold and they feel less pain," Bao said. Kylie Study, an acupuncturist and traditional Chinese medicine practitioner at Beaumont Hospital, agrees that current research shows that acupuncture probably excites the biochemical responses in the human body via the nerves. Acupuncture itself doesn't directly release feel-good chemicals that can aid in inflammation, stress, and so forth, according to Study, but it works higher up the chain such as affecting the pituitary gland to produce the extra hormones. Another hypothesis is that acupuncture works by reducing pro-inflammatory markers, or proteins, in the body. Some animal and human studies suggest that by doing acupuncture, you can significantly decrease these pro-inflammatory markers — including TNF and IL-1β — which decreases inflammation and reduces pain, Bao said. One such spot is just below the knee (known as stomach 36), according to Study. This point is used in a wide variety of treatments that involve inflammation anywhere in the body, as well as for increasing energy and the immune system, which in turn also help to decrease inflammation. Yet another hypothesis applies specifically to how acupuncture can be used to treat nerve damage, such as chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy, a condition that often causes numbness or weakness in the feet and hands. "The idea is that by putting the needle in, you stimulate the brain to secrete some nerve growth factor, and then that helps the nerve to regenerate," Bao said. A model identifies acupuncture points in the head. Credit: hjschneider Shutterstock Acupuncture is also commonly used in conjunction with other fertility treatments. Study said that acupuncture actually increases the effectiveness of many common drugs that are taken to increase fertility by naturally increasing the hormone levels that travel to the ovaries. There has been increased research on women who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), for example, and who have difficulties getting pregnant due to the syndrome. A summary of several articles between 2006 and 2014 on this topic by Health CMI found that acupuncture can help balance out hormones, such as lowering testosterone levels and regulating ovulation, all of which lead to as much as a 33 percent increased chance of a successful pregnancy. A study published in 2017 by Sean Grand, et al., is using acupuncture to help treat people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study found that acupuncture might help with some side effects of PTSD, such as depression, especially when treated soon after diagnosis. The researchers do recommend that even though the research is promising, it is relatively new, and much more research is still needed before promoting acupuncture as one of the treatments for those with PTSD. A 2017 paper by researchers in Germany and Switzerland studied the effects of acupuncture on patients with allergic asthma. The researchers showed through a large, randomized trial that acupuncture added to the patient's routine did significantly improve asthma symptoms within the three-month trial period. One limitation to the study, however, was that patients and practitioners weren't blinded to the study so there may be an element of bias in the results. Limitations and misconceptions Increasingly, mainstream doctors and medical institutions are accepting the practice of acupuncture, particularly for treatment of pain and nausea. A 2013 review, for example, found that acupuncture could reduce vomiting and nausea among patients receiving chemotherapy, according to Cancer Research UK . Research is ongoing into whether acupuncture can also help with other cancer treatment-related symptoms, including hot flashes, peripheral neuropathy and lymphoedema (swelling of the arm or hand), according to Bao. The World Health Organization maintains an extensive list of diseases and conditions (mostly pain related) possibly treatable by acupuncture. Many doctors now do not discourage their patients from receiving acupuncture when conventional medicine fails them or when convention treatment entails too many adverse side effects. There is a growing body of research exploring whether acupuncture also can be used to treat depression, sleep disturbances and drug addiction. In general, however, acupuncture is considered complementary to conventional treatments, and it is likely most effective when implemented along with certain healthy lifestyle habits, according to Bao. Study also uses acupuncture to aid in anxiety, gastrointestinal issues, weight loss, infertility, and chronic pain, in which she specializes. According to Study, acupuncture has been shown to work very well in conjunction with medications and other treatments to greatly increase their effects. "Usually, when people are more health conscious, they pay attention to diet, they exercise more, they think about a mind-body approach to decrease stress, and they might also use acupuncture. Ideally, I think these things should all come together, rather than having the goal be to use acupuncture to treat everything. That doesn't necessarily work," Bao said. Additional reporting by Christopher Wanjek and Rachel Ross, Live Science Contributors Additional resources The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health's page on acupuncture. Memorial Sloan Kettering's comprehensive site on the use of acupuncture as a complementary treatment option. The National Cancer Institute's overview on the use of acupuncture in cancer treatment. You'd Also Like Can Acupuncture Treat Women's Health Issues? Studies Find Mixed Results Live Science X-Ray Reveals Hundreds of Gold Needles in Woman's Knees Live Science Does Acupuncture Work? Live Science What is Reiki? Live Science Latest on What is Acupuncture? \| Does Acupuncture Work? Live Bee Sting 'Acupuncture' Triggers Lethal Allergic Reaction These Bears Got Fishy Bandages After a Wildfire Burned Their Paws Why a Woman's Wrists Glowed with Gold Filaments on an X-Ray Can Acupuncture Treat Women's Health Issues? Studies Find Mixed Results Acupuncture Causes Bacterial Infection in Rare Case X-Ray Reveals Hundreds of Gold Needles in Woman's Knees More from Live Science Late to Bed, Early to Die? Night Owls May Die Sooner Gallbladder: Function, Problems & Healthy Diet Here's What Causes Some People's Bones to 'Drip' Like Candle Wax Synthetic Marijuana Tainted with Rat Poison Linked to 3 Deaths This 'Disappearing' Optical Illusion Proves Your Brain Is Too Smart for Its Own Good After Death, Your Microbiome Could Still Help the Living If You Want Your Friend to Vaccinate Their Kids, Don't Try to Change Their Mind This Pouched Rat Can Sniff Out Tuberculosis in Kids Author Bio Elizabeth Palermo, Associate Editor Elizabeth is an associate editor at Live Science who writes about science and technology. She graduated with a B. A. from the George Washington University. Elizabeth has traveled throughout the Americas, studying political systems and indigenous cultures and teaching English to students of all ages. Elizabeth Palermo, Associate Editor on
Park ranger A park ranger, park warden, or forest ranger is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving parklands – national, state, provincial, or local parks. "Parks" may be broadly defined by some systems in this context, and include protected culturally or historically important built environments, and is not limited to the natural environment. Different countries use different names for the position. Warden is the favored term in Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Within the United States, the National Park Service refers to the position as a park ranger. The U.S. Forest Service refers to the position as a forest ranger. Other countries use the term park warden or game warden to describe this occupation. The profession includes a number of disciplines and specializations, and park rangers are often required to be proficient in more than one.
MANDOLIN PICKGUARD MANDOLIN PICKGUARD Mandolin Pickguard pickguard a very thin plate (usually made of synthetic material) glued to the soundboard below the treble side of the soundhole, ostensibly to protect the finish from scratches and gouges (some manufacturers put pickguards on both sides of the soundhole). Also called a scratchplate, a thin covering screwed or glued to the top of a guitar to protect the guitar from picks and fingernails. Comes in a variety of colors and styles. Often cracked around the screw holes on vintage guitars. A pickguard (also known as scratchplate or golpeador in Flamenco music, and uncommonly, a fingerrest) is a piece of plastic or other laminated material that is placed under the strings on the body of a guitar, mandolin or similar plucked string instrument. mandolin A musical instrument resembling a lute, having paired metal strings plucked with a plectrum. It is played with a characteristic tremolo on long sustained notes a stringed instrument related to the lute, usually played with a plectrum A mandoline (, ) is a cooking utensil used for slicing and for cutting juliennes; with proper attachments, it can make crinkle-cuts. It consists of two parallel working surfaces, one of which can be adjusted in height. A mandolin (mandolino) is a musical instrument in the lute family (plucked, or strummed). It descends from the mandore, a soprano member of the lute family. mandolin pickguard - Steve Miller Steve Miller Band Fly Like an Eagle Signed Autographed Mandolin Loa This beautiful hand signed item comes guaranteed with Lifetime Certificate of Authenticity Coa/Loa and Lifetime Authenticity Guarantee. This will make a excellent addition to any collection and comes with our satisfaction guarantee. The picture represents the exact item being sold. Signature's are hand signed by the named celebrity. We offer 3 styles of frames for $30 email before ordering to specify frame color style preference and we will include a frame with your order. Orders are shipped promptly the next business day, expedited and next day shipping available. Packages are packed and shipped with care to ensure a safe arrival at your destination Thank you for shopping our Amazon Store. This thing is pretty. Still got the original finish. the orig pickguard is long gone however. Blue comet mandolin
While â19 Kids and Countingâ viewers will be treated to news of the newest Duggar arrival later this month, fans will have to wait until the fall to get a glimpse of Jessaâs baby. The newlywed is due to welcome her first child with husband Ben Seewald on Nov. 1. The date also marks their one-year wedding anniversary.
Nothing is sadder than the death of an illusion Quote Meaning: You expect things to go in a certain way, but in reality things may turn out to be happen the opposite. You will be scattered when your expectations are destroyed. When People fall in love, they are under the illusion that it ill end up in marriage. But it may not be possible in reality. There is nothing sadder that when you encounter the death of that illusion. Main Topic: Sad Quotes. Related Topics: Nothing, Illusion, Death. Nothing is more sad than the death of an illusion.
While 800-642-4241 is La Quinta Inns & Suites's best toll-free number, there are 3 total ways to get in touch with them. The next best way to talk to their customer support team, according to other La Quinta Inns & Suites customers, is by calling their 866-235-8814 phone number for their New Customer Concierge department.
Bilirubin -LRB- formerly referred to as haematoidin and discovered by Rudolf Virchow in 1847 -RRB- is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates . This catabolism is a necessary process in the body 's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged red blood cells . First the hemoglobin gets stripped of the heme molecule which thereafter passes through various processes of porphyrin catabolism , depending on the part of the body in which the breakdown occurs . For example , the molecules excreted in the urine differ from those in the feces . The production of biliverdin from heme is the first major step in the catabolic pathway , after which the enzyme biliverdin reductase performs the second step , producing bilirubin from biliverdin . Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine , and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases . It is responsible for the yellow color of bruises and the yellow discoloration in jaundice . Its subsequent breakdown products , such as stercobilin , cause the brown color of feces . A different breakdown product , urobilin , is the main component of the straw-yellow color in urine . It has also been found in plants .
Charles Francis "Chuck" Feeney (born April 23, 1931) is an Irish-American businessman and philanthropist and the founder of The Atlantic Philanthropies, one of the largest private foundations in the world. He made his fortune as a co-founder of the Duty Free Shoppers Group, which pioneered the concept of duty-free shopping. Feeney gave away his fortune in secret for many years, until a business dispute resulted in his identity being revealed in 1997. Over the course of his life, Feeney has given away more than $8 billion.
The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the third and final installment in The Hangover trilogy . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Justin Bartha , and Ken Jeong . The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor , Heather Graham , Mike Epps , Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin . The film follows the `` Wolfpack '' -LRB- Phil , Stu , Doug , and Alan -RRB- as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis . However , things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them . The Hangover Part III was announced days before the release of The Hangover Part II and Mazin , who co-wrote Part II , was brought on board . In January 2012 , the principal actors re-signed to star . In March 2012 , Warner Bros. announced a U.S. Memorial Weekend release . The supporting roles were cast between June and September 2012 . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Nogales , Arizona and Las Vegas , Nevada . The film was released on May 23 , 2013 .
Average Stater Bros Markets Inc. hourly pay ranges from approximately $7.25 per hour for Clerk to $21.67 per hour for Truck Driver. The average Stater Bros Markets Inc. salary ranges from approximately $14,500 per year for Courtesy Associate to $55,565 per year for Retail Assistant Manager. Salary information comes from 240 data points collected directly from employees, users, and past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 12 months.
Mercure Hotel Amsterdam Schiphol Terminal is an unique 3-star hotel at Schiphol Airport, located behind customs in the transit area in Lounge 3. To stay at the hotel, you need a valid passport and a ticket for the same or next day. Both day and night rooms are available. Schiphol is renovating until December 2015.
Torque \| Define Torque at Dictionary.com torque noun 1. Mechanics. something that produces or tends to produce torsion or rotation; the moment of a force or system of forces tending to cause rotation. 2. Machinery. the measured ability of a rotating element, as of a gear or shaft, to overcome turning resistance. 3. Optics. the rotational effect on plane-polarized light passing through certain liquids or crystals. 4. Also, torc . a collar, necklace, or similar ornament consisting of a twisted narrow band, usually of precious metal, worn especially by the ancient Gauls and Britons. verb (used with object), torqued, torquing. 5. Machinery. to apply torque to (a nut, bolt, etc.). 6. to cause to rotate or twist. verb (used without object), torqued, torquing. 7.
Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune.[d] Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 AU (4.5 billion km). It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol ♆, a stylised version of the god Neptune's trident.
Christopher Hitchens Hitchens died of hospital-acquired pneumonia on 15 December 2011 in the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, aged 62. In accordance with his wishes, his body was donated to medical research. "Mortality", a collection of seven of Hitchen's "Vanity Fair" essays about his illness, was published posthumously in September 2012.
Ciliary muscle The ciliary muscle /ˈsɪli.ɛəri/ is a ring of smooth muscle[2][3] in the eye's middle layer (vascular layer) that controls accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour into Schlemm's canal. It changes the shape of the lens within the eye, not the size of the pupil which is carried out by the sphincter pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae.[citation needed]
Disney Infinity is an action-adventure sandbox video game developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios. It was announced on January 15, 2013 and developed for approximately $100 million. The game uses collectible figurines that are then synchronized with the game, unlocking characters from Disney and Pixar properties that interact and go on adventures. The game was released for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, Wii U, and Nintendo 3DS in August 2013. A PC version of Toy Box was also released on November 14, 2013. The second edition, "", was released on September 23, 2014. The third edition, "Disney Infinity 3.0", was released on August 30, 2015, and introduced support for the Apple TV. On May 10, 2016, Disney announced on the Disney Interactive website that they were discontinuing production, with three characters from "Alice Through the Looking Glass" and a "Finding Dory" playset being the last releases for the platform.
The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Greatest Show on Earth ( 1952 ) Not Rated \| The dramatic lives of trapeze artists, a clown, and an elephant trainer are told against a background of circus spectacle. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 25 titles created 14 Jun 2011 a list of 22 titles created 01 Aug 2011 a list of 45 titles created 16 Dec 2011 a list of 42 titles created 14 Dec 2014 a list of 29 titles created 20 Feb 2015 Title: The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) 6.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 2 Oscars. Another 4 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards » Photos A Victorian Englishman bets that with the new steamships and railways he can circumnavigate the globe in eighty days. Directors: Michael Anderson, John Farrow Stars: David Niven, Cantinflas, Finlay Currie At the turn of the century in a Welsh mining village, the Morgans, he stern, she gentle, raise coal-mining sons and hope their youngest will find a better life. Director: John Ford Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Director: Carol Reed A misogynistic and snobbish phonetics professor agrees to a wager that he can take a flower girl and make her presentable in high society. Director: George Cukor Edit Storyline To ensure a full profitable season, circus manager Brad Braden engages The Great Sebastian, though this moves his girlfriend Holly from her hard-won center trapeze spot. Holly and Sebastian begin a dangerous one-upmanship duel in the ring, while he pursues her on the ground. Subplots involve the secret past of Buttons the Clown and the efforts of racketeers to move in on the game concessions. Let the show begin! Written by Rod Crawford <puffinus@u.washington.edu> Academy Award winner "Best Picture"! See more » Genres: May 1952 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Cecil B. DeMille's The Greatest Show on Earth See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The first movie that Steven Spielberg ever saw. His father took him to the theater, promising him a trip to the circus. He was six years old at the time. See more » Goofs The Walt Disney characters are seen getting their costume heads prior to the parade. When the characters are seen on parade inside the tent, they are in different costumes to what they were wearing when they got the heads. See more » Quotes [while Sebastian was speaking, romantically to Holly, Ruth, an elephant, was directed by Angel to pick up and take Holly away, from Sebastian, to Brad] Sebastian : [Sebastian, speaking French] Qu'est-ce qu'al y a? Holly : Let me go. Sebastian. Angel : Never try to take anything from an elephant. Holly : Sebastian, do something! Sebastian : A lion I fight for you, a tiger! But the red-headed wildcat with an elephant, no. [then he chuckled, with a big grin] Holly : You make this two-tailed jackass put me down. [...] O Come All Ye Faithful (Adeste Fideles) (ca 1743) (uncredited) Music attributed to John Reading (16??) Played during the parade around the rings "Ladies and Gentlemen and Children of All Ages.........." 18 September 2005 \| by bkoganbing (Buffalo, New York) – See all my reviews The Greatest Show on Earth is a Cecil B. DeMille extravaganza, maybe the best one he ever produced and directed. Unlike his religious films or his historical films, this film is a nice tribute to an American institution, the Ringling Brothers&Barnum&Bailey Circus and as such it does not attract
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas. It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise. Harrison Ford reprises the title role and Sean Connery plays Indiana's father, Henry Jones, Sr. Other cast members featured include Alison Doody, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover, River Phoenix, and John Rhys-Davies. In the film, set largely in 1938, Indiana searches for his father, a Holy Grail scholar, who has been kidnapped by Nazis.
There is a widely-held perception that the Democratic Party and the Republican Party are drastically different in their policy, proposals, philosophy of government, and general modus operandi. While there are certainly some significant differences between the two parties, the number of similarities are astounding.A few months ago on IVN, Wes Messamore explored the similarities between the two major party candidates, Barack Obama and Mitt Romney.epublicans and Democrats agree that the government needs more money. 98. This Gallup poll suggests that many Americans â 46 percent of those polled â believe that a third party is needed because the Republican and Democratic parties are not doing an adequate job of representing the people. 99.
Ozell "Hoppy" Jones (November 20, 1960 – September 7, 2006) was a professional basketball player. Born in Long Beach, California, he was listed at 6 ft and weighed 235 lbs. Jones first played collegiate ball with the Wichita State University (1979–1981) and helped the Shockers reach the Elite 8 in his second year. He later transferred to Cal State Fullerton to play for the Titans in 1982-1984. He entered the 1984 NBA Draft and was chosen in the fourth round (90th pick overall) by the San Antonio Spurs. On October 24, 1985, Jones was waived by the Spurs. He later signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Clippers on March 31, 1986 but played only three games. After his stint in the NBA, Jones first played overseas in Italy (1986–1987) then spent the rest of his professional career playing in the CBA for the Cincinnati Slammers (1986–1987), Quad City Thunder (1987–1988), Tulsa Fast Breakers (1989–1990) and Tri-City Chinook (1993–1994). He also participated in the USBL with two stints for the Miami Tropics in 1987 and 1988. After retiring, Jones operated a big and tall men's clothing store in Lancaster, California.
Protestantism spread in Europe during the 16th century. Lutheranism spread from Germany into its surrounding areas,[c] Denmark,[d] Norway,[e] Sweden,[f] Finland,[g] Prussia,[h] Latvia,[i], Estonia,[j] and Iceland,[k] as well as other smaller territories. Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjacent regions,[l] Hungary,[m] the Netherlands,[n] Scotland,[o] Switzerland,[p] and France[q] by such reformers as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox. Arminianism[r] gained supporters in the Netherlands and parts of Germany. In 1534, King Henry VIII put an end to all papal jurisdiction in England[s] after the Pope failed to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon; this opened the door to reformational ideas, notably during the following reign of Edward VI, through Thomas Cranmer, Richard Hooker, Matthew Parker and other theologians. There were also reformational efforts throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation—a response to perceived corruption in both the Roman Catholic Church and the expanding Magisterial Reformation led by Luther and various other reformers—which gave rise to Anabaptist, Moravian, and other Pietistic movements. In later centuries, Protestants developed their own culture, which made major contributions in education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy and the arts, and other fields.
TV SHOWS U to V \| TVH TV Shows U to V W » UFO (1970) Gerry and Sylvia Anderson's first full attempt at real-life action was much more adult orientated than their previous offerings. Under threat from a mysterious green skinned, liquid breathing alien race, Earth set up SHADO (Supreme Headquarters, Alien Defence Organisation) under the leadership of former USAF commander Ed Straker. Not wishing to cause wide spread panic amongst the public, SHADO's secret headquarters was buried deep below the Harlington-Straker film studios on the outskirts of London. From here, Straker, assisted by Colonel Alec Freeman , Captain Peter Carlin, and Colonel Paul Foster, ran operations and kept in touch with the planet's first line of defence which was situated on Moonbase, where response to an alien attack came in the form of typical Anderson gadgetry, namely the Interceptor Spacecraft. If this line of defence were breached then SHADO could still call on Skydivers, nuclear crafts capable of either underwater or aerial combat. The organisations female staff were clad in white cat suits and had purple hair, the most famous of them being Gabrielle Drake and Wanda Ventham. The series was developed by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and Reg Hill in the autumn of 1968 while production of the mostly forgotten puppet series The Secret Service was still in progress. The Anderson's were also completing production on their first live-action feature film Doppelganger. Around that time ATV supremo Lew Grade agreed to finance UFO to the tune of £100,000 per episode. Filmed over a period of 18 months the series used the facilities offered by three studios starting with the MGM British Studios in Boreham Wood followed by the Anderson's own Century 21 Studios in Slough and finally to ATV's Elstree Studios. Towards the end of 1969 MGM decided to close down the Boreham Wood studios and production on UFO came to an enforced halt. By that time only 17 episodes of the 26 had been completed and it wasn't until May 1970 that the production of the full run was finally finished. UFO had all the elements for a successful series; a good strong storyline, plenty of action and the wonderful Anderson models. Where the show failed was in the uncertainty of programme schedulers who couldn't make up their mind if the series should be aimed at children or adults, and as a result it meandered between Saturday morning and late night 'graveyard' slots until, eventually, a planned second season was cancelled to make way for the Andersons' next project, Space 1999. Links: DVD Availibility: UKRIDGE (1968) Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge is a fictional character from the short stories and novels of P. G. Wodehouse. And while Ukbridge (pronounced Ewkridge) never enjoyed the same popularity as Bertie Wooster and Jeeves here was another of the author's amiable eccentric characters from the 1920s bought to life in exemplary style by the BBC. Ukridge is a bounder, a schemer and an outrageous conman who will do anything for financial gain - as long as it doesn't involve working. He is an opportunist who never passes up a chance to exploit any kindness shown to him. And yet, as with so many other television rogues down the years, the viewing public took him straight to their collective heart, due in no small part to the amiable performance of Anton Rodgers in the lead role, suitably accompanied by Julian Holloway as his chum, Corky, and Marian Spencer as Aunt Julia. Richard Waring adapted Wodehouse's scripts for television. Wodehouse must have retained a certain fondness for him; his last appearance in a Wodehouse story being was as late as 1966. Links: DVD Availibility: UNDERMIND (1965) Undermind was a very unusual British science fiction thriller series for its time in that there wasn't a rocket, flying saucer or extraterrestrial to appear at all over the course of its run. Over its eleven episodes Undermind told a story about alien subversion where an alien force, that was never identified by name or location, sought to establish a foothold in Britain by undermining society and morale. Th
Although its PlayStation predecessors had been very dominant against the competition and were hugely profitable for Sony, PlayStation 3 had an inauspicious start, and Sony chairman and CEO Sir Howard Stringer initially could not convince investors of a turnaround in its fortunes. The PS3 lacked the unique gameplay of the more affordable Wii which became that generation's most successful console in terms of units sold. Furthermore, PS3 had to compete directly with Xbox 360 which had a market head start, and as a result the platform no longer had exclusive titles that the PS2 enjoyed such as the Grand Theft Auto and Final Fantasy series (regarding cross-platform games, Xbox 360 versions were generally considered superior in 2006, although by 2008 the PS3 versions had reached parity or surpassed), and it took longer than expected for PS3 to enjoy strong sales and close the gap with Xbox 360. Sony also continued to lose money on each PS3 sold through 2010, although the redesigned "slim" PS3 has cut these losses since then.
Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? China Why Did China Lease Hong Kong to Britain? Hong Kong Harbor, taken sometime between 1900 and 1923, during British control of the island. Library of Congress Prints and Photos By Kallie Szczepanski Updated March 16, 2016. The short answer to that question is that China lost Hong Kong to Great Britain in the Opium Wars , and later leased adjacent territories to the British under duress. Britain's reign over Hong Kong dates back to the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, which ended the First Opium War . But what is the longer answer? Nineteenth-century Britain had an insatiable appetite for Chinese tea. However, the Qing Dynasty and its subjects did not want to buy anything that the British produced. The government of Queen Victoria did not want to use up any more of the country's reserves of gold or silver in buying tea, so it decided to forcibly export opium from the Indian Subcontinent to China. The opium would then be exchanged for tea. China's government, not too surprisingly, objected to the large-scale importation of narcotics into their country by a foreign power. When just banning opium imports did not work, because British merchants simply smuggled the drug into China, the Qing government took more direct action. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World In 1839, Chinese officials destroyed 20,000 bales of opium. This move provoked Britain to declare war in order to protect its illegal drug-smuggling operations. The First Opium War lasted from 1839 to 1842. Britain occupied the island of Hong Kong on January 25, 1841, and used it as a military staging point. China was defeated in the war, and had to cede Hong Kong to Britain in the aforementioned Treaty of Nanking. Hong Kong became a Crown Colony of the British Empire . Status Changes of Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories At this point, you may be wondering, "Wait a minute, Britain just grabbed Hong Kong. Where did the lease come in, then?" The British grew increasingly worried about the security of their free port at Hong Kong during the second half of the 19th century. It was an isolated island, surrounded by areas still under Chinese control. The British decided to make their authority over the area official with a legally binding lease. In 1860, at the end of the Second Opium War, the UK gained a perpetual lease over the Kowloon Peninsula, which is the mainland Chinese area just across the strait from Hong Kong Island. This agreement was part of the Convention of Beijing that ended that conflict. In 1898, the British and Chinese governments signed the Second Convention of Peking, which included a 99-year lease agreement for the islands surrounding Hong Kong, called the "New Territories." The lease awarded control of more than 200 surrounding small islands to the British. In return, China got a promise that the islands would be returned to it after 99 years. On December 19, 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which Britain agreed to return not only the New Territories but also Kowloon and Hong Kong itself when the lease term expired. China promised to implement a "One Country, Two Systems" regime, under which for fifty years Hong Kong citizens could continue to practice capitalism and political freedoms forbidden on the mainland. So, on July 1, 1997, the lease ended and the government of Great Britain transferred control of Hong Kong and surrounding territories to the People's Republic of China . The transition has been more or less smooth, although human rights issues and Beijing's desire for greater political control cause considerable friction from time to time.
The Symbols Menu. Open Word and a new or existing document. Type the word needing a macron. Highlight the letter needing a macron and click the Insert tab. Click Symbol.. Click on More Symbols.. In the Symbol dialog box, click the Symbols tab. You have to use the numeric keypad to type the numbers. 2 See Penn State's Polynesian Languages with Long Marks for a list of the numeric keypad shortcuts. 3 Add frequently used macrons to Word's Building Blocks by highlighting the content you want to use often, then click the Insert tab.
iO , or iO Chicago , -LRB- formerly known as `` ImprovOlympic '' -RRB- is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago , with a branch in Los Angeles called iO West . The theater both teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy . It was founded in 1981 by the late Del Close and Charna Halpern . The theater has many notable alumni , including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert .
A covalent bond is a chemical bond between two nonmetals (two metals cannot covalently bond) in which electrons are shared, while an ionic bond is a chemical bond between a me â¦ tal and a non metal due to the attraction between oppositely charged ions. 13 people found this useful. Blu WikiAnswers. 518,948 Contributions.
On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.
95 Theses Martin Luther nailed to the Wittenburg church door The 95 Theses Martin Luther nailed to the Wittenburg church door 1. When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said, "Repent" (Mt 4:17), he willed the entire life of believers to be one of repentance. 2. This word cannot be understood as referring to the sacrament of penance, that is, confession and satisfaction, as administered by the clergy. 3. Yet it does not mean solely inner repentance; such inner repentance is worthless unless it produces various outward mortification of the flesh. 4. The penalty of sin remains as long as the hatred of self (that is, true inner repentance), namely till our entrance into the kingdom of heaven. 5. The pope neither desires nor is able to remit any penalties except those imposed by his own authority or that of the canons. 6. The pope cannot remit any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it has been remitted by God; or, to be sure, by remitting guilt in cases reserved to his judgment. If his right to grant remission in these cases were disregarded, the guilt would certainly remain unforgiven. 7. God remits guilt to no one unless at the same time he humbles him in all things and makes him submissive to the vicar, the priest. 8. The penitential canons are imposed only on the living, and, according to the canons themselves, nothing should be imposed on the dying. 9. Therefore the Holy Spirit through the pope is kind to us insofar as the pope in his decrees always makes exception of the article of death and of necessity. 10. Those priests act ignorantly and wickedly who, in the case of the dying, reserve canonical penalties for purgatory. 11. Those tares of changing the canonical penalty to the penalty of purgatory were evidently sown while the bishops slept (Mt 13:25). 12. In former times canonical penalties were imposed, not after, but before absolution, as tests of true contrition. 13. The dying are freed by death from all penalties, are already dead as far as the canon laws are concerned, and have a right to be released from them. 14. Imperfect piety or love on the part of the dying person necessarily brings with it great fear; and the smaller the love, the greater the fear. 15. This fear or horror is sufficient in itself, to say nothing of other things, to constitute the penalty of purgatory, since it is very near to the horror of despair. 16. Hell, purgatory, and heaven seem to differ the same as despair, fear, and assurance of salvation. 17. It seems as though for the souls in purgatory fear should necessarily decrease and love increase. 18. Furthermore, it does not seem proved, either by reason or by Scripture, that souls in purgatory are outside the state of merit, that is, unable to grow in love. 19. Nor does it seem proved that souls in purgatory, at least not all of them, are certain and assured of their own salvation, even if we ourselves may be entirely certain of it. 20. Therefore the pope, when he uses the words "plenary remission of all penalties," does not actually mean "all penalties," but only those imposed by himself. 21. Thus those indulgence preachers are in error who say that a man is absolved from every penalty and saved by papal indulgences. 22. As a matter of fact, the pope remits to souls in purgatory no penalty which, according to canon law, they should have paid in this life. 23. If remission of all penalties whatsoever could be granted to anyone at all, certainly it would be granted only to the most perfect, that is, to very few. 24. For this reason most people are necessarily deceived by that indiscriminate and high-sounding promise of release from penalty. 25. That power which the pope has in general over purgatory corresponds to the power which any bishop or curate has in a particular way in his own diocese and parish. 26. The pope does very well when he grants remission to souls in purgatory, not by the power of the keys, which he does not have, but by way of intercession for them. 27. They preach only human doctrines who say that as soon as the money clinks into the money chest, the soul flies
In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.
Mickey Charles Mantle -LRB- October 20 , 1931 -- August 13 , 1995 -RRB- , nicknamed The Commerce Comet and The Mick , was an American professional baseball player . Mantle played his entire Major League Baseball -LRB- MLB -RRB- career with the New York Yankees as a center fielder and first baseman , from 1951 through 1968 . Mantle was one of the best players and sluggers , and is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history . Mantle was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974 and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999 . Mantle was arguably the greatest offensive threat of any center fielder in baseball history . He has the highest career OPS + of any center fielder and he had the highest stolen base percentage in history at the time of his retirement . In addition , compared to the four other center fielders on the all-century team , he had the lowest career rate of grounding into double plays -LRB- by far -RRB- and he had the highest World Series on-base percentage and World Series slugging percentage . He also had an excellent 0.984 fielding percentage when playing center field . Mantle was noted for his ability to hit for both average and power , especially tape measure home runs . He hit 536 MLB career home runs , batted .300 or more ten times , and is the career leader -LRB- tied with Jim Thome -RRB- in walk-off home runs , with a combined thirteen , twelve in the regular season and one in the postseason . Mantle won the Triple Crown in 1956 , leading the major leagues in batting average , home runs , and runs batted in -LRB- RBI -RRB- ; he later wrote a book about his best year in baseball . He was an All-Star for 16 seasons , playing in 16 of the 20 All-Star Games that were played . He was an American League -LRB- AL -RRB- Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- three times and a Gold Glove winner once . Mantle appeared in 12 World Series including seven championships , and holds World Series records for the most home runs -LRB- 18 -RRB- , RBIs -LRB- 40 -RRB- , extra-base hits -LRB- 26 -RRB- , runs -LRB- 42 -RRB- , walks -LRB- 43 -RRB- , and total bases -LRB- 123 -RRB- .
Eagles facing Seahawks for second time with Boston Scott, Greg Ward, other new players filling big roles Show Caption Hide Caption Eagles' Elijah Holyfield on his dad, boxing champ Evander Elijah Holyfield, signed by the Eagles on Tuesday, talks about his famous father; and Carson Wentz on upcoming game vs. Seahawks Martin Frank, The News Journal PHILADELPHIA – When the Eagles played the Seattle Seahawks on Nov. 24, Greg Ward had just been promoted from the practice squad, and Jay Ajayi, not Boston Scott, was the backup running back to Miles Sanders. Mack Hollins was a starting wide receiver, even though he was going on his seventh straight game without a reception. Right tackle Lane Johnson was sitting out with a concussion, and Pro Bowl right guard Brandon Brooks would leave in the first quarter after having an anxiety attack. SON OF A CHAMP: Eagles sign boxing champion Evander Holyfield's son Elijah to play RB with Sanders hurt And quarterback Carson Wentz was playing in his first game without his top three wide receivers as DeSean Jackson was recently put on injured reserve, while Alshon Jeffery and Nelson Agholor were sitting out with injuries. Needless to say, it didn't go well as the Eagles committed five turnovers – four by Wentz with two lost fumbles and two interceptions – in their 17-9 loss. The Eagles fell to 5-7 after losing the following week to Miami. They haven't lost since, winning four straight games despite a brand new cast of skill position players, most of whom the Seahawks haven't seen when the two teams play on Sunday in the NFC Wildcard Round of the playoffs. SEASON SAVIORS: Ranking the Eagles' 10 former practice squad players by their importance "I think it’s been different bodies out there, different guys making the plays, but Coach (Doug Pederson) has been putting together an awesome game plan each week and executing it and calling it really well, so I can just play fast and take what the defense gives me," Wentz said. "And guys have been making plays. I’ve said that over and over now. It’s someone different every week. We saw Boston Scott last week. What was he, the (NFC) offensive player of the week? How cool is that? It’s finding ways to get the ball in playmakers hands and it’s my job to distribute it." SEAHAWKS AGAIN: Eagles to face Seahawks in NFL playoff game, with chance to avenge regular-season loss Scott didn't touch the ball at all in that first game against Seattle. Yet last Sunday against the Giants, Scott took over when Miles Sanders left with an injury in the second quarter and had 138 yards from scrimmage and scored three touchdowns in the Eagles' 34-17 win. It's the same way with Ward. The first game against Seattle was only his second game on a game-day roster after spending parts of each of the last three seasons on the Eagles' practice squad. Ward had his first NFL reception in that game, finishing with 6 catches for 40 yards. He has been the Eagles' leading receiver since, with 28 receptions, along with 254 yards and a touchdown. A week later, Hollins was released, while Jeffery has since gone on injured reserve, and Agholor has missed the last four games. Eagles. Phillies. College and high school sports. Subscribe to Delaware Online to get every story. "Some of the names are different, but the style of play and the way (Pederson) calls the offense and the defense, and how they do their stuff, doesn’t look different," Seahawks coach Pete Carroll said. "Boston Scott is so much in the same vein (as Miles Sanders). They have the same-style type of guys of really exciting football players. They know how to use their guys. We’re just going to expect them to continue to do what they do." But that has taken some time. The Seahawks game was really the first time Wentz was playing with a new set of skill position players. That has continued to evolve as the weeks have gone on. Yet the Eagles have adjusted in must-win games in order to make the playoffs. "We’ve had some moving parts," Scott said. "Guys have gone down. Guys have had to step up. At the end of the day, I feel like Carson has been putting us in good situations. It doesn’t really matter who’s in there. He’s kind of making that thing go. He’s our leader, and we have confidence in him, and he’s been putting us in positions to succeed." In the last few days alone, Brooks went on injured reserve with a shoulder injury; tight end Zach Ertz missed last week's game with hip and back injuries and might not return this week; and Johnson has missed the last three games with a high-ankle sprain, and it's not known if he can return this week, either. Fletcher Cox, Boston Scott after Eagles win over Giants Fletcher Cox had a pivotal fumble recovery at the Giants 2 yard line, while Boston Scott took over at running back to lead the win. Martin Frank, The News Journal In that first game, rookie Andre Dillard, who had played left tackle ever since he began playing football, played right tackle and was benched at halftime for Halapoulivaati Vaitai, and Matt Pryor got into his first-ever NFL game at right guard. Pryor played in the second half against the Giants last Sunday, and would be prepared to start if needed again Sunday. The Seahawks have dealt with a similar situation over the past few weeks, when they lost 3 of their last 4 games. Their top three running backs in Chris Carson (1,230 yards rushing), Rashaad Penny (129 yards rushing vs. the Eagles) and C.J. Prosise have all suffered season-ending injuries. The Seahawks last week signed veteran running back Marshawn Lynch. He hadn't played at all this season until last Sunday night in Seattle's 26-21 loss to San Francisco. "We have to just deal with what’s been dealt to us," Carroll said. "Just make the adjustments and count on the guys to come through and make the plays, and play like the guy who just left. I know (the Eagles) have done a great job of that, overcoming tremendous odds. We’re up against a little bit now. "Obviously, there’s a big survival challenge for both teams." Injury update Both Johnson and Ertz were limited participants in practice Wednesday, which was a walkthrough session. Eagles coach Doug Pederson said Ertz has not been cleared for contact, so unless that changes by Sunday, he won't play. Johnson has missed three straight games with an ankle injury. WR Nelson Agholor, who has missed 5 of the last 6 games with a knee injury, didn't practice. Neither did Sanders. Pederson said a decision on Sanders will be made later in the week. Eagles sign a WR The Eagles placed Brooks on injured reserve Wednesday and signed WR Shelton Gibson. Gibson was the Eagles' fifth-round pick in 2017. He was waived in August, and spent the season on the Cleveland Browns' practice squad. Gibson has 3 career catches for 59 yards in 2017 and 2018. Contact Martin Frank at mfrank@delawareonline.com. Follow on Twitter @Mfranknfl.
Michael Joseph Jackson -LRB- August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 -RRB- was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades . The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres . Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Bad -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Dangerous -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , and HIStory -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer . Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication .
Lily Jane Collins -LRB- born 18 March 1989 -RRB- is a British-American actress and model . The daughter of English musician Phil Collins and an American mother , Jill Tavelman , she was born in Surrey and moved to Los Angeles as a child . Her first screen role was at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains . She went on to study broadcast journalism at the University of Southern California and as a teenager , wrote for Seventeen magazine , Teen Vogue , and The Los Angeles Times . She was named International Model of the Year by Spain 's Glamour magazine after being selected by Chanel to wear one of their gowns at the Hotel de Crillon in 2007 . In 2008 , she was named Newest Red Carpet Correspondent and One to Watch in 2008 . Collins appeared as a guest star on the teen drama television series 90210 in 2009 , followed by her feature film debut in the semi-biographical sports film The Blind Side . She had leading roles in the sci-fi action-horror film Priest -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and the psychological action-thriller film Abduction , and was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Sci-Fi/Fantasy for her role as Snow White in the fantasy film Mirror Mirror . She received wider recognition after taking on the role of Clary Fray in the fantasy film adaptation of Cassandra Clare 's The New York Times best-selling novel , The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , for which she was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Action and an MTV Movie Award . Collins is also known for her roles in independent films , such as the romantic comedy-drama Stuck in Love -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , the romantic comedy The English Teacher -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and the romantic comedy-drama Love , Rosie -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . She won the New Hollywood Film Award and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical or Comedy her role as Marla Mabrey in Rules Do n't Apply -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . In 2017 , her debut novel , Unfiltered : No Shame , No Regrets , Just Me , was released to critical praise . In May 2017 , Lily Collins and Marti Noxon were honoured at Project Heal for their movie To the Bone .
Event management is the application of project management to the creation and development of large scale events such as festivals , conferences , ceremonies , formal parties , concerts , or conventions . It involves studying the brand , identifying it 's target audience , devising the event concept , and coordinating the technical aspects before actually launching the event . The process of planning and coordinating the event is usually referred to as event planning and which can include budgeting , scheduling , site selection , acquiring necessary permits , coordinating transportation and parking , arranging for speakers or entertainers , arranging decor , event security , catering , coordinating with third party vendors , and emergency plans . The events industry now includes events of all sizes from the Olympics down to business breakfast meetings . Many industries , charitable organizations , and interest groups hold events in order to market themselves , build business relationships , raise money , or celebrate achievement .
Leukemia , also spelled leukaemia , is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells . These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells . Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems , feeling tired , fever , and an increased risk of infections . These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells . Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy . The exact cause of leukemia is unknown . Different kinds of leukemia are believed to have different causes . Both inherited and environmental -LRB- non-inherited -RRB- factors are believed to be involved . Risk factors include smoking , ionizing radiation , some chemicals -LRB- such as benzene -RRB- , prior chemotherapy , and Down syndrome . People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk . There are four main types of leukemia -- acute lymphoblastic leukemia -LRB- ALL -RRB- , acute myeloid leukemia -LRB- AML -RRB- , chronic lymphocytic leukemia -LRB- CLL -RRB- and chronic myeloid leukemia -LRB- CML -RRB- -- as well as a number of less common types . Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood , bone marrow , and lymphoid system , known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues . Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy , radiation therapy , targeted therapy , and bone marrow transplant , in addition to supportive care and palliative care as needed . Certain types of leukemia may be managed with watchful waiting . The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person . Outcomes have improved in the developed world . The average five-year survival rate is 57 % in the United States . In children under 15 , the five-year survival rate is greater than 60 to 85 % , depending on the type of leukemia . In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years , the cancer is unlikely to return . In 2015 , leukemia was present in 2.3 million people and caused 353,500 deaths . In 2012 it newly developed in 352,000 people . It is the most common type of cancer in children , with three quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type . However , about 90 % of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults , with AML and CLL being most common in adults . It occurs more commonly in the developed world .
. Last updated: 17-01-2017The Dutch B. V. (hereinafter: "BV') is the most frequently used legal entity in the Netherlands for conducting business activities. Dutch company law has changed effective as per 1 October 2012. As a result thereof the procedure to incorporate a BV has been strongly simplified and the cost of incorporation have significantly reduced. For instance, there is no longer a minimum capital requirement and also the requirement to povide for a bank statement upon incorporation has been abolished. Moreover the BV is still one of the most popular entities to be used as a holding, financing or royalty company in international structures. With the abolishment of the obligatory "blocking clause" on 1 Ocober 2012, the BV will also be a very suitable legal form for an investment fund. Below we will elaborate on the incorporation procedure of a Dutch BV and the services which we can provide to you in this respect. You can find the following information on this webpage: Legal form of a Dutch BVSubstance requirements for a Dutch BVInvolvement public notary Minimum capital requirement for a Dutch BVPre-incorporation period The incorporation procedure of a Dutch BVIdentification Opening bank account Time frame for the incorporation of a Dutch BVRegistration of the BV in the Trade Register Registration with tax authorities Registration, administration and filing requirements of a Dutch BVCost of incorporation What can we do for you ? and How to proceed Legal form of a Dutch BVA "BV' is a private company with limited liability; in Dutch: "Besloten Vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid". In comparison to other jurisdictions, the BV has similar features as the German "Gmb H", the American "LLC", or the English "Ltd". The BV has legal personality and it has an equity divided into shares. A BV can only have registered shares, but these shares can be freely transferable/traded freely (e.g. since 1 October 2012 transfer restrictions are no longer obligatory). The shareholders of a BV are - in general - not personally liable for acts performed in the name or on behalf of the BV, nor can they be obliged to make more funds available than that part of the capital for which they have subscribed. Statutory directors can be held liable for acts of bad management. Since 1 Ocober 2012 statutory directors may also be held liable if the BV makes a disitribution of reserves (dividend) or paid in capital and the BV cannot comply to its financial obligations in the year following the distribution. BVs are allowed to denominate their share capital in another currency than the euro. Special classes of shares are possible, and shares without voting rights or profit rights may be issued. Substance requirement for a Dutch BVThere are no legal requirements for a BV to have substance in the Netherlands. The only legal requirement is is that the BV has a Dutch registered address. From a tax perspective it is highly recommendable to have at least a Dutch registered address and a majority of Dutch resident directors. This is generally perceived as the minimum substance requirement to qualify for treaty benefits. There are parties in the market place which offer domiciliation (registered address) and management services (statutory directors). They can also provide regular bookkeeping services and on-going legal support. See also the page " Management and Trust Services ". We have an extensive network of professional and reliable service providers which render the aforementioned services. We only work with parties who have experience with the international business practice and have proven to deliver quality for money. We can refer you to suitable parties or co-ordinate their input, if you prefer. Involvement public notary The incorporation procedure of a BV requires the involvement of a Dutch public notary. Under normal circumstances the incorporation can be done by proxy, so that personal attendance of the directors or shareholders is not required. We have special arrangements with public notaries for the incorporation of (standard) BV’s, based on fixed prices. We have agreed on “standard” articles of incorporation which provide all standard provisions suitable for acting as an international trading, holding or financing company. The articles will be (and must be) drafted in the Dutch language, but we will provide a translation into English. Minimum capital requirement for a Dutch BVThe minimum capital requirement for a Dutch BV has been abolished per 1 October 2012. Pre-incorporation period As soon as the incorporation procedure is started up, it is already possible to do business in the name of the BV. The BV should then however first be registered as a "BV in incorporation" with the Chamber of Commerce. Until the incorporation procedure is completed the "BV in incorporation" is in fact a branch/partnership of the incorporator (s). On incorporation, the company must ratify all the transactions the founders entered into in the pre-incorporation period. The directors/incorporators are personally and jointly liable for acts performed during the pre-incorporation period until ratification by the BV. The incorporation procedure of a Dutch BVThe following steps are required to incorporate the BV: Step 1: Fee proposal and confirmation fee quote Please contact us if you wish to incorporate a BV. You can use our contact form for this purpose, or you can call us at our offices in Rotterdam +31 (0)10 2010466 or Amsterdam + 31 (0)20 5709440. On the basis of your specific wishes and requirements we will issue a fixed fee quote for the turnk key deliverance of the BV. Before we can start up the incorporation process we will need confirmation that you agree with our fee quote. This can be done by return e-mail. For UBO clearance, we will need to receive information and documentation on the party which we should consider our client. Usually this is the incorporator of the BV. If so, the information and documentation required for the incorporation will cover our needs in this respect. Upon receipt of your approval we will ask you to pay a retainer fee as an advance on the work to be done by us and the public notary. After receipt of this retainer fee we will proceed with step 2. Step 2: Request for required information and documentation We will provide you with a list of information and documentation required to start up the incorporation process. Step 3: Provide draft Powers of Attorney and sign off of incorporation documents After we have processed the required information we will provide you with draft articles of incorporation of the BV and the forms and documents which will need to be provided by you for completion of the incorporation. Step 4: Completion of the incorporation Upon receipt of your approval of the articles and the signed documents/forms referred to above, the BV will be incorporated. Step 5: Registration with the Chamber of Commerce and the Dutch tax office The final step of the incorporation process is the registration of the BV with the Chamber of Commerce and the tax authorities Identification We will require certified/legalized copies of the passports of the future directors of the BV and the incorporator (s) if individuals. If the incorporator and future director are individuals, the legalization can be done at the office of the public notary. If the incoporation is to be done remotely, a thrid party will need to legalize the documents. If the incorporator is a corporation, we will require a legal opinion on the existence of this corporation and the person (director) representing the corporation. Opening bank account For a BV, no minimum capital requirement applies anymore, and hence, the BV does from a legal perspective no longer require a (Dutch) bank account. If you prefer the BV to have a bank account upon incorporation, the followng procedure can be followed. Once the the articles of incorporation are approved by you the BV can be registered with the Chamber of Commerce as a "BV in incorporation" ("BV in oprichting" or "BV i.o"). As soon as the BV i.o. is registered with the Chamber of Commerce, the incorporator/directors can open a bank account for the BV i.o. In the meantime the incorporation can be completed. During the last couple of years banks have become more stringent with regard to the procedure for opening a bank account. It is required that the directors/incorporators attend to the bank in person, identify themselves and fill out the necessary forms. We have close contacts with the major international banks in the Netherlands (like ING, ABN-AMRO, Rabobank, Deutsche Bank)) and we can co-ordinate this procedure for you. Time frame for the incorporation of a Dutch BVThe total incorporation procedure for a Dutch BV can normally be completed in a couple of days. For the entire procedure, including the gathering of necessary information and documentation, in our experience you should consider a period of one to two weeks. We emphasize that an accelerated procedure is possible. As an alternative for an incorporation procedure, one may consider to acquire a shelf company . Registration of the BV in the Trade Register Upon incorporation the BV will be registered in the Trade register of the Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber of Commerce keeps the Trade Register, which contains information about all BVs (and other business entities) incorporated and/or registered in the Netherlands, like statutory name, date of incorporation, registered address, name and authority of directors. It is noted that also the name and address of 100% shareholders is included in the Trade Register. If it is not desired to disclose the identity of the shareholder, it is recommendable to arrange for shares to be held by a Dutch or foreign third party. The information in the Trade Register is freely accessible by the public. In day to day business the Trade Register is an important source of information for possible business partners and it is common practice in the Netherlands that the Trade Register is consulted before doing business. Registration with tax authorities The B. V. needs to be registered with the Dutch tax authorities and also with the social insurance office if any employees are to be hired. The tax registration will in essence be done automatically with the first registration of the BV with the Chamber of Commerce. We can monitor this process for you to ensure proper registration. Registration, administration and filing requirements of a Dutch BVIn essence every Dutch BV has the ongoing obligation to keep and maintain an administration, to register for tax purposes and to file periodical tax returns. The administration forms the basis for the preparation of the annual financial statements according to Dutch GAAP. After the end of the year the General Meeting of Shareholders should approve of the Financial Statements as presented by the board of directors and discharge the board for any liability in this respect. An abbreviated version of the Financial Statements must be filed with the Dutch Chamber of Commerce for publication in the Trade Register. The Trade Register is accessible by the public. It depends on the nature of the activities of the BV for which taxes the BV must be registered and which periodical tax returns need to be filed. Most BVs are subject to Dutch corporate income tax and VAT and, if they have employees, Dutch wage tax. We offer a full compliance package for foreing owned Dutch BVs. Please feel free to contact us if you wish to receive a fee quote for the compliance services required for your BV. You can contact us via e-mail or call us at our office in Rotterdam +31 (0)10 2010466 or Amsterdam + 31 (0)20 5709440 for more information. Cost of incorporation The cost of incorporation depends on various parameters such as volume nominaal capital, number of incorporators/ directors, required special provisions in the articles, etc. The cost of incorporating a standard BV is around € 1,500 to € 2,500 (VAT excluded), which includes English translations of the articles of incorporation/association. We have trusted relationships with various public notaries. We only work with parties who have experience with the international business practice and have proven to deliver quality for money. We can refer you to suitable parties or co-ordinate their input if you prefer. What can we do for you ? and How to proceed We are engaged on a daily basis by non-residents (corporations and individuals) who want to incorporate a Dutch BV. It usually starts with an inventory of the plans for the BV and the potential tax consequences and tax compliance requirements. Once the decision to set up the BV has been taken, we can arrange for proper fee quotes from the other parties whose involvement is requirement (like a trust company for providing domiciliation and management services). To the extent required we can further co-ordinate the input of other parties involved and make sure that the incorporation process goes smoothly and efficiently. Once the BV has been set up we can monitor the tax registration and later handle the tax compliance such as the preparation and filing of VAT returns, the annual corporate income tax returns, etc. The services we provide include: Advice on corporate law and tax issues linked to the incorporation Advice on appropriate legal form Coordinate the incorporation procedure Advice on the tax efficiency of the structure Negotiation of an advance tax ruling Deal with registration requirements Deal with tax compliance matters (filing tax returns, etc)We are gladly prepared to coordinate and to assist you with the incorporation process of your BV and handle associated registration and filing requirements. If you wish to receive more information, please feel free to contact us via e-mail or call us at our office in Rotterdam +31 (0)10 2010466 or Amsterdam + 31 (0)20 5709440 for more information. We make time for you!
Belmond Copacabana Palace Rio's brightest star is always in style An art deco masterpiece, Belmond Copacabana Palace is the crown jewel on the world's most iconic beach Since its doors swung open in 1923, this landmark hotel has entertained the rich and the famous. A hive of activity, this is the spot to mix with Brazil’s elite over caipirinhas. What’s more, it’s the best seat in the house for Rio’s theatrical highlights: the spirited spring carnival and firework-flecked new year. Discover more
Lung From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Lung (disambiguation). This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology. Lung Diagram of the human lungs with the respiratory tract visible, and different colours for each lobe The human lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity Details System Respiratory system Identifiers Latin pulmo Greek πνεύμων (pneumon)Me SH D008168TA A06.5.01.001FMA 68877Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata]The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals, reptiles and birds use their different muscles to support and foster breathing. In early tetrapods, air was driven into the lungs by the pharyngeal muscles via buccal pumping, a mechanism still seen in amphibians. In humans, the main muscle of respiration that drives breathing is the diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes vocal sounds including human speech possible. Humans have two lungs, a right lung and a left lung. They are situated within the thoracic cavity of the chest. The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart. The lungs together weigh approximately 1.3 kilograms (2.9 lb), and the right is heavier. The lungs are part of the lower respiratory tract that begins at the trachea and branches into the bronchi and bronchioles, and which receive air breathed in via the conducting zone. The conducting zone ends at the terminal bronchioles. These divide into the respiratory bronchioles of the respiratory zone which divide into alveolar ducts that give rise to the microscopic alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. Together, the lungs contain approximately 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) of airways and 300 to 500 million alveoli. Each lung is enclosed within a pleural sac which allows the inner and outer walls to slide over each other whilst breathing takes place, without much friction. This sac also divides each lung into sections called lobes. The right lung has three lobes and the left has two. The lobes are further divided into bronchopulmonary segments and lobules. The lungs have a unique blood supply, receiving deoxygenated blood from the heart in the pulmonary circulation for the purposes of receiving oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, and a separate supply of oxygenated blood to the tissue of the lungs, in the bronchial circulation. The tissue of the lungs can be affected by a number of diseases, including pneumonia and lung cancer. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes chronic bronchitis and previously termed emphysema, can be related to smoking or exposure to harmful substances such as coal dust, asbestos fibres and crystalline silica dust. Diseases such as bronchitis can also affect the respiratory tract. Medical terms related to the lung often begin with pulmo-, from the Latin pulmonarius (of the lungs) as in pulmonology, or with pneumo- (from Greek πνεύμων "lung") as in pneumonia. In embryonic development, the lungs begin to develop as an outpouching of the foregut, a tube which goes on to form the upper part of the digestive system. When the lungs are formed the fetus is held in the fluid -filled amniotic sac and so they do not function to breathe. Blood is also diverted from the lungs through the ductus arteriosus. At birth however, air begins to pass through the lungs, and the diversionary duct closes, so that the lungs can begin to respire. The lungs only fully develop in early childhood. Contents [ hide ]1 Structure of the human lungs1.1 Gross anatomy1.2 Right lung1.3 Left lung1.4 Microanatomy1.5 Respiratory tract1.6 Blood supply1.7 Nerve supply2 Development2.1 After birth3 Function3.1 Gas exchange3.2 Protection3.3 Other4 Gene and protein expression5 Clinical significance5.1 Lung function testing6 Other animals6.1 Birds6.2 Reptiles6.3 Amphibians6.4 Lungfish6.5 Invertebrates7 Evolutionary origins8 See also9 Further reading10 References11 External links Structure of the human lungs [ edit]"Meet the lungs" from the Khan academy Gross anatomy [ edit]The lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart in the rib cage. They are conical in shape with a narrow rounded apex at the top, and a broad concave base that rests on the convex surface of the diaphragm. [1] The apex of the lung extends into the root of the neck, reaching shortly above the level of the sternal end of the first rib. The lungs stretch from close to the backbone in the rib cage to the front of the chest and downwards from the lower part of the trachea to the diaphragm. [1] The left lung shares space with the heart, and has an indentation in its border called the cardiac notch of the left lung to accommodate this. [2] [3] The front and outer sides of the lungs face the ribs, which make light indentations on their surfaces. The medial surfaces of the lungs face towards the centre of the chest, and lie against the heart, great vessels, and the carina where the trachea divides into the two main bronchi. [3] The cardiac impression is an indentation formed on the surfaces of the lungs where they rest against the heart. Both lungs have a central recession called the hilum at the root of the lung, where the blood vessels and airways pass into the lungs. [1] There are also bronchopulmonary lymph nodes on the hilum. [3]The lungs are surrounded by the pulmonary pleurae. The pleurae are two serous membranes; the outer parietal pleura lines the inner wall of the rib cage and the inner visceral pleura directly lines the surface of the lungs. Between the pleurae is a potential space called the pleural cavity containing a thin layer of lubricating pleural fluid. Each lung is divided into lobes by the infoldings of the pleura as fissures. The fissures are double folds of pleura that section the lungs and help in their expansion. [4]Lobes and bronchopulmonary segments [5]Right lung Left lung Upper Apical Anterior Posterior Middle Medial Lateral Lower Superior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Upper Anterior Apicoposterior Lower Superior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Lingula Superior Inferior The main or primary bronchi enter the lungs at the hilum and initially branch into secondary bronchi also known as lobar bronchi that supply air to each lobe of the lung. The lobar bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi also known as segmental bronchi and these supply air to the further divisions of the lobes known as bronchopulmonary segments. Each bronchopulmonary segment has its own (segmental) bronchus and arterial supply. [6] Segments for the left and right lung are shown in the table. [5] The segmental anatomy is useful clinically for localising disease processes in the lungs. [5] A segment is a discrete unit that can be surgically removed without seriously affecting surrounding tissue. [7]Right lung [ edit]The right lung has both more lobes and segments than the left. It is divided into three lobes, an upper, middle, and a lower, by two fissures, one oblique and one horizontal. [8] The upper, horizontal fissure, separates the upper from the middle lobe. It begins in the lower oblique fissure near the posterior border of the lung, and, running horizontally forward, cuts the anterior border on a level with the sternal end of the fourth costal cartilage; on the mediastinal surface it may be traced backward to the hilum. [1]The lower, oblique fissure, separates the lower from the middle and upper lobes, and is closely aligned with the oblique fissure in the left lung. [1] [4]The mediastinal surface of the right lung is indented by a number of nearby structures. The heart sits in an impression called the cardiac impression. Above the hilum of the lung is an arched groove for the azygos vein, and above this is a wide groove for the superior vena cava and right brachiocephalic vein; behind this, and close to the top of the lung is a groove for the brachiocephalic artery. There is a groove for the esophagus behind the hilum and the pulmonary ligament, and near the lower part of the esophageal groove is a deeper groove for the inferior vena cava before it enters the heart. [3]Left lung [ edit]The left lung is divided into two lobes, an upper and a lower, by the oblique fissure, which extends from the costal to the mediastinal surface of the lung both above and below the hilum. [1] The left lung, unlike the right, does not have a middle lobe, though it does have a homologous feature, a projection of the upper lobe termed the "lingula". Its name means "little tongue". The lingula on the left serves as an anatomic parallel to the right middle lobe, with both areas being predisposed to similar infections and anatomic complications. [9] [10] There are two bronchopulmonary segments of the lingula: superior and inferior. [1]The mediastinal surface of the left lung has a large cardiac impression where the heart sits. This is deeper and larger than that on the right lung, at which level the heart projects to the left. [3]On the same surface, immediately above the hilum, is a well-marked curved groove for the aortic arch, and a groove below it for the descending aorta. The left subclavian artery, a branch off the aortic arch, sits in a groove from the arch to near the apex of the lung. A shallower groove in front of the artery and near the edge of the lung, lodges the left brachiocephalic vein. The esophagus may sit in a wider shallow impression at the base of the lung. [3]The left lung (left) and right lung (right). The lobes of the lungs can be seen, and the central root of the lung is also present. High-resolution CT scans of a normal thorax, taken in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. Click here to scroll through the image stacks. Microanatomy [ edit]Cross-sectional detail of the lung Lung tissue A respiratory lobule, the functional unit of the lung The lungs are part of the lower respiratory tract, and accommodate the bronchial airways when they branch from the trachea. The lungs include the bronchial airways that terminate in alveoli, the lung tissue in between, and veins, arteries, nerves and lymphatic vessels. [3] [11] The trachea and bronchi have plexuses of lymph capillaries in their mucosa and submucosa. The smaller bronchi have a single layer and they are absent in the alveoli. [12]All of the lower respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles is lined with respiratory epithelium. This is a ciliated epithelium interspersed with goblet cells which produce mucus, and club cells with actions similar to macrophages. Incomplete rings of cartilage in the trachea and smaller plates of cartilage in the bronchi, keep these airways open. [13] Bronchioles are too narrow to support cartilage and their walls are of smooth muscle, and this is largely absent in the narrower respiratory bronchioles which are mainly just of epithelium. [13] The respiratory tract ends in lobules. Each lobule consists of a respiratory bronchiole, which branches into alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs, which in turn divide into alveoli. [3]The epithelial cells throughout the respiratory tract secrete epithelial lining fluid (ELF), the composition of which is tightly regulated and determines how well mucociliary clearance works. [14] [15]: Section 4 pages 7–8 (Page 4–7ff)Alveoli consist of two types of alveolar cell and an alveolar macrophage. The two types of cell are known as type I and type II alveolar cells [16] (also known as pneumocytes). [3] Types I and II make up the walls and alveolar septa. Type I cells provide 95% of the surface area of each alveoli and are flat (" squamous "), and Type II cells generally cluster in the corners of the alveoli and have a cuboidal shape. [17] Despite this, cells occur in a roughly equal ratio of 1:1 or 6:4. [16] [17]Type I are squamous epithelial cells that make up the alveolar wall structure. They have extremely thin walls that enable an easy gas exchange. [16] These type I cells also make up the alveolar septa which separate each alveolus. The septa consist of an epithelial lining and associated basement membranes. [17] Type I cells are not able to divide, and consequently rely on differentiation from Type II cells. [17]Type II are larger and they line the alveoli and produce and secrete epithelial lining fluid, and lung surfactant. [16] Type II cells are able to divide and differentiate to Type 1 cells. [17]The alveolar macrophages have an important immunological role. They remove substances which deposit in the alveoli including loose red blood cells that have been forced out from blood vesels. [17]The lung is surrounded by a serous membrane of visceral pleura, which has an underlying layer of loose connective tissue attached to the substance of the lung. [18]Respiratory tract [ edit]Main article: Respiratory tract The lungs as main part of respiratory tract The lower respiratory tract is part of the respiratory system, and consists of the trachea and the structures below this including the lungs. [16] The trachea receives air from the pharynx and travels down to a place where it splits (the carina) into a right and left bronchus. These supply air to the right and left lungs, splitting progressively into the secondary and tertiary bronchi for the lobes of the lungs, and into smaller and smaller bronchioles until they become the respiratory bronchioles. These in turn supply air through alveolar ducts into the alveoli, where the exchange of gases take place. [16] Oxygen breathed in, diffuses through the walls of the alveoli into the enveloping capillaries and into the circulation, [19] and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs to be breathed out. Estimates of the total surface area of lungs vary from 50 to 75 square metres (540 to 810 sq ft); [16] [17] roughly the same area as one side of a tennis court. [17] [20]The bronchi in the conducting zone are reinforced with hyaline cartilage in order to hold open the airways. The bronchioles have no cartilage and are surrounded instead by smooth muscle. [17] Air is warmed to 37 °C (99 °F), humidified and cleansed by the conducting zone; particles from the air being removed by the cilia on the respiratory epithelium lining the passageways. [21]Pulmonary stretch receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways initiate a reflex known as the Hering–Breuer reflex that prevents the lungs from over-inflation, during forceful inspiration. Blood supply [ edit]Main article: Pulmonary circulation3D rendering of a high resolution computed tomography of the thorax. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation. The lungs have a dual blood supply [16] provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta. There are usually three arteries, two to the left lung and one to the right, and they branch alongside the bronchi and bronchioles. [16] The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood to the heart to supply the rest of the body. [16]The blood volume of the lungs, is about 450 millilitres on average, about 9 per cent of the total blood volume of the entire circulatory system. This quantity can easily fluctuate from between one-half and twice the normal volume. [22]Nerve supply [ edit]The lungs are supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. Input from the parasympathetic nervous system occurs via the vagus nerve. When stimulated by acetylcholine, this causes constriction of the smooth muscle lining the bronchus and bronchioles, and increases the secretions from glands. [23] [ page needed] The lungs also have a sympathetic tone from norepinephrine acting on the beta 2 receptors in the respiratory tract, which causes bronchodilation. [23] [ page needed]The action of breathing takes place because of nerve signals sent by the respiratory centres in the brainstem, along the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm. [24] [ page needed]Development [ edit]The development of the human lungs arise from the laryngotracheal groove and develop to maturity over several weeks in the foetus and for several years following birth. [25]The larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs that make up the respiratory tract, begin to form during the fourth week of embryogenesis [26] from the lung bud which appears ventrally to the caudal portion of the foregut. [27]Lungs during development, showing the early branching of the primitive bronchial buds The respiratory tract has a branching structure like that of a tree. [28] In the embryo this structure is developed in the process of branching morphogenesis, and is generated by the repeated splitting of the tip of the branch. In the development of the lungs (as in some other organs) the epithelium forms branching tubes. The lung has a left-right symmetry and each bud known as a bronchial bud grows out as a tubular epithelium that becomes a bronchus. Each bronchus branches into bronchioles. [29] The branching is a result of the tip of each tube bifurcating. [28] The branching process forms the bronchi, bronchioles, and ultimately the alveoli. [28] The four genes mostly associated with branching morphogenesis in the lung are the intercellular signalling protein – sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factors FGF10 and FGFR2b, and bone morphogenetic protein BMP4. FGF10 is seen to have the most prominent role. FGF10 is a paracrine signalling molecule needed for epithelial branching, and SHH inhibits FGF10. [28] [29] The development of the alveoli is influenced by a different mechanism whereby continued bifurcation is stopped and the distal tips become dilated to form the alveoli. At the end of the fourth week the lung bud divides into two, the right and left primary bronchial buds on each side of the trachea. [30] [31] During the fifth week the right bud branches into three secondary bronchial buds and the left branches into two secondary bronchial buds. These give rise to the lobes of the lungs, three on the right and two on the left. Over the following week, the secondary buds branch into tertiary buds, about ten on each side. [31] From the sixth week to the sixteenth week, the major elements of the lungs appear except the alveoli. [32] From week 16 to week 26, the bronchi enlarge and lung tissue becomes highly vascularised. Bronchioles and alveolar ducts also develop. By week 26 the terminal bronchioles have formed which branch into two respiratory bronchioles. [33] During the period covering the 26th week until birth the important blood–air barrier is established. Specialised type I alveolar cells where gas exchange will take place, together with the type II alveolar cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant, appear. The surfactant reduces the surface tension at the air-alveolar surface which allows expansion of the alveolar sacs. The alveolar sacs contain the primitive alveoli that form at the end of the alveolar ducts, [34] and their appearance around the seventh month marks the point at which limited respiration would be possible, and the premature baby could survive. [25]After birth [ edit]At birth, the baby's lungs are filled with fluid secreted by the lungs and are not inflated. After birth the infant's central nervous system reacts to the sudden change in temperature and environment. This triggers the first breath, within about 10 seconds after delivery. [35] Before birth, the lungs are filled with fetal lung fluid. [36] After the first breath, the fluid is quickly absorbed into the body or exhaled. The resistance in the lung's blood vessels decreases giving an increased surface area for gas exchange, and the lungs begins to breathe spontaneously. This accompanies other changes which result in an increased amount of blood entering the lung tissues. [35]At birth the lungs are very undeveloped with only around one sixth of the alveoli of the adult lung present. [25] The alveoli continue to form into early adulthood, and their ability to form when necessary is seen in the regeneration of the lung. [37] [38] Alveolar septa have a double capillary network instead of the single network of the developed lung. Only after the maturation of the capillary network can the lung enter a normal phase of growth. Following the early growth in numbers of alveoli there is another stage of the alveoli being enlarged. [39]Function [ edit]Main articles: Respiratory system, Breathing, and Gas exchange Gas exchange [ edit]The major function of the lungs is gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. [40] The alveolar and pulmonary capillary gases equilibrate across the thin blood–air barrier. [41] [42] This thin membrane (about 0.5 –2 μm thick) is folded into about 300 million alveoli, providing an extremely large surface area (estimates varying between 70 and 145 m 2) for gas exchange to occur. [41] [43]The effect of the respiratory muscles in expanding the rib cage. The lungs are not capable of expanding to breathe on their own, and will only do so when there is an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity. [44] This is achieved by the muscles of respiration, through the contraction of the diaphragm, and the intercostal muscles which pull the rib cage upwards as shown in the diagram. [45] During breathing out the muscles relax, returning the lungs to their resting position. [46] At this point the lungs contain the functional residual capacity (FRC) of air, which, in the adult human, has a volume of about 2.5–3.0 litres. [46]During heavy breathing as in exertion, a large number of accessory muscles in the neck and abdomen are recruited, that during exhalation pull the ribcage down, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. [46] The FRC is now decreased, but since the lungs cannot be emptied completely there is still about a litre of residual air left. [46] Lung function testing is carried out to evaluate lung volumes and capacities. Protection [ edit]The lungs possess several characteristics which protect against infection. The respiratory tract is lined by epithelia with hair-like projections called cilia that beat rhythmically and carry mucus. This mucociliary clearance is an important defence system against air-borne infection. The dust particles and bacteria in the inhaled air are caught in the mucosal surface of the airways, and are moved up towards the pharynx by the rhythmic upward beating action of the cilia. [17] [47] [48] The lining of the lung also secretes immunoglobulin A which protects against respiratory infections; [47] goblet cells secrete mucus [17] which also contains several antimicrobial compounds such as defensins, antiproteases, and antioxidates. [47] In addition, the lining of the lung also contains macrophages, immune cells which engulf and destroy debris and microbes that enter the lung in a process known as phagocytosis; and dendritic cells which present antigens to activate components of the adaptive immune system such as T-cells and B-cells. [47]The size of the respiratory tract and the flow of air also protect the lungs from larger particles. Smaller particles deposit in the mouth and behind the mouth in the oropharynx, and larger particles are trapped in nasal hair after inhalation. [47]Other [ edit]In addition to their function in respiration, the lungs have a number of other functions. They are involved in maintaining homeostasis, helping in the regulation of blood pressure as part of the renin–angiotensin system. The inner lining of the blood vessels secretes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. [49] The lungs are involved in the blood's acid-base homeostasis by expelling carbon dioxide when breathing. [44] [50]The lungs also serve a protective role. Several blood-borne substances, such as a few types of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, serotonin and bradykinin, are excreted through the lungs. [49] Drugs and other substances can be absorbed, modified or excreted in the lungs. [44] [51] The lungs filter out small blood clots from veins and prevent them from entering arteries and causing strokes. [50]The lungs also play a pivotal role in speech by providing air and airflow for the creation of vocal sounds, [44] [52] and other paralanguage communications such as sighs and gasps. New research suggests a role of the lungs in the production of blood platelets. [53]Gene and protein expression [ edit]Further information: Bioinformatics § Gene and protein expression About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and almost 75% of these genes are expressed in the normal lung. [54] [55] A little less than 200 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the lung with less 20 genes being highly lung specific. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed within different cellular compartments such as pneumocytes in alveoli, and ciliated and mucus secreting goblet cells in the respiratory mucosa. The highest expression of lung specific proteins are different surfactant proteins, such as SFTPA1, SFTPB and SFTPC, and napsin, expressed in type II pneumocytes. Other proteins with elevated expression in the lung are the dynein protein DNAH5 in ciliated cells, and the secreted SCGB1A1 protein in mucus secreting goblet cells of the airway mucosa. [56]Clinical significance [ edit]Main articles: Respiratory disease and Pulmonology Lungs can be affected by a variety of diseases. Pulmonology is the medical speciality that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract, [57] and cardiothoracic surgery is the surgical field that deals with surgery of the lungs. [58]Inflammatory conditions of the lung tissue are pneumonia, of the respiratory tract are bronchitis and bronchiolitis, and of the pleurae surrounding the lungs pleurisy. Inflammation is usually caused by infections due to bacteria or viruses. When the lung tissue is inflamed due to other causes it is called pneumonitis. One major cause of bacterial pneumonia is tuberculosis. [47] Chronic infections often occur in those with immunodeficiency and can include a fungal infection by Aspergillus fumigatus that can lead to an aspergilloma forming in the lung. [47] [59]Infarction of the lung due to a pulmonary embolism A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that becomes lodged in the pulmonary arteries. The majority of emboli arise because of deep vein thrombosis in the legs. Pulmonary emboli may be investigated using a ventilation/perfusion scan, a CT scan of the arteries of the lung, or blood tests such as the D-dimer. [47]Pulmonary hypertension describes an increased pressure at the beginning of the pulmonary artery that has a large number of differing causes. [47] Other rarer conditions may also affect the blood supply of the lung, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which causes inflammation of the small blood vessels of the lungs and kidneys. [47]A lung contusion is a bruise caused by chest trauma. It results in hemorrhage of the alveoli causing a build-up of fluid which can impair breathing, and this can be either mild or severe. The function of the lungs can also be affected by compression from fluid in the pleural cavity pleural effusion, or other substances such as air ( pneumothorax ), blood ( hemothorax ), or rarer causes. These may be investigated using a chest X-ray or CT scan, and may require the insertion of a surgical drain until the underlying cause is identified and treated. [47]Lung tissue affected by emphysema using H&E stain Asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are all obstructive lung diseases characterised by airway obstruction. This limits the amount of air that is able to enter alveoli because of constriction of the bronchial tree, due to inflammation. Obstructive lung diseases are often identified because of symptoms and diagnosed with pulmonary function tests such as spirometry. Many obstructive lung diseases are managed by avoiding triggers (such as dust mites or smoking ), with symptom control such as bronchodilators, and with suppression of inflammation (such as through corticosteroids) in severe cases. One common cause of COPD and emphysema is smoking, and common causes of bronchiectasis include severe infections and cystic fibrosis. The definitive cause of asthma is not yet known. [47]Some types of chronic lung diseases are classified as restrictive lung disease, because of a restriction in the amount of lung tissue involved in respiration. These include pulmonary fibrosis which can occur when the lung is inflamed for a long period of time. Fibrosis in the lung replaces functioning lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue. This can be due to a large variety of occupational diseases such as Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases or more rarely to a reaction to medication. [47]Lung cancer can either arise directly from lung tissue or as a result of metastasis from another part of the body. There are two main types of primary tumour described as either small-cell or non-small-cell lung carcinomas. The major risk factor for cancer is smoking. Once a cancer is identified it is staged using scans such as a CT scan and a sample of tissue (a biopsy) is taken. Cancers may be treated by surgically removing the tumour, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or combinations thereof, or with the aim of symptom control. [47] Lung cancer screening is being recommended in the United States for high-risk populations. [60]Congenital disorders include cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypoplasia (an incomplete development of the lungs) [61]congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and infant respiratory distress syndrome caused by a deficiency in lung surfactant. An azygos lobe is a congenital anatomical variation which though usually without effect can cause problems in thoracoscopic procedures. [62]A pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall. [63] The lung cannot expand against the air pressure inside the pleural space. An easy to understand example is a traumatic pneumothorax, where air enters the pleural space from outside the body, as occurs with puncture to the chest wall. Similarly, a scuba diver ascending while holding their breath with their lungs fully inflated can cause air sacs ( alveoli) to burst and leak high pressure air into the pleural space. Lung function testing [ edit]Main articles: Pulmonary function testing and Lung volumes Lung volumes as described in the text. A person doing a spirometry test. Lung function testing is carried out by evaluating a person's capacity to inhale and exhale in different circumstances. [64] The volume of air inhaled and exhaled by a person at rest is the tidal volume (normally 500-750m L); the inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume are the additional amounts a person is able to forcibly inhale and exhale respectively. The summed total of forced inspiration and expiration is a person's vital capacity. Not all air is expelled from the lungs even after a forced breath out; the remainder of the air is called the residual volume. Together these terms are referred to as lung volumes. [64]Pulmonary plethysmographs are used to measure functional residual capacity. [65] Functional residual capacity cannot be measured by tests that rely on breathing out, as a person is only able to breathe a maximum of 80% of their total functional capacity. [66] The total lung capacity depends on the person's age, height, weight, and sex, and normally ranges between 4 and 6 litres. [64] Females tend to have a 20–25% lower capacity than males. Tall people tend to have a larger total lung capacity than shorter people. Smokers have a lower capacity than nonsmokers. Thinner persons tend to have a larger capacity, and capacity can be increased by physical training as much as 40%. [66]Other lung function tests include spirometry, measuring the amount (volume) and flow of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. The maximum volume of breath that can be exhaled is called the vital capacity. In particular, how much a person is able to exhale in one second (called forced expiratory volume (FEV1)) as a proportion of how much they are able to exhale in total (FEV). This ratio, the FEV1/FEV ratio, is important to distinguish whether a lung disease is restrictive or obstructive. [47] [64] Another test is that of the lung's diffusing capacity – this is a measure of the transfer of gas from air to the blood in the lung capillaries. Other animals [ edit]Birds [ edit]Main article: Bird anatomy § Respiratory system On inhalation, air travels to air sacs near the back of a bird. The air then passes through the lungs to air sacs near the front of the bird, from where the air is exhaled. The cross-current respiratory gas exchanger in the lungs of birds. Air is forced from the air sacs unidirectionally (from right to left in the diagram) through the parabronchi. The pulmonary capillaries surround the parabronchi in the manner shown (blood flowing from below the parabronchus to above it in the diagram). [67] [68] Blood or air with a high oxygen content is shown in red; oxygen-poor air or blood is shown in various shades of purple-blue. The lungs of birds are relatively small, but are connected to 8 or 9 air sacs that extend through much of the body, and are in turn connected to air spaces within the bones. On inhalation, air travels through the trachea of a bird into the air sacs. Air then travels continuously from the air sacs at the back, through the lungs, which are relatively fixed in size, to the air sacs at the front. From here, the air is exhaled. These fixed size lungs are called "circulatory lungs", as distinct from the "bellows-type lungs" found in most other animals. [67] [69]The lungs of birds contain millions of tiny parallel passages called parabronchi. Small sacs called atria radiate from the walls of the tiny passages; these, like the alveoli in other lungs, are the site of gas exchange by simple diffusion. [69] The blood flow around the parabronchi and their atria forms a cross-current process of gas exchange (see diagram on the right). [67] [68]The air sacs, which hold air, do not contribute much to gas exchange, despite being thin-walled, as they are poorly vascularised. The air sacs expand and contract due to changes in the volume in the thorax and abdomen. This volume change is caused by the movement of the sternum and ribs and this movement is often synchronised with movement of the flight muscles. [70]Parabronchi in which the air flow is unidirectional are called paleopulmonic parabronchi and are found in all birds. Some birds, however, have, in addition, a lung structure where the air flow in the parabronchi is bidirectional. These are termed neopulmonic parabronchi. [69]Reptiles [ edit]Main article: Reptile anatomy § Respiratory system The lungs of most reptiles have a single bronchus running down the centre, from which numerous branches reach out to individual pockets throughout the lungs. These pockets are similar to alveoli in mammals, but much larger and fewer in number. These give the lung a sponge-like texture. In tuataras, snakes, and some lizards, the lungs are simpler in structure, similar to that of typical amphibians. [70]Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung. [70]Both crocodilians and monitor lizards have developed lungs similar to those of birds, providing an unidirectional airflow and even possessing air sacs. [71] The now extinct pterosaurs have seemingly even further refined this type of lung, extending the airsacs into the wing membranes and, in the case of lonchodectids, tupuxuara, and azhdarchoids, the hindlimbs. [72]Reptilian lungs typically receive air via expansion and contraction of the ribs driven by axial muscles and buccal pumping. Crocodilians also rely on the hepatic piston method, in which the liver is pulled back by a muscle anchored to the pubic bone (part of the pelvis) called the diaphragmaticus, [73] which in turn creates negative pressure in the crocodile's thoracic cavity, allowing air to be moved into the lungs by Boyle's law. Turtles, which are unable to move their ribs, instead use their forelimbs and pectoral girdle to force air in and out of the lungs. [70]Amphibians [ edit]The axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum) retains its larval form with gills into adulthood The lungs of most frogs and other amphibians are simple and balloon-like, with gas exchange limited to the outer surface of the lung. This is not very efficient, but amphibians have low metabolic demands and can also quickly dispose of carbon dioxide by diffusion across their skin in water, and supplement their oxygen supply by the same method. Amphibians employ a positive pressure system to get air to their lungs, forcing air down into the lungs by buccal pumping. This is distinct from most higher vertebrates, who use a breathing system driven by negative pressure where the lungs are inflated by expanding the rib cage. [74] In buccal pumping, the floor of the mouth is lowered, filling the mouth cavity with air. The throat muscles then presses the throat against the underside of the skull, forcing the air into the lungs. [75]Due to the possibility of respiration across the skin combined with small size, all known lungless tetrapods are amphibians. The majority of salamander species are lungless salamanders, which respirate through their skin and tissues lining their mouth. This necessarily restrict their size: all are small and rather thread-like in appearance, maximising skin surface relative to body volume. [76] Other known lungless tetrapods are the Bornean flat-headed frog [77] and Atretochoana eiselti, a caecilian. [78]The lungs of amphibians typically have a few narrow internal walls ( septa) of soft tissue around the outer walls, increasing the respiratory surface area and giving the lung a honey-comb appearance. In some salamanders even these are lacking, and the lung has a smooth wall. In caecilians, as in snakes, only the right lung attains any size or development. [70]Lungfish [ edit]The lungs of lungfish are similar to those of amphibians, with few, if any, internal septa. In the Australian lungfish, there is only a single lung, albeit divided into two lobes. Other lungfish and Polypterus, however, have two lungs, which are located in the upper part of the body, with the connecting duct curving around and above the esophagus. The blood supply also twists around the esophagus, suggesting that the lungs originally evolved in the ventral part of the body, as in other vertebrates. [70]Invertebrates [ edit]Further information: Respiratory system of gastropods Book lungs of spider (shown in pink)Some invertebrates have lung-like structures that serve a similar respiratory purpose as, but are not evolutionarily related to, vertebrate lungs. Some arachnids, such as spiders and scorpions, have structures called book lungs used for atmospheric gas exchange. Some species of spider have four pairs of book lungs but most have two pairs. [79] Scorpions have spiracles on their body for the entrance of air to the book lungs. [80]The coconut crab is terrestrial and uses structures called branchiostegal lungs to breathe air. [81] They cannot swim and would drown in water, yet they possess a rudimentary set of gills. They can breathe on land and hold their breath underwater. [82] The branchiostegal lungs are seen as a developmental adaptive stage from water-living to enable land-living, or from fish to amphibian. [83]Pulmonates are mostly land snails and slugs that have developed a simple lung from the mantle cavity. An externally located opening called the pneumostome allows air to be taken into the mantle cavity lung. [84] [85]Evolutionary origins [ edit]The lungs of today's terrestrial vertebrates and the gas bladders of today's fish are believed to have evolved from simple sacs, as outpocketings of the esophagus, that allowed early fish to gulp air under oxygen-poor conditions. [86] These outpocketings first arose in the bony fish. In most of the ray-finned fish the sacs evolved into closed off gas bladders, while a number of carp, trout, herring, catfish, and eels have retained the physostome condition with the sack being open to the esophagus. In more basal bony fish, such as the gar, bichir, bowfin and the lobe-finned fish, the bladders have evolved to primarily function as lungs. [86] The lobe-finned fish gave rise to the land-based tetrapods. Thus, the lungs of vertebrates are homologous to the gas bladders of fish (but not to their gills ). [87]See also [ edit]Atelectasis Bronchiectasis Drowning Interstitial lung disease Liquid breathing Lung abscess Lung microbiome Mechanical ventilation Pores of Kohn Further reading [ edit]Dr D. R. Johnson: Introductory anatomy, respiratory system, leeds.ac.uk Franlink Institute Online: The Respiratory System, sln.fi.edu Avian lungs and respiration, people.eku.edu References [ edit]^ a b c d e f g Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Mitchell, Adam W. M. (2014). Gray's anatomy for students (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier. pp. 167–174. ISBN 978-0-7020-5131-9.^ Betts, J. Gordon (2013). Anatomy & physiology. pp. 787–846. ISBN 1-938168-13-5. Retrieved 11 August 2014.^ a b c d e f g h i Standring, Susan (2008). Borley, Neil R., ed. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (40 ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone / Elsevier. pp. 992–1000. 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Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-11.^ Longo, Sarah; Riccio, Mark; Mc Cune, Amy R (June 2013). "Homology of lungs and gas bladders: Insights from arterial vasculature". Journal of Morphology. 274 (6): 687–703. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20128. PMID 23378277. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to lungs. Lung at the Human Protein Atlas [ show]v t e Human systems and organs [ hide]v t e Anatomy of the lower respiratory tract Respiratory tree Trachea Tracheal rings Annular ligaments Carina Bronchi Mainleft right Secondaryeparterial Tertiary Lungs General Landmarks Base Apex Root Hilum Fissures Horizontal Oblique Superior lobe Lingula of left lung Middle lobe of right lung Inferior lobe BP segment Bronchiole: Conducting zone ( Terminal bronchiole) Respiratory zone ( Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolus Blood-air barrier)Cells Alveolar cells Type I Type IIClub cell Goblet cell [ show]v t e Respiratory physiology Categories: Lung Human anatomy by organ
About Tillamook Oregon. The City of Tillamook is on the northern coast of Oregon just 74 miles west of Portland next to Tillamook Bay. As the county seat, it is the center of business in the region and the crossroads from which visitors can reach Tillamook Countyâs many beaches, parks and recreational opportunities.
Arcade Fire is a Canadian indie rock band based in Montreal , Quebec , consisting of husband and wife Win Butler and Régine Chassagne , along with Win 's younger brother William Butler , Richard Reed Parry , Tim Kingsbury and Jeremy Gara . The band 's current touring line-up also includes former core member Sarah Neufeld , frequent collaborator Owen Pallett , two additional percussionists , Diol Edmond and Tiwill Duprate , and saxophonists Matt Bauder and Stuart Bogie . Founded in 2001 by friends and classmates Win Butler and Josh Deu , the band came to prominence in 2004 with the release of their critically acclaimed debut album Funeral . Their second studio album , Neon Bible , won them the 2008 Meteor Music Award for Best International Album and the 2008 Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year . Their third studio album , The Suburbs , was released in 2010 to critical acclaim and commercial success . It received many accolades , including the 2011 Grammy for Album of the Year , the 2011 Juno Award for Album of the Year , and the 2011 Brit Award for Best International Album . In 2013 , Arcade Fire released their fourth album , Reflektor , and scored the feature film Her , for which band members William Butler and Owen Pallett were nominated in the Best Original Score category at the 86th Academy Awards . All four of their studio albums have received nominations for the Best Alternative Music Album Grammy ; the band 's work has also been named three times as a shortlist nominee for the Polaris Music Prize : in 2007 for Neon Bible , in 2011 for The Suburbs and in 2014 for Reflektor , winning the award for The Suburbs . The band plays guitar , drums , bass guitar , piano , violin , viola , cello , double bass , xylophone , glockenspiel , keyboard , synthesizer , French horn , accordion , harp , mandolin , and hurdy-gurdy , and takes most of these instruments on tour ; the multi-instrumentalist band members switch duties throughout shows .
The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs. The Unitary Authority of Plymouth is 79.84 square kilometres (30.83 sq mi). The topography rises from sea level to a height, at Roborough, of about 509 feet (155 m) above Ordnance Datum (AOD).
Halloween (2018 film) Halloween premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 19, 2018, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many considering it to be both the best Halloween sequel and a return to form for the series; Curtis' performance was also met with praise. The film has grossed over $172 million worldwide, making it the highest grossing film in the franchise, as well as breaking several other box office records. A sequel is in early development.
Cedar Grove Plantation, also known as the Charles Walker House, is a Greek Revival plantation house located near Faunsdale, Marengo County, Alabama. It is notable in having been the residence of Nicola Marschall for a brief period while the Walker family owned the property. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 13 July 1993 as a part of the Plantation Houses of the Alabama Canebrake and Their Associated Outbuildings Multiple Property Submission.
The writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that "most" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., had genetics scholars who discussed in detail the variety of ancestries among African Americans. They noted there is popular belief in a high rate of Native American admixture that is not supported by the data that has been collected. (Reference is coming)
St. Clare - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online Saints & Angels Author and Publisher - Catholic Online Facts Patron of eye disease, goldsmiths, laundry, television Birth: 1194 Take the Saints Trivia Quiz now! St. Clare of Assisi was born in Assisi on July 16, 1194, as Chiara Offreduccio, the beautiful eldest daughter of Favorino Sciffi, Count of Sasso-Rosso and his wife Ortolana. Tradition says her father was a wealthy representative of an ancient Roman family and her mother was a very devout woman belonging to the noble family of Fiumi. As a young girl, Clare dedicated herself to prayer. At 18-years-old, she heard St. Francis of Assisi preach during a Lenten service in the church of San Giorgio and asked him to help her live according to the Gospel. On Palm Sunday in 1212, Clare left her father's home and went to the chapel of the Porziuncula to meet with Francis. While there, Clare's hair was cut off and she was given a plain robe and veil in exchange for her rich gown. Clare joined the convent of the Benedictine nuns of San Paulo, near Bastia, under Francis' orders. When her father found her and attempted to force her back into his home, she refused and professed that she would have no other husband than Jesus Christ. In order to give her the greater solitude she desired, Francis sent Clare to Sant' Angelo in Panzo, another Benedictine nuns monastery. Clare's sister Catarina, who took the name Agnes, joined her at this monastery. The two remained there until a separate dwelling was built for them next to the church of San Damiano. Overtime, other women joined them, wanting to also be brides of Jesus and live with no money. They became known as the "Poor Ladies of San Damiano." They all lived a simple life of austerity, seclusion from the world, and poverty, according to a Rule which Francis gave them as a Second Order. St. Clare and her sisters wore no shoes, ate no meat, lived in a poor house, and kept silent most of the time. Their lives consisted of manual labor and prayer. Yet, they were very happy, because Our Lord was close to them all the time. San Damiano became the center of Clare's new order, which was then known as the "Order of Poor Ladies of San Damiano." For a brief period of time, the order was directed by St. Francis himself and by 1216, Clare became the abbess of San Damiano. Ten years after Clare's death, the order became known as the Order of Saint Clare. While serving as the leader of her order, Clare defended them from the attempts of prelates to impose a rule on them that more closely followed the Rule of Saint Benedict than Francis. Clare was so devoted and dedicated to Francis that she was often referred to as "alter Franciscus," or another Francis. She encouraged and aided the man she saw as a spiritual father figure, and took care of him as he grew old. Following Francis' death, Clare continued to promote her order, fighting off every attempt from each pope trying to impose a rule on her order that would water down their "radical commitment to corporate poverty." In 1224, an army of rough soldiers from Frederick II came to attack Assisi. Although very sick, Clare went out to meet them with the Blessed Sacrament on her hands. She had the Blessed Sacrament placed at the wall where the enemies could see it. Then on her knees, she begged God to save the Sisters. "O Lord, protect these Sisters whom I cannot protect now," she prayed. A voice seemed to answer: "I will keep them always in My care." In that moment, a sudden fright struck the attackers and they fled as fast as they could without harming anyone in Assisi. St. Clare became sick and suffered great pains for many years, but she expressed that no pain could trouble her. So great was her joy in serving the Lord that she once exclaimed: "They say that we are too poor, but can a heart which possesses the infinite God be truly called poor?" On August 9, 1253, Pope Innocent IV declared Clare's rule would serve as the governing rule for Clare's Order of Poor Ladies. Two days later, Clare died at 59-years-old. Her remains were placed in the chapel o
Portland Trail Blazers The team's mascot is Blaze the Trail Cat, a two-tone silver-colored mountain lion,[151] which has been the team's official mascot since 2002.[152] Prior to Blaze's debut, the Trail Blazers never had any official mascot. A popular unofficial mascot was the late Bill "The Beerman" Scott, a Seattle beer vendor-cheerleader who worked for numerous pro teams, including the Trail Blazers, the Seattle Seahawks, and the Seattle Mariners. Scott worked for the Trail Blazers from 1981 through 1985.[153]
Virtually all faculty members at Washington University engage in academic research,[citation needed] offering opportunities for both undergraduate and graduate students across the university's seven schools. Known for its interdisciplinarity and departmental collaboration, many of Washington University's research centers and institutes are collaborative efforts between many areas on campus.[citation needed] More than 60% of undergraduates are involved in faculty research across all areas; it is an institutional priority for undergraduates to be allowed to participate in advanced research. According to the Center for Measuring University Performance, it is considered to be one of the top 10 private research universities in the nation. A dedicated Office of Undergraduate Research is located on the Danforth Campus and serves as a resource to post research opportunities, advise students in finding appropriate positions matching their interests, publish undergraduate research journals, and award research grants to make it financially possible to perform research.
How to Back Up a Hard Drive External hard drives are very convenient backup solutions, but they can be damaged and stolen.© i Stockphoto /Pixel Axel Now that you've learned some reasons why to back up your data, let's explore the places you can send your data in order to retrieve it safely should you encounter some sort of computer meltdown. One option is to export your data to an external hard drive. These devices are readily available at your local retail store and can be found at various Web sites online. Most of these drives connect to your desktop or laptop computer through the universal serial bus ( USB) port on your machine. Installation is usually a matter of plugging them in and letting your operating system discover them. Many of them come with third-party software to help you back them up. One installed, you can access your external hard drive much the same way you would access your internal drive or another device connected to the computer. Backing up your data is as simple as clicking and dragging those files you wish to back up into the external drive. This is perhaps the best solution for backing up your hard drive. Your data is safe on the external hard drive should your computer crash. A second option, one which is gathering more popularity, is cloud storage, backing data up online to a virtual location. There are lots of cloud storage sites on the Web; many offer a few gigabytes of storage for free but require you to pay for more space. Many of these sites boast security measures aimed to protect your vital information such as Social Security, bank and credit account numbers. Still, anytime you put information on the Web, you should do so with caution. Information on the Web, no matter how secure, is susceptible to hackers and security breaches. If you want, you can back up your hard drive on CDs, DVDs or on a flash drive. CDs have a relatively small amount of storage space and are better for smaller data backups. DVDs can handle about seven times more information than CDs. Most CDs and DVDs are designed to be used once and can't be rewritten, though you can buy discs that can be erased and reburned when you back up your computer again. Flash drives, in comparison, can handle a few gigabytes of information and can be rewritten the same way you would with a regular hard drive. The downside is that larger flash drives can be costly, which makes backing up an entire hard drive an expensive proposition. If you use removable media, you can lock your backups in a fire safe or safety deposit box -- which you can't do with cloud storage and you may be less likely to do with an external hard drive. If your hard drive crashes, chances are good that you will lose some data. But taking a proactive stance by backing up your hard drive will limit the damage. It's better to lose a few files than a whole life's worth of work and information. For more on hard drives, viruses and related articles, take a look at the links on the next page.
Simple machines are used to make work easier. They are used in various places and times in our lives. They include: the pulley, screw, wheel and axle, wedge, lever, and the inclined plane. Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines. Materials Activity 1: Discovering Simple Machines Parents bring simple machines that they will demonstrate for students such as pliers, hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, wire cutters, small crowbars, scissors, saws, garden tools,
Arizona Snowbowl is an alpine ski resort located on the San Francisco Peaks, 7 miles (11.2 kilometers) north of Flagstaff, Arizona. The base elevation of the facility sits at 9,200 feet (2,804 m) and the resort receives an average annual snowfall of 260 inches (650 centimeters). It has a 2,300-foot (700 m) drop, the largest in Arizona, and has 5 lifts servicing the mountain.
The history of Snape Maltings - Snape Maltings The history of Snape Maltings A place of energy and industry for over 175 years Home About us The history of Snape Maltings With a history as an industrial site stretching back over 175 years, the roots of Snape Maltings as it exists today were planted by the composer Benjamin Britten and landowner George Gooderham, who both recognised the potential of the striking Maltings buildings and their stunning location. The Early Maltings Having bought the already busy shipping port at Snape Bridge in 1841, Victorian industrial entrepreneur Newson Garrett built Snape Maltings over the following decades in order to malt barley and ship it by Thames barge to breweries in London and elsewhere. The business expanded quickly and thrived throughout for decades as demand from breweries increased. A purpose-built branch of the East Suffolk railway line was built to Snape Maltings to support the business and from 1859 to 1960 up to three trains a day would run to and from the Maltings. At full industrial use Snape Maltings grew to some seven acres of buildings and was one of the largest flat floor maltings in the country. The Maltings Closes In 1965, after 120 years, the malting of barley ceased, the direct result of inefficiencies of a large complex and the site was purchased by Suffolk farmer George Gooderham. Meanwhile the composer Benjamin Britten had founded the Aldeburgh Festival, five miles from Snape, in 1948 and the festival quickly established an international reputation, outgrowing its small venues in Aldeburgh and other locations around the Suffolk coast. In the course of the 1950s and 60s Britten explored ways to build a larger venue to host the festival, and in 1965 he leased the largest building at Snape Maltings from George Gooderham to convert into the 830-seat Snape Maltings Concert Hall, which was opened by HM Queen Elizabeth in 1967. The Hall suffered serious fire damage two years later, re-opening in time for the Aldeburgh Festival in 1970. The conversion of the building was undertaken by Arup Associates, with the acoustics supervised by Derek Sugden. From 1967 to 2015 there were parallel developments on the site, with the Gooderham family gradually creating an independent retail complex and Britten and his successors expanding beyond Snape Maltings Concert Hall to create a musical campus that would enable his vision of a place for not only an international performance programme but also work with young artists, education and community engagement. The retail and residential complex went under the banner of Snape Maltings, while the organisation running the music and arts activity became known as Aldeburgh Music, making clear that the work was the year-round expansion of the ideas and vision at the heart of Britten’s Aldeburgh Festival. Developing young talent The development of young musical talent had been part of the original idea of the Aldeburgh Festival from the beginning. As early as 1953, Britten and Pears, committed to the musical development of young people, formed the idea of having a school of music at Snape. The fundamental concept was ‘to prepare and promote young singers or string players for professional life at the very highest level.’ It took until September 1972 for the first masterclasses to be given, by Pears, and in 1975 a Snape Maltings Training Orchestra rehearsed and performed at the Hall for the first time. Following the death of Britten in 1976, the Benjamin Britten Memorial Appeal was launched, and the barley store adjacent to the Concert Hall was converted by Arup Associates into the Britten–Pears School for Advanced Musical Studies (today named the Britten–Pears Building). Opened on 28 April 1979 by HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, the School incorporated a 120-seat recital room (today named the Peter Pears Recital Room), a top-floor Seminar Room, with many practice rooms in between and a reference library, the Holst Library. The aim remains to bridge formal musical education and the professional life, exposing developing artists in a saf
All Types of Conure Birds All Types of Conure Birds By Connie Jankowski For some bird owners, conures are the perfect parrot. They're not too big, they're not too small. Conures are just right for most people. These birds belong to the long-tailed group of New World parrots, in the subfamily arinae. Some bird experts classify these birds along with parakeets, but the name "conure" has become acceptable for a large variety of bird species. Conures as Companions Conures make great pets because they are lively and inquisitive. They love attention and will perform for an audience. Conures are comfortable hanging upside-down or parading around while dancing. These antics win fans, because smiles just naturally occur during these performance sessions. Conures have bright feathers of many colors, and their long tails are magnificent. Their beaks are small, curved and mighty, able to crack seeds and nuts for nourishment. Like all parrots, conures have four toes on each foot, with pairs facing opposite directions to hold onto perches, food and other items. Common Conures Popular pet conures include the Nanday with its distinctive black head. Its wings and tail feathers are dark blue, and bright orange feathers appear on the legs and at vents. Other favorites include the green-cheeked conure and the maroon-bellied conure, which are quiet and cuddly. The largest of them is the magnificent Greater Patagonian conure. These birds are chatty and sociable, especially if hand raised. These are not the most colorful birds, but they make great pets because they love to be held and just to be with people. More Favorites The Aratinga conures, Latin for "little macaw," include the sun conure, jenday conure, dusky conures, peach front conures and others. These birds are active, and they can be loud. Blue-crowned conures -- aka blue-crowned parakeets -- are great talkers, but they require a lot of attention. As with most conures, owners should invest in an ample-sized cage and a variety of toys to keep these birds entertained and healthy. These are not birds for mere decoration, so owners should be willing to spend time and give attention to these avian wonders. Wild Birds Wild conure species exist in Central and South America, and they live in flocks of 20 or more. In some areas they are considered pests because they eat grain, and they will attack farm fields to satisfy their appetites. The bright tail feathers of some conures have had the attention of the millinery industries -- a threat to the birds, who otherwise have a lifespan of about 20 to 25 years. Recently, conure flocks have formed in non-native areas, from Hawaii to the western United States, to the Florida shores. Their noisy behaviors are considered entertaining or annoying -- depending on the eye of the observer. References (2)Photo Credits Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images Author Connie Jankowski began writing in 1987. She has published articles in "Dog Fancy" and "The Orange County Register," among others. Areas of expertise include education, health care and pets. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in communications from the University of Pittsburgh. Cite this Article See More Animals What Is the Difference Between African Ringneck and Indian Ringneck Parrots? The Average Life Span of Blue & Gold Macaws Are Parakeets Affectionate? The Average Lifespan of a Grey Macaw Related Posts What Is the Origin of Cockatoo? Where Do Parakeets Come From? Owning an Amazon Parrot as a Pet What Is the Difference Between Finch Seed & Parakeet Seed? How to Feed Fantail Pigeons Popular Posts What Is a Peacock's Diet? What People Food Can an Orange-Winged Parrot Eat? Quaker Parrot Vs. Sun Conure Macaw Parrot Facts Parakeet Care & Cost Editor's Picks Indian Ringneck Parakeet Habitat Can Parrotlets & Budgies Live in the Same Cage? How to Breed Rainbow Lorikeets Parrots and Their Relatives How to Care for a Magpie Bird
Norway -LRB- -LSB- Norgehelp = no -RSB- -LRB- Bokmål -RRB- or -LRB- Nynorsk -RRB- -RRB- , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the kingdom included the Faroe Islands , Greenland and Iceland . It also included Bohuslän until 1658 , Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645 , Shetland and Orkney until 1468 , and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266 . Norway has a total area of 385252 km2 and a population of 5,258,317 -LRB- as of January 2017 -RRB- . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden -LRB- 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long -RRB- . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak Strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013 , replacing Jens Stoltenberg . A constitutional monarchy , Norway divides state power between the Parliament , the Cabinet and the Supreme Court , as determined by the 1814 Constitution . The kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms . By the traditional count from the year 872 , the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls . Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels : counties and municipalities . The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act . Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States . Norway is a founding member of the United Nations , NATO , the Council of Europe , the Antarctic Treaty and the Nordic Council ; a member of the European Economic Area , the WTO and the OECD ; and is also a part of the Schengen Area . The country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum , natural gas , minerals , lumber , seafood , fresh water and hydropower . The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . On a per-capita basis , Norway is the world 's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East . The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists . On the CIA 's GDP -LRB- PPP -RRB- per capita list -LRB- 2015 estimate -RRB- which includes territories and some regions , Norway ranks as number eleven . From 2001 to 2006 , and then again from 2009 to 2017 , Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world . It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking . Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report , the OECD Better Life Index , the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index .
The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" is a Southern Gothic song, written in 1972 by songwriter Bobby Russell and sung by Vicki Lawrence, an American pop music singer, actress, and comedian. Lawrence's version, from her 1973 Bell Records album of the same name, was a number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 after its release. In addition to several other renditions, the song was again a hit in 1991 when Reba McEntire recorded it for her album For My Broken Heart. McEntire's version was a single, as well, reaching number 12 on Hot Country Songs.
Christopher Cockerell and the History of the Hovercraft By Mary Bellis Updated August 17, 2016. A hovercraft is a vehicle supported on a cushion of air supplied by a powered fan mounted on the craft. The hovercraft was invented by Christopher Cockerell in 1956. The theory behind one of the most successful inventions of the 20th century, the Hovercraft, was originally tested in 1955 using an empty KiteKat cat food tin inside a coffee tin, an industrial air blower and a pair of kitchen scales. Sir Christopher Cockerell developed the first practical hovercraft designs, these led to the first hovercraft to be produced commercially, the SRN1. Cockerell's idea was to build a vehicle that would move over the water's surface, floating on a layer of air. This would reduce friction between the water and vehicle. To test his hypothesis, he put one a smaller can inside a larger can and used a hairdryer to blow air into them. The downward thrust produced was greater when one can was inside the other rather than air just being blown into one can. Background Cockerell was born in 1910 in Cambridge, where his father, Sir Sydney Cockerell, was a museum curator. Christopher Cockerell went to the primary school of St. Faith's. He studied at Gresham's School in Holt, Norfolk. He matriculated to Peterhouse, Cambridge, to read mechanical engineering and was tutored by William Dobson Womersley. He later returned to Cambridge to study radio and electronics. Cockerell worked for the Radio Research Company until 1935 and then for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company from 1935 until 1951. During the war years, Cockerell worked with an elite team at Marconi to develop radar, a development which Churchill believed had a significant effect on the outcome of the Second World War, and Cockerell believed to be one of his greatest achievements. While at Marconi, Cockerell patented 36 of his ideas. Hel was knighted for his achievement in 1969. The Hovercraft It occurred to Cockerell that if the entire craft were lifted from the water, the craft would effectively have no drag. This, he hoped, would give the craft the ability to attain a much higher maximum speed than could be achieved by the boats of the time. Cockerell's theory was that instead of just pumping air under the craft, as previous inventors had, if the air were to be instead channelled to form a narrow jet around the perimeter of the craft, the moving air would form a momentum curtain, a wall of moving air that would limit the amount of air that would leak out. This meant that the same cushion of high-pressure air could be maintained by a very much smaller engine; and for the first time, a craft could be lifted completely out of the water. He tested his theories using a vacuum cleaner and two tin cans. His hypothesis was found to have potential, but the idea took some years to develop, and he was forced to sell personal possessions to finance his research.
In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bushi in their natural element, war, eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery, fierce family pride, and selfless, at times senseless devotion of master and man". Feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa (1350–1410 AD) stated that a warrior looked forward to a glorious death in the service of a military leader or the Emperor: "It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by....First, a man whose profession is the use of arms should think and then act upon not only his own fame, but also that of his descendants. He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear....One's main purpose in throwing away his life is to do so either for the sake of the Emperor or in some great undertaking of a military general. It is that exactly that will be the great fame of one's descendants."
Wake Me Up (Avicii song) "Wake Me Up" is a song by Swedish DJ and record producer Avicii, released as the lead single from his debut studio album True, released on CD and cassette by PRMD Music, Lava Records and Sony Music's Columbia Records on 17 June 2013. "Wake Me Up" was written by Avicii, Mike Einziger, and Aloe Blacc. American soul singer Aloe Blacc provides uncredited vocals for the track[2][3] and Mike Einziger of Incubus provides acoustic guitar. Avicii introduced "Wake Me Up!" for the first time live on stage at the Ultra Music Festival in Miami. The experimental rendering (it was accompanied by a live band with instruments and vocalists, including Blacc, Einziger and Incubus members Ben Kenney on bass and José Pasillas on drums)[4] reportedly confused and angered a section of the electronic dance festival community.[5][6] Subsequently, Avicii achieved critical and commercial success with the release of the single worldwide.
The Attic Door is a 2009 dramatic psychological thriller and the first feature-length film by director/writer Danny Daneau, from a script he co-wrote with Eric Ernst. Produced by Erica Harrell, the film stars Madison Davenport and Jake Johnson. The film was acquired by New Video and is now available for rent or download through various streaming sites. Set in the turn of the century American West, a young brother and sister must confront their greatest fear in a haunting and romantic story about growing up.
A series of unofficial referendums on native rights and good governance was held in Mexico on 21 March 1999. It was organised by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), who proposed the government function in the interests of the people, that the country demilitarize in order to promote peace, that indigenous Mexicans be fully included in national life and have their rights recognized in the constitution. While all these measures passed overwhelmingly, only around 2.5 million people voted in the referendum, while 37 million people voted in the general election the following year.
Festing Road SW15 Residents Honour Their Doppelganger Festive Road Participate Sign up for our free weekly newsletter Comment on this story on the On Saturday author David McKee unveiled the commerative paving stone to him and his creation the cartoon character Mr Benn. This happened in Festing Road, Putney which he renamed Festive Road for the series. In the series Mr Benn leaves his terrace house and goes to a dressing up shop and from there into different adventures. On the day nearly twenty Mr Benn's and their families dressed as Mr Benn characters-clowns, chefs, knights, pirates, cavemen not to mention the distinctive shop keeper in his fez and coloured waistcoat ï¿½all turned up to celebrate. Nearly 100 turned up for the event which was filmed by ITV News and well as an independent film crew. Councillor ex Wandsworth mayor Jim Madden said a few words but the day belonged to David McKee and the present residents of Festing Road . The author personally drew Mr Benn in the dozen or so books which had been donated by the publishers as prizes for the children's fancy dress. Special mention must go to Ben Nicholson (wizard) and Zac Hyner (caveman). After the unveiling the party went back to no 52(Mr Benn's house in the series) and enjoyed refreshment and a specially made cake shaped as the distinctive bowler. Street resident and organiser Hugh Thompson said: ï¿½It was a wonderful day for the street and fans came from all over London, quite incredible. David was an absolute saint, such a modest genius. All Mr Benn stories end with the world being a better place and this one was no exception .Deeper friendships and a stronger sense of community have been achieved in the street and the world now has a permanent Residents dressed up as characters from Mr Benn's adventures reminder of one of its favourite cartoon characters". Current residents clubbed together to purchase the paving stone as a tribute to author & illustrator and ex-resident David. In 1965 When David McKee purchased his house on Festing Road he paid £4,200 - to buy it today would cost over £800,000! November 30, 2009
Jon Watts -LRB- born June 28 , 1981 -RRB- is an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Watts directed and co-wrote the upcoming Marvel Studios and Sony Pictures produced Spider-Man : Homecoming , slated for a July 7 , 2017 release . He directed the films Clown and Cop Car and episodes of the Onion News Network .
The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre.
Zeus Gaia resented the way Zeus had treated the Titans, because they were her children. Soon after taking the throne as king of the gods, Zeus had to fight some of Gaia's other children, the monsters Typhon and Echidna. He vanquished Typhon and trapped him under Mount Etna, but left Echidna and her children alive.
Lay's potato chips in the White House kitchen, cable news at 6 a.m., Andrew Jackson's portrait in the Oval Office and nights alone in the suite where Lincoln slept: Trump's White House revealed. President Donald Trump has only been residing in the White House for five days, but he's already put his mark on the executive mansion. New York Times reporter Maggie Haberman talked on the phone with the president yesterday and was given a number of details about the new POTUS' schedule, habits and quirks.
Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who) "Twice Upon a Time" is an episode of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, written by Steven Moffat, directed by Rachel Talalay, and was broadcast as the thirteenth Christmas special on 25 December 2017 on BBC One. It features the final regular appearance of Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor, the first official appearance of Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, and guest-stars David Bradley as the First Doctor, having previously portrayed original First Doctor actor William Hartnell in the 2013 docudrama An Adventure in Space and Time. Pearl Mackie guest stars as the Twelfth Doctor's former companion Bill Potts, while his other companions make guest appearances - Jenna Coleman as Clara Oswald and Matt Lucas as Nardole.
The Guide Railway Raju (nicknamed) is a disarmingly corrupt tour guide who is famous among tourists. He falls in love with a beautiful dancer, Rosie, the neglected wife of archaeologist Marco. Marco doesn't approve of Rosie's passion for dancing. Rosie, encouraged by Raju, decides to follow her dreams and start a dancing career. They start living together, but Raju's mother doesn't approve their relationship, and leaves them. Raju becomes Rosie's stage manager and soon, with the help of Raju's marketing tactics, Rosie becomes a successful dancer. Raju, however, develops an inflated sense of self-importance and tries to control her life and he wants to build as much wealth as possible. Raju gets involved in a case of forgery and gets a two-year sentence. After completing the sentence, Raju passes through a village where he is mistaken for a sadhu (a spiritual guide). Since he doesn't want to return in disgrace to Malgudi, he decides to stay in an abandoned temple, close to the village. There is a famine in the village and Raju is expected to keep a fast in order to make it rain. Raju confesses the entire truth about his past to Velan, who had developed a complete faith in Raju like the rest of the villagers. With media publicizing his fast, a huge crowd gathers (much to Raju's resentment) to watch him fast. After fasting for several days, he goes to the riverside one morning as part of his daily ritual, where his legs sag down as he feels that the rain is falling in the hills. The ending of the novel leaves unanswered the question of whether he died, and whether the drought ended.
DNA DNADNA is the molecule that is the hereditary material in all living cells. Genes are made of DNA, and so is the genome itself. A gene consists of enough DNA to code for one protein, and a genome is simply the sum total of an organism's DNA. DNA is long and skinny, capable of contorting like a circus performer when it winds into chromosomes. It's skinny as a whip and smart as one too, containing all the information necessary to build a living organism. In a very real sense, DNA is information. What is DNA made of? DNA is a very large molecule, made up of smaller units called nucleotides that are strung together in a row, making a DNA molecule thousands of times longer than it is wide. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a structure called a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is the part of the nucleotide that carries genetic information, so the words "nucleotide" and "base" are often used interchangeably. The bases found in DNA come in four varieties: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine—often abbreviated as A, C, G, and T, the letters of the genetic alphabet. How did people find out that DNA is the hereditary material? DNA was largely ignored for decades after a German chemist, Friedrich Miescher, first isolated the white, slightly acidic substance from the nucleus of cells in 1869. No one knew what DNA's function was—in fact, some doubted that it had a function at all—so they pretty much left the stuff alone. Very few people thought that DNA could be the hereditary material. Early studies of DNA suggested, erroneously, that the molecule was made up of the same sequence of four bases repeated over and over—ACGTACGTACGT… for example. No one could imagine how such a monotonously simple molecule could contain the information necessary to build a living organism. But during the 1930s and 1940s, new experiments began to suggest that DNA might, in fact, be important. It turned out that different strains of bacteria can exchange DNA and that when they do certain traits, such as the ability to cause disease in humans, can be passed from one strain of bacteria to another. Scientists also learned that when a virus infects a cell it injects its DNA into the cell, which then produces many copies of the virus, suggesting that DNA contains instructions for building viruses. And they found that different species of organisms have different proportions of bases in their DNA—one species might have DNA that is 30 percent A, 20 percent C, 20 percent G, and 30 percent T, while another might have 20 percent A, 30 percent C, 30 percent G, and 20 percent T. People began to think that genetic information might be written in the differences between the DNA bases of different species. What does DNA look like? A DNA molecule is a double helix, a structure that looks much like a ladder twisted into a spiral. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules, the sugar of one nucleotide linked to the phosphate of the next. DNA is often said to have a sugar and phosphate "backbone. "Each rung of the ladder is made of two nitrogenous bases linked together in the middle. The length of a DNA molecule is often measured in "base pairs," or bp—that is, the number of rungs in the ladder. Sometimes, this unit of measurement is shortened simply to "bases. "The structure of DNA was worked out in 1953 by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, who worked together in the Cavendish laboratory in Cambridge, England. By the time they began their work in the early 1950s, it was clear that DNA is the hereditary material, and scientists were racing to find out more about the long-ignored molecule, picking apart the implications of each new detail. Everyone knew they couldn't really understand how DNA works until they understood how its nucleotide building blocks are put together. When Watson and Crick joined the race, they were supposed to be investigating the structure of proteins. But they were both convinced that DNA was a more important molecule, and they shared a passionate interest in finding out its structure. Like kids hiding comic books inside a copy of Moby Dick, they snuck away from their protein work to think about DNA whenever they could. While many other discoveries about DNA had emerged from laboratory experiments, Watson and Crick relied mainly on abstract thinking. They synthesized all the information that had been gathered about DNA, throwing out what was contradictory and trying to imagine a structure that would be consistent with as many pieces of known information as possible. Watson and Crick also liked to play with toys. Specifically, they played with ball-and-stick molecular models to gain an understanding of how nucleotides might fit together in three dimensions. They put models together and took them apart, drew molecular diagrams on paper and scratched them out. Eventually, when they hit on the idea of the double helix, everything else they knew about DNA seemed to fall into place. For example, they realized that if sugar and phosphate molecules formed the sides of the ladder, then any sequence of bases could form the rungs of the ladder, and genetic information could be encoded in the order of the bases. They also realized that the ladder would only fit together if the rungs were formed by specific pairs of bases. Specifically, A must always pair with T, and C with G. Any other combination and the sides of the ladder would be too far apart or too close together. This helped explain why, although the amount of each base can vary from species to species, the amounts of A and T are always equal, as are the amounts of C and G. In other words, the order of bases on one DNA strand, or side of the ladder, determines the bases on the other side of the ladder. Thus, DNA sequences are often written as if DNA were only single-stranded: AGTCTGGAT…. Scientists need sequence only one DNA strand in order to know the sequence of both strands.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous Top of page Continue Genome News Network is an editorially independent online publication of the J. Craig Venter Institute. © 2000 - 2004 J. Craig Venter Institute. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Light can penetrate through small volumes of water without much of a problem, but when you have a large basin (oceans, lakes, etc), the light stops completely penetrating the water. The visible light will stop starting with higher wavelengths, leaving blue as one of the last colors to be seen in water. If you dive even further down in to the deep ocean, you will see that it is completely dark because not even the blue light will be able to reach such depths.
In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat John G. Carlisle of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed in nomination for the speakership J. Warren Keifer of Ohio, who was Speaker the previous Congress. Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader. He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries." Keifer received "the empty honor of the minority nomination. But with it came a sting -- for while this naturally involves the floor leadership, he was deserted by his [partisan] associates and his career as a national figure terminated ingloriously." Representative Thomas Reed, R-ME, who later became Speaker, assumed the de facto role of minority floor leader in Keifer's stead. "[A]lthough Keifer was the minority's candidate for Speaker, Reed became its acknowledged leader, and ever after, so long as he served in the House, remained the most conspicuous member of his party.
BBC SPORT \| Olympics \| GB Olympians power to new heights GB Olympians power to new heights Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory. Video - Watch Christine Ohuruogu's thrilling 400m race (UK users only) Christine Ohuruogu's stunning 400m victory brought Team GB's gold medal haul to 16 as Britain sealed their best Olympic performance for a century. Earlier, Scottish cyclist Chris Hoy became the first Briton to win three golds in a Games for 100 years, beating GB's Jason Kenny in the sprint final. Victoria Pendleton won the women's version of the sprint, while sailor Paul Goodison landed the Laser class. Ohuruogu's win followed a silver medal for high jumper Germaine Mason. BRITAIN'S MEDAL TALLY 16 gold, 9 silver, 8 bronze 2004: 30 9 gold, 9 silver, 12 bronze 2000: 28 11 gold, 10 silver, 7 bronze 1996: 15 1 gold, 8 silver, 6 bronze 1920: 42 14 gold, 15 silver, 13 bronze *As at 1600 BST on 19 August Tuesday yielded a total of four gold medals and two silvers for Britain, while a boxing bronze was guaranteed, as the team retained third place in the medals table. With five days of action still remaining, this is already the second best display ever produced by a team of British Olympians. British Olympic Association chef de mission Simon Clegg said: "It has been another outstanding day and a great gold medal on the track by Christine who ran a fantastic race." Team GB's 16 golds is their greatest haul since claiming a British all-time record of 56 gold medals at the 1908 Olympics in London. That tally came amid a collection of 146 medals in total, but will almost certainly never be surpassed, given there were only British entries in some events including polo and rackets. Ohuruogu sank to her knees in disbelief after becoming the first British woman to win the Olympic 400m title. The east Londoner produced a stirring finish to overhaul favourite Sanya Richards and add Olympic gold to her world title won in Osaka last year. Her victory in Beijing comes a year after she completed a 12-month ban for missing three out-of-competition drugs tests. Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory. Video - Sailor Goodison wins GB's 13th gold "You never think it's a reality, it's something you dream about. As I came across the line I thought 'oh my gosh' - I don't know what to say," said the 24-year-old. A brilliant Tuesday for Team GB began with Goodison clinching Britain's third sailing gold of the Olympics. "It just feels unbelievable. It's going to take a while to sink in but wow," said 30-year-old Goodison, from Sheffield. His triumph was followed up at the Laoshan cycling velodrome, where Pendleton claimed Britain's seventh cycling title of the Games before Hoy added an eighth. "It doesn't feel real yet. I'm so glad I'm part of it," said Pendleton, of Hitchin, Hertfordshire. Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory. Video - Third gold for Hoy Hoy secured his third win in the men's sprint, adding to his victories in the team sprint and the keirin. He is the first British athlete to seal the treble at one summer Games since swimmer Henry Taylor at the London Games in 1908. "I was vaguely aware of the history, people tell you about it. But I tried to make it the furthest thought from my mind," said the 32-year-old Hoy. "And that's why the emotions come out at the end. You bottle it for so long that it just erupts at the end." The double triumph on the cycling track followed the men's pursuit team of Bradley Wiggins, Paul Manning, Geraint Thomas and Ed Clancy who destroyed Denmark to bring up Team GB's 12th overall gold on Monday. Cannot play media. Sorry, this media is not available in your territory. Video - Pendleton storms to cycling gold And in athletics, a surprise silver medal came from Mason in the high jump on Tuesday. Britain's overall medal tally now stands at 33, including nine silver and eight bronze. Aside from cycling, the other gold medals have come in rowing (two), sailing (three), swimming (two) and athletics (one). British super-
Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply "the Village", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as an artists' haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement, and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and '60s counterculture movements. "Groenwijck", one of the Dutch names for the village (meaning "Green District"), was Anglicized to "Greenwich". Two of New York's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village.
Scottish Clootie Dumpling Recipe - Fruit Suet Pudding 1 teaspoon of baking powder 1 teaspoon of cinnamon 4 tablespoons of milk 1 tablespoon of flour for the cloth Use discount code SR1601 at checkout for 10% off & free delivery on orders with a subtotal over £30 at online butcher Donald Russell , cannot be used with any other discount codes and will not apply to half price steak selections. The Drummer Boy is my latest novel about the ghost of a Gordon Highlander Drummer Boy from the Battle of Waterloo who haunts a modern day army nurse. Chapters take place in modern day Aberdeen, at the Noose & Monkey bar and restaurant as well as His Majestyï¿½s Theatre and Garthdee. Other scenes take place at Tidworth and during the Napoleonic War. on most devices. How To Make Clootie Dumpling 1. Rub the suet into the flour and add oatmeal, baking powder, sugar, sultanas and currants and the ginger and cinnamon. Blend together and add the eggs and syrup. Stir well and add just enough milk to firm. 2. If you are using a cloth (cloot), put it into boiling water first then spread onto your table and sprinkle a liberal amount of flour over the inside. Put the mixture into the middle and tie up, leaving a wee bit of space for the mixture to expand. Taste Ye Back: Great Scots and the Food That Made Them describes how the traditional skin is formed by the sprinkling of flour and sugar into the cloot cloth before it is filled with the mixture. The clootie dumpling skin would have traditionally been dried in front of the open fireplace though modern cooks may now do the drying of the skin in the oven. Though the actor and entertainer John Barrowman (Captain Jack Harkness in Torchwood) describes his mum's way of forming the skin on their clootie dumpling as each family member taking a turn to slap the dumplings bum prior to it going into the pot of boiling water! Traditionally silver pennies would be added to the Cootie Dumpling mixture. Sue Lawrence in her book Scots Cooking: The Best Traditional and Contemporary Scottish Recipes suggests wrapping 5p pieces or charms in waxed or greaseproof paper and adding these to the mixture which Sue spells as Cloutie Dumpling. The book Nick Nairn's New Scottish Cookery suggests using an old pillowcase or a square of muslin as an alternative for the cloot. 3. Place an upside-down saucer at the bottom of a deep pan and put the tied cloot in and cover with boiling water and simmer for about 3 hours. The saucer stops the cloot sticking to the pan. 4. If you'd rather use a bowl it will need to be greased before adding the mixture. Leave an inch space at the top for the pudding to expand. Cover with greaseproof paper and tie. I am often asked how long will Clootie Dumpling keep for and stored? It never lasts long in our household because we love to eat it quickly! However many chefs and bakers recommend no longer than two months depending on the conditions it is kept. Scottish Recipes are always happy to answer questions about Clootie Dumpling. Here is one example: How do I get a skin to form on my clootie dumpling? The skin is formed when the pudding dries out. Different chefs have differing ways on how to form a skin on clootie dumpling. Some like to sprinkle it with caster sugar and put it into a warmed oven at about 100 C for 20 to 30 minutes or until the shiny skin forms. Others still prefer the traditional method of drying the clootie dumpling in front of the fire. However few homes have the old fashioned kitchen ranges and coal fires needed so the moderate heat of the oven is needed with or without the sprinkling of the caster sugar. Patience is also needed to form the skin, so do let it cool down on your kitchen table. If you like our Traditional Scottish Recipes and would like to easily share them with your friends and family please use the social networking buttons below: Maw Broon's Cookbook has a Scottish suet pudding recipe much like the above clootie recipe though it uses self raising flour instead of plain flour and additional ingredients such as bread crumbs, a grated apple, brown
Grape varieties - Regulatory Board of Denominación de Origen Rioja Grape varieties Vinification and ageing Grape varieties The experience of grape growers and wine makers has resulted in a selection of those grape varieties that best adapt to the region’s climate and soils, while producing wine of the highest quality. This historical process has now been complemented by the innovative drive of the wine industry, always on top of market evolution and demands. This led to the approval of new grape varieties in 2007 for the first time since the Designation was created in 1925. The primary goal behind this is to achieve greater competitiveness in white wines and to bring diversity to wine production while maintaining the wines’ identity and differentiation. The grape varieties that are currently authorised by the Regulations of the D. O. Ca. Rioja are: RED: TEMPRANILLO, GARNACHA, GRACIANO, MAZUELO y MATURANA TINTA. WHITE: VIURA, MALVASÍA, GARNACHA BLANCA, TEMPRANILLO BLANCO, MATURANA BLANCA, TURRUNTÉS, CHARDONNAY, SAUVIGNON BLANC Y VERDEJO. Tempranillo Considered native to Rioja, it is the wine region’s most typical grape. It is the origin of the identity of its wines and one of the great grape varieties in the world. It occupies more than 75% of the region’s vineyards and it is very versatile from an oenological viewpoint. It is capable of producing wines that can withstand long ageing periods, with a good balance of alcohol content, colour and acidity, and an honest, smooth, fruity mouthfeel that turns velvety as it ages. Regarding its agronomic performance, it sets well but is highly sensitive to pests and disease and not very resistant to drought or high temperatures. Its name comes from the Spanish “temprano” meaning “early” and it does in fact ripen quite early. There are varying degrees of similarity with the various varieties that are purportedly the same as Tempranillo de Rioja. This ranges from almost complete similarity in the case of Cencibel, Tinto de Madrid, Tinto del País and Tinto Fino to more distant resemblances such as Tinto de Toro and Ull de Llebre. Tempranillo is currently widely planted across Spain because of its proven quality. It is an authorised grape variety in no less than 28 designations of origin, of which 12 consider it as their main variety or one of the preferred varieties. Garnacha Tinta This grape variety native to Spain is the most extensively grown variety in the world . In Rioja, it complements the Tempranillo with its aromas and body. With good extract and alcohol content, its wines vary depending on environmental conditions (temperature) and tending practices (production). In warm areas, it produces the kind of wine that has given it its reputation as a rugged grape but in cool areas it produces very interesting, well-balanced wines, particularly rosés. Prone to coulure, this is nonetheless a hardy plant, able to withstand periods of drought, and also fairly resistant to pests and major vine diseases such as rust mites and powdery mildew; hence its popularity among growers. Synonyms found in ampelographic collections around the world include: Abundante, Alicante, Cannonaddu, Cannonaddu Nieddu, Cannonao, Cannonau Selvaggio, Canonazo, Carignane Rosso, Garnaccho Negro, Garnatxa País, Gironet, Granaccia, Granaxa, Grenache Rouge, Lladoner, Retagliad Nieddu, Rivesaltes, Rousillon Tinto, Rousillon, Tinto Aragonés, Tinto Navalcarnero, Uva di Spagna. Graciano Graciano is an indigenous grape variety and its cultivation is very limited in other areas. Shown to be an excellent complement to Tempranillo in the ageing process, this grape has a promising future in Rioja, where its planted surface area has increased significantly in the last few years, although it has yet to reach pre-phylloxera figures. It requires clay-limestone soils and a cool climate. It is fairly resistant to mildew and powdery mildew, with low fertility rates and late maturing. It offers wines with a marked acidity and polyphenolic content, ideal for ageing, with a unique aroma that is much more intense than thos
Towns Towns Towns Think of Anglesey and you’ll no doubt picture our stunning coastline, but venture a little further and you’ll find beautiful towns and villages that are well worth exploring. Holyhead may be best known for being the busiest UK Irish Ferry port, but it‘s also home to the Breakwater Country Park , ideal for bird watching and experiencing wildlife first hand. For history and art discover Llangefni , often referred to as the cultural centre of Anglesey. Alternatively, explore the Copper Kingdom and old harbour in the peaceful town of Amlwch . On the banks of the Menai Strait you’ll find the pretty town of Menai Bridge , home to two stunning bridges , Thomas Telford’s Menai Suspension Bridge and the Robert Stephenson’s Britannia Bridge. In town you’ll find great pubs and restaurants, while a stroll along the Belgium promenade to the church of St Tysilio offers stunning views of the Strait itself. But if the coast is too much of a temptation head to Beaumaris , a captivating seaside town where you can stroll by the seafront, along its recently refurbished pier and enjoy distant views of Snowdonia, or wander through charming streets with their picturesque colourful cottages. Other Things to do 'What's On' 'Anglesey is an island that is truly alive with verve and whether the summer sun is gently warming the soft sand on our beautiful beaches, or the autumn winds are...' 'Where To Stay' 'Anglesey has everything you need for a truly unforgettable stay. There are quaint, quiet harbours to help you relax or rugged and mysterious coastlines ready to inspire...' Other Attractions 'Amlwch' 'The town of Amlwch, on the north east coast of Anglesey, is a major draw for those interested in industrial heritage. ' 'Beaumaris' 'Beaumaris is a captivating seaside town, with its mix of medieval, Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian architecture. ' 'Holyhead' 'The origins of Holyhead (Caergybi) date from 450AD, when Celtic King Caswallon defeated Irish invaders on Holy Island.' 'Llangefni' 'Llangefni is Anglesey’s county town and principal administrative centre. It is also a major cultural centre.' 'Menai Bridge' 'Situated on the banks of the Menai Strait, Menai Bridge’s two impressive bridges provide Anglesey’s physical links with the mainland.' Receive the latest news & updates FIND US
Who is new Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi? An error occurred with this part of the page, sorry for the inconvenience. Who is new Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi? Aug 28, 2017 Jon Russell Uber’s search for a replacement for its former co-founder CEO Travis Kalanick looks to have reached its conclusion. Dara Khosrowshahi, the current CEO of Expedia, has been officially offered ... Tribe combines arcade games with group video chat10 hours ago Josh Constine Sick of chatting but want to stay connected? Tribe‘s app lets you play clones of Space Invaders, Flappy Bird, Fruit Ninja, Name That Tune and more while video chatting with up to seven friend... Department of Energy hosts competition to train cyber defense warriors13 hours ago Danny Crichton From leaked passwords to identity theft, cybersecurity issues are constantly in the news. Few issues, though, are as important — or as under-reported by the media — as the security of America’s ind... 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What Zuckerberg’s congressional testimony doesn’t say14 hours ago Jonathan Shieber There’s a lot of keen analytical hindsight on display in Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg’s written testimony to Congress ahead of his appearance at hearings on Wednesday, but n... Congress should demand Zuckerberg move to ‘one share, one vote’14 hours ago Danny Crichton Mark Zuckerberg is an autocrat, and not hypothetically. Through his special voting rights held in Facebook’s Class B shares, he wields absolute command of the company, while owning just a handful o... Apple says its global facilities are now powered by 100-percent clean energy15 hours ago Brian Heater Last week, Apple called out the Environmental Protection Agency’s plan to rollback the Obama-era Clean Power Plan. The company cited both the obvious environmental impact of such a move, along with... Holberton raises $8M for its full-stack engineering school15 hours ago Frederic Lardinois Over the course of the last few years, the Holberton School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Engineering has made a name for itself as one of the more comprehensive coding schools. The two-year program t... Duolingo adds new language exercises and revamps its leveling system16 hours ago Frederic Lardinois Duolingo today launched one of its biggest updates in recent years. The company is introducing a range of new exercise types, as well as a new leveling system that lets you choose between delving d... HQ Trivia finally gets social with ‘Friends on HQ’ update16 hours ago Lucas Matney The popular quiz startup HQ Trivia is beginning to roll out the first of many new social features to its app focused on leveraging competition with friends and family during game time. HQ Trivia ha... 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S. election18 hours ago Josh Constine The most interesting part of Mark Zuckerberg’s prepared testimony for Congress that was released today shows that Facebook has been fighting Russian election interference since before the 201... This is Mark Zuckerberg’s prepared statement for Congress18 hours ago Jordan Crook Ahead of Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony before Congress on Wednesday, the House Energy and Commerce Committee has released the Facebook CEO’s prepared statement. In it, Zuckerberg explains... Facebook will tell you today if Cambridge Analytica had access to your data19 hours ago Brian Heater Last week, Facebook revealed that 87 million or so users potentially had their data improperly shared with Cambridge Analytica — and you’ve no doubt been wondering if yours is among them. Today the... 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Many people equate low water flow to low system pressure. While it is true that many causes of low water pressure are due to low system pressure, low water flow can also be caused by high pressure. Pressure is typically measured at the pressure gauge on top of the system filter. This blog post will discuss causes of low water flow due to both low and high system pressure.
No. Pepto Bismol is for diarrhea and upset stomach. It will make you more constipated as it helps harden the stool. Eat some figs or prunes. Drink lots of water.If all else fails a warm water enema will provide relief in minutes.est Answer: Pepto won't do anything for constipation, it's used when you have diarrhea. You need to use a stool softener (like docusate) or laxative (like senna or milk of magnesia). Source(s): Pharmacist. daddyrx Â· 4 years ago.
Pacific Rim is a 2013 American science fiction monster film directed by Guillermo del Toro , and starring Charlie Hunnam , Idris Elba , Rinko Kikuchi , Charlie Day , Burn Gorman , Robert Kazinsky , Max Martini and Ron Perlman . The screenplay is by Travis Beacham and del Toro , with a story by Beacham . The film is set in the future , when Earth is at war with the Kaiju , colossal monsters which have emerged from an interdimensional portal on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean . To combat the monsters , humanity unites to create the Jaegers , gigantic humanoid mechas each controlled by at least two pilots , whose minds are joined by a mental link . Focusing on the war 's later days , the story follows Raleigh Becket , a washed-up Jaeger pilot called out of retirement and teamed with rookie pilot Mako Mori as part of a last-ditch effort to defeat the Kaiju . Principal photography began on November 14 , 2011 , in Toronto and lasted through April 2012 . The film was produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . It was released on July 12 , 2013 , including in 3D and IMAX 3D , receiving generally positive reviews ; the visual effects , action sequences and the nostalgic style were highly praised . While it underperformed at the box office in the United States , it was highly successful in other markets . It earned a worldwide total of more than $ 411 million -- $ 114 million in China alone , its largest market -- becoming Del Toro 's most commercially successful film to date . A sequel titled Pacific Rim : Uprising , directed by Steven S. DeKnight and produced by Del Toro , and with Kikuchi , Day , and Gorman reprising their roles , is scheduled for release on February 23 , 2018 .
`` Rich Girl '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album , Love . Angel . Music . Baby . -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . Produced by Dr. Dre , the track features American rapper Eve , and is a remake of Louchie Lou & Michie One 's 1993 song of the same name , which is in turn an adaptation of the Fiddler on the Roof song `` If I Were a Rich Man '' . Stefani says the song discusses her dreams of fame and riches from the perspective of `` when she was just an Orange County girl '' . The last song to be included on the album , `` Rich Girl '' was released as the album 's second single in late 2004 to mixed reviews from music critics . It was a commercial success , reaching the top 10 on most of the charts it entered . In the United States , `` Rich Girl '' was certified gold , and it received a nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 47th Grammy Awards .
Coal mining in India Unscientific mining practices adopted by some of them and poor working conditions of labor in some of the private coal mines became matters of concern for the Government. On account of these reasons, the Central Government took a decision to nationalize the private coal mines. The nationalization was done in two phases, the first with the coking coal mines in 1971-72 and then with the non-coking coal mines in 1973. In October, 1971, the Coking Coal Mines (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1971 provided for taking over in public interest of the management of coking coal mines and coke oven plants pending nationalization. This was followed by the Coking Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1972 under which the coking coal mines and the coke oven plants other than those with the Tata Iron & Steel Company Limited and Indian Iron & Steel Company Limited, were nationalized on May 1, 1972 and brought under the Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), a new Central Government Undertaking. Another enactment, namely the Coal Mines (Taking Over of Management) Act, 1973, extended the right of the Government of India to take over the management of the coking and non-coking coal mines in seven States including the coking coal mines taken over in 1971. This was followed by the nationalization of all these mines on May 1, 1973 with the enactment of the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973 which now is the piece of Central legislation determining the eligibility of coal mining in India.[14]
In most taxonomies, the flowering plants are treated as a coherent group. The most popular descriptive name has been Angiospermae (Angiosperms), with Anthophyta ("flowering plants") a second choice. These names are not linked to any rank. The Wettstein system and the Engler system use the name Angiospermae, at the assigned rank of subdivision. The Reveal system treated flowering plants as subdivision Magnoliophytina (Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, Phytologia 79: 70 1996), but later split it to Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, and Rosopsida. The Takhtajan system and Cronquist system treat this group at the rank of division, leading to the name Magnoliophyta (from the family name Magnoliaceae). The Dahlgren system and Thorne system (1992) treat this group at the rank of class, leading to the name Magnoliopsida. The APG system of 1998, and the later 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat the flowering plants as a clade called angiosperms without a formal botanical name. However, a formal classification was published alongside the 2009 revision in which the flowering plants form the Subclass Magnoliidae.
St. David's Day -- Dydd Dewi Sant -- March 1 Advanced Search St. David’s Day — Dydd Dewi Sant St. David, Dewi Sant, is the patron saint of the Welsh, and March 1, his feast day, is celebrated as a patriotic and cultural festival by the Welsh in Wales and around the world. Dewi Sant was a Celtic monk of the sixth century. His mother was Non. The ruins of a small chapel dedicated to her memory may be seen near St. David’s Cathedral. Its ruins remain there now. His father was Sant, a son of Ceredig, King of Cardigan. Little is known for certain about Dewi Sant, but he founded several religious centers in Wales and western England, was consecrated archbishop during a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and led an ascetic life. An account of his life was written towards the end of the 11th century by Rhygyfarch, a monk at Llanbadarn Fawr near Aberystwyth. Many prophesies were said to have preceded the birth of Dewi Sant, and many miracles were attributed to him. One miracle often recounted is that once when Dewi was preaching to a crowd at Llandewi Brefi those on the outer edges could not hear, so he spread a handkerchief on the ground, and stood on it to preach, whereupon the ground swelled up beneath him, and all could hear. A short account of Dewi Sant has been given by Nona Rees in St. David of Dewisland. March 1, the date given by Rhygyfarch for the death of Dewi Sant, was celebrated as a religious festival up until the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. In the 18th century it became a national festival among the Welsh, and continues as such to this day. The celebration usually entails singing and eating, which may mean a meal followed by singing, or much singing followed by a Te Bach, tea with teisen bach and bara brith. Y Ddraig Goch , the Red Dragon, is flown as a flag or worn as a pin or pendant, and leeks are worn, and sometimes eaten. In schools in Wales the boys take leeks to school, status being given to those who bring the biggest leeks, and eat them earliest in the day. The heraldic emblem of Wales is Y Ddraig Goch, the Red Dragon. The emblem of Wales is the leek, arising from an occasion when a troop of Welsh were able to distinguish each other from a troop of English enemy dressed in similar fashion by wearing leeks. An alternative emblem developed in recent years is the daffodil, used and preferred over the leek by the English government as it lacks the overtones of patriotic defiance associated with the leek. St. David’s Day meetings are not boisterous celebrations of democracy and freedom in Wales, but rather the subdued remembrance allowed a captive nation under colonial rule. For more information …
International Business Machines Corporation -LRB- commonly referred to as IBM -RRB- is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk , New York , United States , with operations in over 170 countries . The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company -LRB- CTR -RRB- and was renamed `` International Business Machines '' in 1924 . IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware , middleware and software , and offers hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology . IBM is also a major research organization , holding the record for most patents generated by a business -LRB- as of 2017 -RRB- for 24 consecutive years . Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine -LRB- ATM -RRB- , the PC , the floppy disk , the hard disk drive , the magnetic stripe card , the relational database , the SQL programming language , the UPC barcode , and dynamic random-access memory -LRB- DRAM -RRB- . The IBM mainframe , exemplified by the System/360 , was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s . IBM has continually shifted its business mix by commoditizing markets focusing on higher-value , more profitable markets . This includes spinning off printer manufacturer Lexmark in 1991 and selling off its personal computer -LRB- ThinkPad/ThinkCentre -RRB- and x86-based server businesses to Lenovo -LRB- 2005 and 2014 , respectively -RRB- , and acquiring companies such as PwC Consulting -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , SPSS -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and The Weather Company -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Also in 2014 , IBM announced that it would go `` fabless '' , continuing to design semiconductors , but offloading manufacturing to GlobalFoundries . Nicknamed Big Blue , IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world 's largest employers , with -LRB- as of 2016 -RRB- nearly 380,000 employees . Known as `` IBMers '' , IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes , six Turing Awards , ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science .
The specific properties of a semiconductor depend on the impurities, or dopants, added to it. An N-type semiconductor carries current mainly in the form of negatively-charged electrons, in a manner similar to the conduction of current in a wire.A P-type semiconductor carries current predominantly as electron deficiencies called holes.A hole has a positive electric charge, equal and opposite to the charge on an electron. In a semiconductor material, the flow of holes occurs in a direction opposite to the flow of electrons.art of the Electronics glossary: A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid chemical element or compound, that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others, making it a good medium for the control of electrical current.
Argan oil is a plant oil produced from the kernels of the argan tree (Argania spinosa L.) that is endemic to to Algeria and Morocco. In Morocco, argan oil is used to dip bread in at breakfast or to drizzle on couscous or pasta.World-wide, it is gaining a reputation both as an ingredient in high-end, personal-care products and as a heart-healthy gourmet product.he fruit of the argan tree is small, and round, oval, or conical. A thick peel covers the fleshy pulp. The pulp surrounds a hard-shelled nut that represents about 25% of the weight of the fresh fruit. The nut contains one to three argan oil-rich kernels.
Time has long been a major subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science, but defining it in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars. Nevertheless, diverse fields such as business, industry, sports, the sciences, and the performing arts all incorporate some notion of time into their respective measuring systems. Some simple definitions of time include "time is what clocks measure", which is a problematically vague and self-referential definition that utilizes the device used to measure the subject as the definition of the subject, and "time is what keeps everything from happening at once", which is without substantive meaning in the absence of the definition of simultaneity in the context of the limitations of human sensation, observation of events, and the perception of such events.
Sir Francis Drake facts, information, pictures \| Encyclopedia.com articles about Sir Francis Drake COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. Sir Francis Drake The English navigator Sir Francis Drake (ca. 1541-1596) was the first of his countrymen to circumnavigate the globe. His daring exploits at sea helped to establish England's naval supremacy over Spain and other European nations. Francis Drake, the eldest son of a yeoman farmer, was born near Tavistock, Devonshire. His father later became a Calvinist lay preacher and raised his children as staunch Protestants. Young Drake received some education; he learned the rudiments of navigation and seaman-ship early and did some sailing near his home. The Drakes were related to the Hawkins family of Plymouth, well-to-do seamen and shipowners. The Hawkins connection got Drake a place on a 1566 slave-trading expedition to the Cape Verde Islands and the Spanish Main. First Command In 1567 John Hawkins made Drake an officer in a larger slave-trading expedition. Drake ultimately received command of one of Hawkins's ships, the Judith, and accompanied his relative to Africa, Rio de la Hacha, and Santa Marta, where Hawkins disposed of the slaves. The English were caught, however, in the harbor of San Juan de Ulúa by a Spanish fleet that opened fire without warning and destroyed most of their ships. Only Drake's Judith and Hawkins's small vessel escaped to England. Embittered by this, Drake resolved to devote his life to war against Spain. Elizabeth I of England and Philip II of Spain were not at war then, but grievances were steadily mounting. The Queen declined to offend Philip and would not allow Hawkins to go to sea again immediately, but she had no objections to a voyage by the obscure Drake. In 1569 Drake had married Mary Newman of Plymouth, but finding domesticity dull, he departed in 1570 for the Spanish Main with a small crew aboard the 25-ton Susan. He hoped to learn how the Spaniards arranged for shipping Peruvian treasure home, and he felt that the ports of Panama City and Nombre de Dios on the Isthmus of Panama were the key. His 1570 voyage was largely one of reconnaissance during which he made friends with the Cimaroons, who were escaped slaves dwelling out of Spanish reach on the Isthmus and stood ready to help him. During a 1571 expedition he captured Nombre de Dios with Cimaroon help but lost it immediately when, wounded, he had to be carried to safety. After depredations off Cartagena, he intercepted a Spanish gold train near Nombre de Dios and returned to England with the bounty. His arrival embarrassed the Queen, who still hoped for peace with Spain, and Drake evidently received a broad hint to leave the country temporarily. He is known to have served in Ireland with the Earl of Essex, who was trying to crush a rebellion in Ulster. By 1576 relations with Spain had worsened, and Drake returned to England, where a new expedition was being planned in which Elizabeth had a financial share. Drake's main instructions were to sail through the Strait of Magellan and probe for the shores of Terra Australis Incognita, the great southern continent that many thought began with Tierra del Fuego. Drake received five ships, the largest being the Pelican (later named the Golden Hind), and a crew of about 160. Adventures on the Golden Hind The fleet left Plymouth in December 1577 for the southern Atlantic, stopping at Port San Julián for the Southern Hemisphere winter. Ferdinand Magellan had once crushed a mutiny there, and Drake did the same. He tried and executed Thomas Doughty, an aristocratic member of the expedition, who had intrigued against him in an attempt to foment a rebellion. When Drake passed through the strait and entered the Pacific, only the Golden Hind remained; the other ships had been lost or had parted company. Contrary winds forced him southward, and he perhaps sighted Cape Horn; in any event, he realized that the two oceans came together and that Terra Australis would not be found there. He traveled along the coasts of Chile and Peru, capturing and destroying Spanis
The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is stomach pain. The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and long-term use of aspirin and certain other painkillers, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve, Anaprox, others). Stress and spicy foods do not cause peptic ulcers.
Liver Ultrasound Preparation guidelines. 1 Do not drink or eat at least 6 hours before the test. 2 On the day before the test, do not eat â fresh fruits and vegetables, fried and oily food, milk, eggs, bread. 3 What you should eat â cooked vegetables, puree, marmalade, honey, roasted bread, soup, and rice.

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