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You Don't Own Me "You Don't Own Me" is a popular song written by Philadelphia songwriters John Madara and David White and recorded by Lesley Gore in 1963, when Gore was 17Â years old. The song was Gore's second most successful recording and her last top-ten single. On November 27, 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs.[1]
is a Japanese video game designer . In 1996 , he founded the video game development company Vivarium . His latest game is Aero Porter , which is part of a collection of games called Guild01 for the Nintendo 3DS . In the Americas , Europe , and Australia , Aero Porter was released as a standalone game on the Nintendo eShop . Yoot also developed Odama for the Nintendo GameCube and Seaman 2 -LRB- released in Japan only -RRB- . His first major game release was SimTower , developed by his previous company OPeNBooK Co. , Ltd. and published by Maxis in 1994 . He was also involved in the sequel , Yoot Tower , the Game Boy Advance remake called The Tower SP , and the Nintendo DS remake called The Tower DS . After founding Vivarium , he published some of his most famous games , including Seaman , a virtual pet game which was one of the best selling titles for the Dreamcast in Japan , and Odama , a curious mix of pinball and real time strategy . Both of these games make use of their respective consoles ' microphone peripherals .
Historically, in North America, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the boll weevil. Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States. This program, along with the introduction of genetically engineered Bt cotton (which contains a bacterial gene that codes for a plant-produced protein that is toxic to a number of pests such as cotton bollworm and pink bollworm), has allowed a reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides.
`` Hell-O '' is the fourteenth episode of the American television series Glee . The episode premiered on the Fox network on April 13 , 2010 . It was written by series creator Ian Brennan and directed by Brad Falchuk . In `` Hell-O '' , cheer-leading coach Sue Sylvester -LRB- Jane Lynch -RRB- attempts to sabotage the relationship between glee club members Finn Hudson -LRB- Cory Monteith -RRB- and Rachel Berry -LRB- Lea Michele -RRB- . Glee club director Will Schuester -LRB- Matthew Morrison -RRB- attempts to begin a relationship with school guidance counsellor Emma Pillsbury -LRB- Jayma Mays -RRB- , but several obstacles come between them , including the coach of rival glee club Vocal Adrenaline . `` Hell-O '' introduces special guest stars Idina Menzel as Shelby Corcoran , the coach of Vocal Adrenaline , and Jonathan Groff as Jesse St. James , the group 's lead singer . Glee fans had previously lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel 's biological mother . The episode features cover versions of six songs , five of which were released as singles , available for digital download . The episode was watched by 13.66 million American viewers , making it the second-highest rated episode of the series thus far , after the post-Super Bowl XLV episode `` The Sue Sylvester Shuffle '' , and received mixed reviews from television critics . Vanity Fair Brett Berk and the Houston Chronicle Bobby Hankinson felt the episode was haphazard and uneven , while IGN 's Eric Goldman observed that `` Hell-O '' reset the events of the preceding episode `` Sectionals '' , and in doing so felt rushed . David Hinckley of the Daily News agreed with this assessment , but felt that resetting character development was a positive move in the long term .
Two teens are on the way to a Halloween party dressed as Romeo and Juliet when their car breaks down in front of a sinister mansion. Seeking help, they fall into a party of monsters led by Dr. Frankenstein, who immediately wants to transfer the boy's brain into his monster. Dracula also wants the girl for obvious reasons. Meanwhile Elvis has returned as a mummy and his new manager wants the boy's body for him. Lots of silliness results.
PHOTO BY LAURIE SKRIVAN/PD STAFF. A film crew follows recording artist Nelly as he performs for a music video on the sidewalk in the 3900 block of Maffitt Avenue on March 22, 2001. The rapper was in town with his group, the St. Lunatics, to film a video for their new single Midwest Swing..
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Medication Drugs & Diseases > Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Medication Updated: Apr 19, 2017Author: Nigel L Ashworth, MBCh B, MSc, FRCPC; Chief Editor: Milton J Klein, DO, MBA more... Print Medication Summary Short (1-2 wk) courses of regular NSAIDs can be of benefit if there is any suggestion of inflammation in the wrist region (eg, flexor tenosynovitis, rheumatoid arthritis ). Likewise, if edema is thought to be prominent, then a short course of a mild diuretic may be of benefit. Next: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs What to Read Next on Medscape Related Conditions and Diseases Overuse Injury Elbow and Forearm Overuse Injuries Quiz: What Do You Know About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Psoriatic Arthritis? Labor Day Quiz: Can You Help Curb the Cost of Occupational Illness and Injury? Fast Five Quiz: Can You Answer These Challenging Orthopedic Questions? Tools Drug Interaction Checker Pill Identifier Calculators Formulary Slideshow7 Common Indoor Cycling Injuries Most Popular Articles According to Orthopedists Evidence From Prospective Cohort Studies Does Not Support Current Dietary Fat Guidelines Fast Five Quiz: Test Yourself on Key Aspects of Neck Pain Researchers Debate 'Male Athlete Triad' Syndrome How Sports Empower Women Emergency Hip Surgery Best Done Within 24 Hours View More Overview Presentation DDx Workup Treatment Guidelines Medication Medication Summary Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors Diuretic agents Show All Follow-up Media Gallery References
Constituent Assembly of India At 11 am on 9 December 1946 the Assembly began its first session, with 208 members attending. By early 1947, representatives of the Muslim League and princely states joined, and the Assembly approved the draft constitution on 26 November 1949. On 26 January 1950 the constitution took effect (commemorated as Republic Day), and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India (continuing until after the first elections under the new constitution in 1952).
420 (cannabis culture) In 1971, five high school students – Steve Capper, Dave Reddix, Jeffrey Noel, Larry Schwartz, and Mark Gravich [4] – in San Rafael, California,[5][6] calling themselves the Waldos[7][8] because "their chosen hang-out spot was a wall outside the school",[9] used the term in connection with a 1971 plan to search for an abandoned cannabis crop that they had learned about,[7][10] based on a treasure map made by the grower.[11] The Waldos designated the Louis Pasteur statue on the grounds of San Rafael High School as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.[9] The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to simply "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a codeword that the teens used to mean consuming cannabis.[10]
Duhaime's Criminal Law Dictionary Duhaime's Law Dictionary Duhaime's Criminal Law Dictionary Criminal Law is that body of the law that deals with conduct considered so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, prosecuted and punished by the government. This dictionary is a listing of the criminal law terms present in our main Legal Dictionary . Absolute Liability Offences in which it is not open to a person to avoid liability on the ground that she or he acted under a reasonable mistake of fact which, if the facts had been as the accused believed them to be, would have made his act innocent. Alternative Measures Canada; a much lighter disposition of a criminal charge regarding an adult accused who would be prepared to plead guilty and which does not result in a criminal record or incarceration but instead usually results in a mild penalty such as community service, an apology to the victim or counseling. Defendant The individual, company or organization who defends a legal action taken by a plaintiff and against whom the court has been asked to order damages or specific corrective action redress some type of unlawful or improper action alleged by the plaintiff. Involuntary Manslaughter A criminal offence contingent on language in any given jurisdiction but, generally, the unlawful killing of a human being without malice in the commission of an unlawful act or in the commission of an act which might produce death, in an unlawful manner, or without due caution and circumspection. Miranda Warning A requirement that police officers, in the U.S.A., before any questioning is so begun, warn suspects upon arrest that they have the right to remain silent, that any statement that they make could be used against them in a court of law, that they have the right to contact a lawyer and that if they cannot afford a lawyer, that one will be provided. Plain Error Limited grounds upon which an appeal alleging deficient jury instructions will be allowed, which were not objected to at the time they were presented to the jury: the error must be so obvious or serious that the public reputation and integrity of the judicial proceeding is impaired. Plea Bargaining Negotiations during a criminal trial in which the accused agrees to admit to a smaller crime in exchange for which the prosecutor agrees to ask for a more lenient sentence than would have been recommended if the original charge had of been proceeded with. Search Warrant A court order that gives a police the permission to enter private property and to search for evidence of the commission of a crime, for the proceeds of crime or property that the police suspect may be used to commit a crime. Suspended Sentence A judicial prerogative retained by a sentencing judge on a person convicted of a crime by which the full sentencing of a convicted person is suspended or deferred until some future time commensurate with the convicted person’s compliance with the terms of an interim probation order. Torture The intentional infliction of pain or suffering on an animal or a person and as for the latter, even if for the purpose of obtaining information such as a confession or the names of accomplices, or as a punishment for crime. Waterboarding A criminal investigation interrogation technique whereby a person suspected of having or withholding relevant information is blindfolded and bound on their back, sometimes with the face covered with porous or nonporous material, and subjected to water poured over their mouth and nose such as to simulate drowning and to thus, under duress, elicit information. Young persons who, in many states, are treated differently than adult criminals and are tried in special youth courts. Always looking up definitions? Save time with our search provider (modern browsers only) If you find an error or omission in Duhaime's Law Dictionary, or if you have suggestion for a legal term, we'd love to hear from you ! LAWimage The template you are linking to has no template configured yet. Duhaime Lawisms The cock (male) swan is an emblem or representation of
Silvergate Prep Jeopardy Template 100 Princess Peach In video gaming, what is the name of the princess whom Mario repeatedly stops Bowser from kidnapping? 100 What does Woody from Toy Story have in his boot? 100 We just set a goal, talkin' matchin' Lambos 100 what is the hottest planet 100 Who was the second president of the United States? 200 What Nintendo system was released after the N64 and before the Wii 200 What animals portray surfer dudes in Finding Nemo? 200 Chains Nick jonas I gave all my heart but she won't heal my soul She tasted a break and I can't get more 200 All land-dwelling living things depend upon what source of energy 200 Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 300 What color is the ring of death on an Xbox that signifies a hardware failure? 300 Which Princess is in the Disney classic Aladdin? 300 Drake best i ever had Cause she hold me down every time I hit her up When I get right I promise that we gone live it up 300 The only planet that has a day longer than its year is ... 300 What did "prohibition" outlaw in the early 1900s? 400 In Mortal Kombat, what phrase is heard when scorpion uses his spear. 400 Which film does Eddie Murphy do the voice-over for a red Chinese dragon? 400 Beyonce irreplaceable Because you was untrue Rollin' her around in the car that I bought you Baby drop them keys Hurry up before your taxi leaves 400 Who was the first American to Orbit the Earth 400 Who allied with America during the Revolutionary war 500 The legend of Zelda Which 1986 Nintendo game is set in the fantasy land of Hyrule, and centres on a boy named Link? 500 Name the rock on which Simba will stand as King in Lion King 500 I want it that way Backstreet Boys Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a heartache Tell me why Ain't nothin' but a mistake Tell me why
World's Largest Gold Reserves. Below is a list of the largest gold reserves by country as of March 2016. The largest holders of gold are central banks, international organizations and governments. The United States has the largest gold reserves in the world. Germany and China hold the largest gold reserves in Europe and Asia, respectively. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the third-largest holder of gold, with 2,814 tonnes (90.5 million troy ounces). Source: World Gold Council. * West African Economic Monetary Union including the central bank.
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".
Hydrocodone Hydrocodone Call or chat Anytime. We’re Here for You. (800) 407-7195 Chat Now Treatment Support available 24/7Hydrocodone is a narcotic that is most widely known as Lortab, Vicodin or one of the many other brand names that the drug is commonly sold under. The semi-synthetic opiate is prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Hydrocodone is also sometime prescribed for persistent cough such as the cough that is associated with medical conditions including bronchitis or a chronic case of the common cold. Side Effects of Hydrocodone Various side effects may occur with the use of hydrocodone. Besides the dangers associated with the extended use of this drug, the following serious side effects should be addressed with your doctor immediately: Slowed breathing Irregular breathing Tightness in the chest Difficulty swallowing Call or chat Anytime. We’re Here for You. (800) 407-7195Treatment Support available 24/7The following side effects of taking hydrocodone are less severe but if they do persist or make taking the medication uncomfortable, you should talk to your doctor about a possible change in the medication you are taking: Misusing hydrocodone is dangerous and can lead to addiction. Nausea or vomiting Constipation Drowsiness or inability to stay awake Anxiety or nervousness Rash, itching or hives Mood swings or bi-polar like behaviors such as being abnormally happy or abnormally sad Brand Names Many different brand names exist for hydrocodone. According to the US National Library of Medicine, the drug is sold under a vast number of different generic and non-generic forms which include acetaminophen or ibuprofen in addition to the hydrocodone itself. Some of the most common brand names include: Tussionex Vicodin Lortab Entuss Lorcet Procet Vicoprofen Street Names On the streets, hydrocodone may be described by recreational users as: Hydro Hydros Vikes Tabs Loris357s Watsons Call or chat Anytime. We’re Here for You. (800) 407-719547,300People Addicted23,100Getting Help8,209DeathsStatistic from 2015The names mostly refer to the various brands of the drug with Watsons referring to Lortab and Vikes referring to Vicodin. Watson corporation is the maker of Lortab which is why this name is often used and 357s refers to the small numbers found on the back of some hydrocodone medications. Addiction Continued use of hydrocodone, especially taking the drug for recreational purposes, can lead to hydrocodone addiction . Hydrocodone is a schedule III narcotic which means that it does have a smaller risk of causing addiction than many narcotics but that there are still inherent dangers associated with the drug being taken for recreational purposes. Hydrocodone addiction can lead to physical dependence that is difficult to overcome. When the user stops taking hydrocodone, he or she will likely feel a number of withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sweating, diarrhea or discomfort. Fortunately, for those who do become addicted to hydrocodone, treatment is widely available in both residential and outpatient settings.10 Signs of Hydrocodone Addiction Treatment Most of the time, hydrocodone addiction treatment can take place in an outpatient setting in which the user will attend regularly scheduled counseling and therapy sessions. In more severe cases, there may be a need for inpatient treatment which consists of a hospital like, residential environment that provides around-the-clock monitoring and patient support. If you suspect that hydrocodone addiction is a problem in your life or in the life of a loved one, contact a treatment professional immediately for help. To learn more about hydrocodone abuse, addiction, and treatment options, call our toll-free helpline at (800) 407-7195.the Take-Away Hydrocodone is a type of pain reliever that treats moderate to severe pain. When the drug is abused, severe side effects can occur. Take Back Your Life. Call The 24Hr Addiction Hotline800-454-6704
Corporate Identity \| Rose Wade Corporate Identity For this next brief I have been asked to design a unique corporate marque/logotype. I have been given a list of companies which operate in different sectors to choose from. These company’s are: CYMATIC: Home Entertainment company (similar to SONY or PANASONIC etc) MODE: Clothing / fashion outlet (similar to NEXT or RIVER ISLAND or FCUK etc) NORTHSTAR: An airline company (similar to BRITISH AIRWAYS,VIRGIN etc) PRODIGY: Sports company (similar to NIKE, ADIDAS, REEBOK etc) ACTIVATE: A Fitness Centre Group (similar to ESPORTA, GREENS, VIRGIN etc) NOVA: Digital computer technology manufacturer (similar to APPLE or DELL etc) STARMAN: A Guitar Manufacturer (similar to GIBSON or FENDER etc) MAXIMA: Amplification and associated music products (similar to MARSHALL, VOX etc) LINK: Telecommunications (similar to ORANGE or NOKIA etc) VIGA: Broadband provider (similar to TALKTALK or PLUSNET etc)specialising in optical broadband REBEL: Street-wear clothing (similar to QUICKSILVER etc) ZENEX: Petrochemical company (similar to BP or Q8 etc) specialising in ecological fuels DIGITEC: An Educational establishment specialising in digital technologies. MYBANK: A UK-based bank (similar to HSBC or HALIFAX etc) Once I have chosen a company and created a suitable logo I am then to apply this to a range of elements in line with the corporate identity. Before I start to look into this I am going to research into existing corporate identities and logos. I started off with a search of some of the most popular and iconic corporate logos. I went onto Google and looked on a webpage by complex.com Here is the logo history from Nike. The company of Nike was founded in 1964 but the Logo wasn’t introduced until 1971. The designer of the logo was Carolyn Davidson and was paid $35 for her work. It is said that her inspiration was that of a greek goddess of victory, and the swoosh of the tick was to represent movement and speed. Nike’s in house designers then updated the logo at different stages 1978, 1985 and then 1995. The logo became so iconic and recognisable that they dropped the name as it was no longer needed. Here is the history of Coca-Cola. The company was founded in 1886 and has many different designers since then. Frank Mason Robinson (1887), Lippincott and Margulies (1968), Desgrippes Gobe and Associates (1998), and Turner Duckworth (2009). The first logo was in a spencerian script typeface, which was the principle style of formal handwriting at the time. The company decided to re-design the logo and made it more complex by added the swirls and then decided to change this to the iconic red colour that is now associated with Coca-Cola. Here are some examples of how Coca-Cola use their logo for branding. They have made good use of the bright red colour and the white stripe. This is is clear on almost every product from the company. It is an instant recognition of the brand, and it is clever how the designs all interlink with each other even though it is a simple design. This is a really strong design idea which has now become now of the most well known logo brands. McDonald’s was founded in 1940 and the logo was also introduced. When McDonald’s first launched the company was known as a barbecue, the company then went on to focus on hamburgers. From 1960 the famous yellow arches were designed and this was the new face of McDonald’s, this logo design was created by Stanley Meston. The inspiration for this was the architecture of the McDonald’s buildings. McDonald’s have kept with the same colour scheme of yellow and red until 2003. A New campaign was launched with the slogan “I’m Lovin’ It” which was then added to all the restaurants packaging, this was translated into many different languages. In 2006 the company decided to simplify the logo and launched another campaign called “Forever Young”. This was to introduce the most simplified logo design. This was a plain golden “M” which has remained the world wide symbol tp the present day. Starbucks along with its logo was founded in 1971
The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared to those who were not in an animal-assisted program.
The Golden Years: 1982 Deaths Music The big hits of 1982 came from The Jam with Town Called Malice, Dexy's Midnight Runners had Come On Eileen, Bucks Fizz with Land of Make Believe, Odyssey did Inside Out, and Adam and the Ants had Goody Two Shoes. German group, Kraftwerk got to #1 with The Model. Paul McCartney & Stevie Wonder had Ebony and Ivory at #1, while Tight Fit revived The Tokens' 1961 hit The Lion Sleeps Tonight. Sting covered Spread A Little Happiness, while Japan covered the old Smokey Robinson and the Miracles classic, I Second That Emotion. 1982 was the year of the “New Romantics”. Posters of Spandau Ballet, Duran Duran, ABC, Haircut 100, Flock Of Seagulls, and Wham, were on the bedroom walls of millions of young girls. Culture Club, led by Boy George, had their first hits, as did Yazoo, Tears For Fears, and Simple Minds. Elton John, Carly Simon, and Marvin Gaye were all back in the charts of 1982, while the Motown record label got a rare 80s number one with I've Never Been To Me by Charlene, that originally flopped when released in 1977. Irene Cara's Fame finally charted in the UK, having been a US hit in 1980. J Geils Band had Centerfold and Freeze Frame, Steve Miller finally got a UK top 10 hit with Abracadabra, as did fellow Americans John Cougar with Jack & Diane, and Survivor with Eye of the Tiger. Toni Basil scored with Mickey, Soft Cell had Torch, Human League had Mirror Man, and 14 years after his #1 with The Equals on Baby Come Back, Eddy Grant was back at #1 with I Don't Wanna Dance. Novelty hits of 1982 came from Renee & Renato with Save Your Love, Seven Tears by The Goombay Dance Band, Nicole—who won Eurovision—with A Little Peace, Trio with Da Da Da, Keith Harris & his duck Orville, Brown Sauce from TV's Swap Shop with I Wanna Be A Winner, and Brat who imitated tennis player John McEnroe's on court tantrums on Chalk Dust (The Umpire Strikes Back). Ex-lead singer of The Damned, Captain Sensible, was the surprise hit of 1982, as his version of Happy Talk hit #1. News Argentina invaded The Falkland Islands. British forces recaptured the islands in June, and Argentina surrendered. Michael Fagin broke into The Queen's bedroom for a chat. Henry VIII's warship, the Mary Rose, was raised from the seabed off Portsmouth. Prince William was born. IRA bombs exploded in parks in London. 20,000 Women circled the American airbase at Greenham Common to protest against the new Cruise missiles. Laker Airways collapsed. The Belfast car firm, DeLorean, went bust. Erika Roe streaked at an England vs Australia match. Mark Thatcher went missing in the Sahara Desert for 3 days. Prince Andrew went on holiday with model Koo Stark. Snow caused chaos in the worst winter for 20 years. 78 were killed, when a Boeing 747 crashed in blizzard conditions in America. Unemployment hit 3 million for the first time since the 1930s. A state of emergency was declared in Nicaragua. Israel invaded the Lebanon. The Iran/Iraq war escalated as Iran's Ayatollah Khomeni called on the Iraqis to rise up and overthrow Saddam Hussein. Plain-clothed police fired on members of the banned Solidarity trade union in Poland. Leader of the union, Lech Wałęsa, was freed after a year in detention. Australians Lindy & Michael Chamberlain went on trial, after claiming their baby was killed by a dingo. Ozzy Osbourne was taken to hospital, after biting the head off a live bat thrown at him during a concert. Actress Sophia Loren was jailed in Italy for tax evasion. Elvis Presley's mansion, Graceland, was opened to the public. Pope John Paul II visited Britain. Paul Weller announced The Jam were splitting up. Michael Jackson released his album Thriller. New in 1982 Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Blade Runner An Officer and a Gentleman Ghandi
Paramilitary groups and their supporters protesting against US airstrikes in Iraq withdrew from Washington's embassy in Baghdad on Wednesday. US security forces guarding the embassy in Baghdad had earlier fired tear gas at pro-Iranian protesters outside the building on Wednesday. By early evening, most protesters appeared to have complied with a call by the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) — an umbrella group of mainly Shiite militia — to withdraw. The group said the demonstrators' "message has been heard." Tensions have escalated dramatically after thousands of supporters of the Hashed al-Shaabi paramilitary force attempted to storm the US Embassy in Iraq the previous day. A large group camped outside the building overnight, angry at US airstrikes that killed 25 pro-Iran fighters over the weekend. They set up about 50 tents and even portable bathrooms after marching unimpeded into the high-security Green Zone. On Tuesday, protesters set fire to part of the wall surrounding the US embassy Rising tensions US Marines worked to disperse the crowd as more people turned up for the second day of action, some of whom lit a fire on the roof of the reception area. In response to the tear gas, some members of the crowd hurled stones towards the embassy. Several protesters were reported injured. Hashed al-Shaabi later released a statement calling on its supporters to withdraw from the embassy perimeter. Iraq's INA state news agency reported that protesters heeded the call and began to withdraw. Marines deployed US President Donald Trump has blamed Iran for the mobbing of the embassy. The US has announced it will deploy an infantry battalion of about 750 soldiers to the region. Overnight, a rapid response team of Marines flew in to reinforce the embassy. Trump threatened Iran — which it accuses of organizing the action — of retaliation if events escalated. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that the attack was "orchestrated by terrorists." 'Warmongering' Later on Wednesday, Tehran summoned a Swiss Embassy official which represents US interests to complain about American "warmongering," according to Iran's foreign ministry. "The Swiss charge d'affaires was summoned," said the Iranian Foreign Ministry. "The Islamic Republic of Iran conveyed its strong protest … over warmongering remarks made by American officials which are in violation of the United Nations charter." Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had earlier condemned US airstrikes on bases belonging to a Tehran-backed militia. 'US malice' On Sunday, the US military launched the aerial bombardment against the Kataib Hezbollah militia in response to the killing of a US civilian contractor in a rocket attack on Friday on an Iraqi military base. "The Iranian govt & nation & I strongly condemn the US's malice," Khamenei said on his official Twitter account. He also warned Trump that his threats were meaningless. "That guy has tweeted that we (the United States) see Iran responsible for the events in Baghdad & we will respond to Iran," Khamenei said. "First, you can't do anything. Second, if you were logical — which you're not — you'd see that your crimes in Iraq, Afghanistan... have made nations hate you." ls,aw,rc/sms (AP, Reuters, dpa, AFP)
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Free Flashcards about GK 6 Which horse was involved in the 1913 incident that killed Emily Davison? Anmer What is the meaning of "discursive"? digressing from subject to subject What was the German 'Jugendstil' known as in Britain and the USA? Art Nouveau The artists Odilon Redon and Fernand Khnopff were most closely associated with which artistic movement? Symbolism What nationality was artist Fernand Khnopff? Belgian What is the meaning of 'post hoc, ergo propter hoc'? "After which, therefore because of which" In which year did BBC Radio 2, in the guise of the BBC Light Programme, start broadcasting? 1945 What radio programme used the signature tune "At The Sign Of The Swinging Cymbal" by Bryan Fahey? Pick of The Pops Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was which Roman writer's father-in-law? Tacitus Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was recalled in disgrace by which Emperor? Domitian Which Iron Age tribe had a capital at Emain Macha in Ulster? Ulaid Who had a 1955 Number 1 with "Softly, Softly"? Ruby Murray Who had UK hits with "Be My Love" and "Because You're Mine"? Mario Lanza Who took "Rose Marie" to No 1 spot in the UK IN 1954? Slim Whitman In 1955 Jimmy Young had a No 1 single with "The Man From..." - where? Laramie Which singer was the indirect cause of 1944's Columbus Day Riot? Frank Sinatra In which year did "Rock Around The Clock" hit No 1 in both the UK and the US? 1955 Both "boogie-woogie" and "rock and roll" supposedly got their names from what? Euphemisms for sex Who coined the term "Rhythm and Blues"? Jerry Wexler Which Cleveland DJ is usually credited with coining the term "rock n roll" to apply to the music of that style? Alan Freed Which band were originally called "The Rambling Yodeller And The Sandmen"? Bill Haley & The Comets Who had a 1950s hit with "Be-Bop-A Lula"? Gene Vincent and The Blue Caps Which chemical elements occupy positions 89-103 on the Periodic Table? Actinides What name is given to a 3D co-ordinate system with three planes, x, y, and Z? Cartesian What are the names given to the three sides of a right-angled triangle? Hypotenuse, Base, Altitude If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is sinθ equal to? a/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is cosθ equal to? b/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is tanθ equal to? a/b (or sinθ/cosθ) What is the meaning of sin(squared)θ? sinθsinθ An object that has both magnitude and direction in space Which letters are traditionally used for the three base vectors? i, j, k Who had a 1962 Number 1 with "Wonderful Land"? The Shadows Which artistic group was founded in 1911 by Kandinsky and Marc? Der Blaue Reiter Artist Franz Marc was born in wRhich country? Germany Who painted "Luxe, Calme et Volupte"? Matisse Who is generally held to be the originator of the Suprematist art movement? Malevich The artists Boccioni, Carra and Severeni, all Italians, belonged to which movement? Futurism What was the real name of The Big Bopper, who died in a plane crash along with Buddy Holly? JP Richardson What was the stage name of the singer Rosemary Brown? Dana Which country singer got to No. 1 in the UK with "Coward Of The County"? Kenny Rogers Who composed "The Stars And Stripes Forever"? John Phillip Sousa Who composed the waltz "Tales From The Vienna Woods"? Johann Strauss Robert-Francois Damiens attempted to assassinate (and failed, although he did wound) which king? Louis XV of France When was the Seven Years' War? 1756-63 Whose final work was 1804's "Opus Postumum"? Kant The Pregolya River, which features in Euler's 'Seven Bridges'problem, runs through which city? Kaliningrad Who wrote 1848's "The Principles Of Political Economy"? John Stuart Mill What is defined as "the composite of an organism's observable traits"? Phenotype The Japanese word 'hara',
Britney Spears is an American singer and actress . Her debut studio album ... Baby One More Time was released by Jive Records in 1999 . The album spawned songs such as '' ... Baby One More Time '' , `` Sometimes '' and `` Born To Make You Happy '' . Spears earned Grammy nominations for the Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance categories in 2000 , eventually winning her first Grammy award in 2005 for her single `` Toxic '' in the Best Dance Recording category . As `` Pop 's Ultimate Femme Fatale '' , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at age 21 , the youngest recording artist in history to receive the honour . In 2002 Spears topped the Forbes Celebrity 100 list and in 2012 she was named by Forbes as The Top-Earning Women in Music . Spears received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards . In 2016 , she was awarded the Billboard Millennium Award . Among others , she was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards and first ever Icon award given at the 2017 Radio Disney Music Awards . Spears ' accolades include one Grammy Award , seven Guinness Book of World Records , six MTV Video Music Awards , eight MTV Europe Music Awards , one American Music Award , seven Billboard Music Awards , three NRJ Music Awards , three World Music Awards , one MTV Asia Awards , one MTV Australia Awards , one MTV Video Music Brasil , nine Teen Choice Awards , two Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Award , six People 's Choice Awards , among others . Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years , a record since the inception of the internet .
2001 KO Final February, which ex-PM was awarded an earldom on his 90th birthday ? Harold Macmillan B1 A member of the House of Lords and an ex-MP, who celebrated his 100th birthday in November 1984 ? Mannie Shinwell Which government department banned trades unions causing a national outcry ? GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) Outside which foreign government building was policewoman Yvonne Fletcher shot and fatally wounded ? Libyan People's Bureau or Libyan Embassy A3 In the course of a violent argument in April, which recording artist was shot and killed by his father ? Marvin Gaye In October, who was killed by members of her own bodyguard ? Indira Ghandi A4 In March the British government announced its approval of the sale of which shipyard on the lower Clyde to Trafalgar House ? Scott Lithgow B4 In October which bank, a bullion dealer, was rescued from debts of around ï¿½250 million by a Bank of England buy-out ? Johnson Matthey Subject: ï¿½One Word Cinemaï¿½ Answers A1 A 1992 Oscar winning Clint Eastwood film in which a former hired killer turned unsuccessful farmer returns to his old ways in pursuit of a $1,000 reward ? Unforgiven B1 A 1972 John Boorman film in which a leading character, played by Ned Beatty, is raped by a ï¿½Hillbillyï¿½ ? Deliverance A2 A 1929 film, Hitchcockï¿½s first talkie, in which a Scotland Yard Inspector is placed in a difficult position when he discovers his girlfriend has committed a murder ? Blackmail B2 Set in Rio, a 1946 Hitchcock film with Cary Grant & Ingrid Bergman in which a woman marries a Nazi renegade to help the US Government ? Notorious A3 A 1916 film by D.W. Griffith starring Lillian Gish in one of four intercut stories including Balshazzarï¿½s Feast and the St Bartholomewï¿½s Day Massacre ? Intolerance B3 A 1967 camped-up version of Faust in which a short order cook is saved from suicide by Mr Spiggott - who offers him 7 wishes in exchange for his soul ? Bedazzled A4 A 1924 Erich von Stroheim film in which an ex-miner turned dentist kills his avaricious wife and her lover ? Greed B4 Set in the mid 19th century, a 1999 film starring Guy Pearce & Robert Carlyle in which a cannibalistic officer commands an isolated army outpost ? Ravenous Answers A1 The liqueur Curaï¿½ao (say ï¿½Koor-a-sowï¿½) is traditionally flavoured with sugar & which fruit ? Orange B1 Which spirit takes its name from a place near Guadalajara (say ï¿½Gwadlaharaï¿½) where the conquistadors first developed it from a variety of Aztec drink ? Tequila A2 With a peculiar but agreeable taste, which coarse & potent liquor is made in the East Indies from a variety of sources, including fermented rice & coconut juice ? Arrack B2 Used to season food & fruit as well as alcoholic drinks, which flavouring is prepared with oil distilled from the aromatic bark of two S. American trees blended with herbs, and bears the former name of a port in Venezuela ? Angostura (now called Cuidad Bolivar) A3 Derived from a town in north east Hungary, what name is shared by a grape variety and a golden-yellow coloured, sweet, aromatic wine ? Tokay (from Tokaj) Subject: Wordgame ï¿½Noï¿½ as in ï¿½Noteï¿½ Answers ï¿½ a spout on a hose etc. from which a jet issues ? Nozzel ï¿½ a small round piece of meat or a chocolate made with hazelnuts ? Noisette ï¿½ something or someone absolutely un
Norfolk Island was colonised by East Polynesians but was long unpeopled when it was settled by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia from 1788. The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6 March 1788 until 5 May 1855, except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825, when it lay abandoned. On 8 June 1856, permanent civilian residence on the island began when it was settled from Pitcairn Island. In 1913, the UK handed Norfolk over to Australia to administer as an external territory.
Donald Trumpâs Campaign, Billed as Self-Funded, Risks Little of His Fortune Election 2016Full Results Exit Polls Trump’s Cabinet Donald Trump’s Campaign, Billed as Self-Funded, Risks Little of His Fortune By NICHOLAS CONFESSORE and SARAH COHEN FEB. 5, 2016Donald J. Trump signed autographs after an event in Portsmouth, N. H., on Thursday. Damon Winter/The New York Times MANCHESTER, N. H. — Donald J. Trump once boasted that he could someday be the only person to turn a profit running for president. He may be closer than anyone realizes. Mr. Trump’s campaign spent just $12.4 million in 2015, according to disclosures filed with the Federal Election Commission, millions less than any of his leading rivals for the Republican nomination. More than half of Mr. Trump’s total spending was covered by checks from his supporters, who have thronged to his stump speeches and bought millions of dollars’ worth of “Make America Great Again” hats and T-shirts. About $2.7 million more was paid to at least seven companies Mr. Trump owns or to people who work for his real estate and branding empire, repaying them for services provided to his campaign. That total included more than $2 million for flights on his own planes and helicopter, a quarter of a million dollars to his Fifth Avenue office tower, and even $66,000 to Keith Schiller, his bodyguard and the head of security at the Trump Organization. While the convoluted accounting is required by law — so that Mr. Trump’s companies do not make illegal corporate contributions directly to his campaign — it also means that Mr. Trump is in effect taking millions of dollars out of one pocket and depositing it into another. What remains is a quintessentially Trumpian endeavor that blurs the line between campaigning and brand-building and complicates Mr. Trump’s claims that he is funding his own White House campaign. About three-quarters of Mr. Trump’s total campaign spending has either gone to reimburse his own businesses or has been covered by funds from grass-roots donors, according to an analysis by The New York Times of F. E. C. reports. Virtually all of the money Mr. Trump himself has put into the campaign was lent, rather than donated outright, meaning that he could potentially sell enough hats and T-shirts to pay himself back down the road. Presidential Election 2016Complete coverage of the 2016 presidential race and Donald J. Trump’s victory. Hillary Clinton Gets an Award and Tears Are Shed NOV 2‘The Daily’: Kris Kobach’s Quest Against Voter Fraud JUL 17How Does Comey’s Fall Play in Hillaryland? No One’s Celebrating MAY 10‘Shattered,’ Book About Clinton Campaign, May Become TV Series MAY 4The Culture of Nastiness See More »“I think there’s always been a case to be made that Donald Trump looked at this as a way to extend his brand to a new generation of people,” said Rick Wilson, a Florida-based Republican strategist who has done work for a group supporting Senator Marco Rubio of Florida. “I bet ‘Art of the Deal’ was in the remainder bin until this year.”Election 2016G. O. P. Debate: Analysis We analyzed the Republican debate in real time. Our Analysis Mr. Trump’s advisers resist the idea that he is in the campaign to make money. They note that Mr. Trump’s political stands have cost him money, too, as when Macy’s, which has sold Trump-branded men’s wear, and NBC, which airs the reality show “The Celebrity Apprentice” that Mr. Trump hosted, cut ties with Mr. Trump over his comments about illegal immigration.“It’s not just the business Mr. Trump has lost but the business opportunities that are not coming to him because of the strong stands he has taken,” said Corey Lewandowski, Mr. Trump’s campaign manager. “I’ve personally been there in the room when he has been offered massive, massive business opportunities out of the country, and he says he does not want to do them because his sole focus is running for the president of the United States.”But Mr. Trump has been dubious in the past of wealthy businessmen, like Steve Forbes and Michael R. Bloomberg, who actually spend their own money on campaigns for high office. During the 2000 election, according to Fortune magazine, when Mr. Trump flirted with an independent bid for president, he scheduled paid speeches in the same cities where he was holding political events. “It’s very possible that I could be the first presidential candidate to run and make money on it,” Mr. Trump said at the time. Some of the costs for which Mr. Trump’s companies are now charging his campaign would probably be incurred even if he were not running for president, such as salaries for borrowed Trump Organization personnel and some of his private plane flights. Excluding short hops around the New York City area, Mr. Trump’s private aircraft logged 66 flights in July, August and September 2015, according to the most recent available federal flight records. During the same period in 2014, the aircraft made 51 flights. Mr. Trump would hardly be the first person to find a financial upside to running for president. Mike Huckabee, who dropped out of the Republican race on Monday, has used his campaign mailing lists to hawk miracle cures for cancer. A variety of failed Republican contenders have parlayed White House bids into lucrative careers on radio and television. And Hillary Clinton’s six-figure speaking fees are due, in some measure, to her high profile as a former candidate and cabinet secretary. But a tour through campaign filings suggests that no one meshes business and political pursuits quite as seamlessly as the candidate whose campaign is built on his celebrity. A crowd listened as Mr. Trump spoke at a campaign event at the Exeter Town Hall in New Hampshire. More than half of his total campaign spending last year was covered by checks from his supporters, who bought millions of dollars’ worth of campaign merchandise. Damon Winter/The New York Times Mr. Trump spent $114,000 to stage an enormous rally in September in Dallas, even though Texas does not hold its primary until March. He spent about $2 million on hats, T-shirts and other merchandise, roughly half of it going to a Louisiana-based company, Ace Specialties, owned by a board member of Mr. Trump’s son’s charitable foundation. During the last half of 2015, Mr. Trump’s campaign spent more on renting stages and audiovisual equipment ($1.4 million) than on voter lists, field offices and collecting signatures to get onto ballots ($1.2 million. )It remains to be seen whether Mr. Trump’s campaign operation is better at promoting the candidate’s brand or at winning elections. He lost the Iowa caucuses by a few percentage points. On the other hand, Mr. Trump has sold 179,000 copies of his new book, “Crippled America,” according to Nielsen Book Scan, about $4 million worth of sales at the list price. Mr. Trump himself can seem hazy on the distinction between his political and business pursuits. Virtually every Trump speech includes a reference to one of his hotels or casinos; recently he heaped praise on the Doral, the luxury golf resort outside Miami he acquired in 2012. He often suggests that the Obama administration should have read his book “The Art of the Deal” before negotiating the Iran nuclear agreement. (As Mr. Wilson suspected, sales of that 1987 best seller have lately skyrocketed, from 3,000 copies in 2014 to 47,000 in 2015. )Morning Briefing Get what you need to know to start your day in the United States, Canada and the Americas, delivered to your inbox. Sign Up You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. I'm not a robotre CAPTCHAPrivacy - Terms See Sample Privacy Policy Opt out or contact us anytime At a campaign event in Exeter on Wednesday night, Mr. Trump promoted his soon-to-open Washington hotel, which will be in the renovated old post office building on Pennsylvania Avenue.“It’s going to be a fantastic project,” Mr. Trump promised. “We’re going to try and have it open for a certain date,” he told the crowd, adding, “sitting on Pennsylvania Avenue.”Mr. Lewandowski, the campaign manager, said there was no confusion back at the campaign headquarters (a slice of the fifth floor of Trump Tower). Since the campaign is not allowed to take in-kind contributions from the company, Mr. Lewandowski said, every borrowed Trump employee and flight-hour has to be properly compensated out of the campaign account. Graphic: Which States Trump, Cruz and Rubio Need to Win“We pay fair market value for all the items that we use,” Mr. Lewandowski said. “We pay the Trump Corporation or the Trump entities such things as the rent for the headquarters.”Some critics remain unconvinced that all of the help Mr. Trump’s companies are providing his campaign is being properly accounted for. In December, Mr. Trump threatened legal action against a pro-Jeb Bush “ super PAC ,” Right to Rise, after the group ran ads suggesting Mr. Trump was not fit to be commander in chief. But the threat was delivered by Alan Garten, general counsel to the Trump Organization, rather than by Mr. Trump’s campaign. Reminded that candidates are forbidden to use corporate resources for campaign purposes, Mr. Trump’s company argued that an attack on Mr. Trump anywhere was an attack on him everywhere. “The Trump Organization has vigorously policed Mr. Trump’s brand and business interests for many years,” the company said in a statement. “Those rights are not forfeited by virtue of Mr. Trump’s candidacy.”Right to Rise has filed an F. E. C. complaint, charging that Mr. Trump is illegally using corporate resources to further his campaign. There are signs that Mr. Trump has begun to invest more significantly in a traditional political apparatus. His campaign’s payments to companies not affiliated with the Trump Organization doubled between August and November. As of the end of December, Mr. Trump had spent almost as much on field staff ($2 million) as on promotional merchandise and marketing ($2.5 million). And at the moment, Mr. Trump leads by double-digits in national polls and in New Hampshire, which holds its primary on Tuesday. One way or another, he suggested Wednesday, he will win.“If I don’t make the White House on Pennsylvania Avenue,” Mr. Trump told his supporters, “I’m going to be living on Pennsylvania Avenue anyway.”Nicholas Confessore reported from Manchester, and Sarah Cohen from New York. Maggie Haberman and Jeremy B. Merrill contributed reporting from New York. Find out what you need to know about the 2016 presidential race today, and get politics news updates via Facebook, Twitter and the First Draft newsletter. A version of this article appears in print on February 6, 2016, on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Trump’s Bid Is Going Easy on His Wallet. Order Reprints Today's Paper Subscribe Related Coverage Donald Trump’s Ground Game Questioned After Iowa Showing FEB. 4, 2016The Five Stages of Donald Trump’s Grief Over His Loss in Iowa FEB. 3, 2016
Lead pencils, of course, contain no lead. The writing medium is graphite, a form of carbon. Writing instruments made from sticks cut from high quality natural graphite mined at Cumberland in England and wrapped in string or inserted in wooden tubes came into use around 1560. [1] The term black lead pencil was in use by 1565. By 1662, pencils were produced in Nuremberg, in what is now Germany, apparently by gluing sticks of graphite into cases assembled from two pieces of wood.
The album also featured the hit single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which was number one in the UK for nine weeks. Mercury's close friend and advisor, Capital London radio DJ Kenny Everett, played a pivotal role in giving the single exposure. It is the third-best-selling single of all time in the UK, surpassed only by Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997", and is the best-selling commercial single in the UK. It also reached number nine in the United States (a 1992 re-release reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks). It is the only single ever to sell a million copies on two separate occasions, and became the Christmas number one twice in the UK, the only single ever to do so. "Bohemian Rhapsody" has been voted numerous times the greatest song of all time. The band decided to make a video to help go with the single and hired Trilion, a subsidiary of the former management company Trident Studios, using new technology to create the video; the result is generally considered to have been the first "true" music video ever produced, and popularised the medium. The album's first track "Death on Two Legs" is said to be written by Mercury about Norman Sheffield and the former management at Trident who helped make the video so popular. Although other bands, including the Beatles, had made short promotional films or videos of songs prior to this, generally, those were specifically made to be aired on specific television shows. On the impact of "Bohemian Rhapsody", Rolling Stone states: "Its influence cannot be overstated, practically inventing the music video seven years before MTV went on the air." The second single from the album, "You're My Best Friend", the second song composed by John Deacon, and his first single, peaked at number sixteen in the United States and went on to become a worldwide Top Ten hit. The band's A Night at the Opera Tour began in November 1975, and covered Europe, the United States, Japan, and Australia.
Place the Epsom salts on a baking sheet, and bake them in the oven at about 400 degrees for a couple hours. What you're doing is baking the moisture out. The Epsom salts should be white and chaulky when done. Add the Epsom salts to the acetone, shake vigorously, then allow the mixture to settle.
Kingdom Hearts III A gameplay trailer was released during the "Kingdom Hearts" Orchestra World Tour in Los Angeles in mid-June 2017. The next month, Nomura stated that a Nintendo Switch version of the game might be created, but wanted to focus on the development and promise of completing the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions before exploring other platform possibilities. Commenting on the long development process, Nomura noted it was not due to problems with development or any choices made by the development team, but rather internal Square Enix corporate decisions, such as changing to the Unreal Engine 4 about a year into the game's development, which lead to "extensive delays" and "a bit of time that needed to be rewinded and started over", and "certain timing and resources challenges within Square Enix", despite submitting and getting approved a plan for when more personal resources would be needed on the project. Regarding downloadable content (DLC) for the game, Nomura stated that "nothing is set in stone" regarding it, but he told the development team to "be prepared to be able to accommodate for something like that. We can't develop a system where we're accommodating for downloadable content. So it's not confirming or denying either way, but just so that the development team will be prepared". He would later add that he wanted to have some sort of additional content for the game, but nothing in depth had been discussed. Nomura was open to potentially adding customizable accessories, as was able to be done in "Kingdom Hearts 0.2: Birth by Sleep – A Fragmentary Passage" with Aqua, as that feature does not return for "Kingdom Hearts III". Nomura also preferred DLC to expand or change the game over releasing a "Final Mix" version as had been done with some past entries in the series.
War Horse is a 2011 British war drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay written by Lee Hall and Richard Curtis, adapted from English author Michael Morpurgo's 1982 novel of the same name. The film's cast includes Jeremy Irvine (in his film acting debut), Emily Watson, David Thewlis, Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch, Eddie Marsan, Niels Arestrup, Toby Kebbell, David Kross and Peter Mullan. Set before and during World War I, it tells of the journey of Joey, a bay Thoroughbred horse raised by British teenager Albert (Irvine), as he is bought by the British Army, leading him to encounter numerous individuals and owners throughout Europe, all the while experiencing the tragedies of the war happening around him.
Bacon's Rebellion Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. The colony's dismissive policy as it related to the political challenges of its western frontier, along with other challenges including leaving Bacon out of his inner circle, refusing to allow Bacon to be a part of his fur trade with the Indians, and Doeg American Indian attacks, helped to motivate a popular uprising against Berkeley, who had failed to address the demands of the colonists regarding their safety.
Special Operations are "operations conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives employing military capabilities for which there is no broad conventional force requirement. These operations may require covert, clandestine, or low-visibility capabilities. Special operations are applicable across the ROMO. They can be conducted independently or in conjunction with operations of conventional forces or other government agencies and may include operations through, with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces. Special operations differ from conventional operations in degree of physical and political risk, operational techniques, mode of employment, independence from friendly support, and dependence on detailed operational intelligence and indigenous assets" (JP 1-02).
Nightwatch is a 1997 American horror-thriller film directed by Ole Bornedal and starring Ewan McGregor , Patricia Arquette , Josh Brolin and Nick Nolte . It was written by Bornedal and Steven Soderbergh . It is a remake of the Danish film Nattevagten -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , which was also directed by Bornedal .
Flying A Productions was a primarily western television production company founded in 1950 by singer and motion picture star Gene Autry. The company offered four syndicated and three network programs until all seven of its series had halted production by 1957 or moved to another studio. Autry also had a Flying A Pictures company for B movies. By 1960, Autry's business interests included the California Angels baseball team.
Ilia -LRB- ილია Илья Георгиевич , Iliya Georgiyevich -RRB- , also known as Elizbar , -LRB- 2 September 1790 -- 18 July 1854 -RRB- was a Georgian prince royal -LRB- batonishvili -RRB- , a son of George XII , the last king of Kartli and Kakheti , by his second marriage to Mariam Tsitsishvili . After the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801 , Ilia accompanied her mother into exile to Russia . He then received military training and served in the Russian army , fighting with distinction at the battle of Borodino against the French in 1812 and retiring with the rank of colonel in 1823 . He had 13 children of his marriage with Princess Anastasia Obolenskaya and his descendants , bearing the surname of Gruzinsky , have survived in the 21st-century Russian Federation .
D.O.A. is a 1950 American film noir directed by Rudolph Maté , considered a classic of the genre . The frantically paced plot revolves around a doomed man 's quest to find out who has poisoned him and why . This film marks the debuts of Beverly Garland -LRB- as Beverly Campbell -RRB- and Laurette Luez . The film stars Edmond O'Brien and Pamela Britton . Leo C. Popkin produced D.O.A. for his short-lived Cardinal Pictures . Due to a filing error the copyright to the film was not renewed on time , causing it to fall into the public domain . The Internet Movie Database shows that 22 companies offer the VHS or DVD versions , and the Internet Archive -LRB- see below -RRB- offers an online version .
Tech Data Corporation (commonly referred to as Tech Data) is an American multinational distribution company specializing in IT products and services headquartered in Clearwater, Florida. Tech Data provides a broad range of product lines, logistics capabilities and value-added services that enable technology manufacturers and resellers, such as Apple, Cisco, HP, IBM, Lenovo, Microsoft, Sony, Symantec and VMware, to deploy IT solutions.
A hernia is a condition in which a part of an organ pushes through the opening of the organ wall made up of muscle tissue or membranous material. The most common site for hernias to develop is the abdomen. Hernias may or may not display any outward symptoms. Hernias are usually treated surgically.ore common in women then men. Inguinal hernia â An inguinal hernia is characterized by the protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity into the inguinal canal. It is a very common type of hernia, accounting for 75% of all hernias.
When does rifle season in oklahoma deer rifle season end. kgb answers Â» Arts & Entertainment Â» When does rifle season in oklahoma deer rifle season end. This year's deer gun season runs from November 20 to December 5 in Oklahoma. That includes all guns, such as rifles. 116,175 deer were harvested in 2009.
Proper Baking Time for Potatoes Back To Dr. Potato Home Proper Baking Time for Potatoes Q: What is the proper baking time for a nice dry and fluffy Idaho® Russet potato? A: The short answer is one hour at 400 degrees F. The long answer…it depends on several factors. A smaller potato will cook in less time than a larger one, such as the 40 counts that Morton’s Steakhouse wait staff present on the mobile cart in the dining room. Those giant Russet Burbank potatoes can be baked in about an hour if you follow these guidelines. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees. Place the potatoes directly on the rack. If you are baking a lot, place the potatoes on a sheet pan, not a deep insert, one level high. Stacking the potatoes in multi-layers insures that those on the top will get done before those in the middle finish cooking. Check out this great photo of a baked potato to go. Wouldn’t this make a great addition to your menu? Chains such as Jason’s Deli and Mc Alister’s Deli have long known the terrific value statement a big baked Idaho potato can make when topped with meat, cheese or vegetables, or a combination like this Idaho russet with melted cheddar cheese, broccoli and chunks of ham. A potato is fully baked when the internal temperature reaches 210 degrees F.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2012 records, the mean annual aerospace engineer salary is $104,810. In other words, the 80,420 engineers employed in this field earned an average hourly wage of $50.39.The bottom ten percent earns $65,450, while the top ten percent of aerospace engineers earns an outstanding average annual salary of $149,120.Electrical Engineer.n other words, the 80,420 engineers employed in this field earned an average hourly wage of $50.39. The bottom ten percent earns $65,450, while the top ten percent of aerospace engineers earns an outstanding average annual salary of $149,120. Electrical Engineer.
The Bahamas The Bahamas (/bəˈhɑːməz/ ( listen)), known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas,[10] is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago. It consists of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean, and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, southeast of the United States state of Florida, and east of the Florida Keys. The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence. The designation of "the Bahamas" can refer either to the country or to the larger island chain that it shares with the Turks and Caicos Islands. The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 (180,000 sq mi) of ocean space.
Rambo (2008) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error In Thailand, John Rambo joins a group of missionaries to venture into war-torn Burma, and rescue a group of Christian aid workers who were kidnapped by the ruthless local infantry unit. Director: From $7.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV a list of 22 titles created 05 Oct 2010 a list of 49 titles created 22 Dec 2011 a list of 49 titles created 07 Feb 2012 a list of 27 titles created 19 Feb 2015 a list of 27 titles created 3 weeks ago Search for " Rambo " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards » Videos John Rambo is released from prison by the government for a top-secret covert mission to the last place on Earth he'd want to return - the jungles of Vietnam. Director: George P. Cosmatos When his friend Colonel Trautman is captured by Soviets during a mission in Afghanistan, John Rambo sets out to rescue him while taking on the brutal tyrant and his army who rule that region. Director: Peter MacDonald Former Green Beret John Rambo is pursued into the mountains surrounding a small town by a tyrannical sheriff and his deputies, forcing him to survive using his combat skills. Director: Ted Kotcheff Thirty years after the ring of the first bell, Rocky Balboa comes out of retirement and dons his gloves for his final fight; against the reigning heavyweight champ Mason 'The Line' Dixon. Director: Sylvester Stallone After iron man Drago, a highly intimidating 6-foot-5, 261-pound Soviet athlete, kills Apollo Creed in an exhibition match, Rocky comes to the heart of Russia for 15 pile-driving boxing rounds of revenge. Director: Sylvester Stallone Rocky struggles in family life after his bout with Apollo Creed, while the embarrassed champ insistently goads him to accept a challenge for a rematch. Director: Sylvester Stallone After winning the ultimate title and being the world champion, Rocky falls into a hole and finds himself picked up by a former enemy. Director: Sylvester Stallone A botched mid-air heist results in suitcases full of cash being searched for by various groups throughout the Rocky Mountains. Director: Renny Harlin Reluctantly retired from boxing and back from riches to rags, Rocky takes on a new protege who betrays him, as the champ's son must adjust to his family's new life after bankruptcy. Director: John G. Avildsen A CIA operative hires a team of mercenaries to eliminate a Latin dictator and a renegade CIA agent. Director: Sylvester Stallone Two cops are framed and must clear their names. Directors: Andrey Konchalovskiy, Albert Magnoli Stars: Sylvester Stallone, Kurt Russell, Teri Hatcher A police officer is brought out of suspended animation in prison to pursue an old ultra-violent nemesis who is loose in a non-violent future society. Director: Marco Brambilla Edit Storyline Vietnam veteran John Rambo has survived many harrowing ordeals in his lifetime and has since withdrawn into a simple and secluded existence in Thailand, where he spends his time capturing snakes for local entertainers, and chauffeuring locals in his old PT boat. Even though he is looking to avoid trouble, trouble has a way of finding him: a group of Christian human rights missionaries, led by Michael Burnett and Sarah Miller, approach Rambo with the desire to rent his boat to travel up the river to Burma. For over fifty years, Burma has been a war zone. The Karen people of the region, who consist of peasants and farmers, have endured brutally oppressive rule from the murderous Burmese military and have been struggling for survival every single day. After some inner contemplation, Rambo accepts the offer and takes Michael, Sarah, and the rest of the missionaries up the river. When the missionaries finally arrive at the Karen village, they find th
The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 stipulate that during working hours, temperatures in workplaces (including maintained and independent schools, and FE colleges) should be reasonable.igh temperatures. There is no prescribed maximum temperature for educational establishments or any other workplace. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 require employers to take all reasonable steps to ensure that a comfortable temperature is maintained.
Munich Agreement From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search"Treaty of Munich" redirects here. For the Austro-Bavarian agreement after the Napoleonic Wars, see Treaty of Munich (1816). For the annual global security meeting held in Munich, see Munich Conference on Security Policy. After the summit, British prime minister Neville Chamberlain declared that the Munich agreement meant " peace for our time ". Radio broadcast of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain's return to Great Britain after signing the Munich Agreement. Recording is 9 minutes, 23 seconds long. Events leading to World War IITreaty of Versailles 1919Treaty of Trianon 1920Treaty of Rapallo 1920March on Rome 1922Corfu incident 1923Occupation of the Ruhr 1923–1925Pacification of Libya 1923–1932Dawes Plan 1924Locarno Treaties 1925Chinese Civil War 1927–1936Young Plan 1929Great Depression 1929–1941Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931Nazis rise to power in Germany 1933Franco-Soviet-Czech Pact 1935Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–36Remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936Spanish Civil War 1936–39Anti-Comintern Pact 1936Second Sino-Japanese War 1937Anschluss Mar. 1938Munich crisis Sep. 1938German occupation of Czechoslovakia Mar. 1939German ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1939British guarantee to Poland Mar. 1939Invasion of Albania Apr. 1939Pact of Steel May 1939Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Aug. 1939Invasion of Poland Sep. 1939Battle of Britain May. 1940Invasion of the Soviet Union Jun. 1941Attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 1941v t e Territorial evolution of Germany in the 20th century Pre-World War II [show]World War II [show]Post-World War II [show]Areas [show]Adjacent countries [show]v t e The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany 's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the " Sudetenland ", was coined. The agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938 (but dated 29 September) after being negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, excluding the Soviet Union. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany. The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the Sudetenland in the face of demands made by Adolf Hitler. The agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy. The Sudetenland was of immense strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defenses and banks were situated there, [1] [2] as well as heavy industrial districts. [3]Because the state of Czechoslovakia was not invited to the conference, it considered itself to have been betrayed by the United Kingdom and France, so Czechs and Slovaks call the Munich Agreement the Munich Diktat ( Czech: Mnichovský diktát; Slovak: Mníchovský diktát ). The phrase " Munich Betrayal " ( Czech: Mnichovská zrada; Slovak: Mníchovská zrada) is also used because the military alliance Czechoslovakia had with France proved useless. The slogan "About us, without us!" ( Czech: O nás bez nás!) summarizes the feelings of the people of Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia and the Czech Republic) towards the Agreement. Today the document is typically referred to simply as the Munich Agreement ( Mnichovská dohoda ). Contents [ hide ]1 Background1.1 Demands for autonomy1.2 Sudeten crisis2 Resolution3 Reactions3.1 Opinions about the agreement4 The "ghost of Munich"5 Consequences of the Munich agreement5.1 Pertaining to the territories of Czechoslovakia after the Munich Agreement5.1.1 The first Vienna Award to Hungary5.1.2 German invasion of the remainder of Czechoslovakia5.1.3 Strengthening of Wehrmacht's armament5.1.4 The birth of German resistance within the military5.2 Pertaining to international politics5.2.1 Italian colonial demands from France6 Quotations from key participants7 Legal nullification8 Legacy9 See also10 References10.1 Notes10.2 Bibliography10.3 Further reading11 External links Background [ edit]Demands for autonomy [ edit]Czech districts with an ethnic German population in 1934 of 25% or more (pink), 50% or more (red), and 75% or more (dark red) [4] in 1935Konrad Henlein, leader of the Sudeten German Party (Sd P), a branch of the Nazi Party of Germany in Czechoslovakia Edvard Beneš, the second President of Czechoslovakia and leader of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles recognized the independence of Czechoslovakia with a population that included three million German-speaking people, 24 percent of the total population of the country. The Germans lived mostly in an area called Sudetenland bordering on Germany and the newly created country of Austria. The Sudeten Germans were not consulted about whether they wished to be citizens of Czechoslovakia. Although the constitution guaranteed equality for all citizens, there was a tendency among political leaders to transform the country "into an instrument of Czech and Slovak nationalism". [5] Although some progress was made to integrate the Germans and other minorities, they continued to be under-represented in the government and the army. Moreover, the Great Depression beginning in 1929 impacted the highly-industrialized and export-oriented Sudeten Germans more than it did the Czech and Slovak populations. By 1936, 60 percent of the unemployed people in Czechoslovakia were Germans. [6]In 1933 Sudeten German leader Konrad Henlein founded the Sudeten German Party (Sd P) which was "militant, populist, and openly hostile" to the Czechoslovakian government and soon captured two-thirds of the vote in districts with a heavy German population. Historians differ as to whether the Sd P was from its beginning a Nazi front organization or instead evolved into becoming one. [7] [8] By 1935, the Sd P was the second largest political party in Czechoslovakia as German votes concentrated on this party while Czech and Slovak votes were spread among several parties. [7] Shortly after the Anschluss of Austria to Germany, Henlein met with Hitler in Berlin on 28 March 1938, where he was instructed to raise demands unacceptable to the Czechoslovak government led by president Edvard Beneš. On 24 April, the Sd P issued a series of demands upon the government of Czechoslovakia, that were known as the Carlsbad Program. [9] Among the demands, Henlein demanded autonomy for Germans living in Czechoslovakia. [7] The Czechoslovak government responded by saying that it was willing to provide more minority rights to the German minority but it refused to grant them autonomy. [7]With tension high between Germans and the Czechoslovakian government, on 15 September 1938 President Beneš offered secretly to give 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi) of Czechoslovakian territory to Germany in exchange for a German agreement to admit 1.5 to 2.0 million Sudeten Germans which Czechoslovakia would expel. Hitler did not reply. [10]Sudeten crisis [ edit]See also: Sudetendeutsches Freikorps As the previous appeasement of Hitler had shown, the governments of both France and Britain were intent on avoiding war. The French government did not wish to face Germany alone and took its lead from Britain's Conservative government of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. Chamberlain considered the Sudeten German grievances justified and believed Hitler's intentions were limited. Both Britain and France, therefore, advised Czechoslovakia to concede to Germany's demands. Beneš resisted and on 19 May initiated a partial mobilization in response to possible German invasion. [11]On 20 May, Hitler presented his generals with a draft plan of attack on Czechoslovakia codenamed Operation Green, [12] insisting that he would not "smash Czechoslovakia" militarily without "provocation," "a particularly favourable opportunity" or "adequate political justification." [13] On 28 May, Hitler called a meeting of his service chiefs where he ordered an acceleration of U-boat construction and brought forward the construction of his first two battleships, Bismarck and Tirpitz, to spring 1940, and demanded that the increase in the firepower of the battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau be accelerated . [14] While recognizing that this would still be insufficient for a full-scale naval war with Britain, Hitler hoped it would be a sufficient deterrent. [15] Ten days later, Hitler signed a secret directive for war against Czechoslovakia, to begin not later than 1 October. [11]On 22 May, Juliusz Łukasiewicz, the Polish ambassador to France, told the French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet that if France moved against Germany in defense of Czechoslovakia: "We shall not move." Łukasiewicz also told Bonnet that Poland would oppose any attempt by Soviet forces to defend Czechoslovakia from Germany. Daladier told Jakob Surits, the Soviet ambassador to France: "Not only can we not count on Polish support but we have no faith that Poland will not strike us in the back." [16]Hitler's adjutant, Fritz Wiedemann, recalled after the war that he was "very shocked" by Hitler's new plans to attack Britain and France 3–4 years after "deal [ing] with the situation" in Czechoslovakia. [17] General Ludwig Beck, chief of the German general staff, noted that Hitler's change of heart in favour of quick action was due to Czechoslovak defences still being improvised, which would no longer be the case 2–3 years later, and British rearmament not coming into effect until 1941/42. [15] General Alfred Jodl noted in his diary that the partial Czechoslovak mobilisation of 21 May had led Hitler to issue a new order for Operation Green on 30 May, and that this was accompanied by a covering letter from Keitel stating that the plan must be implemented by 1 October at the very latest. [18]In the meantime, the British government demanded that Beneš request a mediator. Not wishing to sever his government's ties with Western Europe, Beneš reluctantly accepted. The British appointed Lord Runciman, the former Liberal cabinet minister, who arrived in Prague on 3 August with instructions to persuade Beneš to agree to a plan acceptable to the Sudeten Germans. [19] On 20 July, French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet, told the Czechoslovak Ambassador in Paris that while France would declare her support in public to help the Czechoslovak negotiations, it was not prepared to go to war over the Sudetenland question. [19] During August the German press was full of stories alleging Czechoslovak atrocities against Sudeten Germans, with the intention of forcing the Western Powers into putting pressure on the Czechoslovaks to make concessions. [20] Hitler hoped the Czechoslovaks would refuse and that the Western Powers would then feel morally justified in leaving the Czechoslovaks to their fate. [21] In August, Germany sent 750,000 soldiers along the border of Czechoslovakia officially as part of army maneuvers. [7] [21] On 4 or 5 September, [19] Beneš submitted the Fourth Plan, granting nearly all the demands of the Munich Agreement. The Sudeten Germans were under instruction from Hitler to avoid a compromise, [21] and after the Sd P held demonstrations that provoked police action in Ostrava on 7 September in which two of their parliamentary deputies were arrested, [19] the Sudeten Germans used this incident and false allegations of other atrocities as an excuse to break off further negotiations. [19] [22]Adolf Hitler greets British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain on the steps of the Berghof, 15 September 1938On 12 September, Hitler made a speech at a Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg on the Sudeten crisis in which he condemned the actions of the government of Czechoslovakia. [7] Hitler denounced Czechoslovakia as being a fraudulent state that was in violation of international law's emphasis of national self-determination, claiming it was a Czech hegemony where neither the Germans, the Slovaks, the Hungarians, the Ukrainians, nor the Poles of the country actually wanted to be in a union with the Czechs. [23] Hitler accused Czechoslovakia's President Edvard Beneš of seeking to gradually exterminate the Sudeten Germans, claiming that since Czechoslovakia's creation over 600,000 Germans were intentionally forced out of their homes under the threat of starvation if they did not leave. [24] He claimed that Beneš' government was persecuting Germans along with Hungarians, Poles, and Slovaks, and accused Beneš of threatening these nationalities with being branded traitors if they were not loyal to the country. [23] He claimed that he, as the head of state of Germany, would support the right of the self-determination of fellow Germans in the Sudetenland. [23] He condemned Beneš for his government's recent execution of several German protesters. [23] He accused Beneš of being belligerent and threatening behaviour towards Germany which, if war broke out, would result in Beneš forcing Sudeten Germans to fight against their will against Germans from Germany. [23] Hitler accused the government of Czechoslovakia of being a client regime of France, claiming that the French Minister of Aviation Pierre Cot had said "We need this state as a base from which to drop bombs with greater ease to destroy Germany's economy and its industry". [24]Chamberlain greeted by Adolf Hitler at the beginning of the Bad Godesberg meeting on 24 September 1938On 13 September, after internal violence and disruption in Czechoslovakia ensued, Chamberlain asked Hitler for a personal meeting to find a solution to avert a war. [25] Chamberlain arrived by plane in Germany on 15 September and then arrived at Hitler's residence in Berchtesgaden for the meeting. [26] The Sudeten German leader Henlein flew to Germany on the same day. [25] On that day, Hitler and Chamberlain held discussions in which Hitler insisted that the Sudeten Germans must be allowed to exercise the right of national self-determination and be able to join Sudetenland with Germany; Hitler also expressed concern to Chamberlain about what he perceived as British "threats". [26] Chamberlain responded that he had not issued "threats" and in frustration asked Hitler "Why did I come over here to waste my time?". [26] Hitler responded that if Chamberlain was willing to accept the self-determination of the Sudeten Germans, he would be willing to discuss the matter. [26] Chamberlain and Hitler held discussions for three hours, after which the meeting adjourned and Chamberlain flew back to the UK and met with his cabinet to discuss the issue. [26]After the meeting, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier flew to London on 16 September to meet British officials to discuss a course of action. [27] The situation in Czechoslovakia became more tense that day with the Czechoslovak government issuing an arrest warrant for the Sudeten German leader Henlein, who had arrived in Germany a day earlier to take part in the negotiations. [28] The French proposals ranged from waging war against Germany to supporting the Sudetenland being ceded to Germany. [28] The discussions ended with a firm British-French plan in place. [28] Britain and France demanded that Czechoslovakia cede to Germany all those territories where the German population represented over fifty percent of the Sudetenland's total population. [28] In exchange for this concession, Britain and France would guarantee the independence of Czechoslovakia. [28] The proposed solution was rejected by both Czechoslovakia and opponents of it in Britain and France. [28]A 1938 terrorist action of Sudetendeutsches Freikorps Czechoslovak Army soldiers on patrol in the Sudetenland in September 1938On 17 September 1938 Hitler ordered the establishment of Sudetendeutsches Freikorps, a paramilitary organization that took over the structure of Ordnersgruppe, an organization of ethnic-Germans in Czechoslovakia that had been dissolved by the Czechoslovak authorities the previous day due to its implication in a large number of terrorist activities. The organization was sheltered, trained and equipped by German authorities and conducted cross border terrorist operations into Czechoslovak territory. Relying on the Convention for the Definition of Aggression, Czechoslovak president Edvard Beneš [29] and the government-in-exile [30] later regarded 17 September 1938 as the beginning of the undeclared German-Czechoslovak war. This understanding has been assumed also by the contemporary Czech Constitutional court. [31]On 18 September, Italy's Duce Benito Mussolini made a speech in Trieste, Italy, where he declared "If there are two camps, for and against Prague, let it be known that Italy has chosen its side", with the clear implication being that Mussolini supported Germany in the crisis. [26]General Hans Oster, deputy head of the Abwehr met with other German military officers on 20 September 1938 to discuss final plans of a plot to overthrow the Nazi regime. On 20 September, German opponents to the Nazi regime within the military met to discuss the final plans of a plot they had developed to overthrow the Nazi regime. The meeting was led by General Hans Oster, the deputy head of the Abwehr (Germany's counter-espionage agency). Other members included Captain Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz, and other military officers leading the planned coup d'etat met at the meeting. [32]Protest in Prague against German aggression, 22 September 1938On 22 September, Chamberlain, about to board his plane to go to Germany for further talks, told the press who met him there that "My objective is peace in Europe, I trust this trip is the way to that peace." [28] Chamberlain arrived in Cologne, where he received a lavish grand welcome with a German band playing "God Save the King" and Germans giving Chamberlain flowers and gifts. [28] Chamberlain had calculated that fully accepting German annexation of all of the Sudetenland with no reductions would force Hitler to accept the agreement. [28] Upon being told of this, Hitler responded "Does this mean that the Allies have agreed with Prague's approval to the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany? ", Chamberlain responded "Precisely", to which Hitler responded by shaking his head, saying that the Allied offer was insufficient. He told Chamberlain that he wanted Czechoslovakia to be completely dissolved and its territories redistributed to Germany, Poland, and Hungary, and told Chamberlain to take it or leave it. [28] Chamberlain was shaken by this statement. [28] Hitler went on to tell Chamberlain that since their last visit on the 15th, Czechoslovakia's actions, which Hitler claimed included killings of Germans, had made the situation unbearable for Germany. [28]Later in the meeting, a prearranged deception was undertaken in order to influence and put pressure on Chamberlain: one of Hitler's aides entered the room to inform Hitler of more Germans being killed in Czechoslovakia, to which Hitler screamed in response "I will avenge every one of them. The Czechs must be destroyed." [28] The meeting ended with Hitler refusing to make any concessions to the Allies' demands. [28] Later that evening, Hitler grew worried that he had gone too far in pressuring Chamberlain, and telephoned Chamberlain's hotel suite, saying that he would accept annexing only the Sudetenland, with no designs on other territories, provided that Czechoslovakia begin the evacuation of ethnic Czechs from the German majority territories by 26 September at 8:00am. After being pressed by Chamberlain, Hitler agreed to have the ultimatum set for 1 October (the same date that Operation Green was set to begin). [33] Hitler then said to Chamberlain that this was one concession that he was willing to make to the Prime Minister as a "gift" out of respect for the fact that Chamberlain had been willing to back down somewhat on his earlier position. [33] Hitler went on to say that upon annexing the Sudetenland, Germany would hold no further territorial claims upon Czechoslovakia and would enter into a collective agreement to guarantee the borders of Germany and Czechoslovakia. [33]Meanwhile, a new Czechoslovak cabinet, under General Jan Syrový, was installed and on 23 September a decree of general mobilization was issued which was accepted by the public with a strong enthusiasm - within 24 hours, one million men joined the army to defend the country. The Czechoslovak army, modern, experienced and possessing an excellent system of frontier fortifications, was prepared to fight. The Soviet Union announced its willingness to come to Czechoslovakia's assistance, provided that the Soviet Army would be able to cross Polish and Romanian territory. Both countries refused to allow the Soviet army to use their territories [34]In the early hours of 24 September, Hitler issued the Godesberg Memorandum, which demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany no later than 28 September, with plebiscites to be held in unspecified areas under the supervision of German and Czechoslovak forces. The memorandum also stated that if Czechoslovakia did not agree to the German demands by 2 pm on 28 September, Germany would take the Sudetenland by force. On the same day, Chamberlain returned to Britain and announced that Hitler demanded the annexation of the Sudetenland without delay. [33] The announcement enraged those in Britain and France who wanted to confront Hitler once and for all, even if it meant war, and its supporters gained strength. [33] The Czechoslovak Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Jan Masaryk, was elated upon hearing of the support for Czechoslovakia from British and French opponents of Hitler's plans, saying "The nation of Saint Wenceslas will never be a nation of slaves." [33]Neville Chamberlain with Benito Mussolini, September 1938On 25 September, Czechoslovakia agreed to the conditions previously agreed upon by Britain, France, and Germany. The next day, however, Hitler added new demands, insisting that the claims of ethnic Germans in Poland and Hungary also be satisfied. On 26 September, Chamberlain sent Sir Horace Wilson to carry a personal letter to Hitler declaring that the Allies wanted a peaceful resolution to the Sudeten crisis. [33] Later that evening, Hitler made his response in a speech at the Sportpalast in Berlin; he gave Czechoslovakia a deadline of 28 September at 2:00pm to cede the Sudetenland to Germany or face war. [33]On 28 September at 10:00am, four hours before the deadline and with no agreement to Hitler's demand by Czechoslovakia, the British ambassador to Italy, Lord Perth, called Italy's Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano to request an urgent meeting. [33] Perth informed Ciano that Chamberlain had instructed him to request that Mussolini enter the negotiations and urge Hitler to delay the ultimatum. [33] At 11:00am, Ciano met Mussolini and informed him of Chamberlain's proposition; Mussolini agreed with it and responded by telephoning Italy's ambassador to Germany and told him "Go to the Fuhrer at once, and tell him that whatever happens, I will be at his side, but that I request a twenty-four hour delay before hostilities begin. In the meantime, I will study what can be done to solve the problem." [35] Hitler received Mussolini's message while in discussions with the French ambassador. Hitler told the ambassador "My good friend, Benito Mussolini, has asked me to delay for twenty-four hours the marching orders of the German army, and I agreed. Of course, this was no concession, as the invasion date was set for 1 October 1938. " [36] Upon speaking with Chamberlain, Lord Perth gave Chamberlain's thanks to Mussolini as well as Chamberlain's request that Mussolini attend a four-power conference of Britain, France, Germany, and Italy in Munich on 29 September to settle the Sudeten problem prior to the deadline of 2:00pm. Mussolini agreed. [36] Hitler's only request was to make sure that Mussolini be involved in the negotiations at the conference. [36] When United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt learned the conference had been scheduled, he telegraphed Chamberlain, "Good man". [37]Resolution [ edit]Sequence of events following the Munich Agreement: 1. Germany occupies the Sudetenland (October 1938). 2. Poland annexes Zaolzie, an area with a Polish plurality, over which the two countries had fought a war in 1919 (October 1938). 3. Hungary occupies border areas (southern third of Slovakia and southern Carpathian Ruthenia) with Hungarian minorities in accordance with the First Vienna Award (November 1938). 4. On March 15, 1939, during the German invasion of the remaining Czech territories, Hungary annexes Carpathian Ruthenia (which had been autonomous since October 1938). 5. Germany establishes the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia with a puppet government, on March 16, 1939. 6. Meanwhile, during the German invasion of Czech territories, a pro-Hitler Catholic - fascist government splits off the remaining territories of Czechoslovakia and declares the Slovak Republic, an Axis client state. From left to right: Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, and Ciano pictured before signing the Munich Agreement, which gave the Sudetenland to Germany. A deal was reached on 29 September, and at about 1:30 am on 30 September 1938, [38] Adolf Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Benito Mussolini and Édouard Daladier signed the Munich Agreement. The agreement was officially introduced by Mussolini although in fact the Italian plan was nearly identical to the Godesberg proposal: the German army was to complete the occupation of the Sudetenland by 10 October, and an international commission would decide the future of other disputed areas. Czechoslovakia was informed by Britain and France that it could either resist Nazi Germany alone or submit to the prescribed annexations. The Czechoslovak government, realizing the hopelessness of fighting the Nazis alone, reluctantly capitulated (30 September) and agreed to abide by the agreement. The settlement gave Germany the Sudetenland starting 10 October, and de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler promised to go no further. On 30 September after some rest, Chamberlain went to Hitler and asked him to sign a peace treaty between the United Kingdom and Germany. After Hitler's interpreter translated it for him, he happily agreed. On 30 September, upon his return to Britain, Chamberlain delivered his controversial " peace for our time " speech to crowds in London. [39]The Führerbau in Munich, site of the 1938 Munich Agreement Present-day view of the Hitler's office in the Führerbau where the 1938 Munich Agreement was signed. Note the original fireplace and ceiling lamp. Reactions [ edit]Czechs expelled from the border looking for new home, October 1938 . Sudeten Germans cheering the arrival of the German Army into the Sudetenland in October 1938. Though the British and French were pleased, as were the Nazi military and German diplomatic leadership, a British diplomat in Berlin claimed he had been informed by reliable sources that soon after the meeting with Chamberlain Hitler had furiously said: "Gentlemen, this has been my first international conference and I can assure you that it will be my last". The British diplomat claimed his sources relayed that Hitler viewed Chamberlain as "an impertinent busybody who spoke the ridiculous jargon of an outmoded democracy." [40] In his postwar memoirs, Winston Churchill, a staunch opponent of appeasement, lumped Poland, and Hungary, both of which subsequently annexed parts of Czechoslovakia containing Polish and Hungarian nationals, with Germany as "vultures upon the carcass of Czechoslovakia." [41]The agreement was generally applauded. Prime Minister Édouard Daladier of France, did not believe, as one scholar put it, that a European War was justified "to maintain three million Germans under Czech sovereignty." Gallup Polls in Britain, France, and the United States indicated that the majority of people supported the agreement. President Beneš of Czechoslovakia was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize in 1939. Even Winston Churchill was reported at the time as commenting that he would have done the same as Chamberlain. [42]The New York Times headline on the Munich agreement read "Hitler gets less than his Sudeten demands" and reported that a "joyful crowd" hailed Daladier on his return to France and that Chamberlain was "wildly cheered" on his return to Britain. [43]Australian Prime Minister Joseph Lyons said "We owe heartfelt thanks to all responsible for the outcome, and appreciate very much the efforts of President Roosevelt and Signor Mussolini to bring about the Munich conference of the Powers at which a united desire for peace has been shown." [44]A political cartoon from Poland depicts The Soviet Union in the form of "Ivan" being kicked out of Europe: "It seems Europe has stopped respecting me"Czech refugees expelled from the Sudetenland at the Refugees Office October 1938Joseph Stalin was upset by the results of the Munich conference. The Soviets, who had a mutual military assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia, felt betrayed by France, who also had a mutual military assistance treaty with Czechoslovakia. The British and French, however, mostly used the Soviets as a threat to dangle over the Germans. Stalin concluded that the West had actively colluded with Hitler to hand over a Central European country to the Nazis, causing concern that they might do the same to the Soviet Union in the future, allowing the partition of the USSR between the western powers and the fascist Axis. This belief led the Soviet Union to reorient its foreign policy towards a rapprochement with Germany, which eventually led to the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939. [45]The Czechoslovaks were greatly dismayed with the Munich settlement. With Sudetenland gone to Germany, Czecho-Slovakia (as the state was now renamed) lost its defensible border with Germany and its fortifications. Without them its independence became more nominal than real. In fact, Edvard Beneš, the President of Czechoslovakia, had the military print the march orders for his army and put the press on standby for a declaration of war. Czechoslovakia also lost 70% of its iron/steel industry, 70% of its electrical power and 3.5 million citizens to Germany as a result of the settlement. [46]The Sudeten Germans celebrated what they saw as their liberation. The imminent war, it seemed, had been avoided. Before the Munich Agreement Hitler's determination to invade Czechoslovakia on 1 October 1938 had provoked a major crisis in the German command structure. The Chief of the General Staff, General Ludwig Beck, protested in a lengthy series of memos that it would start a world war that Germany would lose, and urged Hitler to put off the projected war. Hitler called Beck's arguments against war " kindische Kräfteberechnungen " ("childish force calculations"). On 4 August 1938, a secret Army meeting was held. Beck read his lengthy report to the assembled officers. They all agreed something had to be done to prevent certain disaster. Beck hoped they would all resign together but no one resigned except Beck. However his replacement, General Franz Halder, sympathised with Beck and they both conspired with several top generals, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris (Chief of German Intelligence), and Graf von Helldorf (Berlin's Police Chief) to arrest Hitler the moment he gave the invasion order. However, the plan would only work if Britain issued a strong warning and a letter to the effect that they would fight to preserve Czechoslovakia. This would help to convince the German people that certain defeat awaited Germany. Agents were therefore sent to England to tell Chamberlain that an attack on Czechoslovakia was planned, and of their intention to overthrow Hitler if this occurred. However, the proposal was rejected by the British Cabinet and no such letter was issued. Accordingly, the proposed removal of Hitler did not go ahead. [47] On this basis it has been argued that the Munich Agreement kept Hitler in power, although whether it would have been any more successful than the 1944 plot is doubtful. Map of the Sudetenland Reichsgau Opinions about the agreement [ edit]The British population had expected imminent war and the "statesman-like gesture" of Chamberlain was at first greeted with acclaim. Chamberlain was greeted as a hero by the royal family and invited on the balcony at Buckingham Palace before he had presented the agreement to Parliament. The generally positive reaction quickly soured despite royal patronage. But there was opposition from the start; Clement Attlee and the Labour Party opposed the agreement, in alliance with two Conservative MPs, Duff Cooper and Vyvyan Adams, who had been seen up to then as a die hard and reactionary element in the Conservative Party. As the threat of Germany and a European war became more evident, opinions changed. Chamberlain was excoriated for his role as one of the "Men of Munich", in books such as the 1940 Guilty Men. A rare wartime defence of the Munich Agreement came in 1944 from Viscount Maugham, who had been Lord Chancellor at the time. Maugham viewed the decision to establish a Czechoslovak state including substantial German and Hungarian minorities as a "dangerous experiment" in the light of previous disputes and ascribed the Munich Agreement largely to France's need to extricate itself from its treaty obligations in the light of its unpreparedness for war. [48] After the war, Churchill's memoir of the period, The Gathering Storm (1948), confirmed the view that Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler at Munich had been wrong, and recorded Churchill's pre-war warnings of Hitler's plan of aggression and the folly of Britain's persisting with disarmament after Germany had achieved air parity with Britain. Although Churchill recognized that Chamberlain acted from noble motives, he argued that Hitler should have been resisted over Czechoslovakia and that efforts should have been made to involve the Soviet Union on their side. Daladier believed Hitler's ultimate goals were a threat. He told the British in a late April 1938 meeting that Hitler's real aim was to eventually secure "a domination of the Continent in comparison with which the ambitions of Napoleon were feeble." He went on to say: "Today it is the turn of Czechoslovakia. Tomorrow it will be the turn of Poland and Romania. When Germany has obtained the oil and wheat it needs, she will turn on the West. Certainly we must multiply our efforts to avoid war. But that will not be obtained unless Great Britain and France stick together, intervening in Prague for new concessions but declaring at the same time that they will safeguard the independence of Czechoslovakia. If, on the contrary, the Western Powers capitulate again they will only precipitate the war they wish to avoid." [49] Perhaps discouraged by the arguments of the military and civilian members of the French government regarding their unprepared military and weak financial situation, as well as traumatised by France's bloodbath in the First World War that he was personally a witness to, Daladier ultimately let Chamberlain have his way. On his return to Paris, Daladier, who was expecting a hostile crowd, was acclaimed. American historian William Shirer, in his The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960), took the view that although Hitler was not bluffing about his intention to invade, Czechoslovakia would have been able to offer significant resistance. Shirer believed that Britain and France had sufficient air defences to avoid serious bombing of London and Paris and would have been able to pursue a rapid and successful war against Germany. [50] He quotes Churchill as saying the Munich agreement meant that "Britain and France were in a much worse position compared to Hitler's Germany". [46] After Adolf Hitler personally inspected the Czech fortifications, he privately said to Joseph Goebbels, "we would have shed a lot of blood" and that it was fortunate that there had been no fighting. [51]Adolf Hitler drives through the crowd in Cheb, October 1938. The "ghost of Munich" [ edit]In the United States and the United Kingdom, the words "Munich" and "appeasement" are synonymous with demanding forthright, often military, action to resolve an international crisis and characterizing a political opponent who advocates negotiation as "weak." In 1950, President Truman invoked "Munich" to justify his military action in the Korean War. "The world learned from Munich that security cannot be bought by appeasement," he said. [52] Nearly every subsequent crisis has been accompanied by cries of "Munich" from politicians and the media. In 1960, conservative Senator Barry Goldwater used "Munich" to describe a domestic political issue, saying that an attempt by the Republican Party to appeal to liberals was "The Munich of the Republican Party. [53] In 1962, General Curtis Le May told President John F. Kennedy that his refusal to bomb Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis was "almost as bad as the appeasement at Munich." [54] In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson, in justifying increased U. S. military action in Vietnam said, "We learned from Hitler and Munich that success only feeds the appetite for aggression." [55]Citing Munich has continued to be commonplace into the 21st century, especially for opposition politicians and conservatives. During negotiations for the Iran nuclear agreement by Secretary of State John Kerry a Texas Republican congressman characterized the negotiation as "worse than Munich." Kerry himself invoked Munich in a speech in France advocating military action in Syria by saying, "This is our Munich moment." [56]"Munich and appeasement," in the words of scholars Frederik Logevall and Kenneth Osgood, "have become among the dirtiest words in American politics, synonymous with naivete and weakness, and signifying a craven willingness to barter away the nation's vital interests for empty promises." They commented that the success of U. S. foreign policy often depends upon a president withstanding "the inevitable charges of appeasement that accompany any decision to negotiate with hostile powers." Those presidents who challenged the "tyranny of Munich" have often achieved policy breakthroughs and those who had cited Munich as a principle of U. S. foreign policy had often led the nation into its "most enduring tragedies." [57]Consequences of the Munich agreement [ edit]On 5 October, Beneš resigned as President of Czechoslovakia, realising that the fall of Czechoslovakia was inevitable. Following the outbreak of World War II, he formed a Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London. On 6 December 1938, the French-German non-aggression pact was signed in Paris by the French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet and the German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop. [58]Pertaining to the territories of Czechoslovakia after the Munich Agreement [ edit]The first Vienna Award to Hungary [ edit]Main article: First Vienna Award Admiral Horthy during the Hungarians' triumphant entry into Košice, November 1938Second Polish Republic annexed the Zaolzie area of Czechoslovakia inhabited mostly by ethnic Poles, October 1938. "For 600 years we have been waiting for you (1335-1938)." Ethnic Polish band welcoming the annexation of Zaolzie by the Polish Republic in Karviná, October 1938In early November 1938, under the First Vienna Award, which was a result of the Munich agreement, Czechoslovakia (and later Slovakia)—after it had failed to reach a compromise with Hungary and Poland—was forced by Germany and Italy to cede southern Slovakia (one third of Slovak territory) to Hungary, while Poland independently gained small territorial cessions shortly after (Zaolzie). As a result, Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia lost about 38% of their combined area to Germany, with some 2.8 million German and 513,000-750,000 [59] [60] Czech inhabitants. Hungary, in turn, received 11,882 km 2 (4,588 sq mi) in southern Slovakia and southern Ruthenia; according to a 1941 census, about 86.5% of the population in this territory was Hungarian. Slovakia lost 10,390 km 2 (4,010 sq mi) and 854,218 inhabitants for Hungary (according to a Czechoslovak 1930 census about 59% were Hungarians and 31.9% were Slovaks and Czechs [61] ). Meanwhile, Poland annexed the town of Český Těšín with the surrounding area (some 906 km 2 (350 sq mi), with 250,000 inhabitants; Poles made up about 36% of the population - a drop from 69% in 1910 [62]) [63] and two minor border areas in northern Slovakia, more precisely in the regions Spiš and Orava. (226 km 2 (87 sq mi), 4,280 inhabitants, only 0.3% Poles). Soon after Munich, 115,000 Czechs and 30,000 Germans fled to the remaining rump of Czechoslovakia. [ according to whom?] According to the Institute for Refugee Assistance, the actual count of refugees on 1 March 1939 stood at almost 150,000. [64]On 4 December 1938, there were elections in Reichsgau Sudetenland, in which 97.32% of the adult population voted for NSDAP. About a half million Sudeten Germans joined the Nazi Party which was 17.34% of the German population in Sudetenland (the average NSDAP participation in Nazi Germany was 7.85%). This means the Sudetenland was the most "pro-Nazi" region in the Third Reich. [65]Because of their knowledge of the Czech language, many Sudeten Germans were employed in the administration of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia as well as in Nazi organizations ( Gestapo, etc.). The most notable was Karl Hermann Frank: the SS and Police general and Secretary of State in the Protectorate. German invasion of the remainder of Czechoslovakia [ edit]Main article: German occupation of Czechoslovakia In 1937, the Wehrmacht had formulated a plan called "Operation Green" ( Fall Grün) for the invasion of Czechoslovakia [66] which was implemented as "Operation Southeast" on 15 March 1939. On 14 March Slovakia seceded from Czechoslovakia and became a separate pro-Nazi state. On the following day, Carpathian Ruthenia proclaimed independence as well, but after three days was completely occupied by Hungary. Czechoslovak president Emil Hácha traveled to Berlin and was left waiting, while orders to invade were already given. During the meeting with Adolf Hitler, Hácha was threatened with the bombing of Prague if he refused to order Czech troops to lay down their arms. This induced a heart attack, from which he was revived by an injection from Hitler's doctor. He then agreed to sign the communique accepting the German occupation of the remainder of Bohemia and Moravia "which in its unctuous mendacity was remarkable even for the Nazis". [67] Churchill's prediction was fulfilled as German armies entered Prague and proceeded to occupy the rest of the country, which was transformed into a protectorate of the Reich. By seizing Bohemia and Moravia the Third Reich gained all the skilled labour force and heavy industry placed there as well as all the weapons of the Czechoslovak army. At the time of Hitler's later attack on France, roughly 25% of all German weapons came from the protectorate Böhmen und Mähren. The Third Reich also gained the whole Czechoslovak gold treasure, including gold stored in the Bank of England. Of a total 227 tons of gold found after the war in salt mines, only 18.4 tons were returned to Czechoslovakia in 1982, although most of this gold came from Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia was also forced to "sell" to the Wehrmacht war material for 648 million of pre-war Czechoslovak crowns. This debt was never repaid. Germans even took the precaution of sending their troops over borders as early as the afternoon of 14 March, causing an incident between 13th (Silesian) Czechoslovak Battalion and the 8th Infantry Division of the Nazi army in Místek. After a while the Germans decided to pull out as the escalation could endanger "peaceful" takeover. Chamberlain [68] claimed the Prague annexation was a "completely different category", moving beyond the legitimate Versailles grievances. Meanwhile, concerns arose in Great Britain that Poland (now substantially encircled by German possessions) would become the next target of Nazi expansionism, which was made apparent by the dispute over the Polish Corridor and the Free City of Danzig. This resulted in the signing of an Anglo-Polish military alliance, and the consequent refusal of the Polish government to accept German negotiation proposals over the Polish Corridor and the status of Danzig. Prime Minister Chamberlain felt betrayed by the Nazi seizure of Czechoslovakia, realizing his policy of appeasement towards Hitler had failed, and began to take a much harder line against the Nazis. Amongst other things he immediately began to mobilize the British Empire's armed forces to a war footing. France did the same. Italy saw itself threatened by the British and French fleets and started its own invasion of Albania in April 1939. Although no immediate action followed, Hitler's invasion of Poland on 1 September officially began World War II. Significant industrial potential and military equipment of the former Czechoslovakia had been efficiently absorbed into the Third Reich. Strengthening of Wehrmacht's armament [ edit]Since most of the border defenses were located in the territory ceded as a consequence of the Munich Agreement, the remaining part of Czechoslovakia was entirely open to further invasion, despite having relatively large stockpiles of modern weaponry. In a speech delivered in Reichstag, Hitler expressed the importance of the occupation for strengthening of German military, noting that by occupying Czechoslovakia, Germany gained 2,175 field guns and cannons, 469 tanks, 500 anti-aircraft artillery pieces, 43,000 machine guns, 1,090,000 military rifles, 114,000 pistols, about a billion rounds of small-arms ammunition and three million rounds of anti-aircraft ammunition. This amount of weaponry would be sufficient to arm about half of the then Wehrmacht. [69] Czechoslovak weaponry later played major part in the German conquest of Poland and France, the latter country having urged Czechoslovakia to surrender to Germany in 1938. The birth of German resistance within the military [ edit]Main article: Oster Conspiracy In Germany the Sudeten crisis led to the so-called Oster Conspiracy. General Hans Oster, deputy head of the Abwehr, and prominent figures within the German military who opposed the regime for its behaviour that was threatening to bring Germany into a war that they believed it was not ready to fight, discussed overthrowing Hitler and the Nazi regime through a planned storming of the Reich Chancellery by forces loyal to the plot. Pertaining to international politics [ edit]Italian colonial demands from France [ edit]In October 1938 in the aftermath of the Munich Agreement, Italy demanded concessions from France to yield to Italy: a free port at Djibouti, control of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad, Italian participation in the management of Suez Canal Company, some form of French-Italian condominium over Tunisia, and the preservation of Italian culture in French-held Corsica with no French assimilation of the people. [70] Italy opposed the French monopoly over the Suez Canal because under the French-dominated Suez Canal Company all Italian merchant traffic to its colony of Italian East Africa was forced to pay tolls upon entering the canal. [70] [71] Mussolini hoped that in light of Italy's role in settling the Munich Agreement that prevented the outbreak of war, that Britain would react by putting pressure on France to yield to Italy's demands to preserve the peace. [70] France refused to accept Italy's demands as it was widely suspected that Italy's true intentions were territorial acquisition of Nice, Corsica, Tunisia, and Djibouti and not the milder official demands put forth. [70] Relations between Italy and France deteriorated with France's refusal to accept Italy's demands. [70] France responded to Italy's demands with threatening naval maneuvers as a warning to Italy. [70] As tensions between Italy and France grew, Hitler made a major speech on 30 January 1939 in which he promised German military support in the case of an unprovoked war against Italy. [72]Quotations from key participants [ edit]'The Funeral of British Honour'To the Editor of the Manchester Guardian Sir,The flowers piled before 10, Downing Street are very fitting for the funeral of British honour and, it may be, of the British Empire. For sheer degradation the frenzies of last Friday beat even the night of Mafeking. I appreciate the Prime Minister's love of peace. I know the horrors of war – a great deal better than he can. But when he returns from saving our skins from a blackmailer at the price of other people’s flesh, and waves, laughing with glee, a piece of paper with Herr Hitler’s name on it, if it were not ghastly, it would be grotesque. No doubt he has never read Mein Kampf in German. But to forget, so utterly, the Reichstag fire, and the occupation of the Rhineland, and 30 June 1934, and the fall of Austria! We have lost the courage to see things as they are. And yet Herr Hitler has kindly put down for us in black and white that programme he is so faithfully carrying out. (For he keeps his threats, though not his promises.) Alliance with Italy and England; the annihilation of France; the conquest for the German plough of the Ukraine; a Reich of 250,000,000. And then? I may be wrong. No one can tell. There are no sure prophecies in politics, as even Bismarck owned. But just because all roads lead none knows whither, all the more reason to keep the straight path of honour. This is the really unpardonable thing in the conduct of Mr. Chamberlain. Even if what he did were the right thing to do, this was not the way to do it. Any really great man who had felt forced to sacrifice a small nation that trusted in him would at least have returned full of anguish and of shame. But Mr. Chamberlain, though he had good intentions, has no finer sense of honour. He lent himself with complacency to the shrieking adulation of a London that had lost all dignity, without one thought for the agony of Prague. Leaders should have some touch of finer mettle. Mr. Chamberlain, canting of "peace with honour," has debased the moral currency of England. And not for the first time; and not, I fear, for the last. Meanwhile, the past is past, however shameful. What now? If we have any respect we shall remedy at once that outrageous omission by which all Sudetens in Czech prisons are to be liberated, while no word is said of the Czechs dragged across the frontier into German captivity or arrested in Germany. Secondly, we shall compensate Czechoslovakia for the property we have forced her to leave to the invader – the machinery in Czech-owned factories, the fortifications, and their artillery, – which belonged to the Czech State as a whole, not to the Sudetens, as indefeasibly as the very streets of Prague. Thirdly, unless we propose to barricade ourselves behind pieces of paper kindly autographed by Herr Hitler, we shall look a little better to our defences, even if it means conscription in the near future. [From a letter by F. L. Lucas of King's College, Cambridge, British anti-appeasement campaigner, to the Manchester Guardian, 4 October 1938]German occupation of Prague, 15 March 1939Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia The daily newspapers carried long columns of the names of the executed Czechs, 1944. Germany stated that the incorporation of Austria into the Reich resulted in borders with Czechoslovakia that were a great danger to German security, and that this allowed Germany to be encircled by the Western Powers. [73]Neville Chamberlain, announced the deal at Heston Aerodrome as follows:... the settlement of the Czechoslovak problem, which has now been achieved is, in my view, only the prelude to a larger settlement in which all Europe may find peace. This morning I had another talk with the German Chancellor, Herr Hitler, and here is the paper which bears his name upon it as well as mine. Some of you, perhaps, have already heard what it contains but I would just like to read it to you: ' ... We regard the agreement signed last night and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again.' [74]Later that day he stood outside 10 Downing Street and again read from the document and concluded: My good friends, for the second time in our history a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honour. I believe it is peace for our time ." (Chamberlain's reference to Disraeli 's return from the Congress of Berlin in 1878) [74] [75]Chamberlain in a letter to his sister Hilda, on 2 October 1938, wrote: I asked Hitler about one in the morning while we were waiting for the draftsmen whether he would care to see me for another talk…. I had a very friendly and pleasant talk, on Spain, (where he too said he had never had any territorial ambitions) economic relations with S. E. Europe, and disarmament. I did not mention colonies, nor did he. At the end I pulled out the declaration which I had prepared beforehand and asked if he would sign it. As the interpreter translated the words into German, Hitler said Yes, I will certainly sign it. When shall we do it? I said "now", and we went at once to the writing table and put our signatures to the two copies which I had brought with me." [ citation needed]Winston Churchill, denouncing the Agreement in the House of Commons [5 October 1938 [76] ], declared: We have suffered a total and unmitigated defeat ... you will find that in a period of time which may be measured by years, but may be measured by months, Czechoslovakia will be engulfed in the Nazi régime. We are in the presence of a disaster of the first magnitude ... we have sustained a defeat without a war, the consequences of which will travel far with us along our road ... we have passed an awful milestone in our history, when the whole equilibrium of Europe has been deranged, and that the terrible words have for the time being been pronounced against the Western democracies: "Thou art weighed in the balance and found wanting". And do not suppose that this is the end. This is only the beginning of the reckoning. This is only the first sip, the first foretaste of a bitter cup which will be proffered to us year by year unless by a supreme recovery of moral health and martial vigour, we arise again and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time. Prior to the conference on 13 August 1938 Churchill wrote in a letter to Lloyd George: [77]England has been offered a choice between war and shame. She has chosen shame, and will get war. Legal nullification [ edit]During the Second World War, British Prime Minister Churchill, who opposed the agreement when it was signed, became determined that the terms of the agreement would not be upheld after the war and that the Sudeten territories should be returned to postwar Czechoslovakia. On 5 August 1942, Foreign Minister Anthony Eden sent the following note to Jan Masaryk: In the light of recent exchanges of view between our Governments, I think it may be useful for me to make the following statement about the attitude of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom as regards Czecho-Slovakia. In my letter of the 18th July, 1941, I informed your Excellency that the King had decided to accredit an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Dr. Beneš as President of the Czecho-Slovak Republic. I explained that this decision implied that His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom regarded the juridical position of the President and Government of the Czecho-Slovak Republic as identical with that of the other Allied heads of States and Governments established in this country. The status of His Majesty's representative has recently been raised to that of an Ambassador. The Prime Minister had already stated in a message broadcast to the Czecho-Slovak people on the 30th September, 1940, the attitude of His Majesty's Government in regard to the arrangements reached at Munich in 1938. Mr. Churchill then said that the Munich Agreement had been destroyed by the Germans. This statement was formally communicated to Dr. Beneš on the 11th November, 1940. The foregoing statement and formal act of recognition have guided the policy of His Majesty's Government in regard to Czecho-Slovakia, but in order to avoid any possible misunderstanding, I desire to declare on behalf of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom that as Germany has deliberately destroyed the arrangements concerning Czecho-Slovakia reached in 1938, in which His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom participated, His Majesty's Government regard themselves as free from any engagements in this respect. At the final settlement of the Czecho-Slovak frontiers to be reached at the end of the war they will not be influenced by any changes effected in and since 1938. To which Masaryk replied as follows: I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 5th August, 1942, and I avail myself of this opportunity to convey to your Excellency, on behalf of the Czecho-Slovak Government and of myself, as well as in the name of the whole Czecho-Slovak people who are at present suffering so terribly under the Nazi yoke, the expression of our warmest thanks. Your Excellency's note emphasises the fact that the formal act of recognition has guided the policy of His Majesty's Government in regard to Czecho-Slovakia, but, in order to avoid any possible misunderstanding, His Majesty's Government now desire to declare that, as Germany has deliberately destroyed the arrangements concerning Czecho-Slovakia reached in 1938, in which His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom participated, His Majesty's Government regard themselves as free from any engagements in this respect. At the final settlement of the Czecho-Slovak frontiers to be reached at the end of the war, they will not be influenced by any changes effected in and since 1938. My Government accept your Excellency's note as a practical solution of the questions and difficulties of vital importance for Czecho-Slovakia which emerged between our two countries as the consequence of the Munich Agreement, maintaining, of course, our political and juridical position with regard to the Munich Agreement and the events which followed it as expressed in the note of the Czecho-Slovak Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the 16th December, 1941. We consider your important note of the 5th August, 1942, as a highly significant act of justice towards Czecho-Slovakia, and we assure you of our real satisfaction and of our profound gratitude to your great country and nation. Between our two countries the Munich Agreement can now be considered as dead. [78]Following Allied victory and the surrender of the Third Reich in 1945, the Sudetenland was returned to Czechoslovakia, while the German speaking majority was expelled. Legacy [ edit]The West German politics of staying neutral in the Arab–Israeli conflict following the Munich massacre and the subsequent hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 615 in 1972, rather than taking the decided pro-Israel position of earlier governments, led to Israeli comparisons with the Munich Agreement and the Appeasement. [79]See also [ edit]Appeasement of Hitler Neville Chamberlain's European Policy German occupation of Czechoslovakia Lesson of Munich Treaty of Prague (1973)Western betrayal Sudetenland Medal Causes of World War IIReferences [ edit]Notes [ edit]^ William L. Shirer (11 October 2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. Simon and Schuster. pp. 382–. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.^ William L. Shirer (11 October 2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. Simon and Schuster. pp. 421–. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.^ William L. Shirer (11 October 2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. Simon and Schuster. pp. 422–. ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3.^ Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice československé I. Země česká. Prague. 1934. Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice československé II. Země moravskoslezská. Prague. 1935.^ Douglas, R. M. (2012), Orderly and Humane, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 9^ Douglas, pp. 7-12^ a b c d e f Eleanor L. Turk. The History of Germany. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press, 1999. ISBN 9780313302749. Pp. 123.^ Douglas, pp. 12-13^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, pp. 100–101, Vol. 3.^ Douglas, p. 18^ a b Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 102, Vol. 3.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 101.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 1001–1002.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 102.^ a b Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 104.^ Paul N. Hehn (2005). A Low, Dishonest Decade: The Great Powers, Eastern Europe and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930-1941. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 89.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 102-3.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 104, Vol. 3.^ a b c d e Bell 1986, p. 238.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 201.^ a b c Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 105.^ Noakes & Pridham 2010, p. 105, Vol. 3.^ a b c d e Adolf Hitler, Max Domarus. The Essential Hitler: Speeches and Commentary. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2007. ISBN 9780865166271. Pp. 626.^ a b Adolf Hitler, Max Domarus. The Essential Hitler: Speeches and Commentary. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2007. ISBN 9780865166271. Pp. 627.^ a b Bell 1986, p. 239.^ a b c d e f Santi Corvaja, Robert L. Miller. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York, New York, USA: Enigma Books, 2008. ISBN 9781929631421. Pp. 71.^ Santi Corvaja, Robert L. Miller. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York, New York, USA: Enigma Books, 2008. ISBN 9781929631421. Pp. 71–72.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Santi Corvaja, Robert L. Miller. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York, New York, USA: Enigma Books, 2008. ISBN 9781929631421. Pp. 72.^ President Beneš' declaration made on 16 December 1941^ Note of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile dated 22 February 1944^ Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic (1997), Ruling No. II. ÚS 307/97 (in Czech), Brno Stran interpretace "kdy země vede válku", obsažené v čl. I Úmluvy o naturalizaci mezi Československem a Spojenými státy, publikované pod č. 169/1929 Sb. za účelem zjištění, zda je splněna podmínka státního občanství dle restitučních předpisů, Ústavní soud vychází z již v roce 1933 vypracované definice agrese Společnosti národů, která byla převzata do londýnské Úmluvy o agresi (CONVENITION DE DEFINITION DE L'AGRESSION), uzavřené dne 4. 7. 1933 Československem, dle které není třeba válku vyhlašovat (čl. II bod 2) a dle které je třeba za útočníka považovat ten stát, který první poskytne podporu ozbrojeným tlupám, jež se utvoří na jeho území a jež vpadnou na území druhého státu (čl. II bod 5). V souladu s nótou londýnské vlády ze dne 22. 2. 1944, navazující na prohlášení prezidenta republiky ze dne 16. 12. 1941 dle § 64 odst. 1 bod 3 tehdejší Ústavy, a v souladu s citovaným čl. II bod 5 má Ústavní soud za to, že dnem, kdy nastal stav války, a to s Německem, je den 17. 9. 1938, neboť tento den na pokyn Hitlera došlo k utvoření "Sudetoněmeckého svobodného sboru" (Freikorps) z uprchnuvších vůdců Henleinovy strany a několik málo hodin poté už tito vpadli na československé území ozbrojeni německými zbraněmi.^ Nigel Jones. Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler. Pp. 73-74.^ a b c d e f g h i j Santi Corvaja, Robert L. Miller. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York, New York, USA: Enigma Books, 2008. ISBN 9781929631421. Pp. 73.^ Haslam, Jonathan (1983). Soviet Foreign Policy, 1930-33. The Impact of the Depression, New York, 1983. New York: St. Martin's Press.^ Santi Corvaja, Robert L. Miller. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York, New York, USA: Enigma Books, 2008. ISBN 9781929631421. Pp. 73–74.^ a b c Santi Corvaja, Robert L. Miller. Hitler & Mussolini: The Secret Meetings. New York, New York, USA: Enigma Books, 2008. ISBN 9781929631421. Pp. 74.^ Dallek, Robert (1995). Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945: With a New Afterword. Oxford University Press. p. 166. ISBN 9780199826667.^ Gilbert & Gott 1967, p. 178.^ http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/peacetime.html^ Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick 1959, p. 135.^ Winston S. Churchill (2002). The Gathering Storm: The Second World War, Volume 1. Rosetta Books LCC. p. 289-290.^ Douglas, pp. 14-15^ The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0930.html#article, accessed 10 Jan 2018^ "Empire Comment on the Agreement". The Manchester Guardian. 1 Oct 1938. p. 7. We owe heartfelt thanks to all responsible for the outcome, and appreciate very much the efforts of President Roosevelt and Signor Mussolini to bring about the Munich conference of the Powers at which a united desire for peace has been shown.^ Klaus Hildebrand 1991.^ a b Shirer, William L. 1960.^ Terry Parssinen 2004.^ Viscount Maugham 1944.^ Shirer, William L. 1969, p. 339–340.^ Shirer, William L. 1960, p. 520.^ See Joseph Goebbels diary, 2 Oct 1938, p. 2.^ "The Munich Analogy-The Korean War,' Encyclopedia of the New American Nationhttp://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/The-Munich-Analogy-The-korean-war.html. accessed 11 Jan 2018^ "The Conservative 1960s" (December 1995), The Atlantic, p. 6, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1995/12/the-conservative-1960s/376506/, accessed 11 Jan 2018^ Wheatcroft, Geoffrey, (3 December 2013), "On the Use and Abuse of Munich," https://newrepublic.com/article/115803/munich-analogies-are-inaccurate-cliched-and-dangerous, accessed 11 Jan 2018^ Logevall, Fredrik and Osgood, Dennis (July-August 2010, "The Ghost of Munich: America's Appeasement Complex," World Affairs, http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/ghost-munich-americas-appeasement-complex, accessed 11 Jan 2018^ Wheatcroft^ Logevall and Osgood^ France Signs "No-War" Pact with Germany, Chicago Tribune, 7 December 1938^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.^ http://www.bohumildolezal.cz/texty/u074-08.htm^http://www.forumhistoriae.sk/documents/10180/70153/hetenyi.pdf^ Irena Bogoczová, Jana Raclavska. "Report about the national and language situation in the area around Czeski Cieszyn/Český Těšín in the Czech Republic". Czeski Cieszyn/Český Těšín Papers. Nr 7, EUR. AC research. November 2006. p. 2. (source: Zahradnik. "Struktura narodowościowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisów ludności 1880-1991". Třinec 1991).^ Siwek nd.^ Forced displacement of Czech population under Nazis in 1938 and 1943, Radio Prague^ Zimmermann, Volker 1999.^ Herzstein, Robert Edwin 1980, p. 184.^ Noakes, J. and Pridham, G. (eds) (2010) [2001] Nazism 1919-1945, Vol 3, Foreign Policy, War and Racial Extermination, University of Exeter Press, Exeter, p.119^ Mc Donough, 2002, p.73^ Motl, Stanislav (2007), Kam zmizel zlatý poklad republiky (2nd ed. ), Prague: Rybka publishers^ a b c d e f H. James Burgwyn. Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918-1940. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers, 1997. p182-183.^ " French Army breaks a one-day strike and stands on guard against a land-hungry Italy ", LIFE, 19 Dec 1938. pp. 23.^ H. James Burgwyn. Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918-1940. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Praeger Publishers, 1997. p185.^ Reinhard Müller 1943, p. 116-130.^ a b The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations^ "Neville Chamberlain". UK government. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2008.^ "National Churchill Museum". Retrieved 1 October 2016.^ > "The Churchill Center". Retrieved 1 October 2016. [ permanent dead link]^ League of Nations Treaty Series, p. 378–380.^ "Deutsche Feigheit". Der Spiegel (in German). 11 November 1972. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013. Bibliography [ edit]Books Noakes, J.; Pridham, G. (2010) [2001]. Nazism 1919–1945: Foreign Policy War, and Racial Extermination. 2 (2nd ed.). Devon: University of Exeter Press. Noakes, J.; Pridham, G. (2010) [2001]. Nazism 1919–1945: Foreign Policy War, and Racial Extermination. 3 (2nd ed.). Devon: University of Exeter Press. Bell, P. M. H. (1986). The Second World War in Europe. Harlow, Essex: Longman. Gilbert, Martin; Gott, Richard (1967). The Appeasers. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick (1959). The Inner Circle. Macmillan. Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Pan. Shirer, William L. (1969). The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Fall of France in 1940. De Capo Press. Klaus Hildebrand (1991). Das Dritte Reich (in German). München: Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte. S.36Terry Parssinen (2004). The Oster Conspiracy of 1938: The Unknown Story of the Military Plot to Kill Hitler. Pimlico Press. ISBN 1-84413-307-9. Viscoumt Maugham (1944). The Truth about the Munich Crisis. William Heinemann Ltd. Zimmerman, Volker (1999). Die Sudetendeutschen im NS-Staat. Politik und Stimmung der Bevölkerung im Reichsgau Sudetenland (1938–1945) (in German). Essen. ISBN 3-88474-770-3. Reinhard Müller (1943). Deutschland (in German). München and Berlin :: Sechster Teil, R. Oldenbourg Verlag. Herzstein, Robert Edwin (1980). The Nazis. World War II series. New York: Time-Life Books. Mc Donough, F. (2002). Hitler, Chamberlain and Appeasement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Web Siwek, Tadeusz (n.d.). "Statystyczni i niestatystyczni Polacy w Republice Czeskiej" (in Polish). Wspólnota Polska. Other League of Nations Treaty Series. 204. Journals Dray, W. H. (1978). Concepts of Causation in A. J. P. Taylor's Account of the Origins of the Second World War. 17. History and Theory. JSTOR 2504843. Jordan, Nicole. "Léon Blum and Czechoslovakia, 1936-1938." French History 5#1 (1991): 48-73. Thomas, Martin. "France and the Czechoslovak crisis." Diplomacy and Statecraft 10.23 (1999): 122-159. Further reading [ edit]Madeleine Albright with Bill Woodward, Prague Winter: A personal Story of Remembrance and War, 1937–1948, Harper, 2012Peter Bugge, Czech Democracy 1918–1938. Paragon or Parody?, in Bohemia, Vol 47, no. 1 2006/2007Cole, Robert A. "Appeasing Hitler: The Munich Crisis of 1938: A Teaching and Learning Resource," New England Journal of History (2010) 66#2 pp 1–30. Faber, David. Munich, 1938: Appeasement and World War II (2009) excerpt and text search Miller,Daniel E. Forging Political Compromise: Antonín Švehla and the Czechoslovak Republican Party, 1918–1933, University or Pittsburgh Press, 1999Orzoff, Andrea. Battle for the Castne: Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914–1948, Oxford University Press, 2009Riggs, Bruce Timothy. "Geoffrey Dawson, editor of "The Times" (London), and his contribution to the appeasement movement" (Ph D dissertation, U of North Texas, 1993) online, bibliography pp 229-33. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Munich Agreement. The Munich Agreement – Text of the Munich Agreement on-line The Munich Agreement in contemporary radio news broadcasts – Actual radio news broadcasts documenting evolution of the crisis The Munich Agreement Original reports from The Times British Pathe newsreel (includes Chamberlain's speech at Heston aerodrome) ( Adobe Flash)Peace: And the Crisis Begins from a broadcast by Dorothy Thompson, 1 October 1938Post-blogging the Sudeten Crisis – A day by day summary of the crisis Text of the 1942 exchange of notes nullifying the Munich agreement Photocopy of The Munich Agreement from Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin (text in German) and from The National Archives in London (map). Map of Europe during Munich Agreement at omniatlas Dr. Quigley explains how Nazi Germany seized a stronger Czechoslovakia [ show]v t e Czechoslovakia in World War IIAuthority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 192819380 GND: 4170659-6 NDL: 00567914 NKC: unn2007414778Categories: Munich Agreement 1938 conferences 1938 in France 1938 in Germany 1938 in Italy1938 in the United Kingdom Partition (politics) Treaties concluded in 1938 Treaties of Nazi Germany Treaties of the French Third Republic Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) Treaties of the United Kingdom Territorial evolution of Hungary 1930s in Munich
The attorney for the estate then applies for a court date (the âconfirmation hearingâ) when the sale will be executed. The court date is usually within 30 to 45 days of the date the application is filed. A copy of the application and details concerning the sale are mailed to all interested parties.
October 2010 World's smallest Full HD display unveiled by Ortustech When Apple introduced the fourth generation iPhone last June, Steve Jobs made a lot of hay about the 326 pixel-per-inch density of its 960 x 640 Retina display. To date, that's the highest pixel density found on any portable device, but it may not be for long. Casio and Toppan have a joint venture called Ortustech that has just announced a 4.8-inch diagonal display with a resolution of 1,920 x 1,080. For the mathematically challenged among us, that works out to a massive 458 ppi density, meaning that no human (at least) is likely to be complaining about being able to see individual pixels. Now That's What I Call a Sexy Gadget Armor plated military underwear, resembling somewhat its medieval sister 'chastity-belt', is very economic in material yet does not fail to protect the very sensitive areas. The highly effective flexible straps assures her undies will remain in place while under the most stringent of conditions. Say Hello to the Fish; the Mouse is Dead! The mouse is dead! Long live the fish. For all the lazy bums who like to lie around on couches and bed and operate the computer lying down or lazing around, the fish is new hand held mouse that will revolutionaries the way we use our mouse. The fish handheld mouse has no complicated things to adhere to, it comes with a plug that can be plugged into any USB port and the fish is ready to be used It is hand held and hence you can lie down and surf the net, play games, design or do editing or any work on your computer. At times when you are in a flight or travelling somewhere and you don’t have enough space to place your mouse it becomes difficult to work. The fish handheld mouse overcomes all such worries, just hold it in your hand and operate. It doesn’t require a working area. The fish handheld mouse is ideal for use on your laptops or while travelling in trains or planes, and yes during presentation you don’t have to go to the table and click to keep changing the slides. Now presentations can be spontaneous as it is a very perfect controller for business presentations. -Latest Gadget News Gadgets Make Men Happier Men are more likely to rate technology as a necessity of life than women, a recent survey suggests. The UMR Research survey conducted in New Zealand indicated that men placed more importance on having a home computer, high-speed internet, a microwave and Sky TV than women. The research also showed that the younger people were more likely to view technology as something they could do without. The top four necessities for those aged 18-29 years were car at 74 per cent, mobile phone at 71 per cent, home computer at 63 per cent, and high-speed internet at 55 per cent. These were all rated lower than three of the top four necessities for those aged over 60 -- landline telephone, car and television. -World News Australia The research showed that trends also played an important role. Technology that was more popular when respondents were younger was more likely to be viewed as a necessity of life. Older people were more likely to think a television and a landline was more important than an MP3 player or a mobile phone. About 750 people, aged 18 and over, were involved in the nationwide survey. Light Torch: a touch screen computer projector The gadget, Light Touch, uses holographic laser-projection technology to beam a 10in virtual touch-screen on to any surface. Infrared sensors detect the finger taps of the user, and allows them to type words, or open and close programs and applications. It runs Windows CE, a basic version of Microsoft's popular operating system, and users can use it to write a letter or watch a video. Sweeping a hand across the surface enables users to flick between photos or programs. "The opportunities for Light Touch extend beyond consumer electronics," said Chris Harris, chief executive of Light Blue Optics. "It could profoundly change the way people interact with multimedia content and the built environment." Firms such as Adobe, Microsoft and Toshiba are rumoured to be int
Teach For All is a global network of 45 independent, locally led and funded partner organizations whose stated shared mission is to "expand educational opportunity around the world by increasing and accelerating the impact of social enterprises that are cultivating the leadership necessary for change." Each partner aims to recruit and develop diverse graduates and professionals to exert leadership through two-year commitments to teach in their nations' high-need classrooms and lifelong commitments to expand opportunity for children. The organization was founded in 2007 by Wendy Kopp (founder and former CEO of Teach For America) and Brett Wigdortz (CEO of Teach First). Teach For All works to accelerate partners' progress and increase their impact by capturing and sharing knowledge, facilitating connections across the network, accessing global resources for the benefit of the whole, and fostering leadership development of staff, teachers, and alumni.
Tonearm skating forces and other perturbations are also picked up by the stylus. This is a form of frequency multiplexing as the control signal (restoring force) used to keep the stylus in the groove is carried by the same mechanism as the sound itself. Subsonic frequencies below about 20 Hz in the audio signal are dominated by tracking effects, which is one form of unwanted rumble ("tracking noise") and merges with audible frequencies in the deep bass range up to about 100 Hz. High fidelity sound equipment can reproduce tracking noise and rumble. During a quiet passage, woofer speaker cones can sometimes be seen to vibrate with the subsonic tracking of the stylus, at frequencies as low as just above 0.5 Hz (the frequency at which a 33 1⁄3 rpm record turns on the turntable; 5⁄9 Hz exactly on an ideal turntable). Another reason for very low frequency material can be a warped disk: its undulations produce frequencies of only a few hertz and present day amplifiers have large power bandwidths. For this reason, many stereo receivers contained a switchable subsonic filter. Some subsonic content is directly out of phase in each channel. If played back on a mono subwoofer system, the noise will cancel, significantly reducing the amount of rumble that is reproduced.
Issue 157 by East Cork Journal (page 54) - issuu issuu Wednesday, September 22nd, 2010 - The East Cork Journal The Puzzler WIN2TICKETS FOR... TEL. (021) 4630066 WITH OUR Tea-Break Crossword 4 Test your concentration with this word ladder H E A D 25 ELEANOR HERLIHY GARRYVOE Congratulations to last week’s winner: ACROSS 8. Home on wheels (7) 9. Bend (5) 10. Regal (5) 11. Disrepute (7) 12. Memory (4) 13. Various (8) 16. Soldier (8) 18. Magician’s stick (4) 21. Umpire (7) 23. Powerful beam (5) L B S K 25. Birds’ homes (5) 26. Push under water (7) DOWN 1. Mark from a wound (4) 2. Coloured pencil (6) 3. Sins (5) 4. Writing fluids (4) 5. Eight-sided figure (7) 6. Commendation (6) 7. Sheltered, private (8) 12. Short pasta (8) 14. Town with healing springs (3) 15. Holiday maker (7) 17. Say no (6) 19. Guarantee (6) 20. Ascend (5) 22. Discharge (4) 24. Grass (4) ACANSERWS TO LAST WEEK: ACROSS: 8. Picture 9. Cacti 10. Chess 11. Monarch 12. Wind 13.Turmeric 16. Expelled 18. Stop 21. Torment 23. Never 25. Ended 26. Inferno. DOWN: 1. Epic 2. Screen 3. Fussy 4. Beam 5. Economy 6. Scorer 7. Nightcap 12. Wreathes 14. Use 15. Already 17. Parade 19. Tavern 20. Knife 22.Trio 24. Rook. Name: ______________________________ Address: ____________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Tel (mobile):______________________________ Home:_______________________________ Entries to East Cork Journal, 1st Floor, Watersedge, Riverside Way, Midleton T A I L Five Minutes - Five Questions 1. Translating as ‘place of the way’ what Japanese word describes a facility for teaching physical skills such as martial arts? 2. In botany, if a plant is monocarpic what does it do only once? 3. What is the call-sign name of the US presidential helicopter? 4. Over which desert did France test its first atom bomb in 1960? 5. What is the name of Long John Silver’s parrot in the novel ‘Treasure Island?’ Answer to last week’s Medium 3 ANSWERS TO WORDGAMES: 1. Backflips 2. HEAL TEAL TELL TALL ANSWERS: 1. Dojo 2. Bear fruit 3. Marine One 4. Sahara 5. Captain Flint 8
As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churches. The UCC is the successor of the city's Puritan religious traditions. Old South Church in Boston is one of the oldest congregations in the United States. It was organized in 1669 by dissenters from the First Church in Boston (1630). Notable past members include Samuel Adams, William Dawes, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Sewall, and Phillis Wheatley. In 1773, Adams gave the signals from the Old South Meeting House that started the Boston Tea Party.
Rajon Rondo Rondo played two years of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats before he was drafted 21st overall by the Phoenix Suns in the 2006 NBA draft. He was subsequently traded to the Celtics where he played a supporting role during his rookie season. He established himself as the starting point guard for the Celtics during the 2007–08 season, helping the franchise record their 17th NBA championship playing alongside All-Stars Ray Allen, Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce. His breakout performance came during the 2009 NBA Playoffs, where he averaged a near triple-double, and helped his team take the eventual Eastern Conference champion Orlando Magic to seven games in the Conference Semifinals.[2] Rondo is considered to be one of the premier triple-double threats in the NBA.[3] He ranks 12th in NBA history in career regular season triple-doubles (28),[4] and fourth in career playoff triple-doubles (10).[5]
If you are operating a mobile detailing business, your premium costs will be lower than operating out of a shop. A typical premium for $500,000 worth of coverage for a mobile detailing operator is about $1,800 per year â or about $150 per month. Most agencies require a 20 percent down payment to start the policy.
Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae (see the images below). The hallmark of the disease is profuse secretory diarrhea.Cholera can be endemic, epidemic, or pandemic. Despite all the major advances in research, the condition still remains a challenge to the modern medical world.holera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae (see the images below). The hallmark of the disease is profuse secretory diarrhea.
Sarah Harrison -LRB- born 1981/1982 -RRB- is a British journalist , legal researcher , and WikiLeaks section editor . She works with the WikiLeaks Legal Defense and is Julian Assange 's closest adviser . Harrison accompanied National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden on a high-profile flight from Hong Kong to Moscow while he was sought by the United States government .
Mike's Hard Lemonade Co. Mike's Hard Lemonade Co. is a ready to drink beverage manufacturer based in the United States. It is distributed by Labatt Breweries of Canada in the United States and owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev[1] globally. The company produces a family of products based on its original Mike's Hard Lemonade, first introduced in Canada in 1996, a mix of malt liquor, natural flavors and carbonated water. Mike's entered the U.S. market on April 1, 1999, changing the beverage to a mixture of lemonade flavor and an unflavored malt liquor base, due to differing tax and beverage laws.
Fly Me to the Moon "Fly Me to the Moon", originally titled "In Other Words", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song the year it was written. Since then, it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song at the end of each episode.
Cape Farewell, Greenland Tourist Information Locals and travelers to connect with About Egger Island, Greenland 59.7792-43.9117 Cape Farewell is a headland on the southern shore of Egger Island, Greenland . It is the southernmost extent of Greenland, projecting out into the North Atlantic Ocean and the Labrador Sea on the same latitude as Stockholm and the Scottish Shetland Islands. Egger and the associated minor islands are known as the Farewell Archipelago. The area is part of the Kujalleq municipality. Map
Rake It Up "Rake It Up" is a single recorded by American rapper Yo Gotti from his collaborative album with record producer Mike WiLL Made-It titled Gotti Made-It (2017), featuring vocals by American rapper Nicki Minaj. Produced by Mike WiLL Made-It and 30 Roc, the song was released on June 1, 2017. It is a hip hop and trap song, which prominently samples Too Short's "Freaky Tales". The official music video premiered August 21 on Tidal, but was subsequently released on YouTube on August 26. The song has peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, making it Yo Gotti's first top 10 entry and most successful single to date.[1]
The Year in Music - 1983 The Year in Music - 1983 Boy George, Cyndi Lauper, George Strait By 1983 the "New Music" of the Eighties -- a blend of rock, soul, disco and reggae wrapped in synth -- had become well-established, and record sales were up after a long slump that had started in the late 1970s. According to TIME Magazine, a "diverse but irresistible mix of sounds has brought the kids back not only to the record racks but to the clubs and concerts as well." A plethora of new acts had injected life into the music industry, with a lot of help from MTV, which by September of this year was reaching over 15 million households. Many of the new acts came from overseas -- in fact, it could be said that a second "British Invasion" occurred in the early Eighties, with groups like The Human League, Soft Cell, Culture Club, Duran Duran, A Flock of Seagulls and the Thompson Twins setting the electropop parameters. Australian groups like Men at Work and INXS were also beginning to fare quite well in America. On the dance floor, David Bowie's "Let's Dance" and Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean" defined the post-disco beat. Last year, rock radio had been playing 75% rock classics; this year they played 75% new music. MTV's five "vee-jays" -- Nina Blackwood, Mark Goodman, Alan Hunter, J.J. Jackson and Martha Quinn -- were airing 300 videos a day, none of which MTV paid for. Record companies realized that rock videos were highly effective sales devices. In 1981, only 23 of Billboard's Top 100 singles were supported by videos; in 1983, over 50% of them were -- as were 17 of the Top 20 albums. MTV sold more music in a single year than radio had in the past five. Research by MTV's parent company, Warner/Amex, revealed that MTV viewers bought an average of nine albums a year, well above the national average. And the average MTV viewer was 25 and made over $30,000 a year -- a statistic that did not escape the 125 advertisers who paid $1,500 for 30 seconds of airtime. In 1982 Les Garland, Vice President of Programming for MTV, said, "The record companies were in serious trouble in 1980 and 1981. They didn't know if [MTV] would help. But they're just now starting to . . . have visions of coming back." No band was more effective than Duran Duran in riding the video wave to success; in 1983 MTV was giving plenty of air play to four of their videos -- "Hungry Like the Wolf," "Rio," "Save A Prayer" and "Girls on Film." However, in spite of the second British Invasion, the most requested act on MTV was the duo of Hall & Oates, which had enjoyed a string of big hits in the early Eighties, including "Maneater," "Private Eyes" and "Your Kiss Is On My List." This was the year that MTV conquered the New York City and Los Angeles markets, and network television as well as local outfits were packaging their own video programs. Ted Turner's WTBS superstation debuted Night Tracks and in July NBC introduced its Friday Night Videos. Video jukeboxes began showing up in clubs and restaurants all across the country. Record companies were having no luck convincing Congress that home taping should be made illegal (as it was in other countries, including Britain.) CBS had created a "spoiler" -- a device in the recording system that when activated by an electronic signal on the pre-recorded cassette or LP prevented duplication -- but didn't dare use it unless legislation required other companies to do likewise. Compact discs were a new idea that many experts in the field doubted would ever really catch on; although no one disputed that CD sound quality was superior to that of cassettes or LPs, the cost of a CD player was prohibitively high at $800-$1,500, while the CD itself cost $20. To recoup expenses for videos airing on MTV for free, record companies began marketing video singles, 10-15 minute video cassettes. Meanwhile, independent label Arista signed a distribution deal with RCA, while Chrysalis did the same with CBS and Motown linked up with MCA. In 1983 a profound change in country music began to take root in Nashville. Texas-born
Cleburne is a city and county seat of Johnson County, Texas, United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population is 29,377. The city is named in honor of Patrick Cleburne, a Confederate General. Lake Pat Cleburne, the reservoir that provides water to the city and surrounding area, is also named after him.
Experienced Pole Robert Kubica will be a reserve driver for Alfa Romeo in the 2020 season, the team announced on Wednesday. Kubica, 35, made his return to Formula One with Williams last season following a long absence caused by a life-threatening rally crash. He will back up Kimi Raikkonen and Antonio Giovinazzi. Kubica's return to the team formerly known as Sauber has been facilitated by a sponsorship deal between Alfa Romeo and his principal backer, Polish oil company PKN Orlen.
2006 Academy Awards® Winners and History Monster House (2006) Actor: FOREST WHITAKER in "The Last King of Scotland," Leonardo DiCaprio in "Blood Diamond," Ryan Gosling in "Half Nelson," Peter O'Toole in "Venus," Will Smith in "The Pursuit of Happyness" Actress: HELEN MIRREN in "The Queen," Penelope Cruz in "Volver," Judi Dench in "Notes on a Scandal," Meryl Streep in "The Devil Wears Prada," Kate Winslet in "Little Children" Supporting Actor: ALAN ARKIN in "Little Miss Sunshine," Jackie Earle Haley in "Little Children," Djimon Honsou in "Blood Diamond," Eddie Murphy in "Dreamgirls," Mark Wahlberg in "The Departed" Supporting Actress: JENNIFER HUDSON in "Dreamgirls," Adriana Barraza in "Babel," Cate Blanchett in "Notes on a Scandal," Abigail Breslin in "Little Miss Sunshine," Rinko Kikuchi in "Babel" Director: MARTIN SCORSESE for "The Departed," Clint Eastwood for "Letters From Iwo Jima," Stephen Frears for "The Queen," Paul Greengrass for "United 93," Alejandro González Iñárritu for "Babel" The 2006 nominees continued Hollywood's trend of nominating relatively low-to-modestly budgeted films with ensemble casts and personal subjects, again eschewing big budgeted Hollywood studio epics, though in this year, three of the Best Picture-nominated films were at least partially bankrolled by a major studio. Three of the five films were released by specialty divisions, while director Clint Eastwood's Letters From Iwo Jima was able to be made by a studio, using his reputation to get financing for its narrowly-appealing content. It was one of the most diverse and international rosters of nominees and winners in recent Academy history. The five films that were nominated for Best Picture had a total of only 26 nominations -- the fewest since 1932/1933 (when 10 films were nominated for the top prize but there were fewer awards categories). No single film received nominations in more than six categories. And the Oscar wins were spread out over numerous films - many received either one or two awards. As with last year, there was a perceived backlash against flashy, "popcorn" Best Picture nominees and winners. Mega-budget, special effects-heavy box-office blockbusters that received minimal nominations included: Gore Verbinski's Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (4 technical nominations, with a sole Oscar win for Best Visual Effects), one of the fastest grossing films in history, reaching $100M and $200M box office dollars in record time, and grossing over $1B worldwide, as the second part of a planned trilogy Brett Ratner's X-Men: The Last Stand (no nominations), the third film in the series, grossing box-office of about $460 worldwide Ron Howard's The Da Vinci Code (no nominations), which grossed over $750M worldwide despite savage reviews Superman Returns (one nomination for Best Visual Effects), the fifth in the series, directed by former X-Men director Bryan Singer and a total worldwide box-office of almost $400M Martin Campbell's Casino Royale (no nominations), the exciting 007 "reboot" starring Daniel Craig as the new James Bond, which grossed about $550M worldwide J.J. Abrams' Mission Impossible III (no nominations), starring and
Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Amongst the Aborigines of Australia of the Arrernte language groups, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems. In the case of the 'San' bush-men of the Kalahari, it is the praying mantis which holds much cultural significance including creation and zen-like patience in waiting.:9
Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001. The team's stadium is the Mestalla; its city rival Levante UD also plays in the highest division after gaining promotion in 2010, their stadium is Estadi Ciutat de València. From the year 2011 there has been a third team in the city, Huracán Valencia, who play their games in Municipal de Manises, in the Segunda División B.
By Fred E. Foldvary, The Progress Report \| Ah, Ã§a ira!: Lyrics by LadrÃ©, music by BÃ©court, Chansons historiques de France, YouTube \| Edith Piaf, YouTube. July 14 is celebrated as Bastille Day in France. The Bastille was a prison in Paris that the people stormed and seized in 1789, starting the French Revolution that
Kimberly Elise Trammel -LRB- born April 17 , 1967 -RRB- , professionally known as Kimberly Elise , is an American film and television actress . She made her feature film debut in Set It Off -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , and later received critical acclaim for her performance in Beloved -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . During her career , Elise has appeared in films such as John Q. -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , The Manchurian Candidate -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Diary of a Mad Black Woman -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Great Debaters -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , For Colored Girls -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and Dope -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . She received a nomination for Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead for her performance in the 2004 drama film , Woman Thou Art Loosed , and played the leading roles in a number of made for television movies . Elise also starred in the CBS crime drama series , Close to Home -LRB- 2005 -- 07 -RRB- , and in 2013 began starring in the VH1 comedy-drama series , Hit the Floor .
The 2011 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 was an Australian touring car motor race for V8 Supercars. The race was on Sunday, 9 October 2011 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia and was Race 20 of the 2011 International V8 Supercars Championship. It was the fifteenth running of the Australian 1000 race, first held after the organisational split over the Bathurst 1000 that occurred in 1997. It was also the 55th race for which the lineage can be traced back to the 1960 Armstrong 500 held at Phillip Island.
How much does it cost to build a townhouse property? How much does it cost to build a townhouse property? There are many variables in such a question. For one thing, townhouses can be independent single-story structures in a housing project, or they can be buildings containing one or more two-story homes. For the purpose of this discussion we will look at a standard townhouse structure containing two single-family dwellings of two stories each, and which share a common wall. According to real estate statistics, the size of the average single townhouse as described above is 2200 square feet which assumes a "footprint" of approximately 30'x35' per home. The building of a townhouse cannot be a "DIY" project and requires an architect, a knowledgeable contractor, a team of subcontractors, and a cooperative owner to get the job done in a suitable period of time. For the building of a townhouse with two units, the typical costs include: With mid-range materials, a normal foundation with full basement, an accessible attic, efficient doors and windows, all appliances, and "turnkey" finishing the project would cost an average of $261,465 per unit, or $522,900 to complete the entire building. This does not include acquisition of the building lot however. The above figures place this construction at a $119 per square foot cost, though national average stands between $85 to $125 for most commercial or multiple unit projects. This pricing structure is built on a fee base that indicates carpenters, masons and excavators charging an average of $70 per hour, electricians between $65 to $85 per hour, painters between $20 and $35 per hour and plumbers between $45 and $65 per hour. This sort of building, however, could not necessarily come in at a simple cost of $85 per square foot due simply to the excessive amount of construction required on the interior spaces. The materials for a two-story unit of wooden construction, with two townhouses, would cost $258,500, labor would cost roughly $251,400, machine costs would stand at roughly $13,100 and the contractor would take in over $74,000 for the project. This excludes land acquisition and site improvements like parking, gardens and play areas. Cost breakdown What is included: The basic structure of this project would be best if left in an uncomplicated "four square" design. Most developers rely on both an architect and a contractor, and the architect will require an additional fee of approximately 10 - 17% of the total building budget;An architect will: Determine the scope of the project and establish a preliminary budget;Draft list of proposed work, budget, and outline of plans;Create the schematic design and draft floor plans with elevation drawings. Then work with any structural engineers and meet with planning agencies to verify any requirements;Finalize drawings and incorporate all details about materials and finishes, any fixtures or equipment, and all systems in the structure;Serve as the manager and review the plans with any required local agencies while also obtaining necessary permits;Serve in an advisory capacity to select a contractor and help the client through the bid review process as well;Administer the construction, ensure that contractor's requests for payments are accurate and that all "final" details are corrected or finished by the contractor; and Based on figures given the architect on this project would receive from $52,200 to $88,900 for their services. A contractor will: Provide the services and materials required for the entire job;Hire subcontractors according to need;Suggest plans and ideas to owner to help them meet goals;Deliver final cleanup of entire home;Pull all permits for work and utility installation; and For doing all of the day to day management of the project the average contractor earns around $85 per square foot. They might also "mark up" supplies and services as well. For example, on the average townhouse construction described here the contractor might account for roughly $66,600 in markup and indirect fees. A general townhouse construction project will cover: Bath fixtures Built In Appliances Cabinets Carpeting Countertops Doors Excavation Exterior Finish Exterior Trim Final Cleanup Finish Carpentry Finish Hardware Flooring Foundation, Piers, Flatwork Heating and Cooling Systems Insulation Insurance Interior Wall Finish Lighting Fixtures Painting Permits Utilities Plans Specs Plumbing Fixtures Plumbing Rough-in and Connection Roofing, Flashing 1, Fascia Rough Carpentry Rough Hardware Unit Heating and Cooling Windows Wiringand more
In 1943, at the age of 16, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. In February 1945, she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as an honorary second subaltern with the service number of 230873. She trained as a driver and mechanic and was promoted to honorary junior commander five months later.
Definition and Examples of Names in English The plumed war-bonnet of Medicine Hat, Tucson and Deadwood and Lost Mule Flat. . . ." (Stephen Vincent Benét, "American Names," 1927) Common Words and Proper Names "There is no sharp dividing line between common words and proper names. They feed off each other. Many medieval surnames began as common nouns , especially those associated with occupations: Archer, Baker, Barber, Brewer, Butcher, Carpenter, Cook, Farmer, Fisher, Goldsmith, Mason, Miller, Parson, Shepherd, Smith, Taylor, Thatcher, Weaver Some are less obvious today. Trinder? A wheelmaker. Fletcher? An arrow-maker. Lorimer? A spur-maker. . . . "Everyday words can be turned into a place name as circumstances require. The exploration routes of the world are full of such names as Cape Catastrophe, Skull Creek, and Mount Pleasant, plus hopeful names like Concord, Fame, and Niceville. The same trend affects streets, parks, promenades, quaysides, markets, and all the other places where we live." (David Crystal, Words, Words, Words. Oxford University Press, 2006) Name Magic "The mythical view of language which everywhere precedes the philosophical view of it is always characterized by this indifference of word and thing. Here the essence of everything is contained in its name. Magical powers attach directly to the word. He who gains possession of the name and knows how to make use of it, has gained power over the object itself; he has made it his own with all its energies. All word magic and name magic is based on the assumption that the world of things and the world of names form a single undifferentiated chain of causality and hence a single reality." (Ernst Cassirer, The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms: Language. Yale University Press, 1953) Naming Things in Britain "People do like to name things. I don't mean just public transport objects, such as locomotives, ships, and planes, or the names given to commercial objects by their manufacturers. I mean personal, private names for everyday objects, such as fridges, lawnmowers, and wheelbarrows . . .. Back in the 1980s, in a programme for the English Now series I presented on Radio 4, I asked listeners to send in examples of objects they had named. I was expecting a few dozen letters. I got hundreds. "A man wrote to say his wheelbarrow was called Wilberforce. A woman said her hoover [vacuum cleaner] was known as J. Edgar. At least two garden sheds were called Tardis. There was in the kingdom a waste-disposal unit called Wally, a teapot called Herbie, an ashtray called Cedric, and a butter knife called Marlon. Maybe there still is. . . . "The principle is evidently that, if you have an object which is of particular functional or emotional significance to you, you give it a name. Often it's a name known only to members of your family. It's part of the 'house dialect ' --or ' familect '--which every family has." (David Crystal, By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English. Overlook Press, 2008) Repetition of First Names "The effect was a little like that produced by people who in conversation constantly use the first name of the person they are speaking: you can go years without noticing this but once you do it is hard not to become distracted by it--hard, in fact, not to feel that it is specifically intended to drive you mad." (John Lanchester, Capital. W.W. Norton, 2012) Name Taboos " Taboos on using personal names are reported in a wide variety of cultures. The details vary from language to language, but it is common for people to be reluctant to reveal their own real names. In many small-scale societies names are not much used. Instead, people are often addressed or referred to by kin terms such as 'son' or 'father's sister.' In some societies people have two names, a 'real' name, which they keep secret, and an extra name or nickname which is disclosed to outsiders. In other societies people will turn to a third party to announce their name when someone asks, because there is a taboo on uttering one's own name (Frazer 1911b: 244-6)." (Barry J. Blake, Secret L
First Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the First Battle of Manassas[1] (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 25 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.
2017 French Open – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal won his 10th French Open title and 15th Grand Slam singles title, defeating Stan Wawrinka in the final, 6–2, 6–3, 6–1.[1] Nadal is the only male player to ever win 10 singles titles at the same Grand Slam event. Nadal won this event without losing a set for the third time, thereby tying with Björn Borg for this Grand Slam record.[2]
In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the necessary funding.
MYR - Malaysian Ringgit rates, news, and tools MYR - Malaysian Ringgit Malaysia, Ringgit The Malaysian Ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Malaysia Ringgit exchange rate is the MYR to USD rate . The currency code for Ringgits is MYR, and the currency symbol is RM. Below, you'll find Malaysian Ringgit rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take MYR rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.
Convergent Boundaries. Converge is a large word that scientists use to describe two objects that come together. In the case of plate tectonics, the two objects coming together are large plate-like pieces of the Earthâs crust. As these two plates push against each other, one is ultimately forced down beneath the other.
The Lord of the Rings (film series) The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.
AT&T is currently the largest provider of fixed and mobile telephone services in the US. The company current serves over 100 million mobile customers. Tagged as: att corporate, att corporate address, att corporate office, att corporate office phone number, att headquarters, att main office. { 582 commentsâ¦ read them below or add one }. Wow, thatâs what I was exploring for, what a information! present here at this weblog, thanks admin of this website.
Start Slideshow During this time of year, many of us are thinking about the goals we want to achieve or the habits we want to start or stop. However, change is hard, and it can be a discouraging effort, particularly when we don’t get the results we want. However, the mere act of trying is a massive step forward. After all, change is an ongoing process, not a light switch. So for all of you out there who want to make change in your lives, here are inspirational quotes about change from 17 incredible historic figures that will help keep you fired up. Related: 20 Quotes on Coping With Change From Successful Entrepreneurs and Leaders
Notes inégales Handel also seemed to use and understand "notes inégales" in many of his works. However, like often in the French literature, there are also inconsistencies which have never been fully explained where dots start and then stop for no clear reason, but as Newman has observed, mostly this happens towards the approach to cadences. But in general, in many of his suites, and even his orchestral music, the application of "notes inégales" finds a solid home in Handel. Most obvious are in some of the Ouvertures, but there are many movements where a subtle "notes inégales" works well, such as in the Sarabande of the E Minor suite (from the set of Eight Great Suites; his earliest compilation); and numerous Menuets throughout his keyboard and even some of his orchestral works. Even in his orchestral music, and vocal music, Handel can have some very "French" moments – some of the menuets in particular, keyboard as well as orchestral, can work well with a subtle "notes inégales", despite Handel's very intercontinental lineage. Whether in Germany or England, he was clearly a master at the French "notes inégales" as well as the Ouverture style. He was strongly influenced by Georg Muffat's nephew, who will be discussed below, and perhaps that is a part of Handel's reception of the French Style of playing. And occasionally one finds movements that don't seem necessarily "French", as over the years, Handel did develop a very strong "English" style that was unique to him, but nonetheless, sound very much more "revealed" when subjected to "notes inégales" aka inequality procedure.
Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the Augustan regime, and some scholars see strong associations between Augustus and Aeneas, the one as founder and the other as re-founder of Rome. A strong teleology, or drive towards a climax, has been detected in the poem. The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome, the deeds of Augustus, his ancestors, and famous Romans, and the Carthaginian Wars; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII in 31 BC. A further focus of study is the character of Aeneas. As the protagonist of the poem, Aeneas seems to waver constantly between his emotions and commitment to his prophetic duty to found Rome; critics note the breakdown of Aeneas' emotional control in the last sections of the poem where the "pious" and "righteous" Aeneas mercilessly slaughters Turnus.
Never Let Me Down Again Studio impresario Alan Wilder and the other members of the band considered the track an "obvious single" with much potential. They developed it throughout so that dramatic-type elements such as the Led Zeppelin-influenced drum patterns and Martin Gore's distinctive guitar riffs sound in the forefront.[3] The lyrics of the song, starting with the strident vocals of "I'm taking a ride with my best friend", are generally regarded as reflecting drug use,[4][3] with the track being labeled by NME music journalist Jane Solanas as a "masterpiece" that well conveys the feeling of "drug euphoria".[3]
according to the fda 400 mg per day of caffeine that s about four cups of coffee is a safe amount of caffeine for healthy adults but too much caffeine 500 to 600 mg can be dangerous causing restlessness tremors irritability insomnia and stomach upsettarbucks caffeine is 20 mg ounce in coffee and 75 mg ounce in espresso so 4 cups of coffee gets you over that dreaded 600 mg limit people say espresso is stronger and sure per ounce it is
Han Myeong-sook (born March 24, 1944; Korean: 한명숙 ] ) was the Prime Minister of South Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. She is South Korea's first female prime minister (second female prime minister overall if the acting premiership of Chang Sang is included). She was from the United New Democratic Party (UNDP) as a member of the Korean National Assembly (representative) for Ilsan-gab, and is a graduate of Ewha Womans University in Seoul with a degree in French literature. She resigned as Prime Minister on March 7, 2007 and declared her presidential candidacy. But she did not succeed in the nominations. In 2008 she ran for parliament, but was not elected. However, in January 2012 she was elected leader of the main oppositional Democratic United Party (DUP) before the April legislative elections and became a member of parliament. But the liberals did not manage to defeat the ruling Saenuri Party and Han stepped down as party leader in April 2012. In August 2015, Han was convicted of receiving illegal donations at the amount of 900 million KRW, and sentence to two years in prison. She is ineligible to run for public office for ten years after her prison term. She became the first former prime minister of the Republic of Korea to serve a prison time.
United States House of Representatives The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. The Speaker and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members. The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol.
Put your hair out of the way with hair clips or a headband. Apply a layer of the base color, which is usually white or a skin tone. Start with a dab of color and work outward. Use your fingers to spread the makeup evenly. Don't forget to apply makeup under the chin area and to cover your eyebrows and lips.
QOTW: Superhero alter ego? - Detroit Lions Blog- ESPN QOTW: Superhero alter ego? 8dMichael Rothstein QOTW: Superhero alter ego? The lifestyle of Robert Downey Jr.'s Tony Stark is greatly admired in the Lions' locker room. AP Photo/Marvel Previously covered University of Michigan for ESPN.com and AnnArbor.com Also covered Notre Dame for Fort Wayne Journal Gazette comment Question of the Week is a new feature where we ask different Lions the same question on various topics -- some funny, some issue-based, some football-related and some completely off the wall. To suggest a potential question for QOTW, email michaelrothsteinespn@gmail.com or make the suggestion on Twitter @mikerothstein . Previous QOTW: Nicknamed jerseys? ALLEN PARK, Mich. -- For a while, it looked like this would be a unanimous choice. Then, as you'll see below, punter Sam Martin made a convincing argument to tight end Joseph Fauria as to why you wouldn't want to be Bruce Wayne. This week's Question of the Week looked not at the all-too-common what superhero would you be, but rather what superhero alter ego would you prefer to take over if you had the choice. So instead of Batman, you'd be Bruce Wayne. Or instead of Superman, you'd be intrepid reporter Clark Kent (surprisingly, no one wanted to be a news reporter). But we'll start this week's version with the conversation between Martin, Fauria and a reporter about this topic -- If you could be a superhero alter ego, who would you be and why? Lions punter Sam Martin: I think I know who I'm going to go with. I'm going to go with Tony Stark. Lions tight end Joseph Fauria chiming in from a locker over: Ooh, that's a good one. But he's not an alter ego, he's still Tony Stark. Martin: Well now he is. Can I go with that still? Reporter: Yeah. Fauria: Technicality. Martin: Well, a couple reasons. One, he's a bajillionaire. For two, I think Iron Man is, by far, the most badass superhero. I think Iron Man would whoop Batman's ass. I love Batman, trust me. Fauria: Dude, I think you're probably right. The alter ego, though? Martin: Bruce is cool, but he's kind of messed up, dude. Like he has flashbacks about the cave (and stuff). Fauria: His parents died. Martin: Yeah, his parents are dead. So that's ... Fauria: Well, Tony's parents are dead, too. But they didn't die in front of his eyes. Martin: Yeah, but he's just living through his dad. Batman, he's like 'This sucks. My life is over.' Fauria: Well, do you like Tony Stark or Tony Stark as Robert Downey Jr.? Martin: Both. I'd pick Tony first, Robert second. I'd say, because he obviously lives the life, he's a bajillionaire. And he's a genius. Outside of his Iron Man-ness, he's very smart. Reporter: So, Joe, who would you be? Fauria: (sheepishly) Tony Stark. Tony Stark. Reporter: He change your mind? Martin: It's a convincing argument. Fauria: Yeah. Reporter: But remember, alter ego -- the superhero thing is obviously different. Fauria: I don't want to take pictures like (Peter Parker). I don't want to report news, sorry, like Clark Kent. And now, on to the opinions of other Lions... RB REGGIE BUSH: Alter ego. Oh, Bruce Wayne, of course. Bruce Wayne had it all. He was a young, rich, good-looking guy. He gets the girls. Of course you want to be Bruce Wayne. Everybody wants to be Bruce Wayne. He was the man, but even when he wasn't the man, like Batman, he was still the man outside his alter ego. He still had all the nice cars, lived in a mansion, had a butler. LB ROCKY McINTOSH: Batman. He's just mysterious. He has a little secretive side to him and I think that's me. When I get on the field I unleash another side of me that nobody else really sees. Batman alter ego Bruce Wayne's mysterious demeanor, cool gadgets and way with the ladies makes him a popular alter ego choice. AP Photo/Warner Bros. Pictures, Ron Phillips Reporter: So you are Bruce Wayne now and Batman on Sundays? McINTOSH: Oh yeah. Oh yeah. I know, I got a concussion way back when and I came to the sidelines and the doctors asked me, 'Hey, who are you?' 'Batman.' True statement. RG LARRY WARFORD: I'd b
1 The Pueblos Indians lived in multi-story houses made out of adobe (baked bricks composed of clay and straw) and stone. 2 A pueblo often contained numerous units and would often be home to an entire extended clan. 3 Ladders were used to reach the upper apartments of a pueblo complex.
Boeing Everett Factory The Boeing Everett Factory, in Everett, Washington, is an airplane assembly building owned by Boeing. Located on the northeast corner of Paine Field, it is the largest building in the world by volume at 13,385,378 m3 (472,370,319 cu ft) and covers 399,480 m2 (98.7 acres). This is the factory where the wide-body Boeing 747, 767, 777, and 787 are assembled.
2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series was played between October 24 and November 1. It was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV.[2][3]
The 1985 United Nations Security Council election was held on 17 October 1985 during the Fortieth session of the United Nations General Assembly , held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City . The General Assembly elected Bulgaria , Congo , Ghana , the United Arab Emirates , and Venezuela , as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1986 .
Pym is the third novel by American author Mat Johnson , published on March 1 , 2011 . A satirical fantasy inspired by The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket , Edgar Allan Poe 's only novel , the book explores racial politics and identity in America , and Antarctica . The novel was written over a period of nine years and has been well received by critics , who have praised its lighthearted and humorous style of social criticism .
Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel. His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies. The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902). Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski published between 1937 and 1966 and the more recent Polish "National Edition", edited by Jan Ekier, both of which contain detailed explanations and discussions regarding choices and sources.
Alaska The United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for 7.2Â million U.S. dollars at approximately two cents per acre ($4.74/km2). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.[6]
Quiz for Sunday 12th June - Shelled Warriors Forums Quiz for Sunday 12th June User Name Posts: 1,403 Quiz for Sunday 12th June Nothing too fancy this week - has been a bit chaotic and stressful so had to cheat a little. Good luck 1.What is the common name of the cooking ingredient from the hard fat of kidneys and loins of oxen, famously sold under the Atora brand? lard 2.In the TV series Thunderbirds, what colour/colour are Brains' spectacle rims: Black; Brown; Blue; or Green? Blue 3.In six-dot Braille (English language), what letter and number are represented by a single dot, top left?A and 1 4.What did Frenchman Dr Pierre Dukan devise which bears his name, and after achieving great popularity in France, began to spread internationally in the early 2000s?Diet 5.What motor company's badge contains a red cross and a green snake?Alfa Romeo 6.What popular sci-fi creations were described by Dr Who's executive producer in 2011 as "...the most reliably defeatable enemies in the universe..." ? Dalek 7.The terms biconvex, biconcave, positive meniscus, negative meniscus, and plano-convex refer to types of what? Lenses 8.Sesame seeds are a very good dietary source of what elemental mineral: Magnesium; Iron; Zinc; or Mercury? Magnesium 9.In what video game brand does the Lara Croft character most famously feature? Tomb Raider 10.According to Unicef (at 2011) what percentage of Afghan women die in pregnancy or childbirth: 1%; 3%; 5% or 12ï¿½%? 12.5% 11.Name the shipping line which owned the Titanic? (Bonus points: Name the Titanic shipbuilders? And in which city was the Titanic built?) White Star Line, Harkand and Wolff, Blefast 12.A Gay Girl in Damascus is the title of the blog by feminist/freedom campaigner Amina Abdallah Alaf al Omari, who in June 2011 was based and abducted in which country?Syria 13.Who, age 30, wrote the historically significant anti-semetic diatribe known as 'the Gemlich letter' on 16 Sep 1919? Hitler 14.Which UK city hosts the Summer Sundae music festival? Leicester 15.What island is noted for its biodiversity and 80% unique wildlife due to more than 80 million years' isolation from continental land mass? Madagascar 16.Violeta Chamorro, Michelle Bachelet, Laura Chinchilla, and Dilma Rousseff share what achievement? Olympic record-holders; National leadership; Best-selling authors; Film noir stardom; or Diana Ross's Supremes? National Leadership 17.What convicted fraudster's underpants were auctioned in 2011 for $200, with other belongings, to compensate victims of his $65m Ponzi scheme swindle? Bernard Madoff 18.Name the two biggest producers of cars globally in 2010, and for several years prior? GM and Toyota 19.A blue circle with a white centre was introduced in 2006 as the international symbol for what human metabolic disease? Diabetes 20.What woman's name was given to the horrendously abusive laundry asylums for 'fallen women' run by the Catholic Church, starting in 18th century Ireland, spreading to other countries and persisting well into the 1900s? Magdalene 21.On a standard piano what normally is the lowest note? A 22.Who is Britain's longest serving consort? Prince Phillip 23.What multinational high street vendor's logo was developed from an old Norse woodcut of a twin-tailed siren or mermaid with flowing hair and crown? Starbucks 24.What letter was added to Wii by Nintendo in 2011 when naming its next generation gaming console? U 25.What is Julia Donaldson's hugely successful character and book, based on a Chinese folk tale of a fox that borrows the terror of a tiger? The Gruffalo 26.What modern system of a very old messaging method entails red and yellow ('Oscar') at sea, and white and blue ('Papa') on land? Semaphore 27.What word, from Sanskrit for 'sacred knowledge', refers to early Indian scripture, and specifically the four collections known as Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva, forming the basic teachings of Hinduism? Veda 28.What childplay and teaching-aid modelling product did William Harbutt devise and produce in 1900, in an old flour mill near Bath, UK? Plasticene 29.French for an additive, and
Rookie cops in the NYPD receive a base salary of $41,975 per year. Total compensation, comprised of base pay and payments covering uniform costs and other considerations, amounts to $44,744. Wages increase at regular intervals during a rookie's first five-and-a-half years on the job.ase salaries increase on an annual basis by $3,000 to $5,000 over the next few years. Halfway through a cop's sixth year on the job, his base salary jumps from $56,609 to $76,488 per year. The total compensation package of a cop with five-and-a-half years experience amounts to $90,829.
In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted.
Darrell Hammond On September 19, 2014, Hammond was announced as the new announcer of SNL, replacing Don Pardo, who had died the month before.[3] In May 2015, he began portraying Colonel Sanders in television commercials for Kentucky Fried Chicken, although he was replaced by Norm Macdonald, also a former SNL cast member, just three months later.[4]
Prehab is an American band that formed in 1992 in Tempe , Arizona , United States . During the period of the 1990s the band was known as the Bedspins and were a popular fixture on the Tempe music scene . Tempe was referred to as `` The Next Seattle '' by the music industry during this time.The band played along Tempe Arizona 's Mill Avenue for many years and also played shows in New Mexico as well as Texas and Oklahoma . During this time the band opened shows for bands such as Blood Hound Gang and Def Leppard . The Bedspins began working with producer Andy Barrett who had worked with Gin Blossoms and Stevie Nicks on an album of original material . The band played an average of 200 shows a year between 1993 and 1996 . During this time the Bedspins were approached by Virgin Records and Island Records . Nothing materialized with either label and the band disbanded in 1997 . The death of a mutual friend brought all four members together at a funeral service in 2007 . The four band mates Chris Kay , Jason Kay , Chris Cantu and Jeff Bourne decided to reunite . This new band was called Prehab . The band had planned to record some of Chris Kay 's new songs in the hopes of getting a publishing deal . The demos were eventually re-recorded at Tall Cat Studios and released as One Is Too Many -LRB- A Thousand Is Never Enough -RRB- in 2009 . The band played several shows in Arizona to promote the new music . In 2011 , the band began recording at Ardent Studios with producer John Hampton . I Have n't Been Completely Honest was released in 2012 . Drummer Jeff Bourne left Prehab in 2013 . The band then added Phillip Rhodes -LRB- Gin Blossoms -RRB- . Prehab began writing songs with Rhodes and playing shows in Arizona . In 2014 band went to Sonic Ranch in El Paso with producer Owen Morris . Prehab released Light Up The Sky in 2015 . The album was added to Pandora Radio and played on college radio . Artist Links Artist Website : http://www.prehabmusic.com Prehab Music : https://prehab.bandcamp.com/ Articles http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/right-hear-right-now-5-songs-by-phoenix-artists-you-should-hear-7286953 http://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/04/01/phoenix-tempe-local-music-picks-april/70753554/ http://www.phoenixmag.com/music/cd-review-prehab-light-up-the-sky.html http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/the-25-best-albums-made-by-phoenix-bands-in-2015-part-one-7911138 http://indiebandguru.com/prehab-1990s-alternative-rock-is-back-with-a-vengence/ https://www.cmj.com/prehab-not-coming-home/ http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/prehab-back-from-tent-city-return-with-first-friday-show-6609236 http://www.steveclayton.com/blog/m-r/prehab/ Category : Musical groups from Tempe , Arizona Category : Musical groups established in 1992
However, the total global temperature increase from the 1850s through to 2005 is 0.76Â°C (1.36Â°F) and the rate of warming averaged over the last 50 years is nearly twice that for the last 100 years.So donât be lulled by one year where it is relatively cooler, what we need to look at is decadal or long term trends.owever, the total global temperature increase from the 1850s through to 2005 is 0.76Â°C (1.36Â°F) and the rate of warming averaged over the last 50 years is nearly twice that for the last 100 years. So donât be lulled by one year where it is relatively cooler, what we need to look at is decadal or long term trends.
New Haven has a long tradition of urban planning and a purposeful design for the city's layout. The city could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in the country. Upon founding, New Haven was laid out in a grid plan of nine square blocks; the central square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns, as the city green (a commons area). The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America. As in other cities, many of the elms that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the mid-20th century due to Dutch Elm disease, although many have since been replanted. The New Haven Green is currently home to three separate historic churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the city. The Green remains the social center of the city today. It was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

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