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LCCC History \| Lancashire County Cricket Club Lancashire County Cricket Club History of the Club History of the Club Lancashire County Cricket Club represents the historic county of Lancashire in cricket’s County Championship. Founded in 1864 as a successor to Manchester Cricket Club, Lancashire have played at Old Trafford since then and, in 1865, played their inaugural first-class match, beating Middlesex at Old Trafford. Johnny Briggs, whose career lasted from 1879 to 1900, was the first player to score 10,000 runs and take 1,000 wickets for Lancashire, a period where the county was recognised as the champion county four times between 1879 and 1889. When the County Championship was officially founded in December 1889, Lancashire was one of eight clubs to feature in the competition’s first season in 1890 and went on to win two County Championship titles in 1897 and 1904. In 1895 Archie MacLaren scored 424 in an innings for Lancashire, which remains the highest score by an Englishman in first-class cricket. Ernest Tyldesley is the club’s leading run-scorer with 34,222 runs in 573 matches for Lancashire between 1909 and 1936. while legendary England fast bowler Brian Statham took 1,816 wickets in 430 first-class matches between 1950 and 1968 which remains a club record unlikely to be bettered. Between 1926 and 1934, Lancashire won the County Championship five times – including a hat-trick between 1926-28 – but would not claim the title again until 1950, when it was shared with Surrey. Lancashire next won the County Championship in a dramatic finale to the 2011 season, their first outright title success for 77 years. Lancashire are the most successful one-day team in English cricket, founded on the side of the late 1960s and early 1970s that won the Sunday League in 1969 and 1970 and the Gillette Cup four times between 1970 and 1975. They won the Benson and Hedges Cup in 1984, before the ‘Team of the Ninties’ enjoyed a golden decade. Lancashire became the first team to do the ‘double’ of Lord’s cup final wins when they won both the B&H Cup and NatWest Trophy Finals in 1990, a feat they repeated in 1996. Another B&H Cup success in 1995 and NatWest Trophy win in 1998, along with three Sunday League in 1989, 1998 and 1999 put the seal on a golden era. The County Championship was restructured in 2000 with Lancashire in the first division. They were relegated in 2004 but promoted again in 2005. In 2011, Lancashire won the County Championship but since have ‘yo-yo’d’ between the two divisions; relegated in 2012, promoted as Division 2 Champions in 2013, but then relegated again in 2014. The 2015 season marked a successful year for Lancashire who returned to the first division of the County Championship whilst reigning supreme in the NatWest T20 Blast competition, beating Northamtonshire Steelback in a thrilling final at Edgbaston.
Bobby Tarantino is the sixth mixtape by American rapper Logic . It was released on July 1 , 2016 , by Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings . It was released to various digital platforms without prior announcement . Bobby Tarantino serves as Logic 's first mixtape since Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The mixtape and its production was handled primarily by Logic and 6ix , with the duo focusing on a similar style to that of their previous independent projects , working on reinstating previous elements considered missing from Logic 's commercial releases . The mixtape was preceded by the release of `` Flexicution '' and `` Wrist '' , each released ten days apart from one another from the mixtape . Bobby Tarantino received generally positive reviews from critics , with particular attention being drawn to its production and varied nature , as well as Logic 's newly found braggadocio . Criticism was directed at basic lyricism and a lack of depth that was associated with Logic 's preceding releases . It was labeled the `` perfect fill in for his junior album '' .
Olympics 2012 torch route: Olympic legend Daley Thompson carries the torch in front of thousands of fans \| Daily Mail Online comments Daley Thompson beamed as he lit the Olympic cauldron tonight as the final torchbearer of the day at Alexandra Palace. But perhaps his wide smile was because he was envisaging lighting it again two days later at the London 2012 opening ceremony as one of the British greats in the frame for the honour. The double-gold winning decathlete is currently locked in a war of words with Sir Steve Redgrave about who deserves the role. Daley Thompson implied that rowing was much easier than his own specialism of track and field, adding that Sir Steve was ‘not in the same class’ as his friend Sebastian Coe. Scroll down for video Proud: Daley Thompson beamed as he lit the Olympic couldron tonight as the final torchbearer of the day at Alexandra Palace Day 68: Daley Thompson was the 8,000th person to carry the Olympic flame since his fellow gold medallist Ben Ainslie began the relay at Land's End, on 19 May Battle: The double-gold winning decathlete is currently locked in a war of words with Sir Steve Redgrave about who deserves the honour of lighting the Olympic cauldron It was a return to the past for Thompson who used to train near to Alexandra Palace, with his friend, London 2012 chairman and former runner Seb Coe, at Haringey Athletic Club in the 1980s. Thompson was the first person ever to hold the world, Olympic, Commonwealth and European decathlon titles at the same time, as well as the world record. It emerged that Lord Coe has been pushing for his long-time friend Thompson to do the honours on July 27, over the bookies’ favourite Sir Steve. When asked about any rivalry between Lord Coe and Sir Steve, Thompson said: ‘Why would there be rivalry? In my opinion Sebastian Coe is the second greatest Olympian, after myself. ‘Steve Redgrave is not in the same class as Seb Coe. He is a rower, but I think track and field is the toughest sport in the Olympics, which means the rewards are greater. Gordon Banks, the legendary goalkeeper who helped England to their 1966 World Cup triumph, with the Olympic flame outside Wembley Stadium this morning There were clear blue skies overhead as Banks set off on his leg of the torch relay outside Wembley Stadium, cheered on by hundreds of volunteers and well-wishers Banks, 74, looked delighted to take his turn carrying the Olympic flame as it passed Wembley Stadium, one of the football venues in the Games In an article in the Evening Standard newspaper two weeks ago, Sir Steve wrote: ‘Obviously, Daley was a great athlete. Some people, Seb Coe included, think he’s the best athlete ever. 'My personal view is that he doesn’t make the top five of great British Olympians.' Thompson was the 8,000th person to carry the Olympic flame since his fellow gold medallist Ben Ainslie began the relay at Land's End, on 19 May. Earlier in the day the Olympic torch was in safe hands as it was carried by England goalkeeping legend Gordon Banks at the scene of his greatest triumph. Banks, 74, was cheered by huge crowds as he ran with the flame outside Wembley Stadium, scene of England's 1966 World Cup victory, on the 68th day of the torch relay. Harry Potter star Rupert Grint and former decathlete champion Daley Thompson are among 152 other torchbearers today as the flame makes it way across north London from Harrow to Harringey. The flame got the royal seal of approval when it was greeted by Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall in Tottenham. Starting its day at Headstone Manor, a moated country house in Harrow which used to be the home of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the torch arrived at Wembley Arena shortly after 11.30am. There it was carried by recently-retired badminton champion and Olympic silver medallist Nathan Robertson, 35, one of the most decorated mixed doubles player in the history of English badminton. From Wembley Arena the torch was carried to one of the world’s most iconic football venues, Wembley Stadium, where Gordon Banks grasped it
Spanish colonization of the Americas Columbus made four voyages to the West Indies as the monarchs granted Columbus the governorship of the new territories, and financed more of his trans-Atlantic journeys. He founded La Navidad on the island later named Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic), in what is the present-day Haiti on his first voyage. After its destruction by the indigenous Taino people, the town of Isabella was begun in 1493, on his second voyage. In 1496 his brother, Bartholomew, founded Santo Domingo. By 1500, despite a high death rate, there were between 300 and 1000 Spanish settled in the area. The local Taíno people continued to resist, refusing to plant crops and abandoning their Spanish-occupied villages. The first mainland explorations were followed by a phase of inland expeditions and conquest. In 1500 the city of Nueva Cádiz was founded on the island of Cubagua, Venezuela, followed by the founding of Santa Cruz by Alonso de Ojeda in present-day Guajira peninsula. Cumaná in Venezuela was the first permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the mainland Americas,[2] in 1501 by Franciscan friars, but due to successful attacks by the indigenous people, it had to be refounded several times, until Diego Hernández de Serpa's foundation in 1569. The Spanish founded San Sebastian de Uraba in 1509 but abandoned it within the year. There is indirect evidence that the first permanent Spanish mainland settlement established in the Americas was Santa María la Antigua del Darién.[3]
What Are Minerals? - Types, Properties & Examples {"error":true,"iframe":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 198K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Common Minerals & Their Uses Mineral Consumption: How Developed and Developing Nations Consume Minerals Differently Finding and Assessing Mineral Resources Rocks and Minerals: Definitions and Differences Lesson Transcript Instructor: Sarah Friedl Sarah has two Master's, one in Zoology and one in GIS, a Bachelor's in Biology, and has taught college level Physical Science and Biology. In this lesson, you will learn about minerals and their properties. You will also understand the importance and everyday use of different types of minerals found on Earth. What Are Minerals? Can you name some minerals off the top of your head? You likely came up with things like gold, silver and copper. These are all correct, but there are many more minerals on Earth - over 4,000 in fact! To understand what makes a mineral a mineral, we need to understand the basic requirements that categorize them, as well as their properties. What Makes a Mineral a Mineral? In order for something to be a mineral, it must first meet four criteria: First, all minerals are solid. So, while water may contain minerals, water itself can't be a mineral because it's liquid. Minerals are all naturally formed. This means they can't be manufactured in a lab. Synthetic gems, like cubic zirconia, are therefore not minerals. All minerals have a unique and specific chemical composition. This is like the DNA of the mineral - it's what makes the mineral different from other minerals. Lastly, all minerals have a crystalline structure. Minerals are some of the most beautiful substances on Earth, because they are always arranged in an orderly geometric pattern. Minerals of the same type always have the same geometric arrangement of their atoms. Properties of Minerals Minerals are classified by their chemical composition and crystalline structure. These two features occur on a microscopic level, but we can see them in other ways because they determine a mineral's observable physical properties. In other words, what appears to us on the outside is determined by what's on the inside. The seven physical properties of minerals are: Crystal form Hardness Fracture or cleavage Luster Color Streak Density Let's see how each one helps identify a mineral. Crystal form is the outward expression of the orderly arrangement of atoms inside the mineral. What you are seeing is the actual arrangement and structure of the atoms in that mineral. For example, look at some everyday table salt, which is a combination of sodium and chlorine. Normally, what you see is a salt cube, but if you were to break this cube down into smaller parts, it would simply break into smaller and smaller cubes because that is how the atoms are arranged. Hardness is how resistant a mineral is to scratching, not how easily it breaks. Hardness depends on the bonds within the mineral, so the stronger the bonds, the harder the mineral. Mineral hardness is measured on the Mohs scale of hardness, which compares the hardness of different minerals. Diamond is considered the hardest mineral, so it's a 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness. Talc has a very weak bond between its atoms, and so it's a 1 on the Mohs scale of hardness. If it helps, you can think of the hardness of talc in relation to the hardness of your fingernail, which is about a 2.5. Fracture and cleavage describe how a mineral breaks. Some minerals break very nicely along smooth planes, and this is called cleavage. Minerals that break this way do so because their atoms are arranged so that they break apart from each other along these planes. Mica is an example of a mineral that has cleavage. If a mineral fractures, it breaks in uneven ways that are not flat or parallel. Again, these minerals break like this because that's how their atoms are arranged. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Create your account Register for a free trial Are you a student or a teacher? I am a student I am a teacher
Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method".
Midnight is a 1934 American drama film directed by Chester Erskine and starring Sidney Fox, O.P. Heggie, Henry Hull and Margaret Wycherly. The film was produced for Universal and was shot on a modest budget of $50,000 at Thomas Edison Studios, which producer/director Chester Erskine had re-opened specifically for the shoot.
Extract is a 2009 American comedy film written and directed by Mike Judge , and starring an ensemble cast featuring Jason Bateman , Mila Kunis , Kristen Wiig , and Ben Affleck , with J. K. Simmons , Clifton Collins , Jr. , and Dustin Milligan . Said to be Judge 's companion piece to his cult-classic Office Space , the film received mixed to positive reviews from critics and was a minor commercial success , grossing a little over $ 10 million worldwide from an $ 8 million budget .
The Nebraska Democratic Presidential Caucuses took place on February 9, 2008, where 24 of the state's 31 convention delegates were chosen. Like he did throughout many other states that held caucuses instead of primaries, Barack Obama won the Nebraska Democratic Caucus by more than a two-to-one margin of victory over Hillary Clinton. On May 13, 2008, the state also held a non-binding primary election which Obama also won but the margin of victory was considerably smaller.
Honour thy father and thy mother "Honour thy father and thy mother" is one of the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible. The commandment is generally regarded in Protestant and Jewish sources as the fifth in both the list in Exodus 20:1–21, and in Deuteronomy (Dvarim) 5:1–23. Catholics count this as the fourth.[1]
Heath Ledger Heathcliff Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008)[1] was an Australian actor and director. After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s, Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to develop his film career. His work comprised nineteen films, including 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), The Patriot (2000), A Knight's Tale (2001), Monster's Ball (2001), Lords of Dogtown (2005), Brokeback Mountain (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), the latter two being posthumous releases.[2] He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director.[3]
Got to Get You into My Life "Got to Get You into My Life" is a song by the Beatles, first released in 1966 on the album Revolver. It was written by Paul McCartney, though officially credited to Lennon–McCartney.[3][4] The song is a homage to the Motown Sound, with colourful brass instrumentation,[5] and lyrics that suggest a psychedelic experience.[2] "It's actually an ode to pot," McCartney explained. A cover version by Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers peaked at number six in 1966 in the UK.[6] The song was issued in the United States as a single from the Rock 'n' Roll Music compilation album in 1976, six years after the Beatles disbanded. It reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart,[7] the Beatles' last top ten US hit until their 1995 release "Free as a Bird".
In the history of Europe , the Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century . It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery . The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history : classical antiquity , the medieval period , and the modern period . The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early , High , and Late Middle Ages . Population decline , counterurbanisation , invasion , and movement of peoples , which had begun in Late Antiquity , continued in the Early Middle Ages . The large-scale movements of the Migration Period , including various Germanic peoples , formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire . In the seventh century , North Africa and the Middle East -- once part of the Byzantine Empire -- came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate , an Islamic empire , after conquest by Muhammad 's successors . Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures , the break with classical antiquity was not complete . The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire survived in the east and remained a major power . The empire 's law code , the Corpus Juris Civilis or `` Code of Justinian '' , was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages . In the West , most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions . Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued . The Franks , under the Carolingian dynasty , briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century . It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions -- Vikings from the north , Hungarians from the east , and Saracens from the south . During the High Middle Ages , which began after 1000 , the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase . Manorialism , the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles , and feudalism , the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors , were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages . The Crusades , first preached in 1095 , were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslims . Kings became the heads of centralised nation states , reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant . Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism , a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason , and by the founding of universities . The theology of Thomas Aquinas , the paintings of Giotto , the poetry of Dante and Chaucer , the travels of Marco Polo , and the Gothic architecture of cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period and into the Late Middle Ages . The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine , plague , and war , which significantly diminished the population of Europe ; between 1347 and 1350 , the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans . Controversy , heresy , and the Western Schism within the Catholic Church paralleled the interstate conflict , civil strife , and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms . Cultural and technological developments transformed European society , concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period .
Neon Joe , Werewolf Hunter is an American television series that originally ran as a five episode mini-series on Adult Swim , created by and starring Jon Glaser . The series originally aired consecutively each night between December 7 , 2015 and December 11 , 2015 . Produced by PFFR , the same production company used for Glaser 's other projects Delocated and Jon Glaser Loves Gear . The first season was filmed in and around Palisades , New York . Glaser stated in a November 2015 interview that the series could go beyond just a mini-series if enough interest is generated . Turner issued a press release on May 12 , 2016 confirming that Neon Joe , Werewolf Hunter would be returning for another season . Season 2 premiered on May 22 , 2017 , running a new episode each night until its conclusion on May 26 , 2017 .
Perfect World is first studio album of American singer , Clint Crisher . It was recorded from 1997 to 1999 . Only a limited run was printed , without the backing of a major label . To promote the release of the album Crisher performed an elaborate Halloween show for 1200 people during Millennium at the 9:30 Club in Washington , DC on October 31 , 1998 opening with Big Boy . Perfect World was officially released June 15 , 1999 with a performance on the main stage with the United States Capitol building in the background for the June 13 , 1999 Capital Pride annual LGBT pride festival in Washington , D.C. with over 150,000 attendees . The title track , Perfect World reached # 7 on the TOP 100 MP3 in the United Kingdom . On September 30 , Crisher performed One More Try live at the Stonewall Inn showcase presented by Xtreme Promotions and Music Plant Records during the Billboard Dance Music Summit 2002 .
The Dell Inspiron i5378-7171GRY is a convertible laptop/tablet with a 13.3â³ touch screen. It has 8GB of RAM and a 3.5GHz i7 (7th gen) processor, though it only ships with a 256GB SSD. You might need to pick up an external drive to go with this laptop. Other than that, this might be your engineering dream machine.
Atomic number The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons, N, gives the mass number A of an atom. Since protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass (and the mass of the electrons is negligible for many purposes) and the mass defect of nucleon binding is always small compared to the nucleon mass, the atomic mass of any atom, when expressed in unified atomic mass units (making a quantity called the "relative isotopic mass"), is within 1% of the whole number A.
While withdrawing the resolution, however, I express the conviction that this Parliament would have made its voice heard better if, in anticipation of the Council of Nice, it had devoted a specific and separate resolution to these important and difficult topics of the Intergovernmental Conference, instead of dealing with them in a single resolution that also embraces all the other points on the Council agenda.
New Haven's economy originally was based in manufacturing, but the postwar period brought rapid industrial decline; the entire Northeast was affected, and medium-sized cities with large working-class populations, like New Haven, were hit particularly hard. Simultaneously, the growth and expansion of Yale University further affected the economic shift. Today, over half (56%) of the city's economy is now made up of services, in particular education and health care; Yale is the city's largest employer, followed by Yale – New Haven Hospital. Other large employers include St. Raphael Hospital, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Southern Connecticut State University, Assa Abloy Manufacturing, the Knights of Columbus headquarters, Higher One, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Covidien and United Illuminating. Yale and Yale-New Haven are also among the largest employers in the state, and provide more $100,000+-salaried positions than any other employer in Connecticut.[citation needed]
Clare Potter was a fashion designer who was born in Jersey City, New Jersey in 1903. In the 1930s she was one of the first American fashion designers to be promoted as an individual design talent. Working under her elided name Clarepotter, she has been credited as one of the inventors of American sportswear. Based in Manhattan, she continued designing through the 1940s and 1950s. Her clothes were renowned for being elegant, but easy-to-wear and relaxed, and for their distinctive use of colour. She founded a ready-to-wear fashion company in Manhattan named "Timbertop" in 1948, and in the 1960s she also established a wholesale company to manufacture fashions. Potter was one of the 17 women gathered together by Edna Woolman Chase, editor-in-chief of "Vogue" to form the "Fashion Group International, Inc.", in 1928.
In 1925, a life-or-death race to rescue the children of Nome, AK, from disease made an international hero of one sled dog â and eventually led to the creation of Alaskaâs Iditarod sled dog race, the subject of NATUREâs SLED DOGS: AN ALASKAN EPI C. In 1925, sled dogs helped stem a diphtheria outbreak.
Home Explore Word origins What is the origin of the word 'OK'? What is the origin of the word 'OK'? There have been numerous attempts to explain the emergence of this expression, which seems to have swept into popular use in the US during the mid-19th century. Most of them are pure speculation.
Table of Contents. 1 What is vitamin D? 2 What are the vitamin D requirements? 3 What does vitamin D do for your health? 4 What does vitamin D do for your health? 5 What does vitamin D do for your health? 6 What causes a vitamin D deficiency? 7 What causes a vitamin D deficiency? 8 How is a vitamin D deficiency diagnosed? 9 What is the treatment for a vitamin D ...
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Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin).
Eagle Mountain, California, is a modern-day ghost town in the California desert in Riverside County founded in 1948 by noted industrialist Henry J. Kaiser. The town is located at the entrance of the now-defunct Eagle Mountain iron mine, once owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad, then Kaiser Steel, and located on the southeastern corner of Joshua Tree National Park. The town's fully integrated medical care system, similar to other Kaiser operations in California, was the genesis of the modern-day Kaiser Permanente health maintenance organization. Eagle Mountain is accessible by Riverside County Route R2, twelve miles (19 km) north of Desert Center, midway between Indio and the California/Arizona state line along Interstate 10. The town's relative youth and brief time of abandonment make Eagle Mountain among the country's best preserved ghost towns.
The Piano Sonata in E-flat major D 568 by Franz Schubert is a sonata for solo piano. It is a revision and completion of the Sonata in D-flat major D. 567. The D-flat major version was composed in June 1817, while the E-flat major revision and completion, published in 1829 after Schubert's death as Op. posth. 122, dates from sometime around 1826.
Swedish national road -LRB- Riksväg ; literally : road of the rike/realm -RRB- , are roads with road numbers from 1 through 99 in Sweden . The national roads are usually of high quality and sometimes pass through several counties . Roads with lower numbers are in southern Sweden , and roads with higher numbers are in northern Sweden . There are many cases where two or more routes in this system share the same physical road for a considerable distance , giving the country several kilometers of double-numbered road . The network of national roads covers all of Sweden , and has a total length of 8769 km -LRB- not including E-roads . The figure is shorter than before , since road 45 is now E45 -RRB- . The only county that does not have a riksväg is Gotland County . The national roads are public roads owned by the Government of Sweden and administered by the Swedish Transport Administration . They get a high priority for snow plowing during the winter . The roads ' number signs are rectangular with a blue background , white numbers , and a white border .
From May 13 to May 16 in 1929, Johnson hosted a conference for organized crime figures from all across America. The men who called this meeting were Masseria family lieutenant Charles "Lucky" Luciano and former Chicago South Side Gang boss Johnny "the Fox" Torrio, with heads of the Bugs and Meyer Mob, Meyer Lansky and Benjamin Siegel, being used as muscle for the meeting.
During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks.
The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia as a legal constituent part of the Soviet Union. Estonia's return to independence became possible as the Soviet Union faced internal regime challenges, loosening its hold on the outer empire. As the 1980s progressed, a movement for Estonian autonomy started. In the initial period of 1987–1989, this was partially for more economic independence, but as the Soviet Union weakened and it became increasingly obvious that nothing short of full independence would do, Estonia began a course towards self-determination.
Disadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability to power interruptions. Different regions may use different supply voltages and frequencies, complicating through service. The limited clearances available under catenaries may preclude efficient double-stack container service. The lethal voltages on contact wires and third rails are a safety hazard to track workers, passengers and trespassers. Overhead wires are safer than third rails, but they are often considered unsightly.
20 Low-Calorie Salads That Won't Leave You Hungry Food Everyday Recipes20 Low-Calorie Salads That Won't Leave You Hungry Satisfy your taste buds with these easy recipes April 22, 2014Subscribe Salad again?1/21Salad again? Your greens won't seem so dull once you try these recipes. Flavorful ingredients, delicious dressings, and the perfect ratio of lettuce to toppings will bring your salads from mundane to mouthwatering. The best part? They're all less than 300 calories per serving, yet high in hunger-fighting power ingredients. Summer Greens and Strawberries with Poppy Seed Dressing2/21Summer Greens and Strawberries with Poppy Seed Dressing Tangy watercress and arugula get a touch of sweetness from strawberries, orange juice, and poppy seeds. PREP TIME: 5 minutes TOTAL TIME: 5 minutes SERVINGS: 83 c watercress leaves 3 c torn arugula leaves 3 c sliced strawberries ¼ c orange juice 2 tsp olive oil 2 tsp poppy seeds ½ tsp grated orange rind1. COMBINE the watercress, arugula, and strawberries in a large bowl. 2. WHISK together the orange juice, oil, poppy seeds, and orange rind in a small bowl. Pour the dressing over the salad and toss gently to combine. NUTRITION (per serving) 40 cal, 1 g pro, 6 g carb, 2 g fiber, 1.7 g fat, 0.2 g sat fat, 8 mg sodium Summer Mediterranean Chickpea Salad3/21Summer Mediterranean Chickpea Salad Research shows that a chickpea-fortified diet can significantly slash "bad" LDL cholesterol levels. Reap the benefits of this bean with this refreshing summer salad. PREP TIME: 15 minutes TOTAL TIME: 25 minutes SERVINGS: 81 can (15 oz) chickpeas, rinsed and drained ½ sm red onion, quartered and thinly sliced ½ cucumber, peeled, seeded, and chopped 1 roasted red pepper, chopped 3 plum tomatoes, chopped 2 Tbsp chopped parsley 2 cloves garlic, chopped 3 Tbsp lemon juice 2 tsp extra-virgin olive oil ¼ tsp salt COMBINE all ingredients in a large bowl. Toss to mix. Allow to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes for flavors to blend. NUTRITION (per serving) 80 cal, 3 g pro, 14 g carb, 3 g fiber, 1.8 g fat, 0.2 g sat fat, 213 mg sodium Turkey Avocado Cobb Salad4/21Turkey Avocado Cobb Salad Turkey breast and reduced-sodium turkey bacon make this a healthy meat-lover's delight. PREP TIME: 8 minutes TOTAL TIME: 15 minutes SERVINGS: 41 lb turkey breast cutlets 1 Tbsp olive oil ¼ tsp salt 2 Tbsp cider vinegar 1 tsp dijon mustard 8 c baby spinach leaves 4 slices cooked reduced sodium turkey bacon, crumbled ½ ripe avocado, cut into ½" cubes 4 cherry tomatoes, halved 1 oz blue cheese, crumbled1. PREHEAT grill pan on medium high heat 2 minutes. Brush turkey with 1 teaspoon of the oil and sprinkle with half of the salt. Grill turkey 4 minutes, flip, and continue cooking until centers are opaque and juices run clear, about 3 minutes longer. Cut into chunks. 2. TO PREPARE THE DRESSING: Combine vinegar, mustard, 1 tablespoon of water, and remaining 2 teaspoons oil and ⅛ teaspoon salt in glass jar. Shake well. 3. TOSS spinach with 2 tablespoons of the dressing in large bowl. Arrange turkey, bacon, avocado, tomatoes, and cheese over spinach. Drizzle remaining dressing over salad and season with black pepper to taste. NUTRITION (per serving) 288 cal, 34 g pro, 10 g carb, 5 g fiber, 13.4 g fat, 3.2 g sat fat, 472 mg sodium Fresh Lemon Greek Salad5/21Fresh Lemon Greek Salad Let your lunch bring you to the luscious Greek islands with this authentic salad recipe. Nonfat yogurt-based dressing provides probiotics, healthy bacteria which boost your immune system. PREP TIME: 10 minutes TOTAL TIME: 10 minutes SERVINGS: 43 c torn romaine lettuce 1 c torn escarole or curly endive ¼ c thinly sliced red onions ¼ c thinly sliced radishes 1 med tomato, cut into 8 wedges 2 Tbsp lemon juice 2 tsp olive oil 1 Tbsp nonfat plain yogurt 1 tsp honey ¼ tsp dried oregano Salt Ground black pepper1. COMBINE the lettuce, escarole or endive, onions, radishes, and tomatoes in a large salad bowl. 2. COMBINE the lemon juice, oil, yogurt, honey, and oregano in a jar; shake to combine. Add salt and pepper to taste. Pour over the salad; toss well. NUTRITION (per serving) 50 cal, 1 g pro, 7 g carb, 2 g fiber, 2.5 g fat, 0.4 g sat fat, 52 mg sodium More from Prevention: Do You Need Probiotics For Down There? Luscious Lime Shrimp Salad6/21Luscious Lime Shrimp Salad This recipe is a no-brainer. Omega-3-rich fish like shrimp keep you sharp, focused, and mentally agile. PREP TIME: 10 minutes TOTAL TIME: 43 minutes SERVINGS: 21½ Tbsp lime juice, preferably freshly squeezed 1 Tbsp chopped cilantro 1 sm scallion, white and green parts, chopped add to shopping list ½ Tbsp hoisin sauce ½ tsp extra-virgin olive oil ¼ tsp minced garlic Pinch of ground white pepper 8 oz large shrimp, peeled, deveined, and rinsed 1 Tbsp chopped red bell pepper Bibb lettuce leaves1. COMBINE the lime juice, cilantro, scallion, hoisin sauce, oil, garlic, and white pepper in a large bowl. Whisk to mix. Set aside. 2. WARM 1 tablespoon of the reserved mixture in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add the shrimp. Cook, tossing, for 2 to 3 minutes, or until the shrimp are opaque. Pour the skillet contents into the reserved mixture. Add the bell pepper. Cover and refrigerate, tossing occasionally, for 30 minutes. Place two serving dishes in the refrigerator, if desired. 3. LINE each chilled plate with the lettuce leaves. Spoon the shrimp and some of the marinade onto the lettuce. NUTRITION (per serving) 151 cal, 24 g pro, 5 g carb, 1 g fiber, 3.4 g fat, 0.6 g sat fat, 235 mg sodium Minted Honey-Lime Fruit Salad7/21Minted Honey-Lime Fruit Salad Refreshing and sweet, this salad is nutritious enough for breakfast and tasty enough for an afternoon snack. PREP TIME: 20 minutes TOTAL TIME: 20 minutes SERVINGS: 81 tsp grated lime peel 2 Tbsp lime juice 4 Tbsp honey 3 Tbsp chopped fresh mint ½ small honeydew, cubed ½ cantaloupe, cubed 1 pint fresh strawberries, halved and hulled 2 c fresh pineapple or mango cubes STIR together the lime peel, juice, honey, and mint in a large bowl until combined. Add the honeydew, cantaloupe, strawberries, and pineapple or mango. Toss to combine. NUTRITION (per serving) 97 cal, 1 g pro, 25 g carb, 2 g fiber, 0.4 g fat, 0.1 g sat fat, 21 mg sodium More from Prevention: 20 Ridiculously Tasty Strawberry Recipes Barry's Orange Zest Summer Salad8/21Barry's Orange Zest Summer Salad Vitamin-C packed Mandarin oranges along with any summer fruit of your choice blend with greens for an original take on an Asian-inspired salad. PREP TIME: 5 minutes TOTAL TIME: 5 minutes SERVINGS: 6Salad 4 c mixed salad greens 3 c mixed fruit, such as grapes, sliced strawberries, sliced kiwi, and cubed mango, honeydew, cantaloupe, or watermelon 1 c mandarin oranges, drained Dressing ½ c orange juice 1 tsp orange zest 1 c plain yogurt ½ tsp lemon juice 2 Tbsp mayonnaise 1 Tbsp sugar or honey1. TO MAKE THE SALAD: Toss the greens, fruit, and mandarin oranges in a large bowl. 2. TO MAKE THE DRESSING: Combine the orange juice, orange zest, yogurt, lemon juice, mayonnaise, and sugar in a small bowl. Whisk together just before serving. Pour over the salad, toss gently, and serve immediately. NUTRITION (per serving) 122 cal, 3 g pro, 21 g carb, 2 g fiber, 4 g fat, 0.6 g sat fat, 64 mg sodium Toasted Almond Chicken Salad9/21Toasted Almond Chicken Salad Chives from your garden and belly-flattening almonds lend spice and crunch to this delicious dinner salad. PREP TIME: 20 minutes TOTAL TIME: 1 hour, 20 minutes SERVINGS: 43 sm chicken breast halves 3 ribs celery, sliced 1 bunch chives, finely chopped ½ c low-fat plain yogurt ¼ c light sour cream 1½ tsp dried tarragon 2 Tbsp slivered almonds, toasted Salt Ground black pepper 1 bag (10 oz) mixed greens1. COAT a nonstick skillet with cooking spray and place over medium-high heat. When it's hot, add the chicken and cook for 4 minutes per side, or until the juices run clear. Remove the chicken from the heat and let it rest for at least 10 minutes. When they're cool enough to handle, chop the chicken breasts into small pieces. 2. COMBINE the chicken, celery, chives, yogurt, sour cream, and tarragon in a large bowl. Mix lightly. 3. COVER and refrigerate for at least 1 hour, or up to 24 hours. Add the almonds, and salt and pepper to taste. Serve on a bed of greens. NUTRITION (per serving) 177 cal, 25 g pro, 8 g carb, 3 g fiber, 5 g fat, 1.7 g sat fat, 182 mg sodium Thai Beef Salad10/21Thai Beef Salad No need to seek out an Asian market to make this wonderfully crisp and flavorful salad—all the ingredients are available at larger supermarkets. Serve in smaller portions for a first course. PREP TIME: 15 minutes TOTAL TIME: 25 minutes SERVINGS: 41 boneless beef strip steak (1½ inches thick), about 10 oz Kosher salt and freshly ground pepper Dressing 2 Tbsp fresh lime juice 1 Tbsp fish sauce or light soy sauce 2 tsp sugar 1 tsp seeded and minced Thai or red serrano chile Salad 1 c thinly sliced radishes 1 sml red onion, thinly sliced, rinsed and drained 1 med kirby cucumber, unpeeled, thinly sliced ¼ c fresh mint leaves, coarsley chopped 10 lg basil leaves, slivered 4 c slivered romaine lettuce hearts (small inner leaves can be left whole), about 2 hearts1. SEASON steak generously on both sides with salt and pepper. Grill or pan-fry in a lightly oiled skillet over medium-high heat, 4 to 5 minutes per side (steak is best rare to medium and still pink in the center). Set aside and keep warm. 2. WHISK together dressing ingredients in a large bowl; remove 1 tablespoon and set aside. Add the salad ingredients and toss well with dressing. Arrange on a large platter. 3. SLICE steak thinly crosswise against the grain; toss with reserved 1 tablespoon dressing. Arrange on top of salad and serve immediately. NUTRITION (per serving) 151 cal, 18 g pro, 9 g carb, 3 g fiber, 4.9 g fat, 1.7 g sat fat, 341 mg sodium Summer Greens with Strawberries and Feta11/21Summer Greens with Strawberries and Feta Herb sprigs chives and mint mix with heart-disease fighting strawberries for a healthy and sweet-smelling meal. PREP TIME: 10 minutes TOTAL TIME: 10 minutes SERVINGS: 812 c assorted lettuce greens, rinsed and dried well in a salad spinner 1 c herb sprigs, such as chives, chervil, and mint 3 Tbsp sherry vinaigrette 1 c crumbled goat or sheep's milk feta ½ c sliced small strawberries PLACE the greens and herbs in a large bowl. Add vinaigrette and gently toss to coat. Taste and add additional vinaigrette, if desired. Top with feta and berries, and serve. NUTRITION (per serving) 76 cal, 4 g pro, 6 g carb, 2 g fiber, 4.3 g fat, 2.9 g sat fat, 223 mg sodium Buffalo Fiesta Salad With Fire-Roasted Salsa12/21Buffalo Fiesta Salad With Fire-Roasted Salsa Finally, a buffalo salad you don’t have to feel guilty about eating. Chile peppers, scallions, and tomatoes dance on your tastebuds as you enjoy this filling Southwestern-style meal. PREP TIME: 14 minutes TOTAL TIME: 1 hour, 34 minutes SERVINGS: 4Fire-Roasted Salsa 4 med ripe fresh tomatoes 4 scallions 2 poblano chile peppers 1 jalapeno chile pepper (wear plastic gloves when handling) 1 Tbsp canola oil 1 c chopped fresh cilantro 2 Tbsp apple cider vinegar Salad 2 tsp olive or canola oil 1 lb ground buffalo 2 tsp chili powder 2 tsp chipotle seasoning ¼ tsp salt 8 oz spring mix salad greens 1½ c chopped cucumber ½ c fire-roasted salsa1. TO MAKE THE SALSA: Preheat a grill. Coat the tomatoes, scallions, and chile peppers with the canola oil. Grill the vegetables over high heat, turning frequently, for 10 to 12 minutes, or until the tomato and pepper skins are lightly charred. Remove from the heat. Set aside until cool enough to handle. 2. CHOP the roasted vegetables. Place in a large bowl. Add the cilantro and vinegar. Stir to mix. Cover and refrigerate for 1 hour. 3. TO MAKE THE SALAD: In a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat, warm the oil. Crumble in the buffalo. Season with the chili powder, chipotle seasoning, and salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, for about 8 minutes, or until browned. 4. DIVIDE the greens onto 4 plates. Spoon the buffalo mixture and cucumber over the greens. Top each serving with 12 tablespoons of salsa. NUTRITION (per serving) 193 cal, 25 g pro, 6 g carb, 2 g fiber, 7.3 g fat, 1.9 g sat fat, 220 mg sodium Fresh and Filling Luncheon Salad13/21Fresh and Filling Luncheon Salad Rice cakes substitute for carb-rich croutons and crumbled blue cheese replaces cheddar in this healthier version of a traditional chef salad. PREP TIME: 10 minutes TOTAL TIME: 10 minutes SERVINGS: 4¼ c low-fat mayonnaise salad dressing 2 Tbsp lemon juice or balsamic vinegar ¼ tsp black pepper 1 head romaine lettuce, torn 1 c sliced cooked chicken or beef 1 carrot, thinly sliced 1 tomato, coarsely chopped ½ sm cucumber, sliced 2 Tbsp parmesan cheese (optional) 1 Tbsp crumbled blue cheese 1 Tbsp sunflower seeds (optional) 2 brown rice cakes, crumbled1. COMBINE the salad dressing, lemon juice or vinegar, and pepper in a measuring cup. 2. COMBINE the lettuce, chicken or beef, carrot, tomato, cucumber, Parmesan (if using), blue cheese, and sunflower seeds (if using) in a large serving bowl. Sprinkle with the rice cakes and drizzle with the dressing. Toss to coat evenly. NUTRITION (per serving) 180 cal, 13 g pro, 14 g carb, 3 g fiber, 8.5 g fat, 1.8 g sat fat, 236 mg sodium Tropical Pork Salad14/21Tropical Pork Salad Fill your stomach—and your daily serving of fruit—with the help of fiber-rich mango, papaya, and pineapple. PREP TIME: 15 minutes TOTAL TIME: 35 minutes SERVINGS: 42 Tbsp sliced natural almonds 2 tsp ground cumin 1 c chicken broth 12 oz pork tenderloin, cut into 1" strips 1 Tbsp cornstarch 1 Tbsp cold water ¼ c apricot nectar 2 Tbsp chopped fresh cilantro 1 Tbsp lime juice 1 Tbsp honey ¼ tsp freshly ground black pepper ⅛ tsp crushed red-pepper flakes 2 c fresh pineapple chunks or juice-packed canned pineapple, drained ½ ripe papaya, peeled, seeded, and cut into chunks 1 ripe mango, peeled, seeded, and cut into chunks 4 c (about 1 large bunch) torn watercress or spinach1. COMBINE the salad dressing, lemon juice or vinegar, and pepper in a measuring cup. 2. COMBINE the lettuce, chicken or beef, carrot, tomato, cucumber, Parmesan (if using), blue cheese, and sunflower seeds (if using) in a large serving bowl. Sprinkle with the rice cakes and drizzle with the dressing. Toss to coat evenly. NUTRITION (per serving) 180 cal, 13 g pro, 14 g carb, 3 g fiber, 8.5 g fat, 1.8 g sat fat, 236 mg sodium Summer Antipasto15/21Summer Antipasto Satisfy your Italian cravings with this almost no-cook, vegetable-heavy main dish. PREP TIME: 20 minutes TOTAL TIME: 25 minutes SERVINGS: 4Dressing 3 Tbsp red wine vinegar or balsamic vinegar 2 Tbsp olive oil ½ clove garlic, minced ⅛ tsp dried basil ⅛ tsp salt ⅛ tsp ground black pepper Salad 1 sm bunch broccoli, cut into florets 1 med zucchini, cut into 2" matchsticks 1 lb shrimp, cooked 1 c cherry tomatoes, halved ½ c canned artichoke hearts, drained and quartered ⅓ c pitted kalamata olives, pitted 4 oz part-skim mozzarella cheese, cut into ½" cubes 8 slices reduced-fat deli ham, rolled into tubes 16 slices turkey pepperoni1. TO MAKE THE DRESSING: In a small bowl whisk together the red wine or balsamic vinegar, oil, garlic, basil, salt, and black pepper. 2. TO MAKE THE SALAD: Bring a medium saucepan of water to a boil. Fill a large bowl with ice water and set near the stove. Working in batches, boil the broccoli and zucchini just until tender (they will turn bright green). Use a slotted spoon to transfer the vegetables to the ice water to halt the cooking process. Drain well. 3. PLACE the shrimp in the center of a large platter. Arrange the broccoli, zucchini, tomatoes, artichoke hearts, olives, cheese, ham, and pepperoni in small mounds around the shrimp. Drizzle with the dressing. NUTRITION (per serving) 272 cal, 30 g pro, 8 g carb, 3 g fiber, 13.5 g fat, 3.7 g sat fat, 879 mg sodium Grapefruit, Mango, And Avocado Salad with Sherry Dressing16/21Grapefruit, Mango, And Avocado Salad with Sherry Dressing We mix belly-flattening avocados with fiber-rich mangos and grapefruit for a tropical treat. PREP TIME: 20 minutes TOTAL TIME: 20 minutes SERVINGS: 41 Tbsp olive oil 1 Tbsp medium-dry sherry or sherry vinegar 1 ½ tsp red wine vinegar ¼ tsp salt ⅛ tsp freshly ground black pepper 1 lg pink grapefruit 4 c colorful mixed baby greens 1 c sliced ripe avocado 1 c sliced ripe mango 2 Tbsp chopped red onion1. MIX the oil, sherry or sherry vinegar, red wine vinegar, salt, and pepper in a salad bowl with a fork. 2. USE a serrated knife to peel the grapefruit, cutting off most, but not all, of the white pith. Working over a bowl, cut out the fruit from between the membranes. Add 1½ tablespoons of the grapefruit juice to the dressing and mix well. 3. ADD the greens, avocado, mango, red onion, and the grapefruit sections to the dressing and toss gently to mix. Serve immediately. NUTRITION (per serving) 154 cal, 2 g pro, 19 g carb, 6 g fiber, 9.2 g fat, 1.3 g sat fat, 164 mg sodium Zesty Summer Salad17/21Zesty Summer Salad Marinate ingredients the night before a summer party and wow friends with this colorful and vitamin-A-rich passer. PREP TIME: 5 minutes TOTAL TIME: 4 hours, 5 minutes SERVINGS: 63 lg tomatoes, cut into wedges 1 hothouse cucumber, cut into 1" pieces 4 scallions, thinly sliced ¼ c light Italian dressing Ground black pepper 6 lettuce leaves 6 Tbsp grated Parmesan cheese1. COMBINE the tomatoes, cucumber, and scallions in a refrigerator container. Add the dressing, and season to taste with salt and pepper; mix well. Cover and refrigerate for 4 hours or overnight, stirring the salad several times. 2. TO SERVE: drain off most of the dressing. Place a lettuce leaf on each of 6 salad plates and spoon salad into each leaf. Sprinkle 1 tablespoon Parmesan over each. NUTRITION (per serving) 67 cal, 3 g pro, 7 g carb, 2 g fiber, 3 g fat, 1 g sat fat, 169 mg sodium Farmers’ Market Vegetable Salad18/21Farmers’ Market Vegetable Salad Scoop up a handful of summer's best produce for this fiber-full pleasure. PREP TIME: 10 minutes TOTAL TIME: 8 hours, 10 minutes SERVINGS: 10½ c salad oil ½ c vinegar ½ c sugar 2 c whole cooked green beans 1 c sliced cooked carrots 1 c sliced celery 1 c green pepper, sliced or cut into strips 1 med spanish onion, sliced PREPARE dressing of oil, vinegar, and sugar mixed together. Mix green beans, carrots, celery, green pepper, and onion into dressing and keep pressed down with plate on top. Refrigerate overnight. Drain well before serving. NUTRITION (per serving) 167 cal, 1 g pro, 17 g carb, 2 g fiber, 11.1 g fat, 0.8 g sat fat, 22 mg sodium More from Prevention: Use All Your Veggies With This Handy Farmers' Market Recipe Finder Tuscan Summer Salad19/21Tuscan Summer Salad One trip to the local produce stand is all you need for this colorful dish. A jumble of raw vegetables like cucumbers and green pepper add crunch to every bite. PREP TIME: 10 minutes TOTAL TIME: 1 hour, 10 minutes SERVINGS: 44 tomatoes, sliced 2 cucumbers, peeled and sliced ½ med red onion, sliced into rings ½ med green bell pepper, sliced 2 pepperoncini, chopped 2 Tbsp sliced olives 1 Tbsp chopped fresh parsley ¼ tsp salt ½ tsp ground black pepper ½ bottle low-fat or fat-free Italian dressing COMBINE the tomatoes, cucumbers,onion, bell pepper, pepperoncini peppers, olives, parsley, salt, and pepper in a large bowl. Coat with the dressing and mix. Chill for 1 hour before serving. NUTRITION (per serving) 59 cal, 2 g pro, 11 g carb, 3 g fiber, 0.9 g fat, 0.2 g sat fat, 658 mg sodium Grilled Shrimp and Corn Salad20/21Grilled Shrimp and Corn Salad This grill-lovers' salad is a good source of fiber, vitamin A, folate, and potassium. PREP TIME: 25 minutes TOTAL TIME: 44 minutes SERVINGS: 4Dressing ½ ripe avocado, pitted and peeled 3 Tbsp lime juice 1 c 1% low-fat buttermilk 1 Tbsp chopped fresh basil 1 tsp honey Ground black pepper Salad 1 lb medium shrimp, peeled and deveined Salt and ground black pepper 3 ears corn, husks and silks removed 2 plum tomatoes, chopped ½ c seeded and chopped english cucumbers ⅓ c chopped red onions 4 c mixed torn greens1. TO MAKE THE DRESSING: In a food processor or blender, puree the avocado and lime juice. Add the buttermilk, basil, honey, and pepper. Process until smooth. 2. TO MAKE THE SALAD: Coat a grill rack or broiler pan with no-stick spray. Preheat the grill or broiler. 3. SEASON the shrimp with the salt and pepper and thread onto metal skewers, leaving about ¼" between the pieces. Cook 4" from the heat for 2 to 3 minutes per side, or until opaque and cooked through. Remove from the skewers and transfer to a large bowl. 4. COOK the corn in a large pot of boiling water for 3 minutes. Remove from the water and place on the grill or under the broiler for 5 minutes, turning every minute, until the corn is speckled with golden brown spots. Set aside for 5 minutes to cool. Slice the kernels off the cobs and add to the bowl with the shrimp. Stir in the tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions. Toss with the dressing. 5. SERVE on a bed of the greens. NUTRITION (per serving) 279 cal, 30 g pro, 25 g carb, 5 g fiber, 8 g fat, 1.2 g sat fat, 287 mg sodium Pan-Seared Salmon Salad21/21Pan-Seared Salmon Salad A tangy mix of balsamic vinegar, Dijon mustard and sundried tomatoes pair nicely with salmon for this omega-3-filled delight. PREP TIME: 15 minutes TOTAL TIME: 26 minutes SERVINGS: 43 Tbsp chopped dry-pack sun-dried tomatoes 3 Tbsp balsamic vinegar 2 tsp extra-virgin olive oil 1½ tsp dried basil 1 tsp dijon mustard ⅛ tsp salt 1 roasted red pepper, cut into small strips 1 lb mixed salad greens 4 oz button or shiitake mushrooms, sliced 1 sm onion, minced 4 salmon fillets (3 oz each), skin removed 1 tsp Italian seasoning1. PLACE the sun-dried tomatoes in a small bowl. Cover with boiling water. Allow to soak for 10 minutes, or until soft. Drain and discard the liquid. 2. WHISK the vinegar, oil, basil, mustard, and salt in a large bowl until smooth. Place the pepper, sun-dried tomatoes, and greens in the bowl but do not toss. Set aside. 3. COAT a medium nonstick skillet lightly with nonstick spray. Add the mushrooms and onion. Coat lightly with nonstick spray. Cook over medium-high heat for 5 to 7 minutes, or until soft. Remove to a plate to cool. 4. WIPE the skillet with a paper towel. Coat with nonstick spray. Set over high heat. Lightly coat the salmon with nonstick spray. Sprinkle with the Italian seasoning. Add the salmon to the skillet. Cook for 3 minutes on each side, or until the fish flakes easily. Check by cutting into 1 fillet. 5. ADD the mushrooms and onion to the reserved bowl. Toss to mix. Spoon the salad onto 4 plates. Top each with a salmon fillet. NUTRITION (per serving) 236 cal, 21 g pro, 12 g carb, 4 g fiber, 12.1 g fat, 2.3 g sat fat, 242 mg sodium See Next Advertisement Let's Stay In Touch You may unsubscribe at any time. Privacy Policy \| About Us Tags: Everyday Recipes Make It Tonight Privacy Policy \| About Us Copyright © 2017 Rodale Inc.
The passage of hard stool can lead to over-stretching of the area around the anus and rectum. Additionally, more forceful rectal contractions are needed to excrete hard feces from the rectum that may result in severe pain after bowel movements. It is one of the most common causes of abdominal cramps after pooping.
The first step in measuring the distance between the Earth and the Sun is to measure the distance between Earth and another planet in terms of the distance between Earth and the Sun. So, let us assume that the distance between Earth and the Sun is a.Now, let us consider the orbit of Venus.To first approximation, the orbits of Earth and Venus are perfect circles around the Sun. Take a look at the diagram below (not to scale).nyway, the relevant numbers are: Earth-Sun distance, d = roughly 150 million km (defined as 1 Astronomical Unit). Radius of the Sun, R sun = roughly 700,000 km. Orbital speed of Earth, v = roughly 30 km/s. References: 1 Great Moments in the History of Solar Physics 1.
Antonio Gramusset -LRB- 1740 -- 1784 -RRB- was a French adventurer living in Chile , and one of the co-conspirators in the Conspiracy of the Tres Antonios . He was born in Premelieu , and arrived to Chile around 1764 . Once there , he first tried to become a priest , and later he joined a military regiment composed of foreigners , as a cadet . Soon after he abandoned that career too , in order to try to become rich by renting a parcel of land and dedicating himself to agriculture . He also dabbled as an inventor , and developed an impracticable scheme to supply water to Santiago . In 1780 , he joined Antonio Berney and José Antonio de Rojas in a plan to establish Chile as an independent republic . They were soon discovered , denounced and arrested on January 1 , 1781 . He and Berney , because being foreigners , were sent as prisoners first to Lima and then to Spain to be tried . The ship that was carrying them , the San Pedro de Alcantara , went down in front of the coasts of Portugal during a storm . Gramusset survived the sinking but died three months later due to the exposure suffered . Category :1740 births Category :1784 deaths Category : Captaincy General of Chile Category : French emigrants to Chile
One of the key differences in mitosis is a single cell divides into two cells that are replicas of each other and have the same number of chromosomes. This type of cell division is good for basic growth, repair, and maintenance. In meiosis a cell divides into two cells that have half the number of chromosomes. Reducing the number of chromosomes by half is important for sexual reproduction and provides for genetic diversity.
Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas are three fairly major holidays the run up against each other in fairly quick succession. In general the episodes related to this are only really appreciated if they appear before the actual holiday. To that end Halloween episodes typically air the week of Halloween, as it's not an actual national holiday. Thanksgivings episodes air as close to the holiday as possible while typically avoiding later than than the day before Thanksgiving in order to not intersect with peoples travel or preparation days for the holiday. Christmas is then a bit of a wild card, as most shows take a break during December/January to avoid the major holiday craziness. As well as making the series air for as much of the year as possible, while typically avoiding the Summer months where people are at the busiest.
, is a French-Japanese animated series co-produced by DIC Entertainment and Studio Pierrot . The series premiered in Japan on NHK on 29 June 1982 and ran weekly for 39 episodes until its conclusion on 5 February 1983 . Set in 1532 , the series follows the adventures of a young Spanish boy named Esteban who joins a voyage to the New World in search of the lost Cities of Gold and his father . The French version , edited to have different characterization and music , was first aired in Luxembourg on 13 May 1982 by RTL Télévision and in France on 26 September 1983 by Antenne 2 , and was subsequently redubbed and distributed in many different countries throughout the world . It is licensed for English language home video release in the United Kingdom , Australia , and North America by Fabulous Films . In 2007 , an animated feature film version of the story was announced by Jean Chalopin 's company Movie Plus Group , but plans for the film were later shelved . On Chibi Japan Expo in Paris , Jean Chalopin announced that three new seasons of 26 episodes were planned with a release starting in 2011 . The time for the release was later pushed back to 2012 , with the two first episodes premiering on the French channel TF1 on 9 December of that year . During the spring of 2013 , the new series started airing regularly .
Matt Lipsey is a British television and film director . His work includes Baby Cow Productions sitcoms Human Remains and Saxondale , and Hartswood Films series Supernova , The Cup and Jekyll . His first film , Caught in the Act , was released in 2008 . In 2009 he directed the BBC Two sitcom Psychoville . In 2005 he was presented with a British Academy Television Award for his work directing the second series of Little Britain . In 2013 , he directed Gangsta Granny . In 2014 , he directed the BBC television series Big School .
Although the cost of attending UW-Madison will vary among all students, the university bases its financial aid awards on these budgets. 2015-16 Academic Year Cost of Attendance with Tuition & Fees and Estimated Costs.esidency for tuition purposes is determined by the residence examiner in the Office of the Registrar. There is an additional fee of $275 for New Freshmen. There is an additional fee of $200 for New Transfer students.
Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewish and early Christian writings presented the idea of 'unknowing,' where God's presence was enveloped in a dark cloud. These images arose out of a confusing mass of ambiguous and ambivalent statements regarding the nature of God and man's relationship to Him.
My Questions - Documents Documents Share My Questions Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html" title="My Questions" target="_blank">My Questions</a></div> size(px) Download My Questions Transcript Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line "Stick a pony in me pocket"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show "A Question Of Sport"? Which "Generation Game" presenter was famous for his catchphrase "Shut That Door"? "No Mean City" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as "La Cosa Nostra"? What was the Titanic’s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series "Just Good Friends"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film "The Karate Kid"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means "empty orchestra"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers David Coleman Larry Grayson Taggart The Royle Family Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) The Simpsons Teddy Bear Alabama Minotaur The Netherlands The Bismark The Mafia Cherbourg Ben Nevis The Net Toy Story 2 Paul Nicholas "The Lion King" The Adder 28 Martin Luther King's York Manager of the Spice Girls Cupid Using chopsticks to do it Jaws (in two James Bond films) Dixon - the others are Santa's reindeer Mercury Diet Coke Karaoke October 31st Hammerstein On 11th February 1990, which fam
Concrete Mix - to build either a 4 inch or 6 inch slab. Mortar Mix - to lay either 8 inch x 2 inch x 4 inch bricks or 8 inch x 8 inch x 16 inch blocks at a 3/8 inch joint. Fast-Setting Concrete - to set a post. Base Coat Stucco & Finish Coat Stucco.
To the 5 Boroughs is the sixth studio album by the Beastie Boys . The album was released on June 14 , 2004 internationally , and a day later in the United States . The album debuted # 1 on the Billboard 200 with 360,000 copies sold in its first week and is certified Platinum by the RIAA for sales of over 1,000,000 in the U.S.
Pulp Fiction From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Pulp Fiction (film))navigation search This article is about the film. For other uses, see Pulp fiction. Pulp Fiction Theatrical release poster Directed by Quentin Tarantino Produced by Lawrence Bender Written by Quentin Tarantino Story by Quentin Tarantino Roger Avary Starring John Travolta Samuel L. Jackson Uma Thurman Harvey Keitel Tim Roth Amanda Plummer Maria de Medeiros Ving Rhames Eric Stoltz Rosanna Arquette Christopher Walken Bruce Willis Cinematography Andrzej Sekuła Edited by Sally Menke Production companies A Band Apart Jersey Films Distributed by Miramax Films Release date May 12, 1994 ( Cannes)October 14, 1994 (United States)Running time 154 minutes [1]Country United States Language English Budget $8–8.5 million [2] [3]Box office $213.9 million [2]Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, based on a story by Tarantino and Roger Avary, [4] and starring John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Bruce Willis, Ving Rhames, and Uma Thurman. The film tells a few stories of criminal Los Angeles. The film's title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century, known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue. The screenplay of Pulp Fiction was written in 1992 and 1993, and incorporated some scenes originally written by Avary for True Romance. Its plot is presented out of chronological order. The film is also self-referential from its opening moments, beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of "pulp". Considerable screen time is devoted to monologues and casual conversations with eclectic dialogue revealing each character's perspectives on several subjects, and the film features an ironic combination of humor and strong violence. Its script was reportedly turned down by Columbia Tri Star as "too demented". Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was instantly enthralled with it, however, and the film became the first that Miramax fully financed. Pulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival, and was a major critical and commercial success upon its U. S. release. It was nominated for seven Oscars, including Best Picture; Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay. John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, and Uma Thurman each received Academy Award nominations for their roles and revitalized and/or elevated their careers. The nature of its development, marketing, and distribution — and its consequent profitability — had a sweeping effect on the field of independent cinema. Since its release, Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantino's masterpiece, with particular praise singled out for its screenwriting. [5] The film's self-reflexivity, unconventional structure, and extensive use of homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film. It is often considered a cultural watershed, with a strong influence felt not only in later movies that adopted various elements of its style, but in several other media as well. A 2008 Entertainment Weekly list named it the best film from 1983 to 2008 [6] and the work has appeared on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made. In 2013, Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". [7]Contents [ hide ]1 Narrative structure2 Plot3 Cast4 Production4.1 Writing4.2 Financing4.3 Filming4.4 Music5 Reception5.1 Release and box office5.2 Critical response5.3 Awards season6 Influence and reputation7 Critical analysis7.1 Homage as essence7.1.1 Cinema7.1.2 Television7.2 Notable motifs7.2.1 The mysterious 666 briefcase7.2.2 Jules' Bible passage7.2.3 The bathroom8 Accolades9 See also10 Notes11 Bibliography12 External links Narrative structure Pulp Fiction 's narrative is told out of chronological order, and follows three main interrelated stories: Mob contract killer Vincent Vega is the protagonist of the first story, prizefighter Butch Coolidge is the protagonist of the second, and Vincent's partner Jules Winnfield is the protagonist of the third. [8] The stories intersect in various ways. The film begins with a diner hold-up staged by a couple, then picks up the stories of Vincent, Jules, and Butch. It finally returns to where it began, in the diner. There are a total of seven narrative sequences; the three primary storylines are preceded by intertitles:"Prologue — The Diner" (i)Prelude to "Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife""Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife"Prelude to "The Gold Watch" (a — flashback, b — present)"The Gold Watch""The Bonnie Situation""Epilogue — The Diner" (ii)If the seven sequences were ordered chronologically, they would run: 4a, 2, 6, 1, 7, 4b, 3, 5. Sequences 1 and 7 partially overlap and are presented from different points of view, as do sequences 2 and 6. In Philip Parker's description, the structural form is "an episodic narrative with circular events adding a beginning and end and allowing references to elements of each separate episode to be made throughout the narrative." [9] Other analysts describe the structure as a "circular narrative". [10]Plot Hitmen Jules Winnfield and Vincent Vega arrive at an apartment to retrieve a briefcase for their boss, gangster Marsellus Wallace, from an associate, Brett. After Vincent checks the contents of the briefcase, Jules shoots one of Brett's associates, then declaims a passage from the Bible before he and Vincent kill Brett for trying to double-cross Marsellus. They take the briefcase to Marsellus, but have to wait while he bribes champion boxer Butch Coolidge to take a dive in his upcoming match. The next day, Vincent purchases heroin from his drug dealer, Lance. He shoots up, then drives to meet Marsellus's wife Mia, whom he agreed to escort while Marsellus is out of town. They eat at a 1950s- themed restaurant and participate in a twist contest, then return to home with the trophy. While Vincent is in the bathroom, Mia finds his heroin, mistakes it for cocaine, snorts it, and overdoses. Vincent rushes her to Lance's house, where they revive her with an adrenaline shot to her heart. Butch double-crosses Marsellus and wins the bout, accidentally killing his opponent. At the motel where he and his girlfriend Fabienne are lying low and preparing to flee town, Butch discovers she has forgotten to pack his father's gold watch, a beloved heirloom, and flies into a rage. Returning to his apartment to retrieve the watch, he notices a gun on the kitchen counter and hears the toilet flush. Vincent exits the bathroom and Butch shoots him dead. As Butch waits at a traffic light in his car, Marsellus spots him by chance and chases him into a pawnshop. The owner, Maynard, captures them at gunpoint and ties them up in the basement. Maynard is joined by Zed, a security guard; they take Marsellus to another room to rape him, leaving the "gimp", a silent figure in a bondage suit, to watch Butch. Butch breaks loose and knocks out the gimp. He is about to flee but decides to save Marsellus, returning with a katana from the pawnshop. He kills Maynard; Marsellus retrieves Maynard's shotgun and shoots Zed. Marsellus informs Butch that they are even, as long as he tells no one about the rape and departs Los Angeles forever. Butch picks up Fabienne on Zed's chopper. Earlier, after Vincent and Jules have executed Brett in his apartment, another man bursts out of the bathroom and shoots at them wildly, missing every time; Jules and Vincent kill him. Jules decides their survival was a miracle, which Vincent disputes. As Jules drives, Vincent accidentally shoots Brett's associate Marvin in the face. They hide the car at the home of their associate Jimmie, who insists they deal with the problem before his wife comes home. Marsellus sends his cleaner, Winston Wolfe, who directs Jules and Vincent to clean the car, hide the body in the trunk, dispose of their bloody clothes, and take the car to a junk yard. At a diner, Jules tells Vincent that he plans to retire from his life of crime, convinced that their "miraculous" survival at the apartment was a sign. While Vincent is in the bathroom, a couple, Pumpkin and Honey Bunny, hold up the restaurant. Jules overpowers Pumpkin and holds him at gunpoint; Honey Bunny becomes hysterical and trains her gun on him. Vincent returns with his gun trained on her, creating a Mexican standoff. Jules recites the biblical passage, expresses ambivalence about his life of crime, and allows the robbers to take his cash and leave. Jules and Vincent leave the diner with the briefcase. Cast John Travolta as Vincent Vega: Tarantino cast Travolta in Pulp Fiction because Michael Madsen, who had played Vic Vega in Reservoir Dogs, chose to appear in Kevin Costner 's Wyatt Earp instead. Madsen has since expressed regret over his decision. [11] Harvey Weinstein pushed for Daniel Day-Lewis in the part. [12] Travolta accepted a reduced rate — sources claim either US$100,000 or US$140,000 — but the film's success and his Academy Award nomination for Best Actor revitalized his career; [13] he was subsequently cast in hits including Get Shorty (1995), in which he played a similar character, and the John Woo blockbuster Face/Off. In 2004, Tarantino discussed an idea for a movie starring Travolta and Madsen as the "Vega Brothers"; the concept remains unrealized. [14]Samuel L. Jackson as Jules Winnfield: Tarantino wrote the part of Jules with Jackson in mind, but his first audition was overshadowed by Paul Calderón; Jackson had assumed the audition was merely a reading. Harvey Weinstein convinced him to audition a second time, and his performance of the final diner scene won over Tarantino. [15] Jules was originally scripted with a giant afro, but Tarantino and Jackson agreed on the Jheri-curled wig seen in the film; [16] one reviewer took it as a "tacit comic statement about the ghettoization of blacks in movies". [17] Jackson received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Calderón appears in the movie as Paul, a bartender at Marsellus' social club, as well as Marsellus' assistant. Uma Thurman as Mia Wallace: Miramax favored Holly Hunter or Meg Ryan for the role of Mia. Alfre Woodard and Meg Tilly were also considered, but Tarantino wanted Thurman after their first meeting. [18] [19] She dominated the film's promotional material, appearing on a bed with cigarette in hand. She was nominated for an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. Despite being launched into the celebrity A-list, Thurman chose not to do any big-budget films for the following three years. [20] Thurman later starred in Tarantino's two Kill Bill movies (2003, 2004). Willis evoked one 1950s actor in particular for Tarantino: " Aldo Ray in Jacques Tourneur 's Nightfall [1956] ... I said let's go for that whole look." [21] His boxing robe, designed by Betsy Heimann, exemplifies Tarantino's notion of costume as symbolic armor. [22]Bruce Willis as Butch Coolidge: Willis was a major star, but most of his recent films had been critical and box office disappointments. As described by Peter Bart, taking a role in the modestly budgeted film "meant lowering his salary and risking his star status, but the strategy [...] paid off royally: Pulp Fiction not only brought Willis new respect as an actor, but also earned him several million dollars as a result of his gross participation." [23] Willis' appearance and physical presence were crucial to Tarantino's interest in casting him: "Bruce has the look of a 50s actor. I can't think of any other star that has that look." [24] Chandler Lindauer plays the young Butch Coolidge. Harvey Keitel as Winston Wolfe: Tarantino wrote the part of Wolfe specifically for Keitel, who had starred in Reservoir Dogs and was instrumental in its production. In Tarantino's words, "Harvey had been my favorite actor since I was 16 years old." [25] Keitel had played a character similarly employed as a " cleaner " in Point of No Return (1993). Tim Roth as Ringo/"Pumpkin": Roth had starred in Reservoir Dogs alongside Keitel. He had used an American accent in Reservoir Dogs, but uses his natural, London accent in Pulp Fiction. Though Tarantino had written the part with Roth in mind, Tri Star head Mike Medavoy preferred Johnny Depp or Christian Slater. [26] Early in development, Tarantino had contemplated casting Roth as Vincent and Gary Oldman as Jules, rewriting the characters as "two English guys". [27]Amanda Plummer as Yolanda/"Honey Bunny": Tarantino wrote the role of Yolanda for Plummer to partner her with Roth onscreen. Roth had introduced Tarantino to her, saying: "I want to work with Amanda in one of your films, but she has to have a really big gun." Yolanda is Ringo's girlfriend and partner in crime. [28]Maria de Medeiros as Fabienne: Butch's girlfriend. Tarantino met de Medeiros, a Portuguese actress, while traveling with Reservoir Dogs around the European film festival circuit. [29] She had previously costarred with Thurman in Henry & June (1990), playing Anaïs Nin. Ving Rhames as Marsellus Wallace: Before Rhames was cast, the part of Wallace was offered to Sid Haig, who had appeared in many 1970s exploitation films. Haig passed on the role. [30] According to Bender, Rhames gave "one of the best auditions I've ever seen." [19] His acclaimed performance led to his being cast in big-budget features such as Mission Impossible (1996), Con Air (1997), and Out of Sight (1998). [31]Phil La Marr as Marvin: La Marr auditioned for Tarantino because both had done a show for the Groundlings, an improv group, a few months before casting of the film began. [32] In the audition, he read for Jules Winnfield and Brett. [32] He described the filming experience of Pulp Fiction as "the coolest, most easygoing, fun set I've ever been on ... Tarantino was fantastic. I mean, he can be almost unbearable as a person. At a party, you can't get a word in edgewise for, like, an hour. But as a director, he is so completely open and just ... present. And he treated everybody on set well." [32]Frank Whaley as Brett: Whaley met Tarantino while he was filming Reservoir Dogs at a lab in Sundance Institute. As he recalled, "we ended up meeting and spending time together, and I liked him, so I was really happy when he asked me to be in this movie." [33] Regarding the reputation of his character, he said: "When I came home, I was walking on the streets of Manhattan, and people were just screaming, "Check out the big brain on Brett!" And I was, like, "What the fuck are you talking about?" But to this day, that's what people remember." [33]Burr Steers as Roger/"Flock Of Seagulls"The scene of the confrontation between Brett and Jules went through several takes due to Steers making mistakes. Steers recalled in an interview that he had found acting difficult due to the loudness of the gunshots. [34]Eric Stoltz as Lance: Vincent's drug dealer. Courtney Love later said that Kurt Cobain was originally offered the role of Lance; if he had taken it, Love would have played the role of his wife. [35] Tarantino denies that he ever met Cobain and insists he never offered him a role in the movie. [36] Gary Oldman was the preferred choice among Tri Star executives, based on his portrayal of drug-dealing pimp Drexl Spivey in Tarantino's True Romance (1993). [37] [38]Quentin Tarantino as Jimmie: Jules' friend. Tarantino was unsure whether he wanted to play Jimmie or Lance. He gave the Lance role to Stoltz, as he wanted to be behind the camera during Mia's overdose scene. [38]Rosanna Arquette as Jody: Lance's wife. Pam Grier read for the role, but Tarantino did not believe audiences would find it plausible for Lance to yell at her. [39] Tarantino later cast Grier as the lead role for Jackie Brown. Ellen De Generes also read for Jody. [40]Bronagh Gallagher as Trudi Trudi is Jody's friend who does little but smoke out of a bong during the scene where Vincent has to put a needle in Mia. According to author Jason Bailey, "Quentin thought it would be funny to have this casual observer who just happened to be there. All of this was born out of the experience of, when you go to someone's house to buy drugs, there are always people who are just there." [41] Gallagher recalled favorable experiences of working with Tarantino for the film: "Pulp Fiction was just being in the right place at the right time. After The Commitments, a couple of us got representation in LA and it was mostly rubbish. They drive you around to meet about 30 different people, but I was never the Hollywood starlet those people wanted. The only time I ever fitted into anybody's blueprint was with Tarantino. He was the man. Bring on the freaks! Bring out the people, now deemed shells, whose career is over. But he is unique. He's such a wonderful director and such a nice bloke. It was the only time I didn't feel like the odd one out over there." [42]Angela Jones as Esmeralda Villalobos: Tarantino first saw Jones in the 1991 short film Curdled, which was later remade into a 1996 full-length motion picture which Jones also starred in and Tarantino was involved in financing. In Curdled, she portrayed a character who enjoyed cleaning up murder scenes, and this gave Tarantino the idea of a getaway cab character for Pulp Fiction. [43]Duane Whitaker as Maynard, Peter Greene as Zed and Stephen Hibbert as the gimp: [44]According to The Daily Beast, these "three psycho hillbillies " that torture Butch in Maynard's shop's basement are a reference to the film Deliverance. [43]Christopher Walken as Captain Koons: Walken appears in a single scene devoted to the Vietnam veteran's monologue about the gold watch. In 1993, Walken had appeared in another small but pivotal role in True Romance. Production Writing Roger Avary wrote the first element of what would become the Pulp Fiction screenplay in the fall of 1990: Tarantino and Avary decided to write a short, on the theory that it would be easier to get made than a feature. But they quickly realized that nobody produces shorts, so the film became a trilogy, with one section by Tarantino, one by Avary, and one by a third director who never materialized. Each eventually expanded his section into a feature-length script. [45]The initial inspiration was the three-part horror anthology film Black Sabbath (1963), by Italian filmmaker Mario Bava. The Tarantino–Avary project was provisionally titled " Black Mask ," after the seminal hardboiled crime fiction magazine. [29] Tarantino's script was produced as Reservoir Dogs, his directorial debut; Avary's, titled "Pandemonium Reigns," would form the basis for the "Gold Watch" storyline of Pulp Fiction. [46]With work on Reservoir Dogs completed, Tarantino returned to the notion of a trilogy film: "I got the idea of doing something that novelists get a chance to do but filmmakers don't: telling three separate stories, having characters float in and out with different weights depending on the story." [47] Tarantino explains that the idea "was basically to take like the oldest chestnuts that you've ever seen when it comes to crime stories — the oldest stories in the book ... You know, 'Vincent Vega and Marsellus Wallace's Wife' — the oldest story about ... the guy's gotta go out with the big man's wife and don't touch her. You know, you've seen the story a zillion times." [8] "I'm using old forms of storytelling and then purposely having them run awry", he says. "Part of the trick is to take these movie characters, these genre characters and these genre situations and actually apply them to some of real life's rules and see how they unravel." [48] In at least one case, boxer Butch Coolidge, Tarantino had in mind a specific character from a classic Hollywood crime story: "I wanted him to be basically like Ralph Meeker as Mike Hammer in Aldrich 's Kiss Me Deadly [1955]. I wanted him to be a bully and a jerk". [24]Tarantino went to work on the script for Pulp Fiction in Amsterdam in March 1992, [49] possibly at the Winston Hotel in the Red Light District. [50] He was joined there by Avary, who contributed "Pandemonium Reigns" to the project and participated in its rewriting as well as the development of the new storylines that would link up with it. [46] Two scenes originally written by Avary for the True Romance screenplay, exclusively credited to Tarantino, were incorporated into the opening of "The Bonnie Situation": the "miraculous" missed shots by the hidden gunman and the rear seat automobile killing. [51] The notion of the crimeworld "cleaner" that became the heart of the episode was inspired by a short, Curdled, that Tarantino saw at a film festival. He cast the lead actress, Angela Jones, in Pulp Fiction and later backed the filmmakers' production of a feature-length version of Curdled. [52] The script included a couple of made-up commercial brands that would feature often in later Tarantino films: Big Kahuna burgers (a Big Kahuna soda cup appears in Reservoir Dogs) and Red Apple cigarettes. [53] As he worked on the script, Tarantino also accompanied Reservoir Dogs around the European film festivals. Released in the U. S. in October 1992, the picture was a critical and commercial success. In January 1993, the Pulp Fiction script was complete. [54]Financing Tarantino and his producer, Lawrence Bender, brought the script to Jersey Film. Before even seeing Reservoir Dogs, Jersey had attempted to sign Tarantino for his next project. [55] Ultimately a development deal worth around $1 million had been struck: The deal gave A Band Apart, Bender and Tarantino's newly formed production company, initial financing and office facilities; Jersey got a share of the project and the right to shop the script to a studio. [56] Jersey had a distribution and "first look" deal with Columbia Tri Star, which paid Tarantino for the right to consider exercising its option. [57] In February, Pulp Fiction appeared on a Variety list of films in pre-production at Tri Star. [58] In June, however, the studio put the script into turnaround. [57] According to a studio executive, Tri Star chief Mike Medavoy found it "too demented". [59] There were suggestions that Tri Star was resistant to back a film featuring a heroin user; there were also indications that the studio simply saw the project as too low-budget for its desired star-driven image. [60] Avary — who was about to start shooting his own directorial debut, Killing Zoe — has said that Tri Star's objections were comprehensive, encompassing the script's fundamental structure. He characterizes the studio's position: "'This is the worst thing ever written. It makes no sense. Someone's dead and then they're alive. It's too long, violent, and unfilmable.' ... So I thought, 'That's that!'" [61]Bender brought the script to Miramax, the formerly independent studio that had recently been acquired by Disney. Harvey Weinstein — co-chairman of Miramax, along with his brother, Bob — was instantly enthralled by the script and the company picked it up. [62] Pulp Fiction, the first Miramax project to get a green light after the Disney acquisition, was budgeted at $8.5 million. [3] It became the first movie that Miramax completely financed. [63] Helping hold costs down was the plan Bender executed to pay all the main actors the same amount per week, regardless of their industry status. [64] The biggest star to sign on to the project was Bruce Willis. Though he had recently appeared in several big-budget flops, he was still a major overseas draw. On the strength of his name, Miramax garnered $11 million for the film's worldwide rights, virtually ensuring its profitability. [65]Filming Principal photography commenced on September 20, 1993. [66] The lead offscreen talent had all worked with Tarantino on Reservoir Dogs — cinematographer Andrzej Sekuła, film editor Sally Menke, production designer David Wasco, and costume designer Betsy Heimann. According to Tarantino, " [W]e had $8 million [ sic ]. I wanted it to look like a $20–25 million movie. I wanted it to look like an epic. It's an epic in everything — in invention, in ambition, in length, in scope, in everything except the price tag." [67] The film, he says, was shot "on 50 ASA film stock, which is the slowest stock they make. The reason we use it is that it creates an almost no-grain image, it's lustrous. It's the closest thing we have to 50s Technicolor ." [68] The largest chunk of the budget — $150,000 — went to creating the Jack Rabbit Slim's set. [69] It was built in a Culver City warehouse, where it was joined by several other sets, as well as the film's production offices. [70] The diner sequence was shot on location in Hawthorne at the Hawthorne Grill, known for its Googie architecture. [71] For the costumes, Tarantino took his inspiration from French director Jean-Pierre Melville, who believed that the clothes his characters wore were their symbolic suits of armor. [22] Tarantino cast himself in a modest-sized role as he had in Reservoir Dogs. One of his pop totems, Fruit Brute, a long-discontinued General Mills cereal, also returned from the earlier film. [72] The shoot wrapped on November 30. [73] Before Pulp Fiction ' s premiere, Tarantino convinced Avary to forfeit his agreed-on cowriting credit and accept a "story by" credit, so the line "Written and directed by Quentin Tarantino" could be used in advertising and onscreen. [18]Music Main article: Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction No film score was composed for Pulp Fiction; Quentin Tarantino instead used an eclectic assortment of surf music, rock and roll, soul, and pop songs. Dick Dale 's rendition of " Misirlou " plays during the opening credits. Tarantino chose surf music as the basic musical style for the film, but not, he insists, because of its association with surfing culture: "To me it just sounds like rock and roll, even Morricone music. It sounds like rock and roll spaghetti Western music." [74] Some of the songs were suggested to Tarantino by his friends Chuck Kelley and Laura Lovelace, who were credited as music consultants. Lovelace also appeared in the film as Laura, a waitress; she reprises the role in Jackie Brown. [75] The soundtrack album, Music from the Motion Picture Pulp Fiction, was released along with the film in 1994. The album peaked on the Billboard 200 chart at number 21. [76] The single, Urge Overkill 's cover of the Neil Diamond song " Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon ", reached number 59. [77]Estella Tincknell describes how the particular combination of well-known and obscure recordings helps establish the film as a "self-consciously 'cool' text. [The] use of the mono-tracked, beat-heavy style of early 1960s U. S. 'underground' pop mixed with 'classic' ballads such as Dusty Springfield 's ' Son of a Preacher Man ' is crucial to the film's postmodern knowingness." She contrasts the soundtrack with that of Forrest Gump, the highest-grossing film of 1994, which also relies on period pop recordings: " [T]he version of 'the sixties' offered by Pulp Fiction ... is certainly not that of the publicly recognized counter-culture featured in Forrest Gump, but is, rather, a more genuinely marginal form of sub-culture based around a lifestyle — surfing, 'hanging' — that is resolutely apolitical." The soundtrack is central, she says, to the film's engagement with the "younger, cinematically knowledgeable spectator" it solicits. [78]Reception Release and box office Pulp Fiction premiered in May 1994 at the Cannes Film Festival. The Weinsteins "hit the beach like commandos", bringing the picture's entire cast over. [79] The film was unveiled at a midnight hour screening and caused a sensation. [80] [81] It won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, generating a further wave of publicity. [82]The first U. S. review of the film was published on May 23 in industry trade magazine Variety. Todd Mc Carthy called Pulp Fiction a "spectacularly entertaining piece of pop culture ... a startling, massive success." [83] From Cannes forward, Tarantino was on the road continuously, promoting the film. [84] Over the next few months it played in smaller festivals around Europe, building buzz: Nottingham, Munich, Taormina, Locarno, Norway, and San Sebastián. [85] Tarantino later said, "One thing that's cool is that by breaking up the linear structure, when I watch the film with an audience, it does break [the audience's] alpha state. It's like, all of a sudden, 'I gotta watch this ... I gotta pay attention.' You can almost feel everybody moving in their seats. It's actually fun to watch an audience in some ways chase after a movie." [86] In late September, it opened the New York Film Festival. The New York Times published its review the day of the opening. Janet Maslin called the film a "triumphant, cleverly disorienting journey through a demimonde that springs entirely from Mr. Tarantino's ripe imagination, a landscape of danger, shock, hilarity and vibrant local color ... [He] has come up with a work of such depth, wit and blazing originality that it places him in the front ranks of American film makers." [81]On October 14, 1994, Pulp Fiction went into general release in the United States. As Peter Biskind describes, "It was not platformed, that is, it did not open in a handful of theaters and roll out slowly as word of mouth built, the traditional way of releasing an indie film; it went wide immediately, into 1,100 theaters." [87] In the eyes of some cultural critics, Reservoir Dogs had given Tarantino a reputation for glamorizing violence. Miramax played with the issue in its marketing campaign: "You won't know the facts till you've seen the fiction", went one slogan. [88] Pulp Fiction was the top-grossing film at the box office its first weekend, edging out a Sylvester Stallone vehicle, The Specialist, which was in its second week and playing at more than twice as many theaters. Against its budget of $8.5 million and about $10 million in marketing costs, Pulp Fiction wound up grossing $107.93 million at the U. S. box office, making it the first "indie" film to surpass $100 million. Worldwide, it took in nearly $213 million. [89] In terms of domestic grosses, it was the tenth biggest film of 1994, even though it played on substantially fewer screens than any other film in the top 20. [90] Popular engagement with the film, such as speculation about the contents of the precious briefcase, "indicates the kind of cult status that Pulp Fiction achieved almost immediately." [91] As Movie Maker puts it, "The movie was nothing less than a national cultural phenomenon." [92] Abroad, as well: In Britain, where it opened a week after its U. S. release, not only was the film a big hit, but in book form its screenplay became the most successful in UK publishing history, a top-ten bestseller. [93]Critical response The response of major American film reviewers was widely favorable. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times described it as "so well-written in a scruffy, fanzine way that you want to rub noses in it — the noses of those zombie writers who take 'screenwriting' classes that teach them the formulas for 'hit films.'" [94] Richard Corliss of TIME wrote, "It towers over the year's other movies as majestically and menacingly as a gang lord at a preschool. It dares Hollywood films to be this smart about going this far. If good directors accept Tarantino's implicit challenge, the movie theater could again be a great place to live in." [95] In Newsweek, David Ansen wrote, "The miracle of Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction is how, being composed of secondhand, debased parts, it succeeds in gleaming like something new." [96] "You get intoxicated by it," wrote Entertainment Weekly ' s Owen Gleiberman, "high on the rediscovery of how pleasurable a movie can be. I'm not sure I've ever encountered a filmmaker who combined discipline and control with sheer wild-ass joy the way that Tarantino does." [17] "There's a special kick that comes from watching something this thrillingly alive", wrote Peter Travers of Rolling Stone. " Pulp Fiction is indisputably great." [97] Overall, the film attained exceptionally high ratings among U. S. reviewers: a 94% score based on 78 reviews at Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 9.1/10, the site's consensus reading, "One of the most influential films of the 1990s, Pulp Fiction is a delirious post-modern mix of neo-noir thrills, pitch-black humor, and pop-culture touchstones". [98] It has an average score of 94/100 based on 24 reviews on Metacritic. [99]The Los Angeles Times was one of the few major news outlets to publish a negative review on the film's opening weekend. Kenneth Turan wrote, "The writer-director appears to be straining for his effects. Some sequences, especially one involving bondage harnesses and homosexual rape, have the uncomfortable feeling of creative desperation, of someone who's afraid of losing his reputation scrambling for any way to offend sensibilities." [100] Some who reviewed it in the following weeks took more exception to the predominant critical reaction than to Pulp Fiction itself. While not panning the film, Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic felt that "the way that [it] has been so widely ravened up and drooled over verges on the disgusting. Pulp Fiction nourishes, abets, cultural slumming." [101] Responding to comparisons between Tarantino's film and the work of French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard, especially his first, most famous feature, Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader wrote, "The fact that Pulp Fiction is garnering more extravagant raves than Breathless ever did tells you plenty about which kind of cultural references are regarded as more fruitful — namely, the ones we already have and don't wish to expand." [102] Observing in the National Review that " [n]o film arrives with more advance hype", John Simon was unswayed: "titillation cures neither hollowness nor shallowness". [103]Debate about the film spread beyond the review pages. Violence was often the theme. In The Washington Post, Donna Britt described how she was happy not to see Pulp Fiction on a recent weekend and thus avoid "discussing the rousing scene in which a gunshot sprays somebody's brains around a car interior". [104] Some commentators took exception to the film's frequent use of the word " nigger ". In the Chicago Tribune, Todd Boyd argued that the word's recurrence "has the ability to signify the ultimate level of hipness for white males who have historically used their perception of black masculinity as the embodiment of cool". [105] In Britain, James Wood, writing in The Guardian, set the tone for much subsequent criticism: "Tarantino represents the final triumph of postmodernism, which is to empty the artwork of all content, thus avoiding its capacity to do anything except helplessly represent our agonies ... Only in this age could a writer as talented as Tarantino produce artworks so vacuous, so entirely stripped of any politics, metaphysics, or moral interest." [106]Awards season Around the turn of the year, Pulp Fiction was named Best Picture by the National Society of Film Critics, National Board of Review, Los Angeles Film Critics Association, Boston Society of Film Critics, Society of Texas Film Critics, Southeastern Film Critics Association, and Kansas City Film Critics Circle. [107] Tarantino was named Best Director by all seven of those organizations as well as by the New York Film Critics Circle and Chicago Film Critics Association. [108] The screenplay won several prizes, with various awarding bodies ascribing credit differently. At the 52nd Golden Globe Awards, Tarantino, named as sole recipient of the Best Screenplay honor, failed to mention Avary in his acceptance speech. [109] In February 1995, the film received seven Oscar nominations — Best Picture, Director, Actor (Travolta), Supporting Actor (Jackson), Supporting Actress (Thurman), Original Screenplay, and Film Editing. Travolta, Jackson, and Thurman were each nominated as well for the 1st Screen Actors Guild Awards, presented on February 25, but none took home the honor. [110] At the Academy Awards ceremony the following month, Tarantino and Avary were announced as joint winners of the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. [111] The furor around the film was still going strong: much of the March issue of Artforum was devoted to its critical dissection. [112] Pulp Fiction garnered four honors at the Independent Spirit Awards, held at the end of the month — Best Feature, Best Director, Male Lead (Jackson), and Best Screenplay (Tarantino). [113] At the British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA), Tarantino and Avary shared the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, and Jackson won for Best Supporting Actor. [114] The film was nominated for the Grand Prix of the Belgian Film Critics Association. [115]Influence and reputation Pulp Fiction quickly came to be regarded as one of the most significant films of its era. In 1995, in a special edition of Siskel & Ebert devoted to Tarantino, Gene Siskel argued that the work posed a major challenge to the "ossification of American movies with their brutal formulas". In Siskel's view,the violent intensity of Pulp Fiction calls to mind other violent watershed films that were considered classics in their time and still are. Hitchcock 's Psycho [1960], Arthur Penn 's Bonnie and Clyde [1967], and Stanley Kubrick 's A Clockwork Orange [1971]. Each film shook up a tired, bloated movie industry and used a world of lively lowlifes to reflect how dull other movies had become. And that, I predict, will be the ultimate honor for Pulp Fiction. Like all great films, it criticizes other movies. [116]Ken Dancyger writes that its "imitative and innovative style" — like that of its predecessor, Reservoir Dogs — representsa new phenomenon, the movie whose style is created from the context of movie life rather than real life. The consequence is twofold — the presumption of deep knowledge on the part of the audience of those forms such as the gangster films or Westerns, horror films or adventure films. And that the parody or alteration of that film creates a new form, a different experience for the audience. [117]John Travolta, Uma Thurman and Quentin Tarantino at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, for the film's 20th anniversary tribute. In a widely covered speech on May 31, 1995, Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole attacked the American entertainment industry for peddling "nightmares of depravity". Pulp Fiction was soon associated with his charges concerning gratuitous violence. Dole had not, in fact, mentioned the film; he cited two less celebrated movies based on Tarantino screenplays, Natural Born Killers and True Romance. [118] In September 1996, Dole did accuse Pulp Fiction — which he had not seen — of promoting "the romance of heroin". [119]Paula Rabinowitz expresses the general film industry opinion that Pulp Fiction "simultaneously resurrected John Travolta and film noir". [120] In Peter Biskind's description, it created a "guys-with-guns frenzy". [121] The film has also been labeled as a black comedy [4] and a " neo-noir ". [122] Critic Geoffrey O'Brien, however, argued against the classification of Pulp Fiction into the neo-noir genre: "The old-time noir passions, the brooding melancholy and operatic death scenes, would be altogether out of place in the crisp and brightly lit wonderland that Tarantino conjures up. [It is] neither neo-noir nor a parody of noir." [123] Similarly, Nicholas Christopher calls it "more gangland camp than neo-noir", [124] and Foster Hirsch suggests that its "trippy fantasy landscape" characterizes it more definitively than any genre label. [125] Regardless, the stylistic influence of Pulp Fiction soon became apparent. Less than a year after the picture's release, British critic Jon Ronson attended the National Film School 's end-of-semester screenings and assessed the impact: "Out of the five student movies I watched, four incorporated violent shoot-outs over a soundtrack of iconoclastic 70s pop hits, two climaxed with all the main characters shooting each other at once, and one had two hitmen discussing the idiosyncrasies of The Brady Bunch before offing their victim. Not since Citizen Kane has one man appeared from relative obscurity to redefine the art of moviemaking." [126] Among the first Hollywood films cited as its imitators were Destiny Turns on the Radio (1995), in which Tarantino acted, [116]Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead (1995), [127] and 2 Days in the Valley (1996). [128] It "triggered a myriad of clones", writes Fiona Villella. [129] Internationally, according to David Desser, it "not only influenced a British brand of noir, but extended the noir vision virtually around the world." [130] Pulp Fiction ' s effect on film form was still reverberating in 2007, when David Denby of The New Yorker credited it with initiating the ongoing cycle of disordered cinematic narratives. [131]Its impact on Hollywood was deeper still. According to Variety, the trajectory of Pulp Fiction from Cannes launch to commercial smash "forever altered the game" of so-called independent cinema. [132] It "cemented Miramax's place as the reigning indie superpower", [87] writes Biskind. " Pulp became the Star Wars of independents, exploding expectations for what an indie film could do at the box office." [133] The film's large financial return on its small budgettransform [ed] the industry's attitude toward the lowly indies ... spawning a flock of me-too classics divisions ... [S]mart studio executives suddenly woke up to the fact that grosses and market share, which got all the press, were not the same as profits.... Once the studios realized that they could exploit the economies of (small) scale, they more or less gave up buying or remaking the films themselves, and either bought the distributors, as Disney had Miramax, or started their own ... copy [ing] Miramax's marketing and distribution strategies. [134]In 2001, Variety, noting the increasing number of actors switching back and forth between expensive studio films and low-budget independent or indie-style projects, suggested that the "watershed moment for movie stars" came with the decision by Willis — one of Hollywood's highest-paid performers — to appear in Pulp Fiction. [135]And its impact was even broader than that. It has been described as a "major cultural event", an "international phenomenon" that influenced television, music, literature, and advertising. [129] [136] Not long after its release, it was identified as a significant focus of attention within the growing community of Internet users. [137] Adding Pulp Fiction to his roster of The Great Movies in 2001, Roger Ebert called it "the most influential film of the decade". [138] Four years later, Time 's Corliss wrote much the same: " (unquestionably) the most influential American movie of the 90s". [139]Several scenes and images from the film achieved iconic status; in 2008, Entertainment Weekly declared, "You'd be hard-pressed, by now, to name a moment from Quentin Tarantino's film that isn't iconic." [140] Jules and Vincent's "Royale with Cheese" dialogue became famous. [141] It was referenced more than a decade and a half later in the Travolta vehicle From Paris with Love. [142] The adrenalin shot to Mia Wallace's heart is on Premiere ' s list of "100 Greatest Movie Moments". [143] The scene of Travolta and Thurman's characters dancing has been frequently homaged, most unambiguously in the 2005 film Be Cool, starring the same two actors. [144] The image of Travolta and Jackson's characters standing side by side in suit and tie, pointing their guns, has also become widely familiar. In 2007, BBC News reported that "London transport workers have painted over an iconic mural by 'guerrilla artist' Banksy ... The image depicted a scene from Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, with Samuel L. Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns." [145] Certain lines were adopted popularly as catchphrases, in particular Marsellus's threat, "I'm 'a get medieval on your ass." [146] Jules's "Ezekiel" recitation was voted the fourth greatest movie speech of all time in a 2004 poll. One of the more notable homages to Jules "Biblical" quote was one Jackson himself played a part in, near the end of 2014's Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Jackson's character Col. Nick Fury, presumed dead, visits his own gravestone, on which, below Fury's name is inscribed "The path of the righteous man ..." Ezekiel 25:17. [147]Pulp Fiction now appears in several critical assessments of all-time great films. In 2008, Entertainment Weekly named it the best film of the past quarter-century. [140] That same year, the American Film Institute 's "Ten Top Ten" poll ranked it number 7 all-time in the gangster film genre. [148] In 2007, it was voted 94th overall on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. [149] In 2005, it was named one of " Time's All-Time 100 Movies ". [139] As of January 2010, it is number 10 on Metacritic's list of all-time highest scores. [150] The film ranks very highly in popular surveys. A 2008 Empire poll combining the opinions of readers, movie industry professionals, and critics named Pulp Fiction the ninth-best film of all time. [151] In a 2006 readers' poll by the British magazine Total Film, it ranked as the number three film in history. [152] It was voted as the fourth-greatest film of all time in a nationwide poll for Britain's Channel 4 in 2001. [153]Critical analysis Tarantino has stated that he originally planned "to do a Black Mask movie", referring to the magazine largely responsible for popularizing hardboiled detective fiction. " [I]t kind of went somewhere else". [154] Geoffrey O'Brien sees the result as connected "rather powerfully to a parallel pulp tradition: the tales of terror and the uncanny practiced by such writers as Cornell Woolrich [and] Fredric Brown ... Both dealt heavily in the realm of improbable coincidences and cruel cosmic jokes, a realm that Pulp Fiction makes its own." [155] In particular, O'Brien finds a strong affinity between the intricate plot mechanics and twists of Brown's novels and the recursive, interweaving structure of Pulp Fiction. [156] Philip French describes the film's narrative as a "circular movement or Möbius strip of a kind Resnais and Robbe-Grillet would admire." [157] James Mottram regards crime novelist Elmore Leonard, whose influence Tarantino has acknowledged, as the film's primary literary antecedent. He suggests that Leonard's "rich dialogue" is reflected in Tarantino's "popular-culture-strewn jive"; he also points to the acute, extremely dark sense of humor Leonard applies to the realm of violence as a source of inspiration. [158]Robert Kolker sees the "flourishes, the apparent witty banality of the dialogue, the goofy fracturing of temporality [as] a patina over a pastiche. The pastiche ... is essentially of two films that Tarantino can't seem to get out of his mind: Mean Streets [1973; directed by Martin Scorsese, who loved Pulp Fiction and the way the film was told. [159] ] and The Killing [1956; directed by Stanley Kubrick ]." [160] He contrasts Pulp Fiction with postmodern Hollywood predecessors Hudson Hawk (1991; starring Willis) and Last Action Hero (1993; starring Arnold Schwarzenegger) that "took the joke too far ... simply mocked or suggested that they were smarter than the audience" and flopped. [161] Todd Mc Carthy writes that the film's "striking widescreen compositions often contain objects in extreme close-up as well as vivid contrasts, sometimes bringing to mind the visual strategies of Sergio Leone ", an acknowledged hero of Tarantino's. [83] To Martin Rubin, the "expansive, brightly colored widescreen visuals" evoke comedy directors such as Frank Tashlin and Blake Edwards. [162]The movie's host of pop culture allusions, ranging from the famous image of Marilyn Monroe 's skirt flying up over a subway grating to Jules addressing a soon-to-be victim as " Flock of Seagulls " because of his haircut, [163] have led many critics to discuss it within the framework of postmodernism. Describing the film in 2005 as Tarantino's "postmodern masterpiece ... to date", David Walker writes that it "is marked by its playful reverence for the 1950s ... and its constantly teasing and often deferential references to other films". He characterizes its convoluted narrative technique as "postmodern tricksiness". [164] Calling the film a "terminally hip postmodern collage", Foster Hirsch finds Pulp Fiction far from a masterpiece: "authoritative, influential, and meaningless". Set "in a world that could exist only in the movies", it is "a succulent guilty pleasure, beautifully made junk food for cinéastes ". [165] O'Brien, dismissing attempts to associate the movie with film noir, argues that " Pulp Fiction is more a guided tour of an infernal theme park decorated with cultural detritus, Buddy Holly and Mamie Van Doren, fragments of blaxploitation and Roger Corman and Shogun Assassin, music out of a twenty-four-hour oldies station for which all the decades since the fifties exist simultaneously." [123] Catherine Constable takes the moment in which a needle filled with adrenaline is plunged into the comatose Mia's heart as exemplary. She proposes that it "can be seen as effecting her resurrection from the dead, simultaneously recalling and undermining the Gothic convention of the vampire's stake. On this model, the referencing of previous aesthetic forms and styles moves beyond ... empty pastiche, sustaining an 'inventive and affirmative' mode of postmodernism." [166]Mark T. Conard asks, " [W]hat is the film about ?" and answers, "American nihilism ." [167] Hirsch suggests, "If the film is actually about anything other than its own cleverness, it seems dedicated to the dubious thesis that hit men are part of the human family." [128] Richard Alleva argues that " Pulp Fiction has about as much to do with actual criminality or violence as Cyrano de Bergerac with the realities of seventeenth-century France or The Prisoner of Zenda with Balkan politics." He reads the movie as a form of romance whose allure is centered in the characters' nonnaturalistic discourse, "wise-guy literate, media-smart, obscenely epigrammatic ". [168] In Alan Stone's view, the "absurd dialogue", like that between Vincent and Jules in the scene where the former accidentally kills Marvin, "unexpectedly transforms the meaning of the violence cliché ... Pulp Fiction unmasks the macho myth by making it laughable and deheroicizes the power trip glorified by standard Hollywood violence." [169] Stone reads the film as " politically correct. There is no nudity and no violence directed against women ... [It] celebrates interracial friendship and cultural diversity; there are strong women and strong black men, and the director swims against the current of class stereotype." [169]Where Stone sees a celebration, Kolker finds a vacuum: "The postmodern insouciance, violence, homophobia, and racism of Pulp Fiction were perfectly acceptable because the film didn't pretend seriousness and therefore didn't mock it." [161] Calling it the "acme of postmodern nineties filmmaking", he explains, "the postmodern is about surfaces; it is flattened spatiality in which event and character are in a steady state of reminding us that they are pop-cultural figures." [170] According to Kolker: That's why Pulp Fiction was so popular. Not because all audiences got all or any of its references to Scorsese and Kubrick, but because the narrative and spatial structure of the film never threatened to go beyond themselves into signification. The film's cycle of racist and homophobic jokes might threaten to break out into a quite nasty view of the world, but this nastiness keeps being laughed off — by the mock intensity of the action, the prowling, confronting, perverse, confined, and airless nastiness of the world Tarantino creates. [171]Henry A. Giroux argues that Tarantino "empties violence of any critical social consequences, offering viewers only the immediacy of shock, humor, and irony-without-insight as elements of mediation. None of these elements gets beyond the seduction of voyeuristic gazing ... [t]he facile consumption of shocking images and hallucinatory delight." [172]Regarding the violence and nihilism in the film, Pamela Demory has suggested that Pulp Fiction should be seen in light of the short stories of Flannery O'Connor, [173] which likewise feature "religious elements, banality, and violence with grotesque humor." Discussing "the connection between violence and redemption," Demory concludes that while O'Connor's purpose is to convince readers "of the powerful force of evil in the world and of our need for grace," Tarantino "seeks to demonstrate that in spite of everything we have seen in the film — all the violence, degradation, death, crime, amoral behavior — grace is still possible; there might be still be a God who doesn't judge us on merits." [174]Homage as essence Cinema Pulp Fiction is full of homages to other movies. "Tarantino's characters", writes Gary Groth, "inhabit a world where the entire landscape is composed of Hollywood product. Tarantino is a cinematic kleptomaniac — he literally can't help himself." [175] Two scenes in particular have prompted discussion of the film's highly intertextual style. Many have assumed that the dance sequence at Jack Rabbit Slim's was intended as a reference to Travolta's star-making performance as Tony Manero in the epochal Saturday Night Fever (1977); Tarantino, however, credits a scene in the Jean-Luc Godard film Bande à part (1964) with the inspiration. According to the filmmaker,Everybody thinks that I wrote this scene just to have John Travolta dancing. But the scene existed before John Travolta was cast. But once he was cast, it was like, "Great. We get to see John dance. All the better." ... My favorite musical sequences have always been in Godard, because they just come out of nowhere. It's so infectious, so friendly. And the fact that it's not a musical, but he's stopping the movie to have a musical sequence, makes it all the more sweet. [176]Jerome Charyn argues that, beyond "all the better", Travolta's presence is essential to the power of the scene, and of the film: Travolta's entire career becomes " backstory ", the myth of a movie star who has fallen out of favor, but still resides in our memory as the king of disco. We keep waiting for him to shed his paunch, put on a white polyester suit, and enter the 2001 Odyssey club in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, where he will dance for us and never, never stop. Daniel Day-Lewis couldn't have woken such a powerful longing in us. He isn't part of America's own mad cosmology ... Tony Manero [is] an angel sitting on Vince's shoulder ... [Vince and Mia's] actual dance may be closer to the choreography of Anna Karina 's shuffle with her two bumbling gangster boyfriends in Bande à part, but even that reference is lost to us, and we're with Tony again ... [177]Estella Tincknell notes that while the "diner setting seems to be a simulacrum of a 'fifties' restaurant ... the twist contest is a musical sequence which evokes 'the sixties,' while Travolta's dance performance inevitably references 'the seventies' and his appearance in Saturday Night Fever. ... The 'past' thus becomes a more general 'pastness' in which the stylistic signifiers of various decades are loaded in to a single moment." [178] She also argues that in this passage the film "briefly shifts from its habitually ironic discourse to one that references the conventions of the classic film musical and in doing so makes it possible for the film to inhabit an affective space that goes beyond stylistic allusion." [178]The pivotal moment in which Marsellus crosses the street in front of Butch's car and notices him evokes the scene in which Marion Crane's boss sees her under similar circumstances in Psycho (1960). [179] Marsellus and Butch are soon held captive by Maynard and Zed, "two sadistic honkies straight out of Deliverance " (1972), directed by John Boorman. [169] Zed shares a name with Sean Connery 's character in Boorman's follow-up, the science-fiction film Zardoz (1974). When Butch decides to rescue Marsellus, in Glyn White's words, "he finds a trove of items with film-hero resonances". [180] Critics have identified these weapons with a range of possible allusions: Hammer — The Toolbox Murders (1978) [181]Baseball bat — Walking Tall (1973); [180] The Untouchables (1987) [181]Chainsaw — The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974); [180] [181] Evil Dead II (1987) [180]Katana (samurai sword) — many, including Seven Samurai (1954); [180] [181] The Yakuza (1975); [180] Shogun Assassin (1980) [181]At the conclusion of the scene, a portentous line of Marsellus' echoes one from the crime drama Charley Varrick (1973), directed by another of Tarantino's heroes, Don Siegel; the name of the character who speaks it there is Maynard. [182]David Bell argues that far from going against the "current of class stereotype", this scene, like Deliverance, "mobilize [s] a certain construction of poor white country folk — and particularly their sexualization ... 'rustic sexual expression often takes the form of homosexual rape' in American movies." [183] Stephen Paul Miller believes the Pulp Fiction scene goes down much easier than the one it echoes: "The buggery perpetrated is not at all as shocking as it was in Deliverance ... The nineties film reduces seventies competition, horror, and taboo into an entertainingly subtle adrenaline play — a fiction, a pulp fiction." [184] Giroux reads the rape scene homage similarly: "in the end Tarantino's use of parody is about repetition, transgression, and softening the face of violence by reducing it to the property of film history." [185] In Groth's view, the crucial difference is that "in Deliverance the rape created the film's central moral dilemma whereas in Pulp Fiction it was merely 'the single weirdest day of [Butch's] life.'" [186] (" American Me did it too," Tarantino observed. "There's like three butt-fucking scenes in American Me. That's definitely the one to beat in that particular category!" [187])Neil Fulwood focuses on Butch's weapon selection, writing, "Here, Tarantino's love of movies is at its most open and nonjudgemental, tipping a nod to the noble and the notorious, as well as sending up his own reputation as an enfant terrible of movie violence. Moreover, the scene makes a sly comment about the readiness of cinema to seize upon whatever is to hand for its moments of mayhem and murder." [181] White asserts that "the katana he finally, and significantly, selects identifies him with ... honourable heroes." [180] Conard argues that the first three items symbolize a nihilism that Butch is rejecting. The traditional Japanese sword, in contrasts, represents a culture with a well-defined moral code and thus connects Butch with a more meaningful approach to life. [188]Television Robert Miklitsch argues that "Tarantino's telephilia" may be more central to the guiding sensibility of Pulp Fiction than the filmmaker's love for rock 'n' roll and even cinema: Talking about his generation, one that came of age in the '70s, Tarantino has commented that the "number one thing we all shared wasn't music, that was a Sixties thing. Our culture was television." A random list of the TV programs referenced in Pulp Fiction confirms his observation: Speed Racer, Clutch Cargo, The Brady Bunch, The Partridge Family, The Avengers, The Three Stooges, The Flintstones, I Spy, Green Acres, Kung Fu, Happy Days, and last but not least, Mia's fictional pilot, Fox Force Five. [189]"The above list, with the possible exception of The Avengers ," writes Miklitsch, "suggests that Pulp Fiction has less of an elective affinity with the cinematic avant-gardism of Godard than with mainstream network programming." [190] Jonathan Rosenbaum had brought TV into his analysis of the Tarantino/Godard comparison, acknowledging that the directors were similar in wanting to cram everything they like onscreen: "But the differences between what Godard likes and what Tarantino likes and why are astronomical; it's like comparing a combined museum, library, film archive, record shop, and department store with a jukebox, a video-rental outlet, and an issue of TV Guide ." [102]Sharon Willis focuses on the way a television show ( Clutch Cargo) marks the beginning of, and plays on through, the scene between young Butch and his father's comrade-in-arms. The Vietnam War veteran is played by Christopher Walken, whose presence in the role evokes his performance as a traumatized G. I. in the Vietnam War movie The Deer Hunter (1978). Willis writes that "when Captain Koons enters the living room, we see Walken in his function as an image retrieved from a repertoire of 1970s television and movie versions of ruined masculinity in search of rehabilitation ... [T]he gray light of the television presiding over the scene seems to inscribe the ghostly paternal gaze." [191] Miklitsch asserts that, for some critics, the film is a "prime example of the pernicious ooze-like influence of mass culture exemplified by their bête noire: TV." [190] Kolker might not disagree, arguing that " Pulp Fiction is a simulacrum of our daily exposure to television; its homophobes, thugs and perverts, sentimental boxers and pimp promoters move through a series of long-take tableaux: we watch, laugh, and remain with nothing to comprehend." [171]Notable motifs The mysterious 666 briefcase Vincent "stares ... transfixed" into the glowing case, as specified in Tarantino's screenplay. [192]Vincent's demeanor reinforces the allusion to the scene in Kiss Me Deadly (1955) in which Lily Carver, a.k.a. Gabrielle ( Gaby Rodgers ), gazes into the glowing case. [193]The combination of the mysterious suitcase lock is 666, the " Number of the Beast ". Tarantino has said there is no explanation for its contents — it is simply a Mac Guffin, a pure plot device. Originally, the case was to contain diamonds, but this was seen as too mundane. For filming purposes, it contained a hidden orange light bulb that produced an otherworldly glow. [194] In a 2007 video interview with fellow director and friend Robert Rodriguez, Tarantino purportedly "reveals" the secret contents of the briefcase, but the film cuts out and skips the scene in the style employed in Tarantino and Rodriguez's Grindhouse (2007), with an intertitle that reads "Missing Reel". The interview resumes with Rodriguez discussing how radically the "knowledge" of the briefcase's contents alters one's understanding of the movie. [195]Despite Tarantino's statements, many solutions to what one scholar calls this "unexplained postmodern puzzle" have been proposed. [91] A strong similarity has often been observed with the 1955 film noir Kiss Me Deadly. That movie, whose protagonist Tarantino has cited as a source for Butch, features a glowing briefcase housing an atomic explosive. [196] In their review of Alex Cox 's 1984 film Repo Man in the Daily Telegraph, Nick Cowen and Hari Patience suggest that Pulp Fiction may also owe "a debt of inspiration" to the glowing car trunk in that film. [197] In scholar Paul Gormley's view, this connection with Kiss Me Deadly, and a similar one with Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), makes it possible to read the eerie glow as symbolic of violence itself. [198] The idea that the briefcase contains Marsellus' soul gained popular currency in the mid-1990s. Analyzing the notion, Roger Ebert dismissed it as "nothing more than a widely distributed urban legend given false credibility by the mystique of the Net". [199]Jules' Bible passage Jules ritually recites what he describes as a biblical passage, Ezekiel 25:17, before he executes someone. The passage is heard three times — in the introductory sequence in which Jules and Vincent reclaim Marsellus' briefcase from the doomed Brett; that same recitation a second time, at the beginning of "The Bonnie Situation", which overlaps the end of the earlier sequence; and in the epilogue at the diner. The first version of the passage is as follows: The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men. Blessed is he who in the name of charity and goodwill shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness, for he is truly his brother's keeper and the finder of lost children. And I will strike down upon thee with great vengeance and furious anger those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. And you will know my name is the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon thee. The second version, from the diner scene, is identical except for the final line: "And you will know I am the Lord when I lay my vengeance upon you. ""And I will strike down ..."Conclusion of the "Ezekiel 25:17" monologue and Brett's murder Problems playing this file? See media help. While the final two sentences of Jules' speech are similar to the actual cited passage, the first two are fabricated from various biblical phrases. [200] The text of Ezekiel 25 preceding verse 17 indicates that God's wrath is retribution for the hostility of the Philistines. In the King James Version from which Jules' speech is adapted, Ezekiel 25:17 reads in its entirety: And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious rebukes; and they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall lay my vengeance upon them. [201]Tarantino's primary inspiration for the speech was the work of Japanese martial arts star Sonny Chiba. Its text and its identification as Ezekiel 25:17 derive from an almost identical creed that appears at the beginning of the Chiba movie Karate Kiba ( The Bodyguard; 1976), where it is both shown as a scrolling text and read by an offscreen narrator. [202]The version seen at the beginning of The Bodyguard (1976) is as follows: The path of the righteous man and defender is beset on all sides by the iniquity of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men. Blessed is he, who in the name of charity and good will, shepherds the weak through the valley of darkness, for he is truly his brother's keeper, and the father of lost children. And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious anger, who poison and destroy my brothers; and they shall know that I am Chiba the Bodyguard when I shall lay my vengeance upon them!In the 1980s television series Kage no Gundan ( Shadow Warriors ), Chiba's character would lecture the villain-of-the-week about how the world must be rid of evil before killing him. [203] A killer delivers a similar biblical rant in Modesty Blaise, the hardback but pulp-style novel Vincent is shown with in two scenes. [204]Two critics who have analyzed the role of the speech find different ties between Jules' transformation and the issue of postmodernity. Gormley argues that unlike the film's other major characters — Marsellus aside — Jules is:linked to a "thing" beyond postmodern simulation ... [T]his is perhaps most marked when he moves on from being a simulation of a Baptist preacher, spouting Ezekiel because it was "just a cool thing to say ..." In his conversion, Jules is shown to be cognizant of a place beyond this simulation, which, in this case, the film constructs as God. [205]Adele Reinhartz writes that the "depth of Jules's transformation" is indicated by the difference in his two deliveries of the passage: "In the first, he is a majestic and awe-inspiring figure, proclaiming the prophecy with fury and self-righteousness ... In the second ... he appears to be a different sort of man altogether ... [I]n true postmodern fashion, [he] reflects on the meaning of his speech and provides several different ways that it might pertain to his current situation." [206] Similar to Gormley, Conard argues that as Jules reflects on the passage, it dawns on him "that it refers to an objective framework of value and meaning that is absent from his life"; to Conard, this contrasts with the film's prevalent representation of a nihilistic culture. [207] Rosenbaum finds much less in Jules's revelation: " [T]he spiritual awakening at the end of Pulp Fiction, which Jackson performs beautifully, is a piece of jive avowedly inspired by kung-fu movies. It may make you feel good, but it certainly doesn't leave you any wiser." [208]The bathroom Much of Pulp Fiction ' s action revolves around characters who are either in the bathroom or need to use the toilet. To a lesser extent, Tarantino's other films also feature this narrative element. [209] At Jack Rabbit Slim's, Mia goes to "powder her nose" — literally; she snorts coke in the restroom, surrounded by a bevy of women vainly primping. Butch and Fabienne play an extended scene in their motel bathroom, he in the shower, she brushing her teeth; the next morning, but just a few seconds later in screen time, she is again brushing her teeth. As Jules and Vincent confront Brett and two of his pals, a fourth man is hiding in the bathroom — his actions will lead to Jules' transformative "moment of clarity". After Marvin's absurd death, Vincent and Jules wash up in Jimmie's bathroom, where they get into a contretemps over a bloody hand towel. [131] When the diner hold-up turns into a Mexican standoff, "Honey Bunny" whines, "I gotta go pee!" [210]As described by Peter and Will Brooker, "In three significant moments Vincent retires to the bathroom [and] returns to an utterly changed world where death is threatened." [211] The threat increases in magnitude as the narrative progresses chronologically, and is realized in the third instance: Vincent and Jules' diner breakfast and philosophical conversation is aborted by Vincent's bathroom break; an armed robbery ensues while Vincent is reading on the toilet. While Vincent is in the bathroom worrying about the possibility of going too far with Marsellus' wife, Mia mistakes his heroin for cocaine, snorts it, and overdoses. During a stakeout at Butch's apartment, Vincent emerges from the toilet with his book and is killed by Butch. In the Brookers' analysis, "Through Vince ... we see the contemporary world as utterly contingent, transformed, disastrously, in the instant you are not looking." [211] Fraiman finds it particularly significant that Vincent is reading Modesty Blaise in two of these instances. She links this fact with the traditional derisive view of women as "the archetypal consumers of pulp": Locating popular fiction in the bathroom, Tarantino reinforces its association with shit, already suggested by the dictionary meanings of "pulp" that preface the movie: moist, shapeless matter; also, lurid stories on cheap paper. What we have then is a series of damaging associations — pulp, women, shit — that taint not only male producers of mass-market fiction but also male consumers. Perched on the toilet with his book, Vincent is feminized by sitting instead of standing as well as by his trashy tastes; preoccupied by the anal, he is implicitly infantilized and homosexualized; and the seemingly inevitable result is being pulverized by Butch with a Czech M61 submachine gun. That this fate has to do with Vincent's reading habits is strongly suggested by a slow tilt from the book on the floor directly up to the corpse spilled into the tub. [212]Willis reads Pulp Fiction in almost precisely the opposite direction, finding "its overarching project as a drive to turn shit into gold. This is one way of describing the project of redeeming and recycling popular culture, especially the popular culture of one's childhood, as is Tarantino's wont as well as his stated aim." [191] Despite that, argues Fraiman, " Pulp Fiction demonstrates ... that even an open pulpophile like Tarantino may continue to feel anxious and emasculated by his preferences." [210]Accolades Pulp Fiction won eight awards from a total of twenty-six nominations. [82] [111] [114] [213] [214] Also, in the balloting by the National Society of Film Critics, Samuel L. Jackson was the runner-up in both the Best Actor and the Best Supporting Actor categories. [214]Award Nominee Result Academy Awards Best Actor John Travolta Nominated Best Picture Lawrence Bender Nominated Best Director Quentin Tarantino Nominated Best Film Editing Sally Menke Nominated Best Supporting Actor Samuel L. Jackson Nominated Best Supporting Actress Uma Thurman Nominated Best Original Screenplay Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary Won BAFTA Awards Best Film Lawrence Bender and Quentin Tarantino Nominated Best Sound Rick Ash, Stephen Hunter Flick, Ken King, and David Zupancic Nominated Best Editing Sally Menke Nominated Best Direction Quentin Tarantino Nominated Best Cinematography Andrzej Sekuła Nominated Best Supporting Actor Samuel L. Jackson Won Best Original Screenplay Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary Won Best Actor in a Leading Role John Travolta Nominated Best Actress in a Leading Role Uma Thurman Nominated Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Quentin Tarantino Won Golden Globe Awards Best Director Quentin Tarantino Nominated Best Motion Picture – Drama Lawrence Bender Nominated Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Quentin Tarantino Won Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Samuel L. Jackson Nominated Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama John Travolta Nominated Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Uma Thurman Nominated National Society of Film Critics Best Film Quentin Tarantino Won Best Director Won Best Screenplay Quentin Tarantino and Roger Avary Won American Film Institute Lists AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies — #95AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains : Vincent Vega and Jules Winnfield — Nominated Villains AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs — Nominated AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) — #94See also Film in the United States portal1990s portal Plump Fiction Notes^ "PULP FICTION". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved November 11, 2012.^ a b "Pulp Fiction (1994)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 13, 2012.^ a b Waxman (2005), p. 67; Biskind (2004), p. 170; Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), pp. 147–148.^ a b See, e.g., King (2002), pp. 185–7; Kempley, Rita (1994-10-14). " Pulp Fiction (R)". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-09-19.; La Salle, Mike (1995-09-15). " Pulp Grabs You Like a Novel". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ "101 Greatest Screenplays". Writers Guild of America, West. Archived from the original on March 6, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2015.^ "The New Classics: Movies". Entertainment Weekly. 2007-06-18. Retrieved 2013-09-29.^ O'Sullivan, Michael (December 18, 2013). "Library of Congress announces 2013 National Film Registry selections". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 18, 2013.^ a b "Pulp Fiction: The Facts" (1993 location interview), Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Parker (2002), p. 23.^ See, e.g., Dancyger (2002), p. 235; Villella, Fiona A. (January 2000). "Circular Narratives: Highlights of Popular Cinema in the '90s". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on 2006-12-31. Retrieved 2006-12-31.^ Bhattacharya, Sanjiv (2004-04-18). "Mr Blonde's Ambition". Guardian. London. Retrieved 2006-12-27.^ Charyn (2006), p. 68.^ For $100,000, see e.g., Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 3, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment). For USD$140,000, see e.g., Wills, Dominic. "John Travolta Biography". Tiscali. Archived from the original on 2007-01-04. Retrieved 2006-12-27. Note again that all the main actors were paid identical weekly salaries. It appears that these figures cited for Travolta do not include his participation, if any, in the film's profits.^ Haddon, Cole (2008-08-07). "Michael Madsen Talks Hell Ride, Inglorious Bastards, and Sin City 2". Film.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-18.^ Dawson (1995), p. 154; Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 5, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 3, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ a b Gleiberman, Owen (1994-10-10). " Pulp Fiction (1994)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ a b Biskind (2004), p. 170.^ a b Dawson (1995), p. 155.^ Wills, Dominic. "Uma Thurman Biography". Tiscali. Archived from the original on 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2006-12-29.^ Quoted in Dargis (1994a), p. 10. Other sources have claimed that Butch was patterned after Ray's Nightfall role — Brooker and Brooker (1996), p. 234; Polan (1999), p. 23. Tarantino's one public statement on the topic, quoted here, is clearly devoted to Butch's look and not his personality.^ a b Dargis (1994b), p. 17.^ Bart (2000), p. 85. Willis's deal for a percentage of the box office gross was presumably on top of a base weekly salary that was identical to the other main actors', per Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), p. 148.^ a b Quoted in Dargis (1994a), p. 10.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 23, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Charyn (2006), p. 73.^ Bailey (2013), p. 84.^ Dawson, Jeff (December 1995). "Hit Man". Premiere (UK). Tim-Roth.com. Retrieved 2012-04-11.^ a b Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 14, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ "Sid Haïg Interview". Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2008.^ Brennan, Sandra. "Ving Rhames Biography". Allmovie. Retrieved 2012-04-11.^ a b c Harris, Will (June 26, 2012). "Phil La Marr on Futurama and getting shot in the face for Pulp Fiction". The A. V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ a b Harris, Will (April 9, 2015). "Frank Whaley on acting, directing, and getting yelled at by Samuel L. Jackson and Oliver Stone". The A. V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ Eisenberg, Eric. "The Pulp Fiction Scene That Burr Steers Kept Screwing Up, And Why". Cinema Blend. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ Wenn (2006-09-20). "Cobain Turned Down 'Pulp Fiction' Role". Hollywood.com. Retrieved 2007-09-16.^ "Tim chats to director Quentin Tarantino about his film Inglourious Basterds, Brad Pitt and Wikipedia". Nova1069. Archived from the original on 2014-04-27. Retrieved 2014-04-27.^ Roberts, Chris (August 1999). "Gary Oldman: A sheep in wolf's clothing". Uncut. IPC Media (27). [ True Romance] wouldn't have been [Oldman's] last Tarantino collaboration, had Tri Star execs gotten their way ... Oldman was the preferred choice for [Lance].^ a b "50 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Pulp Fiction". Short List. October 28, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2014.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 6, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment). See also Rabin, Nathan (2003-06-25). "Interviews: Pam Grier". Onion. A. V. Club. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ Dawson (1995), p. 189.^ Getlen, Larry (October 18, 2014). "Inside the grisly scene that made 'Pulp Fiction'". New York Post. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ Brady, Tara (April 25, 2006). "Stuck in the medieval with you". Hot Press. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ a b "The Secrets of 'Pulp Fiction': 20 Things You Didn't Know About the Movie on Its 20th Anniversary". The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ Edwards, Gavin (May 21, 2014). "'Get the Gimp': Breaking Down 'Pulp Fiction's Most Notorious Scene". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 15, 2017.^ Biskind (2004), p. 129.^ a b Biskind (2004), p. 167; Dawson (1995), pp. 144–6; Mac Innis, Craig. "Heavyweight Tarantino Won't Be Taken Lightly", Toronto Star, October 8, 1994.^ Quoted in Lowry, Beverly. "Criminals Rendered in 3 Parts, Poetically", New York Times, September 11, 1994.^ "Pulp Fiction: The Facts" (1994 promotional interview), Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Dawson (1995), p. 139.^ Steves, Rick (2015-04-14). Rick Steves Amsterdam & the Netherlands. Avalon Travel. ISBN 9781631210679.^ Mottram (2006), p. 71.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 13, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Wells, Jeffrey (1996-07-12). "Searching for a Big Kahuna Burger". South Coast Today. Retrieved 2007-09-19.^ Charyn (2006), p. 65; Dawson (1995), p. 147. The published version of the screenplay identifies its basis as "May 1993/last draft," incorporating brief revisions made in August, September, and October (Tarantino [1994], n.p. )^ Dawson (1995), p. 140.^ Dawson (1995), p. 146. Biskind (2004) says $1 million (p. 167). Polan (2000) says "close to a million dollars" (p. 68). Enhanced Trivia Track, Pulp Fiction DVD, says $900,000 (ch. 14).^ a b Dawson (1995), p. 148.^ "Tri Star Pictures Slate for 1993". Variety. 1993-02-05. Retrieved 2007-09-21.^ Biskind (2004), p. 168.^ Polan (2000), pp. 68–69; Biskind (2004), pp. 167–8.^ Quoted in Mottram (2006), p. 71.^ Biskind (2004), pp. 168–9.^ Dawson (1995), p. 149.^ Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), p. 148. The New York Times reported, "Most of the actors received relatively small salaries along with a percentage of the profits." Weinraub, Bernard (1994-09-22). "A Film Maker and the Art of the Deal". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-08.^ Biskind (2004), p. 170. Tarantino claims the overseas sales were due to his own name; see Dawson (1995), p. 173.^ Polan (2000), pp. 69, 70.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 8, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Dargis (1994b), p. 18.^ Polan (2000), p. 69; Dawson (1995), p. 159.^ Dawson (1995), pp. 159–60.^ Dawson (1995), p. 158. The Hawthorne Grill was torn down not long after the Pulp Fiction shoot.^ Hoffman (2005), p. 46.^ Dawson (1995), p. 164.^ Dawson (1995), p. 162.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, chs. 1, 2, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ " Pulp Fiction: Charts & Awards/ Billboard Albums". All Music.com. Retrieved 2006-12-26.^ " Pulp Fiction: Charts & Awards/ Billboard Singles". All Music.com. Retrieved 2007-09-14.^ Tincknell (2006), p. 139.^ Charyn (2006), p. 96.^ Biskind (2004), p. 174.^ a b Maslin, Janet (1994-09-23). "Pulp Fiction; Quentin Tarantino's Wild Ride On Life's Dangerous Road". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-11.^ a b "All the Awards—Festival 1994". Cannes Festival. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-09-14.^ a b Mc Carthy, Todd (1994-05-23). " Pulp Fiction ". Variety. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ Dawson (1995), p. 173.^ " Pulp Fiction ". Variety. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 24, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ a b Biskind (2004), p. 189.^ Dawson (1995), p. 171.^ Biskind (2004), p. 189; Waxman (2005), p. 78; " Pulp Fiction ". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2006-12-29. Box Office Mojo gives $106 million in foreign grosses for a worldwide total of $213.9 million; Biskind and Waxman apparently concur that $105m/$212.9m are the correct figures.^ "1994 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-09-12.^ a b Real (1996), p. 259.^ Rose, Andy (Winter 2004). "10 Years of Movie Maker, 10 Years of Indie Film Growth". Movie Maker. Archived from the original on 2007-11-22. Retrieved 2007-09-21.^ Dawson, pp. 171, 13.^ Ebert, Roger (1994-10-14). " Pulp Fiction ". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2007-09-12.^ Corliss, Richard (1994-10-10). "A Blast to the Heart". Time. Retrieved 2007-09-11.^ Ansen, David. "The Redemption of Pulp", Newsweek, October 10, 1994.^ Travers, Peter (October 14, 1994). "Pulp Fiction". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 10, 2011.^ " Pulp Fiction (1994)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2015-03-21.^ " Pulp Fiction ". Metacritic. Retrieved 2006-12-29.^ Turan, Kenneth. "Quentin Tarantino's Gangster Rap", Los Angeles Times, October 14, 1994.^ Kauffman, Stanley. "Shooting Up", New Republic, November 14, 1994.^ a b Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "Allusion Profusion ( Ed Wood, Pulp Fiction )", Chicago Reader, October 21, 1994.^ Simon, John (1994-11-21). " Pulp Fiction ". National Review. Archived from the original on 2007-11-30. Retrieved 2007-10-08.^ Britt, Donna. "Let's Lose the Gory 'Gulp' Fiction", The Washington Post, October 25, 1994.^ Boyd, Todd. "Tarantino's Mantra?" Chicago Tribune, November 6, 1994. See also Willis (1997), pp. 211, 213, 256 n. 39.^ Wood, James (November 12, 1994). The Guardian.^ "Lawrence Bender: Awards". Variety. Retrieved 2009-08-15. [ dead link]^ "Pulp Fiction: Awards". Variety. Archived from the original on 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2009-08-15.^ Biskind (2004), p. 206.^ "1st Annual SAG Awards Nominees". SAG Awards. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-15.^ a b "Academy Awards for Pulp Fiction". AMPAS. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2006.^ Charyn (2006), p. 87.^ Natale, Richard (1995-03-27). " ' Pulp Fiction' Wings It at Independent Spirit Awards". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-08-15.^ a b "Film Winners 1990–1999" (PDF). BAFTA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-02-02. Retrieved 2006-12-29.^ " " Exotica" à l'UCC". Le Soir (in French). January 9, 1995. p. 9. Retrieved October 27, 2012.^ a b "Pulp Faction: The Tarantino Generation", Siskel & Ebert, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Dancyger (2002), p. 228.^ Janofsky, Michael (1995-06-04). "Reviews by Weekend Moviegoers Are In. Dole Gets a Thumbs Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-08. Lacayo, Richard (1995-06-12). "Violent Reaction". Time. Retrieved 2007-10-08.^ Gorman, Steven J. (1996-08-19). "Dole Takes on Drug Issue: Clinton Faulted for 'Naked' Lack of Leadership". Daily News. Retrieved 2007-10-08.^ Rabinowitz (2002), p. 15.^ Biskind (2004), p. 258.^ See, e.g., Waxman (2005), p. 64; Silver and Ursini (2004), p. 65; Real (1996), p. 122.^ a b O'Brien (1994), p. 90.^ Christopher (2006), p. 240. See also Rubin (1999), pp. 174–5.^ Hirsch (1997), p. 359.^ Quoted in Dawson (1995), p. 207.^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "The World According to Harvey and Bob ( Smoke, The Glass Shield )", Chicago Reader, June 16, 1995.^ a b Hirsch (1997), p. 360.^ a b Villella, Fiona A. (January 2000). "Circular Narratives: Highlights of Popular Cinema in the '90s". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on November 26, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-31.^ Desser (2003), p. 519.^ a b Denby, David (2007-03-05). "The New Disorder". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ Elley, Derek (2006-05-14). "Who Launched Whom?". Variety. Retrieved 2007-09-18.^ Biskind (2004), p. 195.^ Biskind (2004), p. 193.^ Koehler, Robert (2001-03-07). "For Art's Sake". Variety. Retrieved 2007-09-21.^ Samuels, Mark (2006-11-08). " Pulp Fiction ". Total Film. Retrieved 2007-09-21. For musical influence, see, e.g., Sarig, Roni (1996). "Fun Lovin' Criminals— Come Find Yourself ". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2008-06-21. Retrieved 2007-10-08.^ Butler, Robert W. " Pulp Fiction Is a Cultural Phenomenon—And That's a Fact", Kansas City Star, March 17, 1996.^ Ebert, Roger (2001-06-10). "Great Movies: Pulp Fiction (1994)". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2006-12-29.^ a b "All-Time 100 Movies: Pulp Fiction (1994)". Time. 2005-02-12. Retrieved 2007-05-15.^ a b Collis, Clark; et al. (2008-06-16). "100 New Movie Classics: The Top 25—1. Pulp Fiction ". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-07-01.^ See, e.g., Wilson, Bee (2007-02-14). "The Joy and Horror of Junk Food". Times Literary Supplement. London. Retrieved 2007-10-11. Gates, Anita (2004-08-01). "Movies: Critic's Choice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-11.^ Rea, Steven (2010-02-05). "Travolta, Rhys Meyers Pummel Paris". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2010-02-09.^ Waxman (2005), p. 72. Waxman misidentifies the list, which appeared in Premiere ' s March 2003 issue, as "100 Most Memorable Movie Scenes".^ Laverick, Daniel. "Selling a Movie in Two Minutes—The Modern Day Film Trailer". Close-Up Film. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-11.^ "Iconic Banksy Image Painted Over". BBC News. 2007-04-20. Retrieved 2007-09-11.^ Dinshaw (1997), p. 116.^ " " Napalm" Speech Tops Movie Poll". BBC News. 2004-01-02. Retrieved 2007-09-19.^ "AFI's 10 Top 10". American Film Institute. 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2008-06-18.^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies—10th Anniversary Edition". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2007-09-20.^ "Metacritic.com's List of All-Time High Scores". Retrieved 2010-01-23.^ "The 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time". Empire. September 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-13.^ Mueller, Matt (2006-10-17). " Total Film Presents The Top 100 Movies Of All Time". Total Film. Retrieved 2007-09-21.^ " Star Wars Voted Best Film Ever". BBC News. 2001-11-26. Retrieved 2007-09-14.^ Quoted in O'Brien (1994), p. 90.^ O'Brien (1994), pp. 90, 91.^ O'Brien (1994), p. 91.^ French, Philip (2006-03-26). " Pulp Fiction ". The Observer. London. Retrieved 2008-12-28.^ Mottram (2006), p. 228. See also p. 77.^ Martin Scorsese (guest host), Roger Ebert (host) (2000-02-26). "Martin Scorsese's Best Films of the '90s". Roger Ebert & the Movies. Season 1. Episode 26.^ Kolker (2000), p. 249.^ a b Kolker (2000), p. 281.^ Rubin (1999), p. 174.^ Tarantino (1994), pp. 24, 27; Conard (2006), p. 108.^ Walker (2005), p. 315.^ Hirsch (1997), pp. 360, 340.^ Constable (2004), p. 54.^ Conard (2006), p. 125.^ Alleva, Richard (1994-11-18). " Pulp Fiction ". Commonweal. Archived from the original on 2007-11-30. Retrieved 2007-10-08.^ a b c Stone, Alan (April–May 1995). " Pulp Fiction ". Boston Review. Retrieved 2007-09-18.^ Kolker (2000), pp. 249, 250.^ a b Kolker (2000), p. 250.^ Giroux (1996), p. 77.^ [Pamela H. Demory, "Violence and Transcendence in Pulp Fiction and Flannery O'Connor" in The Image of Violence in Literature, the Media, and Society: Selected Papers [from the] 1995 Conference [of the] Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Social Imagery, ed. and intro., Will Wright and Steven Kaplan (Pueblo, Co.: Society for the Interdisciplinary Study of Social Imagery, 1995): 187-194. ]^ [Quoted in Flannery O'Connor: An Annotated Reference Guide to Criticism, ed. R. Neil Scott (Milledgeville, Georgia: Timberlane Books, 2002), p. 185]^ Groth (1997), p. 189.^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 9, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Charyn (2006), p. 106.^ a b Tincknell (2006), p. 140.^ Dawson (1995), p. 178; Polan (2000), p. 19.^ a b c d e f g White (2002), p. 342.^ a b c d e f Fulwood (2003), p. 22.^ Groth (1997), pp. 188–9; Dinshaw (1997), p. 186; Mottram (2006), pp. 75–76. For Tarantino's admiration of Siegel, see Dawson (1995), p. 142.^ Bell (2000), p. 87.^ Miller (1999), p. 76.^ Giroux (1996), p. 78.^ Groth (1997), p. 188.^ Rolling Stone, November 3, 1994, p110^ Conard (2006), pp. 125, 133.^ Miklitsch, pp. 15, 16. Note that while the Three Stooges did have an original TV series that ran briefly in the mid-1960s, they were most familiar from their cinematic shorts that were syndicated to television.^ a b Miklitsch, p. 16.^ a b Willis (1997), p. 195.^ Tarantino (1994), p. 28.^ Gallefant (2006), p. 46.^ "What's In the Briefcase?". Snopes.com. 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2007-09-13.^ "Rodriguez and Tarantino: Artist On Artist". My Space.com. April 6, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-13.^ See, e.g., Groth (1997), p. 188; Polan (2000), p. 20; "What's in the Briefcase in Pulp Fiction ?". The Straight Dope. 2000-05-31. Retrieved 2007-09-18.^ Nick Cowen; Hari Patience (Aug 16, 2008). "Wheels on Film: Repo Man". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-07-14.^ Gormley (2005), p. 164.^ Ebert 1997, p. 188.^ Reinhartz (2003), p. 108.^ "The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, 25". The Holy Bible: King James Version. Retrieved 2007-09-13.^ Thomas (2003) notes that instead of "the Lord", this version reads "... and they shall know that I am Chiba the Bodyguard ..." (pp. 61–62). Conard (2006) claims that the text originates from the film Bodigaado Kiba ( Bodyguard Kiba or The Bodyguard; 1973) and that the end phrase there is "And you will know my name is Chiba the Bodyguard ..." (p. 135, n. 4).^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 4, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Enhanced Trivia Track, ch. 25, Pulp Fiction DVD (Buena Vista Home Entertainment).^ Gormley (2005), p. 167.^ Reinhartz (2003), pp. 106, 107.^ Conard (2006), p. 130.^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "Allusion Profusion ( Ed Wood, Pulp Fiction )", Chicago Reader, October 21, 1994. Note that the avowed inspiration is actually a TV show, Kung Fu.^ White, Mike & Mike Thompson (Spring 1995). "Tarantino in a Can?". Cashiers du Cinemart. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2006-12-31.^ a b Fraiman (2003), p. 15.^ a b Brooker and Brooker (1996), p. 239.^ Fraiman (2003), p. 14. Fraiman's identification of the submachine gun as a Czech M61 matches the description in the screenplay: Tarantino (1994), p. 96. Visual evidence suggests that a different gun was actually used in the film, possibly a MAC-10 or similar model.^ "Awards Search/ Pulp Fiction ". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved 2007-09-12.^ a b Maslin, Janet (1995-01-04). " " Pulp Fiction" Gets Top Prize From National Film Critics". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-27. Bibliography Bailey, Jason (2013). Pulp Fiction: The Complete Story of Quentin Tarantino's Masterpiece (Voyageur Press). ISBN 0-7603-4479-5Barker, Martin, and Thomas Austin (2000). From Antz to Titanic: Reinventing Film Analysis (Pluto Press). ISBN 0-7453-1579-8Bart, Peter (2000). The Gross: The Hits, the Flops—The Summer That Ate Hollywood (New York: St. Martin's). ISBN 0-312-25391-5Bell, David (2000). "Eroticizing the Rural", in De-Centering Sexualities: Politics and Representations Beyond the Metropolis, ed. David Shuttleton, Diane Watt, and Richard Phillips (London and New York: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-19466-0Biskind, Peter (2004). Down and Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance, and the Rise of Independent Film (New York: Simon & Schuster). ISBN 0-684-86259-XBrooker, Peter, and Will Brooker (1996). "Pulpmodernism: Tarantino's Affirmative Action", in Film Theory: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies, ed. Philip Simpson, Andrew Utterson, and Karen J. Shepherdson (London and New York: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-25971-1Charyn, Jerome (2006). Raised by Wolves: The Turbulent Art and Times of Quentin Tarantino (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press). ISBN 1-56025-858-6Christopher, Nicholas (2006). Somewhere in the Night: Film Noir and the American City (Emeryville, Calif.: Shoemaker & Hoard). ISBN 1-59376-097-3Conard, Mark T. (2006). "Symbolism, Meaning, and Nihilism in Pulp Fiction ", in The Philosophy of Film Noir, ed. Mark T. Conard (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky). ISBN 0-8131-2377-1Constable, Catherine (2004). "Postmodernism and Film", in The Cambridge Companion to Postmodernism, ed. Steven Connor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-64840-8Dancyger, Ken (2002). The Technique of Film and Video Editing: History, Theory, and Practice, 3d ed. (New York: Focal Press). ISBN 0-240-80420-1Dargis, Manohla (1994a). "Pulp Instincts", Sight and Sound 4, no. 5 (May). Collected in Quentin Tarantino: Interviews, ed. Gerald Peary (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998). ISBN 1-57806-051-6Dargis, Manohla (1994b). "Quentin Tarantino on Pulp Fiction ", Sight and Sound 4, no. 11 (November). Davis, Todd F., and Kenneth Womack (1998). "Shepherding the Weak: The Ethics of Redemption in Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction ", Literature/Film Quarterly 26, no. 1. Dawson, Jeff (1995). Quentin Tarantino: The Cinema of Cool (New York and London: Applause). ISBN 1-55783-227-7Desser, David (2003). "Global Noir: Genre Film in the Age of Transnationalism", in Film Genre Reader III, ed. Barry Keith Grant (Austin: University of Texas Press). ISBN 0-292-70185-3Dinshaw, Carolyn (1997). "Getting Medieval: Pulp Fiction, Gawain, Foucault", in The Book and the Body, ed. Dolores Warwick Frese and Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press). ISBN 0-268-00700-4Ebert, Roger (1997). Questions for the Movie Answer Man (Kansas City, Mo. : Andrews Mc Meel). ISBN 0-8362-2894-4Fraiman, Susan (2003). Cool Men and the Second Sex (New York: Columbia University Press). ISBN 0-231-12962-9Fulwood, Neil (2003). One Hundred Violent Films that Changed Cinema (London and New York: Batsford/Sterling). ISBN 0-7134-8819-0Gallafent, Edward (2006). Quentin Tarantino (London: Pearson Longman). ISBN 0-582-47304-7Giroux, Henry A. (1996). Fugitive Cultures: Race, Violence, and Youth (London and New York: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-91577-5Gormley, Paul (2005). The New-Brutality Film: Race and Affect in Contemporary Hollywood Cinema (Bristol, UK, and Portland, Ore.: Intellect). ISBN 1-84150-119-0Groth, Gary (1997). "A Dream of Perfect Reception: The Movies of Quentin Tarantino", in Commodify Your Dissent: Salvos from The Baffler, ed. Thomas Frank and Matt Weiland (New York: W. W. Norton). ISBN 0-393-31673-4Hirsch, Foster (1997). "Afterword", in Crime Movies, exp. ed., Carlos Clarens (Cambridge, Mass. : Da Capo). ISBN 0-306-80768-8Hoffman, David (2005). The Breakfast Cereal Gourmet (Kansas City, Mo. : Andrews Mc Meel). ISBN 0-7407-5029-1King, Geoff (2002). Film Comedy (London: Wallflower Press). ISBN 1-903364-35-3Kolker, Robert (2000). A Cinema of Loneliness: Penn, Stone, Kubrick, Scorsese, Spielberg, Altman, 3d ed. (New York: Oxford University Press). ISBN 0-19-512350-6Miller, Stephen Paul (1999). The Seventies Now: Culture As Surveillance (Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press). ISBN 0-8223-2166-1Mottram, James (2006). The Sundance Kids: How the Mavericks Took Back Hollywood (New York: Macmillan). ISBN 0-571-22267-6O'Brien, Geoffrey (1994). "Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fantastic", in Castaways of the Image Planet: Movies, Show Business, Public Spectacle (Washington, D. C.: Counterpoint). ISBN 1-58243-190-6Parker, Philip (2002). The Art and Science of Screenwriting, 2d ed. (Bristol, UK: Intellect). ISBN 1-84150-065-8Polan, Dana. (2000). Pulp Fiction (London: BFI). ISBN 0-85170-808-0Rabinowitz, Paula (2002). Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism (New York: Columbia University Press). ISBN 0-231-11480-XReal, Michael R. (1996). Exploring Media Culture: A Guide (Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage). ISBN 0-8039-5877-3Reinhartz, Adele (2003). Scripture on the Silver Screen (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press). ISBN 0-664-22359-1Rubin, Nathan (1999). Thrillers (Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-58839-1Silver, Alain, and James Ursini (2004). Film Noir (Cologne: Taschen). ISBN 3-8228-2261-2Tarantino, Quentin (1994). Pulp Fiction: A Screenplay (New York: Hyperion/Miramax). ISBN 0-7868-8104-6Thomas, Brian (2003). Video Hound's Dragon: Asian Action & Cult Flicks (Canton, Mich.: Visible Ink Press). ISBN 1-57859-141-4Tincknell, Estella (2006). "The Soundtrack Movie, Nostalgia and Consumption", in Film's Musical Moments, ed. Ian Conrich and Estella Tincknell (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press). ISBN 0-7486-2344-2Walker, David (2005). "Tarantino, Quentin", in The Routledge Companion to Postmodernism, 2d ed., ed. Stuart Sim (London and New York: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-33358-XWaxman, Sharon (2005). Rebels on the Backlot: Six Maverick Directors and How They Conquered the Hollywood Studio System (New York: Harper Collins). ISBN 0-06-054017-6White, Glyn (2002). "Quentin Tarantino", in Fifty Contemporary Filmmakers, ed. Yvonne Tasker (London and New York: Routledge). ISBN 0-415-18973-XWillis, Sharon (1997). High Contrast: Race and Gender in Contemporary Hollywood Film (Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press). ISBN 0-8223-2041-XExternal links Wikiquote has quotations related to: Pulp Fiction Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pulp Fiction (1994). Official website Pulp Fiction at the American Film Institute Catalog Pulp Fiction on IMDb Pulp Fiction at All Movie Pulp Fiction at Box Office Mojo Pulp Fiction at Metacritic Pulp Fiction at Rotten Tomatoes Pulp Fiction bibliography (via UC Berkeley)Discussion of Pulp Fiction use of Ezekiel 25:17 at Bibledex.com [ show]v t e Quentin Tarantino [ show]v t e Films by Roger Avary [ show]Awards for Pulp Fiction Authority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 316752351 GND: 4392032-9Categories:1994 films English-language films 1990s comedy-drama films 1990s criminal comedy films A Band Apart films American anthology films American black comedy films American comedy-drama films American criminal comedy films American films American independent films Anthony Award-winning works Edgar Award-winning works Films about African-American organized crime Films about contract killing Films about drugs Films directed by Quentin Tarantino Films set in Los Angeles Films shot in Los Angeles Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay BAFTA Award Independent Spirit Award for Best Film winners Miramax films Nonlinear narrative films Palme d'Or winners Postmodern films Rape in film Screenplays by Quentin Tarantino United States National Film Registry films
Oracle 备份常用命令 Oracle 也是常用的数据库之一,备份起来的话有时候是否感到棘手? 保存好以下信息,相信能助你一臂之力。一.常用的备份命令 1.list backup;列出数据库中所有的备份信息。 2.list backup of controlfile;列出所有备份的控制文件。 3.list backup of datafile ' 或者 list backup of datafile 对应数据文件的 ID 号。数据文件全路径.dbf';列出指定的备份的数据文件。 4.list backup of archivelog all;列出所有备份的归档文件。 5.list copy of tablespace '表空间名';列出指定表空间的备份信息。 6.list expired backup;列出无效备份。 7.delete obsolete;删除过期备份。 8.delete expired backup;删除无效备份。 9.delete expired copy;删除 expired 副本。 10.delete backupset 备份集编号;删除指定备份集。 11.delete backup;删除所有备份集。 12.delete copy;删除所有映像副本。 13.report need backup;查看所需要的备份文件 14.report need backup tablespace 表空间名;查看指定表空间是否需要备份。 15.crosscheck archivelog all;检查归档文件是否有效 16.crosscheck backup;检查所有备份集。 RMAN 相关的 list backup of database(查看数据库的全库备份,全部细节都包括) list backup of tablespace users (查看 users 表空间的备份) list backup of datafile 5;(5 是表空间对应的文件 id) list backup of controlfile(看出控制文信息的备份) list backup of datafile '+DATADG/cboms/datafile/users.264.735423243';(根据具体的数据文件的具体位置,查看备份) list expired backup;(无效的备份) list expired archivelog all;(查看无效的 archive log 日志) list backup of database summary(这个是对概况性的,对数据库有个直观,全面的了解) list backup of database summary list backup of archivelog all summary list backup of tablespace users summary list backup of datafile 5 summary crosscheck archivelog all;验证 DB 的归档日志时候缺失 crosscheck backup;验证数据库备份集的是否缺失 delete expired archivelog all;命令删除所有过期的归档日志 RMAN> crosscheck backup; using channel ORA_DISK_1 crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE' backup piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/DBTEST/backupset/2012_04_21/o1_m f_nnndf_TAG20120421T153359_7s4rq7v6_.bkp recid=22 stamp=781198439 crosschecked backup piece: found to be'AVAILABLE' backup piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/DBTEST/backupset/2012_04_21/o1_m f_ncnnf_TAG20120421T153359_7s4rsm9k_.bkp recid=23 stamp=781198515 Crosschecked 2 objects RMAN> 17.修改备份状态用 CHANGE,如修改表空间 RMAN> backup tablespace users format '/backup/rmanbackup/userscp'; Starting backup at 21-APR-12 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-APR-12 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-APR-12 piece handle=/backup/rmanbackup/userscp tag=TAG20120421T155115 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 21-APR-12 RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------24 Full 2.02M DISK 00:00:00 21-APR-12 BP Key: 28 Status:AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120421T155115 Piece Name: /backup/rmanbackup/userscp List of Datafiles in backup set 24 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 4 Full 1388204 21-APR-12 /u01/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf RMAN> change backup of tablespace users unavailable; changed backup piece unavailable backup piece handle=/backup/rmanbackup/userscp recid=28 stamp=781199475 Changed 1 objects to UNAVAILABLE status RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------24 Full 2.02M DISK 00:00:00 21-APR-12 BP Key: 28 Status:UNAVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120421T155115 Piece Name: /backup/rmanbackup/userscp List of Datafiles in backup set 24 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---4 Full 1388204 21-APR-12 /u01/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf RMAN> 如果没有指定表空间位置,来改变状态,不会成功。如: RMAN> change backupset 22 unavailable; RMAN-00571: ==================================================== ======= RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: ==================================================== ======= RMAN-03009: failure of unavailable command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 04/21/2012 15:46:29 ORA-19813: cannot have unavailable file /u01/flash_recovery_area/DBTEST/backupset/2012_04_21/o1_mf_annnn _TAG20120421T154318_7s4s8px3_.bkp in DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST 二.使用数据备份软件--多备份。下载多备份的客户端就可以开始轻松备份, 记不起的备份命令就让多备份帮你完成吧! 1.下载之后先解压,随后双击多备份的图标让其运行。随后弹出一个页面↓ 2.然后点击 oracle 3.选好临时文件目录备份之后就可以点击【保存】开始备份了 4.不用一会时间就备份成功了。所以,有时候选对了备份软件更是事半功倍呢。多备份不仅支持数据库备份,也支持文件类备份。同时,支持本地数据备份,云端备份及混合备份,基本上满足了绝大用户的需求。无论您是个人还是企业, 都可以使用多备份的客户端。心动不如行动,速速来备份吧!
`` Give Me One Reason '' is a song written and recorded by the American singer-songwriter Tracy Chapman . It was released on her 1995 album New Beginning , and as a single in 1996 , her first since 1992 's `` Dreaming on a World . '' It is also Chapman 's biggest US hit to date , reaching # 3 on the US Hot 100 . Chapman also performed the song six years before its release , on the December 16 , 1989 , episode of Saturday Night Live . A music video was released to promote the single . Chapman earned the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song for the track , that was also nominated for Record of the Year , Song of the Year and Female Rock Vocal Performance at the Grammy Awards of 1997 . A well known version of this song featuring Eric Clapton was released in 1999 in the compilation album A Very Special Christmas Live .
Grace period â The grace period is the number of days you have to pay your bill in full without triggering a finance charge. For example, the credit card company may say that you have 25 days from the statement date, provided you paid your previous balance in full by the due date. The statement date is on the bill.
Whatâs the Most Secure Web Browser? A new Google-funded study of browser security by security research firm Accuvant Labs crowned Chrome the champion of security features, and ranked Firefox below Internet Explorer in terms of protection available from web-borne threats. Predictably, Microsoft and Mozilla have different opinions on what makes a browser secure, and why Accuvant's findings are off base. All of this got us thinking about which browser is the most secure, and whether the security features listed in studies like this even matter to the rest of us. How Was the Study Performed? Accuvant looked at three browsers for its study: Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Internet Explorer. All three were tested and examined running in 32-bit Windows 7, and the research was wrapped up in July of 2011, so the current release versions of each browser at that time were the ones included in the report. Accuvant says they left out other browsers, like Safari and Opera, to save time, but they do plan to update their findings on the big three as more data becomes available and each development house improves on their application. Accuvant's study of browser security is probably the most comprehensive performed to date, even though other browsers and OSes weren't included. The researchers will be happy to tell you that they look deeper than bug-trackers and vulnerability lists, and try to get a bit more information about what makes a browser secure or vulnerable to threats—both current and in the future. Part of that effort led the researchers to examine how each browser performed when an intruder already had access a machine with each browser installed, and how much information they could obtain. What Did the Study Find? Accuvant researchers determined that Google Chrome had the most new and effective security features aimed at protecting users from malicious code and scripts embedded in web pages, or automatically downloaded and executed as part of the sites they visit. They examined three major areas: Sandboxing, or the method by which a browser limits access to system resources and data beyond the confines of the browser, was one area of significant difference. Researchers found Chrome was most effective of all three browsers at keeping an intruder away from private data not associated with the browser. Internet Explorer also has sandboxing features but researchers claimed intruders are given some file-reading abilities even if they are prevented from installing software. Firefox, on the other hand, is simply listed as "unimplemented or ineffective. "Just-In-Time (JIT) Hardening, which keeps the browser from compiling Java Script that cannot be run on the user's computer, was another area where Chrome and IE were on par, but Firefox fell far behind. Plug-In Security was another area where Chrome rose above its competition, denying running plug-ins from installing additional software and from running scripts that don't require user interaction while on a web site. In all three areas, Chrome came out on top. The researchers tied Chrome with Internet Explorer in Sandboxing and JIT Hardening, but point out that Chrome was just a bit better in both areas. In all three areas, Firefox got the lowest marks. In other areas however, all three browsers tied, and in one area at least, URL Blacklisting, all three browsers got poor marks, although the researchers again pointed out that Chrome did better than the other two—just that none of them did blacklisting very well. Ultimately, Accuvant's researchers gave Chrome the top spot, with Internet Explorer right behind it. They pointed to Google's ability to build Chrome from the ground up, from scratch, without having to deal with legacy code or shoehorn in older capabilities the way Microsoft and Mozilla have with Internet Explorer and Firefox. Essentially, according to the research team, Chrome is the most secure because Google was able to write it with a fresh perspective and security in mind, without baggage to bring along. What Do Mozilla and Microsoft Say About This? Mozilla's Director of Firefox Development, Johnathan Nightingale, responded to the study in in an article at Forbes, and said "Firefox includes a broad array of technologies to eliminate or reduce security threats, from platform level features like address space randomization to internal systems like our layout frame poisoning system. Sandboxing is a useful addition to that toolbox that we are investigating, but no technology is a silver bullet. We invest in security throughout the development process with internal and external code reviews, constant testing and analysis of running code, and rapid response to security issues when they emerge. We're proud of our reputation on security, and it remains a central priority for Firefox. "Similarly, Microsoft pointed to a study by NSS Labs that showed Internet Explorer dominating all of its rivals—including Firefox and Chrome—at protecting user systems from malware. However, just as the Accuvant study was sponsored and commissioned by Google, NSS Labs' studies are often paid for by Microsoft, so there's plenty of skepticism to go around. How Impartial Is the Study? Accuvant is a well-respected security and research firm, and they've gone to great lengths to make not only the full text of the study available, but also the tools used and the supporting data behind the study in case other researchers want to examine their findings. Google and Accuvant both explained that even though they commissioned the study, they knew that if the results were in their favor, that fact would cast doubt on the merits of the result. Accuvant explained in an article at Ars Technica that Google gave them more than a wide berth to do the research, and insisted that the study be an impartial look at the state of browser security. Accuvant, for its part, has also put its reputation on the line, stating the study is representative of their company and its quality of work, and they stand behind it. Whether Google was so open about the study being independant because they knew the testing methodology and the fact that their codebase put them at an advantage is another story, but as of now, no one's criticising Accuvant's results or methodology. The real question however, is how much should you or I care? Does Any of This Matter? What Should I Do? In the end, the study is important, but the real lynch-pin of browser security is—and always has been—the user behind the keyboard. Chrome may be on top now, but Microsoft and Mozilla will make changes to address as a result of the findings. Accuvant's methodology assumes your system is compromised, and also assumes that you have no other protection besides the browser's own security features to protect you, both of which aren't likely true for most users. In the interim, this study will wind up being used as cannon fodder in the browser wars, with one browser's fans firing it at another's without ever bothering to read it. For the most part, browser security is a matter of user responsibility. Make sure you surf responsibly, and use SSL whenever possible. Don't accept, run, or even download anything if you're not sure what it is or why you were prompted to download a file, and only keep the extensions and add-ons running that you need on a daily basis. Firefox users can use extensions like HTTPS Everywhere to browse securely whenever a secure session is available and on services that allow you to turn on SSL, and use an extension like No Script to stop malicious Java Script in its tracks. Chrome users can get similar functionality with add-ons like Not Script or Script No, which do very similar things. In the end, browser security features only go so far to protect you, and as long as you take a cautious, skeptical, security focused approach to surfing, it likely won't matter which browser you use. HTTPS Everywhere Now Supports Secure Browsing on Over 1,000 Sites Firefox: Firefox extension HTTPS everywhere, which switches your browser to SSL automatically for…Read more What do you think of the study's findings? More ammunition for the browser wars, or does it actually set Chrome apart or Firefox below? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
Robert L. Smith -LRB- born 1965 -RRB- is a record producer and recording engineer in New York City , USA . His work includes producing , recording and mixing numerous Billboard top 100 charting songs including ` Teenage Dream ' and ` Hey , Soul Sister ' with The Warblers for hit television show Glee . Robert has worked on recording projects with Lady Gaga for the single ` Speechless ' which topped the Billboard Hot Singles Sales Chart in 2010 as well as tracks by Aerosmith , David Bowie , U2 and Stacie Rose . Robert 's Emmy Award nomination was earned for the documentary ` Full Battle Rattle ' with composer Paul Brill , for which Robert was Producer , Sound Recordist and Sound Mixer . Robert is a founding member of New York 's Pyramid Recording Collective , and has his own music production company called Defy Recordings .
Neuromuscular junction Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from dietary choline and acetyl-CoA (ACoA), and is involved in the stimulation of muscle tissue in vertebrates as well as in some invertebrate animals. In vertebrate animals, the acetylcholine receptor subtype that is found at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is a ligand-gated ion channel. Each subunit of this receptor has a characteristic "cys-loop", which is composed of a cysteine residue followed by 13 amino acid residues and another cysteine residue. The two cysteine residues form a disulfide linkage which results in the "cys-loop" receptor that is capable of binding acetylcholine and other ligands. These cys-loop receptors are found only in eukaryotes, but prokaryotes possess ACh receptors with similar properties.[3] Not all species use a cholinergic neuromuscular junction; e.g. crayfish and fruit flies have a glutamatergic neuromuscular junction.[2]
Please try again later. He is known as the Wolf of Wall Street, and Jordan Ross Belfort seems to have earned the title. The boy from Queens, New York, grew into a business man charged with swindling millions of dollars through his investment firm.n 1999, Belfort pleaded guilty to fraud and was sentenced to four years in prison and a $110 million fine. He served 22 months in jail and now lives in California to be near his children. The film called The Wolf of Wall street, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, came out in 2013.
Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists.
As of January 2017, a total of 61 Boeing 747 aircraft, or just under 4% of the total number of 747s built, first flown commercially in 1970, have been involved in accidents and incidents resulting in a hull loss, meaning that the aircraft has either been destroyed or has been damaged beyond economical repair. Of the 61 Boeing 747 aircraft losses, 32 resulted in no loss of life; in one, a hostage was murdered; and in one, a terrorist died. Some of the aircraft that were declared damaged beyond economical repair were older 747s that sustained relatively minor damage. Had these planes been newer it would have been economically viable to repair them, although with the 747's increasing obsolescence this is becoming less common. 747s have been involved in accidents resulting in the highest death toll of any aviation accident, the highest death toll of any single airplane accident and the highest death toll of a mid-air collision, although, as with most airliner accidents, the roots of causation in these incidents involved a confluence of multiple factors which rarely could be ascribed to flaws with the 747's design or its flying characteristics.
Washington - U.S. States - HISTORY.com Motto: Alki (“Bye and Bye”) Tree: Western Hemlock Bird: Willow Goldfinch Interesting Facts On January 26, 1700, a large earthquake 60 to 70 miles off the coast of the Pacific Northwest caused a tsunami roughly 33 feet high to engulf the Washington coastline. Ten hours later, the tsunami hit the main island of Japan with 6-to-10 foot swells. In 1836, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman established a mission at Waiilatpu on the Walla Walla River to bring Christianity to the Cayuse Indians. When an increasing number of colonists migrated to the area and an epidemic of measles spared the lives of white children but killed almost all Cayuse offspring, Chief Tiloukaikt and several members of his tribe became infuriated, and, on November 29, 1847, killed the Whitmans along with 12 other settlers. The Whitman Massacre, as it became known, resulted in the Cayuse War and, ultimately, the dissolution of the Cayuse tribe. Seattle’s Great Fire, which destroyed 64 acres and many businesses, began on June 6, 1889, after a pot of glue from a cabinet shop burst into flames. In an attempt at honoring her father—a Civil War veteran who had raised six children by himself after his wife died in childbirth—Spokane resident Sonora Smart Dodd garnered support for the first statewide Father’s Day celebration on June 19, 1910. Afterward, Dodd continued to press for a national observance; although the idea was backed by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916 and President Calvin Coolidge in 1924, Father’s Day did not become a federal holiday until 1972. Boeing’s Everett factory, where twin-aisle airplanes are manufactured, is the world’s largest building by volume, covering 98.3 acres and encompassing 472 million cubic feet of space. More than 100,000 people tour the plant each year. Washington is the nation’s leading producer of apples, pears, sweet cherries, red raspberries and hops. In 2010, the state’s apple harvest generated $1.44 billion. Eight national parks and 68 state parks border Puget Sound, which spans 2,500 miles of shoreline and helps to generate $20 billion of economic activity for the state of Washington. The Seattle Space Needle, built for the 1962 World’s Fair, is an iconic part of the city’s skyline and features a rotating restaurant at the top. Tags
Napoleon had a civil marriage with Joséphine de Beauharnais, without religious ceremony. During the campaign in Egypt, Napoleon showed much tolerance towards religion for a revolutionary general, holding discussions with Muslim scholars and ordering religious celebrations, but General Dupuy, who accompanied Napoleon, revealed, shortly after Pope Pius VI's death, the political reasons for such behaviour: "We are fooling Egyptians with our pretended interest for their religion; neither Bonaparte nor we believe in this religion more than we did in Pius the Defunct's one".[note 8] In his memoirs, Bonaparte's secretary Bourienne wrote about Napoleon's religious interests in the same vein. His religious opportunism is epitomized in his famous quote: "It is by making myself Catholic that I brought peace to Brittany and Vendée. It is by making myself Italian that I won minds in Italy. It is by making myself a Moslem that I established myself in Egypt. If I governed a nation of Jews, I should reestablish the Temple of Solomon." However, according to Juan Cole, "Bonaparte's admiration for the Prophet Muhammad, in contrast, was genuine" and during his captivity on St Helena he defended him against Voltaire's critical play Mahomet.
Winnie the Pooh is a 2011 American animated buddy musical comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 51st Disney animated feature film . Inspired by A. A. Milne 's stories of the same name , the film is part of Disney 's Winnie the Pooh franchise , the fifth theatrical Winnie the Pooh film released , and Walt Disney Animation Studios ' second adaptation of Winnie-the-Pooh stories . Jim Cummings reprises his vocal roles as Winnie the Pooh and Tigger , while series newcomers Travis Oates , Tom Kenny , Craig Ferguson , Bud Luckey , and Kristen Anderson-Lopez provide the voices of Piglet , Rabbit , Owl , Eeyore , and Kanga , respectively . In the film , the aforementioned residents of the Hundred Acre Wood embark on a quest to save Christopher Robin from an imaginary culprit while Pooh deals with a hunger for honey . The film is directed by Stephen Anderson and Don Hall , adapted from Milne 's books by a story team led by Burny Mattinson , produced by Peter Del Vecho , Clark Spencer , John Lasseter , and Craig Sost , and narrated by John Cleese . The film was released on April 15 , 2011 in the United Kingdom , and on July 15 , 2011 in the United States . Production for the film began in September 2009 with John Lasseter announcing that they wanted to create a film that would `` transcend generations . '' The film also features six songs by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez , as well as a rendition of the Sherman Brothers ' `` Winnie the Pooh '' theme song by actress and musician Zooey Deschanel . The film is dedicated to Dan Read , who had worked on Disney films including The Emperor 's New Groove and Chicken Little , and died on May 25 , 2010 . That was also Huell Howser 's -LRB- who voices the Backson in the epilogue -RRB- first and only film role .
The Raid on Symi also known as Operation Tenement took place from 13 to the 15 July 1944 as part of the Mediterranean Campaign in World War II . The action was a combined operation conducted by two Allied special forces , the British Special Boat Service and the Greek Sacred Band , who raided the German and Italian garrisons at the island of Symi in the Aegean Sea . During the incursion the German and Italian troops in the island were overwhelmed and the military facilities and German vessels destroyed within a few days . After achieving a total success , the British and Greek forces evacuated Symi as planned .
France in the American Revolutionary War During the American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence; 1775–1783), France recognized and allied itself with the United States in 1778, declared war on Great Britain, and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic. French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long-term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France obtained its revenge, but materially it gained little and was left with over 1 billion livres in debts.
The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.
Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.
The Office (U.S. season 7) The seventh season of the American television comedy The Office premiered on September 23, 2010 and concluded on May 19, 2011 on NBC. The season consisted of 26 half-hours of material, divided into 22 half-hour episodes and two hour-long episodes. The seventh season aired on Thursdays at 9:00Â p.m. (ET) as part of Comedy Night Done Right.[1] This was the last season to feature Michael Scott, played by Steve Carell, as the lead character. The seventh season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 7, 2011.[2]
10 most extreme places on Earth. The spine, alternately known as the vertebral column or backbone, is the structure that encloses and protects the spinal cord, which is the bundle of nerves that transmits signals from the brain to the rest of the body. The human spine serves to protect the bundle of nerves known as the spinal cord. 2 The spine is a central and crucial connector within the human skeletal structure.
Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India The 42nd amendment to Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Forty-second amendment) Act, 1976, was enacted during the Emergency (25 June 1975 â€“ 21 March 1977) by the Indian National Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi.[1] Most provisions of the amendment came into effect on 3 January 1977, others were enforced from 1 February and Section 27 came into force on 1 April 1977. The 42nd Amendment is regarded as the most controversial constitutional amendment in Indian history. It attempted to reduce the power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to pronounce upon the constitutional validity of laws. It laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation. This amendment brought about the most widespread changes to the Constitution in its history, and is sometimes called a "mini-Constitution" or the "Constitution of Indira".[2]
Emma Frith Bridgwater -LRB- 10 November 1906 -- 13 March 1999 -RRB- , known as Emmy Bridgwater , was an English artist and poet associated with the Surrealist movement . Based at times in both Birmingham and London , she was a significant member of the Birmingham Surrealists and of the London-based British Surrealist Group , and was an important link between the surrealists of the two cities . Michel Remy , professor of art history at the University of Nice and author of Surrealism in Britain , describes her influence as `` of the same importance to British surrealism as the arrival of Dalí in the ranks of the French surrealists '' .
Base on balls Receiving a base on balls does not count as a hit or an at bat for a batter but does count as a time on basebut doesn't count as a plate appearance. Therefore, a base on balls does not affect a player's batting average, but it can increase his on-base percentage.[8]
Oldest dated rocks The oldest dated rocks on Earth, as an aggregate of minerals that have not been subsequently broken down by erosion or melted, are more than 4 billion years old, formed during the Hadean Eon of Earth's geological history. Such rocks are exposed on the Earth's surface in very few places. Some of the oldest surface rock can be found in the Canadian Shield, Australia, Africa and in a few other old regions around the world. The ages of these felsic rocks are generally between 2.5 and 3.8 billion years. The approximate ages have a margin of error of millions of years. In 1999, the oldest known rock on Earth was dated to 4.031 Â±0.003 billion years, and is part of the Acasta Gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada.[1] Researchers at McGill University found a rock with a very old model age for extraction from the mantle (3.8 to 4.28 billion years ago) in the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt on the coast of Hudson Bay, in northern Quebec;[2] the true age of these samples is still under debate, and they may actually be closer to 3.8 billion years old.[3] Older than these rocks are crystals of the mineral zircon, which can survive the disaggregation of their parent rock and be found and dated in younger rock formations.
I Gotta Feeling "I Gotta Feeling" is the second single from The Black Eyed Peas' fifth album The E.N.D., produced by French DJ David Guetta.[2] The song was released on June 23, 2009[3] and debuted at number two on the Canadian and Billboard Hot 100 on the week of June 27, 2009, behind the group's "Boom Boom Pow", making the group one of 11 artists who have occupied the top two positions of the Billboard Hot 100 at the same time. The song samples "Take A Dive" by Bryan Pringle. It later reached number one on the US charts and 20 charts worldwide.
Fair trade cocoa ' is an agricultural product harvested from the cacao tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers , buyers , and chocolate manufacturers , and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families . Companies that use fair trade certified cocoa to create products can advertise that they are contributing to social , economic , and environmental sustainability in agriculture .
What Is the Second-Largest Planet in the Solar System? Science Astronomy Planets Q: What Is the Second-Largest Planet in the Solar System? A: Quick Answer Saturn is the second-largest planet in the solar system by both volume and mass. It is 95 times the mass of the Earth, and it occupies 760 times the Earth's volume, according to Space.com. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Is the Heaviest Planet in the Solar System? What Are the Names of the Nine Planets in the Solar System? How Many Planets in the Solar System Have Rings Around Them? Full Answer Like Jupiter, the largest planet, Saturn is a gas giant that lacks a solid surface. The planet is made up almost entirely of hydrogen and helium with some trace elements present in small quantities. Space.com reports that Saturn has 53 moons, which is the highest number known for any planet, and rings made predominantly of dirty ice. It is also the second-fastest spinning planet, with Jupiter being the fastest. Learn more about Planets Sources: space.com Related Questions Q: What Are the Names of the Planets in This Solar System in Order From the Biggest to the Smallest? A: From largest to smallest, based on total circumference, the planets that make up this solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: Which Is the Largest Planet in Our Solar System? A: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It is approximately 1,120 percent larger than planet Earth and has an estimated radius of 43,441 miles. Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: What Is the Largest Planet in the Solar System? A: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, with a radius of 43,441 miles. That is more than 10 times Earth's 3,359-mile radius, but it is also abou... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: What Is the Coldest Planet in Our Solar System? A: Neptune is the coldest planet in the solar system. As the planet furthest away from the Sun, Neptune receives less light than the other planets. Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets You May Also Like Q: What Are Some Interesting or Unique Features of Neptune? Q: Can Jupiter Support Life? Q: How Long Is a Day on Venus ? Q: What Is the Revolution Period of Mars? Q: What Is It Called When the Earth Makes a Complete Orbit Around the Sun? Q: What Is the Only Planet in the Solar System That Is Not Named After a Greek or Roman God?
This statistic shows the lifetime cost of keeping a pet in the United Kingdom as of 2015, by three of the leading pet types (dogs, cats and rabbits). According to estimates by the PDSA, the lifetime cost of keeping a cat is approximately 17,000 British pounds, while the cost of dogs can range from 16,000 to 31,000 pounds. Special Functions.
Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony (sometimes New Plymouth) was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement served as the capital of the colony and developed as the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern portion of the modern state of Massachusetts.
2008 Sichuan earthquake Over 69,000 people lost their lives in the quake, including 68,636 in Sichuan province. 374,176 were reported injured, with 18,222 listed as missing as of July 2008. The geohazards triggered by the earthquake are thought to be responsible for at least one third of the death toll. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.
Often, though, you can relieve that persistent cough with simple home remedies that will soothe your throat and help you breathe easier. However, if your cough persists or worsens, you should seek medical help. Drink plenty of water. The fluid will help flush out harmful bacteria or viruses and keep your throat moist.
Northbridge (computing) A northbridge or host bridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset architecture on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Unlike the southbridge, northbridge is connected directly to the CPU via the front-side bus (FSB) and is thus responsible for tasks that require the highest performance. The northbridge is usually paired with a southbridge, also known as I/O controller hub.[1] In systems where they are included, these two chips manage communications between the CPU and other parts of the motherboard, and constitute the core logic chipset of the PC motherboard.[2]
During 1824–28 Chopin spent his vacations away from Warsaw, at a number of locales.[n 4] In 1824 and 1825, at Szafarnia, he was a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate. Here for the first time he encountered Polish rural folk music. His letters home from Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier"), written in a very modern and lively Polish, amused his family with their spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers and demonstrated the youngster's literary gift.
Sinful Sweets is an American food-themed television series that airs on Cooking Channel . It is presented by chef Harry Eastwood . The series features her traveling the United States while indulging in various sweet desserts and baked goods , as well as her helping make the items . Sinful Sweets premiered on October 30 , 2015 .
Mater (Cars) Sir Tow Mater, KBE most commonly referred to as Tow Mater or simply Mater is a major character in Cars and its sequels, Cars 2 and Cars 3 as well as Cars Toons. He is voiced by Larry the Cable Guy and inspired by a 1956-57 International Harvester[1] tow truck. Portrayed as Holley Shiftwell's best friend and Lightning McQueen's best friend and sidekick, he had a breakout role in Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales and in other media related to Cars.
The Aldine Independent School District is a public school district based in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States. It serves portions of Houston and unincorporated Harris County. Aldine ISD serves the communities of Aldine, most of Greenspoint, most of East Aldine, and portions of Airline, Acres Homes, Kinwood, Bordersville, and Inwood Forest. The district is part of the taxation base for the Lone Star College System. As of August 2014, Dr. Wanda Bamberg serves as superintendent of schools.
In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0.
At the present time, blown in fiberglass and blown in cellulose are pretty close in price per square foot at the wholesale level, +/- 15%. That means installed costs for cellulose and fiberglass blown in insulation will be similar too.(Keep in mind that could still be a few hundred dollars difference between fiberglass and cellulose. Cellulose was half what fiberglass was about 15 years ago.).hat means installed costs for cellulose and fiberglass blown in insulation will be similar too. (Keep in mind that could still be a few hundred dollars difference between fiberglass and cellulose. Cellulose was half what fiberglass was about 15 years ago.).
No. 813 in a series of true experiences in real estate When we ran into a flat roof problem again, I wondered why anyone ever built houses with flat roofs? Probably flat is less expensive than building a pitch, but it seems like there are many issues with roofs that are flat. Water stands on them in puddles. Drains that should carry water off get clogged up and cause difficulties. Often the owners arenʼt even aware that water is seeping in. We often see flat-roofed stucco houses that have rot in the ceilings and walls. Weʼve seen a few that had such extensive damage that when the outside stucco was removed, there was hardly anything left behind it. Made us wonder what was keeping them upright. Clearly, anyone owning a house with a flat roof needs to be (ha, ha) on top of it. They must get up on that roof and make sure the drains are clear, the flashing secure with no cracks anywhere to let water run inside. We are not roofers. We know very little about the whys and wherefores of roofing methods and materials, but it seems pretty obvious that sloped roofs are more likely to readily shed water. Thatʼs what roofs are supposed to do, and when they donʼt — well, looking at houses for years has impressed us with what happens to sodden buildings. This most recent flat roof is the covering for only a portion of the house our buyers are buying, a part that is old and brittle, with tar that has cracked in spots. We arrive to do our physical inspection, and although it had not rained for some days, there were pools of water standing on it. When the inspector unclogged one of the roof drains, a great flood came noisily rushing through, out onto the ground. All of the ceilings inside this house are open — pretty fir finished with some sort of thinned whitewash. When we look carefully, we can see where the rain, sometime in the past, has come in. There are small, now dried, dribbles on the ceiling. The house needs a new roof. Simple enough: Call a roofer. We called several roofers. We asked about adding a slope to the roof so that gravity would carry the water away. We inquired about adding insulation to the roof. And, of course, we asked how much everything would cost. What we got were different opinions and different bids. Each roofer has his own best idea, strongly felt, about what to do. We heard about the joys and the application of traditional tar and gravel. And about roof systems that employ fabric and liquid plastics. There was talk of building up the flat section and of properly tying it into the rest of the roof. Also of flashing, ultraviolet rays, aluminum paint and evenly raked gravel. Downspouts and gutters, eaves and soffits, and rafter tails. It was mind-stuffing stuff. I donʼt know what was going on with everyone else, but I was beginning to feel like someone needing surgery — or maybe not. One doctor says, “Cut it out.” Another recommends, “Wait and see.” A friend says, “Donʼt listen to the medicos. Good nutrition is the key.” Worrying over a roof, even one that is actively leaking, is not in the same league, of course, as worrying over a personal illness. But water that is coming inside your living space can loom large, drip cold. That is why we and our buyers were taking this roof thing so seriously. We all stood in the empty living room of the house listening to dueling roofing contractors. By chance, two had arrived at the same time and now each enthusiastically defended his own (different) roof fix. The lady buyer wanted to get on with buying her house. On the other hand, she didnʼt want to do something stupid. Right then, what the man buyer wanted was simply to be told what would make the roof watertight. We must have been getting a little punchy. I loved it when our lady buyer asked what I thought was the best roof question of all: “When is it going to leak again?” I know she hoped for a reassuring answer. Perhaps, “No matter how much rain we get this winter, this roof is fine for another year.” But the contractors didnʼt seem to know this one. Of course, thatʼs how it is with houses. Nothing is exact, nothing predictable. Different parts fail at different ages. No doubt there are better ways to build houses in the first place and better ways to fix them when they get old. But how to figure it? Who to believe? You hope you make a good choice, something not terribly expensive yet durable, and to do so before any damage is done. Our buyers are thinking on it. The roof renewal, or revision, will work out. I do hope. Pat Talbert and Anet Tarpoff are residential real estate agents who can be reached at 510-653-2050 and at TarpoffandTalbert.com, where you can sign up to receive these columns via email.
Periodic table All the elements from atomic numbers 1 (hydrogen) through 118 (oganesson) have been either discovered or synthesized, completing the first seven rows of the periodic table.[1][2] The first 98 elements exist in nature, although some are found only in trace amounts and others were synthesized in laboratories before being found in nature.[n 1] Elements 99 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories or nuclear reactors.[3] The synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is currently being pursued: these elements would begin an eighth row, and theoretical work has been done to suggest possible candidates for this extension. Numerous synthetic radionuclides of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories.
The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early 7th century before the Khmer Empire, which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism. Apsara Dance, famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance.
Westwood Studios , Inc. was an American video game developer , based in Las Vegas , Nevada . It was founded by Brett Sperry and Louis Castle in 1985 as Westwood Associates and was renamed Westwood Studios when it merged with Virgin Interactive in 1992 . The company was bought from Virgin Interactive by Electronic Arts -LRB- EA -RRB- in 1998 , and closed by EA in 2003 . Westwood is best known for developing real-time strategy , adventure and role-playing genres . It was listed in Guinness World Records for selling more than 10 million copies of Command & Conquer worldwide . The last former Westwood employee quit working for Electronic Arts after the release of Command & Conquer : Generals in 2003 .
Marco Scandella was traded to the St. Louis Blues by the Montreal Canadiens on Tuesday for a second-round pick in the 2020 NHL Draft and a conditional fourth-round pick in the 2021 NHL Draft. Scandella is in the final season of a five-year contract he signed with the Minnesota Wild on Nov. 29, 2014 and can become an unrestricted free agent July 1. He was traded to the Canadiens by the Buffalo Sabres for a fourth-round pick in the 2020 NHL Draft on Jan. 2. The defenseman has 12 points (four goals, eight assists) in 51 games this season. [RELATED: 2019-20 NHL Trade Tracker] Selected by Minnesota in the second round (No. 55) of the 2008 NHL Draft, Scandella has 136 points (42 goals, 94 assists) in 569 regular-season games for the Wild, Sabres and Canadiens and nine points (six goals, three assists) in 39 Stanley Cup Playoff games. The Blues (32-17-10), tied with the Dallas Stars for first place in the Central Division and Western Conference, host the New Jersey Devils on Tuesday (8 p.m. ET; ESPN+, FS-MW, MSG+, NHL.TV). St. Louis is without defenseman Jay Bouwmeester, who had a cardiac episode during the first period of a game at the Anaheim Ducks on Feb. 11 and was placed on long-term injured reserve Tuesday.
Drinking too much milk from a bottle can lead to poor nutrition (such as low iron). Toddlers need to learn to drink from a cup. Offer small amounts of breastmilk, formula or tap water in a cup from six months of age. When your child starts drinking cowâs milk at 12 months of age, use a cup. A bottle is not needed.
Uzbekistan Banking Association -LRB- UBA -RRB- is a voluntary alliance of commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan and it represents a noncommercial public organization , which fulfils the tasks for protection of legitimate interests of banks , ensuring of national commercial bank 's conformity to the level of international standards with subsequent integration of banking sector in the world banking community . `` Uzbekistan Banking Association '' units 23 national commercial banks , which possess over 90 % of bank assets in the Republic of Uzbekistan . `` Uzbekistan Banking Association '' was first established in July 1995 , by edict of Presidents of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov .
Besthorpe is a small village in north-east Nottinghamshire close to the border with Lincolnshire. It is a Civil Parish in the Newark & Sherwood district of Nottinghamshire. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census is 195. The village is on the A1133 between Newark and Gainsborough, and is 1.5 miles north of the larger village of Collingham, North East of Newark on Trent. The village lies 1 mile east of the River Trent and the River Fleet flows South to East parallel with the village & A1133. Besthorpe acquired Conservation Village status in 2006 because it has maintained much of its original layout focused on Low Road and the Green.
5th century BC From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Millennium: 1st millennium BCCenturies:6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BCTimelines:6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BCState leaders:6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BCDecades:490s BC 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC440s BC 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BCCategories: Births – Deaths Establishments – Disestablishments The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. The Parthenon of Athens seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. Location 23°43'35.69"E 37°58'17.39"NThis century saw the establishment of Pataliputra as a capital of Magadha Empire. This city would later become the ruling capital of different Indian Kingdoms for about a thousand years. This period saw the rise of two great philosophical schools of the East, Jainism and Buddhism. This period saw Mahavira and Buddha spreading their respective teachings in Northern Plains of India. This essentially changed the socio-cultural and political dynamics of the region of South Asia. Buddhism would later go on to become one of the major world religions. This period also saw the work of Yaska, who created Nirukta, that would lay the foundation stone for Sanskrit grammar and is one of the oldest works on grammar known to mankind. This century is also traditionally recognized as the classical period of the Greeks, which would continue all the way through the 4th century until the time of Alexander the Great. The life of Socrates represented a major milestone in Greek philosophy though his teachings only survive through the work of his students, most notably Plato and Xenophon. The tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, as well as the comedian Aristophanes all date from this era and many of their works are still considered classics of the western theatrical canon. The Persian Wars, fought between a coalition of Greek cities and the vast Achaemenid Persian Empire was a pivotal moment in Greek politics. After having successfully prevented the annexation of Greece by the Persians, Sparta, the dominant power in the coalition, had no intention of further offensive action and considered the war over. Meanwhile, Athens counter-attacked, liberating Greek subjects of the Persian Empire up and down the Ionian coast and mobilizing a new coalition the Delian League. Tensions between Athens, and its growing imperialistic ambitions as leader of the Delian League, and the traditionally dominant Sparta led to a protracted stalemate in the Peloponnesian war. Contents [ hide ]1 Events1.1 490s BC1.2 480s BC1.3 470s BC1.4 460s BC1.5 450s BC1.6 440s BC1.7 430s BC1.8 420s BC1.9 410s BC1.10 400s BC2 Significant people2.1 Visual arts2.2 Literature2.3 Science and philosophy2.4 Sports3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions4 Sovereign states5 Decades and years6 References Events [ edit]Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt.490s BC [ edit]499 BC: Aristagoras, acting on behalf of the Persian Empire, leads a failed attack on the rebellious island of Naxos.499 BC: Aristagoras instigates the Ionian Revolt, beginning the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia.499 BC: Sardis sacked by Athenian and Ionian troops.498 BC: Leontini subjugated by Hippocrates of Gela.498 BC: Alexander I succeeds his father Amyntas I as king of Macedon.496 BC: Battle of Lake Regillus: A legendary early Roman victory, won over either the Etruscans or the Latins.496 BC: Sophocles is born.495 BC: Temple to Mercury on the Circus Maximus in Rome is built.494 BC: The Battle of Lade, where Persians take back Ionia.494 BC: Two tribunes of the plebs and two plebeian aediles are elected for the first time in Rome: the office of the tribunate is established.494 BC: The year Rome changed from an Aristocratic Republic to a Liberalized Republic.493 BC: Piraeus, the port town of Athens, is founded.493 BC: Coriolanus captures the Volscian town of Corioli for Rome.492 BC: First expedition of King Darius I of Persia against Greece, under the leadership of his son-in-law Mardonius. This marks the start of the campaign that culminated in the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.491 BC: Leotychidas succeeds his cousin Demaratus as king of Sparta.491 BC: Gelo becomes Tyrant of Gela.490 BC: The Battle of Marathon, where Darius I of Persia is defeated by the Athenians and Plataeans under Miltiades490 BC: Phidippides runs 40 kilometers from Marathon to Athens to announce the news of the Greek victory; origin of the marathon long-distance race.480s BC [ edit]489 BC: Cities of Rhodes unite and start construction of the new city of Rhodes.488 BC: Leonidas I succeeds his brother Cleomenes I as king of Sparta after Cleomenes is judged insane.487 BC: Egypt revolts against the Persians.487 BC: Aegina and Athens go to war.487 BC: Athenian Archonship becomes elective by lot, an important milestone in the move towards radical Athenian democracy.486 BC: First part of the Grand Canal of China is built.486 BC: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as Great King of Persia.486 BC: Egypt revolts against Persian rule.486 BC: First Buddhist Council at Rejgaha, under the patronage of King Ajatasattu. Oral tradition established for the first time. October, 485 BC: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as King of Persia.484 BC: Athenian playwright Aeschylus wins a poetry prize.484 BC: Xerxes I abolishes the Kingdom of Babel and removes the golden statue of Bel ( Marduk, Merodach ).484 BC: Persians regain control of Egypt.483 BC: Gautama Buddha died.483 BC: Xerxes I of Persia starts planning his expedition against Greece481 BC: The Isthmus of Corinth ends a war between Athens and Aegina.480 BC: King Xerxes I of Persia sets out to conquer Greece.480 BC: Cimon and his friends burn horse-bridles as an offering to Athena and join the marines480 BC: Pleistarchus succeeds his father Leonidas I as king of Sparta. August, 480 BC: Battle of Artemisium —The Persian fleet fights an inconclusive battle with the Greek allied fleet. August 11, 480 BC: The Battle of Thermopylae, a costly victory by Persians over the Greeks. September 23, 480 BC: Battle of Salamis between Greece and Persia, leading to a Greek victory.480 BC: Battle of Himera —The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.480 BC: Roman troops march against the Veientines.470s BC [ edit]479 BC: The Battle of Plataea, the Greeks defeat the Persians, ending the Persian Wars.479 BC: Battle of Mycale.479 BC: Potidaea is struck by a tsunami.479 BC: Chinese philosopher Confucius dies.478 BC: Establishment of the Temple of Confucius at (modern-day) Qufu.477 BC: The Delian League is inaugurated.476 BC: Archidamus II succeeds his grandfather Leotychides, who is banished to Tegea, as king of Sparta.475 BC: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty.474 BC: Battle of Cumae —The Syracusans under Hiero I defeat the Etruscans and end Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.474 BC: Greek poet Pindar moves to Thebes.473 BC: The Chinese State of Wu is annexed by the State of Yue.472 BC: Carystus in Euboea is forced to join the Delian League (approximate date).472 BC: The tragedy The Persians is produced by Aeschylus.471 BC: Athenian politician Themistocles is ostracized.460s BC [ edit]469 BC: Philosopher Socrates is born in Attica, Athens, Greece.468 BC: Sophocles, Greek playwright, defeats Aeschylus for the Athenian Prize.468 BC: Antium captured by Roman forces.468 BC: King Zhending of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.466 BC: Delian League defeats Persia at the Battle of Eurymedon.466 BC: The Greek colony of Taras, in Magna Graecia, is defeated by Iapyges, a native population of ancient Apulia; Tarentine monarchy falls, with the installation of a democracy and the expulsion of the Pythagoreans.465 BC: King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire is murdered by Artabanus the Hyrcanian. He is succeeded by Artaxerxes I, possibly with Artabanus acting as Regent.465 BC: Thasos revolts from the Delian League.464 BC: An earthquake in ancient Sparta, Greece leads to a Helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that lead to the Peloponnesian War.464 BC: Regent King Artabanus of Persia is killed by his charge Artaxerxes I.464 BC: Third Messenian war.462 BC: The revolt of Thasos against the Delian League comes to an end with their surrender.461 BC: Athenian politician Cimon is ostracized.460 BC: Egypt revolts against Persia, starting a six-year war. An Athenian force sent to attack Cyprus is diverted to support this revolt.460 BC: Cincinnatus becomes consul of the Roman Republic.460 BC: Physician Hippocrates is born in Kos, Greece.450s BC [ edit]459 BC: Pleistoanax succeeds his father Pleistarchus as king of Sparta.459 BC: Destruction of the Sicilian town of Morgantina by Douketios, leader of the Sikels, according to Diodoros Siculus.459 BC: Ezra leads the second body of Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.458 BC: Greek playwright Aeschylus completes the Oresteia, a trilogy that tells the story of a family blood feud. The plays will have a great influence on future writers.458 BC: Cincinnatus is named dictator of the Roman Republic in order to defend it against Aequi. Sixteen days later, after defeating the invaders at the Battle of Mount Algidus, he resigns and returns to his farm.457 BC: Athenian statesman Pericles ' greatest reform, allowing common people to serve in any state office, inaugurates Golden Age of Ancient Athens.457 BC: Battle of Tanagra —The Spartans defeat the Athenians, near Thebes.457 BC: Battle of Oenophyta —The Athenians defeat the Thebans and take control of Boeotia.457 BC: Decree of Artaxerxes I to re-establish the city government of Jerusalem. See Ezra 7, Daniel 9 and Nehemiah 1 in Old Testament.455 BC: A thirty years' truce concluded between Athens and Lacedaemon.455 BC: Euripides presents his first known tragedy, Peliades, in the Athenian festival of Dionysia.454 BC: Athens loses a fleet and possibly as many as 50 000 men in a failed attempt to aid an Egyptian revolt against Persia.454 BC: The treasury of the Delian League is moved from Delos to Athens.454 BC: Hostilities between Segesta and Selinunte, two Greek cities on Sicily.453 BC: Taiyuan, a city in China, gets flooded.451 BC: Athens makes peace with Sparta and wages a war against Persia.451 BC: The decemviri come to power in the Roman Republic. They enact the twelve tables, the foundation of Roman Law.450 BC: Battle of Salamis: Athenians under Cimon defeat the Persian fleet.450 BC: Perdiccas II succeeds Alexander I as king of Macedonia (approximate date).450 BC to 325 BC: Olmecs leave La Venta, and it becomes depopulated by 325 BC.440s BC [ edit]449 BC: The Peace of Callias between the Delian League and Persia ends the Persian Wars.449 BC: Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens.449 BC: The Twelve Tables are promulgated to the people of Rome —the first public laws of the Roman Republic.449 BC: Romans revolt against the decemvirate. The decemvirs resign and the tribunate is re-established.449 BC: Herodotus completes his History, which records the events concerning the Persian War.448 BC: Phidias finishes a 9 meter high statue of Athena on the Acropolis.447 BC: Athens begins construction of the Parthenon, at the initiative of Pericles.447 BC: Battle of Coronea —The Athenians are driven out of Boeotia.447 BC: Achaeus of Eretria, a Greek playwright, shows his first play.445 BC: Pericles declares Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta.445 BC: Artaxerxes I gives Nehemiah permission to rebuild Jerusalem.445 BC: The Lacus Curtius is created by a lightning strike in Rome. It is consecrated by Gaius, Mettius or Marcus Curtius.443 BC: The Roman Republic creates the office of censor, initially exclusive to patricians.443 BC: Foundation of the Greek colony of Thurii in Italy. Its colonists include Herodotus and Lysias.442 BC: Sophocles writes Antigone.441 BC: King Ai of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the year's end.440 BC: Famine in Rome.440 BC: King Kao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.440 BC: Democritus proposes the existence of indivisible particles, which he calls atoms.430s BC [ edit]439 BC: Cincinnatus again becomes dictator of the Roman Republic; during his term he defeats the Volsci.439 BC: According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.438 BC: Ictinus and Callicrates finish construction of the Parthenon, located on Athens ' Acropolis.435 BC: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia by Phidias, one of the seven wonders of the world, is completed.434 BC: Conflict occurs between the Greek island of Kerkyra and its mother-city Corinth.434 BC: Anaxagoras tries to square the circle with straightedge and compass.433 BC: Battle of Sybota between Corcyra and Corinth.433 BC (or later): Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng in China.432 BC: Athens adopts a 19-year cycle of synchronizing solar and lunar calendars.432 BC: Athens defeats Corinth in the battle of Potidaea.432 BC: The Greek colony of Heraclea is founded by Tarentum and Thurii.431 BC: The Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens and their allies.431 BC: Defeat of the Aequians by the Romans under the dictator A. Postumius Tubertus.431 BC: The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the notion that the human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm, a belief that dominates medical thinking for centuries.430 BC: Athens suffers a major pestilence, believed to be caused by epidemic typhus.c. 430 BC: First performance of Sophocles 's Oedipus Rex.420s BC [ edit]429 BC: Battle of Chalcis — Chalcidians and their allies are defeated by Athens.429 BC: Battle of Naupactus — Phormio defeats the Peloponnesian fleet.429 BC: An outbreak of a plague kills over one-third of the population of Athens.429 BC: King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia.428 BC: Mytilene rebels against Athens but is crushed.428 BC: Sparta attempts to crush a rebellion on Corcyra, but cancels the effort when the Athenians try to intercept them.428 BC: The Greek colony of Cumae in Italy falls to the Samnites.427 BC: The leaders of the Mytilenian revolt are executed.427 BC: Platea surrenders to the Spartans, who execute over 200 prisoners and destroy the city.427 BC: The Athenians intervene in Sicily to blockade Sparta from the island.428 BC: The philosopher Plato is born.426 BC: Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges the Corinthian colony of Leukas.426 BC: When Ambracia invades Acarnania, they seek help from the Spartans and Athenians respectively. The Athenians then defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Olpae.425 BC: Demosthenes captures the port of Pylos in the Peloponnesus.425 BC: The Athenians invade Sphacteria and defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Pylos.424 BC: Sicily withdraws from the war and expels every foreign power. Thus, Athens is forced to withdraw from the island.424 BC: The Athenians try to capture Megara, but are defeated by the Spartans.424 BC: The Spartan general Brasidas captures Amphipolis, which is a setback for Athens. Thucydides is held responsible for the Athenian failure and is ostracised. This gives him time to start writing his history book.423 BC: The Athenians propose a cease-fire, which the Spartan general Brasidas ignores.422 BC: The Spartans defeat the Athenians in the Battle of Amphipolis, where the Athenian Cleon and the Spartan Brasidas are both killed.421 BC: The Peace of Nicias puts a temporary end to the hostilities between Athens and Sparta.420 BC: Alicibiades is elected strategos of Athens and begins dominating Athenian politics.410s BC [ edit]419 BC: The Peace of Nicias is broken when Sparta defeats Argos.418 BC: The Spartans win a major victory over the Athenians in the Battle of Mantinea, the biggest land battle of the Peloponnesian War.416 BC: The Athenians capture the island of Melos and treat the inhabitants with great cruelty.416 BC: The Athenians adheres a plea of help from Sicily and starts planning an invasion of the island.415 BC: The sacred Hermae busts in Athens are mutilated just before the expedition to Sicily is sent away. One of the culprits, Andocides, is captured and is forced to turn informer. He names the other mutilators, among them Alcibiades, who are sentenced to death in their absence.415 BC: Alcibiades defects from Athens to Sparta after having learned about his death sentence.414 BC: The Athenians try to make a breakthrough in their siege of Syracuse but are defeated by the Spartans.413 BC: Demosthenes suggests the Athenians leave Syracuse in order to return to Athens, where help is needed. However, Nicias refuses and they are again defeated in battle by the Spartans. Both Demosthenes and Nicias are killed.413 BC: Caria allies itself with Sparta.412 BC: The Persian Empire starts preparing an invasion of Ionia and signs a treaty with Sparta about it.411 BC: The democracy in Athens is overthrown and replaced by the oligarchic Council of Four Hundred. This council is itself soon defeated and order is almost restored, when the Five Thousand start ruling. Early next year, they are also overthrown and the old democracy is restored.410 BC: Athens regains control over its vital grain route from the Black Sea by defeating Sparta in the Battle of Cyzicus.400s BC [ edit]409 BC: Athens recaptures Byzantium, thereby putting an end to its revolt against Athens and taking control of the whole Bosporus.409 BC: The city of Rhodes is founded.409 BC: The Carthaginians invade Sicily.408 BC: The Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in the war and makes his son Cyrus a satrap. However, Cyrus starts collecting an army to benefit his own interests, rather than his father's.408 BC: Alcibiades returns to Athens in triumph after an absence of seven years.407 BC: The Athenian fleet is routed by the Spartan one in the Battle of Notium, which gives Alcibiades' opponents a reason to strip him of command. He never returns to Athens again.406 BC: Athens defeats Sparta in the Battle of Arginusae and the blockade of Conon is lifted.406 BC: Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this.406 BC: The Carthaginians once again invade Sicily and return to Carthage with spoils of war, but also with the plague.405 BC: The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes the city start starving.405 BC: Dionysius the Elder rises to power in Syracuse. He signs a peace with Carthage and starts consolidating and expanding his influence. April 25, 404 BC: Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War. Sparta introduces an oligarchic system, the Thirty Tyrants, in Athens.404 BC: Egypt rebels against Persian rule.403 BC: Some exiled Athenians return to fight the Thirty Tyrants and restore democracy in Athens. They are, however, narrowly defeated by the Spartans in the Battle of Piraeus. After this, the Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens.403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty.403 BC: The Athenians adopt the Ionian alphabet.401 BC: Cyrus the Younger rebels against the Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however, eventually slain in battle.400 BC: After Cyrus has been killed, his Greek mercenaries make their way back to Greece, where Sparta is so impressed with their feats in and march through Persia that they declare war on the Persians.400 BC: The Carthaginians occupy Malta.400 BC: The Egyptians successfully revolt against Persian rule.400 BC: London has its origins as far back as this time.400 BC: Jōmon period ends in Ancient Japan. Significant people [ edit]Themistocles Leonidas IXerxes IPericles Sophocles Aristophanes Pindar Hippocrates Herodotus Parmenides Socrates Agesilaus II, King of Sparta Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician Alexander I, King of Macedonia Aristides, Athenian statesman Artabanus of Persia, Regent King for Artaxerxes IArtaxerxes II, King of Persia Aspasia of Miletus, Mistress of Pericles of Athens Brasidas, Spartan general Marcus Furius Camillus, Roman statesman Cimon, Athenian statesman Cleon, Athenian statesman Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, Roman statesman Gaius Marcius Coriolanus, Roman general Darius II, King of Persia Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse Ephialtes, betrayer of Greece at the Battle of Thermopylae Fan Li, Chinese advisor King Fuchai of Wu, King of the state of Wu King Goujian of Yue, King of Yue King Kao of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China Leonidas I, King of Sparta Lu Ban, Chinese engineer and inventor Lysander, Spartan general and admiral Mardonius, Persian general Marquess Wen of Wei, Chinese ruler of the state of Wei Miltiades, Athenian general Pausanias, Spartan general Pericles, Athenian politician Pleistarchus, King of Sparta King Porus, King of Paurava, fought against Alexander at the Battle of Hydaspes Themistocles, Athenian statesman and general King Weilie of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty Wu Zixu, Chinese general and politician Verginia, Legendary victim of the decemviri Xerxes I, King of Persia Xi Shi, Chinese beauty King Zhending of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China Visual arts [ edit]Agatharchus, Greek painter Callicrates, Greek architect Douris, Greek red-figure vase painter and potter Euphronios, Greek vase painter and potter Hippodamus of Miletus, Greek architect Ictinus, Greek architect Paeonius, Greek sculptor Parrhasius, Greek painter Phidias, Greek sculptor, painter and architect Polygnotus, Greek painter Polykleitos, Greek sculptor Kresilas, Greek sculptor Kritios, Greek sculptor Mnesikles, Greek architect Myron of Eleutherae, Greek sculptor Zeuxis, Greek painter Literature [ edit]Aeschylus, Greek playwright Aristophanes, Greek playwright Bacchylides, Greek lyric poet. Cratinus Greek comic poet and playwright Critias, Greek author Diagoras of Melos, Greek poet and sophist Euripides, Greek playwright Isocrates, Greek orator Philoxenus of Cythera, Greek dithyrambic poet Pindar, Greek poet Simonides of Ceos, Greek lyric poet Sophocles, Greek playwright Science and philosophy [ edit]Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher Democritus, Greek philosopher Gautama Buddha, Indian philosopher and fouder of Buddhism Gorgias, Greek sophist, philosopher and rhetorician Empedocles, Greek philosopher Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek mathematician Heraclitus, Greek philosopher Herodotus, Greek historian Hippias of Elis, Greek sophist Hippocrates, Greek physician Mozi, Chinese philosopher Panini, Hindu grammarian Parmenides of Elea, Greek philosopher Protagoras, Greek philosopher Prodicus, Greek philosopher Socrates, Greek philosopher Thucydides, Greek historian Zengzi, student of Confucius, wrote Great Learning Zeno of Elea, Greek philosopher Sports [ edit]Astylos of Croton, Greek runner Dandes of Argos, Greek runner Diagoras of Rhodes, Greek boxer Polydamas of Skotoussa, Greek pankratiast Xenophon of Corinth, Greek runner Inventions, discoveries, introductions [ edit]Cast iron is first used in the Chinese Kingdom of Wu with the innovation of the blast furnace, and soon becomes widespread for agricultural tools and weapons during the Warring States. Trebuchet catapult is first used by followers of the Chinese philosopher Mozi. The Greeks invent the Anchor with flukes. The Greeks start to use shear-leg cranes for construction and loading of ships. The Greeks invent linear perspective. The Greeks develop an indirect lost wax process for casting bronze. The Chinese hydraulic engineer Ximen Bao (西門豹) oversees an enormous canal system for agricultural irrigation, while employed by Marquis Wen of Wei (文侯) ( 445 BC – 396 BC ). The Chinese philosopher Li Kui writes the Book of Law (Fajing, 法经) in 407 BC, the basis for the law codes of the following Qin Dynasty and partially that of the Han Dynasty. Scholars commonly accept that the Hindu text the Bhagavad Gita was written. Creation of the Berlin Foundry Cup (early 5th century). The oldest known Maya Calendar Sovereign states [ edit]See: List of sovereign states in the 5th century BC. Decades and years [ edit] [ show]v t e Decades and years [ show]v t e Centuries and millennia References [ edit]Categories:1st millennium BC 5th century BC Centuries
Hand, foot, and mouth disease. Not to be confused with Foot-and-mouth disease or Hand-foot syndrome. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of viruses. It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell. This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet, and mouth, and occasionally buttocks and groin.
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Roger Allam He has played Inspector Javert in the original London production of the stage musical Les Misérables, Douglas Richardson in the award-winning radio series Cabin Pressure, and DI Fred Thursday in the TV series Endeavour. He is also known for his roles as Illyrio Mopatis in the HBO series Game of Thrones, Royalton in Speed Racer, Lewis Prothero in the 2005 adaptation of V for Vendetta and as Peter Mannion MP in The Thick Of It.
. This worldwide hit was Taylor Dayne's first single, catching the wave of late-'80s dance music in a song about passion and feeling - it's her heart that wants to hear that blue talk. Dayne was still known as Leslie Wunderman when she put her voice on the demo of this song, which was written by the professional songwriters Seth Swirsky and Ernie Gold. With some catchy production by Sony's Ric Wake and Clive Davis overseeing the project, it had lots of talent behind it and launched the career of Taylor Dayne, who got a record deal with Sony's subsidiary Arista Records. When Seth Swirsky wrote this song, he was thinking Madonna, but when he heard Dayne sing it, he knew she was the right choice. In our interview with Seth Swirsky, he told us: "I gave them the song immediately. Didn't even think, 'Okay, people won't dig the song, maybe we should give it to another artist.' I absolutely believed then, and I believe now, that if somebody is desperate to do something, if they have a passion to do it, it comes out in the recording and there's no reason to say no to it. You've gotta go with a good flow, a good energy. And when I heard what Ric Wake had done, I thought, This sounds like a smash to me. This really sounds like a total smash. "This was released as a 12" single that was an instant hit, thanks to its massive popularity in dance clubs. Says Swirsky: "I think it hit San Francisco and Miami first. It really started to take off, and they had no album. They recorded the rest of the album in like six weeks, because they needed to put something out. Meanwhile, the 12-inch that was out with the four cuts of 'Tell It To My Heart' on it sold almost a million copies. It was really crazy. "Clive Davis is what you'd call a "record mogul," and he's known for being very good at it, developing artists like Whitney Houston, Aerosmith and Alicia Keys. Why is he an industry legend when most record execs are considered hacks? Maybe it's because he actively works with songwriters and producers to create the best product. Swirsky tells this story: "When 'Tell It To My Heart' was mastered, Clive Davis called me and said, 'I have the song. Here it is, it sounds great, we're gonna put it out.' He played it for me over the phone, and I said, 'You know, the bridge should be eight bars. And where it is right now, it's four bars.' Which would have been, like, half the bridge of what you hear now. And I said, 'You know, Clive, I can't approve this master.' And I had no rights of approving or not. He just asked my opinion, and I have a strong opinion about things. Because when it's your song, why not? You gotta fight for it, you know? I said to him, 'It's not right. The mastering sounds amazing, but we need four more bars in that bridge.' The bridge really needed to set the body of the song from the last third of the song. You really needed eight bars to catch your breath a little bit, and then kick into those last choruses. And he agreed. He scrapped the master, and they went for another one. It was a very, very wonderful moment, the fact that he really listened. It's a testament to him that he really listens to songwriters. He thinks that they have a real opinion, even after they've written the song. So it was a really fun moment, and I was just glad that he called me. Because that song really needed the extra four bars. I was impassioned. When we were having a hit with the song, I saw Clive, and he was like, 'You were right about that. '"In 1985, Leslie Wunderman was recording 12-inch dance singles for the club market under the name "Les Lee." Two years later, a friend who used to work at Warner Chappell Publishing had them send some demos her way, and "Tell It To My Heart" was on one of the tapes. She and her producer Ric Wake loved the song, and Taylor, borrowed $6,000 from her dad to record a slick version of the song that got the attention of Clive Davis, who signed her to something called a "single-option album," which means they could drop her if the song tanked, but had rights to her if it worked. In our interview with Taylor Dayne, she said: "If you look at the original artwork for 'Tell It To My Heart,' I don't even have a picture on there. It's just a black cover with graffiti-esque colors of the rainbow and my name: 'Taylor Dayne.' No pic. It was released in Europe first in, I think, the summer of '87. It blew up and started going #1 throughout the rest of the world. And Clive and the rest of the company realized, 'Holy s--t, we have no record.' And 'how much can we make running singles?' They realized a phenomenon started. I'd been in Europe back and forth for the first six months of the single release, and then they released it in the United States. I was signed to a single-option album, and then that album came quicker than we thought. So did those negotiations and the changes and my career. Within a year's time I was opening up for Michael Jackson, who was at the height of his career with the Bad tour. And I was on the road; I remember I never came home for about 15 months. "With the release of this single, Leslie Wunderman was transformed into Taylor Dayne. What's it like becoming a whole new person? Taylor told us: "When I signed that dotted line and my dad gave me the money and I knew it wasn't going to happen that way anymore. There was something instinctually inside me. I just wanted to be somebody new. And at the same time you're inventing this persona. And that's what Ric and I did. And really, realistically, I don't know how we came up with Taylor Dayne. There's a long story behind that with Dee Snider and studios and what we were doing, but I guess I wanted to reinvent myself way back then. A baby book came up with 'Dayne,' but that was all based on that single and just moving forward. Really you're inventing something. You're creating this entity – this artist, if you will - and that's what it was. Maybe subconsciously I wanted to leave something behind and move into something, which doesn't surprise me, knowing me. "Seth Swirsky also wrote Taylor Dayne's next song, which was "Prove Your Love." The Arista Records machine had her do a ballad next, which was "I'll Always Love You." From there, she landed four more songs in the US Top 10, all from her first two albums. Her biggest hit came in 1989 with " Love Will Lead You Back . "Ever wonder how record companies promote songs to radio stations? They have to get clever, and often give out gifts that are very memorable, especially if it's an unknown artist. Courtesy of Seth, check out the Tell It To My Heart promotional gift. In 1996, a remixed version of this song went to #23 in the UK. In 2002, Kelly Llorenna’s version of the song hit #9 on the British charts. This song received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, but lost to " Fast Car " by Tracy Chapman.
The earliest evidence of human inhabitants of modern day Chihuahua was discovered in the area of Samalayuca and Rancho Colorado. Clovis points have been found in northeastern Chihuahua that have been dated from 12,000 BC to 7000 BC. It is thought that these inhabitants were hunter gatherers. Inhabitants of the state later developed farming with the domestication of corn. An archeological site in northern Chihuahua known as Cerro Juanaqueña revealed squash cultivation, irrigation techniques, and ceramic artifacts dating to around 2000 BC.
The 50 Greatest Players in National Basketball Association History (also referred to as NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team or NBA's Top 50) were chosen in 1996 to honor the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the National Basketball Association (NBA). These fifty players were selected through a vote by a panel of media members, former players and coaches, and current and former general managers. In addition, the top ten head coaches and top ten single-season teams in NBA history were selected by media members as part of the celebration. The fifty players had to have played at least a portion of their careers in the NBA and were selected irrespective of position played.
There are more men in the world. The ratio as of 2011 is 984 females for every 1000 males. According to the CIA World Factbook, the 2013 estimate of total world populationâ¦ ratios is 1.01 male to every 1.0 female. Total male estimate as of July 2013 is 3,571,374,099. Total female estimate as of July 2013 is 3,523,843,881.

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