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1,506,275	Ergophobia is the morbid fear of what?	Ergophobia \| definition of ergophobia by Medical dictionary Ergophobia \| definition of ergophobia by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ergophobia Psychology Fear of work. See Phobia . ergophobia (ĕr″gō-fō′bē-ă) [″ + phobos, fear] Morbid dread of working. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.	Poll system, 2 new trivia lists · Twentysix26/Red-DiscordBot@9ce74b6 · GitHub 75 trivia/2015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +In China in 2015 the record for the longest mating session between two giant pandas was broken at?`18 minutes`18 mins +Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show?`Bike +A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually?`Hum +Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did in 2015?`Eisenhower +Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service in 2015 called? `Tidal +At auction in 2015, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? `American Pie +In 2015 what global contest ruled against the use of swimsuits for its 114 competitors, for the first time since 1951 inception? `Miss World +Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015?`Google +In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age to what?`18`eighteen +The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as?`Camel Flu +Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book?`Fifty Shades of Grey`50 shades of grey +Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?`Rupert Murdoch`murdoch +In 2015 a new North Korean schools curriculum reportedly included that leader Kim Jong-un learnt to drive at age?`3`three +Which car company launched the Avensis model in 2015?`Toyota +In 2015 evidence of water was found on which planet?`Mars +Which 'BRIC' country launched the Astrosat space lab in 2015?`India +Who won the 2015 men's tennis French Open?`Stan Warwinka`warwinka +What company launched the S6 Edge smartphone?`Samsung +Which leading professional networking tech corporation, whose main revenue is selling user access/details to recruiters, bought the Lynda learning company for $1.5bn in 2015?`Linkedin`linked in +'Dismaland' was the temporary theme park/exhibition of which famous 'anonymous' artist?`Banksy +Matthais Muller was made chief of which troubled car company in 2015?`Volkswagen`vw +In 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency suggested banning which nation from the 2016 Olympics?`Russia +The game of Monopoly celebrated what anniversary in 2015?`eighty`80`80th +Name the Princess born 4th in succession to the British throne in 2015, to Britain's Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?`Charlotte +The 2015 Mad Max movie is sub-titled?`Fury Road`mad max: fury road`mad max fury road +The Magna Carta, signed in London, and inspiring constitutional rights globally thereafter, was how many years old in 2015?`eight hundred`800 +In 2015 the Sinabug volcano erupted in what country?`Indonesia +Olav Bjortmont became 2015 world champion in?`Quizzing`quiz +Lars Lokke led his centre-right party to 2015 government election victory in what country?`Denmark +Blackberry's new phone for 2015 was called the...?`Priv +Facebook's new music sharing/streaming feature launched in 2015 was called "Music... "?`Stories +Eddie Jones was appointed head coach of which English sporting team in 2015?`Rugby Union`rugby +According to 2015 survey what fruit was most popular among USA children?`Apples`apple +Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey celebrated what birthday in 2015?`49`fourty-nine`fourty nine`49th +Jon Snow was killed off in what TV series in 2015, adapted from GRR Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'?`Game of Thrones +Finance minister Yanis Yaroufakis caused comment for not wearing a tie in February 2015 when negotiating the debts for which nation?`Greece +What nation hosted the 2015 Women's World (soccer) Cup?`Canada +What iconic equine-alluding company, in countless books/films/cowboy holsters, filed for bankruptcy in 2015?`Colt +Due to a 2015 contamination scandal in India/Afica, which corporation destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi noodles?`Nestle +How many years old was the McDonalds fast food company in 2015?`60`sixty +It was announced in 2015 that Alexander Hamilton would be replaced on?`$10 bill`$10`tendollars`ten dollar bill`ten	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,276	What colour is an emu's egg	Sculpting Emu Eggs: The Color is in the Shell Sculpting Emu Eggs: The Color is in the Shell 11/16/2009 3:20:14 PM Tags: poultry , home business , As the emu fad was passing in 1994, Chuck DeCourley and his wife, Sue, bought a pair of emus. He was looking for a marketable use for the eggs, perhaps something artistic, but simply painting the shells seemed too obvious. Then DeCourley learned of a unique feature of emu eggs — the shells are made of three distinct layers, each of a different color. There are three primary layers in the shell of an emu egg. The outside is dark green. The middle layer is teal, and the inside layer is nearly white. Occasionally there is a fourth layer, which is thin and rather gray, between the outside layer and the teal layer. Carving the eggshells seemed to use the colors of each layer to the best advantage. So in 1997, after doing some research, DeCourley purchased an engraving system. He taped a snowflake pattern onto an eggshell and started carving. That was a crude experiment, but it was the beginning of a hobby that has held DeCourley’s interest for more than a decade. In January 1998, DeCourley’s father, who was in a nursing home, suggested DeCourley try carving playing cards into an egg. That was supposed to be a practice project, too, but DeCourley was able to give the finished carving to his father for his 68th birthday. His father, being nearly blind at the time, was able to feel the precision carving of the egg and was pleased with the gift. Getting Ready to Sculpt To clean the eggs, DeCourley drills a three-eighths-inch hole into the large end of the egg with a diamond bit. Regular drill bits can cause hairline cracks that can’t be easily seen. These cracks would ruin the egg during the carving process. Eggs should be cleaned out when fresh or, at the very least, within three to four months of being laid. Some people use a sander to create a hole in the egg, but the holes generally get large. Egg contents can be shaken out, or you can use an “egg-sucking bucket:” a vacuum device to remove the contents of eggs. After this, use a 25-percent bleach solution to remove the lining of the egg. Be sure to use rubber gloves when working with bleach, and avoid the fumes by working in a properly ventilated area. The solution only needs to be left in the egg for a few minutes, but then needs to be rinsed out thoroughly. The outside (dark-green) layer won’t fade if exposed to the bleach solution for a short amount of time, but if left for several hours will cause discoloration. Shells are then coated with Krylon clear acrylic. This gives the eggs a non-yellowing, UV-resistant coating, but the carving will still turn a sort of sepia color if left in sunlight or under fluorescent lights. Carvings are best displayed under incandescent light. It is also important to protect the inside of the shells, as the white layer is only 0.005- to 0.006-inch thick. For this, you could use a mixture of 50 percent Elmer’s glue and 50 percent water. Coat the inside of the egg several times with this mixture prior to working on the egg. If you consider carving chicken or goose eggs, in which case you might have larger empty spaces or fine filigree work, this is an especially important part of the process. When choosing a design, be careful to choose a pattern that is not under copyright protection if you plan to sell the carving. Then simply use a copy machine to reduce the pattern to the size you need and attach it to the eggshell with glue stick. The glue softens the paper; and if the paper creases during application, simply dampen the paper and reglue it. After the glue dries, you’re nearly ready to start carving, but remember: Safety first. The calcium dust caused by the carving process is fine. DeCourley recommends using a dust collector box with a vacuum system. He also sculpts the egg under a Plexiglas shield and wears earplugs while working, as the drill used in carving produces a high-pitched (and loud) noise. Equipment for Carving Eggs DeCourley’s tool of choice is a “Turbocarver,” which is an air-powere	World's Easiest Quiz How long did the Hundred Years War last? 116 years Which country makes Panama hats? Ecuador From which animal do we get cat gut? Sheep and Horses In which month do Russians celebrate the October Revolution? November What is a camel's hair brush made of? Squirrel fur The Canary Islands are named after what animal? Dogs What was King George VI's first name? Albert What color is a purple finch? Crimson Where are Chinese gooseberries from? New Zealand	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,277	Which country has the international car registration plate RCH?	International Country License Plate Codes \| International Car Stickers Rï¿½publique Centrafricaine (French) RCB Rï¿½publique du Congo Brazzaville (Fr.) RCH Repï¿½blica de Chile (Span.), Sticker Available RG Rï¿½publique de Guinï¿½e (Fr.) RH Rï¿½publique d'Haï¿½ti (Fr.) RI Republik Indonesia (Indones.), Sticker Available RIM Rï¿½publique islamique de Mauritanie (Fr.) RL Rï¿½publique Libanaise (Fr.) RM Rï¿½publique de Madagascar(Fr.)Formerly Malagasy Republic 1970-79 RMM Rï¿½publique du Mali (Fr.) Formerly French Sudan - 1960 RN Rï¿½publique du Niger (Fr.) Formerly part of French West Africa (Afrique Occidentale Franï¿½aise - 1960) RO	RAGMAG Ohm Issue \| Sept 2011 \| Issue#16 by RAGMAG Magazine (page 138) - issuu issuu 1. What is the difference between a spiral and a helix? 1. Where can you find the Church of the Holy Sepulchre? 1. What is the S.I. standard of temperature? 2. What is it called when a liquid is cooled to below its freezing point but it does not freeze? 2. The port of Mocha is in which country? 2. Boats and planes can roll and what other two ways do they move? 3. What do the letters LI-ION mean on a battery? 4. What is the difference between KVA and KW? 5. Melanophobia is the fear of what? 3. what is the capital of Latvia? 4. Which of these is NOT a wine region of France? Rhone, Alsace, Rioja, Bordeaux or Jura? 5. The Island of Madeira is in which ocean? Atlantic, Pacific or Indian? 6. If something is described as being anular in shape, what does it 6. The Alpine Ski Resort of St. resemble? Moritz is in which country? 7. You have three identically shaped balls 1Kg, 2Kg and 3Kg and you drop them from 20 Meters, which one will land first? 8. In climatology, to what does the term “Pluvial” refer? 7. The world’s highest swing, called the Nevis Arc, is located in which country? 8. Ibiza is in which Mediterranean island group? 9. Tirana is the capital of which 9. The Pascal is the SI unit of country? pressure.The Bar is the ilder term. 1 Bar is equivalent to how many 10. What is China’s second KiloPascal? largest river? 10. What element, whose symbol derives from its Greek name hydrargyrum, meaning watering silver, melts at -38.83 °C and yet boils at 356.73 °C? 3. What is the chemical symbol for Ozone? 4. What is the name given to the bending of light as it passes from one substance to another? 1. What cheese is made backwards? 2. If you write all the numbers from 300 to 400, how many times would you write the number 3? 3. What kind of bees make milk? 4. Where on earth do the winds always blow from the south? 5. If you feed me I will live but if you give me water I will die. What am i? 5. What computer operating 6. If five thousand, five hundred fifty system has a penguin as its logo? five dollars is written as $5,555, how should twelve thousand, twelve 6. There are three types of nuclear hundred twelve dollars be written? radiation. Gamma is one. Name the other two. 7. What number is next in this sequence? 1, 3, 4, 7, 11... 7. When a liquid changes from liquid to gas it’s called evaporation. What 8. Can you name three consecutive is it called when a solid changes days without using the words to gas? Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, or 8. What is the name of the pigment Sunday? that gives leaves their green colour? 9. Mr. and Mrs. Mustard have six daughters and each daughter has 9. What is the cube root of 8000? one brother. How many people are in the Mustard family? 10. In an electrical circuit diagram, what is denoted by circle 10. A horse is tied to a 5 m. rope; 6 m. containing the capital letter A? away from it, is a bail of hay. Without breaking the rope, the horse is able to get to the bail of hay. How is this possible? dingbats LONDON PARIS Book 2 COST $100.00 EACH 12 COST $50.00 EACH Film COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN COUNTDOWN Song ROUND#1 1. A spiral is on a flat plane 2. Super Cooled 3. Lithium Ion 4. KW takes into account the power factor 5. Colour Black 6. Ring 7. At the same time 8. Rainfall 9.100 10. Mercury ROUND#2 1. Jerusalem 2. Yemen 3. Riga 4. Rioja 5. Atlantic 6. Switzerland 7. New Zealand 8. Balearic Islands 9. Albania 10. Yellow River ROUND#3 1. Kelvin 2. Pitch and Yaw 3. O3 4. Refraction 5. Linux 6. Alpha and Beta 7. Sublimation 8. Chlorophyl 9. 20 10. Ammetre ROUND#4 1. Edam 2. 120 3. Boobies 4. North Pole 5. Fire 6. 13,212 7. 18 8. Yesterday, today and tomorrow 9. Nine 10. The other end is not tied to anything A TALE (TAIL) OF TO CITIES - THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE - HOT CHOCOLATE THREE BLIND MICE - ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST - LITTLE WOMEN DANGEROUS MINDS - CHEAPER BY THE DOZEN - FINAL COUNTDOWN 138 RAGMAG \| SEPTEMBER 2011	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,278	"Which 'duck' opened a 1982 number four with ""I wish I could fly way up to the sky, but I can't""?"	Obituary: I created a monster - BBC News BBC News Obituary: I created a monster 28 April 2015 Close share panel Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Keith Harris and Orville made several appearances at the Royal Variety Performance in the 1980s Keith Harris, the ventriloquist famed for working with his puppet Orville, has died aged 67 after a battle with cancer, his agent has confirmed. "I obviously created a monster," Keith Harris told Louis Theroux in 2008. "It's very hard to get away from that. "Everybody knows Orville, not everybody knows Keith Harris." The children's entertainer insisted he was not bitter - Orville had made him a household name, after all - but he could never escape the nappy-wearing, flightless bird. "I can't say he's been a burden, but he put me into a pigeon-hole." Early start Born in Lyndhurst, Hampshire, Harris was introduced to showbusiness at a young age, when his father, Norman, incorporated him into his stage show, performing in working men's clubs around the UK. From the age of six, he would sit on his father's knee and pretend to be a puppet called Isaiah - "because one eye's higher than the other". Theatre became a safe haven from school, where he struggled with reading and was labelled "thick". He later discovered he had dyslexia. By 14, he had turned professional, becoming a solo act after Norman retired. Image caption One of Harris's earlier characters was Percy Picktooth, a gregarious rabbit He appeared in summer seasons at holiday resorts before booking his first TV appearance on Let's Laugh, which aired in the same week he auditioned for Opportunity Knocks. At the time, his main character was Freddy the Frog, a puppet who said he was going to be Prime Minister "because he was always in deep water and he had a big mouth". But it was Orville that made him a household name. The idea for the puppet - which was later insured for £100,000 - came to him while he was starring with the Black and White Minstrels in Bristol. "I just happened to have this green fur lying about and had this idea for a little bird that was green and ugly and thought he wasn't loved," he told the Independent in 2002. He sent a rough sketch to his puppet maker, but was disappointed with the result. "I hated him," he confessed. "But I took him to the girls in the dressing room next door and they said, 'ah, ain't he lovely'. "The first time I used him he was an instant hit. There were tears in people's eyes." Image caption Cuddles catch-phrase, "I hate that duck", may have been a vessel for Harris's own feelings The bird was named after the American aviator Orville Wright, who, with his brother, Wilbur, made the first manned powered flight in 1903. It was a name laden with irony, as Orville - a shy, under-confident orphan - could not fly. The success of the puppet and his simian nemesis Cuddles earned Harris a Saturday evening TV show that ran for eight years. Orville also became an unlikely chart star when Harris released a single in 1982. Orville's Song, popularly known as I Wish I Could Fly, reached number four, selling more than 400,000 copies. Media captionWatch the Orville Song But not everyone was a fan. After one Royal Command Performance, a reviewer wrote: "I'm sure Charles and Diana would like to take a gun and blow the duck's head off." Harris had the last laugh, though, as the day after the performance, he was invited to perform at Prince William's third birthday. "I arrived there and Charles came out and we had a Pimms," he later recalled. "Diana helped me in with the boxes, she was absolutely lovely. We were asked back to do Prince Harry's third birthday, too. "Diana sent us a lovely letter saying: 'The Princess hopes that Orville did not suffer from too much bruising after the rather rough patting he received from one or two of the smaller members of the audience.'" Depression But the success didn't last. After The Keith Harris Show ended in 1990, the characters were given a lower-profile series called The Quack Chat Show, after which television work dried up altogether. Harris did not adjust w	Passable Literature Trivia Quiz In which book would you find a Heffalump? Which detective had a landlady called Mrs. Hudson? Who wrote the Booker Prize winning novel The Life of Pi? Which of Alexandre Dumas' 'Three Musketeers' real identity is Comte de la Fère? In which language did Vladimir Nabokov write Lolita? Which 1949 novel begins 'It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen?' How many lines are there in a sonnet? Don Diego de la Vega is the secret identity of which hero? In which novel does an alien invasion commence in Woking, England? In the title of a Shakespeare play, who are Valentine and Proteus? In which George Bernard Shaw play are Professor Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle central characters? Which fictional Count's real name is Edmond Dantès? What was the name of Captain Nemo's submarine in Jules Verne's novel? Which poet wrote the Canterbury Tales? Who was Ebenezer Scrooge's deceased partner in 'A Christmas Carol?' Question Who created the fictional town of Middlemarch? In which novel would you find the exceedingly strong drink called the 'Pan-galactic Gargle Blaster?' In which Jane Austen novel do the Bennet family appear? Who is the title hobbit in 'The Hobbit?' Which author used the pseudonyms Isaac Bickerstaffe and Lemuel Gulliver among others? What is the name of the sequel to John Milton's 'Paradise Lost?' In which novel does the character Major Major Major Major appear? Who went on a circumnavigation of the world from the Reform Club as the result of a bet? Which Ray Bradbury novel opens 'It was a pleasure to burn?' Which novel was subtitled 'The Modern Prometheus?' Who wrote the short story 'I, Robot' in 1950? In the Harry Potter novels, as whom did Tom Riddle become infamous? Which novel takes place in the Year of Our Ford 632? Who taught children to fly using 'lovely thoughts' and fairy dust? Which John Steinbeck novel centers on the characters George and Lennie? Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? How are the sisters Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy collectively known? Which mythological figure 'Shrugged' in the title of an Ayn Rand novel? How many syllables are there in a haiku? 'Workers of the world, unite!' is the last line of which work? What real-life Soviet organisation is James Bond's nemesis in the early novels? In which fictional country is the castle of Zenda to be found? Who is the chief protagonist in John Buchan's The 39 Steps? How is David John Cornwell better known? What is the name of Long John Silver’s parrot? At what age do Adrian Mole's diaries start? Who lived the last few years of his life in Paris under the pseudonym 'Sebastian Melmoth'? Who created Noddy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,279	What was the birth surname of the man who became to be known as Vladimir Lenin?	Biography for Kids: Vladimir Lenin Biography: Where did Vladimir Lenin grow up? Vladimir Lenin was born in the city of Simbirsk in the Russian Empire on April 22, 1870. His birth name was Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov. Lenin's parents were both well educated and his father was a teacher. Growing up Lenin attended school and was an excellent student. He also enjoyed the outdoors and playing chess. When Lenin was sixteen years old, his father died. This made Lenin angry and he said he no longer believed in God or the Russian Orthodox Church. A year later, Lenin's older brother Sacha joined a revolutionary group that planned to assassinate the Tsar (the Russian monarch). Sacha was caught and was executed by the government. Becoming a Revolutionary Lenin continued with his education at the Kazan University. While at university he became involved with politics and revolutionary groups. He began to study Karl Marx and became convinced that Marxism was the ideal form of government. At one point he was arrested and kicked out of the university, but he was later allowed to return. After graduating he worked as a lawyer. Exile from Russia Lenin continued his work as a revolutionary. He moved to St. Petersburg where he quickly became a leader among the Marxists. He constantly had to hide from the police and government officials as spies were everywhere. Eventually, Lenin created his own group of Marxists called the Bolsheviks. In 1897, Lenin was arrested and exiled to Siberia for three years. Upon his return in 1900 he continued to foster revolution and push Marxism. However, he was banned from St. Petersburg and was under the watchful eye of the police. He spent much of his time over the next several years in Western Europe where he wrote communist papers and planned for the coming revolution. World War I When World War I broke out in 1914, millions of Russian workmen and peasants were forced to join the army. They were sent into battle under terrible conditions. They often had little training, no food, no shoes, and sometimes were forced to fight without weapons. Millions of Russian soldiers were killed under the leadership of the Tsar. The Russian people were ready to revolt. February Revolution In 1917, the February Revolution occurred in Russia. The Tsar was overthrown and the government was run by the Provisional Government. With Germany's help, Lenin returned to Russia. He began to speak out against the Provisional Government. He said it was no better than the Tsarist government. He wanted a government ruled by the people. Bolshevik Revolution In October of 1917, Lenin and his Bolshevik Party took over the government. Sometimes this takeover is called the October Revolution or the Bolshevik Revolution. Lenin established the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and he was the leader of the new government. Lenin leading the Bolshevik Revolution Photo by Unknown Leader of the Soviet Union Upon establishing the new government, Lenin made many changes. He immediately established peace with Germany and exited World War I. This was what Germany was hoping for when they helped him sneak back into Russia. He also took land from the rich landholders and divided it up amongst the peasants. Russian Civil War For the first several years of leadership, Lenin fought a civil war against the anti-Bolsheviks. He was a brutal leader. He stomped out all opposition, killing anyone who spoke out against his government. Like the Tsar before him, he forced peasants to join his army and also took food from the peasants to feed his soldiers. The civil war destroyed much of Russia's economy and millions of people starved to death. During the Russian Civil War, Lenin established War Communism. Under War Communism the government owned everything and soldiers could take what they needed from the peasants. After the war, with the economy failing, Lenin began the New Economic Policy. This new policy allowed some private ownership and capitalism. The Russian economy recovered under this new policy. When the Bolsheviks finally won the civil war, Lenin estab	Joseph Stalin - Biography - IMDb Joseph Stalin Biography Showing all 95 items Jump to: Overview (5) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (3) \| Trade Mark (3) \| Trivia (71) \| Personal Quotes (12) Overview (5) 5' 6" (1.68 m) Mini Bio (1) Joseph Stalin (a code name meaning "Man of Steel") was born Iosif (Joseph) Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili in 1879 in Gori, Georgia, the Transcaucasian part of the Russian Empire. His father was a cobbler named Vissarion Dzhugashvili, a drunkard who beat him badly and frequently and left the family when Joseph was young. His mother, Ekaterina Gheladze, supported herself and her son (her other three children died young and Jopseph was effectively an only child) by taking in washing. She managed, despite great hardship, to send Joseph to school and then on to Tiflis Orthodox Theological Seminary in Tbilisi, hoping he would become a priest. However, after three years of studies he was expelled in 1899, for not attending an exam and for propagating communist ideas and the books of Karl Marx . Since 1898, Stalin became active in the Communist underground as the organizer of a powerful gang involved in a series of armed robberies. After robbing several banks in southern Russia, Stalin delivered the stolen money to V.I. Lenin to finance the Communist Party. Stalin's gang was also involved in the murders of its political opponents; Stalin himself was arrested seven times, repeatedly imprisoned, and twice exiled to Siberia between 1902 and 1913. During those years he changed his name twice and became more closely identified with revolutionary Marxism. He escaped many times from prison and was shuttling money between Lenin and other communists in hiding, where his intimacy with Lenin and Bukharin grew, as did his dissatisfaction with fellow Communist leader Leon Trotsky . In 1912 he was co-opted on to the illegal Communist Central Committee. At that time he wrote propaganda articles, and later edited the Communist paper, "Pravda" (Truth). As Lenin's apprentice he joined the Communist majority (Bolsheviks), and was responsible for the consolidation of several secret communist cells into a larger ring. Stalin's Communist ring in St. Petersburg and across Russia played the leading role in the Russian Revolution of 1917. After the revolution the Bolsheviks Communists grabbed the power, then Communists murdered the Tsar and the Russian royal family. Stalin and Lenin took over the Tsar's palaces and used the main one in Kremlin as their private residence. Lenin appointed Stalin the People's Commissar for Nationalities in the first Soviet government and a member of the Communist Politburo, thus giving him unlimited power. Stalin led the "Reds" against anti-Communist forces known as the "Whites" and also in the war with Poland. He also organized "Red Terror" in Tsaritsin (later renamed Stalingrad). With his appointment as General Secretary to the Party Central Committee in 1922, a post he held for the next 30 years, until his death, he consolidated the power that would ensure his control of the country after Lenin's death in 1924. He also took, or gave himself, other key positions that enabled him to amass total power in the Party and Soviet government. Stalin was known for his piercing eyes and terrifying stare, which he used to cow his opponents into submission during private discussions. In 1927 Stalin requested medical help for his insomnia, anger and severe anxiety disorder. His doctors diagnosed him as having "typical clinical paranoia" and recommended medical treatment. Instead, Stalin became angry and summoned his secret service agents. The next day the chief psychiatrist, Dr. Bekhterev, and his assistants died of poisoning. In addition, before the doctors' diagnosis about Stalin's mental condition could become known, he ordered the executions of intellectuals, resulting in the murders of hundreds of thousands of doctors, professors, writers, and others. Stalin's policy of amassing dictatorial power under the guise of building "socialism in the country" resulted in brutal extermination of all real and perceive	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,280	Since September 1997, what has been the rate of VAT on domestic fuel, the lowest permitted under EU law?	VAT Notice 708: buildings and construction - GOV.UK GOV.UK VAT Notice 708: buildings and construction Updated 23 August 2016 Do you have any comments or suggestions? Foreword This notice cancels and replaces Notice 708 (August 2014) and a number of amendments. The details of the changes to the previous version can be found in paragraph 1.2 of this notice. 1. Introduction 1.1 What is this notice about? This notice explains: when building work can be zero-rated or reduced-rated at 5% when building materials can be zero-rated or reduced-rated at 5% when the sale, or long lease, in a building is zero-rated when developers are ‘blocked’ from deducting input tax on goods that are not building materials when a builder or developer needs to have a certificate from his customer, confirming that the building concerned is intended to be used for a purpose that attracts the zero or reduced rate when a customer can issue that certificate to a builder or developer what happens when a certificated building is no longer used for the purpose that attracted the zero rate, the use for that purpose decreases or the building is disposed of the special time of supply rules for builders when a business, on using its own labour to carry out building work on a building or civil engineering structure that it occupies or uses, must account for a self-supply charge Further information on the above can be found in HM Revenue and Customs ( HMRC ’s) technical manual on VAT Construction VCONST . 1.2 What’s changed? The following changes have been made to this Notice. Paragraph 2.1 has been amended to show that a dwelling can consist of more than one building. 1.3 Who should read this notice? You may find this notice useful if you: are a contractor or subcontractor are a developer need to issue a certificate in order to obtain zero-rated or reduced-rated building work need to issue a certificate in order to buy, or long lease, a zero-rated building, or have issued the certificate mentioned above and obtained zero-rating but either no longer intend to use the building for a qualifying purpose or dispose of the building This notice may also be useful if you, as the customer or client of a contractor, subcontractor or developer, wish to satisfy yourself as to the correct liability of the supplies of goods and services being made by them to you. This is especially so in the case of DIY House Builders and Convertors (‘self-builders’), who contract VAT registered builders or tradesmen to carry out construction or conversion services and are charged VAT on those services. Some, if not most, of the VAT charged can be recovered by the self-builder through the provisions of the DIY House Builders and Convertors VAT Refund Scheme but only where that VAT that has been correctly charged in the first place. Further information about the DIY Scheme can be found on HMRC ’s website, go to Reclaim VAT on a new home or converting a building into a home . 1.4 What law is covered in this notice? The Value Added Tax Act 1994, Section 30 holds that goods and services specified in Schedule 8 to the Act are zero-rated. Schedule 8, Group 5 (as amended by SI 1995/280, SI 1997/50, SI 2001/2305, SI 2002/1101 and SI 2010/486) specifies when the construction (and the supply of building materials with those services), conversion of a non-residential building (and the supply of building materials with those services), sale, or long lease of a building is zero-rated. Schedule 8, Group 6 (as amended by SI 1995/283, SI 1995/1625 (NI 9) and the Planning (Consequential Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1997) specifies when the alteration (and the supply of building materials with those services), sale, or long lease of a protected building is zero-rated. The Value Added Tax Act 1994, Section 29A (as inserted by the Finance Act 2001, section 99(4)) holds that goods and services specified in Schedule 7A to the Act are reduced-rated. Schedule 7A, Group 6 (as inserted by Finance Act 2001, section 99(5) and amended by SI 2002/1100) specifies when a residential conversion is reduced-rated. Schedule 7A,	Denmark and the United Kingdom obtained special opt outs - BANKING - 101 View Full Document Denmark and the United Kingdom obtained special opt-outs in the original Maastricht Treaty . Both countries are legally exempt from joining the eurozone unless their governments decide otherwise, either by parliamentary vote or referendum . Sweden , which joined the EU in 1995 after the Maastricht Treaty was signed, is required to join the eurozone under the terms of its accession treaty as soon as it fulfils the convergence criteria, which include being part of ERM II for two years. However, the Swedish people turned down euro adoption in a 2003 referendum and since then the country has intentionally avoided fulfilling the adoption requirements by not joining ERM II, which is voluntary. Interest in joining the eurozone increased in Denmark, and initially in Poland, as a result of the 2008 financial crisis. In Iceland, there was an increase in interest in joining the European Union, a pre-condition for adopting the euro. However, by 2010 the debt crisis in the eurozone caused interest from Poland, as well as the Czech Republic, to cool. Lithuania adopted the euro in 2015. This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document Non-member usage The euro is also used in countries outside the EU. Four states – Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City have signed formal agreements with the EU to use the euro and issue their own coins. Nevertheless, they are not considered part of the eurozone by the ECB and do not have a seat in the ECB or Euro Group. Kosovo and Montenegro officially adopted the euro as their sole currency without an agreement and, therefore, have no issuing rights. These states are not considered part of the eurozone by the ECB. However, sometimes the term eurozone is applied to all territories that have adopted the euro as their sole currency.Further unilateral adoption of the euro (euroisation), by both non-euro EU and non-EU members, is opposed by the ECB and EU. Expulsion and secession Although the eurozone is open to all EU member states to join once they meet the criteria, the treaty is silent on the matter of states leaving the eurozone, neither prohibiting nor permitting it. Likewise there is no provision for a state to be expelled from the euro.Some, however, including the Dutch government, favour such a provision being created in the event that a heavily indebted state in the eurozone refuses to comply with an EU economic reform policy.Jens Dammann This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Our Lady of Fatima University, Antipolo City BANKING 101 - Summer 2015 Canadian Dollar History Importance of the Canadian Dollar The Canadian Dollar is the Canadian-Dollar-History	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,281	In which city are the headquarters of the Fiat car company?	Fiat History \| Italy Fiat History Submitted by admin on Tue, 03/10/2015 - 00:00 The logo of FIAT, one of Italy's best known companies Fiat has held a leading role in the automotive industry since its inception in 1899, at the dawn of Italian industrialization. From the moment they first appeared on the market, Fiat products, today ranging well beyond automobiles, have been extensively developed and recognized worldwide. Its logo has become a great status symbol due to a history of superior cars, prestige, history and tradition. Fiat 1899 to 1911 The charter of Società Anonima Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino or Fiat, was signed on July 11, 1899. Giovanni Agnelli was on the Board of Directors, but quickly distinguished himself as the Company's innovator. He was determined Fiat would be highly successful and had great strategic vision. Because of these qualities, he became Managing Director of Fiat in 1902. Fiat's First Factories and Races In 1900, the first Fiat factory opened in corso Dante, in Turin, with a workforce of 150 people. Fiat saw 24 cars roll off the assembly line that first year, including the company's first model, the 3 ½ CV. By 1904, a Fiat logo had been designed as an oval with a blue background. When Italy hosted the first Car Tour of the country, nine Fiats crossed the finish line. By 1902, driver Vincenzo Lancia won the Sassi-Superga uphill race, in the famous Fiat 24 hp model. Giovanni Agnelli, President of Fiat, represented the company on the racetrack, driving an 8 hp Fiat in the second Italian Car Tour and set a record in that race. In 1908, Fiat opened the Fiat Automobile Company in the US. The Company grew in leaps and bounds: at that time, a Fiat was a luxury item in America, costing thousands more than the average domestic car of the period. Fiat continued to grow at a swift rate and it wasn't long before the company expanded its product line with trucks, trams, marine engines and commercial vehicles. Towards the end of Fiat's early production period, the company was to undergo some changes, and overhaul its production. Fiat began fitting its cars with electrical accumulators, and also patented the cardan transmission. The Lingotto is a cornerstone of Fiat's history (by Alessadro at flickr.com) Under the new leadership of Giacomo Malle Trucco, construction of the famous Lingotto factory began in 1916. It was to be the largest factory in Europe, with a unique five floors assembly line that finished with a futuristic test track constructed on the building's roof. The factory was completed in 1922 and became the symbol of the automotive industry in Italy for decades to come. During WWI Fiat devoted itself to supplying the Allied Forces with weapons, aircraft and vehicles. New Sectors Fiat began to explore new sectors before and after WWI, becoming active in electricity, public transportation lines, railways and the steel industry. A subsidiary was established in Russia and Fiat Lubrificanti was founded. Crisis and Recovery When the war ended, a time of crisis hit Fiat and the company's factories were briefly held by workers of the Italian Socialist Party in 1921. Fortunately recovery came quickly and, by 1923, Fiat was already showing signs of growth, due in part to some very effective cost-cutting policies. At this time, Giovanni Agnelli was promoted to the position of CEO of Fiat. Several new car models were released, including the four-seat 509. Fiat set a goal to create industrial mass production in order to decrease the cost of their cars. A holding company was established to enable purchasers to pay for Fiats through installments. As the company grew worldwide, Fiat also grew internally between 1912 and 1925. They were quick to recognize their employees' needs and established a health care plan, sports clubs and specialized schools. Fiat Topolino: a piece of Fiat History (by argentum nitricum at flickr.com) When Mussolini's come to power in Italy, Fiat had to abandon many of its plans for an international presence. Fiat would now concentrate on producing the ne	Car Company Logos Car Company Logos By Mary Gormandy White In addition to being an essential part of advertising and brand identity, car company logos provide a powerful visual image for auto consumers. Each automobile manufacturer has a unique logo, many of which have changed dramatically over the years. In some cases, these logos are tied to the company's history in surprising ways. List of Car Company Logos Abarth Now Fiat's racing arm, Abarth's logo is rich with meaning. The scorpion represents the Zodiac sign of company founder Karl Alberto Abarth, and the shield is a symbol of passion and triumph. The colors beneath the name represent the Italian flag. Acura Honda's luxury brand features a logo that looks like a stylized letter "A" inside a circle. The symbol also represents the caliper, an important precision engineering tool. Aixam Now Aixam Mega, the logo for this French microcar manufacturer is simple and elegant, spelling out the company's original name and calling out the first letter with a bold "A" (or "M" in some cases) inside a circular graphic. Alfa Romeo This Italian exotic car brand has a complicated, circular logo featuring a red cross and a green snake with a dragon's head. These symbols represent the city of Milan, where the company was founded. Aston Martin The British luxury car brand has an iconic logo of a pair of wings with the company name. A version of this logo has graced Aston Martin cars since the 1920s. Audi This German automaker's four interlocking rings represent this history of the company as it started out as four smaller companies. Bajoun Bajoun is a General Motors brand made and sold only in China. The name means "treasured horse" - and that's exactly what the logo depicts. Bentley The British exotic car manufacturer features a winged logo with a letter "B" in the center. The wings in this logo call up the company's aerospace roots. BMW BMW's blue and white checkerboard pattern represents an airplane propeller, since BMW was originally an airplane manufacturer. The logo's colors and checks are from the Bavarian flag, where the company was founded. Buick This American car brand features a logo with three shields inside a circle. The idea for the shield came from the Buick family crest. Cadillac Cadillac has had many logos over the years. This current version features two stalks of wheat with a shield in the center. Chevrolet One of the most iconic American car logos, the symbol for Chevrolet is a simple angled cross with a longer horizontal line. The design is referred to as the Chevrolet bowtie. Chrysler There are several versions of the Chrysler logo, but the most recognizable is a pentagon with a star in the center, referred to as the Chrysler Pentastar. The current version is sleeker and simpler, suggesting wings. Citroen The double chevrons in Citroen's logo represent the Helical Gear, a Citroen invention that is used in every modern automobile. They also represent the company's commitment to technical innovation. Dacia This Romanian car brand has been part of Renault since 1999.The company is bold and simple, highlighting the company name in a shade of blue representative of one of the colors of the Romanian flag, on a bold, silver-tone graphic. Daewoo The modern logo of this Korean General Motors brand still bears the crown-shaped emblem from the company's early days. The shape is similar to that of a now defunct, but once popular, football club in South Korea. Daimler The Daimler logo is simple and elegant, conveying the same sense of understated luxury that this German car manufacturer is known for around the world. Datsun The Datsun brand is exclusive to Japan and emerging markets like India. The logo places the brand front and center, superimposed over a striking chrome and blue graphic. Denza As the first Chinese car brand dedicated to new energy vehicles, Denza's logo represents the company's values of responsibility to nature and society Dodge The logo for this American brand features is the manufacturer's name in simple block lettering. The two red stripes represent sp	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,282	What is the total if you add the number shirts of the two flankers in rugby union?	Rugby Program \| Rugby Ashley Jones Common Injuries/PrevalenceGarraway et al (2000) concluded in a study of professional rugby players, that an injury occurred for every 59 minutes of play and that the majority of injuries were to the knee, hip and thigh. In a New Zealand study (Bird et al, 1998), the injury rate was cited as 10.9 injuries per 100 player games. The lower limb was most injured both in games and during practice, with the most frequently occurring types of injuries, sprains and strains. It is interesting to note that more injuries occurred during practice rather than games. In games, the tackle was the most common game event to lead to an injury taking place. Foul play accounted for 13% of all injuries from this study. The results of this study contrast sharply with an earlier (Lewis et al, 1996) analysis of injury. They concluded that rucking produced the greatest number of injuries for men and youths while the tackle was the instrument of the game causing more injuries for women. Foul play accounted for 33% of injuries for men but only 17% and 19% for women and youths. An interesting study (Watson, 1995) on injuries in football from a posture and mechanics perspective, gives excellent insight into the effectiveness of a prescreening procedure linked to an individualised prehabilitation training program. The results of the two year study showed that players who suffered ankle injuries had a lower mean score for ankle mechanics than those who remained injury free. Knee injuries correlated very highly with lumbar lordosis and sway back. Whilst those players suffering back injuries were associated with poor shoulder symmetry, scapulae abduction, back asymmetry and spiral malalignments such as kyphosis lordosis and scoliosis. The study concludes by suggesting than “an intervention to improve body mechanics would be likely to reduce the incidence of sports injuries in football”. Prevention/Minimisation Strategies Musculoskeletal screening of all players and an individualised prehabilitation training program designed for year round use. Adherence to a year round strength and conditioning program. Vigilance of officials to foul play and severe penalties for instigators of foul play. Education of players for the laws of the game. Increased refereeing at the tackle and ruck/maul. Use of protective gear at practice and especially during games. Ensure selection of players for specific positions is based around the knowledge and experience of the player having played in the position and having the body type to fill the demands of the position. In unit games depower the scrum engagement, use of under 19 law may be: “Front row coming together. Each prop touches the opponents upper arm and then pause before the front rows meet. The sequence should be crouch, touch, pause, engage”. Or pack uncontested scrums to minimise any injury potential. Strength & Conditioning 1. Warm Up – Dynamic Movement Drills Work through this list of exercises and perform the movement over 22 metres where applicable or for 15 repetitions each leg, prior to performing the movements move around at a progressively quicker pace for 5 minutes. High knees – side to side 2. Jump Training for Wingers/Fullback and Lineout Jumpers The loading phase of each jump should be as brief as possible. Every jump should emphasise a vigorous thrusting up of the arms. Time will simply be wasted if your effort is not maximal. Rest between 1 and 2 minutes between sets and initially perform 1 set of 4 different exercises for 10 repetitions per set, a total of 40 contacts. Increase this by 10 contacts per week until you are at 100 contacts per workout, do not exceed 100 contacts per workout. You should do the jump workout twice per week after you have completed the dynamic warm up drills above and before any other training. Vertical jumps One step forward and vertical jump One step backward and vertical jump One step sideways and vertical jump Bench blasts – one foot is on a workout bench and the other is on the floor, push off high into the air and a	Rugby Football History Introduction The first games were held in Athens in 1896 but did not include Rugby. Rugby was added to the Olympic program for the second Olympiad and featured in the games held at Paris in 1900, London in 1908, Antwerp in 1920, and Paris again in 1924. Shortly after the Paris Games, the IOC cancelled rugby as an Olympic sport - even though rugby sold more tickets than the track and field events celebrated in the movie about the 1924 Olympics, "Chariots of Fire." Read about Rugby in the Olympics here Then it was cast out until a decision was made on October 9th, 2009 to introduce Rugby Sevens. In 1928 the IOC turned down the request to stage rugby at the Amsterdam games. Three factors were believed to be behind this: the IOC wanted more emphasis on individual sports; women's athletics had swollen the number of competitors; and the sport did not receive the backing that it should have from the British entries. Officials also cited the French crowds' behavior and the lack of widespread international participation. Both the Soviet Union in 1980 and South Korea in 1988 made attempts to have rugby readmitted, and it should be pointed out that South Korea came desperately close to achieving their aim. In a survey held by the Washington Post, Rugby was the most popular sport requested to be added to the Olympics so it was only a matter of time before it was included. Here I've collected various articles/information pertaining to attempts to re-instate Rugby as an Olympics event: Friday 18th February 2005 WWW.IRB.com Rugby aiming for Olympic glory once more As representatives of the International Olympic Committee visit London to consider which city should host the 2012 Olympic Games, the rugby world is in the middle of a lobbying process which hopes to make rugby sevens an Olympic sport for the 2012 Olympic Games. Although rugby has not appeared in the Olympics for the last 80 years, the 15-a-side version has appeared in four of the games (1900, Paris; 1908, London; 1920, Antwerp and 1924, Paris). The last time it appeared there were three countries involved (Romania, USA and France) and the USA beat France 17-3 in the final. As the match finished, the partisan French crowd were so riled by the result that there was a pitch invasion and several American supporters were beaten unconscious. Whether this was the reason for rugby's expulsion from the Games or whether it was the departure of the rugby loving Baron Pierre de Coubertin as IOC President, is not clear, but after an eighty year absence the International Rugby Board is currently in the middle of a new lobbying process which, it hopes, will enable the sevens version of the sport to be included. Mark Egan, Sevens Tournament Manager of the International Rugby Board, explains, “The IOC are meeting in Singapore in early July. Their main decision is regarding the host city but they are also debating whether to alter the programme of sports within the 2012 Olympics. Rugby is one of five sports being considered for inclusion along with golf, squash, karate and roller sports. We have previously been through this process and rugby was recommended to be included but the programme didn't change. To enable a new sport to become involved, there is the possibility that it would need to replace one of the existing sports as there are concerns by the IOC about the increasing size of the games, so it's not a straight forward process. There is no assurance that the programme will change but we are doing everything we can to persuade them that rugby sevens would make a great Olympic sport.” The IRB is currently going through a thorough consultation and lobbying process and an application was submitted to the IOC in November. We are working closely with the IOC, providing them with information about sevens and rugby in general.” Egan believes that it is the sevens version of the sport which would make an ideal Olympic event, “If rugby is included it will be the sevens format. Rugby union is a global sport with 116 member unions. S	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,283	a In 2013 who won the Best Director Oscar?	Best Director Winner: Ang Lee Wins Oscar At 85th Annual Academy Awards \| The Huffington Post Best Director Winner: Ang Lee Wins Oscar At 85th Annual Academy Awards 02/24/2013 11:37 pm ET \| Updated Feb 25, 2013 190 The Oscars took place in Los Angeles on Sunday, with Ang Lee being named 2013's Best Director winner. "Thank you Movie God," he said as he accepted his award. Lee won for "Life of Pi," leaving David O. Russell ("Silver Linings Playbook"), Steven Spielberg ("Lincoln"), Benh Zeitlin ("Beasts of the Southern Wild") and Michael Haneke ("Amour") winless on Sunday night. There's one name missing from that list: Ben Affleck. The "Argo" director was snubbed by Academy voters then proceeded win directing honors at virtually every single other major award show. "Argo" was nominated for Best Picture. Spielberg was thought to be the favorite for this category. The famed director has won twice before, 1993's "Schindler's List" and 1998's "Saving Private Ryan." Last year, Michel Hazanavicius won this award for "The Artist," a silent film that also earned star Jean Dujardin a Best Actor Oscar. Kathryn Bigelow, who won in 2011 for "The Hurt Locker" and directed this year's Oscar-nominated "Zero Dark Thirty," was also snubbed. Seth MacFarlane hosted this year's awards. For more on the Oscars' 2013 ceremony, including a full list of Academy Awards winners, check out the live blog below. 2013 Oscars	Here's why Birdman didn't deserve to win the Best Picture Oscar — and why it did - Vox Here's why Birdman didn't deserve to win the Best Picture Oscar — and why it did Michael Keaton and Edward Norton star in Birdman, which won Best Picture at the Oscars. Fox Searchlight Birdman , Alejandro González Iñárritu's bleak backstage comedy, seemingly filmed in one take, was named Best Picture at the Oscars Sunday, February 22, 2015. But did it deserve the award? We've got one writer in favor of the film and one who didn't like it as much. The case for Birdman By Alex Abad-Santos There's a moment in Birdman, which just won Best Picture at the 87th annual Academy Awards, that's slight but revealing. Edward Norton , playing method actor extraordinaire Mike, needles and prods Michael Keaton's Riggan about the fake gun he uses during the final scene of their play. "I don't even feel threatened at all," Mike says, eyes squinting. He's glaring, imploring Riggan to push himself and the play toward something greater. His argument: if art isn't making you feel something real, something uncomfortable, it's not inspiring. Norton's electric flourish seamlessly describes the swirling piece of cinema that is Birdman. It's a movie that challenges the way we absorb art, snarks on the idea of culture, spits in the face of critics, and makes no apologies or explanations for moments that would seem to warrant them. And it's a film that's also very worthy of its Best Picture win. There isn't a better ensemble cast this year Back in October, the initial rumblings surrounding Birdman suggested this was the film that was going to make Michael Keaton a movie star again. His scraggly, acidic take on the pained and burnt out Riggan is mesmerizing. It's as if Keaton is dumping Riggan's soul into a garbage disposal and holding down the switch At times, like when he's confronting the chilly New York Times critic Tabitha ( Lindsay Duncan ), it's as if he's dumping Riggan's soul into a garbage disposal and holding down the switch. These scenes are pure, pained magic. And moments later, he's soaring, cawing, and bending himself into physical comedy feats we haven't seen from the actor since Beetlejuice . Keaton's is a fantastic performance, but it's not the only one in the movie. Norton and Emma Stone were rightfully nominated in the supporting categories this year as well. The two buoy Keaton, giving him a blowhard rival to spar with and a daughter who reflects the consequences of Riggan's narcissism. Stone offers the kind of performance that in any other year (a year where someone doesn't devote 12 years of their life to a film like Patricia Arquette did) would warrant an Oscar win. Her chemistry with Norton, and the desperate emptiness that connects their two characters, could have easily taken up more of the film. Instead, it becomes a kind of seasoning, used here and there to highlight what's going on. That could apply to rest of the cast, too. Naomi Watts , Zach Galifianakis , Andrea Riseborough , and Amy Ryan all find ways to provide glimmers of humor or hushed humanity throughout this dark, snappy, film. In a lot of movies, you find yourself missing characters and the actors that play them when they're not on screen. Birdman is the only one this year where I missed the entire supporting cast. The One-Shot Wonder The most ambitious and perhaps the most divisive feature of Alejandro González Iñárittu's film is that the vast majority of it is made to look like a single shot. Cinematography, of course, does not a Best Picture make. And these sorts of devices don't necessarily make art better. But I can't help but appreciate the thoughtfulness that Iñárittu wove into his one-shot conceit. Perhaps it's because I haven't been in the depressing underbelly of a theater, but the pacing and composition of his shots — the zooming through narrow hallways, the use of levels to differentiate different scenes, the angles through which we see nooks and crevices of the St. James Theater — is spell-binding. One moment, the theater feels claustrophobic, like a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,284	John Bacchus played by Lee Ingleby is the sergeant to which TV police inspector?	BBC One - Inspector George Gently - John Bacchus Inspector George Gently John Bacchus Played by Lee Ingleby Bacchus was married to his Chief Constable’s daughter, Lisa, with a small daughter Leigh-Anne. He didn’t love Lisa but married her as she was pregnant, and because his father-in-law told him his career would be over if he didn’t. He was desperate to go to London and join the Met, but had snookered himself. He divorced Lisa – on her wishes – in series 4 and only occasionally sees his daughter. Bacchus is an intelligent and brilliant cop, but he doesn’t always play by the book. Lacking in patience he often wants to sprint through a case, leading him to cutting corners and sometimes breaking the law. Bacchus probably has a chip on both shoulders – he hates people cleverer and richer than him as well as hating people more stupid and poorer than him.	Homicide: Life on the Street (TV Series 1993–1999) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Homicide: Life on the Street TV-14 \| A police homicide investigation unit investigates violent crimes in the city of Baltimore. Creator: John Lange (Vincent D'Onofrio) becomes pinned between a subway train and the station platform. The Baltimore homicide department is called to investigate whether a crime has been committed or whether... 9.6 Bayliss and Pembleton bring in Risley Tucker, an Arabber, as the prime suspect in the murder of 11-year-old Adena Watson. With a ten-hour time limit, they try one last interrogation in a desparate ... 9.5 The department and community press the Homicide Unit to solve a cop-involved killing. With the lives and reputations of fellow officers at stake... 8.8 a list of 24 titles created 03 Apr 2011 a list of 23 titles created 17 Jan 2012 a list of 40 titles created 25 Jan 2012 a list of 22 titles created 04 Oct 2013 a list of 25 titles created 08 Nov 2013 Title: Homicide: Life on the Street (1993–1999) 8.6/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 4 Primetime Emmys. Another 21 wins & 82 nominations. See more awards » Videos Edit Storyline A one-hour drama inspired by David Simon's acclaimed non-fiction book "Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets." It is at once a mundane yet compelling look in and around a Homicide unit of the Baltimore Police Department, a group of determined individuals who are committed to their grim job at hand. Written by Karina Santos <tallulahg@aol.com> 31 January 1993 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia Barry Levinson wanted Richard Belzer as Munch after hearing him on "The Howard Stern Radio Show". NBC suggested Jason Priestley but Levinson refused. Belzer was the last cast member hired. See more » Goofs A couple of times, reference is made to the other shift of the Homicide detectives as being the "night shift". However, at the time, the squads of the Homicide department regularly rotated shifts so that no one group of detectives would routinely have the night shift. See more » Quotes Det. John Munch : [coming out of a bar and then saluting an American flag] I'm too damn sober. Referenced in Frequency (2000) See more » Frequently Asked Questions User Reviews From Book by former Baltimore Sun Crime Reporter, David Simon . Character Driven Series without becoming Soap Opera. Bold, Innovative, Unique and Very Memorable. (United States) – See all my reviews Ever since first encountering this Series, its title has held a certain fascination for this writer. First of all we have HOMICIDE, now that makes perfect sense. We've all heard that term used in countless Feature Films, Radio Dramas, TV Series, Pulp Magazines, Detective Novels, etc. Then we have the second part of the Title, "Life on the Streets", the Sub-Title if you will. This is also a very descriptive, loaded phrase. The discussion of being "on the Street" is certainly an authentic phrase, used by the "Real Police" as much as by any authors. But try putting the two together, as has been done here in this series and in the book that proceeded it, and what do you get? "HOMICIDE:Life On The Streets", is our answer but of course. But this is one Title that appears to be an instant oxymoron, for the juxtaposition of the two elements just doesn't blend. It would be much like blending Fire and Water, this Homicide & Life. And yet, we do see what the Series creator Paul Attinsano is driving at. Either term by itself would not be adequate. It's just another case of the sum of the parts equaling more than the total. Okay, now that we have that out of the way, let's start off by saying that there has never been a dramatic series that has started out to have such a high quality of story line and writing,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,285	Which ball game was invented by Dr James Naismith in Massachusetts USA in 1891?	Basketball \| James Naismith History The Origin of the Game of Basketball 1891 - Springfield, Massachusetts, USA One of the most popular sports in the world, played daily by millions of people had humble beginnings. Basket Ball (as originally spelled); created in 1891 in a Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA gymnasium has grown into a game played worldwide by more than 300 million people. The person responsible for the popular game was Dr. James Naismith (1861-1939). Dr. Naismith was a Canadian-American Physical Education teacher at the School for Christian Workers located in Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1891, under direction from Dr. Luther Gulick, the head of the School, Naismith was given 14 days to create an indoor game. The goal of this directive was to provide a creative and healthy indoor “athletic distraction” for a rowdy class of students during the brutal New England winter. James Naismith Naismith’s invention did not happen quickly. He struggled to come up with a game that met the objectives of his directive. At first he thought to bring outdoor games such as soccer or lacrosse inside. However, such outdoor games were not feasible due mainly to the small indoor space of the school gymnasium. Running out of time and at the limits of his patience, Naismith recalled a game he played as a child in Canada. Called “duck on a rock”, the game involved tossing rocks at another, larger rock atop a boulder and knocking the rock down. He also remembered observing rugby players throwing a ball into a box in the gymnasium. With creativity now flowing through his mind, Naismith had the idea of attaching boxes high on the wall and having players attempt to throw a ball into the box as a score. Having trouble finding boxes, Naismith used discarded peach baskets from the school cafeteria. Confronted with the problem of constantly needing someone to remove the ball from the basket, Naismith cut out the bottom of the basket, allowing the ball to fall through. It is believed that Naismith drew up the rules of his new game of Basketball in about an hour. Most of these rules still apply today. The game of Basketball became an instant success. The students found the game easy to play and the rules easy to understand. Moreover, the idea of getting a good exercise workout without having to go outside in the very cold winter was very attractive to the players and the coaches. The fans also liked the idea of not having to go outside in the cold to watch this new and fun game. Basketball became popular very quickly and its popularity spread widely. The graduates of the YMCA school traveled across the country and introduced their new game to people in towns and cities across the land. Naismith and his players disseminated the rules of Basketball freely and the need for an indoor sport by many schools and organizations helped spread the popularity of the game. As Basketball grew in popularity, Naismith did not engage in promotion of the game or push for publicity or self-promotion. His main interest was his career as a physical educator. He embraced recreational sports but was not enamored with the glory of competitive athletics. Naismith was a serious student and he was most proud to have earned four degrees in diverse fields of Religion, Physical Education, Philosophy and Medicine. Naismith never imagined or witnessed the immense popularity and huge financials of Basketball as we know it today. His biggest reward was when he was sponsored by the National Association of Basketball Coaches to witness his game of Basketball become an official Olympic sport at the 1936 Games held in Berlin. Naismith never earned money or fame for his unique invention during his lifetime. However, after his death in 1939 his many accomplishments and his historic invention of Basketball were widely and enormously acclaimed. Naismith’s name adorns the world’s only Basketball Hall of Fame. Naismith’s legacy includes coaching and launching the first great college Basketball coach, Forrest “Phog” Allen (1885-1974). Allen played	History - Nebraska Youth VolleyBall Nebraska Youth VolleyBall History Volleyball's history On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan , a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball . Another indoor sport, basketball , was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts , only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort. The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) high, a 25 ft × 50 ft (7.6 m × 15.2 m) court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents’ court. In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)—except in the case of the first-try serve. After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College ), the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball"). Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs. Excerpt courtesy of en.wikipedia.org/	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,286	Which rapper’s real name is Shawn Carter?	Rapper Jay-Z Sentenced To Probation \| Billboard Rapper Jay-Z Sentenced To Probation 12/7/2001 COMMENTS As expected, rapper Jay-Z (real name: Shawn Carter) has been sentenced to three years probation for stabbing a record producer at a New York nightclub, prosecutors said. The Grammy-winning artist ... As expected, rapper Jay-Z (real name: Shawn Carter) has been sentenced to three years probation for stabbing a record producer at a New York nightclub, prosecutors said. The Grammy-winning artist pleaded guilty in October to misdemeanor assault, admitting he stabbed Lance "Un" Rivera at a club party on Dec. 1, 1999. Carter accused Rivera of making and selling counterfeit copies of one of his recordings, then stabbed him with a five-inch knife at least twice, according to a police account. As part of a plea agreement, Manhattan Supreme Court Justice Micki Scherer sentenced Carter, 31, to three years probation. The rapper refused to talk to reporters, but his lawyer, Ben Brafman, said his client was pleased the case was resolved. Rivera, 35, did not file a lawsuit against the rapper, and the two settled out of court for between $500,000 and $1 million. Rivera later told prosecutors he was not interested in pursuing the case. As previously reported , Jay-Z's episode of MTV2's "Unplugged" series is scheduled to air Dec. 15 on the network. The performance, which finds him backed by an acoustic band and a string quartet, features a cameo appearance by Mary J. Blige. Copyright 2001 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,287	Who, an ironmonger by trade, created the first practical steam engine to pump water from mineshafts?	Thomas Newcomen (Author of Economics of power in Alabama ) edit data Thomas Newcomen (February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine for pumping water, the Newcomen steam engine. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling. He was born in Dartmouth, Devon, England, to a merchant family on 24 February 1664. In those days flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem, and Newcomen was soon engaged in trying to improve ways to pump out the water from such mines. His ironmonger's business specialized in designing, manufacturing and selling tools for the mining industry. Newcomen's great achievement was his steam engine, developed around 1710, combining the ideas of Thomas Savery and Denis Papin. It is likely that Newcomen was alread Thomas Newcomen (February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine for pumping water, the Newcomen steam engine. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling. He was born in Dartmouth, Devon, England, to a merchant family on 24 February 1664. In those days flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem, and Newcomen was soon engaged in trying to improve ways to pump out the water from such mines. His ironmonger's business specialized in designing, manufacturing and selling tools for the mining industry. Newcomen's great achievement was his steam engine, developed around 1710, combining the ideas of Thomas Savery and Denis Papin. It is likely that Newcomen was already acquainted with Savery, whose forebears were merchants in south Devon. Savery also had a post with the Commissioners for Sick and Hurt Seamen, which took him to Dartmouth. Savery had devised a 'fire engine', a kind of thermic syphon, in which steam was admitted to an empty container and then condensed. The vacuum thus created was used to suck water from the sump at the bottom of the mine. The 'fire engine' was not very effective and could not work beyond a limited depth of around thirty feet. Newcomen replaced the receiving vessel (where the steam was condensed) with a cylinder containing a piston based on Papin's design. Instead of the vacuum drawing in water, it drew down the piston. This was used to work a beam engine, in which a large wooden beam rocked upon a central fulcrum. On the other side of the beam was a chain attached to a pump at the base of the mine. As the steam cylinder was refilled with steam, readying it for the next power stroke, water was drawn into the pump cylinder and expelled into a pipe to the surface by the weight of the machinery. Newcomen and his partner John Calley built the first successful engine of this type at the Conygree Coalworks near Dudley in the West Midlands. A working replica of this engine can be seen at the Black Country Living Museum nearby. Newcomen died in 1729, and his body was buried at Bunhill Fields, a cemetery in north London; the exact location of his grave is now not known. By 1733 about 125 Newcomen engines had been installed by Newcomen and others in most of the important mining districts of Britain and on the Continent of Europe: draining coal mines in the Black Country, Warwickshire and near Newcastle upon Tyne; at tin and copper mines in Cornwall; and in lead mines in Flintshire and Derbyshire, amongst other places. There are examples of Newcomen engines in the Science Museum (London) and the Ford Museum, Dearborn amongst other places. In 1964 the Newcomen Society of London arranged for a Newcomen engine at Hawkesbury Junction, Warwickshire to be transferred to Dartmouth, where it can be seen working using a hydraulic arrangement instead of the steam boiler. According to Dr. Cyril Boucher of the Newcomen Society, this Memorial Engine dates from about 1725, with new valve gear and other parts added later. Perhaps the last Newcomen-style engine to be used commercially – and the last still remaining on its original site – is at the Elsecar Heritage Centre, near Barnsley in South Yorkshire. The only Newcomen engines that ca	Bill Sherwood's Trivia Page - archive page 4 On to page < 1 > < 2 > < 3 > < 5 > < 6 > The flag of the Philippines is the only national flag that is flown differently during times of peace or war. A portion of the flag is blue, while the other is red. The blue portion is flown on top in time of peace and the red portion is flown in war time. The phrase "sleep tight" originated when mattresses were set upon ropes woven through the bed frame. To remedy sagging ropes, one would use a bed key to tighten the rope. It was discovered on a space mission that a frog can throw up. The frog throws up it's stomach first, so the stomach is dangling out of it's mouth. Then the frog uses it's forearms to dig out all of the stomach's contents and then swallows the stomach back down again. A baby eel is called an elver, a baby oyster is called a spat. The arteries and veins surrounding the brain stem called the "circle of Willis" looks like a stick person with a large head. Welsh mercenary bowmen in the medieval period only wore one shoe at a time. Lake Nicaragua boasts the only fresh-water sharks in the entire world. The gene for the Siamese colouration in animals such as cats, rats or rabbits is heat sensitive. Warmth produces a lighter colour than does cold. Putting tape temporarily on Siamese rabbit's ear will make the fur on that ear lighter than on the other one. There are only 12 letters in the Hawaiian alphabet. Venetian blinds were invented in Japan. Armoured knights raised their visors to identify themselves when they rode past their king. This custom has become the modern military salute. Soldiers from every country salute with their right hand. Medieval knights put sharkskin on their sword handles to give them a more secure grip; they would dig the sharp scales into their palms. "Freelance" comes from a knight whose lance was free for hire, i.e. not pledged to one master. Giving the Finger Before the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the French, anticipating victory over the English, proposed to cut off the middle finger of all captured English soldiers. Without the middle finger it would be impossible to draw the renowned English longbow and therefore they would be incapable of fighting in the future. This famous weapon was made of the native English Yew tree, and the act of drawing the longbow was known as "plucking the yew" (or "pluck yew"). Much to the bewilderment of the French, the English won a major upset and began mocking the French by waving their middle fingers at the defeated French, saying, "See, we can still pluck yew! PLUCK YEW!" Over the years some 'folk etymologies' have grown up around this symbolic gesture. Since 'pluck yew' is rather difficult to say (like "pleasant mother pheasant plucker," which is who you had to go to for the feathers used on the arrows for the longbow), the difficult consonant cluster at the beginning has gradually changed to a labiodental fricative 'F', and thus the words often used in conjunction with the one-finger-salute are mistakenly thought to have something to do with an intimate encounter. It is also because of the pheasant feathers on the arrows that the symbolic gesture is known as "giving the bird." (This is but one possible explanation that I know of) It was illegal to sell ET dolls in France because there is a law against selling dolls without human faces. In the 1983 film "JAWS 3D" the shark blows up. Some of the shark guts were the stuffed ET dolls being sold at the time. Spider Monkeys like banana daiquiris. Dinosaur droppings are called coprolites, and are actually fairly common. The leg bones of a bat are so thin that no bat can walk. The giant squid has the largest eyes in the world. The first letters of the months July through November, in order, spell the name JASON. Moisture, not air, causes superglue to dry. Cyano-acrylate glues (Super glues) were invented by accident. The researcher was trying to make optical coating materials, and would test their properties by putting them between two prisms and shining light through them. When he tried the cyano-acrylat	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,288	At which Grammar School is 'Mr. Cleaves' a bizarre teacher, in the first series of 'Little Britain'?	Mr. Cleaves \| Little Britain Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Mr. Cleaves is a school teacher at the fictional school 'Kelsey Grammar School' . He is known for being a strict teacher who is very hypocritical, especially towards his students. He is one of the main antagonists in the first series. Things he's done Edit Demanding silence of his pupils during examinations while he would play the saxophone, vacuum, or set off fireworks. Asking students to read parts of novels aloud and, after a few words, cutting in and asking someone else (or a group of students) to read. Asking students to read with a Scottish brogue or "in the style of the Elephant Man. Playing the videotape of the book the class is reading when he himself proves unable to read with any fluency. Handing back tests on subjects such as popular British snackfoods and their properties, by throwing them ferociously across the classroom, and even to a student who is in hospital. "Smoky Beckham" was One. Kelsey Grammar School's Robot Edit One of the sketches centred around the school features a careers adviser robot as apposed to Mr Cleaves. The boy who he was advising says he wants to go into catering, but the robot told him their would be no jobs for humans in the future, robots would have all jobs. Then he prints out a booklet about robots and gives it to the boy. Then the boy leaves and the robot states "I am a robot". Appearences Edit Unlike most other sketches, Mr Cleaves and the Kelsey Grammar School in general only appeared in the first series, and was never seen in the second and third series. Despite this, the school and Mr Cleaves where one of the 'most seen' in the first series, although most sketches were very short being less than a minute long, usually around 30 seconds; this meant 2-3 sketches in each episode was common. Strangely, the sketch of Mr Cleaves 'introducing' himself to the class as a Biology teacher (even though he writes Mr Wells, French on the chalkboard) is seen well into the first series in episode 7, even though we see him and the class in every episode before that.	PLEASE SIR! \| A TELEVISION HEAVEN REVIEW PLEASE SIR! / THE FENN STREET GANG (1968) Possibly inspired by the 1967 Sidney Potier movie, 'To Sir, With Love' -'Please Sir!' starred former Emergency Ward 10 actor John Alderton as newly qualified teacher Bernard Hedges (specialising in History and English), as he tried to tame the most unruly class at Fenn Street School; 5C. On his first day at school Bernard crossed swords with caretaker Norman Potter (Deryck Guyler), a former Desert Rat with delusions of grandeur, although with some credibility as he was the right hand man of incompetent headmaster, Maurice Cromwell (Noel Howlett), who in turn was the subject of infatuation by formidable deputy head Doris Ewell (Joan Sanderson). This trio virtually ran the school much to the resignation of the rest of the disillusioned staff and the last thing they wanted to disturb the balance was a young schoolmaster fresh out of teachers training college and full of bright ideals about modern teaching. In order to curb Bernard's naïve enthusiasm it was conspired between the trio to give him a class of 'no-hopers', namely 5C. In their last year at school the pupils of this class were an uneducable bunch of delinquents who were simply biding their time until the final bell sounded on the last day of term. This of course did not involve participating in any school activities such as lessons. However, through a series of (comical) events Bernard managed to win over not only the staff but also the class of pupils (who nicknamed him 'Privet' Hedges) that contained 'hard case' Patrick Duffy (Peter Cleall), the tough talking but wimpish Frankie (Hank) Abbott (David Barry), slow witted Dennis Dunstable (Peter Denyer), flirtatious Sharon (Penny Spencer in the first two season's, Carol Hawkins thereafter), and Maureen (Liz Gebhart), who had a crush on her teacher. Support on the teacher front came from Richard Davies who gave a first class performance as the down to earth no-nonsense Welsh science teacher, Mr Price, and the aging Eric Chitty as Mr Smith, a teacher that was clearly beyond retirement age at the series outset. In fact most of the actors who played the students were already in their twenties when Please Sir! began in 1968 and two years later (at the end of the longest last year in school history) the pupils were clearly showing their age. The series made stars of several actors although oddly none of the students found lasting television fame. LWT Head of Light Entertainment, Frank Muir, cast Alderton as Bernard Hedges after he had spotted him as a teacher in the opening episode of Never A Cross Word. After leaving Fenn Street School the actor went on to several successful series such as Upstairs, Downstairs, it's spin-off series Thomas and Sarah, the LWT sitcom No-Honestly and a series of Wodehouse plays (Wodehouse Playhouse) for BBC (all of which Alderton co-starred alongside his wife, Pauline Collins), and the BBC sitcom My Wife Next Door with Hannah Gordon. Joan Sanderson won television immortality as Mrs Richards, the hotel guest with hearing problems in Fawlty Towers and after Please Sir! had finished she teamed up again with Deryck Guyler (who was originally cast as Fenn Street's headmaster) on a BBC radio show (also penned by the same writers), You're Only Young Once. A 1971 feature movie was released in which Bernard meets and begins to date Penny Wheeler (Jill Kerman), and this was carried on in subsequent TV series of Please Sir! and its predecessor, The Fenn Street Gang (which in turn spawned Bowler), which briefly followed the fortunes of the pupils after they left school. The series was the creation of former school chums and a new-to-television comedy writing team of John Esmonde and Bob Larbey, who went on to write Get Some In!; Ever Decreasing Circles; As Time Goes By and the enormously successful The Good Life. Actor David Barry has fond memories of working on the show and told Television Heaven that he thought the writing was always of the highest quality. "(They) wrote some wonderful comedy dialogue," he said, not	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,289	In which US state is Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport ?	About Us \| Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport Little Rock About Us About Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport is Arkansas’s largest commercial service airport, with nearly two million passengers annually. Also known as Adams Field, Little Rock’s airport hosts six airlines with dozen of daily departures and nonstop service to 14 destinations. At Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport, our main goal is to provide you, the passenger, with the best travel experience possible. Our Mission Statement reads: “To pursue all “Opportunities in Flight” to safely and efficiently connect our customers with the world and to promote economic development for all aeronautical activities.” We also strive to be a positive part of our community. To that end, our goals include: To build a state-of-the-art terminal facility to meet future demand To develop and implement a plan that attracts all levels of corporate aviation to the airport To locate additional sources of funding To become the employer of choice in the community To complete current land acquisition programs within the next three years To promote industrial development To continue to improve air service To continue to promote and enhance disadvantaged business enterprises (DBE) participation. We hope you enjoy your experience at Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport. Please contact us with any questions you may have.	Pennsylvania - U.S. States - HISTORY.com Motto: Virtue, Liberty and Independence Tree: Hemlock Bird: Ruffed Grouse Interesting Facts Named by Governor William Penn after his arrival in the New World in 1682, Philadelphia combined the Greek words for love (phileo) and brother (adelphos), engendering its nickname of “the city of brotherly love.” Although born in Boston, Philadelphia claims Ben Franklin as one of its sons as the renowned statesman, scientist, writer and inventor moved to the city at the age of 17. Responsible for many civic improvements, Franklin founded the Library Company of Philadelphia in 1731 and organized the Union Fire Company in 1736. On September 18, 1777, fearing that the approaching British army would seize and melt the Liberty Bell for ammunition, 200 cavalrymen transported the iconic symbol of freedom by caravan from the Philadelphia State House to the basement of the Zion Reformed Church in Allentown, where it remained until the British finally left in June of 1778. Now the largest city in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1790 until a permanent capital was established in Washington, D.C., in 1800. Both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were signed in Philadelphia. In July of 1952, Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine from the killed virus at the University of Pittsburgh. First tested on himself and his family, the vaccine was made available nation-wide a few years later, which reduced the number of polio cases from nearly 29,000 in 1955 to less than 6,000 in 1957. In 1903, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates competed against each other in the first official World Series of Major League Baseball at Exposition Park in Pittsburgh. In the best-of-nine series, Boston won five games to three. The worst nuclear accident in United States history occurred on March 28, 1979, on Three Mile Island near Harrisburg. Caused by a series of system malfunctions and human errors, the plant’s nuclear reactor core partially melted, and thousands of residents were evacuated or fled the area, fearing exposure to radiation. William Penn initially requested his land grant be named “Sylvania,” from the Latin for “woods.” Charles II instead named it “Pennsylvania,” after Penn’s father, causing Penn to worry that settlers would believe he named it after himself. Tags	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,290	Who won a Middleweight Boxing gold medal for Great Britain at the Beijing Olympics?	Olympics: James DeGale wins gold for Britain in middleweight boxing \| Sport \| The Guardian Olympics: James DeGale wins gold for Britain in middleweight boxing · Middleweight lands nineteenth gold of Games for Britain · Londoner beats Cuban but fails to win over crowd James DeGale wins gold for Great Britain. Photograph: Tom Jenkins/Guardian Saturday 23 August 2008 10.55 EDT First published on Saturday 23 August 2008 10.55 EDT Share on Messenger Close The unexpectedly long journey of British middleweight James DeGale at these Olympics today ended with a gold medal after he beat Cuba's Emilio Correa 16-14 on points. It was surely the scrappiest, messiest, ugliest contest of these Games - DeGale was even bitten by his opponent in the first round - but the genial 22-year-old from Harlesden was able to survive a raging comeback to become Britain's first Olympic boxing gold medallist since Audley Harrison in 2000. "There were only a few bits of the fight when I boxed like I wanted to," DeGale admitted, beaming from ear to ear. "But I've got the gold medal and that's what matters. I can't believe I've got it round my neck." Three times the fighters ended up on the floor as they tangled with each other, and there was plenty of holding and Saturday night swings too. It was so messy that it was hard to pick who was at fault, but the crowd clearly believed it was DeGale for immediately after he was awarded the win there was loud booing in the arena and chants of 'Cuba! Cuba! Cuba!' Afterwards DeGale admitted that he been "upset" by the reaction, adding: "It was disrespectful of the crowd. I don't know what they were doing. There was lots of holding and it was very scrappy, but most of it came from him. I was trying to wriggle free because I do my best boxing on the outside." There was certainly plenty of boxing from DeGale in the first round as his slick counters quickly established a 4-1 lead. Correa was already getting frustrated and just before the bell he was docked two points for biting DeGale in the chest. "He definitely bit me - look," he told journalists afterwards, pulling down his GB vest to reveal a series of small bite-marks on his left breast. "He got me with his gold teeth." Correa disagreed saying: "That's not a bite mark, it's the same as the marks he [already] has on his chest." With the scoring so low at these Games, Correa had to come out swinging in the second round, and that's exactly what he did. His approach got the crowd on his side and they booed loudly when he appeared to catch DeGale with a meaty hook that went unrecorded by the judges. The Cuban's tumbling, swing-on-sight approach made for an increasingly untidy bout and twice in quick succession the fighters tangled with each other and ended up on the floor. Going into the third, DeGale had increased his lead to six points - and rightly decided to get on his bike. However, after loud boos from the crowd he was harshly given a two-point deduction for holding. That pepped up Correa, who scored another three points in the second half of the round to close the gap to 12-10. The fight continued to be scrappy and both men again ended on the floor at the start of the fourth. The Cuban briefly pulled it back to 12-11 but DeGale scored two further points with his slithering jab to go 14-11 up. He looked to be home and hosed but in the last 90 seconds of the fight the Cuban threw everything at him. By the end DeGale was clinging on, and he was booed again at the bell and before the medal ceremony, but with a gold medal around his neck he soon had more important things to think about - including whether he would turn pro or not. Afterwards he insisted he would stay as an amateur for the London Olympics, provided his coach, Terry Edwards, remained in charge of the national team and he was given "sensible money" to train and provide for his family. "I want to win a gold medal in my home town of London," he said. "Obviously the money will have to be nice, and it will be hard to say no if they offer me £1m [to turn pro] but I want to sign a contract [to stay as an ama	London 2012 Olympics saw Team GB men and women clinch 29 Olympic gold medals \| Daily Mail Online comments Britain's athletes at the Olympics did not just exceed expectations, they smashed them, and in doing so a series of previously little-known athletes became household names. The total of 65 medals, including 29 golds, is the best tally recorded by Britain at any Olympics since 1908 - and 18 more than won in Beijing four years ago. It was also the Games when British women came to the fore - with first ever golds in rowing, stunning performances in cycling, Jessica Ennis in the stadium, and several riders in the equestrian events. Colin Moynihan, chairman of the British Olympic Association, said: 'It's the greatest team we have ever sent to an Olympic Games.' For IOC president Jacques Rogge, there was no doubt that Britain's record medal haul had been hugely important for the overall success of the Games. He said: 'London was a dream for a sports lover. Since the awarding of the Games in Singapore in 2005 I have said that we need home gold medals and that is so important for the mood of the general public. We had to wait two days but then it accelerated and it has been fantastic.' Scroll down for video Great Britain finished third in the overall medals table - one place better than hoped. Right, the breakdown of which sports brought in the medals Wednesday, August 1 Women's Pairs, Rowing Bradley Wiggins, Cycling, time trial World's best: Helen Glover and Heather Stanning stand proudly with their gold medals after winning the women's pair final at Eton Dorney Fervent support: Packed grandstands patriotically roar on the British rowers at Eton Dorney Support: Huge crowds lined the route to cheer Wiggins on to glory as he claimed GB's second gold of the Games Champion: Wiggins, posing with his gold after the time trial, briefly became Britain's most decorated Olympian - until Chris Hoy's Olympics started Thursday, August 2 Peter Wilson, Shooting, double trap Tim Baillie and Etienne Stott, Canoe Slalom, C2 double Men's team sprint, Cycling Farmer's son Peter Wilson, from Dorset, took gold in the Double Trap shooting - thanks to coaching sessions on Skype from a member of the Dubai royal family Double quick: Tim Baillie and Etienne Stott took a gold just two minutes after Wilson won in the trap shooting Right on track: Chris Hoy (right), Jason Kenny (left) and Philip Hindes took gold in the men's team sprint on Day Six of the Olympics Friday August 3 Men's team pursuit, Cycling Victoria Pendleton, Cycling, women's keirin Rowed to glory: Anna Watkins (right) and Katherine Grainger celebrate winning gold in the women's double sculls at Eton Dorney Fast and glorious: Britain's Ed Clancy, Geraint Thomas, Steven Burke and Peter Kennaugh on their way to gold in the final of the men's team pursuit Golden boys: (Left to right) Clancy, Burke, Kennaugh and Thomas with their medals Victoria Pendleton clinches gold in the women's keirin before celebrating with the velodrome crowd with a huge union jack Saturday, August 4 Shortly before lunchtime Andrew Triggs Hodge, Pete Reed, Tom James and Alex Gregory were victorious at Eton Dorney in the men's four. It triggered a gold rush, the likes of which had never been experienced by British Olympians. Also on the water, Sophie Hosking and Katherine Copeland claimed gold with an emphatic win in the women's double scull, before Team GB continued their domination in the velodrome with victory in the women's team pursuit. Then came those golden performances by Jess Ennis in the heptathlon, Greg Rutherford in the long jump and Mo Farah in the 10,000m to round off a remarkable day for British sport. Winning team: The men smiled widely during the medal ceremony for the Men's Four Final on Day 8 of the London 2012 Olympic Games at Eton Dorney Delight: Andrew Triggs Hodge, Pete Reed, Tom James and Alex Gregory led from the start to extend Britain's dominance over the Olympic event to 16 years Scream if you've gone fastest: Sophie Hosking (left) and Katherine Copeland react in joy and shock af	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,291	What type of rock is formed when lava or magma cools?	Three Types of Rocks That Form When Lava Cools \| Sciencing Three Types of Rocks That Form When Lava Cools By Hanna Lee Tidd Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images Lava rock, also known as igneous rock, is formed when volcanic lava or magma cools and solidifies. It is one of the three main rock types found on Earth, along with metamorphic and sedimentary. Typically, eruption occurs when there is an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure or a change in composition. There are over 700 types of igneous rocks, all of which have diverse properties; however, they can all be classified into three categories. Extrusive Extrusive, also known as volcanic, rocks are a type of igneous rock that form at the crust's surface as a result of volcanic activity. This type of rock occurs when lava flows on or above the Earth's surface and cools down rapidly. The lava comes from the upper mantle layer, 30 to 90 miles beneath the surface, and cools within a few weeks. Because the magma cools and solidifies quickly, the crystals that form do not have time to grow very large, and therefore most extrusive rocks are finely grained. The most common type of extrusive rock is basalt. Intrusive Intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rocks form underneath the Earth's surface when magma flows into underground chambers or tunnels. The rock is not exposed to the atmosphere above surface, so the magma cools slowly which allows large mineral crystals to form within the rock. It takes thousands of years for Intrusive rocks to form. A mass of this rock type is called an “intrusion.” Granite is the most common type of intrusive igneous rock. Hypabassal Hypabassal, or subvolcanic, rock derives from magma that has solidified at a shallow depth of the volcano, mainly in dykes and sills. This type of rock is formed in between extrusive and intrusive rock, and similarly has a texture in between that of intrusive and extrusive rock. This type of rock is rarer than extrusive and intrusive varieties, and often occurs at continental boundaries and oceanic crusts. Andesite is the most common type of hypabassal rock. Other Types Over 700 different types of igneous rocks have been discovered to date. These vary in terms of appearance, grain size and amount of time that it takes for the lava to cool. A common igneous rock rule is that if lava cools at a faster rate, the rock formed will have finer grains and have a glassy appearance; if rock cools at a slower rate, the grains will be larger and more coarse. Porphyritic rock is a type that has a combination of large and small grains; this occurs when a rock has a mixed cooling history. References	Cwm Idwal Cwm Idwal OS Grid ref:- SH655619 Llyn Idwal and Tryfan The spectacular hanging valley of Cwm Idwal, surrounded by the high peaks of Y Garn (3,107 feet / 947 metres) and Glyder Fawr (3,278 feet / 999 metres), lies in the Glyderau mountain range and is a classic example of a landscape which was dramatically sculptured by ice thousands of years ago. Llyn Idwal, measuring 800 metres long by 300 metres wide, is surrounded by towering high crags, screes, glacial moraines and wind shattered rocks, is named after Idwal, the son of one of the ancient Princes of Wales, Owain, Prince of Gwyneddd, legend relates Idwal was murdered by being drowned in the lake. Tradition further states that no bird flies over the lake, as a result of Idwal's terrible fate. The Cliffs of Cloqwen y Geifr The dark and brooding cliffs of Cloqwen y Geifr ( the Cliff of the Goat) form a dramatic backdrop to the lake. The plume of steam that rises from a crack in the towering rocks above, once viewed as having sinister origins, bestows another name on the area- Devil's Kitchen. The steam, however is actually the result of moist air coming into contact with the rock face, which forces it upwards, causing it to cool and condense, forming swirling clouds. Devil's Kitchen is known in Welsh as Twll Du, meaning black hole. Cwm Idwal is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), the cwm was also the first nature Reserve in Wales, being designated as such in 1954. Its fascinating geological features drew the famous nineteenth century naturalist Charles Darwin to the area. The area around the lake has much interesting geology and botany and is popular for walking, climbing and, in the winter months, ice climbing. The Idwal slabs and the cliffs around the head of Cwm Idwal are a particularly popular for rock climbing. Two further hanging valleys, Cwm Clyd, to the west and Cwm Cneifon, on the eastern side open into Cwm Idwal. Cwm Idwal is one of the best areas to see plants which were once very common during the cold glacial periods.The Cwm is the most southerly place in the British Isles where Arctic plants such as moss campion and some alpine saxifrages, including tufted saxifrage (Saxifraga cespitosa) and Saxifraga nivalis are found to grow in the cracks and crevices. The fascinating insectivorous butterwort catches insects in its leaves. The Snowdon lily (Lloydia Serotina), a protected species, also inhabits the area, a plant which can only be found in Britain, on Mount Snowdon and the surrounding area, it appears that the Snowdon Lily, known in Welsh as brwynddail y mynydd, has never had a wider British distribution. It is the only member of the genus Lloydia to survive outside central and eastern Asia. The purple veined, white flowers bloom from June onwards. The Snowdonia hawkweed, (Hieracium snowdoniense) is only known to occur in Cwm Idwal. Parts of ancient birch trees may be found buried in peat, even though there are no birches grow nearby today, itself suggestive that the Welsh uplands were formerly far more wooded than they are today. Snowdon Lily image copyright Chris Dixon The Route to Cwm Idwal Distance - around 2.5 km A highly panoramic short walk in the Glyderau range, which involves little ascending. Commencing at the car park at Ogwen Cottage off the A5 by Lyn Ogwen, keep to the left passing the Information Centre and follow the path which leads upwards along the course of the waterfall, continuing on to pass through an iron gate. Continue to follow along the clear stone path, passing a further picturesque waterfall via a wooden bridge. * Follow along the path, which provides panoramic views of Tryfan, Llyn Ogwen and Pen yr Ole Wen, passing the waterfalls at the outflow of Llyn Idwal on the right, until arriving at Cwm Idwal. Proceed along the track to the left or right to circumnavigate the lake. Retrace your steps to return to Llyn Ogwen.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,292	Who married TV and radio personality David Mitchell in 2012?	David Mitchell marries girlfriend Victoria Coren in a lavish ceremony and Peep Show co-star Robert Webb is his best man \| Daily Mail Online comments He is already known as one half of a double act – but yesterday David Mitchell officially became part of a rather more glamorous duo. The actor married writer and presenter Victoria Coren in front of a host of other television stars, including comedian David Baddiel and his actress wife Morwenna Banks, and former Blue Peter host Konnie Huq. Mitchell, 38, arrived at St Peter's Church in Belsize Park, North London, with his best man and comedy partner Robert Webb. Just married: David Mitchell tied the knot with Victoria Coren on Saturday in a star-studded wedding in North London The pair, who met at Cambridge University, starred in Peep Show – Channel 4's longest-running sitcom – and BBC2 sketch show That Mitchell And Webb Look. Miss Coren, 39, who wore a fishtail dress, was given away by her brother, food critic Giles, and her bridesmaids included presenter Claudia Winkleman. The bride is a professional poker player and hosts BBC4 quiz show Only Connect. She began dating Mitchell in 2010, but he has admitted being 'smitten' with his 'clever, funny, beautiful' wife since they met in 2007. The bride looked lovely in a traditional white wedding gown, which featured lace sleeves and a figure hugging bodice with a mermaid silhouette. She opted for a classic veil and kept her long blonde locks down and her make-up natural, while David went for a quintessentially English black tailcoat over his grey suit. Both David and Victoria beamed as they made their way into St Peter's Church to promise each other eternal faith. Mr and Mrs Mitchell: The comedian kisses his bride as they leave St Peter's Church following the ceremony The happy couple: Both the bride and the groom beamed as they made their way to a no doubt lavish reception The ceremony was attended by a range of celebrity friends, including Jimmy Carr, David Baddiel and Claudia Winkleman. And David's comedic partner and Peep Show co-star Robert Webb acted as best man, following his friend into the church to no doubt give him some last minute words of encouragement before the couple said their 'I do's'. David, 38, has been dating Victoria, 39, the daughter of late TV personality Alan Coren, since 2010 and popped the question in March of this year. Best man: David was seen earlier on Saturday making his way to the church in North London with comedic partner and best man Robert Webb in tow Groomsmen: The comedian didn't show any signs of nerves as he was about to tie the knot with the love of his life, Victoria Coren A British wedding: The Peep Show star looked dapper in a quintessentially British tailcoat over his grey suit The pair actually met at a showbiz party in 2007, and even though David admitted he was instantly smitten with the fellow writer and broadcaster, three years went by before they actually got together. She was in a relationship with someone else at the time and turned down the comedian's advances. In his autobiography 'Back Story', David spoke out about the agony of not being with the love of his life for those years, and how it led him to midnight walks in the park and frequent visits to the pub. ‘I was hopelessly in love. I told no one about it,’ the star discloses in his book. ‘I didn’t tell my closest friends or my parents of the enormous sadness that overshadowed my life.’ And the bride wore white: Victoria looked angelic in her stunning trumpet gown as she's helped by her bridesmaids, including Claudia Winkleman Traditional bride: The 39-year-old broadcaster opted for a classic veil over her white trumpet-style gown ‘I started walking for my back,’ he writes. ‘I kept going because of her. It made thinking about her more bearable.’ ‘I’d always liked getting drunk in the pub or at parties – now I had a real use for it.' 'You could use it to speed up time – almost like cutting to the next morning’s hangover. So I did that. A lot. A few times, when drunk, I’d get off with someone. The booze a	1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? 3. Will Young has been invited to take part in which panel show after saying he is a fan? 4. Nasty Nick Cotton is to return to which TV soap? 5. Which author earns £3m a week in royalties, it was revealed this week? 6. Which band release the album Dig Out Your Soul on Monday? 7. In which year was a World Cup final first decided on penalties? 8. What is the tallest and thickest kind of grass? 9. Which TV cast had a hit with Hi-Fidelity? 10. What nationality was the composer Handel? 11. What is most expensive property in the board game Monopoly? 12. Which Scandinavian group had a top 20 hit in 1993 called Dark Is The Night? 13. In which century was King Henry IV of England born? 14. Who directed the film Alien? 15. Who was the only person to win a medal for Ireland at the Sydney Olympics in 2000? 16. What did Nicholas Copernicus argue was at the centre of our universe, and what was the common belief before then? 17. Which three American states begin with the letter O? 18. In what year did Ruth Ellis become the last woman to be hanged in England? 19. Who was the first British monarch to choose Buckingham Palace as their home? 20. How many Jack’s eyes are visible in a standard pack of playing cards? 21. What is Britain’s largest lake? 22. Cameroon gained its independence from which European country in 1960? 23. Who had a number one in 1960 called Only The Lonely? 24. The 1964 film My Fair Lady was based on a play by whom? 25. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote the novels Agnes Gray and The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall? 26. Which American president once famously proclaimed: “Ich bin ein Berliner”? 27. Which element has the chemical symbol Pb? 28. What was the name of the murder victim at the beginning of the TV series Twin Peaks? 29. Who directed the 2001 film Mulholland Drive? 30. In horse racing, which three racecourses stage the five English classics? ANSWERS: 1. Rick Astley; 2. Othello; 3. Question Time; 4. Eastenders; 5. JK Rowling; 6. Oasis; 7. 1994; 8. Bamboo; 9. The Kids From Fame; 10. German; 11. Mayfair; 12. A-Ha; 13. 14th; 14. Ridley Scott; 15. Sonia O’Sullivan; 16. The Sun. Before then people believed it was the Earth; 17. Ohio, Oklahoma and Oregon; 18. 1955; 19. Queen Victoria; 20. 12; 21. Loch Lomond; 22. France; 23. Roy Orbison; 24. George Bernard Shaw; 25. Anne; 26. John F. Kennedy; 27. Lead; 28. Laura Palmer; 29. David Lynch; 30. Doncaster, Epsom, Newmarket Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,293	Mikhail Fokine was the chief choreographer to which ballet company from 1909 -1914?	Mikhail Fokine (1880-1942) Home / Andros / Biographies Mikhail Fokine (1880-1942) Mikhail Fokine is probably the best known choreographer of the 20th century. His ballets are still in the repertoire of most ballet companies. His staging of his Les Sylphides has been restored to American Ballet Theatre by Sallie Wilson. In my opinion it is a perfect ballet. Fokine originally choreographed Chopiniana (later renamed Les Sylphides) for a performance outside the Maryinsky in 1907, while still a dancer with the Maryinsky company. Mikhail was born in St. Petersburg April 25, 1880 and studied at the Imperial School, graduated at the age of 18 and entered the Maryinsky Theatre. He was promoted to soloist in 1904. He started teaching at the Imperial School in 1902, and choreographed his first ballet Acia and Galatea in 1905, for a student performance. A year earlier he had submitted a scenario for Daphnis and Chloe to the authorities, expressing his ideas that more attention should be paid to the integration of story, music, scenic design and choreography. In 1907 he created The Dying Swan for Anna Pavlova , which became her most famous solo. The first ballet Fokine choreographed for the Maryinsky Theatre was Le Pavillon d'Armide, and this ballet was also in the repertoire of the first season of the Diaghlev's Ballets Russes, in Paris in 1909. He became Diaghlev's chief choreographer, although, he continued to dance in Russia until 1918. Fokine was a strong dancer, but he will be remembered most for his great contribution in changing ballet. His ideas and changes were comparable to those of Jean-Georges Noverre and Salvatore Viganò, and he paved the way for Antony Tudor. Fokine left the Ballets Russes in 1912 because he was jealous that Diaghilev was favoring Vaslav Nijinsky 's choreography. He pursued a career as a freelance artist, working mostly in Scandinavia until he settled in the United States in 1923. He took many trips to revive the successes he had created for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Mikhail restaged his Les Sylphides for Ballet Theatre's first performance in 1940 at New York's Center Theatre. Fokine married Vera Antonovna, and their son Vitale, became a teacher in New York City. Many members of his family are still involved with dance in America. Some of the most famous of his 60 ballets are: Le Pavillon d'Armide Not to make combinations of ready made steps Dancing serves as an expression of its dramatic action Dancers can and should be expressive from head to foot All the arts should have complete equality (First published January 1995)	Index-a What does the workplace flexi-hours acronym TOIL stand for? Waterloo, the location of Napoleon's 1815 defeat, is in modern-day: France; Belgium; Spain; or Russia? G-BOAG, G-BOAC, and F-BVFC and the tragic F-BTSC designated what iconic 20thC invention? Name the core specialism of notable Anglo-Danish industrialist Sir Ove Nyquist Arup (1895-1988) and the global (Arup Group) corporation he created: Pharmacy; Structural engineering; Shipbuilding; or Food canning? The famous guitar maker founded in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1902 is: Gibson; Fender; Rickenbacker; or Gretsch? Calabria, flanked by the Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas, is the southern peninsular of which country? In the 1920s Japanese and Austrian physicians Kyusaku Ogino and Hermann Knaus devised the contraceptive method called popularly: Coil; Rhythm; Pill; or Condom? What boom caused gross exploitation of native people of Brazil and adjacent nations by European industrialists c.1879-1912: Rubber; Cotton; Gold; or Silk? What popular Spanish word has various meanings including go, hurry up, come on, let's go, up, upstairs, and above? If a fifth of the charges in a $60 bill are discounted by 25%, what is the total cost? What punning word is an animal's mother, a barrier, and a biblical expletive? The artists Monet, Manet, Degas and Cezanne are mainly noted for what style of art? Comprising 100 centavos, what is the currency of Brazil? What word, derived from Latin meaning to 'pay against the evil of something' refers to expressing disapproval? Ogilvy & Mather, WWP and James Walter Thompson famously operate in: Law; Advertising; Auditing; or Architectural design? What mathematical term originated from Arabic 'awar', meaning 'damage to goods', evolving through French terminology for an apportionment of shipping liabilities between owners of vessel and cargo? What herb is traditionally associated, besides garlic, with the pickling of a gherkin (US pickle)? Avian refers to: Birds; Bees; Apes; or Vikings? Derived from Latin for 'place', what anglicized French word commonly means 'instead' in formal communications? Which inspirational genius created the landmark film 'Modern Times' and its theme song, 'Smile', released in 1936? Brazil's first ever football match as a national team was in 1914 at Laranjeiras stadium, Rio de Janeiro state, against: Argentina; USA; Prussia; or Exeter City? What is/are 'pince-nez': Cream and wine sauce; Ferry tug-boats; Armless spectacles; or Four-legged trousers for dogs? The Arabic term 'Al-jebr' (reunion of broken parts) is famously associated with: Disaster relief; TV news; Twin skyscrapers; or Algebra? The UHF wireless technology developed by Eriksson in 1994 for data transfer between devices in close proximity is: Silverlip; Bluetooth; Rednose; or Goldeye? What is the '1c Magenta', which (at $20m) became the most expensive man-made object ever in terms of weight to value? A circular partner-swapping ballroom dance, named after a 1700s maritime leader, is the: William Bligh; Paul Jones; Horatio Nelson; or James Hook? The Stone Age was roughly how many years ago: 4-5,000; 50-100,000; 500,000-1million; or 1-2m? Originally a French portmanteau word combining a shoe and boot, what means 'wilfully destroy'? What is the recurring number when two-thirds is expressed as a decimal? A lodestone (or loadstone, from old English meaning 'leading-stone' or 'way-stone') is a naturally occurring what? Which controversial Swiss sports head, accused of racism, sexism and corruption 1990s-2000s, was once president of the World Society of Friends of Suspenders, which advocated women should not replace stockings and suspenders with pantyhose? Bambino is the family trust of which controversial business mogul, subject to criminal proceedings in Germany 2014? Boundary-pushing Dutch media corporation Endemol sought participants in 2014 for a reality show requiring the group to: Marry each other; Marry animals; Have face transplants; or Live indefinitely on Mars? The volcano Olympic Mons, three times taller than Mount Everest, and the highes	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,294	"In which European city is the criminal society called the ""Camorra"" based?"	Italian mafia: Who are Cosa Nostra, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta and Sacra Corona Unita? Italian mafia: Who are Cosa Nostra, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta and Sacra Corona Unita? May 7, 2015 19:40 BST Mafia boss, Toto Riina was arrested in 1993 (Reuters) The Italian organised crime scene has long been dominated by a multitude of clans and mob families, all generally referred to as "mafia". The term broadly implies these gangs, besides running a series of illicit businesses, also pervade the social environment in which they operate, influencing aspects of public and private life to cement their power. Based on the location of their heartlands, the various clans are traditionally divided in four umbrella groups: Cosa Nostra in Sicily, Camorra in Campania, 'Ndrangheta in Calabria and the Sacra Corona Unita in Apulia. Belonging to one group does not translate into an automatic alliance to other gangs populating them, as families are actually often at war with each other. Nevertheless, geographical contiguity does come with some shared distinctive traits. IBTimes UK takes a look at them. A map of Italy's four mafia groups and their regions of originIBTimes UK Sicilian mafia - Cosa Nostra Sicilian mafia is the oldest of the four Italian crime syndicates and, in fact, the term "mafia" was initially exclusively used to indicate what would have later become known as Cosa Nostra. "The issue of Cosa Nostra has been under the spotlight of public debate basically since the Italian unification (1861)," said mafia expert Salvatore Lupo, a professor of contemporary history at the University of Palermo. "Particularly in the city of Palermo and the surrounding province, we can trace some clans way back into the past, with a certain degree of continuity in their main family, stronghold and characteristic crimes." Illicit businesses Cosa Nostra reached its power peak in the 1980s and up to the early 1990s under the rule of Salvatore Riina, infamously known as the boss of bosses. Before his arrest in 1993, Riina waged an all-out war against the state with a series of high-profile assassinations, including those of carabinieri police general Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa and anti-mafia prosecutors Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino . The confrontation resulted in a heavy crackdown by authorities that, in the span of two decades eventually succeeded in significantly curbing Cosa Nostra's power. Once one of the main global drug-smuggling players, today the Sicilian mafia is mainly involved in local criminal activities, such as infiltrating public construction works and running extortion rackets. Curiosity According to Lupo, Cosa Nostra is the most bourgeoisies of mafias, as it has historically penetrated all levels of society, with associates holding medium and high political and business roles. "More than other crime syndicates Cosa Nostra has expanded from the criminal world to that of the so called respectable people," he said. Most wanted men Matteo Messina Denaro Born on 26 April 1962 in Castelvetrano, Trapani he is sought after since 1993 on a series of charges including mafia association, murder, mass killing and theft. Giovanni Motisi Born on 1 January 1959 in Palermo, he is sought after since 1998 on a series of charges including mafia association and mass killing. He has also to serve a life term. 1 of 2 Cosa Nostra fugitive Matteo Messina DenaroItaly's interior ministry Cosa Nostra fugitive Matteo Messina DenaroItaly's interior ministry Mafia fugitive Giovanni MotisiItaly's interior ministry Calabrian mafia - 'Ndrangheta In recent years, ' Ndrangheta has become Italy's most powerful and feared mafia group. Part of its criminal success is owed to its secretive nature. As clans are founded on strict blood ties, members rarely turn informers, making detectives' work harder. "They do not cooperate with authorities because to them it means turning in a relative, a son, a cousin or a nephew," explained Enzo Ciconte, a professor of organised crime history at Rome's University. "Such structure also allows clans to create a stable presence abroad. Families of	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,295	The 1618 'Defenestration of Prague' triggered which war?	Defenestration of Prague \| 1618 \| Britannica.com Defenestration of Prague Citizen Genêt Affair Defenestration of Prague, (May 23, 1618), incident of Bohemian resistance to Habsburg authority that preceded the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War . In 1617 Roman Catholic officials in Bohemia closed Protestant chapels that were being constructed by citizens of the towns of Broumov and Hrob, thus violating the guarantees of religious liberty laid down in the Letter of Majesty (Majestätsbrief) of Emperor Rudolf II (1609). The tower at Hradčany (Prague Castle), the site of the Defenestration of Prague. DigitalExtropy In response, the defensors, appointed under the Letter of Majesty to safeguard Protestant rights, called an assembly of Protestants at Prague , where the imperial regents, William Slavata and Jaroslav Martinic , were tried and found guilty of violating the Letter of Majesty and, with their secretary, Fabricius, were thrown from the windows of the council room of Hradčany ( Prague Castle ) on May 23, 1618. Although inflicting no serious injury on the victims, that act, known as the Defenestration of Prague, was a signal for the beginning of a Bohemian revolt against the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II , which marked one of the opening phases of the Thirty Years’ War. Learn More in these related articles: Bohemia historical country of central Europe that was a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire and subsequently a province in the Habsburgs ’ Austrian Empire. Bohemia was bounded on the south by Austria, on the west by Bavaria, on the north by Saxony and Lusatia, on the northeast by Silesia, and on the... Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648,... in history of Europe: The crisis in the Habsburg lands The Defensors created by the Letter of Majesty expressed strong objection to these measures and summoned the Estates of the realm to meet in May 1618. When the regents declared the meeting illegal, the Estates invaded the council chamber and threw two Catholic regents, together with their secretary, from the window. Next, a provisional government (known as the Directors) was created and a small... More about Defenestration of Prague 3 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Article Title: Defenestration of Prague Website Name: Encyclopædia Britannica Date Published: June 11, 2010 URL: https://www.britannica.com/event/Defenestration-of-Prague-1618 Access Date: Ja	Prime Ministers of Great Britain political party 1721-42 Sir Robert Walpole - Restored confidence in the country following the South Sea Bubble financial crash of 1720. Dominated the political scene during the reigns of George I and George II. George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street. Walpole resigned as a consequence of his perceived mis-handling in dealing with the War of Jenkins' Ear . Whig 1742-43 Earl of Wilmington - Suffering poor health for most of his time as Prime Minister, he died in office. Whig 1743-54 Henry Pelham - During his time in the post he oversaw the the British involvement in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744-48, the 1745 Jacobite Rising and the adoption of the Gregorian calender . He died in office. Whig 1754-56 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Assumed the office of Prime Minister just 10 days after the death of his brother Henry Pelham. During the Seven Years' War, he was blamed for the loss of Minorca and was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire. Whig 1756-57 William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire - In a government effectively controlled by Pitt the Elder, Devonshire's administration was brought to end following the dismissal of Pitt by the king, it was replaced by the Second Newcastle Ministry. Whig 1757-62 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Returning to office with Pitt the Elder as Southern Secretary, this government helped steer Britain to ultimate victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. Whig 1762-63 John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute - A favourite of George III, he was the first Scot to hold the top office. Unpopular with the 'great unwashed', he introduced a tax on cider in order to help pay for the Seven Years' War. He resigned following fierce criticism of his handling of the peace negotiations. Tory The Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Viscount Melbourne 1828-30 Arthur Welleslley, 1st Duke of Wellington - The second Irish-born Prime Minister and second veteran general, perhaps more famous as a soldier of the Napoleonic Wars than a politician. Is said to have commented after his first Cabinet meeting: “An extraordinary affair. I gave them their orders and they wanted to stay and discuss them.” He introduced the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, removing many of the restrictions on Catholics in the UK. Resigned after a vote of no confidence. Tory 1830-34 Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey - Famous for the blend of tea named after him, his political achievements included the Reform Act of 1832, which started the process of electoral change that we recognise today. His other legacies included the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire and restrictions concerning the employment of children. He resigned after disagreements over his Irish policies. Whig 1834 William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - The last Prime Minister to be dismissed by a Sovereign, King William IV. Whig 1834-35 Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - At the second time of asking, Peel accepted King William IV’s invitation to form a government. Head of a minority government, he resigned following a number of defeats in Parliament. Whig 1835-41 William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - Returning to office for the second time, Melbourne found the new Queen Victoria much more agreeable than William IV. Tutoring the young queen in the ways of politics, they formed a close relationship. He resigned after a series of parliamentary defeats. Whig 1841-46 Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - Returning to office for the second time, Peel introduced important employment laws that banned women and children from working underground in mines, in addition The Factory Act of 1844 limited the hours of work for children and women. Unable to feed a starving Ireland, he finally succeeded in repealing the Corn Laws. Conservative 1846-52 Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell - Russell was the last Whig Prime Minister. His Public Health Act of 1848 improved the sanitary conditions of towns and cities. He was in office at the time of The Great Exhibition of 1851 . Whig 1852 Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby - Co	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,296	The diameter of a standard CD measures how many centimetres?	CD Measurements \| Dimensions Info CD Measurements As a standard in storing audio and digital data, we tend to think of the Compact Disc as a relatively recent innovation. But in fact, the format has been around since the 1980’s, and the technology had been in development as far back as the 1970’s. Spinning-off from the Laserdisc video format, Sony had been developing optical digital audio disc technology, with public demonstrations in September 1976 and September 1978. Philips would demonstrate their own prototype in March 8, 1979. Later that same year, both firms jointly began developments on the Compact Disc-Digital Audio (CD-DA) format. Following a year of discourse and testing, the co-manufacturing effort would yield the Red Book audio CD standard. The first CD test recording, Richard Strauss’ Eine Alpensinfonie (“An Alpine Symphony”) by the Berlin Philharmonic, was pressed in 1981. In October 1, 1982, Sony unveiled the first CD player, the CDP-101, and the first commercially-released CD album (“52nd Street” by Billy Joel). In 1983, Sony and Philips co-produced the Yellow Book CD-ROM standard, which now enabled the compact disc to store read-only digital information for use on a computer. The most common measurement for a regular compact disc is a diameter of 120 mm (12 cm). These standard-sized CD’s can contain 74 up to 99 minutes of sound and are capable of holding 650 to 870 MB of digital data. This size has since been used for successive CD formats such as Super Audio CD (SACD), Super Video CD (SCVD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), High Definition DVD (HD DVD), and Blu-ray. Mini CD’s have a measurement of 80 mm (8 cm), with an audio capacity of 21 to 24 minutes and a CD-ROM data capacity of 185 to 210 MB. The format was initially intended for CD singles, but it never really caught on. At present, most singles (referred to as Maxi singles) are released on the 120 mm standard compact disc size. Mini-CD’s are still in use as device drivers. Aside from the two standard CD measurements, there are also so-called Novelty CD’s that come in various sizes and shapes. Mainly used for marketing purposes, the most frequent variety is the “Business card” CD, which is basically a single compact disc with the top and bottom portions of it removed to make it look like a business card. Its diameters are 85×54 mm to 86×64 mm, with a 6-minute audio capacity and a 10 to 65 MB data capacity. Follow Us!	Sports Sports With which sport would you most associate the commentator Ted Lowe? The 'Green Jacket' is presented to the winner of which sporting event? From what bridge does the Oxford/Cambridge boat race start? In which Olympics did Steve Redgrave win his first Olympic gold medal? In what sport do players take long and short corners? By what name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento better known? For half a mark each, give the nationality and the team (2003) of Fernando Alonso, the youngest-ever grand prix winner? What is the 'perfect score' in a game of Ten Pin Bowling? Which current premier league football team had an obsolete nickname of the Glaziers? What is the name of the new Leicester Football club stadium? What is the highest-achieveable break in snooker?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,297	Which piece of classical music was heard at the beginning of the Stanley Kubrick film 2001: A Space Odyssey ?	2001: a space odyssey - The Music THE MUSIC To compose the music for 2001: A Space Odyssey, Stanley Kubrick called upon Alex North, who had written the score for Spartacus (the film that had made Kubrick bankable, after Paths of Glory had earned him his art-film credentials). North was mostly a composer of jazz-based music for "small subject" films - A Streetcar Named Desire; Death Of A Salesman; Unchained; The Rainmaker; The Long, Hot Summer; The Children's Hour; The Misfits; Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf? Composing the music for the epic Spartacus led to more "spectacular" scores, such as Cleopatra, The Agony And The Ecstasy, and Shoes Of The Fisherman. But from the very beginning of the 2001 project, something was wrong. Kubrick "was direct and honest with me concerning his desire to retain some of the 'temporary' music tracks which he had been using," North would later recall. "Somehow I had the hunch," he said, "that whatever I wrote to supplant Strauss' 'Zarathustra' would not satisfy Kubrick." He was right. Neither the director nor the composer could finally live with a score that was part North's original work and part excerpts from classical pieces. The "temporary" tracks were what Kubrick used in the completed film. Whatever the motivation behind it, Kubrick's decision to use preexisting classical music - like everything else about 2001 - went against the grain of the science-fiction film genre. Most of what passed for science-fiction films before 2001 employed fairly conventional film music, though the best of them were often distinguished by futuristic experimentation, such as Bernard Herrmann's remarkable score for The Day The Earth Stood Still, the "electronic tonalities" created by Luis and Bebe Barron for Forbidden Planet, and the theramin-based "space music" that quickly became a cliché. "'The Blue Danube,'" Kubrick remarked in an interview, "gets about as far away as you can from the cliché of space music." Both the most widely loved and the most frequently lampooned of the waltzes of Johann Strauss Jr., "The Blue Danube" was given new life when Kubrick associated it with the dancelike poetics of weightlessness. So hauntingly perfect was his use of the Strauss waltz to accompany the graceful descent of spacecraft in silent space that today few people can think of either without the other. Perhaps sensing the rightness of this conjunction of music and image, Kubrick reprised the waltz for the film's end titles, sending the audience away with something they could hum and deftly supplanting the disturbing open-endedness of his finale with comfortingly familiar rhythm and melody. There is a certain irony in Kubrick's decision to use a composition of Aram Khachaturian's in 2001 in preference to Alex North's music: North had scored Spartacus, Kubrick's film of the epic story of gladiator/slave rebellion that Khachaturian had himself scored for ballet. Khachaturian worked on his Spartacus music beginning as early as 1950, producing three different versions - the final one of which was premiered in 1968, the same year that 2001 appeared. Much earlier, Khachaturian had composed the popular Gayane, a massive four-act ballet about crisis and reconstruction on a Soviet collective farm, filled with spirited Russian dances, of which the popular concert piece "Sabre Dance" is best known. Kubrick's use of the languid, melancholic Adagio from Gayane to accompany the flight of Discovery toward Jupiter is a stroke of genius. It amplifies the monotony of the astronauts' existence aboard the ship and adds an overtone of near-hopelessness. The crew is, after all, not only in an empty and sterile environment but also millions of miles from home (and, as we later learn, doomed never to return). The mood created by this use of the Khachaturian adagio finds a more recent echo in Oliver Stone's Platoon (1986): Samuel Barber's mournful Adagio For Strings floods the film with foreboding and despair as a yawning air transport disgorges its cargo of doomed recruits on	2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error 2001: A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) G \| From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Humanity finds a mysterious, obviously artificial object buried beneath the Lunar surface and, with the intelligent computer H.A.L. 9000, sets off on a quest. Director: a list of 28 titles created 24 Apr 2011 a list of 30 titles created 06 Feb 2012 a list of 25 titles created 02 Apr 2013 a list of 23 titles created 28 Nov 2014 a list of 24 titles created 10 months ago Title: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) 8.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 1 Oscar. Another 13 wins & 7 nominations. See more awards » Videos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3/10 X In future Britain, Alex DeLarge, a charismatic and psycopath delinquent, who likes to practice crimes and ultra-violence with his gang, is jailed and volunteers for an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government in an effort to solve society's crime problem - but not all goes according to plan. Director: Stanley Kubrick A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. Director: Stanley Kubrick A pragmatic U.S. Marine observes the dehumanizing effects the Vietnam War has on his fellow recruits from their brutal boot camp training to the bloody street fighting in Hue. Director: Stanley Kubrick During the Vietnam War, Captain Willard is sent on a dangerous mission into Cambodia to assassinate a renegade colonel who has set himself up as a god among a local tribe. Director: Francis Ford Coppola An insane general triggers a path to nuclear holocaust that a war room full of politicians and generals frantically try to stop. Director: Stanley Kubrick 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X After a space merchant vessel perceives an unknown transmission as distress call, their landing on the source moon finds one of the crew attacked by a mysterious lifeform. Continuing their journey back to Earth with the attacked crew having recovered and the critter deceased, they soon realize that its life cycle has merely begun. Director: Ridley Scott Marty McFly, a 17-year-old high school student, is accidentally sent 30 years into the past in a time-traveling DeLorean invented by his close friend, the maverick scientist Doc Brown. Director: Robert Zemeckis A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. Director: Martin Scorsese A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. Director: Milos Forman After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. Director: Quentin Tarantino Archaeologist and adventurer Indiana Jones is hired by the U.S. government to find the Ark of the Covenant before the Nazis. Director: Steven Spielberg The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. Director: Quentin Tarantino Edit Storyline "2001" is a story of evolution. Sometime in the distant past, someone or something nudged evolution by placing a monolith on Earth (presumably elsewhere throughout the universe as well). Evolution then enabled humankind to reach the moon's surface, where yet another monolith is found, one that signals the monolith placers that humankind has evolved that far. Now a race begins between computers (HAL) and human (Bowm	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,298	With which English county do you most associate stargazy pie?	Jim's Quizzer \| Free quizzes for ever \| Page 6 Free quizzes for ever The first of an occasional “themed” quiz for you. The Film Quiz 1 1 “Nobody Does It Better” is the theme from which of the Bond films? 2 In what type of book shop did Hugh Grant’s character work in Notting Hill? 3 What was the name of the forest planet in the film Avatar? 4 Who played Dr Who in the 1965 film Doctor Who & the Daleks? 5 Apart from Earth, which other planet features in the Schwarzenegger film Total Recall? 6 Who was Whoopie Goldberg hiding from in Sister Act? 7 Which film was the first to feature the Sensurround special effect in cinemas? 8 Which of the Marx Brothers played the piano? 9 In which 1992 film did Sharon Stone show Michael Douglas that she wasn’t wearing underwear? 10 Which comedian played Billy Bones in A Muppet Treasure Island in 1996? 11 Which Marilyn Monroe film shares its name with a 1966 hit by the Hollies? 12 Tom Dick & Harry were the 3 tunnels in The Great Escape but which one did they escape from? 13 Which country’s bobsleigh team features in the film Cool Runnings? 14 What was the first name of Macauley Culkin’s character in Home Alone? 15 The animated film Tangled features which fairy tale character? Answers 1 The Spy Who Loved Me 2 Travel 1 Which hat is named after a city in Morocco? 2 What was the price on the Mad Hatter’s hat in Alice in Wonderland? 3 Which military headgear is also the surname of a famous football manager? 4 The name of which hat is part of the title of a classic F Scott Fitzgerald book? 5 Who had a top 10 hit in 1975 with All Around My Hat? Precious Stones 6 America & Love on the Rocks by Neil Diamond feature on the soundtrack of which 1980 film? 7 Beryl the Peril featured in which comic? 8 In which year was Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee? 9 The end theme to which TV series was a song called “Aqua Marina” (which is nearly a precious stone)? 10 What were the names of Alf Garnett’s wife, daughter & son-in-law in Till Death Us Do Part? Sex Scandals 11 What was the name of the White House intern who didn’t have sex with Bill Clinton (he said)? 12 Who was given 4 years in prison for perjury after an encounter with Monica Coghlan in Mayfair in 1987? 13 What was the name of the assistant that David Beckham was supposed to have had an affair with? 14 Which singer was arrested for a lewd act in the restroom of the Will Rogers Memorial Park, Beverley Hills in 1998? 15 Who resigned from MacMillan’s government as a result of an affair with Christine Keeler & what was he Minister for? Eighties 16 In 1984, which hotel in Brighton was bombed by the IRA in an attempt to assassinate Margaret Thatcher? 17 What was the name of the budget trans-Atlantic service operated by Laker Airways which went bust in 1982? 18 Who was minister of Health who caused a panic about salmonella in eggs in 1988? 19 At which Olympics did Steve Redgrave win his 1st Gold Medal? 20 What was the name of the volcano that erupted in the USA in 1980 & in which US State is it? General Knowledge 21 Which current BBC TV series is based on books written by Winston Graham? 22 What is the last US State alphabetically? 23 Who played Millie in the film Thoroughly Modern Millie? 24 Caroline Lucas is joint leader of which British political party? 25 How many sides does a heptagon have? 26 The main character says “Good luck, everyone” & blows a whistle at the end of which TV series? 27 Guernica by Picasso was painted in response to bombings during which war? 28 Which of his senses did Stevie Wonder lose in a car accident in 19	Fish Recipe Stargazy Pie Menu Fish Recipe Stargazy Pie Star Gazy Pie Serves 8. There are as many variations of this classic Cornish fish recipe as there is fish in the sea. Some recipes suggest use small mackerel, herring, and sardine, but we will use only one fish the humble pilchard. Stargazy Pie Ingredients: Serves 8. Ingredients. One 8" (200mm) shallow pie dish. 6 to 8 pilchard. 2 eggs. 3 rashers bacon. 1 lemon. One medium sized onion. Salt and pepper to season, (sea salt for greater authencity). Parsley and tarragon for flavouring and garnish. Cornish Fish Recipe Method Gut, clean and bone the fish, leaving on the heads and tails. (You may find the flesh is so fresh you can pull the backbone free just using your fingertips without needing a knife.) Take the onion. Finely chop. Chop into squares the bacon. Cut the lemon in half; set two slices from to one side for decoration. Squeeze and save the juice. Finely grind the rind. Boil until soft, not hard two free-range eggs. Cut into small dices. Either mix and roll enough ingredients to make approx. 500g of shortcrust or flaky pasty. (We suggest if you don't have the patience buy some ready prepared frozen pasty from the your local supermarket. Cut the thawed pasty mixture into two halves.) Roll one half down to thickness sufficient to cover the base of your pie dish. Cut off the overlapped edges. Coat the edge with either milk or water to ensure the pasty lid will stick. Either then: Carefully your pilchards, into the bottom of the dish arranging them, like the spokes of a wheel, around the edge of your dish. Place the mixed chopped onion, eggs and bacon in the gaps between the fish. Some recipes suggest stuffing the with half the finely chopped mixture, but given the small gut of the pilchard is it worth trying to do so? Add the lemon juice and cover with your pasty lid pressing down around the fish to seal the pie, trim the edges of overlapping pasty and crimping the edges in true Cornish style. Or (and we find this more authentic) place all your chopped ingredients, including seasoning into the dish. Cover with pasty lid, trim the edges of overlapping pasty, crimp as above, then carefully cut slits into the pasty, hold open with blade of a knife, and gently push the whole fish into the slots, leaving just the heads or tails showing. Add the lemon juice and then seal the slits. Coat the now completed pie with a beaten egg. Cooking your Pie Place in the middle of a pre-hearted oven gas mark 6, 200 c for around 30 minutes, until golden brown. For larger pies more time might be needed before it is cooked. Serve piping hot with sprig of parsley garnish and Cornish new potatoes. Star Gazy Pie History and Folklore-Cornwall Star Gazy Pie is a dish unique to Mousehole (a fishing village in West Cornwall with a most beautiful harbour). Prepared in the Ship Inn, ate on 23rd December- Tom Bawcock's Eve. Long ago Winter storms had prevented the fishing boats putting to sea. In a lull in the bad weather one of their number Tom Bawcock managed to catch enough fish to prevent the village from starving. A pie of many fishes was made from the catch -Star Gazy Pie. Nowadays the village is famous for its Christmas Lights A spectacular and dazzling Display of Illuminations from Dancing Reindeer to Santa Claus, to Christmas Pudding complete with sprigs of holly. A church with music playing. A cross with two angels. And not forgetting a Star Gazy Pie in lights.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,299	Which 1980 supergroup consisting of George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison, Tom Petty and Bob Dylan decided to use a word with a single 'L' instead of a double 'L' in their name because the band started in America and consisted of three Americans and only two Britons?	[Blog] Ric Zweig - Singer, Songwriter Evidence Of A Divine Being Posted on: 10/18/2015 Mankind has debated the existence of a higher and divine being since the advent of thought itself. Of course, such beliefs are based on faith and faith alone. If in fact, there exists such an entity, it has chosen so far not to reveal itself. So we are left to look for evidence of its existence by the reality of the world we live in. We here at the Ric Zweig Blog have been blessed to have known several breathtakingly beautiful women in our, to date, long life. When one comes across such a woman who is without flaw and possessed of truly perfect form and shape, it seems to suggest only a higher being could be responsible for its creation and existence. To us, it seems improbable that such an example of the perfect female form could just be an accident and not the result of some intelligent happenstance. The same argument could be raised with regard to the creation of great art. When confronted with the genius of an artist such as Leonardo Da Vinci, it becomes difficult to assume this is due to pure randomness, as opposed to intelligent design. The same could be argued with regard to music, and particularly the playing of the electric guitar. In today's world only one musician exemplifies the necessary genius to play the instrument to the absolute highest level of perfection. That person is John Mayer. Therefore, we boldly submit that Mayer's out of this world skill level is compelling evidence of the existence of a divine being. For support, we offer his live performance of his composition "Gravity", in particular, the 8 minute and 25 second version readily available on You Tube. Mayer hits notes with his playing that no previous guitar player has ever been able to achieve. It is beyond brilliant in its tonal essence. It is simply so definitively pleasing to our sense of hearing, that it only can exist due to some divine energy at play. This is NOT to suggest that Mayer himself is God or even God-like, but rather that some divine force is channeled through Mayer's being that allows him to play in the manner he does. Take a few minutes to listen to the particular version of "Gravity" cited above and let us know whether you agree. RZ Janet Jackson - Legendary Rock Star Posted on: 10/11/2015 Every year about this time the people who determine who gets into the Cleveland, Ohio Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame embarrass themselves once again with their annual nominations. This year, despite overwhelming odds to the contrary, they achieved a new low with their nomination of former pop star, Miss Janet Jackson. Jackson's nomination to the HOF makes as much sense as a future nod to Tiny Tim, who must be breathless in anticipation of his potential future nod. Janet Jackson is to Rock music what Mickey Klutz is to baseball. (Look him up, baseball fans). Jackson is to Rock music what the Edsel is to cars. Or Doonesbury is to the Nobel Prize for literature. Jackson NEVER recorded a single rock tune in her long career. She never sang a single Rock musical note. Her nomination is a crude insult to legitimate rock artists. It is simply a nod to commercialism and a deeply pathetic gesture to make the show more palatable and relevant to a vasty declining audience. Rock 'n Roll music IS Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley. It IS NOT Frankie Avalon and especially NOT Janet Jackson. There crass decision makers make a mockery of an art form that deserves respect. Or as Woody Allen once said, "A sham of a mockery, a mockery of a sham". Very appropo Mr. Allen. Legitimate deserving members of the Hall have been sold out too many times in the name of crass greed with zero regard for who actually should be in. Shame on them once again, until at least next year, when it might be your year, Tiny Tim. RZ Jools Posted on: 10/04/2015 We have changed our opinion. We are talking about one of the most frequently played and most popular shows on the Paladia television network, namely "Later...With Jool	Index-a The live album Beauty and the Beat featured pianist George Shearring and which singer? Peggy Lee Whose band was the Tijuana Brass? Herb Alpert Who were Cliff Richard's backing group through the 60s? The Shadows Who were the famous backing singers on most of Elvis Presley's early hits? The Jordanaires The Stratocaster is a model of which guitar maker? Fender Which piano-playing singer's first hit was The Fat Man? Fats Domino Which American rock'n'roll star caused controversy when he married a young teenager? Jerry Lee Lewis Who made the highly rated 1959 jazz album Kind of Blue? Miles Davis Which iconic British female singer made the highly regarded album titled '(her first name) in Memphis' ? Dusty Springfield Whose band was the All Stars? Junior Walker (Jr Walker) Larry Adler played what instrument? Harmonica Whose childhood hit was Fingertips? Stevie Wonder Which guitar innovator and player has a range of Gibson Guitars named after him? Les Paul The founding brother members of the Kinks were Ray and Dave what? Davies What was Smokey Robinson's most famous band called? The Miracles Kenny Ball and his Jazzmen's 1962 hit was called March of the ... what? Siamese Children Who sang the hit theme song Rawhide? Frankie Laine John Mayall's band which helped launch Eric Clapton's career was called what? Bluesbreakers Rock Around the Clock was a hit for Bill Haley and his ... what? Comets Which comedy actor had a novelty hit with My Boomerang Won't Come Back? Charlie Drake Who sang with Serge Gainsbourg on the hit Je t'aime? Jane Birkin Colin Blunstone fronted which 1960s group? The Zombies What Eastenders star sang on the novelty hit Come Outside? Wendy Richard Jiles Perry (JP) Richardson Jr, who died in the same plane crash as Ritchie Valens and Buddy Holly was better known by what name?Big Bopper Which later-to-be-famous solo singer and guitarist toured as a member of the Beach Boys in the mid 60s? Glen Campbell Who had sang the hit song Little Old Wine Drinker Me? Dean Martin What famous 'two-fingered' jazz guitarist died in 1953? Django Reinhardt (Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt) What song, released to promote the film The Millionairess, featured its stars Peter Sellers and Sophia Loren? Goodness Gracious Me Who managed the Beatles' prior to his early death in 1967? Brian Epstein Whose nickname was a derived from the term satchel-mouth? Louis Armstrong (Satchmo) What's the name of the motorbiker who dies in the Shangri-Las' hit The Leader of the Pack? Jimmy Which singing-songwriting founder of the Flying Burrito Brothers died age 26, after which his body was 'stolen' by a friend and burnt in the Joshua Tree National Park? Gram Parsons Which American singer and entertainer was nicknamed Schnozzola, because of his large nose? Jimmy Durante Who wrote and had a hit with the instrumental Classical Gas? Mason Williams Who wrote Patsy Cline's hit Crazy? Willie Nelson What city hosted the Beatles as the resident band at the Kaiserkeller and Top Ten Club? Hamburg The Isley Brothers' hit was called Behind a ... what? Painted Smile 1950-60s record turntables commonly offered four speeds: 33, 45, 78, and what other? 16 (technically the speeds were 33⅓ and 16⅔ but record decks tended to show only the whole numbers) American DJ Robert Weston Smith was better known by what stage name? Wolfman Jack What ridiculously titled song was a hit in 1954 for Max Bygraves in the UK and the Four Lads in the USA? Gilly Gilly Ossenfeffer Katzenellen Bogen by the Sea Who had the 1965 instrumental hit Spanish Flea? Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass What was Emile Ford and the Checkmates' 1959 hit, supposedly the longest ever question in a UK No1 song title? What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For? Who singer-guitarist's backing band was The Bruvvers? Joe Brown Which Rolling Stones guitarist died in a swimming pool in 1969? Bri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,300	What does the Latin phrase ‘Caeci caecos ducentes’ translate to in English?	Latin phrases and quotes Live Auto Updating Latest Topics! Latin phrases and quotes Topic: Latin phrases and quotes (Read 36647 times) 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing th topic. Blakkheim « on: July 14, 2006, 11:42:01 PM » Today i'll share my big collection of latin phrases and quotes. Enjoi! A A bene placito - At one's pleasure A capite ad calcem - From head to heel A cappella - In church [style] - i.e. Vocal music only A contrario - From a contrary position A cruce salus - From the cross comes salvation A Deo et Rege - From God and the King A fortiori - With yet stronger reason A fronte praecipitium a tergo lupi - A precipice in front, wolves behind (between a rock and a hard place) A mari usque ad mare - From sea to sea (Motto of Canada) A mensa et thoro - From board and bed (legal separation) A pedibus usque ad caput - From feet to head A posse ad esse - From possibility to actuality A posteriori - From what comes after. Inductive reasoning based on observation, as opposed to deductive, or a priori A priori - From what comes before A verb ad verbera - From words to blows Ab absurdo - From the absurd (establhing the validity of your argument by pointing out the absurdity of your opponent's position) Ab aeterno - From the beginning of time Ab asino lanam - Wool from an ass, blood from a stone impossible Ab hinc - From here on Ab imo pectore - From the bottom of the chest. (from the heart) (Julius Caesar) Ab incunabul - From the cradle Ab initio - From the beginning Ab intestato - Having made no will Ab origine - From the origin Ab ovo usque ad mala - From the egg right to the apples (From start to finh) (Horace) Ab ovo - From the egg Ab urbe condita - From the foundation of the city. (Rome) Ab/Ex uno dce omnes - From one person, learn all people Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit - He has left, absconded, escaped and dappeared Absente reo - In absence of the defendant Absit invidia - No offence intended Absit omen - May the omen be absent. (may th not be an omen) Absum! - I'm outta here! Abusus non tollit usum - Wrong use does not preclude proper use Abutebar modo subjunctivo denuo - You've been musing the subjunctive again Abyssus abyssum invocat - Hell calls hell; one mtep leads to another Accipere quam facere praestat injuriam - It better to suffer an injustice than to do an injustice Acta est fabula, plaudite! - The play over, applaud! (Said to have been emperor Augustus' last words) Acta non verba - Action not words Acta sanctorum - Deeds of the saints Actus reus - Wrongful act - as opposed to mens rea - the wrongful intention or guilty mind Ad absurdum - To the point of absurdity Ad acta - To archives. Not actual any more Ad alta - To the summit Ad astra per aspera - To the stars through difficulty Ad astra - To the stars Ad augusta per angusta - To high places by narrow roads Ad captandum vulgus - To appeal to the crowd -- often used of politicians who make false or insincere promes appealing to popular interest Ad clerum - To the clergy Ad eundem gradum - To the same level Ad eundem - Of admsion to the same degree at a different university Ad eundum quo nemo ante iit - To boldly go where no man has gone before Ad fontes - To the sources (motto of Renasance Humanm) Ad fundum - To the bottom / To the end (said during a generic toast, like bottoms up!) Ad hoc - For a particular purpose. (improved, made up in an instant) Ad hominem - Appealing to a person's physical and emotional urges, rather than her or h intellect Ad honorem - In honour. Honour not baring any material advantage Ad idem - Of the same mind Ad infinitum - To infinity without end Ad interim - For the meantime Ad libitum (Acronym 'ad lib') - At one's pleasure Ad Libitur - As Desired Ad limina apostolorum - To the thresholds of the Apostles Ad litem - For a lawsuit or action Ad locum - At the place Ad lucem - Towards the light (motto of the University of Lbon) Ad maiorem dei gloriam (AMDG) - For the greater glory of God Ad multos annos - To many years!, i.e. Many happy returns! Ad nauseum - To the point of making one sick Ad perpetuam rei memoriam -	Tredegar Forum - uncle bobs quiz 2 the answers Tredegar Forum 1) Which naturally occurring substance measures a maximum ten on Moh's Scale of Hardness � Diamond 2) What is the name of the target object in the game of bowls � Jack 3) Which group's first hit was Seven Seas of Rhye in 1974 � Queen 4) What is the name given to an unreturnable serve in a game of tennis or badminton � Ace 5) What is the name of the largest extinct volcano known- Olympus Mons (it's on mars) 6) What was the name of the wife of convicted serial killer Dr Harold Shipman�who murdered over 200 OAP's in his home town of Hyde in Cheshire � Primrose 7) Which part of the eye gives it colour � Iris 8) In Greek Mythology who fell in love with his own reflection � Narcissus 9) What is the name of the character played by Patricia Routledge in �Keeping Up Appearances� � Hyacinth Bucket 10) What was the highest mountain before Everest was discovered? still Everest 11) According to the nursery rhyme, what was used to fix Jack�s head after he fell down the hill � Vinegar & Brown Paper 12) In which Disney animation does the character of Thomas O�Malley appear � �The Aristocats� 13) Which 70�s Children�s TV programme was based around the adventures of some children with an abandoned London Bus � �The Double Deckers� 14) Which of the seven dwarves wore glasses � Doc 15) Who was head of the Clanger family � Major Clanger16) Who was head of the Wombles family � Great Uncle Bulgaria 17) What breed of dog is �Scooby Doo� � Great Dane 18) Which comic book character scored over 5000 goals in a career that lasted from 1954 � 1993 � Roy Of the Rovers (Roy Race) 19) What is the motto of the Boy Scouts � �Be Prepared� 20) What is the motto of the Girl Guides � �Be Prepared� look out for uncle bobs quiz 3 answers next Saturday	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,301	Who is the youngest ever winner of the US Masters golf tournament	Youngest Winners of The Masters Tournament By Brent Kelley Updated June 06, 2016. Who are the youngest golfers who've won The Masters ? On this page we'll tell you who the record-holder is, run down the list of the 10 youngest Masters winners , plus show you the progression of record-holders over time. The Youngest Masters Champion Is ... Tiger Woods . Woods won the 1997 Masters at the age of 21 years, 3 months and 14 days old. Jordan Spieth later came within five months of bettering Woods' record, and Woods and Spieth are the only golfers younger than 22 who've won this major. Woods' 1997 victory was a smashing one, literally, as he broke or tied all kinds of tournament records. He became the youngest winner, obviously, lowering the record previously held by Seve Ballesteros . He also tied or broke multiple scoring records, including setting a new margin-of-victory record when he won by 12 strokes. It was Woods' first win in a major championship and his fourth overall PGA Tour victory. He had turned pro less than one year earlier. continue reading below our video Profile of Jack Nicklaus The List of Youngest Masters Winners Listed in order, these are the 10 youngest golfers who've won The Masters: Tiger Woods: Woods was 21 years, 3 months and 14 days old when he won the 1997 Masters. Jordan Spieth : Spieth was 21 years, 8 months old when he won the 2015 Masters . He led wire-to-wire and tied Woods' 72-hole scoring record at 18-under 270. Seve Ballesteros: Ballesteros was 23 years and 4 days old when he won the 1980 Masters . It was Seve's second major and his 11th European Tour victory. Jack Nicklaus : Nicklaus was 23 years, 2 months and 17 days old when he won the 1963 Masters . It was Nicklaus' second win in a major and his fifth PGA Tour victory. The four golfers above are the only ones to date to win The Masters before turning 25. The following golfers round out the Top 10 youngest Masters champions: Byron Nelson : 25 years, 2 months, 0 days old when he won the 1937 Masters . Jack Nicklaus: 25 years, 2 months, 21 days old when he won the 1965 Masters . Tiger Woods: 25 years, 3 months, 9 days old when he won the 2001 Masters . Gary Player : 25 years, 5 months, 9 days old when he won the 1961 Masters . Horton Smith : 25 years, 10 months, 3 days old when he won the 1934 Masters . (The tournament's very first winner still makes this list!) Seve Ballesteros: 26 years, 2 days old when he won the 1983 Masters . Note that Woods, Ballesteros and Nicklaus all make the Top 10 twice. Progression of the Record for Youngest Masters Winner The first Masters champ was, obviously, also the youngest Masters champ at that point. So let's see how this record has progressed through the years, listing each golfer who's held this record until reaching the current record-holder, Woods: Horton Smith, winner of the 1934 Masters, was 25 years, 10 months and 3 days old. Byron Nelson lowered the record at the 1937 Masters, winning at age 25 years and 2 months. Nobody beat Nelson's mark until Nicklaus at the 1963 Masters, at age 23. Ballesteros lowered the record to 23 years and 4 days in 1980. And Woods broke that record in 1997.	Geoff Ogilvy US Masters Golfers - US Masters Golf Betting Options Geoff Ogilvy US Masters Golfers Australian Geoff Ogilvy made golfing history with his awesome victory at the 2006 US Open at Winged Foot. Although many believe he won by default because of the silly shot Phil Mickelson played to drop out of the tournament, the 30-year-old claims that it really doesn’t matter how you win, it is the fact that you have won! The young man finished his round with a real flourish, making unlikely pars on each of the last two holes. He holed a magnificent 30-foot chip shot at the 17th, and then got up and down at the 18th for par. Phil Mickelson and Colin Montgomerie only needed par on the final hole to win or bogeys to force a playoff with Ogilvy. Both players produced double bogeys handing Ogilvy the dramatic win. Geoff Ogilvy, US Masters golfer, first turned professional in May 1998 but opted to join the cheaper European Tour initially. In his second season he had some success and finished 48th on the tour. In 2001 he joined the US-based PGA Tour and finished in the top 100 in each of his first five seasons. His early years on the European Tour were some of his best. “The PGA Tour sorely misses that sort of atmosphere [of the European Tour]. I hear that the Nationwide Tour has it, but this one [the PGA Tour] doesn’t. There’s too much money out there. In Europe they all travel together. It’s like a family, really. Or a circus,” he said. Ogilvy has a particular love of the Augusta National and the Masters. When asked about the criticism Augusta has been getting in recent years for lengthening the course, changing the grass and generally making it more difficult to play, he said, “For 60 years not a bad word was said about the place, but for the last five a lot of very important people have been very critical, which is a shame. That course isn’t a national treasure, it’s a world treasure. It needs to be preserved. And I hope it will be from now on.” His best results at the Majors: US Masters – T16 in 2006 US Open – winner in 2006 British Open – T5 in 2005 PGA Championships – T6 in 2005 & 2007 Free Bets	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,302	What brand of cereal has used a leprechaun as its mascot since 1964?	Breakfast cereal mascots: Beloved and bizarre - Photo 1 - Pictures - CBS News Breakfast cereal mascots: Beloved and bizarre Next A 2011 article in Pediatrics magazine found that children who had been asked to taste a "new" cereal reported liking the same cereal more if there were a popular character depicted on the box. "The use of media characters on food packaging affects children's subjective taste assessment," the study concluded. Little surprise, given the long history of breakfast cereal manufacturers marketing their wares with the help of colorful cartoon characters or figures already familiar from TV, movies and comic books. The following gallery shows some of the more famous (and infamous) breakfast cereal mascots. Left: Quisp, introduced in 1965 by Quaker Oats, was discontinued in the 1970s, but in recent years has returned to Earth via online outlets. By CBSNews.com senior editor David Morgan Credit: CBS News In 1952 one of Kellogg's iconic products -- sugar-frosted flakes -- was introduced with a roar by Tony the Tiger ("They're grrrrrrrrreat!"). Credit: CBS News By 1933 the elves "Snap, Crackle and Pop" had become the official spokespersons of Kellogg's Rice Krispies. Credit: CBS News In 1971 General Mills introduced two cereals featuring monsters: Count Chocula (a chocolate-flavored cereal, with chocolate-flavored marshmallow bits), and the strawberry-flavored Franken Berry. The following year saw the entry of Boo Berry. Although all three cereals are still produced to this day, another monster cereal did not fare so well: Fruit Brute, which was discontinued in the 1980s. Credit: CBS News Fruit Brute was succeeded by Fruity Yummy Mummy, a fruit flavor-frosted cereal with vanilla flavor "monster mallows." Like Fruit Brute, Fruity Yummy Mummy did not stalk grocery store aisles for long. Credit: CBS News The Quaker Oats Man dates back to 1877, and was the first registered trademark for a cereal. Credit: CBS News In 1972 Ralston launched Freakies, a presweetened cereal that was "grown" at the site of the legendary Freakies Tree. Helping youngsters dig into their Freakies were seven freaky creatures named BossMoss, Cowmumble, Gargle, Grumble, Goody-Goody, Hamhose and Snorkeldorf. Credit: CBS News Cocoa Puffs (similar to General Mills' Kix, but with chocolate) was introduced in 1958. A few years later Sonny the Cuckoo Bird was created as its mascot ("I'm cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs!"). Credit: CBS News In the 1960s So-Hi (named as such because he was, well, only "so high") was the Oriental advertising icon for Post's Sugar Sparkled Rice Krinkles. So Hi was one of several Post cereal mascots that were developed by General Foods and the Ed Graham advertising agency. In 1964 the various characters were grouped into a TV series, "Linus the Lionhearted," featuring such vocal talents as Sheldon Leonard, Sterling Holloway, Carl Reiner, Ruth Buzzi, Jesse White and Jonathan Winters. The series ran on CBS and ABC for five years. Credit: John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History, Duke University When King Vitamin was introduced in 1970, Quaker Oats used as its mascot a cartoon character designed by Jay Ward, the creator of the immortal "Rocky & Bullwinkle." King Vitamin's voice was that of Joe Flynn of "McHale's Navy." The cartoon character was soon replaced by a very flesh-and-blood King Vitamin, who ruled until 2000. Then, the royal scepter was handed over to a new, redesigned cartoon figure. Credit: CBS News The precursor to Sugar Bear, which hawked Post's Sugar Crisp cereal, was a trio of bears, named Dandy, Handy and Candy. The three bears are probably the only breakfast mascots to be immortalized in song by Rosemary Clooney, for Columbia Records in 1951. Credit: CBS News In 1990 a cereal combining rice, corn, wheat and oats was marketed as Bigg Mixx. Its mascot was a creature similarly conjured up from sundry sources, sporting a rooster's head, moose antlers, a pig's snout, and a wolf's fur. Neither the stalking hulk of Bigg Mixx nor its cereal namesake were around for long. Credit: CBS News In	World Jeopardy Jeopardy Template The national dish of Spain 100 It is the earth's largest continent? 100 This flag is red, white and blue and has fifty stars. 100 The Yankees and Mets play this type of sport. 100 Who is Lasse Hallstrom? What is the name of the Swedish director who directed Chocolat and My Life as a Dog? 200 I am the national dish of _________ and my name is Coucou. 200 The boundary between Mexico and Belize called this. 200 Green, Yellow, Blue, and White are the colors of this South American flag. 200 Zinedine Zidane The French football player who was known as the European footballer of the year in 1998 and was apart of the 1998 World Cup winning team? 200 What is Bengali? India's national anthem is written in what language that is also the national language of one of its neighbors? 300 I am the national dish of France, but i am eaten often in America. 300 lt's what divides the U.K. from Ireland. 300 White, Blue and Red are this country's colors' flag after the fall of Communism. 300 D) Fast speed skating Which of the "skating" is actually not a skating event ? A) Long track speedskating B) Short track speedskating C) speed skating D) Fast speed skating 300 Who is Calliope? This musical instrument takes its name from a muse who was used in riverboats and in circuses because of its loudness 400 What is grits? Popular in the South (of the United States), this food is made out of corn and usually served with breakfast. 400 The U.S.'s largest trading partner? 400 What are the colors of the South Sudan flag? Black, Yellow, Green, White, Red, and Blue 400 The Jets and Giants play this popular game? 400 Who is Lady Gaga? The Queen song "Radio Ga Ga" is said to be the main inspiration behind the name of this current day hit singer. 500 It is the name of the country that the Pizza Hut franchise began in. 500 The name of the country that is the most populous in the world? 500 It is a white flag with a red circle in the middle. 500 It is where the 2008 Olympics were held. 500 What is Baby it's Cold Outside? This 1944 pop standard by Frank Loesser has a man attempting to convince his date to stay with him because of the weather.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,303	Which country was proclaimed an independent republic under the leadership of Bernardo O'Higgins on 12 February 1818 after an army led by him and Jos de San Martn defeated the royalists?	Chile facts, information, pictures \| Encyclopedia.com articles about Chile CAPITAL: Santiago FLAG: The flag, adopted in 1817, consists of a lower half of red and an upper section of white, with a blue square in the upper left corner containing a five-pointed white star. ANTHEM: Canción Nacional (National Song) beginning "Dulce Patria, recibe los votos." MONETARY UNIT: The peso (p) of 100 centavos replaced the escudo as the nation's monetary unit in October 1975. There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 pesos, and notes of 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 pesos. p1 = us$0.00196 (or us$1 = p511.45) as of 2005. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES: The metric system is the legal standard, but local measures also are used. HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Labor Day, 1 May; Navy Day (Battle of Iquique), 21 May; Assumption, 15 August; Independence Day, 18 September; Army Day, 19 September; Columbus Day, 12 October; All Saints' Day, 1 November; Immaculate Conception, 8 December; Christmas , 25 December. Movable religious holidays include Good Friday and Holy Saturday. TIME: 8 am = noon GMT. LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT Situated along the southwestern coast of South America , Chile has an area of 756,950 sq km (292,260 sq mi). Comparatively, the area occupied by Chile is slightly smaller than twice the size of the state of Montana . A long string of land pressed between the Pacific and the towering Andes, Chile is 4,270 km (2,653 mi) long n–s; it is 356 km (221 mi) wide at its broadest point (just north of Antofagasta) and 64 km (40 mi) wide at its narrowest point, with an average width of 175 km (109 mi) e–w. It is bordered on the n by Peru , on the ne by Bolivia , on the e by Argentina , on the s by the Drake Passage, and on the w by the Pacific Ocean . At the far se, at the end of the Strait of Magellan (Estrecho de Magallanes), it has an opening to the Atlantic Ocean . Chile's boundary length (including coastline) is 12,606 km (7,833 mi). Included in the national territory are the Juan Fernández Islands, Easter Island, and other Pacific islands. A dispute with Argentina over three small islands in the Beagle Channel almost led to war between the two countries in 1978, but papal intervention prevented hostilities. The issue was resolved peacefully by a treaty signed in the Vatican on 29 November 1984 and ratified on 2 May 1985, granting Chile sovereignty over the three islands, giving Argentina rights to waters east of the Strait of Magellan, and dividing the territorial waters south of Cape Horn between the two countries. There is another outstanding boundary problem with Bolivia over its claim for an opening to the sea. Chile also claims the Antarctic Peninsula and other areas of Antarctica , comprising 1,250,000 sq km (482,500 sq mi). Chile's capital city, Santiago, is located in the center of the country. TOPOGRAPHY Chile is divided into three general topographic regions: the lofty Andean cordillera on the east; the low coastal mountains of the west; and the fertile central valley between. The Andes, occupying from one-third to the entire width of the country, stretch from the Puna de Atacama in the north, a high plateau with peaks averaging 4,600 m (15,000 ft), to middle Chile, where, on the border with Argentina, rises the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Aconcagua (6,960 m/22,834 ft), and then, diminishing in height, run south into the Chilean lake country, with its snowcapped volcanoes and several passes. The region of the Andes is a seismically active area with low magnitude earthquakes occurring on a regular basis, even to about a dozen a month. Situated on the South American Tectonic Plate, the country has recorded over 100 major earthquakes (magnitude 7 or higher) since such record keeping began in 1570. On 13 June 2005, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in Tarapaca that was felt as far away as Santiago and Brasília, Brazil . At least 11 people died. The coastal range, verging from 300 to 2,100 m (1,000 to 7,000 ft) in height, rises from the sea along most of the coast. In the extreme north, the coastal mountains join	A Story Like the Wind (Harvest Book): Amazon.co.uk: Laurens Van Der Post: 9780156852616: Books A Story Like the Wind (Harvest Book) Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. or Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product details Publisher: Harcourt Publishers Ltd; 1st Harvest/HBJ Ed edition (Oct. 1978) Language: English Product Dimensions: 13.3 x 2.4 x 20.3 cm Average Customer Review: Product Description About the Author Laurens van der Post was born in South Africa in 1906, the thirteenth of fifteen children in a family of Dutch and French Huguenot origins. He grew up in the heart of Bushman country, a thousand miles from the sea, before going on a long voyage to Japan that was a to prove a formative experience and vital in later life. He settled in England in the 1930s, writing and farming until the outbreak of the war, when he joined the British army and served with distinction in the Western Desert, Abyssinia, Burma and the Far East. Taken prisoner by the Japanese, he was held in captivity for three years before returning to active service as a member of Lord Mountbatten's staff in Indonesia and, later, as military attache to the British minister in Java. Since 1949 he has taken part in many official expeditions and missions to Africa, and his journey in search of the Bushmen in 1957 formed the basis of his famous documentary film, 'The Lost World of the Kalahari'. Other television films he has made include 'A Region of Shadow', 'All Africa Within Us'. And a three-part series on the life and work of Carl Gustav Jung, whom he met after the war and grew to know as a close personal friend. The highly acclaimed film 'Merry Christmas, Mr Lawrence', released in 1983, was based on his book The Seed and the Sower. Laurens van der Post was awarded the C.B.E for services in the field, and in 1980 he was knighted. With his wife, Ingaret Giffard, Sir Laurens divides his time in England between his home in Chelsea and a cottage in Suffolk. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,304	Freestyle, Greco-Roman, and Thumb are all types of what?	Greco Roman Rules Greco Roman Rules 04/09/2015, 8:15am CDT By Mark Reiland ~~These Greco Roman rules are to be used by all age groups below the senior level this year. Freestyle rules remain as they were in 2014. PENALTY FOR ILLEGAL ACTIONS Proposal: Every caution should be evaluated by caution (0) + 2 points • For example, head butt, punching/slapping, all leg faults (offensive or defensive, holding the legs, bending the leg, kicking action.....) grasping the singlet, twisting finger, fleeing the mat,fleeing the hold, refusing to take the correct position in the par terre start.. • (Currently types of penalty depends on infraction, sometimes caution + 1pt, sometimes caution 2 pts. ACTION FROM STANDING BUT NO DANGER POSITION Proposal: The wrestler who executes a regular hold from standing position but does not bring his opponent into a danger position or cannot control him by passing behind, will score 2 points (Currently 1 point, correct throw) ACTION FROM STANDING WITH DANGER POSITION Proposal: The wrestler that executes a regular hold from standing position and places his opponent in the danger position will score 4 points. LIFT FROM PARTERRE, BUT NO DANGER POSITION Proposal: The wrestler who executes a hold by lifting his opponent from the ground and does not place him in a danger position will score 2 points. (Currently 1 point) LIFT FROM PAR TERRE AND PLACING THE OPPONENT IN A DANGER POSITION Rule: The wrestler who executes a hold by lifting his ipponent from the ground and placing him in a danger position will score 4 points. (Currently existing rule) • Elimination of 5 points. GUT WRENCH Proposal: All gut wrenches regardless how they are executed in danger position or not will be scored 2 points. • (Current rule; 2 pts. for danger position, 1 pt. for hand to hand, no danger) ELIMINATION OF ORDERED PAR TERRE Proposal: No more ordered par terre for passive wrestler. GOING OUT/STEPPING OUT FROM ZONE SITUATIONS Proposal: In order to encourage active wrestling, in case the attacking wrestler who steps in to protection area during his action he will not be penalized by giving 1 point to opponent. • If he can score he will receive his point(s). • If he cannot score, referee will stop the bout and restart in center. • (Current rule; the attacking wrestler will lose 1 point in case he steps out during his action.) • Pushing out will not be penalized 1 point. • 1 point for step out in other cases remains the same. • When a wrestler visibly and intentionally pushes his opponent into the protection area, he will NOT score 1 point. PROCEDURE FOR ENFORCEMENT OF PENALTIES FOR INACTIVITY IN GR WRESTLING Proposal: To avoid disqualifications from a bout as a result of 3 cautions for passivity, in GR wrestling, the wrestlers will be penalized by caution only in fleeing the hold, fleeing the mat and illegal actions. (caution + 2 points) • For passivity wrestling, penalization of passive wrestler will be without cautions as followed: • If a wrestler is blocking, interlocking fingers, thwarting his opponent or avoiding wrestling in standing position, the referee will verbally warn him by using UWW vocabulary (red/blue head up/open /contact / no block /attack...) • If the wrestler continues to be passive, the referee will ask for passivity. When either the judge or mat chairman(majority of officiating body) agress with this decision, the referee will warn the passive wrestler officially, showing passivity with his left (red) or right (blue) hand raised high up in the air and speak in a loud and clear voice using UWW vocabulary 'attention red/blue passive' WITHOUT STOPPING THE BOUT. At the same time, one colored light (in the color of the wrestler's singlet) will be turned on at the corner of passive wrestler on the scoreboard. • In repeated cases when a wrestler again continues to be passive after a verbal warning, the referee will again ask for passivity and if the majority of the refereeing body confirms this decision, the referee will say again to the wrestler in a loud and clear voice 'attention-red/blue ! passive'. • A second	1. How many different scoring areas are there on a standard dart board? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. How many different scoring areas are there on a standard dart board? 2. Which New York bridge, completed in 1883, was designed by John Augustus Roebling? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which New York bridge, completed in 1883, was designed by John Augustus Roebling? 3. Taphephobia is the fear of what? 4. Concord is the capital of which American state? 5. Lentigines is the medical term for what? 6. Which Saint’s day is on March 1? 7. Which famous author once said: Work is the curse of the drinking classes? 8. Which line on the London Underground was opened in 1977 and was originally planned to be called Fleet? 9. In what year did Disneyland open? 10. Which TV police series began as a one off programme called Woodentop? 11. Who had a top 10 hit in 1998 called I Don’t Want To Miss A Thing? 12. How many legs does an ant have? 13. Which country is San Marino surrounded by? 14. Which waterway divides the Isle of Wight from the English mainland? 15. Which is bigger – one litre or two pints? 16. What type of creature is a motmot? 17. What was the subject of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty? 18. Who duetted with Michael Jackson on The Girl Is Mine? 19. How many inches are there in a yard? 20. Who wrote a book of children’s poems called Old Possum’s Book Of Practical Cats? 21. Who was the first man to fly the Atlantic solo? 22. What was the name of the first feature film in which the dog Lassie appeared? 23. Who won this year’s Badminton Horse Trials. 24. In which year did the Great Wall Street Crash occur? 25. Dustin Hoffman’s first major role was in which 1967 film? 26. From which football club did Arsenal sign midfielder Cesc Fabregas? 27. Which football team is nicknamed the Rams? 28. What colour are the five Olympic rings? 29. Which rugby union team won the 2007 EDF energy cup? 30. Who won the Golden Boot at the 1986 football World Cup? 1. 82; 2. Brooklyn Bridge; 3. The fear of being buried alive; 4. New Hampshire; 5. Freckles; 6. St David’s; 7. Oscar Wilde; 8. Jubilee; 9. 1955; 10. The Bill; 11. Aerosmith; 12. 6; 13. Italy; 14. The Solent; 15. Two pints; 16. A bird; 17. The unification of Europe; 18. Paul McCartney; 19. 36; 20. T. S. Elliot; 21. Charles Lindbergh; 22. Lassie Come Home; 23. Nicolas Touzaint; 24. 1929; 25. The Graduate; 26. Barcelona; 27. Derby County; 28. Blue, Yellow, Black, Green & Red; 29. Leicester tigers; 30. Gary Lineker Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,305	Horntail, Common Green Swedish Short Snout and Chinese Fireball are all types of which fictional creature?	Dragon \| Harry Potter Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia — Ron Weasley regarding dragons and their nature [src] Dragonologists transporting dragons across a vast distance The motto of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is Draco dormiens numquam titillandus; Latin for Never tickle a sleeping dragon. The Hogwarts gamekeeper, Rubeus Hagrid , loved and adored dragons, briefly owning a Norwegian Ridgeback named Norbert , who turned out to be a female and was subsequently renamed Norberta. [2] In 1993 , the Minister for Magic , Cornelius Fudge , suggested placing dragons to guard the school, after being compelled to remove the Dementors , something that Professor Dumbledore thought Hagrid would be very happy with. [3] A Ukrainian Ironbelly guarding high security vaults at Gringotts Many useful materials come from dragons, but they are hard to obtain (see Uses below). It takes over a dozen wizards just to stun a dragon. Muggles believe that dragons are a mere myth, but have been known on occasion to glimpse these beasts. To prevent them from being seen by Muggles, and to protect them from poaching, dragons are kept on dragon reserves around the world, most of which are far from human habitation. Dragons cannot be domesticated, despite individuals trying to do so. However, it is possible to condition them via torture to make them somewhat subservient, as Gringotts Wizarding Bank had done to the one guarding the lower vaults , who had been trained to expect pain upon hearing a certain noise. The selling of dragon products is closely regulated by the Ministry of Magic, and only dragon species that are over-breeding are killed to make these items. Those who study dragons are known as dragonologist. Uses Harry Potter faces a Hungarian Horntail during the first task of the Triwizard Tournament Dragons were used in the First Task of the Triwizard Tournament of 1994 , in which the champions had to retrieve a golden egg from a nesting mother. The varieties used were: the Hungarian Horntail, the Chinese Fireball, the Swedish Short-Snout, and a Welsh Green. Ron Weasley 's brother Charlie worked with dragons in Romania at the time, and helped transport the dragons used in the Tournament. [4] Dragons are also used to guard certain vaults at Gringotts Wizarding Bank , and one was used by Harry Potter , Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger to escape the bank following their break-in in 1998 . [5] Though they cannot be domesticated, there is one known instance of a dragon being used as a mount. In May 1998 , Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger rode on the back of a dragon, though they had trouble maintaining a grip on their steed, and could not control its flight. [5] During the 1993–1994 school year , before playing in the Quidditch final against Slytherin , Harry dreamed that the Slytherin team were flying on dragons instead of broomsticks . When he awoke he realised that they would not be allowed to ride dragons. [3] The dragon model, like the model in the First Task of Triwizard Tournament of 1994, was used in a roast chestnuts sale , near Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes , in Diagon Alley to hold the chestnut in place. Material The Catalonian Fireball appears to be an early draft on the Chinese Fireball because these were notes for Dragon Breeding for Pleasure and Profit on J. K. Rowling's Official Site . The same for the Portuguese Long-Snout which seems to be an early draft for the Romanian Longhorn and the Swedish Short-Snout . According to Fantastic Beasts and Where To Find Them , in 1932 , there was a dragon attack at a muggle beach that a family of wizards on holiday defeated. It earned them the Order of Merlin , First Class. It is known as the Ilfracombe Incident. In the credits of the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , it says "No Dragons were harmed in the making of this movie". This probably refers to the scene in the movie where the Hungarian Horntail falls off the bridge. Madam Rosmerta owns a silk dressing gown embroidered with dragons, which she was wearing on the night in June 1997 when Harry Potte	The Gruffalo: Julia Donaldson, Axel Scheffler: 9781509804757: Amazon.com: Books Julia Donaldson Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . The Knight the Moon and the Stars Got Stuck (Knight the Moon & the Stars Got Stuck) Nancy L. Mills The Knight the Moon and the Stars Got Stuck is a strikingly original work of children's literature that stands with many of our best-loved classics! The Star Bright Factory Nancy Libbey Mills The Star Bright Factory is a perfect bedtime story for the longer nights of the year. You don't want to miss this title for the holidays! Diary of Steve the Noob 1 (An Unofficial Minecraft Book) (Minecraft Diary Steve the Noob Collection) Steve the Noob Steve wakes up in a strange, strange land. Follow him on an exciting and hilarious adventure as he explores this new world. The Moribund Mouse (Animalosophy Book 2) Eric Kesselman A story about a mouse that makes radical changes in his life after confusing the mortal condition with unexpected bad news. Ad feedback Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews From Publishers Weekly The eponymous character introduced by this British team owes a large debt to Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are. When Mouse meets Fox in the "deep dark wood," he invents a story about the gruffalo, described very much like Sendak's fearsome quartet of wild thingsA"He has terrible tusks, and terrible claws, and terrible teeth in his terrible jaws." The gullible fox runs away when Mouse tells him that the gruffalo's favorite food is roasted fox. "Silly old Fox!" says Mouse, "Doesn't he know?/ There's no such thing as a gruffalo!" Owl and Snake follow suit until, with a turn of the page, Mouse runs into the creature he has imagined. Quick-thinking Mouse then tells the monster, "I'm the scariest creature in this deep dark wood./ Just walk behind me and soon you'll see,/ Everyone for miles is afraid of me." Fox, Owl and Snake appear to be terrified of the tiny mouse, but readers can plainly see the real object of their fears. By story's end, the gruffalo flees, and Mouse enjoys his nut lunch in peace. Despite the derivative plot line, debut author Donaldson manipulates the repetitive language and rhymes to good advantage, supplying her story with plenty of scary-but-not-too-scary moments. Scheffler's gruffalo may seem a goofy hybrid of Max's wild things, but his cartoonlike illustrations build suspense via spot-art previews of the monster's orange eyes, black tongue and purple prickles until the monster's appearance in full. Ages 4-8. Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to the Paperback edition.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,306	On which river does Verona stand?	Verona, Italy: City of Romance and Beauty RSS Feed Verona, Italy: City of Romance and Beauty Venice is the incomparable city of canals. Rome, the seat of the Empire stretching back into antiquity. Florence is known for its art. Yet there is another city that should be added to this list of Italian stars -- Verona, a UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) designated world heritage site. The riches of Verona -- its colorful history, elegant shops, vibrant markets and lively atmosphere make it one of the under-discovered gems of Italy. Our New Book Verona History Nestled along the banks of the Adige River, Verona has long been a desirable city. The Romans favored its location, colonizing it in 89 B.C. Even today the Roman heart of the city is easy to find. The Arena is still at its center, and there are bronze maps literally embedded in the side-walks that show that old city within modern Verona. Later on, Verona became the site of the free-for-all turf wars that characterized much of Italian (and European) history. These tug-of-war power struggles led to a series of rivalries culminating in the late 1200s with the ascendancy of the della Scalas (also known as the Scaligeri) who added a love of art to their pursuit of power. Their names, after the founding father's Bartolomeo della Scala, had a canine theme. Cangrande I (Big Dog) was the patron of Dante (of Dante's Inferno fame). Not a family to sit idly, under Cangrande's watch Verona captured several smaller cities. The dynasty was continued by the heirs, Mastino II (the Mastiff) and Cansignorio (Lord Dog). Eventually, fearing the end of their reign, the Castelvecchio was built, perhaps a monument to the family's might and power. The buildings today are among Verona's priceless architectural heritage. Eventually Verona decided to join the tiny empire of Venice, although that relationship was not without strife. From that point, rulers came and rulers went, including both Napoleon and Austria, until finally Verona become one of the Kingdom of Italy in the mid 1800s. Verona Sightseeing Start with the Roman Arena in the Piazza Bra. The Arena was built in the 1st Century AD and is one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters in Italy. Seating 25,000 people, it is actually used today as a theater for the July and August opera season. The setting couldn't be more perfect, although you may want to bring a cushion and make reservations in advance. Although the Roman Gavi Arch and several town gates still exist, the other important piece of Roman Verona is the Teatro Romano which is still used as a summer theater. It's located in another section of the city, across the river via the Ponte Pietra (Stone Bridge). The Piazza Bra is an stylish area lined with cafes, government buildings and shops but this elegance belies its history as a local livestock marketplace. There is a tourist information office at the southern end of the Piazza near the town hall which may be a good place to start your touring. From the Bra, enjoy a stroll up the Via Mazzini past the fashionable shops. It's for pedestrians only so take your time and savor the stores, and the people. The Via Mazzini ends at Via Cappello, the street where Juliet lived and loved Romeo. The house at No. 23 Via Cappello is, as expected, a major tourist stop. There's the famous balcony (which may have been built later on), and a statue of Juliet in the courtyard. The question of whether these famous lovers really existed is still debated, but if you are patient you can wait your turn to stand next to her statue for a photo opportunity. Although the perhaps fictional, perhaps real Juliet has a house and statue, there is much less to show the (possible) existence of her lover, Romeo. A plaque supposedly marks No. 4 Via Arche Scaliger as the house of Romeo. A short walk going the other way on the Via Cappello will take you to the Piazza Delle Erbe, site of historical (and architecturally fascinating) buildings as well as a colorful fruit and vegetable market. A little further is the Piazza dei Sig	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 4th November The Questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Set by The Lamb Inn ART & ENTERTAINMENT 1. Q. Offenbach’s barcarolle from ‘The Tales of Hoffman’ is a famous piece of music, but what is a barcarolle ? A. A BOATING SONG (Accept any reference to boats). 2. Q. Which Gilbert & Sullivan operetta contains the song generally known as ‘A Policeman’s lot is not a happy one’ ? A. THE PIRATES OF PENZANCE. 3. Q. Which TV presenter is the daughter of Newspaper Editor and Columnist Eve Pollard ? A. CLAUDIA WINKELMAN. 4. Q. Who created the statue of ‘St.Michael’s victory over the Devil’ on Coventry Cathedral ? A. JACOB EPSTEIN. 5. Q. Which artist painted the work entitled ‘Guernica’ ? A. PABLO PICASSO. 6. Q. In the TV series ‘Inspector Morse’, who wrote the theme tune ? A. BARRINGTON PHELOUNG 7. Q. Mark McManus of ‘Taggart’ fame had a famous singing half-brother. Who is he ? A. BRIAN CONNOLLY (Lead singer of The Sweet). 8. Q. Who composed the music for the films ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’ and ‘The Mission’ ? A. ENNIO MORRICONE. (a) Q. Which piece of music preceded TV’s ‘The Lone Ranger’ ? A. THE WILLIAM TELL OVERTURE (Giaochino Rossini) (b) Q. Who is the mother of actress Joely Richardson ? A. VANESSA REDGRAVE. (c) Q. In which play does Mrs. Malaprop appear ? A. THE RIVALS (by Sheridan) 1) What is the capital of Croatia ? (A) Zagreb 2) Which river runs through Leicester ? (A) Soar 3) What is described as : a U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water ? (A) Ox Bow Lake 4) What is the largest lake in Europe ? (A) Lake Lagoda (14th largest in the world.) 5) What is a line on a map or chart joining points of equal height or depth called ? (A) Contour 6) Which city is the capital of Canada ? (A) Ottawa 7) Which river runs through Ipswich ? (A) Orwell 8) Yosemite National Park is in which US State ? (A) California SUPPLEMENTARIES (a) Greenland belongs to which country ? (A) Denmark. (b) In which country are the largest waterfalls measured by flow-rate in Europe ? (A) Switzerland (Rhine falls) 1. Q. Which statesman married Miss Clementine Hosier in 1908 ? A. WINSTON CHURCHILL. 2. Q. Who founded The National Viewers & Listeners Association in 1965 ? A. MARY WHITEHOUSE. 3. Q. In which year did the first human heart transplant take place ? A. 1967 (allow 1966-1968). 4. Q. Where was Princess Elizabeth staying when she was given the news of her accession to the throne in 1558 ? A. HATFIELD HOUSE in Hertfordshire. 5. Q. Give a year in the life of Ivan the Terrible. A. 1530 – 1584 6. Q. The Rolls Royce ‘Thrust Measuring Rig’ developed in the 1950’s took off vertically, but what was its nickname ? A. THE FLYING BEDSTEAD. 7. Q. Whose London monument by Edward Bailey is guarded by Edwin Landseer’s lions? A. NELSON 8. Q. What, infamously, happened at Yekaterinburg on July 17th 1918 ? A. THE ASSASINATION OF THE RUSSIAN ROYAL FAMILY (THE ROMANOVS) (a) Q. What was the code-name for planned German invasion of Britain ? A. OPERATION SEA LION. (b) Q. What is the connection between a large fish-eating bird and Drake’s ship ? A. PELICAN (Name of Drakes ship before becoming The Golden Hind). SCIENCE 1. Q. What is the tradename of the Du Pont synthetic fibre of high-tensile strength used mainly in rubber products, notably tyres and bullet-proof vests ? A. KEVLAR. 2. Q. In astronomy, where would you find the ‘Cassini Division’ ? A. SATURNS RINGS. 3. Q. As a percentage, what is the average salinity of sea water ? A. 3.5% (accept 3% to 4%) 4. Q. What name is given to static discharges visible on aircraft wing tips and the tops of ships masts ? A. ST. ELMO’S FIRE. 5. Q. In what device in the home would you find a magnetron ? A. MICROWAVE OVEN. 6. Q. Traditionally, how have teachers always used sticks of calcium sulphate ? A. BLACKBOARD CHALK. 7. Q. Why is sodium carbonate sometimes added to a water supply ? A. TO REDUCE NATURAL HARDNESS. 8. Q. Which element is common to all acids ? A. HYDROGEN. (a) Q. By what name is deuterium oxide also kn	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,307	What English comedian, who celebrates a birthday today, is known for characters such as Ali G, Borat, and Bruno, and will be starring as Freddie Mercury in an upcoming Queen movie?	Sacha Baron Cohen \| News, Photos and Videos \| Page 4 \| Contactmusic.com Sacha Baron Cohen Sacha Baron Cohen Brian May Freddie Mercury Queen Says Cohen's claims against the content of the film are unfounded. Brian May is painfully truthful about his opinion of Sacha Baron Cohen after the comedian pulled out of the Freddie Mercury biopic over disagreements about the content of the movie. When Cohen suggested that producers wanted something that was essentially a watered down reality, May wasn't happy. Sacha Baron Cohen branded an a*** 'Grimsby' star Sacha Baron Cohen could well have made the perfect Freddie Mercury in the Queen biopic that's currently in the works. However, he decided to walk away from the project once he realised that it wouldn't be as candid as he'd have liked. He opened up about the conflict on The Howard Stern Show, claiming that May was 'not a great movie producer' and only interested to 'protect their legacy as a band'. Sacha Baron Cohen Cohen had worked on the long-in-development biopic for six years before eventually pulling out of the project. Sacha Baron Cohen has finally revealed why he left the planned Freddie Mercury biopic, after working on the project for six years. Appearing on Howard Stern’s radio show , Cohen explained that differences with Mercury’s former bandmates over the direction of the film caused his exit, as the actor had wanted to include the wilder side of the frontman’s life. Sacha Baron Cohen has spoken out about the Freddie Mercury biopic. "There are amazing stories about Freddie Mercury," Cohen explained. "The guy was wild. He was living an extreme lifestyle There are stories of little people with plates of cocaine on their heads walking around a party." Sacha Baron Cohen Donald Trump Known as 'The Brothers Grimsby' in the States, Sony are nervous ahead of a scene in which the divisive Republican frontrunner contracts HIV. Cinema-goers who have been to see Sacha Baron Cohen ’s new comedy movie Grimsby – known as The Brothers Grimsby in the States – have been cheering a scene in which presidential hopeful Donald Trump is infected with HIV. However, a new report citing industry sources indicates that Sony, the studio behind the movie, was extremely nervous about the scene and pushed to have it cut from the final edit. In the event, because Cohen has final authority over the movie (a rare move in the industry for a producer/actor), it remained in the full theatrical release, according to The Huffington Post . Sacha Baron Cohen with wife Isla Fisher in February 2016 Continue reading: Sony Reportedly Anxious Over Donald Trump AIDS Scene In 'Grimsby' Sacha Baron Cohen - Sacha Baron Cohen arrives on a flight to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) - Lax, California, United States - Friday 26th February 2016 Sasha Baron Cohen - Sasha Baron Cohen wearing a German kit whilst entering a classic Mercedes-Benz outside Adlon Hotel in Mitte. - Berlin, Germany - Wednesday 24th February 2016 Sacha Baron Cohen - Sasha Baron Cohen arriving at Berlin Tegel airport with a currywurst and beer in his hand to promote his latest movie Grimsby. at Berlin Tegel airport - Berlin, Germany - Tuesday 23rd February 2016 Sacha Baron Cohen , Nobby - The World Premiere of 'Grimsby' held at the Odeon Leicester Square - Arrivals at Odeon Leicester Square - London, United Kingdom - Monday 22nd February 2016 Sacha Baron Cohen - Sacha Baron Cohen and Isla Fisher seen leaving there London Hotel heading to The Grimsby Brothers premiere. - London, United Kingdom - Monday 22nd February 2016 Sacha Baron Cohen , Nobby - The World Premiere of 'Grimsby' held at the Odeon Leicester Square - Arrivals at Odeon Leicester Square - London, United Kingdom - Monday 22nd February 2016 Sacha Baron Cohen - Sacha Baron Cohen leaves his hotel wearing a dressing gown, to attend the premiere of his new film 'The Brothers Grimsby' - London, United Kingdom - Monday 22nd February 2016 Sacha Baron Cohen BAFTA Weighing in on the diversity in Hollywood debate. When it comes to racial inequality in the film industry, comedian Sacha Baron C	Brüno (2009) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Flamboyant and gay Austrian Brüno looks for new fame in America. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Visit IMDb Picks Related News a list of 30 titles created 04 Aug 2011 a list of 47 titles created 05 Dec 2011 a list of 24 titles created 13 Mar 2012 a list of 38 titles created 06 Sep 2014 a list of 26 titles created 26 Jun 2015 Search for " Brüno " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 2 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards » Videos Kazakh TV talking head Borat is dispatched to the United States to report on the greatest country in the world. With a documentary crew in tow, Borat becomes more interested in locating and marrying Pamela Anderson . Director: Larry Charles The heroic story of a dictator who risked his life to ensure that democracy would never come to the country he so lovingly oppressed. Director: Larry Charles Ali G unwittingly becomes a pawn in the evil Chancellor's plot to overthrow the Prime Minister of Great Britain. However, instead of bringing the Prime Minister down, Ali is embraced by the... See full summary » Director: Mark Mylod A new assignment forces a top spy to team up with his football hooligan brother. Director: Louis Leterrier An ignorant, wannabe-Jamaican British b-boy; an anti-Semitic, misogynistic but friendly Kazakhstani television reporter; and a homosexual Austrian fashonista--all played by Sacha Baron ... See full summary » Stars: Sacha Baron Cohen, Buzz Aldrin, Arthur Danto Edit Storyline Brüno is a gay Austrian fashion guru. He has his own fashion based television show, Funkyzeit, the most popular German-language show of its kind outside of Germany. After he disgraces himself in front of his Funkyzeit fan base, he is ruined in German speaking Europe. He decides that in his quest for worldwide fame, he will move to Los Angeles and reinvent himself. Accompanying him to the US is Lutz, his former assistant's assistant. Lutz is the only person left in his circle that still believes in Brüno's greatness. Brüno goes through one reinvention of himself after another, ultimately straying to areas far removed from his own self. Perhaps when Brüno finds an activity that he truly does love, he will also find that über-fame he so desperately desires. Written by Huggo Rated R for pervasive strong and crude sexual content, graphic nudity and language \| See all certifications » Parents Guide: 10 July 2009 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Brüno: Delicious Journeys Through America for the Purpose of Making Heterosexual Males Visibly Uncomfortable in the Presence of a Gay Foreigner in a Mesh T-Shirt See more » Filming Locations: £5,000,229 (UK) (10 July 2009) Gross: Elton John : As himself in "The Dove of Peace" sequence. See more » Goofs The movie's premise is that this is all real footage made by Brüno's news crew. Who, then, is filming the scenes where Brüno is alone and homeless on the streets? See more » Quotes Brüno : Ich was going to become famous by solving a world problem! But which one? Clooney's got Darfur, Sting's got the Amazon, and Bono's got AIDS! Luckily, there was still one shithole left to fix: the Middle Earth. See more » Crazy Credits The U in the Universal logo is spelled with an umlaut (Ü) like the movie's title. See more » Connections For those asking how the shock effect of 'Borat' could be topped... 10 July 2009 \| by nosiesnetnieuws (Maastricht, Netherlands) – See all my reviews Brüno is a gay Austrian fashion reporter impersonated by the man that notoriously starred as Borat in... Borat. (For those that have seen Borat: you probably know what to expect. If you did not like Borat for the painfully explicit content, stay away from Brüno. If you almost died of laughter during a c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,308	Indonesia's governing constitution since independence is a?	Indonesia's governing constitution since independence is a: Monarchy; Military Dictatorship; Presidential Democracy; or Religious Theocracy? View the step-by-step solution to: Indonesia's governing constitution since independence is a: Monarchy; Military Dictatorship; Presidential Democracy; or Religious Theocracy? This question was answered on May 31, 2016. View the Answer Indonesia's governing constitution since independence is a: Monarchy; Military Dictatorship; Presidential Democracy; or Religious Theocracy? mablehardy posted a question · May 31, 2016 at 5:10am Top Answer rampsaud answered the question · May 31, 2016 at 5:10am Other Answers Here is the solution... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29838053) ]} The way to approach this... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29838056) ]} The best way to approach your question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29838063) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions 1-The revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries can be seen as examples of Europeans trying to apply the philosophical ideals of the Enlightenment Recently Asked Questions Need a World History tutor? Academicachirves 4 World History experts found online! Average reply time is less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. 890,990,898 Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! 890,990,898 Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!	Indonesia Flag, Indoneisan Flag Papua New Guinea Flag Indonesian Flag Description The flag of Indonesia is a bicolor flag of red and white, divided horizontally with red on top and white below. The flag has been named Sang Saka Merah-Putih, meaning the Sacred Red and White. The red and white of the Indonesian flag represent courage and purity respectively. An additional symbolic meaning for the colors is that red represents physical life and white symbolizes spiritual life, which combined make up humans. With a fairly simple flag design, the Indonesian flag closely resembles the flag of Monaco, as well as the flags of Poland and Singapore. Flag of Indonesia History The flag of Indonesia was adopted on August 17, 1945, when Indonesia gained independence from the Netherlands. The flag was first hoisted for the Independence Day celebrations on that day, and has remained the same design throughout Indonesian history. The colors red and white have been used in Indonesia since at least the thirteenth century, dating back to the Majapahit Empire. The colors are commonly used by countries all around the region because of this history. Some versions of the Indonesian flag history say that the flag was derived from the Dutch flag, which had flown in Indonesia when the island nation was under the rule of the Netherlands. To signify their new-found independence, Indonesians took the Dutch flags and removed the blue, creating the red and white flag used today. ACOD~20130104	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,309	Turkey, Clover, Nadler and Gutter are all terms used in which game?	Bowling Terms - 2017 Bowling Terms Browse through team names to find funny team terms and cool team terms. Check out our complete list of bowling terms. Are you looking for the best bowling team name? Find the perfect funny term for your bowling. Bowling Terms 2017 (Go) off the sheet: To end a game with many consecutive strikes. ("He can go off the sheet for a 259 game." See "Strike out"; comes from long ago when bowling was scored on paper.) Also "Go to the wall." (to bowl a) Stewart: A Perfect game of 12 strikes continuously. /: Symbol for a spare. 300 game: A perfect game of 12 strikes in a row. 300 game jinx: It is customary when someone starts a game with a string of strikes not to mention the possibility of scoring 300, which would "jinx" the player. 5 Bagger (Yahtzee and Dropping the Nickel): A 5 bagger is five strikes in a row. Other nicknames for it is Yahtzee and Dropping the Nickel. ABC: American Bowling Congress; official rule-making body for ten pin bowling for its members in the US, Canada, Puerto Rico and US military bases worldwide; founded in 1895 and headquartered in Greendale, Wisconsin, 5301 S. 76th Street 53129. Absentee: See Blind Action: Motion of the pins caused by the bowler's technique; generally, the combination of accuracy, rotation (also see), and other factors, causing pin motion which is horizontal, rather than vertical, since a horizontally spinning pin covers more of the lane. Address: Bowler’s starting position. All the way: Finishing a game with nothing but strikes. Alley: playing surface, made of maple, pine or urethane boards; urethane lanes are becoming more popular than wood American Bowling Congress (ABC): The world's largest sports organization and the official rule-making body of tenpin bowling. Anchor: In league play, this is the person bowling last on the team. This is usually the best bowler on the team, and/or the bowler considered to be the coolest under pressure. Angle: The direction in which the ball travels when going into the 1-3 pocket, 1-2 for left hand bowlers. Apple: 1) Bowling ball; 2) bowler who fails to come through in a clutch situation. (choke) Approach: The space before the foul line, approximately 15 feet. Can also refer to the steps the bowler takes before delivering the ball over the foul line. Armswing: The arc of the bowling arm and hand from the first move toward the line until the delivery of the ball over the line. Arrows: Aiming points embedded in the lane. These seven arrows (usually red or black, but may be other colors) are used for targeting. (darts) Automatic foul detector: Light beam at the foul line which sounds an alarm if the bowler's foot crosses it. Penalty for doing so is loss of pins for that ball; the bowler shoots at a new rack of ten pins (which counts as a spare if all are knocked down). (foul, foul line) Automatic Pinsetter: First used in the 1940s, the original editions took note of the pins left, swept the entire area, and reset the pins for the spare. This invention is credited for the great bowling boom of the 1950s; the inventor received $1 million from AMF. Average: This is a method for a bowler to compare their skill against other bowlers. The average is computed by adding the total score from multiple games, then dividing by the number of games bowled. Baby ball: To throw too delicate or release too carefully. Baby ball, Baby the ball: Too delicate, not enough emphasis on delivering the ball with authority; released too carefully. Baby split BABY SPLIT: This is a split that occurs when the 2 & 7 pins or the 3 & 10 pins only remain after the bowlers first throw. This is considered to be the easiest splits to pick up. Baby split with company: The 2-7-8 or 3-9-10. Back end: The last 15–20 feet of the lane, where the ball is supposed to develop the most friction (due to lack of oil) and hook into the pocket. Back ends: The last 6 feet of the lane. Backup: A ball that falls to the right for right-hand bowlers and left for left-hand bowlers. Backup alley: A lane that holds or tends to stop	Sports Sports With which sport would you most associate the commentator Ted Lowe? The 'Green Jacket' is presented to the winner of which sporting event? From what bridge does the Oxford/Cambridge boat race start? In which Olympics did Steve Redgrave win his first Olympic gold medal? In what sport do players take long and short corners? By what name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento better known? For half a mark each, give the nationality and the team (2003) of Fernando Alonso, the youngest-ever grand prix winner? What is the 'perfect score' in a game of Ten Pin Bowling? Which current premier league football team had an obsolete nickname of the Glaziers? What is the name of the new Leicester Football club stadium? What is the highest-achieveable break in snooker?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,310	On which quiz show does Richard Osman appear?	BBC Blogs - TV blog - Richard Osman: My love affair with the quiz show Richard Osman: My love affair with the quiz show Wednesday 15 April 2015, 13:09 Richard Osman introduces BBC Four's Classic Game Shows Collection , a nostalgic assortment of game shows from the BBC archives. Here are a few questions for you: Who is the longest-serving UK TV quiz host of all-time? How many episodes of Countdown have there been? Who created the notorious quiz show flop 24 Hour Quiz? Why have quiz shows remained so popular on British television? I’ll give you the answers to the first three at the end of this introduction. And if you’re thinking about them right now, then you already know the answer to the last one. I love quiz shows, I’ve been making them for many years, and now I have accidentally stumbled into hosting them too. They rarely win Baftas, they never get reviewed in the posh papers, but the enduring ones capture a place in the hearts of the nation in a way that very few shows do. There are a number of reasons for this, but two are particularly key. Firstly they are, by their very nature, incredibly interactive. Viewers can’t help but play along, whether it’s trying to name the most obscure member of Westlife (Nicky) on Pointless , or punching the air in delight if you ever get a single question correct on University Challenge . I have always likened quizzes to sport for competitive people who are terrible at playing sport, myself included. Some shows I’ve produced have been successful, some spectacularly unsuccessful, but the development process is always the same. You get an idea, a little hook, and then you play it over and over again. You play it with good quizzers, you play it with bad quizzers, just to spot any little holes in the format, anything that seems unfair or confusing. You then make little nips and tucks to address these problems. Usually these little nips and tucks make the format even more complicated, or drag it too far away from the initial concept and the format is abandoned. But very occasionally something comes along that is robust enough to survive the process, and that’s when the ‘play-along’ question becomes key. Is it fun to play, and, much more importantly, is it fun to watch? I remember pitching The Million Pound Drop to the head of Channel 4, and he loved playing it so much he kept asking more and more colleagues into his office just so he could watch them play it too. That is exactly what makes a hit quiz show. Victoria Coren-Mitchell has hosted 10 series of Only Connect to date The second reason for the success of quizzes is their sheer volume. Quizzes have always been inexpensive and quick to make. As you have the same set for every episode, you could make many, many episodes of Pointless, for example, for the same money and in the same time frame that you could make one episode of a high production drama. Therefore quizzes become a ‘perfect storm’ for channels. Something economical and relatively quick to make, that viewers actually love. For example, two of BBC Two’s highest rating shows, week in, week out, are two of their most low-cost shows to produce: University Challenge and Only Connect . So how does this perfect storm come about? Viewers usually spot low-cost TV a mile off and will sometimes run for cover. Well, quizzes are inexpensive and quick to make, but they are made with great attention to detail and great enthusiasm. There has always been a wonderful sub-set of people who work in TV, who simply love making quiz shows. Great producers, great format-tinkerers, and, most importantly the great unsung question writers. You might call us geeks, I couldn’t possibly comment. This sheer volume means that quizzes become part of our daily routine. A regular workout for the brain. Every time Countdown started, my Grandad would take out his pen and his notebook, cup of tea by his side, and play along. I know people do the same with Pointless (maybe not with the pen and pad) and that always makes me feel incredibly lucky, and I know he’d be watching if he were still around. That connection	Ask the Family - UKGameshows Ask the Family Dave Chapman (2005: as "Tiddler", and announcer "Mr Ha Ha Rubbish") Broadcast BBC1, 12 June 1967 to 22 October 1984 (221 episodes in 17 series) BBC Birmingham for UK Gold and BBC Two, 6 June to 10 October 1999 (31 episodes in 1 series) as Dick & Dom's Ask the Family BBC Two, 4 April to 6 May 2005 (23 episodes in 1 series) Synopsis In the beginning Terribly middle-class quiz for families with serious-looking glasses and tight perms (and that was just the men). That most BBC of contestant groupings, the species known as the "family of four", competed in a mixture of high-brow general knowledge and themed rounds. The teams were always made from four contestants. Radio pundit and general intellectual bloke Robert Robinson fired the questions. Novelties included close-up photo questions, simple number and word games, and ultra lo-tech pieces of black and white cardboard that "animated" to reveal the answers for picture puzzles. The idea of this puzzle was to realise that 1+2+3...+100 is the same as 50 pairs of 101, therefore the total is 5050. Not the BBC at its most dynamic, but it must have gone down well in Godalming and Cheedle. We meet again An unexpected remake was made in 1999, a co-production between UKTV and the BBC. The mix of questions was essentially the same hotch-potch of numbers, words, and whatever else came to hand. Naturally, the first person you'd think of to host a quiz is a gardener...? But don't worry, for Alan Titchmarsh is an affable and witty enough host without crossing the line into Richard Whiteley "groandom". New man on the block, Alan Titchmarsh, with series winners, the Morgans The format was spruced up for the Nineties. First of all, a computer (what? technology?) had been introduced to help with the scoring and the puzzles. However, some things never change. The set was as compact as ever, and there was still no room (nor need, frankly) for a studio audience. The ultimate prize was a multimedia PC for the family. Runners-up got Ask The Family mugs each with their own names stamped on them. Alan Titchmarsh Shows in this revival first went out on UK Gold during weekend teatimes. It was repeated on BBC2 during weekdays, with the final scheduled for 15 October. Over-running golf caused the final to be postponed, and it eventually went out three weeks later on 12 November. The brand spanking new set Puzzles galore The same varied mix of questions, written by Toby Freeman (a veteran question writer of many a quiz show, most notably the excellent Wipeout ) was used in this 90s version. They ranged from straightforward general knowledge questions, to lateral thinking groaners, to dynamic picture-based puzzles. One major change was that the questions are worth 20 points to begin with, but this was reduced the longer it takes for the teams to buzz in. Here's a representative sample of the visual questions used: (top left) What word precedes all the other words? (top right) What object is this? (middle left) Who is this? (middle right) An appropriate (or "cognate") anagram (bottom left) A pelmanism "pick a pair" game in progress (bottom right) A traditional IQ logic question We meet again, again The latest incarnation was broadcast on BBC2, and was widely hyped as the first primetime outing for Dick'n'Dom out of Da Bungalow . The BBC claimed it would appeal to everyone from kids to grannies. The truth is rather more frank than that - this is really a kids show at teatime, and as such its appeal is going to be very limited. This was certainly the case with the ratings, with 0.7m (4% share) as a typical showing against a more usual 2m for this slot. And as well as the viewers voting with their feet (or, rather, remote control buttons) it's received a critical mauling too. So what's gone wrong? Mainly it falls between far too many stools that it only ends up appealing to 10-year-old fans of Dick and Dom who don't particularly like quiz shows. The questions lurch around from fairly entertaining to bog standard pub quiz. The comedy sketches are woefully unfunny (pos	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,311	Which Massachusetts delegate was President of the Second Continental Congress and his large signature on the 1776 Declaration of Independence?	John Hancock - American Revolution - HISTORY.com Google John Hancock’s Early Years and Family John Hancock was born on January 23 (or January 12, according to the calendar in use at the time), 1737, in Braintree (present-day Quincy), Massachusetts . After his clergyman father died when Hancock was a boy, he was raised by his aunt and uncle, Thomas Hancock (1703-1764), a wealthy merchant, in their elegant Boston mansion. Did You Know? Boston's 60-story John Hancock Tower (also called Hancock Place) is the city's tallest building. It was named for the John Hancock insurance company, which was named for the Massachusetts statesman. In Chicago, the 100-story John Hancock Center was the sixth-tallest building in the United States as of 2010. After graduating from Harvard College in 1754, Hancock went to work for his uncle. When Thomas Hancock, who was childless, died in 1764, his nephew inherited his lucrative import-export business and became one of the richest men in New England. Hancock would later earn a reputation for being generous and using his personal wealth for public projects; however, he also received criticism from some people, including fellow Revolutionary leader Samuel Adams (1722-1803), for his conspicuously lavish lifestyle. In 1775, Hancock married Dorothy Quincy (1747-1830), the daughter of a Boston merchant and magistrate. The couple had two children, a boy and a girl, neither of whom survived to adulthood. The Road to Revolution In 1765, John Hancock entered local politics when he was elected a Boston selectman. The following year, he won election to the Massachusetts colonial legislature. Around this same time, the British Parliament began imposing a series of regulatory measures, including tax laws, to gain further control over its 13 American colonies. The colonists opposed these measures, particularly the tax laws, arguing that only their own representative assemblies impose tax them. Over the next decade, anti-British sentiment among the colonists intensified and eventually led to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Hancock came into direct conflict with the British in 1768, when one of his merchant ships, the Liberty, was seized in Boston Harbor by British customs officials who claimed Hancock had illegally unloaded cargo without paying the required taxes. Hancock was a popular figure in Boston, and the seizure of his ship led to angry protests by local residents. In the ensuing months and years, Hancock became increasingly involved in the movement for American independence. Massachusetts was at the center of this movement, and Boston, in particular, was dubbed the “Cradle of Liberty.” A Wanted Man In 1774, John Hancock was elected president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, which declared itself an autonomous government. In December of the same year, he was chosen as a Massachusetts delegate to the Second Continental Congress, which served as the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution . Hancock’s revolutionary activities made him a target for British authorities. In 1775, he and fellow patriot Samuel Adams avoided arrest in Lexington, Massachusetts, after Paul Revere (1735-1818) made his legendary nighttime ride to warn them the British were coming. John Hancock’s Famous Signature In May 1775, John Hancock was elected president of the Continental Congress, which was meeting in Philadelphia. The next month, the Congress chose George Washington (1732-1799) as commander of the Continental Army. (According to some accounts, Hancock had eyed the role for himself.) During the eight years of war that followed, Hancock used his wealth and influence to help fund the army and revolutionary cause. On July 4, 1776, Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence , a document drafted by Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) stating that the 13 American colonies were free from British rule. The document also detailed the importance of individual rights and freedoms. As president of the Continental Congress, Hancock is credited as the first signer of the Declar	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,312	What syndrome causes motor tics, and in 10% of cases, can cause compulsive cursing?	Tourette’s Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Sniffing Swearing Tics can be simple or complex. A simple tic affects one or just a few parts of the body, like blinking the eyes or making a face. A complex one involves many parts of the body or saying words. Jumping and swearing are examples. Continued Before a motor tic, you may get a sensation that can feel like a tingle or tension. The movement makes the sensation go away. You might be able to hold your tics back for a little while, but you probably can't stop them from happening. Doctors aren’t sure why, but about half of people with Tourette's also have symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ). You may have trouble paying attention, sitting still, and finishing tasks. Tourette’s can also cause problems with: How long will these symptoms last? Will they ever go away? Do I need any more tests? What kind of specialists do I need to see? Do I need any treatment? Do the treatments have any side effects? If I have children, what are the chances they will have Tourette’s? If your child has Tourette’s, you may also want to ask how long his tics might last or what you can do to help him deal with his symptoms at home and at school. Continued Treatment Many times, tics are mild and don't need to be treated. If they become a problem, your doctor may prescribe medicine to help them. It can take a while to find the right dose that helps control tics but avoids side effects, so be patient as you and your doctor work through it. Paxil (paroxetine), Prozac ( fluoxetine ), Zoloft ( sertraline ), and other antidepressants , which can relieve anxiety , sadness, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Along with medicine, you may want to consider talk therapy. A psychologist or counselor can help you learn how to deal with the social issues your tics and other symptoms may cause. Behavior therapy may also help. A specific kind, called habit-reversal training, teaches you how to recognize that a tic is coming and then move in a way that stops it. Taking Care of Yourself Often the hardest part of living with Tourette's is dealing with the embarrassment or frustration of having tics you can't control. While you're getting help from your doctor, you can do a few other things to feel better: Get support. Your family, friends, health care team, or a support group can help you meet the challenges of Tourette's. Stay active. Play sports, paint, or volunteer. These activities will take your mind off your symptoms. Relax. Read a book, listen to music, meditate, or do yoga . Low-key activities you enjoy can combat the stress that can lead to tics. Educate yourself. Learn everything you can about your condition so you'll know what to do when you have symptoms. If your child has Tourette’s, talk to his school about it. You can give staff the facts about the condition and see what kind of support they can give him, like extra tutoring or smaller classes. Fitting in socially also can be hard for a child with the disease. Help him practice ways to handle teasing or comments from other kids. Continued What to Expect In most cases, kids grow out of their tics by their late teens or early 20s. A few will have them for the rest of their lives, but their symptoms may get better as they get older. Getting Support For more information on Tourette’s syndrome or to find others who are facing its challenges, visit the web site of the national Tourette Syndrome Association . WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Neil Lava, MD on September 30, 2016 Sources	Diseases & Conditions beginning with "C". Health Topics. Chronic fatigue syndrome - is characterized primarily by profound fatigue. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a term used to describe chronic airway obstruction that results from emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, or any combination of these disorders. Cirrhosis of the Liver - chronic scarring of the liver, leading to loss of normal liver function. Cocaine abuse - The social use of cocaine is generally termed abuse. Cold, Common - a contagious viral infection of the upper-respiratory passages including the nose, throat, sinuses, ears, eustachian tubes, trachea, larynx, bronchial tubes. Colitis - is one of a group of conditions which are inflammatory and auto-immune, affecting the tissue that lines the gastrointestinal system (the large and small intestine). Colitis, ulcerative - a serious, chronic, inflammatory disease of the colon characterized by ulceration and episodes of bloody diarrhea. Congenital Heart Defects - is usually a structural malformation, but occasionally can be a disturbance in the rhythm or the pumping ability of the heart. Constipation - difficult, uncomfortable, or infrequent bowel movements that are hard and dry. Contraception - occurs when sperm are deposited in the vagina during intercourse. Cor pulmonale - congestive heart failure resulting from raised blood pressure in the lungs. This is a complication of disorders that slow or block blood flow in the lungs. Coronary artery bypass graft - is usually a structural malformation, but occasionally can be a disturbance in the rhythm or the pumping ability of the heart. Crohn's disease - is a condition which involves chronic inflammation of the bowel. Cushing's Syndrome - an endocrine disorder caused by excess corticosteroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Cystic fibrosis - is an inherited genetic condition which is first seen in children. Cystitis - The word cystitis means inflammation of the urinary bladder although it has often come to be used to describe the symptoms caused by a urinary infection. Cytomegalovirus - is a member of the Herpes virus family. Canker sores - Painful, round ulcers on the linings of the cheeks and lips, the tongue, or the base of the gums. This condition is often inherited. Carcinoid syndrome - A combination of symptoms caused by the release of chemicals (e.g., serotonin) from carcinoid tumors. Cardiac arrest - The abrupt, immediate stopping of the heart. Without immediate treatment with a defibrillator, sudden cardiac death is unavoidable. Celiac disease - Sensitivity to the protein gluten (found in grains such as wheat, oats, rye, and barley). It is an immune response, not an actual allergy. Cellulitis - Skin infection characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. It is an infection of the deeper layers of the skin. Cervical dysplasia - The presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. A precancerous condition that can lead to cervical cancer if untreated. Cervical spondylosis - Arthritis of the neck caused by abnormal wear on the cartilage and bones of the neck (cervical vertebrae). Chlamydia infection - A common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can lead to urinary tract infection and pelvic infections in women. It can cause infertility in both men and women if untreated and often causes no symptoms. Cholecystitis - Inflammation or irritation of the gallbladder. Claudication - Pain or weakness in the limbs caused by restricted blood flow. It is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Cold sore - Tiny blisters on the lip or inside the mouth on the gums and palate. They are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), which is transmitted through person-to-person contact. Colic in infants - Prolonged episodes of crying in infants that occur for no apparent reason, usually between the ages of 3 weeks and 3 months of age. Infants are often inconsolable. Conjunctivitis - Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the tissue lining the inside of the eyelid. It can be caused by an allergy or infection. Corn or callus - Hardening, thickeni	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,313	Which element, of pale greenish-yellow colour, has the atomic number 9?	The Element Flourine -- Fluorine Atom General Name, Symbol, Number Fluorine, F, 9 Series Halogens Group, Period, Block 17 (VIIA), 2 , p Density, Hardness 1.696 kg/m3 (273 K) , NA Appearance pale greenish-yellow gas Atomic properties Atomic weight 18.9984 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 50 (42) pm Covalent radius 71 pm van der Waals radius 147 pm Electron configuration [He]2s2 2p5 e- 's per energy level 2, 7 Oxidation states (Oxide) -1 (strong acid) Crystal structure cubic Physical properties State of matter Gas (nonmagnetic) Melting point 53.53 K (-363.32 ï¿½F) Boiling point 85.03 K (-306.62 ï¿½F) Molar volume 11.20 ï¿½10-6 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 3.2698 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 0.2552 kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data Speed of sound no data Miscellaneous Electronegativity 3.98 (Pauling scale) Specific heat capacity 824 J/(kgK) Electrical conductivity no data Thermal conductivity 0.0279 W/(mK) 1st ionization potential 1681.0 kJ/mol 2nd ionization potential 3374.2 kJ/mol 3rd ionization potential 6050.4 kJ/mol 4th ionization potential 8407.7 kJ/mol 5th ionization potential 11022.7 kJ/mol 6th ionization potential 15164.1 kJ/mol 7th ionization potential 17868 kJ/mol 8th ionization potential 92038.1 kJ/mol 9th ionization potential 106434.3 kJ/mol SI units & STP are used except where noted. Notable characteristics Pure fluorine is a corrosive pale yellow gas that is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is the most reactive and electronegative of all the elements, and forms compounds with most other elements, including the noble gases xenon and radon. Even in dark, cool conditions, fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen. In a jet of fluorine gas, glass, metals, water and other substances burn with a bright flame. It always occurs combined and has such an affinity for most elements, especially silicon, that it can neither be prepared nor should be kept in glass vessels. In aqueous solution, fluorine commonly occurs as the fluoride ion F-. Other forms are fluoro-complexes (such as [FeF4]-) or H2F+. Fluorides are compounds that combine fluoride with some positively charged rest. They often consist of ions. Applications Fluorine is used in the production of low friction plastics such as Teflon, and in halons such as Freon. Other uses: Hydrofluoric acid (chemical formula HF) is used to etch glass in light bulbs and other products. Monatomic fluorine is used for plasma ashing in semiconductor manufacturing. Along with its compounds, fluorine is used in the production of uranium (from the hexafluoride) and in more than 100 different commercial fluorochemicals, including many high-temperature plastics. Fluorochlorohydrocarbons are used extensively in air conditioning and in refrigeration. Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned for these applications because they are suspected to contribute to the ozone hole. Sulfurhexafluoride is an extremely inert and nontoxic gas. These classes of compounds are potent greenhouse gases. Potassiumhexafluoroaluminate, the so-called cryolite, is used in electrolysis of Aluminium. Sodium fluoride has been used as an insecticide, especially against cockroaches. Some other fluorides are often added to toothpaste and (somewhat controversially) to municipal water supplies to prevent dental cavities. Some researchers have studied elemental fluorine gas a possible rocket propellant due to its exceptionally high specific impulse. History Fluorine ( L fluere meaning flow or flux) in the form of fluorspar	YouTube Undo Close "Dr Hook ~ Sy..." The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. Sorry about that.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,314	"The character of Archie Bunker in the American comedy series, ""All in the Family"", was based on which character from a BBC series?"	All in the Family \| Archive of American Television All in the Family from the Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Television For five years, All in the Family, which aired on CBS from 1971-1983 (in its last four seasons under the title Archie Bunker's Place ), was the top-rated show on American television, and the winner of four consecutive Emmy Awards as Outstanding Comedy Series. All in the Family was not only one of the most successful sitcoms in history, it was also one of the most important and influential series ever to air, for it ushered in a new era in American television characterized by programs that did not shy away from addressing controversial or socially relevant subject matters. All in the Family's storylines centered on the domestic concerns of the Bunker household in Queens, New York. Family patriarch and breadwinner Archie Bunker ( Carroll O'Connor ) was a bigoted loading dock worker disturbed by the changes occurring in the American society he once knew. To Archie, gains by the "Spades," "Spics," or "Hebes" of America (as he referred to Blacks, Hispanics, and Jews, respectively), came at his expense and that of other lower middle class whites. Countering Archie's harsh demeanor was his sweet but flighty "dingbat" wife, Edith. Played by Jean Stapleton , Edith usually endured Archie's tirades in a manner meant to avoid confrontation. But that was hardly the case with Archie's live-in son-in-law Mike Stivic ( Rob Reiner ), a liberal college student who was married to the Bunkers' daughter, Gloria (Sally Struthers). The confrontations between Archie and Mike ("Meathead") served as the basis for much of All in the Family's comedy. As surely as Archie could be counted upon to be politically conservative and socially misguided, Mike was equally liberal and sensitive to the concerns of minorities and the oppressed, and, because both characters were extremely vocal in their viewpoints, heated conflict between the two was assured. Producers Norman Lear and Alan (Bud) Yorkin brought All in the Family into being by obtaining the U.S. rights to the hit British comedy series, Till Death Us Do Part, which aired on the BBC in the mid-1960s and featured the character of bigoted dock worker Alf Garnett. Lear developed two pilots based on the concept for ABC, with O'Connor (Mickey Rooney had been Lear's first choice to play Archie) and Stapleton in the lead roles. But when ABC turned down the series, then known as Those Were the Days, it appeared that it would never get off the ground. Luckily for Lear and Yorkin, CBS President Robert D. Wood was in the market for new shows that would appeal to the more affluent, urban audience the network's entrenched lineup of top-rated but aging series failed to attract. As a result, CBS jettisoned highly rated programs like The Red Skelton Show and Green Acres in an effort to improve the demographic profile of its audiences, and All in the Family seemed a perfect, though risky, vehicle to put in their place. CBS therefore made a 13-episode commitment to air the series beginning in January 1971, as a midseason replacement. The network had good reason to be wary of reaction to its new show. All in the Family seemed to revel in breaking prime time's previously unbreakable taboos. Archie's frequent diatribes laced with degrading racial and ethnic epithets, Mike and Gloria's obviously active sex	Spike Milligan Spike Milligan Person Terence Alan "Spike" Milligan (16 April 1918 – 27 February 2002) was a comedian, writer and actor. The son of an Irish father and an English mother, his early life was spent in India where he was born. The majority of his working life was spent in the United Kingdom. He disliked his first name and began to call himself "Spike" after hearing a band on Radio Luxembourg called Spike Jones and his City Slickers. Milligan was the co-creator, main writer and a principal cast member of The Goon Show, performing a range of roles including the popular Eccles and Minnie Bannister characters. Milligan wrote and edited many books, including Puckoon and his seven-volume autobiographical account of his time serving during the Second World War, beginning with Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall. He is also noted as a popular writer of comical verse; much of his poetry was written for children, including Silly Verse for Kids (1959). After success with the groundbreaking British radio programme, The Goon Show, Milligan translated this success to television with Q5, a surreal sketch show which is credited as a major influence on the members of Monty Python's Flying Circus. He was the oldest, longest lived and last surviving member of the Goons. Milligan's 1960 application for British citizenship and 1961 application for a British passport were blocked by his refusal to pledge an oath of allegiance to the United Kingdom, his adopted home for most of his adult life. When the Commonwealth Immigrants Act removed Indian-born Milligan's automatic right to British citizenship in 1962, he promptly became an Irish citizen, exercising a right conferred through the automatic retroactive Irish citizenship of his Irish-born father (ironically a British citizen). Spouses: Patricia Ridgeway (1962–78; her death) Shelagh Sinclair (1983–2002; his death) Children: Romany Watt-Milligan Early life Milligan was born in Ahmednagar, India, on 16 April 1918, the son of an Irish father, Captain Leo Alphonso Milligan, MSM,RA (1890–1969), who was serving in the British Indian Army. His mother, Florence Mary Winifred Kettleband (1893–1990), was English. He spent his childhood in Poona (India) and later in Rangoon, capital of British Burma. He was educated at the Convent of Jesus and Mary, Poona, and later at St Paul's High School, Rangoon. On leaving school he played the cornet and discovered jazz. He also joined the Young Communist League in opposition of Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, who were gaining support near his home in south London. After returning from Burma, Milligan lived most of his life in the United Kingdom apart from overseas service in the British Army in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. Second World War Men of Spike Milligan's unit, 56th Heavy Regiment, with a BL 9.2-inch howitzer, Hastings, Sussex, May 1940 During most of the late 1930s and early 1940s, Milligan performed as an amateur jazz vocalist and trumpeter before, during and after being called up for military service in the fight against Nazi Germany, but even then he wrote and performed comedy sketches as part of concerts to entertain troops. After his call-up but before being sent abroad, he and fellow musician Harry Edgington (1919–1993) (whose nickname 'Edge-ying-Tong', inspired one of Milligan's most memorable musical creations, the "Ying Tong Song") would compose surreal stories, filled with puns and skewed logic, as a way of staving off the boredom of life in barracks. One biographer describes his early dance band work as follows: "He managed to croon like Bing Crosby and win a competition: he also played drums, guitar and trumpet, in which he was entirely self taught"; he also acquired a double bass, on which he took lessons and would strum in jazz sessions. Milligan had perfect pitch. During the Second World War, Milligan served as a signaller in the 56th Heavy Regiment Royal Artillery, D Battery, as Gunner Milligan, 954024. The unit was equipped with the obsolete First World War era BL 9.2-inch howitzer and based i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,315	Which Pope was originally called Simon?	The Two Peters – One Apostle And One Pope, Simon The Sorceror The Two Peters – One An Apostle And One The First Pope This Roman Catholic Beliefs study will talk about the first Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Upon reading the title one might assume that this is a study of the First and Second Epistles of Peter from the New Testament. As edifying as that would be… the scene we set here is much different, one of mistaken identity, secret agendas and deception. The Roman Catholic Church claims that it was founded upon Simon Peter, the Apostle, and that this Peter was the first Pope or “Father” of “Christianity”. We offer evidence to challenge that claim and to orate the tale of “another Peter” who was the Head of the religion practiced by this “Mother Church”. Simon Peter The claim of the Catholic Church, per Jerome circa 240 AD, is that Peter went to Rome in the second year of the reign of Claudius or about 42 A.D. Of course they say he was first bishop at Antioch, and then ministered in Pontus, Galatia, Asia, Cappadocia, and Bithynia, before coming to Rome (to oppose Simon Magus), and was bishop of that church for 25 years, who was martyred by being crucified upside-down in the last year of Nero’s reign (67 A.D.) and was buried on the Vatican hill. They say that Peter’s entombed bones are under the high altar of “St. Peter’s” church in Rome. The Roman Catholic Church bases their position concerning Peter being the First Father or “cornerstone” of the church on these verses: Matthew 16:18-29 “And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.” They seem to think that when Jesus said “upon this rock” that He meant on Peter. A quick trip back to the original Greek text on a couple of these words gives us a little more insight on what Jesus is saying here. Matthew 16:18-19 “And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter (Greek is “Petros” or little, movable stone) , and upon this rock (Greek word “Petra” or unmovable stone/rock -is Christ speaking of Himself.) I will build my church; and the gates of hell (Greek = “Hades” meaning “the grave”) shall not prevail against it. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.” Peter is the little stone while Christ is the Rock, the difference is distinguished in the Greek wording. Christ had surnamed this Simon BarJona in John 1:42 “And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone.” In this verse Christ had used the Aramaic form of the Greek Petros or Peter. Christ is clearly the subject of the latter half of the first verse (18) shown. It is He who holds the keys to the gates of hell for it is only He who conquered death’s hold by His resurrection. Revelation 1:18 “I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death. “ Peter and the other disciples, inclusively, were given the keys to the kingdom of heaven and thusly are the subject of verse 19. They, like Christ, would not bind or loose anything contrary to God’s holy spirit or His commandments. Peter himself understood what Christ meant. He knew that Christ was the only foundation stone and that he himself, and the rest of God’s Chosen Ones, were little building blocks upon that foundation. I Peter 2:5-8 “Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. Wherefore also it is contained in the scripture, Behold, I lay in Sion a chief corner stone, elect, precious: and he that believeth on him shall not be confounded. Unto you therefo	Pope Francis - Photo 7 - Pictures - CBS News Pope Francis Jorge Mario Bergoglio attends his first Mass with cardinals as Pope Francis in the Sistine Chapel, March 14, 2013. Credit: L'Osservatore Romano/Getty Images Jorge Mario Bergoglio attends his first Mass with cardinals as Pope Francis in the Sistine Chapel, March 14, 2013. Credit: L'Osservatore Romano/Getty Images Pope Francis leads a mass at the Sistine Chapel a day after his election, at the Vatican, March 14, 2013. Credit: OSSERVATORE ROMANO/AFP/Getty Images Two nuns watch Pope Francis celebrate mass with the cardinals in the Sistine Chapel, as it is shown on a screen in St Peter's square, March 14, 2013. Credit: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Pope Francis sits on the papal throne in the Sistine Chapel during a Mass with his cardinals, March 14, 2013. He chose not to sit on the throne the previous day, as cardinals paid him homage upon his election. Credit: Vatican TV Jorge Mario Bergoglio attends his first private Mass as Pope Francis in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, March 14, 2013 . Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Merchandise depicting the newly elected Pope Francis is sold in a gift shop in Rome, March 14, 2013. Credit: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images Argentina's Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio giving a mass outside San Cayetano church in Buenos Aires, Aug. 7, 2009. Bergoglio, who took the name of Pope Francis, was elected on March 13, 2013 the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. Credit: AP In this picture taken March 3, 2013, Argentina's cardinal Jorge Bergoglio drinks "mate," a traditional local beverage, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Bergoglio was chosen as Pope on March 13, 2013, the first pope ever from the Americas and the first from outside Europe in more than a millennium. Credit: AP Photo/ DyN Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Newly elected Pope Francis appears on the central balcony of St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican, March 13, 2013. Argentinian Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as the 266th Pontiff and will lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics. Credit: Getty Images Pope Francis speaks from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, March 13, 2013. Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio who chose the name of Francis, is the 266th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia) Credit: Gregorio Borgia Argentine Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio during a mass for Ash Wednesday, opening Lent, the forty-day period of abstinence and deprivation for the Christians, before the Holy Week and Easter, at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Feb. 13, 2013. Credit: AFP/Getty Images Argentine Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio during a mass for Ash Wednesday, opening Lent, the forty-day period of abstinence and deprivation for the Christians, before the Holy Week and Easter, at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Feb. 13, 2013. Credit: AFP/Getty Images This screengrab from a YouTube video uploaded in 2008 shows then-Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio. According to its author,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,316	A flittermouse is an archaic name for which animal?	New Page 1 The passage from the Old Word to the New World in the Columbian Exchange was made by animals as well as humans. Both the non-domesticated and the domesticated animals made an impact on the New World. For example some of these impacts were the transformation of the grasslands and revolutionizing of labor. Overgrazing by enormous herds of sheep was the reasons for the transformation of the grasslands and the availability of horse, ass, and ox were responsible for the new power force for the land. They difference between the animals on the different sides of the Atlantic was extraordinary. The natives only had a few animal servants. They had the dog, two kinds of South American Camels, the guinea pig, and several kinds of fowls. Before the Columbian Exchange the natives had no beast of burden and did their hard labor entirely on their own. On Columbusï¿½s second voyage in 1493 he brought horses, dogs, pigs, cattle, chickens, sheep, and goats. When the explorers brought the new animals across the ocean it introduced a whole new means of transportation, a new labor form, and a new food source. The animals were rarely troubled by the diseases the humans were. So while the humans died off, the animals were thriving on the rich wildlife. The pigs reproduced the fastest and served as meat for the explorers. Swine herds were found everywhere. In 1514, pigs had multiplied to about 30,000 in Cuba. The pig of this time was a little different then todayï¿½s pig, it was more like a speedy wild boar. Pizarro brought pigs with him to Peru in 1531. Also De Soto brought them with him to Florida, and the thirteen that he brought multiplied to seven hundred three years later. This just shows us how rapid they were reproducing. Horses were extremely plentiful in Europe, especially on the Iberian Peninsula. The explorers brought their horses across the ocean with them because it was such an essential part of their lives. The first horses arrived with Columbus in 1493. The voyage across the Atlantic was not an easy one for the horses because of their size. In the beginning the natives were frightened because they had never seen an animal of such size and power. When the explorers were massacring the natives, they horses took a large part in these battles. Not only for speed but because they still terrified the natives. The horse was an important carrier of information for the explorers as well. They eventually multiplied and became free in the wild. Three main grasslands that they occupied and multiplied were Pampas of Argentina, Llanos of Venezuela and Columbia, and the central plains of American West stretching from central Mexico to Canada. The cattle were another very important animal to the New World. They were brought to Mexico in 1521. They also were brought by Columbus on his second voyage in 1493. They were both domestic and wild. Many of the arriving colonists were already cattleman so they adapted well. The cattle were killed for their hides and also their meat. Their hides were shipped back to Europe and sold. Cattle were one of the biggest assets of the new world because of the exports and the meat. Their meat supplied the explorers with the nourishment they needed. One of their downfalls was they destroyed the nativeï¿½s crops because of trampling and grazing. The black rat came across to the New World by mistake. They would stowaway on ships and come across on the colonial ports. They were new to Bermuda and ended up almost destroying an entire colony. They carried the diseases that plagued the colonists. The diseases they carried were bubonic plague and typhus. In some places they killed off the native smaller animals. Along with most of the other animals, sheep came along with Columbus in 1493. They were more vulnerable to predators so they had a hard time multiplying. They had trouble protecting themselves and it was very rare for them to run wild. They also carried diseases that helped kill llamas and alpacas. Sheep a	Who was the first woman to win an Academy Award Janet Gaynor - IT - 402 View Full Document Who was the first woman to win an Academy Award Janet Gaynor 1929 96 Where do they speak Malagasy Madagascar 97 What is a mud puppy American Salamander 98 You can ski on the piste but what other sport uses the term Fencing where the fight happens 99 Name Clint Eastwoods first film made in 1955 Francis in the Navy (1955) 100 What is the main flavouring in a Greek Tzataili sauce Garlic Page 127 This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 64 Answers 1 What links Dr Spock Errol Flynn and Emperor Nero Olympics Rowing Boxing Chariot 2 In what series of books did The Empress of Blandings appear Jeeves and Wooster a pig 3 What colour is iridium Steel Grey 4 Who founded ASH ( Action on Smoking and Health ) in 1971 Royal College of Physicians 5 What organisation opposes ASH FOREST 6 Who was the 1958 Cha-Cha champion of Hong Kong Bruce Lee 7 Who directed the 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia David Lean 8 In mythology Romulus Remus suckled by a shewolf fed by what Woodpecker 9 In Gustav Holsts Planets suite what planet is missing Pluto not known then 10 If you went on the road to Mandalay what country are you in Miramar or Burma 11 Which cathedral has 4440 statues Milan 12 Tarom Airlines is the national carrier of which country Romania 13 What does an armadillo taste like Pork 14 In what French district do most of the best clarets come from Medoc 15 What was the first complete symphony to be recorded Beethoven's fifth 16 Thomas Minton at Stoke on Trent created what in 1789 The Willow Pattern 17 What European nation was the first to drink tea The Dutch 18 What's the worlds longest rail journey made no train change Moscow Peking 19 What was first built in the Place de Greve in 1792 The Guillotine 20 In what book does Humpty Dumpty first appear Through the looking Glass 21 Who was called The Man of Destiny Napoleon Bonaparte 22 19-19-19 who's vital statistics Olive Oyl 23 Name both families in Soap Tates Campbells 24 Where would you find a gemshorn On an Organ 25 The flower convallaria is better known as what Lily of the Valley 26 In what stage show does Frank N Furter appear The Rocky Horror Picture Show 27 Who invented the rocking chair Benjamin Franklin 28 Gerald Thomas directed what series of films Carry on Films 29 What did composer Berlioz originally study Medicine 30 Ocean is NOT recognised International Hydrographic Bureau Antarctic Ocean 31 In the Saint series of books what is Inspector Teal's full name Claude Eustace Teal 32 What is the most common Spanish surname Garcia 33 Pirates of Penzance 34 Aconite the poison is obtained from what plant Wolf's-bane 35 What culture introduced hats and crackers at Xmas season Ancient Rome 36 Chang 1st Wang 2nd what third most common Chinese name Li 37 What word is derived from the Arabic mawsim meaning season Monsoon 38 What's the other name for the statue of Egyptian god Harmachis The Sphinx 39 The French call it nature morte the Spanish bodegon what is it Still Life painting 40 This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Kenyatta University IT 402 - Spring 2015 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling In Research What is research? According Webster (1985), to researc HYPO.docx	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,317	Which tree has the Latin name Salix?	Willow Tree Names and Types of Willow (Salix) Species Salix ×laestadiana = Salix cinerea × Salix lapponum Salix ×laurentiana (Laurent's Willow) = Salix discolor (Pussy Willow) × Salix myricoides (Bayberry Willow) Salix ×laurina (Laurel-leaf Willow, Lagervide) = Salix caprea × Salix phylicifolia Salix ×lyonensis = Salix repens (Creeping Willow) × Salix arbuscula Salix ×meyeriana (Shiny-leaf Willow) = Salix pentandra × Salix euxina, (Possibly Salix pentandra × Salix ×fragilis) Salix ×mollissima (Sharp-stipule Willow) = Salix triandra (Almond Willow) × Salix viminalis (Basket Willow, Osier) Salix ×obtusata (Obtuse Willow) = Salix myricoides (Bayberry Willow) × Salix pyrifolia (Balsam Willow) Salix ×pedunculata (Blackbract Willow) = Salix discolor (Pussy Willow, American Willow × Salix pellita (Satiny Willow) Salix ×pendulina (Wisconsin Weeping Willow, Weeping Crack Willow, Niobe Willow) = Salix fragilis (Crack Willow) × Salix babylonica (Babylon Willow, Peking Willow, Weeping Willow) Salix ×pendulina nothovar. elegantissima (Thurlow Weeping Willow) Salix ×pilosiuscula Salix ×pontederana = Salix cinerea × Salix purpurea Salix ×rubens (Synonym of Salix ×fragilis) Salix ×rubra (Green-leaf Willow, Flätvide) = Salix purpurea × Salix viminalis Salix ×schneiderii = Salix lucida (Shining Willow) × Salix nigra (Black Willow) Salix ×sepulcralis (Golden Weeping Willow, Kemp Willow, Weeping Willow) = Salix alba (White Willow) × Salix babylonica (Peking Willow) Salix ×sepulcralis nothovar. chrysocoma (Golden hybrid weeping Willow) = Salix alba ssp. vitellina × Salix babylonica Salix ×sepulcralis nothovar. sepulcralis (Weeping Willow) = Salix alba ssp. alba × Salix babylonica Salix ×seringeana (Seringe Willow) = Salix caprea (Goat Willow) × Salix elaeagnos (Elaeagnus Willow) Salix ×simulatrix (Dvärgrisvide) = Salix arbuscula (Mountain Willow) × Salix herbacea (Snowbed Willow) Salix ×smithiana (Broadleaf osier, Silky-leaf Osier, Häckvide) = Salix cinerea (Grey Willow) × Salix viminalis (Basket Willow, Osier) Salix ×stipularis (Eared Osier, Dammvide) = Salix atrocinerea × Salix viminalis Salix ×subalpina = Salix glauca var. appendiculata × Salix caprea Salix ×subsericea = Salix cinerea × Salix repens (Creeping Willow) Salix ×tsugaluensis = Salix integra × Salix vulpina Salix ×undulata = Salix alba × Salix triandra. Synonym; Salix ×mollissima var. undulata Salix ×ungavensis Salix ×wiegandii (Wiegand's Willow) = Salix calcicola (Limestone Willow, Woolly Willow) × Salix candida (Sage Willow, Sageleaf Willow) Salix ×wimmeriana Salix alba 'Caerulea' (Cricket-bat Willow), Synonym; Salix alba var. caerulea Salix alba 'Vitellina' (Golden Willow); Synonym; Salix alba var. vitellina Salix alba 'Vitellina-Tristis' (Golden weeping Willow), Synonym; 'Tristis' Salix alba 'Sericea' (Silver Willow)	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,318	What is Georgia's largest city on the Atlantic coast?	Visit Coastal Georgia - Georgia Coast Travel Association (GCTA) Visit Coastal Georgia Welcome to Georgia’s Coast! Georgia Coast Travel Association(GCTA) Your browser does not support the video tag. Our state’s best-kept secret deserves to be told, and you deserve to discover the treasures of our breezy, sandy shores, our citrine marshes, and our cities and towns that exude art, music and history. Stretching for approximately 100 miles, Georgia’s Coast encompasses America’s most beautiful city, Savannah, to the north, the wild horses of Cumberland Island to the south, and unimaginable attractions in between. Start your explorations on this site, then drive in, fly in or roll in to begin discovering our beaches, historic forts and majestic, moss-draped live oaks for real. GET STARTED - CHOOSE A CATEGORY	Facts & History About Jacksonville, Florida - Visit Jacksonville Fast Facts How well do you know Jax? From history and geography to famous residents and just plain old trivia, how well do you really know Jacksonville? Jacksonville is the largest city in the continental United States with over 840 square miles. Duval Street, like the county was named for William Pope Duval, the first Territorial Governor of Florida. As of 2007, the median age in Northeast Florida is 36 years old - younger than all major cities in Florida. Jacksonville was named for General Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of Florida who, incidentally, never visited Jacksonville Isiah Hart, who founded Jacksonville, named two of the city's first streets after his daughters, Julia and Laura. Hemming Plaza is named for Charles C. Hemming, a Civil War veteran and Jacksonville native. The Mayport Ferry is Florida's only public auto ferry and connects Jacksonville's beaches to the Fernandina Beach and Amelia Island areas. The St. Johns River is one of two rivers in North America that flows north instead of south. The eclectic Five Points area, with unique shops and dining experiences, is named for its landmark five-way intersection. The military employs over 30,000 active-duty personnel and nearly 20,000 civilians in the Jacksonville area. Jacksonville was named one of the top five "Up and Coming" cities in America by Good Morning America in 2006. The Mayo Clinic opened the doors to its Jacksonville campus in 1986. Jacksonville Architecture & Landmarks When the Prudential Building, now known as the Aetna Building, opened in 1955, it was the tallest office building in the South at 22 stories. The Dames Point Bridge opened in 1989 at a cost of $117 million dollars. The Dames Point Bridge is the second longest concrete cable-stayed bridge in the Western Hemisphere. The Confederate statue in Hemming Plaza survived the Great Fire of 1901. When Friendship Fountain opened in 1965, it was billed as the world's largest and tallest fountain. The Jacksonville Navy Memorial, on Downtown's Southbank Riverwalk, commemorates the relationship between the people of Jacksonville and the U.S. Navy. The statue is of a young sailor looking out to sea, dressed in uniform with his duffel bag at his feet. Famed architect, Henry John Klutho was commissioned to design the St. James Building in 1912 serving as a department store. Jacksonville's City Hall now calls this building its home. When the Regency Square Mall opened in 1967, it was billed as the largest air-conditioned shopping center in the South. Planted in 1822, the Treaty Oak, located on the Southbank of Downtown has a circumference of 25 feet and reaches more than 70 feet into the sky. There are 219 steps to the top of the St. Augustine Lighthouse. Historical Jacksonville Facts The fire of 1901, sparked from a chimney and igniting a fiber factory, destroyed the heart of the city - 466 acres and 2,368 buildings were destroyed, 8,677 residents were left homeless and seven people died. The damage was $15 million - $2 billion today. In the early 1900s the Ostrich Farm, located on what is today's Southbank of Downtown , was the city's biggest tourist draw. In 1916, over 30 movie companies called Jacksonville home with stars such as Oliver Hardy and Fatty Arbuckle making movies in town. Citizens became fed up with the noise and the industry moved to California. In 1935, A.L. Lewis opened American Beach, a retreat for African Americans who were refused entry to public beaches. An Ahrens Fox steam pumper used in the Great Fire of 1901 can be found on display at the Jacksonville Fire Museum in Metropolitan Park. In 1840, Jacksonville's population was a whopping 350 residents. Fort Caroline is a near full-scale rendering created to memorialize the 16th century French effort to establish a permanent colony in Florida. Jacksonville Sports Facts The PGA Tour moved its headquarters to Ponte Vedra in 1979. The National Football league awarded its 30th franchise team to Jacksonville in 1993. In 2000, Jacksonville was selected as	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,319	Who was the leader of the Peasant's Revolt in England in 1381?	Peasants Revolt - History Learning Site History Learning Site historylearningsite.co.uk . The History Learning Site , 5 Mar 2015. 20 Oct 2016. Medieval England experienced few revolts but the most serious was the Peasants’ Revolt which took place in June 1381. A violent system of punishments for offenders was usually enough to put off peasants from causing trouble. Most areas in England also had castles in which soldiers were garrisoned, and these were usually enough to guarantee reasonable behaviour among medieval peasants. An army of peasants from Kent and Essex marched on London. They did something no-one had done before or since – they captured the Tower of London. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the King’s Treasurer were killed. The king, Richard II, was only 14 at the time but despite his youth, he agreed to meet the peasants at a place called Mile End. What were the peasants angry about and why had they come to London ? 1. After the Black Death , many manors were left short of workers. To encourage those who had survived to stay on their manor, many lords had given the peasants on their estates their freedom and paid them to work on their land. Now, nearly 35 years after the Black Death, many peasants feared that the lords would take back these privileges and they were prepared to fight for them. 2. Many peasants had to work for free on church land, sometimes up to two days in the week. This meant that they could not work on their own land which made it difficult to grow enough food for their families. Peasants wanted to be free of this burden that made the church rich but them poor. They were supported in what they wanted by a priest called John Ball from Kent. 3. There had been a long war with France. Wars cost money and that money usually came from the peasants through the taxes that they paid. In 1380, Richard II introduced a new tax called the Poll Tax. This made everyone who was on the tax register pay 5p. It was the third time in four years that such a tax had been used. By 1381, the peasants had had enough. 5p to them was a great deal of money. If they could not pay in cash, they could pay in kind, such as seeds, tools etc., anything that could be vital to survival in the coming year. In May 1381, a tax collector arrived at the Essex village of Fobbing to find out why the people there had not paid their poll tax. He was thrown out by the villagers. In June, soldiers arrived to establish law and order. They too were thrown out as the villagers of Fobbing had now organised themselves and many other local villages in Essex had joined them. After doing this, the villagers marched on London to plead with the young king to hear their complaints. One man had emerged as the leader of the peasants – Wat Tyler from Kent. As the peasants from Kent had marched to London, they had destroyed tax records and tax registers. The buildings which housed government records were burned down. They got into the city of London because the people there had opened the gates to them. By mid-June the discipline of the peasants was starting to go. Many got drunk in London and looting took place. It is known that foreigners were murdered by the peasants. Wat Tyler had asked for discipline amongst those who looked up to him as their leader. He did not get it. On June 14th, the king met the rebels at Mile End. At this meeting, Richard II gave the peasants all that they asked for and asked that they go home in peace. Some did. Others returned to the city and murdered the archbishop and Treasurer – their heads were cut off on Tower Hill by the Tower of London. Richard II spent the night in hiding in fear of his life. On June 15th, he met the rebels again at Smithfield outside of the city’s walls. It is said that this was the idea of the Lord Mayor (Sir William Walworthe) who wanted to get the rebels out of the city. Medieval London was wooden and the streets were cramped. Any attempt to put down the rebels in the city could have ended in a fire or the rebels would have found it easy to vanish into the city once they knew that soldiers w	An Englishmans Favourite Bits of England Vol 4 An Englishmans Favourite Bits of England Vol 4 Index Part 1 of Volume 4 Hauntings of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England Famous Hauntings of England Mrs Duncan – The Last Witch to be Tried in England Is This Proof of Reincarnation? Wymering Manor House – The Most Haunted House in England Stonehenge and It's Eerie Past City of Bath, England – History and Ghosts List of Spooky and Ghostly IOW Hauntings James Herbert OBE – English Iconic Horror Author Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley– English Iconic Author Sir Michael Caine - English Iconic Actor Sir Henry Irving – Iconic English Actor Manager James Bond 007 – British Icon Dr. Who - A British TV Icon Sir Rex Harrison - English Iconic Actor Sir John Mills - English Iconic Actor Sir Norman Wisdom – Comic Actor and Singer 7th Century to Swinging Naughties - British Icons Swinging Sixties – British Fashion Designers Swinging Sixties ( London ) – British Iconic Music The New Romantics – 1980's London Music World's First Football Chant – by Edward Elgar Village of Wenlock, England – A Modern Olympic Games – 1850 Sir Isaac Newton – Iconic Scientist Charles Darwin 1809 – 1882 Lady Godiva (1040-1080 AD) – An English Icon English Spa Towns – Iconic Places Edward Somerset – English Inventor of The First Steam Engine 1653 The First Steam Locomotive – England 1804 Howard Carter – The Discoverer of Tutankhamen Sir Henry Wood – The Last Night Of The Proms Toad In The Hole – English History and Recipe Bubble and Squeak – English Recipe and History Index Part 2 of Volume 4 Black Pudding – It's English History and Recipe British Cheeses – Types and Taste English Crumpets – History and Recipe English Custard – History and Recipe Spotted Dick or Spotty Dog – English Pudding Recipe The Earliest Sandwich – It's English History Ye Olde English Marmalade – History and Recipe 1480 AD English Chelsea Buns – History and Recipe English Mustard – An English Icon Lardy Cake – 15th Century History and Recipe History of Cribbage – An English Iconic Game History of English Lawn Bowls – Jactus Lapidum Jigsaw Puzzles – An English Iconic Game The Valentine Card – An English Icon Sir Francis Walsingham – Spymaster for Queen Elizabeth 1 MI6 and "C" – First Head of MI6 from 1911 P.M. Mrs Margaret Thatcher – The Iron lady British Knighthoods – Iconic History William Shakespeare – British Playwright Icon The Globe Theatre – London Icon Portsmouth Football Club ( Pompey ) 1898 Twenty20 Cricket – It's Founder and History Commonwealth Games – The Friendly Games Earliest Horse Races – England 12th Century The Grand National – England 1839 The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race – It's Fun History British Seaside Piers – History from 1391 Robert Thompson – “The Mouseman” Furniture Maker Hauntings and History of Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England Many years ago I worked at Royal Naval Hospital Haslar, England and as its history is very interesting I thought I would write about it's fun history. The Royal Hospital Haslar began as a Royal Navy hospital in 1753. It has a long and distinguished history in the medical care of service personnel in peacetime and in war. The buildings were designed by Theodore Jacobsen and built from 1746 and completed in 1762. St Luke's Chapel was added in 1762 and later still, a landing stage was added so troops could reach the hospital directly from ships. Haslar was the biggest hospital and the largest brick building in England when it was built. The hospital included an asylum for sailors with psychiatric disorders and an early superintending psychiatrist was the phrenologist, William Scott, a member of the influential Edinburgh Phrenological Society. James Lind at Haslar Hospital 1758-1774 played a large part in discovering a cure for scurvy, not least through his pioneering use of a double blind trial of vitamin C supplements. Ghosts of RNH Haslar A lot of poltergeist activity has been reported in the galley. According to a clairvoyant who worked in the hospital there are three ghosts occupying the kitchen area and many more around the hospital	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,320	What trophy is at stake when England play Rugby Union against New Zealand?	Rugby Football History The Rugby Championship The Antim Cup is contested between the rugby union teams of Romania ("The Oaks") and Georgia ("The Lelos"). It is named after the Romanian Orthodox Metropolitan Antim Iverianul, who came from Georgia. The Antim Cup is contested every time Georgia and Romania meet in a senior international match BUT not at Rugby World Cup Finals and Qualifiers. The holder retains the Cup unless the challenger wins the match (no extra time whatsoever). There was a motion from Georgia RU just before ENC 2000 decider in Tbilissi, to establish a Challenge Cup, a la Calcutta and Bledisloe Cups, which would be played for annually by Oaks and Lelos Georgian rugby folks have weighted up options and decided that the Cup should be named after whom else but reverend Antimoz Iverieli = Antim Ivirianu (c 1650 - 1716) He introduced Romanian language into liturgy, built a couple of monasteries in Bucuresti and even became arch-bishop of Muntenia (historical region in Southern Romania) Actually, Antim was Georgian by origin. He was abducted by Ottomans in his childhood and sold as slave but then ransomed by Partiarch of Jerusalem Albeit a great patriot of his adopting country Romania, Antim always kept tight links with Georgia (Iveria) and even founded in Tbilissi, his homeland's Capital, first print-house where the first printed Bible was produced in Georgian Both Romanian and Georgian Churches regard Antim as saint, and these days the Georgia - Romania Friendship Society was also named after him Last year through influential go-betweens Rugby Supporters' League (RML) of Georgia approached on the Antim Cup issue the Patriarch of Georgian Orthodox Church, ILIA the 2nd and got His Holyness's blessing and full support This spring famous Georgian sculptor, himself a great rugby player of yesteryear, Guia Japaridze cast the Cup in guilded bronze and the RML will unveil it on Friday, 5th April, in good time for the inaugural challenge. The Bledisloe Cup was donated in 1931 by the Governor-General of New Zealand, Lord Bledisloe. Competitions for the Cup have varied from one to three matches, sometimes with three-or four-year gaps between series, but since 1982 both countries have agreed to play at least one game for the Cup annually. The Tri-Nations ensures that the nations play each other at least two times a year. The Bledisloe Cup was first played for in 1931, when New Zealand beat Australia 20-13 in Auckland. The Cup was first won by Australia in 1934. Bledisloe Cup Fast Facts (March 1, 2004) This will be the 144th time Australia has played New Zealand since the two teams first met in 1903. In that time, NZ has won 96 Tests, Australia has won 42 and there have been 5 draws. The Bledisloe Cup has been contested 44 times over 100 Tests matches. New Zealand has won the Cup 32 times, while Australia has won it 12 times (in 1934, 1949, 1979, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 & 2002). A Bledisloe Cup Test is responsible for the world record for attendance at a Rugby match. In 2000, 109,874 people witnessed Australia and New Zealand at Stadium Australia, in what is widely regarded as one of the best Test matches ever. This is the first Bledisloe Cup Test George Gregan has missed since 1996. Although Gregan (who has 99 Test caps) is closing in on David Campese's Australian record (101 Test caps), Campese is still the clear leader in terms of the number of Bledisloe Cup Tests played. Campese has played New Zealand 29 times, followed by Tim Horan on 21, John Eales on 20 and Gregan on 19. The Calcutta cupwas presented to the RFU to be awarded for the winner of the annual England vs .Scotland international. The trophy originated in India. The Calcutta football club which had been started by former students of rugby school 4 years earlier had been wound up and the remaining rupees in the club's funds were melted down to be re-worked into the trophy. The Cook cup was established in 1997 when Australia and England contracted to play each other bi-annually f	Nick Abendanon wins Europe's player of year, but will Stuart Lancaster pick him for World Cup? - Telegraph England Nick Abendanon wins Europe's player of year, but will Stuart Lancaster pick him for World Cup? Abendanon beats 2014 winner Steffon Armitage to Europe's best-player honour, adding to pressure on England coach to pick France-based pair Bitter sweet: Nick Abendanon is Europe's best player but may still miss out on the World Cup Photo: ACTION IMAGES Follow England face heading into the Rugby World Cup with neither the 2015 European player of the year nor the 2014 winner in their ranks after Clermont full-back Nick Abendanon was awarded the honour by European Professional Club Rugby (EPCR) on Tuesday. Despite brilliant seasons, former Bath player Abendanon and Toulon's Steffon Armitage, the 2014 best player in Europe, are far from assured of being named in England's 45-man training squad for the World Cup due to the Rugby Football Union's (RFU) policy of only selecting overseas-based players in "exceptional circumstances". His and Armitage's form have given England coach Stuart Lancaster plenty to ponder ahead of the making his squad announcement. Nick Abendanon scored a fine try for Clermont in the European final The overseas rule was brought in to prevent an exodus of English players from the Aviva Premiership to richer foreign leagues, and Lancaster must weigh up the possible harm to team spirit by bringing Abendanon and Armitage into the group – the two players have benefited from lucrative contracts abroad while others have stayed at home to protect their international prospects. England and Leicester hooker Tom Youngs has already spoken out against the prospect of Abendanon and Armitage returning to the international fold. Abendanon, 28, has excelled since joining Clermont from Bath last year and scored a fine try in the French club's 24-18 loss to Top 14 rivals Toulon at Twickenham in the European Champions Cup final on Saturday. Steffon Armitage (right) and his brother Delon enjoy European cup success with Toulon He overcame competition from Armitage, Jamie Heaslip (Leinster), Fritz Lee (Clermont) and Billy Vunipola (Saracens) to claim the award. "It's obviously a huge honour to receive this accolade, especially with the great players who have received it in years past," Abendanon said. "I want to thank everyone involved at Clermont for the help, support and character shown throughout the year. Stuart Lancaster has a difficult decision to make about his World Cup squad "I realise that this is an individual award, but it is, for me, a recognition of the players around me who have shown such resolve and endeavour during a tough European season. "I would therefore like to accept it on behalf of the whole squad as a small consolation for Saturday's disappointment." The award was allocated by an expert panel of journalists and former players.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,321	Which publication used to call itself The London Charivari?	Punch, or the London Charivari: An Introduction Victorian Web Home —> Periodicals —> Punch ] Titlepages of Punch. Left to right: (1) Punch as Dionysius worshipped by nymphs and at least one drum-playing satyr. (2) Triumphant Re-eection of Mr. Punch — Member for Everywhere. (3) Punch as St. George slaying the Dragon. The title of the famous magazine of Victorian humour, Punch, is probably short for Punchinello, adapted from the Neapolitan dialectal "polecenella," a young turkey cock, to the hooked bill of which the hooked nose of Punch's mask in the Commedia del Arte bears some resemblance. One evening at the beginning of June, 1841 Mark Lemon and Henry Mayhew , met at the Edinburgh Castle in the Strand, London, to discuss the possibility of starting a new comic journal. Lemon and Mayhew were both reforming liberals and the plan was to combine humour and political comment. Others invited to the original meeting included Douglas Jerrold, a journalist with the reputation for campaigning against poverty, and John Leech , a medical student whose drawings had impressed Lemon. During the meeting at the Edinburgh Castle, someone remarked that a humourous magazine, like good punch, needed lemon. Mayhew, remarked "A capital idea! Let's call the paper 'Punch'." Mark Lemon and Henry Mayhew found three other men to help finance the magazine, the printer, Joseph Last, the engraver, Ebenezer Landells and Stirling Coyne. Lemon and Mayhew recruited a team of young journalists and artists. Douglas Jerrold was probably the most important journalist on the magazine, but other writers who contributed included Shirley Brooks, William Wills and William Makepeace Thackeray . As well as John Leech, who was with the magazine from the start, Richard Doyle and Archibald Henning produced the drawings. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jpunch.htm) Thus, Punch, or the London Charivari , the famous illustrated magazine of humour, was founded by journalists Henry Mayhew (1812-87), Joseph Stirling Coyne (1803-68), and Mark Lemon (1809-7) in 1841 (first number published on 17 July). At first, a strongly radical journal, it gradually mellowed in outlook over the 1850s. One or two such comic papers had already appeared in London in the 1830s, notably Figaro in London (1831-9), edited first by Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, and then by Henry Mayhew, and Punchinello (1832) illustrated by George Cruikshank . Early imitators of Figaro were Mark Lemon's Punch in London and Thomas Hood's annual Comic Offering . Meantime, in Paris, Philippon's Charivari was all the rage, so it occurred to Ebenezer Landells, a draughtsman and wood-engraver, that a similar illustrated paper might do well in London. He submitted the idea to the popular journalist Henry Mayhew, who in turn enlisted the support of Mark Lemon, the well-known humourist, journalist, and dramatist. In December 1842, owing to financial difficulties (although early numbers of Punch sold 6,000 copies a week, sales of at least 10,000 were needed to cover costs), the firm of Bradbury and Evans, both printers and publishers, acquired the magazine. The firm made the most of its capital investment in presses and types by printing both Punch and the novels of Dickens and Thackeray. Under its first editor, Lemon, Punch provided an outlet for comic writers such as Thackeray and such comic artists as John Leech, Richard Doyle, John Tenniel , Charles Keene (whose first drawing appeared in 1851, and who joined the staff in 1860), and George Du Maurier (who began contributing in 1860, and joined the staff in 1864), all of whom were also noted book illustrators. Other cartoonists who worked for Punch during this period included Harry Furniss, Linley Sambourne, Francis Carruthers Gould, and Phil May. This group usually referred to itself as "The Punch Brotherhood," although to outsiders they were "those Punch people." In the 1840s a number of them were closely associated with Charles Dickens, who abandoned Chapman and Hall for Bradbury and Evans, the publishers of Punch, after they failed to secure him ï¿½1,000 clear o	Great British Art: The Pond by LS Lowry - Anglotopia.net Anglotopia.net British Slang: 48 British Words For Driving That You May Not Know Check Out Our Slang Dictionary! Check out Anglotopia's Dictionary of British Slang - Your Complete Guide to over 1,000 British Slang Words and Phrases. Available from All Major Retailers. Click here for more info Buy Now In Print Buy Now for Your Kindle Buy Now for iPad - Anglotees Introducing Anglotees Anglotees is our sister business that offers up 2 British Themed T-shirt to buy a week and available only for 1 week. This Week's Shirts - 2 Designs This week we're offering 2 designs. Starting at $16.99. Available in Men's, Women's, V-neck, Long Sleeve, Sweatshirt and Hoodie. Issue #4 Now Shipping! We received Issue #4 from the printer last week and have begun the process of shipping out. There’s almost 900 to send, so it will take a about 7-10 days to ship them all out. It will be with you soon! Related Issue #4 is Almost Done! We’re almost done with Issue #4 which is taking a bit longer than we planned to get ready. It’s with our copy editor now and we’ll be sending it to the printer this week. We expect to begin shipping out in 2-3 weeks. Related The London Annual Has Gone to Press! We have approved the final proofs for the London Annual and it’s going to press. We expect them in the office in a couple weeks at which point we’ll mail them out to all that pre-ordered. It has sold very well for us and we ordered extras but as with all our other magazine, quantities […] Now Taking Pre-Orders for the London Annual and Issue #4 We’re now taking pre-orders for a special one off magazine called the London Annual which will be a great guide to London in 2017 (this is not included in the subscription). We’re also now open to pre-orders for the fourth issue of the Anglotopia Magazine. Place your orders here now. Related Third Issue Update: All Subscriptions Have Been Mailed We have finished mailing out all subscriptions and single issue orders of the third issue of the Anglotopia Magazine. Took a bit longer than we thought but they’re all on the way. We have a limited number left in stock of the third issue – so if you haven’t already – pick it up soon! […] Digital Subscribers – Your Issue is Ready to Download! We have sent out the emails to digital subscribers letting them know they can now download the Issue #3 of the Anglotopia Magazine. You will received an email from us, be sure to check your SPAM folder if you haven’t received it today. Email us right away and we’ll send you a different link to […] Issue #3 Has Been Printed and We’ll Begin Shipping Them We have just picked up Issue #3 of the Anglotopia Magazine from the printer. It looks beautiful! We’ll begin shipping them out tomorrow. It’s going to take us about a week to get them all out. We have about 600 subscribers and pre-orders to get through. Last time we used a third party shipping company […] Pre-order Issue #3 Now To make sure that you can get a copy of the next issue of the Anglotopia magazine, we recommend pre-ordering. We’re only getting 900 copies and 600 or so have already been reserved. We will likely sell out again. Click here to preorder. Related By Jonathan Leave a Comment This week in Great British Art we present The Pond by LS Lowry and was painted in 1950. It’s a stunning impression of an industrial landscape in Britain. From the Tate Gallery: “‘The Pond’ is an impressive industrial landscape containing many features typical of Lowry’s work; smoking chimneys, terraced houses and on the right, in the middle distance, the Stockport Viaduct. The scene is brought to life by his so called ‘matchstick’ people who swarm like ants through the city’s streets and open spaces. ‘This is a composite picture built up from a blank canvas. I hadn’t the slightest idea of what I was going to put in the canvas when I started the picture but it eventually came out as you see it. This is the way I like working best’. Lowry considered this to be his finest industrial landscape.” It’s currently on display in the Tate Britain gallery i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,322	Who is the mother of French actress Lou Doillon, the half-sister of Charlotte Gainsbourg?	Style Icon Lou Doillon 03/03/15 Photo via The NeoTraditionalist Our latest style icon is the beautiful French-Brit model, actress, singer/songwriter, and mother Lou Doillon—who also happens to be the youngest daughter of everyone’s favorite muse from the ’60s and 70’s, Jane Birkin . Lou was blessed with her mother’s good looks, but has a killer sense of style that is all her own. From her effortless, just-rolled-out-of-bed hair to her stunning mix of sexy, rock ‘n’ roll meets classic tomboy-chic, it’s no wonder she’s at the top of our list! Don’t believe us? Keep clicking below and see for yourself. Click any image to enter the slideshow Lou Doillon is a French-British model, actress, and musician from Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France. Born on September 4, 1982, Lou is the daughter of one of the greatest French indie movie directors, Jacques Doillon, and famed actress and muse Jane Birkin, who inspired Hermes'. Lou is the half-sister of Charlotte Gainsbourg and Kate Barry, from her mother's side, as well as Lola Doillon and Lily Doillon, from her father's side. "I've always had a strange acting life. I'm the daughter of a very French, typical director who fell in love with every single one of his actresses. And that's also something that's kind of normal in the acting business, because everything is based on desire, one way or the other," said the talented actress. In 1988, Lou began her acting career by starring in Le petit amour alongside her mother and half-sister Charlotte Gainsbourg. In July 2002, when Lou was 19-years-old, she gave birth to her son Marlowe Jack Tiger Mitchell, whose father is musician Thomas-John Mitchell. Less than a year later she parted ways with Mitchell and moved to New York. "I like costumes. I am always dressing up. I'm very English like that," said Lou. In 1998, Lou landed her first great role with the help of her father in the comedy, Trop peu d’amour. She then went on to star in the drama-romance film Mauvaises Fréquentations in 1999. "I was kind of ashamed of my bourgeois family as a teenager, I guess. I had dreadlocks, shopped in thrift stores, and pretended I had no money. At that time, I would have spat on a girl who was buying Yves Saint Laurent," said Lou. "Home has always been wherever I am. I'm not very attached to walls or people for that matter. So, I've always loved traveling around. A book in my back pocket, a diary, and a pen is all I need to call any place home," said Lou. Lou went on to star in several films such as her father's Carrément à l’ouest in 2001, Saint Ange in 2004, Go Go Tales in 2007, Gigola in 2010, and another movie by her father, Un enfant de toi in 2012. Lou went through quite a rebellious stage when she was younger and acquired tattoos and a tongue piercing by the tender age of eleven. Lou became a Parisian style icon thanks to her distinctive features and high-fashion roots, which has attracted attention from several fashion industry leaders. "My mother was an icon, but she never lived it in the sense that she was never obsessed with fashion. When I was a young girl my sister wasn't doing fashion, so I started fashion thinking, 'I'm going to do something that they haven't done yet.' That was my silly scheme at the time," said Lou. Lou has taken on many high-profile campaigns including Tom Ford, Vanessa Bruno, H&M, Free People, Mason Michel, Club Monaco, and 7 For All Mankind. "I was such a tomboy. I had absolutely no bosom and I wore my hair really short and shaved, like a boy," said Lou on her style as a child. "I was so bad," said Lou. "Missoni sent me down the catwalk behind Gisele Bundchen. I was like, 'You’re joking!' This girl sends out her legs 1½ meters in front of her and I went on stage and just had a laughing fit. Someone had to come out to get me and bring me backstage. The whole thing was basically one big misunderstanding, but one misunderstanding led to another and another, and suddenly I was doing campaigns," Lou laughed, describing one of her first experiences in the world of fashion. In 2010, she went on to pursue music, followi	PBS : Empires : Queen Victoria : Her Majesty : Queen Victoria Portrait of Queen Victoria. The Royal Collection Windsor. Princess Alexandrina Victoria was not only born to be Queen of England: she was conceived to be Queen. Once Princess Charlotte, the only legitimate child of the Prince of Wales, the future George IV, died in childbirth late in 1817, her son stillborn, the nation was plunged into mourning and her unmarried uncles stirred into competition to sire an heir to the throne. With the Prince of Wales, Prince Regent for his insane father, George III, separated from the future (but uncrowned) Queen Caroline, no lawful successor would come that way. To solve the succession dilemma, the royal brothers, princes of the blood, most of them with mistresses and illegitimate progeny, were ordered to marry and beget, with their reward for success a promised cancellation of their heavy debts. Although William IV, the Duke of Clarence (1830-37), duly married a minor German princess, no child of his survived early infancy. Next in line, Edward, Duke of Kent, would jettison his mistress of many years and marry the widowed Victoire, Duchess of Amorbach, who had proved her fertility during her first marriage. When she became pregnant, it became necessary, once she could travel, to leave her small German dukedom and give birth on English soil to establish unquestionable credentials for the child's likely inheritance. But beset by debt unresolved by the Regent, the Duke encountered delays in raising the money to get his entourage across the Channel. On 28 March 1819, in her eighth month, the Duchess set off, arriving at Dover on 24 April, barely in time for the accouchement. At Kensington Palace, in apartments reluctantly granted by the Regent, who disliked his improvident brother, the future queen was born on 24 May. The new princess was christened a month later, with none of the usual royal names available to her parents because of the Regent's refusal to permit another Charlotte or Elizabeth or Georgina. Since the Russian tsar, Alexander I, was godfather in absentia, his name was available, and even as late as the morning of her accession, at eighteen, on June 20, 1837, the public was unsure of the official name of the new queen. She had always been known as Victoria, however, and was so proclaimed. Fatherless as an infant-her father had died on January 23, 1820, only six days before his own father, George III-she was dominated by her ambitious mother, who hoped for a Regency for herself if William IV died before Victoria's eighteenth birthday. Stubbornly, the ailing king held on just long enough for his niece to reign in her own right. But she proved wilful and difficult, creating embarrassments at Court that led her advisers, notably the avuncular Viscount Melbourne, the Prime Minister, to press her to marry. A husband might control her, and in any case the nation needed a guaranteed succession. Victoria's mother and her Coburg brothers arranged to keep the prospective marriage within the family. Yet they were assisted by the dearth of acceptable Protestant candidates among European royals, some of whom the young Queen interviewed to her disappointment. Late in 1839, however, when she met Prince Albert, the younger son of her uncle Ernest, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, for only the second time (three years earlier he had been a callow teen-ager), she was smitten. A student at the University of Bonn, he was clearly her intellectual superior-and, she thought, beautiful. She proposed (he could not, as she was Queen), and they were married in February 1840. At first, Albert only wielded the blotting paper as she signed documents. He was uneasy about his lack of occupation and status; but he had been employed to ensure the succession. Biology thereafter ensured his role. When Victoria became so visibly pregnant that she could not appear ceremonially, Albert assumed her functions. Once she became heavy and listless, he also became, in effect, the senior partner (although five months her jun	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,323	Who presents the TV programme 'Caribbean Food Made Easy'?	Caribbean Food Made Easy: Levi Roots: 9781845335250: Amazon.com: Books Caribbean Food Made Easy Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Hardcover $29.99 Prime Editorial Reviews About the Author Levi Roots is a cook, entrepreneur and musician. He gained widespread fame in the UK after appearing on the TV program Dragon's Den seeking funding for his Reggae Reggae Sauce, which is now stocked in all major supermarkets in the UK and has sold over 2 million bottles. Levi has since launched Levi Roots' Love Apple Tomato Sauce and Levi Roots' Fiery Guava Dipping Sauce, and six cooking sauces are currently in the pipeline. Reggae Reggae burgers can be found in bar and pub chains across the UK and Subway sells a Reggae Reggae Chicken Sub in its UK outlets. Levi's first cookbook, the Reggae Reggae Cookbook, published by Collins this year, has been a great success. Levi creates delicious West Indian recipes in the kitchen of his new South London restaurant, Papine Jerk Center. As a successful reggae musician, he has performed with James Brown, was close friends with Bob Marley, has sung to Nelson Mandela and was nominated for a MOBO award in 1998. His Roots Reggae album will be released soon.	Countdown - UKGameshows Countdown Nick Hewer (2012-) Co-hosts Hostesses: Denise McFarland-Cruikshanks (Calendar Countdown), Robena Sharp (Calendar Countdown), Kathy Hytner (Calendar Countdown and Countdown series 1-14), Beverley Isherwood (series 1-2), Karen Loughlin (series 14-16), Lucy Summers (series 17), Carol Vorderman (series 18-59), Rachel Riley (series 60-) "Vital statisticians": Angela Garbut (Calendar Countdown), Dr Linda Barrett (series 1-3), Carol Vorderman (series 1-59), Rachel Riley (Series 60- ) Lexicologists: Susie Dent (current, since series 24). Others with over 100 appearances include Catherine Clarke, Damian Eadie, Mark Nyman , Richard Samson, Julia Swannel, Della Thompson, Freda Thornton Broadcast as Calendar Countdown Yorkshire Television (regional), 19 April to 7 June 1982 (8 episodes in 1 series) Yorkshire Television (Granada from 1 November 2004 to 8 May 2009 and ITV Studios from 11 May 2009 to present) for Channel 4, 2 November 1982 to present as Countdown Masters (insert in The Channel 4 Daily) 3 April 1989 to 29 March 1991 (97 games aired + 1 partially aired + 6 unaired) as Celebrity Countdown (primetime) 23 April to 18 June 1998 (8 episodes in 1 series) Synopsis "I'll have a consonant, a vowel, another vowel, a consonant, another consonant. Another consonant, a vowel, a consonant and a final consonant please." That might sound boring to you, but this show - together with Fifteen-to-One until its demise, and nowadays Deal or No Deal - props up Channel 4's afternoon schedule and still draws in shed loads of pensioners, students and other people with nothing better to do at 3.30pm than watch it. Countdown was based on a French show ("Des Chiffres et Des Lettres" - or "Numbers and Letters") and the format has proved popular throughout much of the world. It could be argued that the Brit version is the more lively interpretation of the format. The first British incarnation of the show was a Yorkshire TV regional filler for eight weeks in the spring of 1982. Richard Whiteley hosted, and it's probably fair to say that the show did not immediately distinguish itself. Luckily, at around the same time Channel 4 were looking for a game show for their launch line-up, and happened upon the French format Des chiffres et des lettres. Since Yorkshire was already making a British version, they pretty much just transferred the show to Channel 4. Whiteley stayed on, a number of young ladies were brought in to do all the odd jobs around the studio - mainly sticking magnetic tiles in a frame - and the rest is history. How it all started - the pilot for Calendar Countdown How the pilot looked (though obviously it didn't have that modern bug in the corner). This snazzy minimalist clock was replaced with something more like the familiar clock face for the series proper. The idea is as simple as can be: Two players duel in a battle of vocabulary knowledge and numerical agility. Eleven (originally six) rounds are letters games, where the players try and make the longest word they can from nine pseudo-randomly selected letters. Each player takes turns at selecting the make-up of vowels and consonants in that nine. After thirty seconds of thinking time, to which we're treated to the famous Countdown think music, the players declare the words that they have. One point per letter is awarded to the contestant that has the longest word. In the case of ties, both players get the points. A letters game in progress - what's the longest word you can find? (answer below) After each game, we go across to another corner of the studio where a guest celebrity (whom Richard Whiteley used to refer to as the Guardian of the Dictionaries) plus an oh-so-handily placed lexicographer from the Oxford English Dictionary tell us about any longer words that they have found. (Such are the demands of rapid recording, the production team sometimes prime the celeb with words found manually via an earpiece - but contrary to what some people believe, they don't use electronic wordfinders or any of that malarkey.) Three (originally two) numbers games	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,324	Boris Godunov ruled, first as de facto regent and then as ruler, in which country?	Boris Godunov (1551 - 1605) - Find A Grave Memorial Death: Apr. 23, 1605 Russian Czar. He was the de facto regent of Russia from about 1585 to 1598 and czar of Russia from 1598 until his death in 1605. He was probably the most noted member of an ancient, now extinct Russian family of Tartar origin. His career began in the court of Russian Czar Ivan the Terrible and is mentioned in 1570 for taking an active part in the Serpeisk campaign as an archer of the guard. The following year he became a member of Ivan's personal guard and secret police, or oprichnik. He increased his position a court by marrying the daughter of oprichnik's chief, Makyuta Skuratov-Belskiy. In 1580 Ivan chose his sister Irina Godunova, to become the wife of his second son and eventual heir, Feodor Ivanovich and on that occasion he was promoted to the rank of boyar, or noble. In November 1581 he was present at the scene of Ivan's murder of his oldest son, Crown Prince Ivan Czarevich. He tried to intervene but was struck by Ivan's scepter, who quickly repented and Czarevich died four days later before Godunov was able to summon help. On Ivan's deathbed, he appointed a council, which included Godunov, to guide his son Feodor, who was feeble in both mind and body and lacked the capacity to effectively rule the country on his own. When Feodor was crowned as Czar Feodor I, Godunov was given honor and wealth as a member of the regency council, in which he held the second place during the life of Feodor's uncle, Nikita Romanovich. Upon Nikita's death in 1586 he was left without any serious opposition for the regency. A group of nobles, along with Dionysius II, the ecclesiastical leader of Moscow, conspired to break his powers by divorcing Feodor from his childless wife, which did not succeed and the conspirators were banished or sent to monasteries, leaving him supreme uncontested ruler in Russia to deal with other foreign heads of state as their equal. His overall policy was generally conciliatory and prudent and in 1595 he recovered from Sweden some land lost during the previous reign. He also encouraged English merchants to trade with Russia by exempting them from paying duties on their goods. He built towns and fortresses along the northeastern and southeastern borders of Russia in order to control the Tartar and Finnic tribes and colonized the Siberia region with new settlements, including Tobolsk. His most important domestic reform was the 1597 decree forbidding the peasants to go from one landowner to another. While the object of the decree was to secure revenue, it would eventually lead to the institution of serfdom in its most oppressive form. Also during this time, the Russian Orthodox Church received its own patriarchate which placed it on equal footing with the Eastern Orthodox churches, freeing it from the influence of the Patriarch of Constantinople. When Feodor died on January 7, 1598 without any heirs, Godunov seized the throne and he was unanimously elected by the national assembly on February 21, 1598 and was then crowned as Czar on September 1, 1598. His reign was prosperous and he ruled well and sought to bring about educational and social reforms. Recognizing the need for Russia to catch up with the intellectual progress of the West, he was the first czar to import foreign teachers on a large scale and to send young Russians abroad to be educated. He was also the first czar to allow the establishment of Lutheran churches in Russia. He died after a lengthy illness and a stroke in Moscow at the age of 54. His only surviving son, Feodor II succeeded him as czar but he and his wife were murdered in Moscow two months later by enemies of the Godunovs. (bio by: William Bjornstad)	\| Harvard Magazine Show your Support for Harvard Magazine Your donation today ensures that Harvard Magazine can continue to provide high-quality content and remain an editorially independent source of news about the Harvard community. Your independent source for Harvard news since 1898 Right Now \| Togless Trotting A detail (inset) of this 1586 painting may show Leofric checking his wife’s progress. Later viewers may have taken him for Peeping Tom. Lady Godiva, oil on canvas, by Adam van NoortHerbert Art Gallery and Museum, Coventry, UK/Bridgeman Art Library Staggering beneath the yoke of oppressive taxes, the medieval residents of Coventry, England, pleaded in vain for relief. Ironically, deliverance would come from the wife of the very lord who scorned their pleas. Lady Godiva repeatedly urged her husband, Leofric, to lessen the people's tax burden, and time and again he refused. Yet she persisted, and one day in exasperation he told her he would lower taxes when she rode a horse, naked, through the streets of the town at midday. When she took him at his word and set out on her famous ride, the highborn Lady Godiva became an instant heroine to the common people of Coventry. A fascinating piece of history. But as it happens, most medieval scholars agree the ride never took place. Professor of English and American literature and language Daniel Donoghue examines the origins and cultural significance of the myth in Lady Godiva: A Literary History of the Legend (Blackwell), and offers insights into how that myth has evolved over the centuries. "The story," he notes, "was based on the life of Godifu, a real woman who lived in Coventry in the latter part of the eleventh century and was married to one of the most powerful men in England." Contemporary historians did not consider Godifu particularly noteworthy; what little was written about her at the time mentioned her merely as the wife of a famous man. But Donoghue points out that "two centuries after her death, chroniclers in the Benedictine abbey of St. Albans inserted a fully developed narrative into their Latin histories" and the legend of Lady Godiva was born. "Nobody knows quite why the legend was invented and attached to her name," he says, "but it does seem to function as a kind of myth of origin for the town of Coventry. At the end, Count Leofric seals the agreement about taxes with his own seal." One of the myth's most interesting subplots involves the role of "Peeping Tom," who doesn't even appear in the story until the seventeenth century. According to legend, the people of Coventry, as a gesture of respect and appreciation for Lady Godiva's actions on their behalf, stayed indoors behind shuttered windows to preserve her modesty as she passed. Everyone, that is, except Tom, whose lustful curiosity compelled him to gaze at her and who was then, according to various versions of the legend, struck either blind or dead in punishment. "Over time, Tom would become the scapegoat and bear the symbolic guilt for people's desire to look at this naked woman," says Donoghue. Tom would also become a compelling figure for artists and authors. In A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain (1724-27), Daniel Defoe visited Coventry and spoke of "the poor fellow that peep'd out of the window to see her...looking out of a Garret in the High Street of the City." Tennyson's "Godiva" was a poem that, more than any other literary or historical work of its time, created a standard—and highly romanticized—version of the legend for the Victorian era. In the poem, Tom was blinded: "...but his eyes, before they had their will,/Were shrivell'd into darkness in his head,/And dropt before him. So the Powers, who wait/On noble deeds, cancell'd a sense misused;/And she, that knew not, pass'd...." Given the sexual tension that the appearance of Tom creates between the observer and the observed, the prurient and the chaste, the punished and the rewarded, Donoghue writes, "Their pairing anticipates Sigmund Freud's clinical definitions of scopophilia and exhibitionism in terms of one another so	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,325	Who was the Bishop of Lesotho from 1976 to 1978?	Archbishop Desmond Tutu - Academy of Achievement Archbishop Desmond Tutu Listen to this achiever on What It Takes What It Takes is an audio podcast on iTunes produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: music, science and exploration, sports, film, technology, literature, the military and social justice. Download our free multi-touch iBook Social Justice: Leadership Lessons — for your Mac or iOS device on Apple's iTunes U The Social Justice iBook opens up the compelling, idealistic and selfless world of social justice, giving readers a better understanding of how empowering others, promoting equality and exposing injustice can change the very fabric of our society. I never doubted that we were going to be free because, ultimately, I knew there was no way in which a lie could prevail over the truth, darkness over light, death over life. Forging Equality in South Africa Date of Birth October 7, 1931 Desmond Tutu was born in Klerksdorp, in the South African state of Transvaal. The family moved to Johannesburg when he was 12, and he attended Johannesburg Bantu High School. Although he had planned to become a physician, his parents could not afford to send him to medical school. Tutu’s father was a teacher, he himself trained as a teacher at Pretoria Bantu Normal College, and graduated from the University of South Africa in 1954. June 2001: Archbishop Desmond Tutu speaks after receiving the Jamnalal Baja International Award in Cape Town, South Africa. The award, named after a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, recognizes Gandhi’s pacifist values. The government of South Africa did not extend the rights of citizenship to black South Africans. The National Party had risen to power on the promise of instituting a system of apartheid — complete separation of the races. All South Africans were legally assigned to an official racial group; each races was restricetd to separate living areas and separate public facilities. Only white South Africans were permitted to vote in national elections. Black South Africans were only represented in the local governments of remote “tribal homelands.” Interracial marriage was forbidden, blacks were legally barred from certain jobs and prohibited from forming labor unions. Passports were required for travel within the country; critics of the system could be banned from speaking in public and subjected to house arrest. 1986: At the height of the anti-apartheid struggle, Archbishop Tutu addresses a meeting in Alexander Township. When the government ordained a deliberately inferior system of education for black students, Desmond Tutu refused to cooperate. He could no longer work as a teacher, but he was determined to do something to improve the life of his disenfranchised people. On the advice of his bishop, he began to study for the Anglican priesthood. Tutu was ordained as a priest in the Anglican church in 1960. At the same time, the South African government began a program of forced relocation of black Africans and Asians from newly designated “white” areas. Millions were deported to the “homelands,” and only permitted to return as “guest workers.” Desmond Tutu lived in England from 1962 to 1966, where he earned a master’s degree in theology. He taught theology in South Africa for the next five years, and returned to England to serve as an assistant director of the World Council of Churches in London. In 1975 he became the first black African to serve as Dean of St. Mary’s Cathedral in Johannesburg. From 1976 to 1978 he was Bishop of Lesotho. In 1978 he became the first black General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches. 1986: Archbishop Desmond Tutu: “I am made for goodness. I am made for laughter.” (© David Turnley/CORBIS) This position gave Bishop Tutu a national platform to denounce the apartheid system as “evil and unchristian.” Tutu called for equal rights for all South Africans and a system of common education. He demanded the repeal of the oppressive passport laws, an	John Sentamu : definition of John Sentamu and synonyms of John Sentamu (English) John Tucker Mugabi Sentamu ( English pronunciation: /ˈsɛntɑːmuː/ ; born 10 June 1949) is the 97th Archbishop of York , Metropolitan of the province of York, Primate of England and a columnist for a tabloid newspaper.[ which? ] He is the second most senior cleric in the Church of England , after the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams . Born near Kampala in present-day Uganda , Sentamu studied law at Makerere University before gaining employment as an advocate of the Supreme Court of Uganda . Speaking out against the regime of President Idi Amin , he was briefly imprisoned before fleeing to the United Kingdom in 1974. Here, he devoted himself to Anglicanism , beginning his study of theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge in 1976 and eventually gaining a doctorate in 1984. He studied for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge , and was ordained in 1979. In 1996 he was consecrated as the Bishop of Stepney and in 2002 moved to the position of Bishop of Birmingham . In 2005 he was appointed to the position of Archbishop of York. Sentamu is a traditionalist within the Church of England, generally supporting socially conservative moral positions, publicly criticising multiculturalism and LGBT rights .[ citation needed ] He has also received publicity for his vocal criticism of Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe .[ citation needed ] Contents 6 External links Life and career Sentamu was born in 1949 in a village near Kampala , Uganda, the sixth of 13 children. He studied law (LL.B.) at Makerere University , Kampala , and practised as an advocate of the High Court of Uganda until 1974. In 1973 he married Margaret. [2] Three weeks after his marriage he incurred the wrath of the dictator Idi Amin and was detained for 90 days. In a speech in 2007, he described how during that time he had been "kicked around like a football and beaten terribly", saying "the temptation to give up hope of release was always present". [3] He fled his home country to arrive as an immigrant in the United Kingdom in 1974. Sentamu studied theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge (BA 1976, MA 1979, PhD 1984). He was baptized at Eden Baptist Church, Cambridge. He trained for the priesthood at Ridley Hall, Cambridge , being ordained a priest in 1979. His doctoral thesis is entitled "Some aspects of soteriology , with particular reference to the thought of J.K. Mozley , from an African perspective". [4] He worked as assistant chaplain at Selwyn College, as chaplain at a remand centre and as curate and vicar in a series of parish appointments before his consecration , in 1996, as Bishop of Stepney (a suffragan see in the Diocese of London ). It was during this time that he served as advisor to the Stephen Lawrence Judicial Enquiry. In 2002 he chaired the Damilola Taylor review. That same year he was appointed Bishop of Birmingham where his ministry, according to the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams , was praised by "Christians of all backgrounds".[ citation needed ] Sentamu became President of Youth for Christ in 2004 and President of the YMCA in April 2005. [5] On 17 June 2005 the prime minister's office announced Sentamu's translation to York as the 97th archbishop. [6] He was formally elected by the chapter of York Minster on 21 July, [7] legally confirmed as archbishop in London on 5 October, and enthroned at York Minster on 30 November 2005 (the feast of Saint Andrew ), at a ceremony with African singing and dancing and contemporary music, with Sentamu himself playing African drums during the service. [8] [9] As Archbishop of York, Sentamu sits in the House of Lords [10] and was admitted, as a matter of course, to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom . [11] On 7 March 2007, Sentamu was installed as the first Chancellor of York St John University . On 1 June 2007 he was appointed as the first Chancellor of the University of Cumbria . He took up the position when the university opened on 1 August 2007. [12] On 16 July 2007, Sentamu was presented with an honorary degre	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,326	What would a person normally do with perique	McClelland - Blending Perique - Tobacco Reviews Overwhelming Tolerable to Strong If this is indeed pure 100% St James Perique, then it is the best there is to be had, anywhere. I am a bit confused by the ratings on this. If it is, indeed, St James Perique. There are perhaps other "perique" imitations out there, and of course there is the Acadian, which is a blend. Note: There are only two types of actual perique: Acadian, and St James. Acadian is not made using 100% St James Perique tobacco, but a blend using other tobaccos along with St James perique, St James is made from 100% perique tobacco from St James La. McClellands seems to be the only entity that currently sells 100% St James perique to the general public (unless the wording is designed to connote pure St James and they are really selling Acadia which was, as it says, simply sent from St James). Most tobacco blenders buy and use the Acadian because it is consistent and so they can produce more accurate blends year after year (e.g. C & D). I've also heard opinions that some years the Acadian is simply wonderful. All of this is subjective I suppose. One is going to spend more for St James Perique than they would Acadian. At any rate, if you like real 100% Perique, which is St James (there are no others), then this should be 4 stars. If, on the other hand, you prefer Acadian (I'd wager most people can't even tell the difference when it is in a blend unless they are actual blenders), then ok ... but there is no way to compare this with "another" perique ... unless of course you are talking about a different year. It only comes from one source. That said, I need to contact McClelland to see if this is indeed Acadian, or pure St James. If the latter, do they blend the St James Multi year (or plan to) .. or if this is from a large lot that they purchased from a single year, or if it is different every year (if so, they should advertise the years as they do with CC). I have smoked both Acadian and St James straight. I did not like either experience, as both left a strong shitake like mushroom flavor on my palate for about an hour. I did notice a difference between the two (basically the St James offered a slightly more grotesque experience having been smoked alone without any other tobacco. However, I love both if blended properly with a VA, or a VA Lat, and frankly, both were delicious with all types of VA's I had tried. I don't like it with Burley, but some may. I want to add that the Acadia was in bulk form when I bought it, and the St James was of the Jewel Jars that one can find from time to time if they know the right folk. The marked difference I noted might also be in part to the age of what was in the jar, or something else. These were two different tobaccos. When I smoked this tobacco (that I am reviewing now) I did not have opportunity to compare it to the Jewel St. James nor did I take the time to compare it to the bulk I had purchased several years ago. As for what I remember, it would be impossible to tell. I only tried it "raw" once again, because I wanted to see if my tastes had changed and also for the purposes of reviewing VA/Per blends and determining Perique levels. This particular tobacco gets 4 stars, since it is either a St James, or an Acadian, there really is no other current standard. Pipe Used: cob Overwhelming Overwhelming For those of you who have never tried to smoke Perique straight, I can tell you that it's like smoking a maduro cigar dipped in pure Habanero pepper extract with a few hits of LSD dropped in. After being able to hear colors for an hour while my tounge was sizzling and popping like overcooked bacon I stuck to using this solely as a blending ingredient. Moisture content remains intact in the tin, the leaves are shredded and a bit sticky. There is a very strong smell of fruity wine upon opening the tin. When using this perique in your blend always use it sparingly as it is extremely strong. A large percentage in a blend will provide a strong, peppery, bitter cigar-like flavor that will bite you	Media Wood Ceramics The materials and techniques selected define the forms of visual expression the artist or designer can develop in their work. The various media offer both distinctive limitations and opportunities for the artist/designer. For this reason we need to look at the media traditionally used in order to understand the context in which visual language evolves. We will do this before we begin to examine the actual styles that have developed historically. Painting and Related Techniques Painting involves applying color to a surface. The colors were traditionally earth pigments which were ground into a fine powder and then mixed with a medium, usually a liquid, so they can be applied to a surface. Today there are also some artificial compounds used as pigments. The choice of the medium and the method by which the color is applied have important effects on the characteristics of the finished work, since each medium has its own limitations and potentials. We will discuss many different painting related media: Encaustic Acrylic paints Collage The oldest examples of painting date to more than 20,000 B.C, and can be found in the caves in southern France . The best known of these caves is at Lascaux, although there are many others. These portraits of animals and hunters were probably done with a mixture of minerals such as ochre, with animal fat used as the medium. Rock paintings in this technique can be seen in many parts of the world. Encaustic In the technique known as encaustic , the medium for the powdered color is hot wax which is painted onto a wood surface with a brush. It is then smoothed with a metal instrument resembling a spoon, and then blended and set over a flame to soften and set the colors into the wood. This method produces durable colors and permits sculptural modeling of the paint surface. Because of the wax medium, the colors are semi-translucent and look fresh and lively. This technique is rare today, but it was practiced in late Roman times; for example, we have burial portraits from Faiyum, Egypt, 2nd century, A.D. Fresco Secco In the dry plaster or "fresco secco" technique, pigments are usually mixed with water, although other substances might also be used. The paint is then applied to a dry plaster wall which has been wetted down with water. Since the plaster is relatively dry, it is non-absorbent, and the pigment adheres to the surface of the plaster. This technique differs from true fresco (described below) in several ways. The colors tend to flake off the surface of the plaster. The colors have a harder and more brilliant appearance and tend to be lighter in value than those in true fresco. Advantages of the technique are that the painting can be done more slowly and carefully, and changes can be made simply by over-painting, since colors are opaque. Examples: Egyptian murals , 2500-1000 B.C. Fresco Fresco, also known as Buon Fresco or True Fresco, entails painting on freshly spread, moist plaster. First, layers of plaster are applied to the surface. While the final layer is still wet, the artist applies the colors, which are earth pigments mixed with water. The colors penetrate the wet plaster and combine chemically with it, producing a painted surface which does not peel when exposed to moisture. As the paint must be painted on wet plaster, the amount of plaster which may be put down at one time is limited to what can be painted at one sitting. Often lines can be seen in frescos around an area which was one day's work. The painting must be done rapidly and without mistakes. It produces a mat surface with fairly desaturated colors. This technique was perfected in Renaissance Italy. Examples include Roman wall paintings at Pompeii, 1st century A.D ; Giotto's Arena Chapel at Padua , 14th C.; Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling , 16th C. Egg Tempera In this method, the pigment is mixed with egg yolk or both the yolk and white of an egg. It is thinned with water and applied to a gesso ground (plaster mixed with a binding) on a panel. It was	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,327	RMS Atlantic which ran aground off Nova Scotia in April 1873 with the loss of over 500 lives was the second ship built for which shipping line?	1000+ images about Titanic and The White Star Line on Pinterest \| RMS Titanic, The white and Ships Forward China from Titanic's Captain's Table This china saucer, made by Spode, may be one of the rarest pieces of modern day china. It uses an extraordinary amount of cobalt blue and gold decoration. Only 190 pieces of this pattern were ordered by the White Star Line exclusively for Titanic. Only six pieces are known to exist. It is believed that this china was made for the Captain's table. See More	Shipwrecks Around The Isles of Scilly Shipwrecks Around The Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly comprise a beautiful and enchanting archipelago, but alongside their attractions lurk menace and danger. This is attested to by the many hundreds of vessels that have foundered on the reefs and rocks over many centuries,. There are 530 registered wrecks at the Isles of Scilly , possibly the most for any group of isles in the world. The stories of Scillonian shipwrecks are peppered with bizarre and tragic coincidences and loaded with superlatives: the greatest, the first, the most deadly, the largest. The longest wooden ship ever built, 'Wyoming', met her end here. Wrecked on 24th March 1924 , this sail collier, a schooner, sank in a north-eastern gale with the loss of all 13 hands including the captain. 15 years previously the world's largest ever, pure sailing ship, the 395 feet in length Thomas W. Lawson had been driven on to the Hellweather's Reef off the uninhabited island of Annet in a severe winter gale. The 'Thomas W. Lawson' had set sail from Philadelphia for London on November 27th 1907 , with 2.5 million gallons of paraffin oil. Just a 2 weeks later, with the ship broken in two, 15 of the 17 crewmen had perished along with the Scillonian pilot, William Hicks. Despite wearing their lifebelts, the seamen had been swamped by the thick oil layer, the smashing seas, and the schooner's rigging. The only survivors were the Captain, George W Dow and engineer, Edward Rowe from Boston. In 1969 , the wreck was relocated when it was found that the two sections were almost a quarter mile apart. With regard to loss of life, several of the worst maritime disasters in British history occurred on Scilly; one, known as the Victorian Titanic, was the wrecking of S.S. 'Schiller' in fog in May 1875 . This German ocean liner was one of the largest vessels of her time at 3,421 tonnes. She plied her trade across the Atlantic Ocean, carrying passengers between New York and Hamburg for the German Transatlantic Steam Navigation Line. She became notorious on 7th May 1875 , when she hit the Retarrier Ledges, causing her to sink with the loss of most of her crew and passengers, in all, 335 fatalities. Many of her lifeboats were unserviceable, and most of those that weren't were crushed when the ship's funnel broke off. As a mark of gratitude to the great assistance that the islanders gave to the mostly German people on-board, orders were given in both World Wars to spare the The Isles of Scilly from being attacked. There was similarly huge loss of life on 13th June 1743 . The entire ship's company of 276 - crew, soldiers and passengers - all perished when 'Hollandia', a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), was wrecked on Annet on her maiden voyage. The wreck was discovered in 1971 by a London attorney, Rex Cowan. The worst catastrophic event, which impelled the Board of the Admiralty to institute a competition for a more precise method to determine longitude, has its 300th anniversary this year. It was in October 1707 that HMS 'Association', the flagship of Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell, sank on Gilstone Reef, with the loss of her entire crew of about 800 men, along with three other ships of the 21 strong fleet: HMS 'Firebrand', 'Eagle' and 'Romney'. In all, approximately 2,000 men died that night. There was another Eagle lost on 18th January, 1848 , a Glasgow schooner which struck first on the Crim in fog, then several other rocks and finally the Bishop before sinking. There have also been two ships called 'Minnehaha' wrecked on Scilly. The first was a cargo barque of 845 tonnes, bringing guano from the Peruvian port of Callao to Dublin, which was wrecked off Peninnis Head, St. Mary's on 18th January, 1874 , having been at sea for 14 months. The second 'Minnehaha', which went aground on the eastern side of Scilly Rock in April 1910 , was an altogether grander affair, being a 13,443-ton first class ocean liner built by Harland and Wolff, launched in 1900 . This liner was re-floated in May, after its cargo of cars, pianos and steers had be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,328	How was Burkino Faso previously known?	Burkina Faso: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities President Compaoré Is Deposed Geography Slightly larger than Colorado, Burkina Faso, formerly known as Upper Volta, is a landlocked country in West Africa. Its neighbors are Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, and Ghana. The country consists of extensive plains, low hills, high savannas, and a desert area in the north. Government Parliamentary. History Burkina Faso was originally inhabited by the Bobo, Lobi, and Gurunsi peoples, with the Mossi and Gurma peoples immigrating to the region in the 14th century. The lands of the Mossi empire became a French protectorate in 1897, and by 1903 France had subjugated the other ethnic groups. Called Upper Volta by the French, it became a separate colony in 1919, was partitioned among Niger, the Sudan, and Côte d'Ivoire in 1932, and was reconstituted in 1947. An autonomous republic within the French Community, Upper Volta became independent on Aug. 5, 1960. President Maurice Yameogo was deposed on Jan. 3, 1966, by a military coup led by Col. Sangoulé Lamizana, who dissolved the national assembly and suspended the constitution. Constitutional rule returned in 1978 with the election of an assembly and a presidential vote in June in which Gen. Lamizana won by a narrow margin over three other candidates. On Nov. 25, 1980, Col. Sayé Zerbo led a bloodless coup that toppled Lamizana. In turn, Maj. Jean-Baptist Ouedraogo ousted Zerbo on Nov. 7, 1982. But the real revolutionary change occurred the following year when a 33-year-old flight commander, Thomas Sankara, took control. A Marxist-Leninist, he challenged the traditional Mossi chiefs, advocated women's liberation, and allied the country with North Korea, Libya, and Cuba. To sever ties to the colonial past, Sankara changed the name of the country in 1984 to Burkina Faso, which combines two of the nation's languages and means “the land of upright men.” While Sankara's investments in schools, food production, and clinics brought some improvement in living standards, foreign investment declined, many businesses left the country, and unhappy labor unions began strikes. On Oct. 15, 1987, formerly loyal soldiers assassinated Sankara. His best friend and ally Blaise Compaoré became president. Compaoré immediately set about “rectifying” Sankara's revolution. In 1991, he agreed to economic reforms proposed by the World Bank. A new constitution paved the way for elections in 1991, which Compaoré won easily, although opposition parties boycotted. In 1998, he was reelected by a landslide. A coup against the president was foiled in 2003, and he was reelected a third time in 2005. Prime Minister Yonli resigned in June 2007 and was replaced by Tertius Zongo, who has served as the ambassador to the United States and as the country's finance minister. Violent protests by soldiers and police in the capital of Ouagadougou, sparked by low pay and unpaid housing allowances, were answered by President Blaise Compaore with a new government and a new head of the armed forces in the spring of 2011. In Jan. 2013, Prime Minister Luc Adolphe Tiao's new government was announced; the main portfolios remain unchanged.	Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/Benin and the Forest Kingdoms - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Saylor.org's Ancient Civilizations of the World/Benin and the Forest Kingdoms From Wikibooks, open books for an open world The Benin Empire (1440–1998)[ edit ] Benin Empire. The Benin Empire (1440–1998) was a pre-colonial African state in what is now modern Nigeria. It should not be confused with the modern-day country called Benin, formerly called Dahomey. Ancient Benin Empire[ edit ] The original people and founders of the Benin Empire, the Edo people, were initially ruled by the Ogiso (Kings of the Sky) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo. According to the Edo oral tradition, 36 Ogiso ruled the empire, being the first one Igodo. Note worthy is the fact that out of these 36 Ogiso, two, Emose and Orhorho were women. In 8th century CE, the ruling Ogiso successfully expanded Igodomigodo into a system of autonomous settlements. By the 15th century, Edo as a system of protected settlements expanded into a thriving city-state. In the 15th century, Benin would expand from city-state to an empire. It was not until 15th century during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great that the kingdom's administrative centre, the city Ubinu, began to be known as "Benin City" by the Portuguese, and would later be adopted by the locals as well. Though, farther Edo clans, such as the Itsekiris and the Urhobos still referred to the city as Ubini up till the late 19th century, as evidence implies. Golden Age[ edit ] Benin city in the 17th century. Oba Ewuare, the first Golden Age ruler, is credited with turning Benin City into a military fortress protected by moats and walls. To enclose his palace he commanded the building of Benin's inner wall, a seven mile (11 km) long earthen rampart girded by a moat 50 feet (15 m) deep. Ewuare also added great thoroughfares and erected nine fortified gateways. It was from this bastion that he launched his military campaigns and began the expansion of the kingdom from the Edo-speaking heartlands. At its heyday, the empire extended from the western Ibo tribes on the shores of the Niger river, through parts of the southwestern region of Nigeria (much of present day Ondo State, and the isolated islands (current Lagos Island and Obalende) in the coastal region of present day Lagos State). Expansion eastwards was stopped by the aggressive autonomous Igbo villages southeast of the Niger river, the Oyo Kingdom, which extended through most of SouthWestern Nigeria in the West to parts of present day Republic of Benin, and the Northerly tribes united under the new and fiercely proselytistic Islamic faith. Pendant ivory mask of Queen Idia or Iyoba ne Esigie (meaning: Queenmother of Oba Esigie)), court of Benin, 16th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art. During the Golden Age, the Benin Empire developed an advanced artistic culture, especially in its famous artifacts of bronze, iron and ivory. These include bronze wall plaques and life-sized bronze heads depicting the Obas of Benin. The most common artifact is based on Queen Idia, now best known as the FESTAC Mask after its use in 1977 in the logo of the Nigeria-financed and hosted Second Festival of Black & African Arts and Culture (FESTAC 77). Tales of Benin's splendors and highly burnished artifacts lured more Portuguese traders to the city gates. European Contact[ edit ] The first European travelers to reach Benin were Portuguese explorers in about 1485. A strong mercantile relationship developed, with the Edo trading tropical products such as ivory, rubber and palm oil with the Portuguese for European goods such as hemp and guns. In the early 16th century, the Benin Empire sent an ambassador to Lisbon, and the king of Portugal sent Christian missionaries to Benin City. Such was the importance of their contacts that, some residents of Benin City could still speak a pidgin Portuguese in the late 19th century. The first English expedition to Benin was in 1553, and significant trading developed between England and Benin based on the export of ivory, p	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,329	What is the term for the food preparation in which an ingredient, usually in a shallow dish, is topped with a browned crust?	Glossary of Cooking Terms To cook by dry heat, usually in the oven. BARBECUE: Usually used generally to refer to grilling done outdoors or over an open charcoal or wood fire. More specifically, barbecue refers to long, slow direct- heat cooking, including liberal basting with a barbecue sauce. BASTE: To moisten foods during cooking with pan drippings or special sauce to add flavor and prevent drying. BATTER: A mixture containing flour and liquid, thin enough to pour. BEAT: To mix rapidly in order to make a mixture smooth and light by incorporating as much air as possible. BLANCH: To immerse in rapidly boiling water and allow to cook slightly. BLEND: To incorporate two or more ingredients thoroughly. BOIL: To heat a liquid until bubbles break continually on the surface. BROIL: To cook on a grill under strong, direct heat. CARAMELIZE: To heat sugar in order to turn it brown and give it a special taste. CHOP: To cut solids into pieces with a sharp knife or other chopping device. CLARIFY: To separate and remove solids from a liquid, thus making it clear. CREAM: To soften a fat, especially butter, by beating it at room temperature. Butter and sugar are often creamed together, making a smooth, soft paste. CURE: To preserve meats by drying and salting and/or smoking. DEGLAZE: To dissolve the thin glaze of juices and brown bits on the surface of a pan in which food has been fried, sauteed or roasted. To do this, add liquid and stir and scrape over high heat, thereby adding flavor to the liquid for use as a sauce. DEGREASE: To remove fat from the surface of stews, soups, or stock. Usually cooled in the refrigerator so that fat hardens and is easily removed. DICE: To cut food in small cubes of uniform size and shape. DISSOLVE: To cause a dry substance to pass into solution in a liquid. DREDGE: To sprinkle or coat with flour or other fine substance. DRIZZLE: To sprinkle drops of liquid lightly over food in a casual manner. DUST: To sprinkle food with dry ingredients. Use a strainer or a jar with a perforated cover, or try the good, old-fashioned way of shaking things together in a paper bag. FILLET: As a verb, to remove the bones from meat or fish. A fillet (or filet) is the piece of flesh after it has been boned. FLAKE: To break lightly into small pieces. FLAMBE': To flame foods by dousing in some form of potable alcohol and setting alight. FOLD: To incorporate a delicate substance, such as whipped cream or beaten egg whites, into another substance without releasing air bubbles. Cut down through mixture with spoon, whisk, or fork; go across bottom of bowl, up and over, close to surface. The process is repeated, while slowing rotating the bowl, until the ingredients are thoroughly blended. FRICASSEE: To cook by braising; usually applied to fowl or rabbit. FRY: To cook in hot fat. To cook in a fat is called pan-frying or sauteing; to cook in a one-to-two inch layer of hot fat is called shallow-fat frying; to cook in a deep layer of hot fat is called deep-fat frying. GARNISH: To decorate a dish both to enhance its appearance and to provide a flavorful foil. Parsley, lemon slices, raw vegetables, chopped chives, and other herbs are all forms of garnishes. GLAZE: To cook with a thin sugar syrup cooked to crack stage; mixture may be thickened slightly. Also, to cover with a thin, glossy icing. GRATE: To rub on a grater that separates the food in various sizes of bits or shreds. GRATIN: From the French word for "crust." Term used to describe any oven-baked dish--usually cooked in a shallow oval gratin dish--on which a golden brown crust of bread crumbs, cheese or creamy sauce is form. GRILL: To cook on a grill over intense heat. GRIND: To process solids by hand or mechanically to reduce them to tiny particles. JULIENNE: To cut vegetables, fruits, or cheeses	List of Bread Varieties \| The Taste of Aussie The Taste of Aussie Bringing the best recipes to you Search for: The Cook Leave a comment Doughs are usually baked, but in some cuisines breads are steamed (e.g., mantou), fried (e.g., puri), or baked on an unoiled frying pan (e.g., tortillas). It may be leavened or unleavened (e.g. matzo). Salt, fat and leavening agents such as yeast and baking soda are common ingredients, though bread may contain other ingredients, such as milk, egg, sugar, spice, fruit (such as raisins), vegetables (such as onion), nuts (such as walnuts) or seeds (such as poppy). Referred to colloquially as the “staff of life”, bread has been prepared for at least 30,000 years. Names information and descriptions of different types of bread with recipes Appam Aappam or Aappam hoppers are a type of food in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Sri Lankan cuisine. It is called Pitha in Oriya, Paddu or Gulle Eriyappa in Kodava. It is known as Appa in Sinhala and Arpone in Burmese. It is eaten most frequently for breakfast or dinner. View Apam Balik Recipe Arepa An arepa is a dish made of ground corn dough or cooked flour, very prominent in the cuisine of Colombia and Venezuela. It is similar in shape to the Mexican gordita and the Salvadoran pupusa. Arepas can also be found in Panama, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the Canary Islands. Babka Traditional types usually contain some sort of fruit filling, and are glazed with fruit flavoured icing; some contain chocolate or cheese filling. Bagel Ring shaped, usually with a dense, chewy interior; usually topped with sesame or poppy seeds baked into the surface. Continue reading » Baguette Baguettes are long thin loaves of bread popular in France, and other French-speaking countries. Baguettes are common in Europe. Usually, they are made of white bread. Baguettes usually have a hard crust on the outside but soft white bread on the inside. French traditions say that bread may only contain the following four things: flour, water, yeast and salt. Anything containing more than those things must not be called bread. Balep korkun Round, flat, easy to make, made of barley flour, water, baking powder, cooked in frying pan; Balep Korkun is a type of Bannock. Bammy Made by frying a mix of cassava root and salt in coconut oil, dipped in coconut milk and then refried. Banana bread Dense, made with mashed bananas, often a moist, sweet, cake-like quick bread, but some recipes are traditional yeast breads. Bannock Modern types are made with baking soda or baking powder as leavening agent, giving a light, airy texture. Bara Brith Sometimes termed ‘speckled bread’,raisins,currants and candied peel are added to dough. Barbari Bread This type of bread is perhaps the most common style baked in Iran. It is served in many restaurants with “Tabriz cheese”, of ewe’s milk, similar to feta cheese. It is also called “Tabrizi Bread” because of its connections with the City of Tabriz. Barmbrack Usually sold in flattened rounds, Barmbrack is often served toasted with butter along with a cup of tea in the afternoon. The dough is sweeter than sandwich bread, but not as rich as cake, and the sultanas and raisins add flavour and texture to the final product. In Ireland it is sometimes called Bairín Breac, and the term is also used as two words in its more common version. View Beer Bread Recipe Bhakri Usually grayish in color, made of cereals and thus high in protein and fibre. Bhatoora Very chewy bread made by flattened dough being fried until it puffs into a light brown fluffy form. Bing Bing is a wheat flour-based Chinese food with a flattened or disk-like shape, similar to the French concept of a Galette. These foods may resemble the flatbreads, pancakes, unleavened dough foods of non-Chinese and western cuisines. Many of them are similar to the Indian roti, French crepes, or Mexican tortilla, while others are more similar to Western cakes and cookies. Biscuit In Europe, biscuits are crisp and dry; in North America, biscuits are light and fluffy. Black bread Made of rye grain, usually dark colored and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,330	Which word is used, familiarly, by an Australian for 'food'?	Translations of Australian English words into American English - Fiona Lake Translations — Australian into American & other versions of the English language Got Any Words To Add? It is very difficult to obtain accurate information on specific agricultural words (particularly in languages written in unfamiliar scripts). Please let me know if you have any suggested additions and corrections. Send translation info » Translations — Australian into English spoken in other countries This page lists translations for some of the ordinary words used in Australia that differ from English spoken in other countries, in particular, America. For other-language translations of Australian outback and agricultural words, refer to the rural pages , and for explanations of the meaning of Australian outback words (and a good laugh - many are very witty), refer to the photo captions in the books "Biggest Mobs - Longest Shadows", "Life as an Australian Horseman" & "A Million Acre Masterpiece". The latter book also includes an 8 page glossary. The basic words used in the countries that have English as a first language (in particular Australia, New Zealand, England, Canada and America) are mostly the same or similar enough not to impede understanding between these countries, however there are a vast number of words and expressions that are unique to each country. And some of these differences do cause misunderstandings. Just as there are also many differences between the Portuguese spoken in the original 'mother country' of Portugal, and Brazil; and many differences between the Castilian Spanish spoken in Spain and other Spanish (Castellano)- speaking countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Chile and other South American countries. Australian English has more in common with British English, and New Zealand English, than American and Canadian English. Below are a few of the most common differences in words and expressions used in everyday language, along with spelling differences. Some may consider some of the Australian words below to be 'slang', however most are used commonly enough to be considered part of mainstream Australian English. Bear in mind there are also regional and demographic language differences within Australia and the context and tone used when expressing a word, can change it's meaning. Australians are fond of laughing ourselves; whether a term is meant to be an insult or not is often determined by the context and tone used. The Australian dry sense of humour is more like the English and New Zealand sense of humour, and can cause misunderstandings with other nationalities. There are many words that are different, so I have concentrated on the most common words - and ones in Australia which are being replaced by American words, due to the advertising of American products here, film and television viewing, and social media. Words that have an agricultural connection are found on the other translation pages. Why have I written a page of translations of ordinary Australian words? I've got sick of coming across websites containing the two common but misleading and inaccurate options. The first type is lists written by visiting uni-students, who only have contact with a very narrow sector of Australian society (i.e. other uni students - people of a certain age group, same education level and relatively homogeneous background). These lists tend to veer between whatever is the latest fashion, and corny slang Australian students have taught the visitors for a laugh. The second commonly produced list of Australian-American translations is produced by other urban dwellers, usually academics, who have a view of Australian language that is also very narrow - based on a thorough understanding of language used in southern capital cities, amongst the people they know (i.e. people living in similar suburbs, with similar education levels and backgrounds, in similar occupations and income levels); but a very shallow knowledge or language used in regional and rural areas; in particular northern inland Australia. (And, I suspect, a very poor under	Dictionary of Australian Slang Dictionary of Australian Slang Aggro - abbreviation for aggravated, aggressive, aggression. Ankle biter - a small or young child. Arvo - afternoon. Av-a-go-yer-mug - a phrase used to encourage someone to put more effort into something. Aussie - an Australian. Beano / Beanfeast - a festivity, celebration. Beanie - a small close fitting knitted cap often with a pom pom on top. Big smoke - the city. Billabong - a waterhole. Billy - a container, usually makeshift, for boiling water or tea; a receptacle used for smoking marijuana. Bloke - a man. Bludger - a lazy person who evades responsibilities, often applied to one who collects the dole and doesn't try to find work. Blue - to fight, a dispute; depressed in spirits; a mistake; . Bluey - a nickname for a red-headed person; a breed of Australian work dog. Bonza - excellent, attractive, pleasing. Bottlo - a Bottle shop or Liquor store. Bush telegraph / bush wire - unofficial communication network by which rumours are spread. Bushwhacker - one who lives in the bush. Bushwacked - extremely fatigued or exhausted. Bush week - a fictitious week when country people come to town; a time of year when stupid things happen. Bushytailed - full of health and good spirits. Bust - to apprehend for an illegal activity; to go bankrupt; a police raid. Butt - the buttocks, bottom. Cockeyed - twisted or slanted to one side; foolish, absurd. Codger - a bloke, fellow, especially elderly and a little odd. Compo - compensation for injury; workers compensation. Corker - something striking or astonishing; something very good of its kind. Crapper - toilet. Crook - sick, disabled, bad inferior; a thief; to get angry. Crown Jewels - the testicles. Cut up - to cause distress to; to criticise severley. D Dag - a person with little or no dress sense, uncouth. Date - buttocks; a date roll is a roll of toilet paper. Dick stickers - mens brief style bathers. Digger - an Australian soldier, especially one who served in World War I. Ding - a dent or damaged section of a car, bike, surfboard, etc. Dinkum / dinki-di - true, honest, genuine. Down the road - term indicating distance but no particular distance, it could be a few hundred metres but may be a few hundred miles. Drongo - slow-witted or stupid person. Dunny - an outside toilet, lavatory. E Earbash - to talk incessantly, someone who talks too much. F Fair dinkum - real, genuine, true. Few sandwiches short of a picnic - slow witted, not all together. Footy - rugby league. Full as a boot - intoxicated. Full of it - someone is full of it if they are a liar. G G'day, gidday - a greeting meaning good day. Gee-whiz - an expression indicating astonishment. Get stuffed - go away. Get the shits - to become angry, upset or short tempered. Gnarly - difficult, awkward; terrific, excellent. Go a meal or drink - could eat a meal or have a drink. Go for broke - to risk all ones capital. Greenie - deprecatory term for an environmentalist. Grog / booze - alcohol. beer, spirits. Grommet - an idiot; a young surfer Grouse - very good. On a good lurk - on to a good thing. On ya mate - usually means well done but often used sarcastically. Open slather - free-for-all, anything goes. Oz - Australia. Piker - someone who doesn't want to do something especially within a group. Pissed - drunk. Pissed off - disgruntled, fed up. Plonk - any alcoholic liquor, especially cheap wine. Poddy-dodger - a cattle rustler, one who steals unbranded calves. Pollie / polly - a politician. Pommie / Pom - English person (usually whinging pom). Prawn - a shrimp. Pub - a hotel, short for public house. Usually taken to mean the bar or drinking area in a hotel. R Rack off - go away, get lost. Rag - a newspaper or a woman who sleeps around. Ratbag - rascal, rogue. Ripper / rip snorter - great, terrific. Roo - short for kangaroo. Sanga - a sandwich or sausage. Schooner - a large-sized (425ml) glass of beer. Scrub up - dress up. Seppo / Septic tank - an American (rhyming slang for yank). Servo - a petrol / service / gas station. Sheila - girl, woman. She'll be apples - all is	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,331	For which novel did author Salman Rushdie win a Booker Prize in 1981?	Salman Rushdie Wins Booker Prize for Novel - NYTimes.com Salman Rushdie Wins Booker Prize for Novel Published: October 28, 1981 Salman Rushdie, author of ''Midnight's Children,'' about India, has received the 1981 Booker Prize for the best novel of the year. The British literary prize carries a cash award of $5,500. ''Midnight's Children'' was published in the United States in April by Alfred A. Knopf. Mr. Rushdie's 1979 novel, ''Grimus,'' was published here by the Overlook Press and is being reissued in a trade-paperback edition. Mr. Rushdie, who was born in Bombay in 1947, studied at Kings College, Cambridge, and lives in London. Previous winners of the prize are Nadine Gordimer, Iris Murdoch and V.S. Naipaul.	Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last \| Books \| The Guardian Books Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last Fourth time lucky for Julian Barnes, who wins the Man Booker prize 2011 for his novel The Sense of an Ending after missing out on three previous occasions Author Julian Barnes smiles after winning the 2011 Man Booker Prize for Fiction with his book The Sense of an Ending at the Guildhall in London. Photograph: Luke Macgregor/Reuters Tuesday 18 October 2011 19.15 EDT First published on Tuesday 18 October 2011 19.15 EDT Close This article is 5 years old Julian Barnes finally won the literary prize that has eluded him on three previous occasions when he was tonight presented with the Man Booker prize for his short novel, The Sense of an Ending . His victory came after one of the most bitter and vituperative run-ups to the prize in living memory - not among the shortlisted writers, but from dismayed and bemused commentators who accused judges of putting populism above genuine quality . But few of those critics could claim Barnes' novel is not of the highest quality. The chair of this year's judges, former MI5 director general Stella Rimington, said it had "the markings of a classic of English Literature. It is exquisitely written, subtly plotted and reveals new depths with each reading." Much of the row over the shortlist has stemmed from Rimington's own prioritisation of "readability" in the judging criteria. But tonight, she said quality had always been just as important. "It is a very readable book, if I may use that word, but readable not only once but twice and even three times," she said. "It is incredibly concentrated. Crammed into this short space is a great deal of information which you don't get out of a first read." Accepting the prize, Barnes thanked the judges for their wisdom and the sponsors for their cheque. He also offered some advice to publishers: "Those of you who have seen my book, whatever you think of its contents, will probably agree it is a beautiful object. And if the physical book, as we've come to call it, is to resist the challenge of the ebook, it has to look like something worth buying, worth keeping." Afterwards Barnes admitted a sense of relief at finally winning. "I didn't want to go to my grave and get a Beryl," he said referring to Bainbridge, who was shortlisted five times, never won and received a posthumous Best of Beryl Booker prize . He said the "readability" row had been "a false hare" to which he had paid little attention, adding: "Most great books are readable. Any shortlist of the last ten years that I've read has contained nothing but what you would call readable books." Barnes once called the prize "posh bingo" and he said he had not changed his view – it simply depended on who the judges were and what they liked. "The Booker prize has a tendency to drive people a bit mad," he said, not least writers with "hope and lust and greed and expectation" so the best way to stay sane, he said, was by treating it as a lottery until you win "when you realise that the judges are the wisest heads in literary Christendom". Asked what he would spend the £50,000 prize money on he said a new watch strap was first on his list. "I could buy a whole new watch." The book, at 150 pages, is undoubtedly short, but not the shortest to ever win the prize – that record belongs to Penelope Fitzgerald's Offshore , which won in 1979 and is shorter by a few hundred words. The Sense of an Ending, Barnes' 11th novel, explores memory: how fuzzy it can be and how we amend the past to suit our own wellbeing. It tells the story through the apparently insignificant and dull life of arts administrator Tony Webster. "One of the things that the book does is talk about the human kind," said Rimington. "None of us really knows who we are. We present ourselves in all sorts of ways, but maybe the ways we present ourselves are not how we really are." Rimington said the question of whether Barnes was overdue to win the £50,000 prize never entered her mind or figured in the debate. "We really were,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,332	Selenophobia is the fear of what	Selenophobia - moon fear, moon phobia, fear of the moon, phobia of the moon Websites Welcome to my site for Selenophobia. In hopes of trying to provide some helpful information, I have searched the Internet looking for information on Selenophobia (moon fear, moon phobia, fear of the moon, phobia of the moon). Please note I am not a doctor and only provide this site for informational purposes. I hope you will find some benefit in the site. Best wishes! ~Edd~ What is Selenophobia? Selenophobia is the fear of the moon. The origin of the word seleno is Greek (meaning moon) and phobia is Greek (meaning fear). Selenophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. What are the causes? It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events (i.e. traumatic events) and internal predispositions (i.e. heredity or genetics). Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic experience at an early age. Social phobias and agoraphobia have more complex causes that are not entirely known at this time. It is believed that heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry combine with life-experiences to play a major role in the development of phobias. (Wikipedia - phobia). What are the symptoms? As with any phobia, the symptoms vary by person depending on their level of fear. The symptoms typically include extreme anxiety, dread and anything associated with panic such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, sweating, excessive sweating, nausea, dry mouth, nausea, inability to articulate words or sentences, dry mouth and shaking. . Can I take medicine? Medicine can be prescribed, but please note that these medications can have side effects and/or withdrawal systems that can be severe. It is also important to note that medicines do not cure phobias, at best they only temporarily suppress the systems. However, there are treatments for phobias, which include counseling, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy, and Neuro-Linguistic programming. Please click on the link at the top of the page called “Treatment Information” to find out more information on these types of treatments. Note: If you are going to do a search, some common Selenophobia search terms include Selenophobia, moon fear, moon phobia, fear of the moon, phobia of the moon. DISCLAIMER: PLEASE READ - By printing, downloading, or using you this information, you agree to the following: 1) I am only providing this material for information and research purposes. 2) The information is "AS IS", "WITH ALL FAULTS". 3) You understand the information was gathered by doing a general search on Internet search engines for the following terms: Selenophobia, moon fear, moon phobia, fear of the moon, phobia of the moon. 4) User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. 5) Information may have errors or be outdated. 6) Some information is from historical sources or represents opinions of the author. 7) You agree that we have no liability for any damages. 8) I are not liable for any consequential, incidental, indirect, or special damages. Finally, if you do not agree to terms, do not use the information. It is for informational and research purposes only! If you have any questions please contact me edd@ebozman.com	Bufonophobia– Fear of toads \| Phobia Source Home » Phobia List Bufonophobia– Fear of toads Toads are amphibians that are slimy, slithery and some can be even dangerous. These creatures are different from frogs but most people can’t tell the difference between them. Toads may have dry skin that feel leathery but most people with fear of toads also have fear of frogs because of their similarity. Causes of this fear include the knowledge that some toads can be poisonous. Cane Toads for instance emit a poison that has killed a lot of people and animals. Thus some people might generalize that all toads are poisonous. The horny toad is also one reason for this phobia. Although this is actually a lizard, the horny toad looks frightening and some people get scared at even the mere thought or sight of it. Another probable reason for bufunophobia is the association of toads with witchcraft and sorcery. Toads are usually used in potions, and people who have offended the witches have been said to be turned into toads thus this fear develops. Patients with this fear might tremble when they see toads, or even frogs. They may exhibit other symptoms of anxiety and will run away from it. Treatment includes psychotherapy. Medical treatment with anti-psychotics or antidepressants are not necessary.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,333	Turkey's international telephone calling code is?	Turkey Country Code 90 Country Code TR About Turkey Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details Turkey phone code. The Turkey country code 90 will allow you to call Turkey from another country. Turkey telephone code 90 is dialed after the IDD. Turkey international dialing 90 is followed by an area code. The Turkey area code table below shows the various city codes for Turkey. Turkey country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete Turkey dialing code, you can make your international call.	Is Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan transforming a nation? - The Economic Times Is Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan transforming a nation? By AP \| Updated: Jul 21, 2016, 11.54 PM IST "The tarnished souls of the faithless were eaten up, finished and defeated before the souls of the faithful," the president said Wednesday. Budget 2017: Can Arun Jaitley make you & economy happy? Click for our special Budget 2017 coverage ISTANBUL: The stunning sweep of Turkey 's crackdown following an attempted coup last week forces questions about how far President Recep Tayyip Erdogan will go in a tense, conspiracy-fueled country. While the purges may be designed to derail any future insurrections, there are increasing concerns that Erdogan is seizing the moment to transform Turkey, steering it from its secular roots toward a more pious Muslim model and cementing personal power at the expense of democratic ideals. The mass dismissals of Turkish teachers and closure of hundreds of schools allegedly linked to the coup plotters suggest societal shifts are afoot that could empower Erdogan's conservative Islamic base. And if answers to Turkey's course lie in presidential rhetoric, the coup plotters, and possibly a wider circle of government opponents, can expect little tolerance after an insurrection in which renegade soldiers drove tanks in city streets and fired on civilian protesters. "The tarnished souls of the faithless were eaten up, finished and defeated before the souls of the faithful," the president said Wednesday. "Know that this will not be their first defeat, this is how it will be from now on." Turkey, a NATO ally that describes itself as a bridge between east and west, is truly at a crossroads, embarking on a path whose ultimate consequences may not even be entirely clear to the leader who has dominated the nation of 80 million for more than a decade. For the West, the stakes are high because strategically located Turkey, spanning Asia and Europe, is considered a vital partner in efforts to contain terrorism and regulate mass migration from Syria and other conflict zones. After the failed uprising, Turkey's elected government arrested or dismissed tens of thousands in the military, the courts, education and other sectors _ "everywhere you can think of," one Turkish newspaper columnist wrote _ and declared a three-month state of emergency. The country, observers say, could veer deeper into the authoritarian conduct that Erdogan has increasingly been accused of, or it could eventually honor pledges to uphold democracy after a temporary suspension of freedoms. Erdogan is taking a hard line, saying he will consider supporters' calls to reinstate the death penalty, a move that would defy international rights conventions and perhaps irrevocably shatter Turkey's hopes of joining Europe as a full partner. Mehmet Simsek , Turkey's deputy prime minister, said the rule of law will be upheld during the state of emergency and "we will use it in a fashion closer to our allies, like France and others." And while Erdogan thanked political opposition parties for opposing the July 15 coup attempt, some analysts believe his triumphalist declarations show he is inclined to target rivals after a coup scare that exposed vulnerabilities in his security. The extent of purges, aimed at supporters of Fethullah Gulen, a U.S.-based cleric and former Erdogan ally blamed for the uprising, raised speculation that the rebellion fallout accelerated plans to overhaul Turkish institutions, accomplishing in days what might have taken years. "Erdogan has always envisioned remaking Turkish society and undoing what he sees as the excesses of Kemalism," the secular ideology of Turkish national founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, wrote Howard Eissenstat, an associate professor of Middle East history at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York. "Now he is doing so with far greater force; this is a revolution. In 1980, the generals staged a successful coup aimed at totally remaking society. It was accompanied by mass detentions, purges of public institutions, and des	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,334	"Who was ""The Hunchback of Notre Dame""?"	The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1996 ) G \| A deformed bell-ringer must assert his independence from a vicious government minister in order to help his friend, a gypsy dancer. Directors: Gary Trousdale , Kirk Wise Writers: Tab Murphy (animation story by), Victor Hugo (from the novel "Notre Dame de Paris" by) \| 23 more credits » Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Lon Chaney Hunchback Of Notre Dame January 19th at Schlafly Bottleworks 16 January 2017 7:11 PM, -08:00 \| WeAreMovieGeeks.com a list of 49 titles created 24 Dec 2010 a list of 42 titles created 15 Aug 2011 a list of 36 titles created 23 Dec 2013 a list of 33 titles created 24 Nov 2014 a list of 36 titles created 01 Dec 2015 Title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) 6.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 8 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards » Videos An English soldier and the daughter of an Algonquin chief share a romance when English colonists invade seventeenth-century Virginia. Directors: Mike Gabriel, Eric Goldberg Stars: Mel Gibson, Linda Hunt, Christian Bale A man raised by gorillas must decide where he really belongs when he discovers he is a human. Directors: Chris Buck, Kevin Lima Stars: Tony Goldwyn, Minnie Driver, Brian Blessed The son of the Greek Gods Zeus and Hera is stripped of his immortality as an infant and must become a true hero in order to reclaim it. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Tate Donovan, Susan Egan, James Woods A mermaid princess makes a Faustian bargain with an unscrupulous sea-witch in order to meet a human prince on land. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Jodi Benson, Rene Auberjonois, Christopher Daniel Barnes Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson, and 2 more credits » Stars: Bobby Driscoll, Kathryn Beaumont, Hans Conried To save her father from death in the army, a young maiden secretly goes in his place and becomes one of China's greatest heroines in the process. Directors: Tony Bancroft, Barry Cook Stars: Ming-Na Wen, Eddie Murphy, BD Wong Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson, and 1 more credit » Stars: Ilene Woods, James MacDonald, Eleanor Audley After being snubbed by the royal family, a malevolent fairy places a curse on a princess which only a prince can break, along with the help of three good fairies. Director: Clyde Geronimi Directors: William Cottrell, David Hand, and 4 more credits » Stars: Adriana Caselotti, Harry Stockwell, Lucille La Verne Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske, and 1 more credit » Stars: Rod Taylor, Betty Lou Gerson, J. Pat O'Malley When a street urchin vies for the love of a beautiful princess, he uses a genie's magic power to make himself off as a prince in order to marry her. Directors: Ron Clements, John Musker Stars: Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, and 5 more credits » Stars: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc Edit Storyline In 15th century Paris, Clopin the puppeteer tells the story of Quasimodo, the misshapen but gentle-souled bell ringer of Notre Dame, who was nearly killed as a baby by Claude Frollo, the Minister of Justice. But Frollo was forced by the Archdeacon of Notre Dame to raise Quasimodo as his own. Now a young man, Quasimodo is hidden from the world by Frollo in the belltower of the cathedral. But during the Festival of Fools, Quasimodo, cheered on by his gargoyle friends Victor, Hugo, and Laverne, decides to take part in the festivities, where he meets the lovely gypsy girl Esmeralda and the handsome soldier Phoebus. The three of them find themselves ranged against Frollo's cruelty and his attempts to destroy the home of the gypsies, the Cour	Self-Presentation and Self-Realisation in Dickens's "Nicholas Nickleby" [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Charles Dickens —> Nicholas Nickleby Introduction ntil quite recently, most critics have had little time for Nicholas Nickleby, finding the characters one-dimensional and the plot too episodic — too full of "detachable 'bits'" (Chittick 118). Far from being the springs of the action, characters like the Yorkshire schoolmaster Wackford Squeers, and the wicked uncle/usurer Ralph Nickleby, have struck such critics as cardboard figures. The actress Dame Sybil Thorndyke saw the latter as the very "Incarnation of Sin" (vii). Like Squeers, the kindly philanthropic Cheerybles were based on real people, but these too have failed to convince: "we cannot help reflecting on the position of the mass of workmen whose labours have accumulated their capital," groused one early cynic (Collins 152). Worst of all, the eponymous hero himself struck even some of the earliest reviewers as having "no character at all" (unsigned notice, Collins 90). Leaping into the sensational encounters that punctuate his loosely connected adventures, he has generally seemed little more than "a somewhat chivalrous young donkey" (Chesterton 32). Yet Dickens's third novel has always been a favourite with the general public. Indeed, it was this book's huge sales that enabled Dickens to give up his parliamentary reporting and become a full-time writer (see Slater, Composition, 1). Years later, when Dickens was much less fashionable, the children's book illustrator Kate Greenaway would still write to Ruskin , "I am very fond of Nicholas Nickleby" (216). One reason for its popularity outside academe has been its theatricality, notable even among the works of this "most theatrical of Victorian novelists" (Glavin 189). Dedicated to Dickens's good friend, the actor William Macready, it not only has a dashing young hero who hangs on to panicked horses, beats up villains, and rescues damsels in distress, but includes episodes with the actor-manager Vincent Crummles, his family, and his troupe of itinerant actors. Desperate for a means of subsistence after decamping from Dotheboys Hall in Yorkshire with the pathetically ill-used Smike, Nicholas allows himself to be recruited by Crummles. He is given a French play to turn into English, takes to the boards himself, and, with infinite patience, coaches Smike to make a very brief appearance as the apothecarey to his own Romeo. For all Smike's difficulties with learning his lines, both seem made for the stage. When Crummles first talks Nicholas into joining him, he says, "There's a genteel comedy in your walk and manner, juvenile tragedy in your eye, and touch-and-go farce in your laugh" (283). As for Smike, the lad strikes Crummles as the ideal actor for the "starved business," so much so that he adds, "I never saw a young fellow so regularly cut out for that line, since I've been in the profession" (281). No wonder there have been so many successful stage and screen versions of the novel, dating from 1838 when the novel was still coming out in instalments, and the ending had to be invented (see Fawcett 236), right up to the present. Dickens himself responded favourably to its first adaptation, and found that it provided excellent material for his theatrical readings in the 1860s (see Bolton 154; Slater, Composition, 40). Since then over 250 productions have been identified (see Ford 15-16). In the second half of the twentieth century, academe finally caught up with the general readership and the popular audience. The theatricality of the novel attracted new and more appreciative critical attention. Nicholas Nickleby demonstrates, according to one critic, the "inextricable link between the public and private stage. Macready helped Dickens fashion for the novel the popular technique of pantomimic expression" (Hecimovich 16). In this reading, the plot's larger than life characters and its fairytale and theatrical elements make good sense. So too do its melodramatic highlights, right from when Nicholas rains blow	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,335	In which American state could you visit the eroded	State Food Rankings: 50 American States Ranked by Food/Drink - Thrillist Thrillist Log in or Sign Up to start saving places View your Get Thrillist in Your Inbox Discover the very best food, drink and fun in your city. Eat up! I confirm I am at least 21 years old Follow Thrillist Workouts That Are So Last Year, and What to Do Instead During America Week, a parlor game emerged among our editors, in which we discussed what state we'd want to eat and drink in for the rest of our lives if we couldn’t move anywhere else. And, in order to prove each other wrong, we began to research, then really research, and then began to get deep into some weird food forums, and, at the end of it all, we realized we needed to do the most research possible and turn this into a story. So here is what we did: we ranked states by the food/drink available in that state, focusing on four key questions: 1) What did they produce (beef, oranges, ugh, sorghum?), 2) What iconic items were they known for (Key lime pie? onion burgers?), 3) What is their beer/wine/spirits production like ( great breweries /wineries?), and finally 4) What is the food/drink scene like in their cities? Weighing all those factors, here is our by-no-means-scientific ranking. If you disagree and want to tell us how stupid our faces are, well, that’s what Internet commenting forums are all about: 50. South Dakota When you Google "South Dakota and food," an image of a hungry child crying comes up, and then the computer goes black. 49. North Dakota This could have been at 50. We flipped a coin. 48. Utah You pride yourself on your secret “fry sauce,” which is just the same ketchup and mayo hybrid one finds at burger joints EVERYWHERE. But at least you have really arcane liquor laws ! 47. Iowa Your most iconic food is meat that a person was too lazy to pack together. Related Jennifer Bui/Thrillist 46. Delaware Putting aside the false rumors that you actually have BLUE HENS, Dogfish Head is the only thing keeping you out of the Dakota zone. Does moonshine count as food? No? Oh. Your football team is named after corn preparation. So that’s something? 42. New Hampshire Everyone is too busy planning out which NASCAR T-shirt they’re going to wear to vote in the primaries two years from now to cook... all those apples lying around rotting in their yards next to all those old Paul Tsongas campaign signs. 41. Indiana Hoosiers pride themselves on a shrimp cocktail at this one steakhouse that has, like, really spicy cocktail sauce! Try the famous pork tenderloin sandwiches ! Are you asleep yet? When you wake up, someone probably will have taken you to a [INSERT LITERALLY ANY FAST-FOOD CHAIN]. Jennifer Bui/Thrillist 40. Montana It has some sneakily good breweries and unfettered access to freshly ground bison meat. But still… Montana. A rich man’s Wyoming, one might say. 39. Idaho Have you ever bitten into a potato fresh out of the ground? Us neither, but it’s probably better or something? 38. Alaska When you’re not eating wolves that Sarah Palin shot out of a helicopter, we will admit that your fresh salmon and crab legs are not without their charms. 37. Arkansas If someone in South Dakota moved here, they would be in foodie heaven. But Arkansas lacks the dominant iconic Southern foods of literally all their neighbors to the South. They do have pretty good cheese dip and possum pie, though. 36. Kansas It suffers from the fact that the bulk of its namesake city lies across the border in Missouri, though it does fully own the culinary hotbed that is... Wichita. Hey, at least confusingly named Oklahoma Joe's is now Joe's Kansas City Bar-B-Que. 35. Rhode Island You’ve got frozen lemonade, grilled pizzas, serviceable Italian food, and Narragansett . Which would be fine, if you didn’t also have the worst of all styles of clam chowder. 34. Arizona Allegedly inventing the chimichanga and deciding to deep-fry a burrito definitely counts for something. Phoenix has AT LEAST one solid restaurant amidst all the chains ( Pizzeria Bianco! ). If you happen to be a minority, drop Arizon	The Only State... Quiz Extra Trivia ...whose name appears in another state's most populous city? Kansas City is the name of the biggest city in Missouri but only the third biggest city in Kansas. ...to host three modern Olympic Games? Besides the two Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. ...that allows residents to vote from outer space? The reasoning behind this 1997 law makes sense when you consider that most Astronauts live and work in Houston. ...without a McDonalds within the borders of its state capital? Montpelier is also the smallest state capital, with less than 8,000 people. ...to have a state-owned bank? The Bank of North Dakota was founded in 1919, and receives funds from state agencies. ...whose name has no letters in common with that of its capital? This may not be the most interesting 'Only' stat about South Dakota, but it's the only one I could find... ...to insist upon statewide female suffrage as a requirement for its entry into the Union? The Wyoming Territory's 1869 passage of female suffrage inspired the state's Official Nickname 'The Equality State.' ...whose legal right to statehood was brought before the Supreme Court? Virginia v. West Virginia, in which Virgina strove to regain counties that had seceded during the Civil War, was decided in favor of the Defendant. ...that has no law requiring seatbelts for adults in automobiles? New Hampshire residents take their 'Live Free Or Die' motto rather seriously ...to have a lighthouse that stands over 60 meters high? The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, 63 meters tall (200 feet), is located on the state's easternmost island. ...in which diamonds are mined? Crater of Diamonds State Park is also the world's only diamond-bearing site open to the public. ...in which the Northern half is in a different time zone than the Southern half? Northern Idaho is on Pacific Time, while Southern Idaho is on Mountain Time. ...to be represented by an African-American Senator prior to the 20th Century? Before 1967, Mississippi's Hiram Revels (1870) and Blanche Bruce (1875) were the only two black US Senators in history. ...whose median age is under 30 years old? The Mormon Church's encouragement of large families may explain why Utah's median age is only 28.8 years. ...to produce two US Presidents whose sons also became Presidents? Coincidentally, both sons shared their Father's names--John Quincy Adams and George Walker Bush. ...to be named after an American? Perhaps only George Washington had the gravitas to merit such an honor; a state of Franklin was attempted but failed to be approved. ...to have a higher population density than Puerto Rico? The most densely populated state, New Jersey's 1,189 residents/square mile beats out Puerto Rico's 1,163. ...whose postal abbreviation consists of two vowels? Iowa is also the only state whose name begins with two vowels. ...to lie entirely above 1,000 meters elevation? Colorado's lowest point, at the border with Kansas, is higher than Pennsylvania's tallest summit. ...where a nuclear weapon was exploded prior to the bombing of Japan? The Trinity Site, NM, was America's first and only test of the atomic bomb before it was dropped on Hiroshima. ...to host a Confederate President's inauguration? Jefferson Davis took his oath of office at the Alabama State Capitol building in 1861. ...that has 'parishes' instead of counties? Louisiana's unique use of the word 'parish' is a holdover from its days as a French Colony. ...to have two Federal Reserve Banks? The Federal bank in Kansas City covers the Great Plains region, while the bank in St. Louis covers part of the Central US. ...with a modern city founded by European colonists prior to 1600? St. Augustine, founded in 1565, was originally the capital of Spanish Florida. ...to contain more than one Ivy League school? Columbia University is located in New York City, while Cornell is in Ithaca Exceptional Quality ...whose official name is more than four words long? 'State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,' is typically used only on of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,336	What record did Jeanne Calment reach in 1995?	Jeanne Calment Jeanne Calment Calment celebrating her 121st birthday in 1996 Born (aged 122 years, 164 days) Arles, France Longest confirmed human lifespan since 11 May 1990 Oldest living person (11 January 1988 – 4 August 1997) Only verified person to live to 120 years or beyond First verified person to live to 116 years or beyond Spouse(s) Fernand Calment (m. 1896–1942) Children Jeanne Louise Calment ( French pronunciation: ; 21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997) [1] was a French supercentenarian who has the longest confirmed human lifespan on record, living to the age of 122 years, 164 days. [2] She was born and lived in Arles , France, for her entire life, outliving both her daughter and grandson by several decades. Calment became especially well known from the age of 113, when the centenary of Vincent van Gogh ‘s visit brought reporters to Arles. Her lifespan has been extensively researched and verified by census documents and numerous scholars and agencies that specialize in longevity research. Contents Birth certificate of Jeanne Calment Calment at age 20 in 1895 Calment was born in Arles on 21 February 1875. [1] Her father, Nicolas Calment (28 January 1838 – 22 January 1931), was a shipbuilder, and her mother, Marguerite Gilles (20 February 1838 – 18 September 1924), was from a family of millers . She had an older brother, François (25 April 1865 – 1 December 1962). Some of her close family members also lived an above-average lifespan, although none lived anywhere near as long as Jeanne: her older brother François lived to the age of 97, her father to six days shy of 93, and her mother to 86. Personal life From the age of seven until her first holy communion , Jeanne Calment attended Madame Benet’s church primary school in Arles, and then attended the local college, finishing at the age of 16 with the diploma brevet classique, after which she continued to live with her parents, awaiting marriage, painting, and improving her piano skills. [3] [4] In 1896, at the age of 21, she married her double second cousin , Fernand Nicolas Calment (1868–1942). Their paternal grandfathers were brothers, hence the same surname, and their paternal grandmothers were also sisters. [5] Fernand was a wealthy shop owner and she moved into the apartments above his shop Grands Magasins de Nouvautés (which still exists as of 2017, at the corner formed by rue Gambetta and rue St-Estève in Arles), where she lived until the age of 110. [5] His wealth made it possible for Calment never to have to work; instead they led a leisured lifestyle within the upper society of Arles, pursuing hobbies such as fencing, cycling (at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence ), tennis, swimming, rollerskating at Alyscamps , and playing the piano and making music with friends. [6] In the summer, the couple would stay at Uriage for mountaineering all the way up to the glacier, getting sunburnt in the process. She also went hunting with her husband, using an 18mm rifle, in the hills of the Provence to shoot rabbits and wild boars , but disliked killing birds. [6] Reflecting her bourgeois background, she considered the most important historical event in her lifetime to have been the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the execution of the Russian imperial family , a view shared by many fellow centenarians. [7] The Second World War had little effect on her life in the south of France. German soldiers slept in her rooms but she bore no grudge against them because “they did not take anything away”. In 1942, Fernand ate cherries treated with copper sulphate the day before, developed jaundice and died of the poisoning in the course of one and a half months at the age of 73. [6] Jeanne had eaten fewer of the cherries and survived. [8] Their only child, a daughter named Yvonne Marie Nicolle Calment (19 January 1898 – 19 January 1934), produced a grandson, Frédéric Billiot, on 23 December 1926. [5] Yvonne died on her 36th birthday from pneumonia , after which Calment raised Frédéric herself. [9] Frédéric became a doctor, and lived with her until his premature death at age 36 in an automobile a	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,337	Which aliens in Doctor Who originate from Earth’s twin planet, Mondas?	Cyberman (Mondas) \| Tardis \| Fandom powered by Wikia Special Feature - Origin of the Cybermen - Doctor Who - Tomb of the Cybermen - BBC You may wish to consult Cyberman (disambiguation) for other, similarly-named pages. The Cybermen, also referred to as Cybrmn when they released a computer virus which destroyed all vowels,( PROSE : Vrs ) of the Doctor 's universe were a race of artificially modified humans who originated from the planet Mondas , Earth 's twin planet . The reason behind their modifications was due to the increasingly cold atmosphere of their planet. ( TV : The Tenth Planet ) Their original goal was simply to return Mondas to the solar system; they would destroy the Earth and have Mondas replace it. The Doctor's first and sixth incarnations prevented this, and their attempt to destroy Earth with a comet. (TV: The Tenth Planet , Attack of the Cybermen ) With nothing else left to them, the Cybermen took it as their primary aim to conquer the universe, converting where possible to boost their numbers. Fear of such conversion was prevalent on many worlds and so the Cybermen came to be objects of terror. ( TV : Attack of the Cybermen ) Many species fought against them in the Cyber-Wars . (TV: Earthshock , Revenge of the Cybermen ) After the wars were over, they had upgraded their technology, which overcame many weaknesses present in their original models. ( TV : Nightmare in Silver , Death in Heaven ) Contents Edit The Cybermen were cybernetically augmented humanoids . Though they varied greatly in design over time (most likely due to the technology available to them), the many versions had several things in common. Nearly all were silver in colour, except for a black variety in the London sewers . ( TV : Attack of the Cybermen , et al.) Cybermen also exhibited exposed circuitry and tubing covering a rubbery or mylar-like outer skin. ( TV : The Tenth Planet ) Cybermen frequently attempted to increase their numbers by cyber-conversion . The Mondasians which the First Doctor met on Snowcap Base in December 1986 had undergone a less radical conversion and still retained biological hands. ( TV : The Tenth Planet ) All other Cybermen were entirely covered by their metallic suits. ( TV : The Moonbase onwards) Some partial conversions were known to exist that still held human features, among them Tobias Vaughn . ( TV : The Invasion ) A black Cyberman. ( TV : Attack of the Cybermen ) Mondasian Cybermen had a quavering voice which put inflected syllables in a seemingly random, sing-song manner. ( TV : The Tenth Planet ) Later Cybermen spoke in more of a monotone, emphasising their lack of emotion. ( TV : The Moonbase ) After recovering from the Cyber-Wars , the Cybermen had advanced suits. Their chest units glowed blue. ( TV : Nightmare in Silver , The Time of the Doctor ) Conversion Cyber-conversion. ( TV : Attack of the Cybermen ) Partial conversions occurred. In a partial conversion, the subject took on several features of the Cybermen. For example, Tobias Vaughn 's torso was immune to gunfire. ( TV : The Invasion ) A great weakness of the conversion was they could only convert species close to humans. This left Time Lords like the Doctor safe for a time. (TV: Closing Time ) However, the post-Cyber Wars variety no longer had this drawback, and were able to temporarily incorporate his mind to create the Cyber-Planner Mr Clever . (TV: Nightmare in Silver ) A further upgrade to their process was being able to convert corpses, no matter how decayed or what age the victim died at. (TV: Death in Heaven ) Vulnerabilities The Fifth Doctor uses Adric 's gold badge against the Cyber-Leader. ( TV : Earthshock ) Cybermen had major weaknesses. The most notable was the element gold which, being non-corrosive, choked their respiratory systems, a property exploited by the glittergun used during the Cyber-Wars . ( TV : Revenge of the Cybermen , Earthshock , Silver Nemesis ) ( AUDIO : Last of the Cybermen ) On occasion, the mere touch of gold was toxic to them. Gold coins or gold-tipped arrows might destroy them. ( TV : Earthshock ,	TV SHOWS U to V \| TVH TV Shows U to V W » UFO (1970) Gerry and Sylvia Anderson's first full attempt at real-life action was much more adult orientated than their previous offerings. Under threat from a mysterious green skinned, liquid breathing alien race, Earth set up SHADO (Supreme Headquarters, Alien Defence Organisation) under the leadership of former USAF commander Ed Straker. Not wishing to cause wide spread panic amongst the public, SHADO's secret headquarters was buried deep below the Harlington-Straker film studios on the outskirts of London. From here, Straker, assisted by Colonel Alec Freeman , Captain Peter Carlin, and Colonel Paul Foster, ran operations and kept in touch with the planet's first line of defence which was situated on Moonbase, where response to an alien attack came in the form of typical Anderson gadgetry, namely the Interceptor Spacecraft. If this line of defence were breached then SHADO could still call on Skydivers, nuclear crafts capable of either underwater or aerial combat. The organisations female staff were clad in white cat suits and had purple hair, the most famous of them being Gabrielle Drake and Wanda Ventham. The series was developed by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson and Reg Hill in the autumn of 1968 while production of the mostly forgotten puppet series The Secret Service was still in progress. The Anderson's were also completing production on their first live-action feature film Doppelganger. Around that time ATV supremo Lew Grade agreed to finance UFO to the tune of £100,000 per episode. Filmed over a period of 18 months the series used the facilities offered by three studios starting with the MGM British Studios in Boreham Wood followed by the Anderson's own Century 21 Studios in Slough and finally to ATV's Elstree Studios. Towards the end of 1969 MGM decided to close down the Boreham Wood studios and production on UFO came to an enforced halt. By that time only 17 episodes of the 26 had been completed and it wasn't until May 1970 that the production of the full run was finally finished. UFO had all the elements for a successful series; a good strong storyline, plenty of action and the wonderful Anderson models. Where the show failed was in the uncertainty of programme schedulers who couldn't make up their mind if the series should be aimed at children or adults, and as a result it meandered between Saturday morning and late night 'graveyard' slots until, eventually, a planned second season was cancelled to make way for the Andersons' next project, Space 1999. Links: DVD Availibility: UKRIDGE (1968) Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge is a fictional character from the short stories and novels of P. G. Wodehouse. And while Ukbridge (pronounced Ewkridge) never enjoyed the same popularity as Bertie Wooster and Jeeves here was another of the author's amiable eccentric characters from the 1920s bought to life in exemplary style by the BBC. Ukridge is a bounder, a schemer and an outrageous conman who will do anything for financial gain - as long as it doesn't involve working. He is an opportunist who never passes up a chance to exploit any kindness shown to him. And yet, as with so many other television rogues down the years, the viewing public took him straight to their collective heart, due in no small part to the amiable performance of Anton Rodgers in the lead role, suitably accompanied by Julian Holloway as his chum, Corky, and Marian Spencer as Aunt Julia. Richard Waring adapted Wodehouse's scripts for television. Wodehouse must have retained a certain fondness for him; his last appearance in a Wodehouse story being was as late as 1966. Links: DVD Availibility: UNDERMIND (1965) Undermind was a very unusual British science fiction thriller series for its time in that there wasn't a rocket, flying saucer or extraterrestrial to appear at all over the course of its run. Over its eleven episodes Undermind told a story about alien subversion where an alien force, that was never identified by name or location, sought to establish a foothold in Britain by undermining society and morale. Th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,338	Which legendary couple are said to be buried at Glastonbury, Somerset, England?	Glastonbury Tor, Chalice Hill, King Arthur- Crystalinks King Arthur Glastonbury is notable for myths and legends concerning Joseph of Arimathea, the Holy Grail and King Arthur. The legend that Joseph of Arimathea retrieved certain holy relics was introduced by the French poet Robert de Boron in his 13th century version of the grail story, thought to have been a trilogy though only fragments of the later books survive today. The work became the inspiration for the later Vulgate Cycle of Arthurian tales. De Boron's account relates how Joseph captured Jesus' blood in a cup (the "Holy Grail") which was subsequently brought to Britain. The Vulgate Cycle reworked Boron's original tale. Joseph of Arimathea was no longer the chief character in the Grail origin: Joseph's son, Josephus, took over his role of the Grail keeper. The earliest versions of the grail romance, however, do not call the grail "holy" or mention anything about blood, Joseph or Glastonbury. Stories of a sacred vessel dear to the Celts became entwined with the story of Christ's Last Supper and the Christian Holy Grail which inspired quests and crusades across England, Europe and the Far East. The Glastonbury and Somerset legends involve the boy Jesus together with his Uncle, Joseph of Arimathea building Glastonbury's first wattle and daub church. These legends gave rise to the continuing cult of the Virgin on the site of the present Lady Chapel and inspired the title 'Our Lady St. Mary of Glastonbury,' which is still used today. After the crucifixion of Jesus, lore has it that Joseph of Arimathea (who according to the Bible donated his own tomb for Christ's interment after the Crucifixion) came to Britain, bearing the Holy Grail--the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and later by Joseph to catch his blood at the crucifixion. When Joseph landed on the island of Avalon, he set foot on Wearyall Hill - just below the Tor. Exhausted, he thrust his staff into the ground, and rested. By morning, his staff had taken root - leaving a strange oriental thorn bush-the sacred Glastonbury Thorn. For safe keeping, Joseph is said to have buried the Holy Grail just below the Tor at the entrance to the Underworld. Shortly after he had done this, a spring, now know as Chalice Well, flowed forth and the water that emerged brought eternal youth to whosoever would drink it. Intertwining the myths and legends of Glastonbury Abbey's history, it is widely believed that finding The Holy Grail Joseph is said to have hidden was years later the purpose behind the quests of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In 1191, monks at the abbey claimed to have found the graves of Arthur and Guinevere to the south of the Lady Chapel of the Abbey church, which was visited by a number of contemporary historians including Giraldus Cambrensis. The remains were later moved and were lost during the Reformation. Many scholars suspect that this discovery was a pious forgery to substantiate the antiquity of Glastonbury's foundation, and increase its renown. In some Arthurian literature Glastonbury is identified with the legendary island of Avalon. An early Welsh poem links Arthur to the Tor in an account of a confrontation between Arthur and Melwas, who had apparently kidnapped Queen Guinevere. According to some versions of the Arthurian legend, Lancelot retreated to Glastonbury Abbey in penance following the death of Arthur. Joseph is said to have arrived in Glastonbury by boat over the flooded Somerset Levels. On disembarking he stuck his staff into the ground and it flowered miraculously into the Glastonbury Thorn (or Holy Thorn). This is the explanation of a hybrid hawthorn tree that only grows within a few miles of Glastonbury, that flowers twice annually, once in spring and again around Christmas time (depending on the weather). Each year a sprig of thorn is cut, by the local Anglican vicar and the eldest child from St John's School, and sent to the Queen. The original Holy Thorn was a centre of pilgrimage in the Middle Ages but was chopped down during the English Civil War (in legend t	Protestant Cemetery in Rome \| John Keats Grave \| Shelley's Grave \| Rome The Protestant Cemetery in Rome is Commonly Known as the Englishmen’s Cemetery: Graves of John Keats and Joseph Severn The Protestant Cemetery in Rome is officially known as the Cimitero Acattolico or “Non-Catholic Cemetery”. More commonly referred to as the Cimitero degli Inglesi (Englishmen’s Cemetery), it is the final resting place of two famous English poets, John Keats and Percy Shelley. The Protestant Cemetery is not just for Englishmen. It is the burial place for non-Catholics from all nationalities. Amongst its notable burials are Goethe’s son, English writers, Russian painters, German authors, Italian philosophers, American sculptors, etc. The most famous graves in the Protestant Cemetery are those of John Keats and Percy Shelley. Keats was seriously ill with tuberculosis when it was suggested by his doctors that he move to Italy for the warmer climate. His friend Joseph Severn accompanied him on the journey which they made on September 17, 1820. Due to bad weather and quarantine Keats only reached Rome on November 14. He moved into a villa on the Spanish Steps which today is the Keats-Shelley Memorial House museum. Despite care, Keats died on February 23, 1821, three months after arriving in Rome. He was only 25. Keat’s Grave In a quiet corner in the old part of the graveyard is Keats’ grave. Keats had requested that he be placed under a unnamed tombstone which contained only the words, “Here lies one whose name was writ in water.” His friends Severn and Brown who erected the tombstone included the following longer epitaph: This Grave contains all that was Mortal of a YOUNG ENGLISH POET, Who on his Death Bed, in the Bitterness of his Heart at the Malicious Power of his Enemies Desired these Words to be engraven on his Tomb Stone: “Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water” Feb. 24 1821 Grave of Shelley Shelley’s Grave Shelley too died at a young age. On 8 July 1822, just before his 30th birthday, he drowned in a sudden storm while sailing back in his schooner from Livorno to Lerici. He was cremated on the beach near Viareggio and his ashes were interred at the Protestant Cemetery. Joseph Severn who died in 1879 is buried next to Keats grave. The Protestant Cemetery is close to the Pyramid of Cestius and is easy to reach by Metro. Catch the Blue line in the direction of Laurentina and get off at Piramide.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,339	Which Nothern Ireland football club plays its home matches at the Oval?	Glentoran FC \| The Oval \| Football Ground Guide Football Ground Guide Address: Mersey Street, Belfast, BT4 1FG Telephone: 028 9045 6137 Pitch Size: 112 x 72 yards Club Nickname: The Glens Home Kit: Red, Black and Green Looking Towards The Away Terrace Main Stand Looking Towards The Home Terrace External View WHAT IS THE OVAL LIKE? The Oval is located in a residential area of east Belfast, close to Belfast City Airport and the City Centre. Home fans enter the ground through a gateway at the end of Parkside Drive. The car park leads onto the rear of the Main Stand with its club shop, club offices and players dressing rooms on the ground floor. Looking at the main stand from pitch side, this tall but narrow stand dominates the ground. Sitting to the left of the pitch towards the curved (West) end the stand originally had a small paddock area which has now been converted to seats to form a family area, with a low lightweight roof. Above it, raised a couple of metres above pitch level is the steep upper tier seating deck, complete with 2,720 red and green plastic seats. The view from these seats is spectacular, not just of the pitch but the dockyards and Harland and Wolfe shipyard cranes in the foreground and Cave Hill in the far distance. Looking to the right from these seats the home terrace behind the (East) end offers an unrestricted, if a little bit exposed view of the whole ground. Although The Oval is regarded as oval in shape the curve behind the goals is more elliptical rather than a true half circle, and there is no athletics track as the name may suggest so the terracing is not far removed from the action. There is however a tall pitch side fence around three sides of the ground. On the opposite side of the pitch from the Main Stand there is a covered terrace which backs onto the Belfast to Bangor railway line. This stand, which sits on the pitch centre line, has been converted to seating for 2,000 spectators. There are a number of columns at the front of the stand which may impede your view however the low roof keeps the rain out and ensures a good atmosphere. The side wings to the left and right of the stand remain exposed terracing. Looking to the left of the Main Stand, the open terracing behind the West End of the ground mirrors the dimensions and shape of the East End. Because of its location, history and layout The Oval is regarded as something of a classic ground by ground hoppers from outside Northern Ireland. NEW STADIUM The Club have announced that they are to go ahead with the building of a new stadium on the present site of the Oval ground. At a cost of £9.2m a new 8,000 capacity stadium is to be built, which will include 6,000 seats. With funding for the development secured, then it is now only a matter of time before the bulldozers move into to demolish this classic old ground. WHAT IS IT LIKE FOR VISITING SUPPORTERS? Visitors are allocated an enclosed section of the curved West End Terrace behind the goal. Please note that the away section of the terrace is accessed by a separate covered walkway (See ground layout map). The terrace is open to the elements and although there is a tall pitch side fence around this side of the ground the terrace is tall enough to allow spectators to see over the fence and view the whole ground. WHERE TO DRINK? The nearest pubs and shops are in Belmont Road, in the Strandtown area of the city, 5-10 minutes walk from the Parkgate Drive main entrance. Follow Mersey Street away from the ground, over the river. At the end of the road turn left, cross the road and take the next right turn into Pims Avenue. This will lead onto the busy Hollywood Road Continue over the cross road into Belmont Road. BELFAST HOTELS - FIND AND BOOK YOURS AND HELP SUPPORT THIS WEBSITE If you require hotel accommodation in the area then first try a hotel booking service provided by Late Rooms . They offer all types of accommodation to suit all tastes and pockets from; Budget Hotels, Traditional Bed & Breakfast establishments to Five Star Hotels and Serviced Apartments. Plus their booking system	Cork, Ireland World Facts Index > Ireland > Cork Cork's claim of being Ireland's 'real capital' is supported by culture, class, and history, yet the city effortlessly holds onto its country town charm. The second largest city in the Irish Republic, Cork is modern, lively, and attractive, with lots to offer the short- or long-term visitor. The centre of Cork is located on an island between two channels of the Lee River. City Centre Patrick's Street runs through the heart of the city. It offers a host of shopping opportunities and boasts some of Europe's largest retail chains. Oliver Plunkett Street, which runs partly parallel to Patrick's Street, bustles with smaller shops, life and colour. Second-hand books, hand-made chocolates, an infinite array of surprises can be found in the alley-ways and lanes around this central shopping district. Heading west, one comes to the English Market, the culinary heart of Cork, boasting a huge array of fresh local produce, and tantalising international delicacies. Following Patrick's Street eastwards leads to the statue of Father Matthew, much respected founding-father of the Irish Temperance Movement. Tucked off to the left, one finds the Cork Opera House, venue for national and international theatre, opera, and concerts. The Crawford Art Gallery with its impressive collection to suit modern and traditional tastes is to be found here as well. At the other end of Patrick's Street lies the Grand Parade. A visitor might wish to turn left here, past the cheerful greenery of Bishop Lucey Park, and view the impressive Nationalist Monument, or turn right to ramble along the Coal Quay, with its bustling Saturday open-air market, second-hand shops, and enjoy a pint or a coffee in the spacious, gracious Bodega. One block further west lies North Main Street, and the Cork Vision Centre: situated in the historic St Peter's Church, it offers the visitor the opportunity to really get a feel for the city with a magnificent 1:500 scale model of the whole city. Further south is the Triskel Arts Centre, a vibrant cluster of gallery, theatre, and drinking spaces, with a Sushi Bar thrown in for good measure. Further along this stretch one finds the graceful Tudor-styled Beamish & Crawford Brewery, (Cork also boasts the Murphy's Brewery, and the rich, sweet aroma of brewing stout often wafts through the city). Venturing further west, one leaves the inner centre of the city, past corner-shops, and pubs, and toward the Mardyke Walk. This delightful stretch, which has been an institution amongst locals for over a century, leads directly to Fitzgerald Park, a popular family spot in the Summer, but boasting a beautiful array of well kept flora whatever the season. The Cork Public Museum is situated within the park and offers a wealth of information for those interested in local and national history. Defined by the two channels of the Lee, the city centre of Cork has a beauty of its own, easily and best experienced on foot. A stroll along any of the water-ways can be surprising and rewarding, while the island itself invites the visitor to lose their way, yet easily to find it again. North of the City The "North Side" is defined by hills rising up from the river, and toward the city's more hidden charms. Dominating the landscape is St Anne's Church; the lime and sandstone, (two walls built of each), clock tower can be seen from all over the city. For only £2, one can climb the tower to ring the famous Shandon Bells, and savour the spectacular view from the top. Directly below "the bells", is the old Cork Butter Exchange, now home of the intriguing Butter Museum, and the Shandon Craft Centre. The old weighing-house of the Butter Exchange has been transformed into The Firkin Crane Centre, a two stage theatre which is famous for showcasing the best of Irish ballet and contemporary dance. A little further north, one finds the impressive North Cathedral, a triumph of modern design fused with reverent antiquity. Perched on a more western point of the hill, lies the Cork City Gaol; this gloomy nineteenth-century prison w	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,340	Who was the author of the 1992 novel ‘Jurassic Park’?	Amazon.com: Jurassic Park: A Novel (9780345538987): Michael Crichton: Books Michael Crichton Page 1 of 1 Start over Sponsored Products are advertisements for products sold by merchants on Amazon.com. When you click on a Sponsored Product ad, you will be taken to an Amazon detail page where you can learn more about the product and purchase it. To learn more about Amazon Sponsored Products, click here . Saber Tooth (Dawn of Mammals Book 1) Lou Cadle The Age of Giant Mammals. Could you survive it? Can this team of fossil hunters? A "captivating" and "wonderful" adventure begins. The Cardinal's Sin Robert Lane "An exciting reading experience. A beautifully paced and structured mystery; moving and sophisticated. Florida noir at its best." Florida Weekly Marriage Can Be Murder (Dr. Benjamin Bones Mysteries Book 1) Emma Jameson First in a nostalgic cozy mystery series set in 1939 England. Handsome young Dr. Bones moves into a haunted house and must solve a murder. Devastated Lands: Part 1: A Post-Apocalyptic Thriller Bruce Perry Shane and Mikaela try to survive an erupting Mount Rainier's lahars and the resulting chaos and violence. A series debut Amazon short read. Kindle Edition The Gail Force Robert Lane "The plot crackles with energy and suspense. The pace is breakneck, the writing crisp. A consistently entertaining crime thriller." Kirkus Reviews The Sweet Smell of Murder (A Chocolate Centered Cozy Mystery Book 1) Cindy Bell If you like chocolate, a fun murder mystery and lovable pets, you will love this culinary cozy mystery! The Second Letter Robert Lane 2015 Gold Medal Winner of the IBPA's Best New Voice: Fiction "Lane created a winning hero in Jake Travis, funny as a stiletto." Florida Weekly Editorial Reviews Amazon.com Review Unless your species evolved sometime after 1993 when Jurassic Park hit theaters, you're no doubt familiar with this dinosaur-bites-man disaster tale set on an island theme park gone terribly wrong. But if Speilberg's amped-up CGI creation left you longing for more scientific background and ... well, character development, check out the original Michael Crichton novel. Although not his best book (get ahold of sci-fi classic The Andromeda Strain for that), Jurassic Park fills out the film version's kinetic story line with additional scenes, dialogue, and explanations while still maintaining Crichton's trademark thrills-'n'-chills pacing. As ever, the book really is better than the movie. --Paul Hughes --This text refers to the Audio CD edition. Read more From Publishers Weekly Bioengineers clone 15 species of dinosaurs and establish an island preserve where tourists can view the large reptiles; chaos ensues when a rival genetics firm attempts to steal frozen dinosaur embryos, and it's up to two kids, a safari guide and a paleontologist to set things right. PW called this, "A scary, creepy, mesmerizing technothriller with teeth." Copyright 1991 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to the Audio CD edition. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . New York Times best sellers Browse the New York Times best sellers in popular categories like Fiction, Nonfiction, Picture Books and more. See more Product Details Series: Jurassic Park (Book 1) Mass Market Paperback: 464 pages Publisher: Ballantine Books (September 25, 2012) Language: English Shipping Weight: 8.8 ounces ( View shipping rates and policies ) Average Customer Review: By Stephen B. O'Blenis on August 10, 2005 Format: Hardcover Although all three of the "Jurassic Park" movies were visually spectacular, and although Crichton's "Lost World" followup was a good novel, in my opinion you have to go here, to the original "Jurassic Park" novel, to experience the true greatness of this story. Probably just about everybody knows the basic premise - scientists clone dinosaurs to create a massive theme park on a tropical island, and everything goes terribly awry. What may have been forgotten in the years since its initial release is that this is one of the most thrilling,	James Jones’s ‘From Here to Eternity’ Is Uncensored - The New York Times The New York Times Books \|Author’s Heirs Uncensor a Classic War Novel Search Continue reading the main story When the classic novel “From Here to Eternity” was published in 1951, a few things were gone that had been in the original manuscript: explicit mentions of gay sex and a number of four-letter words. The author, James Jones, objected to the changes at the time, arguing in a letter to his editor at Scribner that “the things we change in this book for propriety’s sake will in five years, or ten years, come in someone else’s book anyway.” But eventually he gave in to his publisher. Sixty years later Mr. Jones’s estate has made a deal to reissue a digital version of the book that restores those cuts. The book is still in print. “It’s been on my mind for quite a few years, and the right moment just hadn’t come up yet,” Kaylie Jones, Mr. Jones’s daughter, said in a telephone interview. “My father fought bitterly to hold on to every four-letter word in the manuscript. The publisher was concerned about getting through the censors.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story The novel follows a group of soldiers at an Army post in Hawaii a few months before the attack on Pearl Harbor. Mr. Jones, who died in 1977, drew from his own Army experiences on Oahu for the novel, which won the National Book Award and is frequently cited as one of the best American novels of the 20th century. For the restored version of the book, the estate turned to Open Road Integrated Media, a company that has quickly established itself as a go-to publisher of backlist titles whose digital rights are owned by authors or their estates. Open Road has published backlist books by William Styron, among others, and offers a 50-50 profit share on revenues from the e-book editions. Photo James Jones, author of “From Here to Eternity,” set in Hawaii just before Pearl Harbor. Credit Gjon Mili//Time Life Pictures, via Getty Images Open Road also plans to publish nine other titles by James Jones. One, “To the End of the War,” has never been published in any form. All will be sold on Amazon.com and BN.com , as well as at other retailers, with most titles beginning May 10. Open Road is also producing videos about Mr. Jones’s life and his works, which will be posted online. George Hendrick, an emeritus English professor from the University of Illinois, has written a new afterword for “From Here to Eternity.” The new digital edition, he said, “presents the material even more truthfully than the print edition.” Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up Privacy Policy “The text we have has been read by millions of people, and clearly it has been one of the major novels of the middle- and late-20th century,” Mr. Hendrick said. “But what was left out of the novel because of the editing in 1950 and 1951 left out many of the gritty details.” The novel was turned into a classic movie with one of the most memorable heterosexual sex scenes of all time, a passionate romp on the beach starring Burt Lancaster and Deborah Kerr. Mr. Hendrick said two scenes that had homosexual content were cut from the original version of the book and have been restored in the digital version. In one, a soldier, Pvt. Angelo Maggio (played by Frank Sinatra in the 1953 movie) mentions how he has oral sex with a wealthy man in exchange for $5 or $10 that “comes in handy the middle of the month.” Another deals with a military investigation into possible homosexual activity. Jane Friedman, a former president and chief executive of HarperCollins Publishers, who is a co-founder and chief executive of Open Road, said that republishing Mr. Jones’s books was an example of Open Road’s mission “to bring the greats back to life.” “We feel that so much of what’s in ‘From Here to Eternity’ will start some conversations in the culture,” she said. A version of this article appears in print on April 5, 2011, on Page C1 of the New Yor	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,341	What is the fictional Scottish island setting of the 1973 film The Wicker Man?	The Wicker Man (1973) – Fantastical Fictions Silver Screen Sunday The Wicker Man (1973) Given that it’s the weekend that Hallowe’en falls on, it’s probably a good idea to explore a horror film. I’m not so sure that The Wicker Man falls neatly into that category, but it’s certainly chilling enough to warrant a mention. When police officer Neil Howie arrives on the fictional Scottish island of Summerisle to investigate the case of a missing girl, it is quickly apparent that something is afoot. The islanders deny all knowledge of her, and repeatedly mention the enigmatic Lord Summerisle as the figure of authority that Howie should seek out. Ignoring this, he continues his investigation and observes all manner of strange happenings. After learning that Summerisle’s inhabitants follow a pagan religion, we watch Howie’s growing discontent and disgust with the disrespect that flies in the face of his Christian values. The Wicker Man explores a great number of taboos, and Howie’s exaggerated outrage forces us to be the non-judgmental observer. Given the 1970’s were the height of the ‘sexual revolution’, this might be why this cult classic resonated so well with audiences. The way that the arbitrariness of what is deemed sacred or sacrilege is presented to us makes us question what right Howie has, as an outsider, to intervene in the education of the island’s children and the rituals of its people. And yet we still feel so uncomfortable because of the conspiratorial nature of the missing girl, Rowan. The rituals still feel unnatural because something doesn’t feel right. We sympathise with Howie – the simple, God-fearing man – because he is desperately trying to understand the unknown in the same way that we are. “I think I could turn and live with animals. They are so placid and self-contained. They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins. They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God. Not one of them kneels to another or to his own kind that lived thousands of years ago. Not one of them is respectable or unhappy, all over the earth.” – Lord Summerisle, The Wicker Man (1973) Of course, our suspicions are finally confirmed when we learn that the pagan ritual of sacrifice is to be invoked to stop the crops from failing again next year. Unfortunately for Howie, he is to be the sacrifice, and the seemingly innocent ‘missing’ Rowan is in on the plot too. This is where the line is drawn, and our uncomfortable tolerance becomes frightened anger. A willing sacrifice has the potential to be tolerated, but Howie’s screams of “O God! O Jesus!” as he is led to the eponymous Wicker Man make him an unwilling sacrifice, and make the islanders fanatical murderers. The film’s strength lies in its subversive nature. Within the plot, Christian Britain is subverted by Pagan Summerisle. Sex is celebrated instead of shamed, masks and idols are involved in worship, extravagant rituals are performed jovially rather than somberly. There are few overt horror archetypes – instead of dark Gothic settings of castles and forests, we are given a bright and beautiful Scottish isle. The folk soundtrack to the film is perhaps the most obvious out-of-place element, where a more sinister soundtrack would seem more appropriate. But this subversion does exactly what it is supposed to. It keeps us on-edge, disturbed, confused, and worried for the entirety of the film. With Howie inside, the Wicker Man burns to the hails and songs of the islanders. It cracks and breaks, revealing the setting sun. The credits roll and the folk music plays. But the tension remains, left to dissipate naturally, if it can at all. Share this:	Siol nan Gaidheal - Famous Scots Siol nan Gaidheal Calgacus....Famous Celtic leader in wars against the Romans. Saint Mungo (or Kentigern)....Scottish Saint and missionary. MacBeth....Last Gaelic High King of Alba/Scotland. (unjustly maligned by Shakespeare) William Wallace....The most famous Scottish Freedom fighter against the English. Robert the Bruce....Scotland�s greatest King, victor over the English at Battle of Bannockburn, Scottish Wars of Independence. Abbot Bernard of Linton....Author of the Declaration of Arbroath. Cardinal David Beaton....Archbishop of St. Andrews and Chancellor of Scotland. Henry Sinclair of Orkney....Scottish discoverer of America and thought to be involved in Masonic and Knights Templar lore (keeper of Holy Grail). King James IV....Scottish Renaissance King, established Scottish navy, died at Battle of Flodden, killed by English. Mary Queen of Scots....Scotland�s most romantic but tragic Queen. Killed by English on orders from Elizabeth I of England. John Knox....Reformation revolutionary. James VI of Scotland & Ist of England, The Wisest Fool in Christendom. Strange but effective ruler, commissioned the King James version of The Bible. Marquis of Montrose...Covenanter and Royalist Leader of Highland Armies. Richard Cameron....Republican Covenanter and founder of the �Cameronians�. Viscount (Bonnie) Dundee....Jacobite Highland Army leader, killed at Battle of Killiecrankie. Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun....Scottish Patriot - vehemently opposed Union with England 1707. Rob Roy MacGregor....Jacobite Highland Clan leader. Alexander Selkirk....Model for Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe heard his story when he (Defoe) was in Scotland working as a pro-Union agent for English. Bonnie Prince Charlie....Prince Charles Edward Stuart, true prince of Scotland, and chief Stuart Claimant to the British throne. Participated in the victories won by the mostly Highland Jacobean Army, but finally defeated at the Battle of Culloden, was encouraged to flee and escaped the ensuing slaughter of his followers. Tartan....Banned & proscribed alongside bagpipes etc. in Scotland after the slaughter and near genocide following the Battle of Culloden. 1746-82 David Hume....Scottish Enlightenment Philosopher. Adam Smith....Inventor of Economics and author of �Wealth of Nations�. James Watt....Inventor of Steam Engine. John �Tar� MacAdam....Inventor of Asphalt, road covering. James �Ossian� MacPherson.... Celtic & Highland poet, influenced European Romantic Movement. Robert Burns....Scotlands National Bard . Poetry taught from Edinburgh to China. Sir Walter Scott....Scottish Historical Novelist. Ivanhoe & Waverly etc. Lord Byron...."Mad, bad & dangerous to know". Scottish romantic poet, also revered in Greece as freedom fighter. James Simpson....Scottish Doctor who introduced chloroform into surgery. Robert Louis Stevenson....Scottish Novelist. Author of Treasure Island, Kidnapped and of course Jekyll and Hyde, to name but a few. Alexander Graham Bell....Inventor of the telephone. John Muir....Scottish Environmentalist and famous in America for work as Ecologist. Keir Hardie....First Labour MP and Labour Party Leader. Patrick Geddes....Scottish Scientist and Sociologist. Charles Rennie MacIntosh....Scottish Architect and Designer. James Connolly....Born In Edinburgh, Irish Republican leader. Executed in 1916 by British for his part in the Easter Rising and other Republican activities. Ramsay MacDonald....First Labour Prime Minister of Britain. Sir Alexander Fleming....Inventor of Penicillin. John Logie Baird....Inventor of the Television. Hugh MacDiarmid....Scottish Modernist Poet, Leader of Scottish Renaissance & Cultural Movement. Member of 1320 Club and dedicated Scottish ultra-nationalist. Stan Laurel....Scottish actor, formed half of duo �Laurel & Hardy�. Harry Lauder....Scottish comedian and singer (after a fashion). Sean Connery....Famous Scottish Actor. Original �James Bond 007�, born in Edinburgh and renowned Scottish Nationalist. Billy Connelly....(The Big Yin) Scottish contemporary comedian, actor, musician. R	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,342	"In Turkish language/custom ""teşekkür ederim"" and ""sağ olun"" mean?"	Turkish thank you BING: Turkish - How to say Thank you! Teşekkür ederim Thank you this is used in all normal situations. The reply for teşekkür ederim is Bir şey değil or Rica ederim You are welcome. sağol [familiar] or sağolun [polite] [Lit: Health to you.] equates to thank you but is more sincere than Teşekkür ederim. sen de sağ ol is the response for sağ ol and siz de sağ olun is the reponse to sağ olun. The difference in usage of teşekkür ederim thank you and the more sincere sağ olun stay healthy. sağ ol [familiar] sağ olun [polite and/or singular] sağ olunuz [public and/or plural] A simple teşekkürler also means a very informal thanks and is used in shops and for small duties performed. What are the services being rendered to us? Use sağ olun be healthy, be strong is used as thank you for a service which: A - Did necessarily needed to be performed. B - For someone who has gone out of his way to help you. Many tourists use sağ olun wrongly instead of using teşekkür ederim. They copy the boy waiter's way of thanking as the waiters often use sağ olun for misguided effect. The rule is: if in doubt then use teşekkür ederim. Turkish "thank you" Scenarios. The waiter puts a nice meal in front of you. Your thank you is teşekkür ederim it is his job. The waiter puts a bottle of wine in front of you. Your thank you is teşekkür ederim it is his job. Then the waiter uncorks the bottle of wine and pours it in your glass. Your thank you is sağ olun he need not have performed this service. You ask someone the time. He looks at his watch and says "Half past three". Your answer is sağ olun [You have caused him to perform a service to you.] You drop your handkerchief a stranger picks it up and hand it to you. Your answer is sağ olun [He need not have done it.] Turkish answer to "thank you" The answer to teşekkür ederim is bir şey değil It is nothing or rica ederim I request! [same as "bitte schön" in German] Also used is ne demek? what does it mean?. This expression ne demek? sounds quite comical in English. But it actually means something like: It doesn't matter at all. The answer Rica ederim is the politest one. The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your sen sağol with the rejoinder sen de sağol health to you too. Other forms are sen de sağ ol or quite short siz de or sen de you too Turkish Be happy! Gözün aydın [familiar/singular] or Gözünüz aydın [polite/plural] [LIT: "May your eyes shine."] When something which the speaker longing for comes true, he tells the others about it. Their response is Gözün(üz) aydın Your eyes shine to the speaker. The expression indicates that the others share the speaker's happiness, and that they are also happy about it. The reply for Gözünüz aydın is Teşekkür ederim Hayırlı olsun Let it be with goodness Used when someone opens a shop or starts a new business, others say Hayırlı olsun to him. The expression indicates the speaker's wish that the new business will bring him prosperity, and it will be profitable. The reply for Hayırlı olsun is Teşekkür ederim Güle güle kullan/kullanın Use it with a smile. When someone buys a thing, such as a new clothes, shoes or a car his friends say Güle güle kullan / kullanın This indicates the speaker's wish that use it with joy. Sometimes Hayırlı olsun is said in such condition. The reply for both expressions is Teşekkür ederim. A caveat "take care..." Many people when first learning Turkish are tempted to use the present continuous tense: teşekkür ediyorum. This form sounds quite comical to the Turkish ear and can also be construed as being sarcastic. Always use the present simple tense teşekkür ederim and you will not go wrong or be misunderstood. Turkish Daily Talk İyi akşamlar Good evening İyi geceler Good night In English the expressions Good evening and Good night are singular. In Turkish they are plural [as is the Spanish Buenos Dias.] Turkish Hello Merhaba Hello!, Hi! Merhaba corresponds to Hello!, Hi! in English. Its usage is identical in either language. The reply for Merhaba is Merhaba Merhaba is not used for Hello! on	Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) Délégation Permanente de Turquie auprès de l'UNESCO State, Province or Region: Coordinates: 38026’05’’-39008’30’’N; 33006’53’’-33044’49’’E Ref.: 5824 Word File Disclaimer The Secretariat of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Heritage Centre do not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information or documentation provided by the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to the Secretariat of UNESCO or to the World Heritage Centre. The publication of any such advice, opinion, statement or other information documentation on the World Heritage Centre’s website and/or on working documents also does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNESCO or of the World Heritage Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party Description The Lake Tuz SEPA was declared by the Decision of Cabinet of Ministers numbered 2000/1381 dated 14.09.2000. The Lake Tuz protected area is within the borders of three provinces namely, Ankara, Konya, and Aksaray. The Lake Tuz is the second largest lake in Turkey after Lake Van which is mainly fed by undergroundwater. Being a tectonic originated site, the area is located in a closed large basin called Konya basin. On the average, the depth of Lake Tuz is below 0.5 m., surrounded by Kızılırmak (East), Obruk (South), Cihanbeyli (West), Haymana (North) plateaus. The area is poor in inflowing rivers due to its location in the least rain fall receiving part of the country. The surface area of the lake reaches to 164 200 Ha in spring. The altitude of the lake is 905 m. In summer, dry period dominates which results in the formation of a salt layer about 30 cm by means of excessive evaporation in the lake. It is one of the most salty lakes of the world as the density of water equals to 1-22.5 cm /g, i.e. salt ratio of 32.4%.This feature brings an economic value as well, of which 70% of salt used in Turkey is produced from Lake Salt. The surface of the edges of the lake looks like an empty planet in which many visitors can perceive some oasis on the horizon. Over there a white layer covering the steppe plants mimics some sculpture shapes of the fine arts in nature. Justification of Outstanding Universal Value Countless number of waterfowl bird species nesting and wintering in its large habitats over the lake and the surrounding terrestrial parts including small islets, and swamps, particularly for flamingos endangered in Europe, Phoenicopterus ruber, breeding colonies reach the size of 5 to 6 000 nesting places. The Lake Tuz protected area in Turkey is amongst the most saline lakes in the world following Dead Sea, while representing the richest and intact halophytic steppe vegetation in Europe, more diverse and valuable biodiversity representing one of the most outstanding halophytic steppe plant sociological characteristics pattern dispersed on an extremely large area on the earth. The area holds a main genetic source for animal and probably human nutrition for future as it inhabits many important crop wild relatives. In addition, the site is also one of the best habitat to explore crop genetic sources of crop relatives for genes used in developing salt resistance varieties in many domesticated plants., It is expected that dry and other similar harsh conditions will be more abundant in future due to climate chance to be faced by all humanity. Lake Tuz in Turkey serves as being one of the major wintering habitats on the migratory pathways of very important waterfowls for large populations by its large, calm surface areas. The arid and salty extreme ecological conditions of Lake Tuz SEPA provide very rich plant biodiversity at community, and alliance levels from the viewpo	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,343	Which newspaper editor was played by Peter Capaldi in the film The Fifth Estate?	The Fifth Estate: Toronto 2013 - first look review \| Film \| The Guardian First look review The Fifth Estate: Toronto 2013 - first look review 3 / 5 stars Benedict Cumberbatch shines as Julian Assange in Bill Condon's over-ambitious take on WikiLeaks, which opens this year's Toronto film festival Friday 6 September 2013 01.41 EDT First published on Friday 6 September 2013 01.41 EDT Share on Messenger Close For an employee of the Guardian, particularly one with jetlag, Bill Condon's WikiLeaks thriller can seem more hallucination than movie. An account of the ascent of Julian Assange and his collaboration with this newspaper (among others) in the publication of classified documents, it plays like one of those dreams in which your office looks normal enough from the outside, but step within and everything's subtly different. It's more Scandinavian, somehow; with car park pillars and glass walls to which people attach crucial bits of paper, as on Crimewatch. The editor has developed a sudden taste for shagpile rugs. And why did you never notice the deputy is a dead spit for the dishy one on Downton Abbey? Such tweaks will not get an artistic licence revoked. In fact, in adapting both a book on the affair by Guardian journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding, as well as tech activist Daniel Domscheit-Berg's account of working for Assange, The Fifth Estate is a project in whose sources one can place considerable faith. Certainly, Condon does. At times it can feel he's risked coherence for chronology, giving us his own surfeit of data without offering sufficient kit with which we can sift it. The plot tracks Assange from the time he recruited Domscheit-Berg, through early online celebrity, before his meeting with Guardian investigative reporter Nick Davies ( David Thewlis ), who, in consultation with editor Alan Rusbridger ( Peter Capaldi ) and deputy Ian Katz (Dan Stevens), began working with Assange towards a coordinated launch of hundreds of thousands of secret diplomatic cables and war reports. The timeline bumps a bit, but still pushes forward confidently, with our hacker heroes forever arriving in a new city, before some fresh turn of events requires them to slam shut their laptops and rush off again. The template is David Fincher's The Social Network , which took the creation of Facebook and turned it into the character study of a neurotic loner with the world at his fingertips. Both films go big with the swishy visuals, this one deploying a bombardment of text and newsreel to suggest the morass of info, plus flight map-style graphics illustrating its flood across the globe. Both films are eager to show that computing is an arena for creative genius, with much clacking on laptops like Steinways. Both also suffer from the problem that watching someone type isn't, after a while, that exciting. Condon further ups the dramatic ante with Lynchian visualisations of Domscheit-Berg's inner life, plus a lot of techno. And both films choose as their key arc the relationship between men most closely associated with the site's inception. But while The Social Network kept the focus on the anti-hero, relegating Eduardo Saverin's role to support, this one bumps up the best friend to a lead, overestimating our interest in Domscheit-Berg's lovelife. Not that the film is really that interested either. At heart, The Fifth Estate is a good, old-fashioned bromance – Assange even gets to meet the parents (spoiler: it doesn't go well). As for Cumberbatch, he's both the asset and the slight undoing; so magnetic as to render hopes of a two-hander redundant. It's a virtuoso impersonation, from the deep drawl to louche geek twitches. Suited, he could pass for Nick Cave after a night or two in the fridge. Mostly, though, this Assange is as extraterrestrial as Cumberbatch's Khan in last year's Star Trek , a lip-smacking vampire typing through the night. From a distance, he looks like a lizardy angel, courageously saving the world; close up he squints and snuffles like a bleached, greasy mouse. Introducing the film last night, Condon said he wanted to	Hebburn characters - British Comedy Guide Newspaper Editor. Played by: Chris Ramsey The son. He starts things and never finishes them, gets into all kinds of situations, "a walking disaster zone", but loveable and almost naïve in his view of the world. Jack loves his sister, although their relationship can be a little strained; meanwhile, he has pursued his dreams by becoming a journalist in Manchester, and has ambitions to write books and be a huge success. Sometimes a little too impetuous and ambitious for his own good, Jack's nevertheless utterly honest, loving and loyal to his family and to Sarah, who he met in Manchester and married on impulse in Las Vegas. Having had his dreams of publishing a major football biography dashed, Jack's reluctantly found himself Editor (and sole reporter) of the tiny local paper, the Hebburn Advertiser. He wouldn't have taken it if Sarah hadn't fallen pregnant... Sarah Pearson Played by: Kimberley Nixon The wife. Middle class, from York and Jewish, Sarah is the clever half of the couple. She's studying a PhD in Psychology, looking forward to a successful career in academia and is hoping that her Jack's writing will take off so they can settle down, buy a house and live the dream. Pregnant with their first child, she's suffering dreadfully from hormonal mood swings, and growing ever-more frustrated with not having any space, peace or privacy. Jack seems to have lost all his drive, and it's not gone un-noticed. It'd be fair to say that Hebburn did not initially feature in her plans, but Sarah's not a snob and is really relieved that Jack's family like her. It's a pity that the same cannot be said of her argumentative, snooty, forthright mother... Joe Pearson Played by: Vic Reeves (as Jim Moir) The father, the patriach of the family, strong and silent, great in a crisis, with a dry, almost cutting sense of humour. A big man with a big heart, capable of huge moments of generosity, while refusing to spend any money at all on himself. Joe has worked in the Merchant Navy all his life and has often been away from home for six months at a time, but after a massive stroke he's now back in the family home for good; while there's never anything but love between him and Pauline, it's an added pressure on the Pearsons. Pauline Pearson Estate Agent. Played by: Gina McKee The mother. Daft but not stupid, wise but not sensible, her entire focus is her family and getting them forward in life. In raising her children Pauline has always tried the best for them and in moments of darkness will always "cope". Sometimes by saying the wrong thing, but she will always cope. She is a homemaker at heart and loves looking after her children even though they are now fully grown adults. Following Joe's stroke, Pauline's had to make a big change in her own life by becoming the breadwinner: she's got a job as an estate agent. Trouble is, she's really just a bit too honest! Vicki Florist. Played by: Lisa McGrillis The daughter. Headstrong but with a good heart, Vicki lurches from moments of the desire to fit in, to the realisation she is her own person. She thinks Jack is a "waster" and they bicker constantly, but she loves Sarah and almost instantly seems to feel closer to her than she does to long-term best friend Denise. Jack describes his sister, who idolises Cheryl Cole , as as a "loveable slapper": her somewhat brash, northern manner can disarm, but it's a thin covering over a fairly typical girly-girl. On-off boyfriend Gervaise keeps breaking her heart, but she still loves him. However, having been more than content with a simple life as the girlfriend of a pub singer apparently on the up, she's inspired by Sarah to strive in life, and join the local college: "There's a whole world out there, and I'm gonna learn the shite out of it." Dot Played by: Pat Dunn Joe's mam, Granny Dot, is the matriarch of the Pearson family. She thinks she controls the family despite a long spell in retirement home exile. Dot is desperate to join in the conversation and is thrilled at Sarah's introduction to the family. She also	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,344	"What was reported as being from ancient Greece by authors Lynn and Gray Poole in their ""History of the Ancient Games"", after they saw it carved on a stone when visiting Delphi In the 1950s?"	WHY ARE THERE 5 COLORS IN OLYMPIC FLAG WITH WHITE BACKROUND \| eBay March 19, 2014 Why there is 5 colors to the Olympics with the white backround; The primary symbol of the Olympic Games is composed of five interlocking rings, colored blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field, known as the "Olympic rings." The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, co-founder of the modern Olympic Games. According to Coubertin, the ring colors with the white background stand for those colors that appeared on all the national flags that competed in the Olympic games at that time. Upon its initial introduction, Coubertin stated the following in the August, 1912 edition of Olympique:[full citation needed] "...the six colors [including the flag’s white background] thus combined reproduce the colors of all the nations, with no exception. The blue and yellow of Sweden, the blue and white of Greece, the tri- colors of France, England and America, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Hungary, the yellow and red of Spain next to the novelties of Brazil or Australia, with old Japan and new China. Here is truly an international symbol." In his article published in the "Olympic Revue" the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee in November 1992, the American historian Robert Barney explains that the idea of the interlaced rings came to Pierre de Coubertin when he was in charge of the USFSA, an association founded by the union of two French sports associations and until 1925, responsible for representing the International Olympic Committee in France: The emblem of the union was two interlaced rings (like the vesica piscis typical interlaced marriage rings) and originally the idea of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung: for him, the ring symbolized continuity and the human being.[4] The 1914 Congress had to be suspended because of the outbreak of World War I, but the symbol and flag were later adopted. They would first officially debut at the Games of the VII Olympiad in Antwerp, Belgium in 1920.[5] The symbol's popularity and widespread use began during the lead-up to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Carl Diem, president of the Organizing Committee of the 1936 Summer Olympics, wanted to hold a torchbearers' ceremony in the stadium at Delphi, site of the famous oracle, where the Pythian Games were also held. For this reason he ordered construction of a milestone with the Olympic rings carved in the sides, and that a torchbearer should carry the flame along with an escort of three others from there to Berlin. The ceremony was celebrated but the stone was never removed. Later, two British authors Lynn and Gray Poole when visiting Delphi in the late 1950s saw the stone and reported in their "History of the Ancient Games" that the Olympic rings design came from ancient Greece. This has become known as "Carl Diem's Stone".[6] This created a myth that the symbol had an ancient Greek origin. The rings would subsequently be featured prominently in Nazi images in 1936 as part of an effort to glorify the Third Reich.[7] The current view of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is that the symbol "reinforces the idea" that the Olympic Movement is international and welcomes all countries of the world to join.[8] As can be read in the Olympic Charter, the Olympic symbol represents the union of the five regions of the world and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. However, no continent is represented by any specific ring. Prior to 1951, the official handbook stated that each color corresponded to a particular continent: blue for Europe, yellow for Asia, black for Africa, green for Australia and Oceania and red for the Americas; this was removed because there was no evidence that Coubertin had intended it (the quote above was probably an afterthought Tags:	1100-1199 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. 1100-1199 Which city does the statue of Jesus Christ, better known as Christ the Redeemer, overlook? Rio de Janeiro In an all-black cast, who played the role of Brick in the 2008 revival of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof"? Terrence Howard Advertisement ) What term describes the purchase of securities with borrowed money using the shares themselves as collateral? Buying on Margin In the sequence of presidential succession, who is next in line after the vice president? Speaker of the House Created by Ruth Handler, which 12-inch follower of fashion has been every girl's best friend since 1959? Barbie For which film did Kathy Bates win an Oscar in 1991? Misery Which country is home of port wine? Portugal The Mediterranean island of Cyprus is geographically part of which continent? Asia Which city was hit by the second American atomic bomb in 1945? Nagasaki What does a person with mythomania tend to? Tell lies What is the latin term for the science of languages? Linguistics Which Agatha Christie's fictional characters is the only one to have been given an obituary in the N.Y. Times? Hercule Poriot Guns N' Roses guitarist Saul Hudson is better known by what name? Slash Which land animal species lives the longest? Turtle Which militant Lebanese political group sparked a 2007 attack after capturing two Israeli soldiers? Hezbollah How many calories equal 42 Joules: about 1, 10 or 42? Ten Jumping and dressage are events in which Olympic competition? Equestrian What message delivery system did U.S. computer technician Raymond Tomlinson invent at the beginning of the 1970's? E-mail What is the gesture of submission, originating in imperial China, in which you kneel and touch the ground with your forehead? Kowtow On what sitcom did John Larroquette win three straight Best Supporting Actor Emmy Awards? Night Court What is the most distinctive exterior feature on a Russian Orthodox church? The Onion Dome Which 1957 Broadway musical is loosely based on Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"? West Side Story What is the name for the valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings? Price Earning Ratio What country issues gold coins called Krugerrands? South Africa In the 1960s, IBM designed a new typing head to reduce jams in typewriters. What shape was it? A ball Who directed "The Color Purple" in 1985? Steven Speilberg What does an oenologist specialize in? Wine What dam created Lake Mead, the largest man-made reservoir in the U.S.? Hoover Dam Named after the city where they signed the pact in 1955, where did eight eastern European states agree to form a political alliance? Warsaw What part of the body is affected by a swelling known as a periodontal disease? Gums Which Polynesian word means "forbidden"? Taboo Which novel by J.D. Salinger that is still controversial today features Holden Caulfield as the protagonist? The Catcher in the Rye According to the classic Van Morrison song, who "comes around here bout mid-night?" Gloria What is a tapaculo: a fish, a rodent or a bird? A bird Who did Hugo Chavez refer to as "the devil" in a 2006 speech to the UN General Assembly? George W. Bush Which temperature scale has its absolute zero at minus 273.15 degrees Celsius? Kelvin In which chess move are the rook and the king used at the same time? Castling Which frequency band uses the abbreviation "U.H.F." Ultra High Frequency In which country did T'ai Chi originate? China What character on NCIS is commonly referred to as "Ducky"? Dr. Mallard By what name is the collection of Egyptian tombs across the Nile from Luxor better known? Valley of the Kings "Les Miserables" is a musical based on a novel by which writer? Victor Hugo What term describes the simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset in order to profit from a difference in price? Arbitrage (riskless profit) What president extended a "Good Neighbor Policy" to countries in South America, Central America and the Carribean? Franklin Delano Roose	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,345	Forensic anthropologist Temperance Brennan appears in the novels of which crime-writer?	Forensic crime writer Kathy Reichs pens episode of TV show ‘Bones’ \| Toronto Star Television Forensic crime writer Kathy Reichs pens episode of TV show ‘Bones’ Forensic crime writer Kathy Reichs has written her first episode for the TV series Bones which is inspired by her novels. Author Kathy Reichs, seen here from the book jacket of her novel Cross Bones, has written her first episode for the hit TV series, Bones. The show was inspired by her forensic crime novels. (EI Scan) By Bill Brioux Quick: Name the hit American TV show developed in a lab in Quebec. The show is Bones , and author Kathy Reichs based Temperance Brennan — the heroine of her crime novels which inspired the TV series — on her own experiences as a Montreal-based forensic anthropologist. Reichs’ 13th Temperance Brennan novel, Spider Bones, comes out in August but the first episode she’s ever written for the series, ``The Witch and the Wardrobe,’’ airs May 5 in Canada on Global and airs May 6 on Fox in the U.S. The show, which stars Emily Deschanel as forensic anthropologist Temperance (Bones) Brennan and David Boreanaz as FBI special agent Seeley Booth, is a Top 20 hit in Canada, ranking 12th overall the week of April 19-26 with close to 1.7 million viewers according to preliminary audience data from BBM Canada. Article Continued Below Many fans watch Bones for the opposites-attract chemistry between the two leads, but it was the forensic science setting that provided the initial, and unusual, spark. For 20 years, Reichs has been working as a forensic anthropologist at the Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale for the province of Quebec. In a recent conference call, the Chicago native talked about how she first came to Montreal. A professor of anthropology at the University of North Carolina, Reichs got word of a one-year exchange program offered by the Montreal universities of McGill and Concordia. Having just completed a French course, she jumped at the offer. While she was teaching in Quebec, the Laboratoire de sciences was seeking someone who was board-certified in forensic anthropology and could also speak French. “They had a pool of one candidate,” says Reichs, “and that was me.” When her exchange year was up, Reichs went back to North Carolina and worked out a deal with UNC where she would commute one week of every six to Montreal. “I’ve been doing that ever since 1990,” she says. Reichs is frequently called upon to be an expert witness in forensic evidence in cases on both sides of the border and beyond. She has testified before the UN Tribunal on Genocide in Rwanda and done forensic work at Ground Zero at the site of the World Trade Center in New York. When it comes to forensic evidence, there’s not much difference between Canada and the U.S., she says. “In Canada, when I give evidence, I have to stand up.” Reichs acknowledges that forensic teams were pretty much “deep background” on TV shows when she first started writing her Temperance Brennan books in the early’90s. There was Jack Klugman as Quincy, a gruff TV coroner in the ’80s, but even he operated mainly on footwork and intuition, says Reichs. “My colleagues, we don’t know how we all of a sudden became hot and sexy,” she says. Reichs submitted her first novel — based on her forensic crime lab experiences — in 1996 and figures it was the O.J. Simpson trial that really kick-started general interest in the gory details. “People listened to that stuff 24/7,” she says. “Blood spatter patterns and DNA angles, stab wounds and trajectory.” On television, it helped that the CSI crime lab franchise had already become a world-wide hit when Fox launched the more romantically driven Bones in 2005. Reichs’ episode, “The Witch in the Wardrobe,” finds Booth and Brennan investigating a cabin in the woods where two bodies — one a modern-day witch and one from the days of the Salem Witch Trials — send the investigative team into the world of Wicca in order to catch a killer. Reichs, who was born in 1950, says writing for television is a very different process than the solitary act	Agatha Christie / Bibliography - TV Tropes The Mysterious Affair at Styles (1920). First novel by Christie. First appearances for Hercule Poirot , Arthur Hastings, and Inspector Japp. The Secret Adversary (1922). The first of Christie's spy thriller novels. First appearances for Thomas "Tommy" Beresford, Prudence "Tuppence" Cowley , and their sidekick Albert Batt. There is a crossover of sorts with the Hercule Poirot series, as the calling card of Inspector Japp appears in a brief scene. The Murder on the Links (1923). Second Hercule Poirot novel. Also features Arthur Hastings. First appearance of Dulcie Duveen, nicknamed "Cinderella" or "Cinders". She is mentioned in later novels as Hastings' wife. Poirot Investigates (1924). A collection of short stories featuring Hercule Poirot and Arthur Hastings. The British version featured 11 stories, the American version 14 stories. All had previously been published in magazines. ''The Adventure of The Western Star". First published in December, 1923. ''The Tragedy at Marsdon Manor". First published in April, 1923. ''The Adventure of the Cheap Flat". First published in May, 1923. Also features Inspector Japp. ''The Mystery of Hunter's Lodge". First published in May, 1923. Also features Inspector Japp. ''The Million Dollar Bond Robbery". First published in May, 1923. ''The Adventure of the Egyptian Tomb". First published in September, 1923. ''The Jewel Robbery at the Grand Metropolitan". First published in March, 1923. ''The Kidnapped Prime Minister". First published in April, 1923. Also features Inspector Japp. ''The Disappearance of Mr. Davenheim". First published in March, 1923. Also features Inspector Japp. ''The Adventure of the Italian Nobleman". First published in October, 1923. Also features Inspector Japp. ''The Case of the Missing Will". First published in October, 1923. ''The Veiled Lady". First published in October, 1923. Also features Inspector Japp. ''The Lost Mine". First published in November, 1923. ''The Chocolate Box". First published in May, 1923. The Man in the Brown Suit (1924). Christie's second spy thriller novel. The protagonist is Anne Beddingfield, an Amateur Sleuth . Other major characters are Sir Eustace Pedler, MP, and Colonel Race of the Secret Service . Anne and Eustace also serve as narrators of several chapters. The novel is notable as one of the narrators turns out to be the villainous mastermind, a first for Christie. The Road of Dreams (1925). A collection of poems. Three of them had previously appeared in magazines: World Hymn, Dark Sheila, and A Passing. All three published back in 1919. The rest were written over several years, but had never seen publication. The book was divided in four sections: A Masque from Italy. Ten poems covering themes from the Commedia dell'Arte . The dominant figure here is Harlequin, making the poems precursors to Christie's short stories featuring Mr. Harley Quinn. Ballads. Seven poems, mostly with a Chivalric Romance theme. Dreams and Fantasies. Seven poems, with a theme of a dreamlike state of mind. Several of the "dreams" seem to actually be nightmares. Other Poems. Eleven poems with no thematic connections. The Secret of Chimneys (1925). A comedy-thriller novel. The protagonist is Anthony Cade, a young adventurer who is currently broke. He is hired to delivered a package from Bulawayo (a city in Zimbabwe) to London, and accidentally gets involved in international intrigue. Other important characters include amateur sleuths Virginia Revel, Lady Eileen "Bundle" Brent, and Bill Eversleigh. First appearance for Superintendent Battle of Scotland Yard. The Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926). Third Hercule Poirot novel. First appearances for narrator Dr. James Sheppard, and his spinster sister Caroline Sheppard. Caroline is considered to be the main inspiration and prototype for Miss Marple . This novel made Christie famous due to its use of the Unreliable Narrator device. The Big Four (1927). Fourth Hercule Poirot novel. Also features Arthur Hastings, Inspector Japp, and Countess Vera Rossakoff . Unusually for this seri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,346	What was the first Australian city to host the Olympic games?	Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 \| australia.gov.au Sydney Olympic Games, 2000 The exceptionally well-organised Sydney Games were a true celebration of Olympic values and sporting excellence. Olympic Committee The Sydney Olympic Games were held from 15 September to 1 October 2000. Sydney was awarded the right to host the 2000 Olympic Games in 1993. It was the second time that an Australian city had hosted the Olympic Games, the first being in Melbourne in 1956. The first Olympic Games of the modern era were held in Athens in 1896 following the founding of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. The Olympics began in Greece about 3,500 years ago but were discontinued in 393 AD. In 1887, Baron Pierre de Coubertin came up with the idea of reviving the Olympics. At the Sydney 2000 Olympics there were 199 competing countries and four individual athletes from East Timor who marched in the parade of nations. There were 10,651 athletes (4,069 women, 6,582 men). There were 300 events. One of the extraordinary characteristics of the Sydney Olympics was the number of volunteers, 46,967, which had grown from an original group of 500, honoured in a parade through the city after the games. The extent of interest world-wide in the Olympics is reflected in the 16,033 accredited media people (5,298 written press, 10,735 broadcasters). Highlights – 100 years of women's participation Cathy Freeman wins gold in the 400m. Image courtesy of the ABC. Sydney 2000 celebrated 100 years of women's participation in the Olympic Games. The Triathlon made its Olympic debut with the women's race as the first event. Brigitte McMahon of Switzerland swam, cycled and ran to win gold and beat the favoured Australian athlete Michelie Jones who won silver. McMahon only passed Jones in sight of the finish line. Taekwondo was another new addition to the Olympic programme. Australian Lauren Burns, won gold in taekwondo, women's -49kg. Roared on by home fans, Burns surged ahead to 4-2 in the second round after being tied at the end of first round. Susanthika Jayasinghe became the first Sri Lankan woman to win a medal, claiming bronze in the 200m, whilst Birgit Fischer of Germany earned two gold medals in kayaking to become the first woman in any sport to win medals 20 years apart, having won gold at the Moscow, Barcelona and Atlanta Olympic Games. Women also took part in weightlifting and the modern pentathlon for the very first time. Australian Maria Pekli, won silver in judo for the women's 57kg. Other Australian women gold medal winners included Natalie Cook and Kerri Pottharst for beach volleyball, and Jenny Armstrong and Belinda Stowell for sailing, in the women's 470 class. The Australian women's hockey, softball and water polo teams also showed their excellence in winning gold. Opening ceremony and Olympic Flame Sydney 200 opening ceremony. Image courtesy of the ABC. The opening ceremony began with a tribute to Australian culture, history and identity with over 120 Australian stock horses stepping out, paying tribute to Australian stockmen. Performances that followed included references to the arrival of the First Fleet, immigration and rural industry as well as a large display of lawnmowers and an Australian Hill's hoist clothes line representing domestic life and ingenuity. Music and performance highlights of the opening were two hundred (200) Indigenous women from Central Australia dancing to cleanse and protect the Games and hundreds of tap-dancing teenagers. Olivia Newton-John and John Farnham sang the duet 'Dare to Dream' while walking among the athletes. Torres Strait Islander Christine Anu sang 'My Island Home' and the Australian National Anthem was sung by the boy band Human Nature with the second verse sung by Julie Anthony. The games were opened by the Australian Governor-General Sir William Deane with the Olympic Flag carried around the arena by eight former Australian Olympic champions: Bill Roycroft, Murray Rose, Liane Tooth, Gillian Rolton, Marjorie Jackson, Lorraine Crapp, Michael Wenden and Nick Green. Cathy Freeman lighting the Olympic Fla	Category:Goodwill Games \| Gymnastics Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Talk0 The Goodwill Games was an international sports competition, created by Ted Turner in reaction to the political troubles surrounding the Olympic Games of the 1980s. In 1979, the invasion of Afghanistan caused the United States and other Western countries to boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, an act reciprocated when the Soviet and other Eastern Bloc countries (with the exception of Romania) boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The first Games, held in Moscow in 1986, featured 182 events and attracted over 3,000 athletes representing 79 countries. World records were set by Sergey Bubka (pole vault), Jackie Joyner-Kersee (heptathlon), and both the men and women's 200 m cycle racing, by East Germany's Michael Hübner and the Soviet Union's Erika Salumäe, respectively. World records also fell at the 1990 Games in Seattle, to Mike Barrowman in the 200 m breaststroke and Nadezhda Ryashkina in the 10 km walk. The 1994 Games were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the first competition since the Soviet Union had been replaced by fifteen independent republics. Russians set five world records in the weightlifting section, and the games were the first major international event to feature beach volleyball, which would appear at the Olympics for the first time at the 1996 Atlanta Games. Ted Turner's last games were in 1998 in New York City, with memorable highlights including Joyner-Kersee winning her fourth straight heptathlon title, and the U.S. 4x400m relay team setting a world's best time. The games were bought from Ted Turner by Time Warner in 1996 when Time Warner acquired his company, the Turner Broadcasting System. Time Warner organized the 2001 Games in Brisbane, Australia, before announcing that this would be the last edition of the games. The 2001 edition witnessed Australia win the most medals with 75, but it received very low television ratings in the United States. Nevertheless, critics praised Turner Network Television for showing the games live, rather than on tape delay. During a live interview at the 2009 Denver SportAccord conference, Turner blamed the demise of the games, as how he described,the short-sighted management of Time Warner, and stated that "If I'd have stayed there the Goodwill Games would not have been canceled." Turner expressed hope that the games would return, as a bridge to restore cultural contact between Russia and America, stating that the relationship between the two had steadily disintegrated since the Cold War, which he called a dangerous situation due to both countries' massive nuclear arsenals. He also reiterated his belief in the power of international sporting competitions to prevent war, stating that "as long as the Olympics are taking place and not being boycotted, it's virtually impossible to have a world war", because the nations involved "wouldn't want a war to mess up their chances".	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,347	In which play by Shakespeare does the character 'Sir Andrew Aguecheek' appear?	Sir Andrew Aguecheek in Twelfth Night: Character Traits & Analysis \| Study.com Sir Andrew Aguecheek in Twelfth Night: Character Traits & Analysis Watch short & fun videos Start Your Free Trial Today Instructor: Kaitlin Oglesby Add to Add to Add to Want to watch this again later? Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Custom Courses are courses that you create from Study.com lessons. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access quizzes and exams, and share content. Teachers Organize and share selected lessons with your class. Make planning easier by creating your own custom course. Students Create a new course from any lesson page or your dashboard. From any lesson page: Click "Add to" located below the video player and follow the prompts to name your course and save your lesson. From your dashboard: Click on the "Custom Courses" tab, then click "Create course". Next, go to any lesson page and begin adding lessons. Edit your Custom Course directly from your dashboard. Personalize: Name your Custom Course and add an optional description or learning objective. Organize: Create chapters to group lesson within your course. Remove and reorder chapters and lessons at any time. Share your Custom Course or assign lessons and chapters. Teacher Edition: Share or assign lessons and chapters by clicking the "Teacher" tab on the lesson or chapter page you want to assign. Students' quiz scores and video views will be trackable in your "Teacher" tab. Premium Edition: You can share your Custom Course by copying and pasting the course URL. Only Study.com members will be able to access the entire course. Like this lesson Share Sir Andrew Aguecheek is a supporting character in William Shakespeare's comedic play, 'Twelfth Night.' While Sir Andrew is primarily a humorous presence, some of his less desirable character traits do emerge and bring him grief. Read the lesson, then test yourself with the quiz! Poor Little Rich Boy Did you ever have a friend at school who bragged about their new car, designer clothes, new video games, or the cool places that their parents took them on vacation? Chances are this is the same person that at a young age had their own credit card. Sure, it was fun having them around to pay for things, but at the same time, maybe you felt kind of badly for them for essentially having to buy their friends? Well, this kind of friend isn't a new phenomenon -- Shakespeare was writing about this exact type of person hundreds of years ago. Just look at one of his more pathetic comedic characters, Sir Andrew Aguecheek. Sir Andrew is a friend of Sir Toby Belch, the uncle of Lady Olivia in Shakespeare's comedic play, Twelfth Night. Sir Andrew is known as a dunce, and he follows Sir Toby around. He is at Lady Olivia's home to court her and doesn't have much success in that regard. Sir Andrew is a comedic character, and he takes part in an elaborate joke on Malvolio, Olivia's steward. However, in the end, Sir Andrew is left alone, without the girl, and missing some of his precious money. I bet this makes you feel even worse about your wealthy friend, but maybe not enough to pay for your own popcorn at the movies. Character Traits Sir Andrew arrives at Lady Olivia's house with Sir Toby, ready to court and woo her. This plan immediately runs into a snag, specifically that Olivia does not want to see anyone, as she is in mourning for her father and her brother. Sir Andrew appears from the start to not be the brightest of fellows, and he immediately begins drinking and acting badly with Sir Toby, who appears to be using him at times. Sir Andrew joins Feste the clown, Maria, and Sir Toby in playing a joke on Malvolio that is a significant subplot in the play. They trick Malvolio into believing that Olivia is leaving him messages of love, causing Malvolio to look foolish in front of Olivia. This does not improve Sir Andrew's chances with Olivia, however. In fact, she has been busy falling in love with Cesario, who is actually Viola in disguise! This infuriates Sir	What Shall Shakespeare Say Today: Titus Andronicus - Excess and Logic Titus Andronicus - Excess and Logic Posted by Shakespeare girl Demetrius. She is a woman, therefore may be woo'd; She is a woman, therefore may be won; She is Lavinia, therefore must be loved. (Titus Andronicus, 2.1.636-638) Earl of Suffolk. She's beautiful, and therefore to be woo'd; She is a woman, therefore to be won. (Henry VI Part 1, 5.3.2538-2589) Titus Andronicus, bloody and horrifying, is a hard play to watch. Although we can read it as Shakespeare's "slasher film," I think that we can also look at it as an exploration of excess and the consequences of taking ideas - beliefs, cultural values - to their logical conclusion or end point. Take the treatment of women in the play, for example. Obviously the final fate of Lavinia - raped by the killers of her husband, her tongue cut out, her hands chopped off, ultimately stabbed to death by her father - is not something that most people would think is okay. It's violently excessive, right? BUT - and I think this is the important part - Shakespeare shows us the kind of attitudes toward women that can lead to this kind of result. Demetrius and Chiron don't start out plotting to rape Lavinia - they just think she's cute and want to seduce her away from her husband. They say that they "love" her. But we've seen this sort of slippery slope before in The Two Gentlemen of Verona - would-be rapist Proteus starts out by trying to actually win Silvia's love, but when she won't agree, he decides he's entitled to take what he wants. Interestingly, both scenes where the women are threatened with rape take place in the forest, away from the structures and safety of civilization - Silvia is saved seemingly by a miracle, but in Titus, where everything goes to the logical extreme of the idea, there are no miracles to be had. I think that the question being raised here, in both plays, boils down to this: what are women actually for? (This isn't a joke, by the way.) We've got Demetrius' answer, quoted above: She is a woman, therefore may be woo'd;/She is a woman, therefore may be won. But Demetrius, a pagan character from the classical past, isn't the only Shakespeare character who says this - Suffolk, an English nobleman in Henry VI Part 1, says almost exactly the same thing, word for word, about the woman who later becomes the queen of England! She's beautiful, and therefore to be woo'd;/ She is a woman, therefore to be won. Brings it a little closer to home, perhaps? In both cases, these sentiments seem to just go by without much discussion or comment. Perhaps, watching the play, one might feel either mild disagreement - or agreement! - with this answer to the question what are women for. But then Shakespeare shows us Lavina, and we have to face the logical end result of a belief that women exist to be wooed and won by men. We see Lavinia - brutalized, tramautized, humiliated, alone in the forest spitting out blood - and the play seems to say, Look! How do you like this now?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,348	In which British city was composer Frederick Delius born?	Frederick Delius \| English composer \| Britannica.com Frederick Delius Alternative Title: Frederick Theodore Albert Delius Frederick Delius Arnold Schoenberg Frederick Delius, in full Frederick Theodore Albert Delius (born January 29, 1862, Bradford , Yorkshire , England —died June 10, 1934, Grez-sur-Loing, France ), composer, one of the most distinctive figures in the revival of English music at the end of the 19th century. Delius, drawing by Edmond X. Kapp, 1932 Edmond X. Kapp The son of a German manufacturer who had become a naturalized British subject in 1860, Delius was educated at Bradford Grammar School and the International College, Isleworth, London. After working as a traveler for his father’s firm, he went in 1884 to Florida , U.S., as an orange planter and devoted his spare time to musical study. In 1886 he left Florida for Leipzig and there underwent a more or less regular musical training and became a friend of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg . Two years later he went to live in Paris, and from 1897 he made his home at Grez-sur-Loing (Seine-et-Marne), near Paris, with the painter Jelka Rosen, whom he married in 1903. Some songs, an orchestral suite (Florida), and an opera (Irmelin) were all written before he had a work published, that being Legend for violin and orchestra (1893). These were followed by more ambitious works that aroused considerable interest, especially in Germany, during the first decade of the 20th century. Three of his six operas (Koanga, 1895–97; A Village Romeo and Juliet, 1900–01; and Fennimore and Gerda, 1908–10) and several of his larger choral and orchestral works (Appalachia, 1902; Sea Drift, 1903; Paris: the Song of a Great City, 1899) were first heard in Germany. Later his reputation spread to England, mainly through the persuasive advocacy of Sir Thomas Beecham, who was his finest interpreter. Even after he was stricken blind and paralyzed in his early 60s, Delius continued to compose, working with an amanuensis, Eric Fenby. Other major works include A Mass of Life (1904–05) and a Requiem (1914–16), both to texts by Friedrich Nietzsche; Brigg Fair (1907) for orchestra; four concerti for various instruments; three sonatas for violin and piano; and many smaller orchestral pieces and songs. He was created a Companion of Honour in 1929. In distinction and originality of idiom , Delius’ music can hold its own with that of his contemporary Edward Elgar, and for a time he was considered by many to be a composer of equal stature. But Delius’ expressive range was more limited and his invention less vigorous than Elgar’s. Works that continue to be performed and recorded include the tone poem Over the Hills and Far Away (1895); the two Dance Rhapsodies for orchestra (1908 and 1916); Two Pieces for Small Orchestra: On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring (1912); Summer Night on the River (1911); and Songs of Sunset for orchestra, chorus, and solo voices (1906–07). Learn More in these related articles:	BREAD-The BBC TV series set in Liverpool BBC Page This is a fan page and does not intend to infringe any copyrights held either by the BBC or anyone else. All sources where known will be given or hot-linked. To the left you'll spot a shot of Paul and Linda McCartney guesting in THAT episode. Unfortunately, the clipping is undated and lacks the name of the paper. The reviewer at the time wasn't a fan of the show and the review was less than friendly. The final words in the review: "At least Paul had the good sense to remain hidden in the Mercedes and limit his contribution to one throwaway line." THE WEEKLY NEWS dated December 3, 1988 was far more friendly. There was a one page feature on Peter 'Joey' Howitt and his girlfriend at the time, Louise English. Said Peter: "I never wear black leather gear like Joey Boswell. I will help promote the programme by doing personal appearances but Joey and I are light years apart. / My sister has threatened to reply to my fan mail and tell the girls who write in what I'm really like!" Later in the interview, saying that he was writing jokes for Cannon & Ball and Hale & Pace, "I'm investing for the time when I am no longer flavour of the month." Peter had also turned down an 80,000 pounds ad contract to promote aftershave and bread for fear it would affect his credibility as an actor. Actors had integrity back then. How times have changed. OVERVIEW Set in Liverpool, England, the home of The Beatles. The Boswell family, although none of them appear to be employed, manage to live a comfortable life with the help of Social Security payments and various jobs on the side. The matriache and undisputed head of the family, who always sits at the head of the table around which much of the action takes place, is Nellie (Jean Boht). She has raised her children with little or no help from husband Freddie (Ronald Forfar), who spends most of his time chasing after 'Lilo Lil' (Eileen Pollock). Her lads are Joey (Peter Howitt), Jack (Victor McGuire), Adrian (Jonathon Morris) and Billy (Nick Conway). Solitary daughter, Aveline (Gilly Coman), dreams of becoming a top model. At the end of series 4, Peter Howitt left the programme and was replaced by Graham Bickley. Gilly Coman also left, to be replaced by Melanie Hill. We hope to cover all these characters and actors either by way of links or information below, gleaned from news clippings of the time. SOME CAST /CHARACTERS in 'pecking' order! Not all listed yet. GRANDAD Kenneth Waller. Born in Huddersfield on November 5, 1927. He died on January 28, 2000, aged 72 . From The Times Kenneth Waller was one of those admirable character actors who plied his trade for decades without attracting much notice and then became a household name late in his career thanks to one hugely successful television series. This was Bread, Carla Lane's sitcom about about the unemployed Boswell family on Merseyside, which at its peak in the late 1980s attracted an audience of 21 million. It was an ensemble piece rather than a star vehicle, and Waller's Grandad was an essential element. A pensioner who lived next door to the Boswells in their working-class terrace, Grandad was forever dropping in to cadge a meal and his "hey, where's me tea?" became a catchphrase. Waller's skilled playing transcended what could have been a comic caricature by investing the character with a shrewd m	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,349	Who was the first governor-general of India	First Governor General of India - Warren Hastings Colors of India : Interesting Facts : History : First Governor General of India First Governor General of India Warren Hastings was the first Governor General of India. He occupied this position from 1773 to 1784. Hastings was born at Churchill, Oxfordshire. He joined the British East India Company in 1750 as a clerk. In 1757, Warren Hastings became the British Resident of Murshidabad and in 1761 he was appointed to the Calcutta council. Warren Hastings went back to England in 1764. He returned to India in 1769 as a member of the Madras council and was made Governor of Bengal in 1772. In 1773, Hastings was appointed the first Governor-General of India. Warren Hastings extended and consolidated the control of East India Company established by Robert Clive. He was a patron of Indian learning and took a keen interest in Indian literature and philosophy. Warren Hastings was instrumental in the translation of Bhagvad Gita into English.	Jawaharlal Nehru - Prime Minister, Activist - Biography.com Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi’s father, was a leader of India’s nationalist movement and became India’s first prime minister after its independence. IN THESE GROUPS The Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty - Full Episode (TV-14; 45:26) The life and work of activist and visionary Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi was the inspirational root of the Nehru political dynasty. They have maintained sovereignty for India at a high personal cost. Synopsis Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India. In 1919, he joined the Indian National Congress and joined Indian Nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi’s independence movement. In 1947, Pakistan was created as a new, independent country for Muslims. The British withdrew and Nehru became independent India’s first prime minister. He died on May 27, 1964, in New Delhi, India. Pre-Political Life Jawaharlal Nehru was born in Allahabad, India in 1889. His father was a renowned lawyer and one of Mahatma Gandhi's notable lieutenants. A series of English governesses and tutors educated Nehru at home until he was 16. He continued his education in England, first at the Harrow School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned an honors degree in natural science. He later studied law at the Inner Temple in London before returning home to India in 1912 and practicing law for several years. Four years later, Nehru married Kamala Kaul; their only child, Indira Priyadarshini, was born in 1917. Like her father, Indira would later serve as prime minister of India under her married name: Indira Gandhi. A family of high achievers, one of Nehru's sisters, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, later became the first woman president of the UN General Assembly. Entering Politics In 1919, while traveling on a train, Nehru overheard British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer gloating over the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The massacre, also known as the Massacre of Amritsar, was an incident in which 379 people were killed and at least 1,200 wounded when the British military stationed there continuously fired for ten minutes on a crowd of unarmed Indians. Upon hearing Dyer’s words, Nehru vowed to fight the British. The incident changed the course of his life. This period in Indian history was marked by a wave of nationalist activity and governmental repression. Nehru joined the Indian National Congress, one of India's two major political parties. Nehru was deeply influenced by the party's leader, Mahatma Gandhi. It was Gandhi's insistence on action to bring about change and greater autonomy from the British that sparked Nehru's interest the most. The British didn't give in easily to Indian demands for freedom, and in late 1921, the Congress Party's central leaders and workers were banned from operating in some provinces. Nehru went to prison for the first time as the ban took effect; over the next 24 years he was to serve a total of nine sentences, adding up to more than nine years in jail. Always leaning to the left politically, Nehru studied Marxism while imprisoned. Though he found himself interested in the philosophy but repelled by some of its methods, from then on the backdrop of Nehru's economic thinking was Marxist, adjusted as necessary to Indian conditions. Marching Toward Indian Independence In 1928, after years of struggle on behalf of Indian emancipation, Jawaharlal Nehru was named president of the Indian National Congress. (In fact, hoping that Nehru would attract India's youth to the party, Mahatma Gandhi had engineered Nehru's rise.) The next year, Nehru led the historic session at Lahore that proclaimed complete independence as India's political goal. November 1930 saw the start of the Round Table Conferences, which convened in London and hosted British and Indian officials working toward a plan of eventual independence. After his father's death in 1931, Nehru became more embedded in the workings of the Congress Party and became closer to Gandhi, attending the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin pact. Signed in March 1931 by Gandhi an	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,350	What is the French name for Lake Geneva?	Geneva \| Define Geneva at Dictionary.com geneva 1700-10; < Dutch genever < Old French genevre < Latin jūniperus juniper Geneva noun 1. a city in and the capital of the canton of Geneva, in SW Switzerland, on the Lake of Geneva: seat of the League of Nations 1920–46. 2. a canton in SW Switzerland. 109 sq. mi. (282 sq. km). 3. Lake of. Also called Lake Leman. a lake between SW Switzerland and France. 45 miles (72 km) long; 225 sq. mi. (583 sq. km). 4. a city in central New York. 5. French Genève (for defs 1–3). Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for geneva Expand Contemporary Examples The two sides were “extremely close” to a deal, Kerry said afterward, and have agreed to meet again in geneva later this month. British Dictionary definitions for geneva Expand noun 1. a city in SW Switzerland, in the Rhône valley on Lake Geneva: centre of Calvinism; headquarters of the International Red Cross (1864), the International Labour Office (1925), the League of Nations (1929–46), the World Health Organization, and the European office of the United Nations; banking centre. Pop: 177 500 (2002 est) 2. a canton in SW Switzerland. Capital: Geneva. Pop: 419 300 (2002 est). Area: 282 sq km (109 sq miles) French name Genève German name Genf 3. Lake Geneva, a lake between SW Switzerland and E France: fed and drained by the River Rhône, it is the largest of the Alpine lakes; the surface is subject to considerable changes of level. Area: 580 sq km (224 sq miles) French name Lac Léman German name Genfersee Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for geneva Expand Geneva city in Switzerland, from Latin Genava, perhaps from a PIE root meaning "estuary" or one meaning "bend;" in either case a reference to its situation. The city was the headquarters of the League of Nations from 1920. The original Geneva Convention to introduce humanitarian conduct in modern warfare dates from 1864; the most recent update was in 1949. The Geneva Protocol is a League of Nations document meant to settle international disputes; it dates from 1924. Earlier the city was associated with Calvinism. Meaning "gin" is from 1706 (see gin (n.1)). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Expand Geneva definition City in southwestern Switzerland , lying on the western end of Lake Geneva, where the Rhone River leaves the lake. Note: Because of Switzerland's strict neutrality, Geneva provides an impartial meeting ground for representatives of other nations. Note: The city housed the headquarters of the League of Nations in the Palace of Nations, which is now the European headquarters of the United Nations . Note: The International Labor Organization, the International Red Cross , and the World Council of Churches are also based in Geneva. Note: Under the leadership of John Calvin in the sixteenth century, Geneva was the center of Protestantism. Note: The Geneva Accords were a group of four agreements made in 1954, ending seven and a half years of war in Indochina . Note: The Geneva Conventions , signed first in 1864 and then in 1906, 1929, 1949, and 1977, provide rules for the humane treatment of prisoners and wounded persons during a war. The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.	Geneva Convention ▼ Primary Sources ▼ Geneva Convention On 24th June, 1859, Henri Dunant found himself in Northern Italy and witnessed the Battle of Solferino. Dunant immediately began organizing local peasants to carry the wounded from the battlefield. They were taken to local churches where local doctors attempted to help relieve their suffering. Over 300,000 men of the Austrian and French armies took part in the Battle of Solferino and resulted in the deaths of over 41,000 men. It is estimated another 40,000 men who took part in the battle later died from wounds, fever and disease. After the battle, Dunant visited Emperor Napoleon III in France and persuaded him to issue the following orders to his soldiers: "Doctors and surgeons attached to the Austrian armies and captured while attending to the wounded shall be unconditionally released; those who have been attending to men wounded at the Battle of Solferino and lying in the hospital at Castiglione shall, at their request, be permitted to return to Austria." Henri Dunant decided to write a book about his experiences in Solferino. He claimed in A Memory of Solferino (1862) that his intention was to promote the "adoption by all civilized nations of an international and sacred principle which would be assured and placed on record by a convention to be concluded between governments. This would serve as a safeguard for all official and unofficial persons engaged in nursing war victims." In the book Henri Dunant warned: "If the new and frightful weapons of destruction, which are now at the disposal of the nations, seem destined to abridge the duration of future wars, it appears likely, on the other hand, that future battles will only become more and more murderous." He added: "Would it not be possible, in time of peace and quiet, to form relief societies for the purpose of having care given to the wounded in wartime by zealous, devoted and thoroughly qualified volunteers? A Memory of Solferino was well received by Victor Hugo who wrote to Dunant that he was " arming humanity and serving the cause of freedom. I pay the highest tribute to your noble efforts." Saint Marc Girardin added that he hoped the "book will be widely read, especially by those who are in favour of warfare, who seek to show its advantages and who speak of it in glowing terms." Inspired by the work of Florence Nightingale ( Crimean War ) and Clara Barton ( American Civil War ), Dunant wanted to establish an organization concerned with the alleviation of human suffering. In 1862 Dunant sent Gustave Moynier , president of Geneva Society for Public Welfare, a copy of A Memory of Solferino. In the book Dunant stated that his intention was to promote the "adoption by all civilized nations of an international and sacred principle which would be assured and placed on record by a convention to be concluded between governments. This would serve as a safeguard for all official and unofficial persons engaged in nursing war victims." Gustave Moynier went to see Dunant and invited him to a special meeting on 9th February, 1863, of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare. Dunant told the fourteen people who attended that he wanted to form an organization that sent volunteer nurses to the battlefield. He also wanted to improve the methods of transporting the wounded and the care they received in military hospitals. After the meeting it was decided to form an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded. Guillaume Dufour was to be president while Dunant, Thomas Maunoir , Gustave Moynier , and Louis Appia agreed to serve as board members. This eventually became the International Committee of the Red Cross . At the meeting in Geneva on 26th October, 1863, Guillaume Dufour , in his opening address, he tried to reduce the fears of those governments that had refused to send delegates to the meeting: " Every government must, within the limits of its domestic policy, take such action as it shall deem best, either to facilitate the organization of Volunteer Sanitary Commissions, or to merely tolerate them. On this subject eac	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,351	"What does ""Oscar"" (the academy award) hold in his hands?"	Oscar Statuette \| Oscars.org \| Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Home / Oscars / Oscar Statuette Oscar Statuette The most recognized trophy in the world, the Oscar statuette has stood on the mantels of the greatest filmmakers in history since 1929. Shortly after the formation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1927, the fledgling organization held a dinner in the Crystal Ballroom of the Biltmore Hotel in downtown Los Angeles to set out its goals. Among the topics discussed that night was how best to honor outstanding moviemaking achievements and thereby encourage excellence in all facets of motion picture production. Agreeing to institute an annual award, the group turned its attention to creating a suitably majestic trophy. MGM art director Cedric Gibbons designed a statuette of a knight standing on a reel of film gripping a crusader’s sword. The Academy tapped Los Angeles sculptor George Stanley to realize the design in three dimensions – and the world-renowned statuette was born. A Knight Called Oscar Since the initial awards banquet on May 16, 1929, in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel’s Blossom Room, 2,947 statuettes have been presented. Each January, additional new golden statuettes are cast, molded, polished and buffed by R.S. Owens & Company, the Chicago-based awards manufacturer retained by the Academy since 1982. Oscar stands 13½ inches tall and weighs in at a robust 8½ pounds. The film reel features five spokes, signifying the five original branches of the Academy: actors, directors, producers, technicians and writers. Although the statuette remains true to its original design, the size of the base varied until 1945, when the current standard was adopted. Officially named the Academy Award of Merit, the statuette is better known by its nickname, Oscar. While the origins of the moniker aren’t clear, a popular story has it that upon seeing the trophy for the first time, Academy librarian (and eventual executive director) Margaret Herrick remarked that it resembled her Uncle Oscar. The Academy didn’t adopt the nickname officially until 1939, but it was widely known enough by 1934 that Hollywood columnist Sidney Skolsky used it in a piece referring to Katharine Hepburn’s first Best Actress win. The Stuff that Dreams are Made Of The statuettes presented at the initial ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze. Within a few years the bronze was abandoned in favor of britannia metal, a pewter-like alloy which is then plated in copper, nickel silver, and finally, 24-karat gold. Due to a metal shortage during World War II, Oscars® were made of painted plaster for three years. Following the war, the Academy invited recipients to redeem the plaster figures for gold-plated metal ones. Achievements in up to 25 regular categories will be honored on February 28, 2016, at the 88th Academy Awards presentation at the Dolby Theatre at Hollywood & Highland Center. However, the Academy won’t know how many statuettes it will hand out until the envelopes are opened on Oscar Night®. Although the number of categories are known in advance, the possibility of ties and of multiple recipients sharing the prize in some categories makes it impossible to predict the exact number of statuettes to be awarded. As in previous years, any surplus awards will be housed in the Academy’s vault until next year’s event. More than 80 years after that auspicious gathering in Hollywood, Oscar’s success as a symbol of filmmaking achievement would probably amaze those who attended the dinner, as it would its designer, Cedric Gibbons.	1988 Academy Awards® Winners and History Working Girl (1988) Actor: DUSTIN HOFFMAN in "Rain Man", Gene Hackman in "Mississippi Burning", Tom Hanks in "Big", Edward James Olmos in "Stand and Deliver", Max von Sydow in "Pelle the Conqueror" Actress: JODIE FOSTER in "The Accused", Glenn Close in "Dangerous Liaisons", Melanie Griffith in "Working Girl", Meryl Streep in "A Cry in the Dark", Sigourney Weaver in "Gorillas in the Mist" Supporting Actor: KEVIN KLINE in "A Fish Called Wanda", Alec Guinness in "Little Dorritt", Martin Landau in "Tucker: the Man and His Dream", River Phoenix in "Running on Empty", Dean Stockwell in "Married to the Mob" Supporting Actress: GEENA DAVIS in "The Accidental Tourist", Joan Cusack in "Working Girl", Frances McDormand in "Mississippi Burning", Michelle Pfeiffer in "Dangerous Liaisons", Sigourney Weaver in "Working Girl" Director: BARRY LEVINSON for "Rain Man", Charles Crichton for "A Fish Called Wanda", Mike Nichols for "Working Girl", Alan Parker for "Mississippi Burning", Martin Scorsese for "The Last Temptation of Christ" Beginning this year, the trademark phrase: "and the winner is..." was substituted with "and the Oscar goes to..." Director Barry Levinson's critically and financially-successful Rain Man was the major Oscar winner in 1988. It was the buddy-road saga of the human relationship that gradually develops between two sibling brothers: the elder one a TV-obsessed, institutionalized adult autistic (Hoffman), the other an ambitious, hotshot money-maker/car salesman and hustler (Cruise). The autistic savant's kidnapping from an asylum by his fast-talking brother is with the intent to swindle him of his inheritance, but during a cross-country road trip, a loving relationship develops between the brothers with strong blood ties. Rain Man had a total of eight nominations and four wins - for Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay (by Ronald Bass and Barry Morrow). It was the year's highest-grossing picture as well, taking in $173 million (domestic). The other Best Picture nominees included the following: director Lawrence Kasdan's adaptation of Anne Tyler's novel, the psychological drama The Accidental Tourist (with four nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actress), with two co-stars - Kathleen Turner and William Hurt - that Kasdan had teamed together in an earlier film - Body Heat (1981) British director Steven Frears' first American feature film, the lush, pre-Revolutionary France costume drama of competitive sexual seduction Dangerous Liaisons (with seven nominations and three wins - Best Screenplay, Best Art/Set Direction, and Best Costume Design) director Alan Parker's propagandist account of the investigation of the disappearance of three civil rights activists in 1964 in the social drama Mississippi Burning (with seven nominations and only one win - Best Cinematography) director Mike Nichols' sophisticated romantic comedy about 80s corporate ladder-climbing and office politics in Working Girl (with six nominations and one win - Best Song by Carly Simon: "Let the River Run") Two of the five directors of Best Picture nominees were not included in the list of Best Director nominees. The tw	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,352	How many signs of the Zodiac are neither inanimate nor human?	Zodiac Signs: Ancient To Modern History \| Lifescript.com This article has been written by an outside contributor. It has not been reviewed by the LifeScript editorial staff for accuracy. Zodiac Signs: Ancient To Modern History By Teresa Opdycke Are You the One? The art and science of astrology began thousands of years ago. That’s when ancient people noticed that certain stars were always in specific locations at the same time each year. Read on to discover how the 12 zodiac signs got their names… Ever wonder why so many zodiac signs are represented by animals? It’s because the word “zodiac” comes from an ancient Greek word (zodiakos) that means “circle of animals,” according to the American Federation of Astrologers (AFA). That’s how we get Aries the ram, Leo the lion, Pisces the fish and so on. Each zodiac sign represents one-twelfth of the path traveled by the sun during the year. Ancient people observed the sun’s location during annual weather events, like rain. That’s how Aquarius, the “water bearer,” for example, came to be identified with the rainy season, the AFA reports. From these observations, they created the art/science of astrology as a way to explain times of chaos and times of abundance. Month after month, year after year, astrologers of the day – often considered “wise men” – plotted the movements of heavenly bodies and offered predictions based on their discoveries. The Babylonians are credited with giving birth to astrology in the West, according to the AFA. By at least 1800 B.C., the people of ancient Babylon had embraced learning, created a writing system, and made their city a center for education. Astrology today is a mixture of philosophy, art and science that melded together over the centuries as many thousands of people practiced and fine-tuned their astrological knowledge. Ancient Egyptians also divided the sun’s journey into 12 sections – equal zones of celestial longitude that became the 12 signs of the zodiac. Each sign is associated with its place in the annual cycle of seasons and with the constellations that lie along the sun’s annual path. The Greeks learned about astrology from the Babylonians in the fourth century B.C., according to the AFA. Learned astrologers became advisors to kings, pharaohs and emperors. Their job in ancient times included predicting wars, weather and probable outcomes of business conducted by people. It’s quite likely that Plato taught astrology to his favorite pupil, Aristotle. Throughout Western history, astrology has fallen in and out of favor. It was considered evil by the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, but interest in astrology was sparked again during the Renaissance. In the 19th century, astrology enjoyed renewed interest in some areas, but was outlawed in others. Today, reading one’s daily horoscope in the newspaper or online is an everyday ritual for some. Serious students of astrology continue to study the zodiac, “read” the stars, plot out horoscopes and look to the heavens for guidance in their everyday lives, as the wide variety of astrology websites proves. The American Federation of Astrologers, created to promote knowledge about “the science and art of astrology” is celebrating its 75th year in 2013. Signs of the Zodiac The Romans learned astrology from the Greeks, and appointed names to each of the 12 zodiac signs and 12 houses – names by which westerners still call them today. Each house resides within one of the four realms: fire, air, water and earth. Aries the Ram Today, Aries is the first house in which the sun resides before beginning its year-long journey across the sky. The constellation Aries appears in the sky as a ram looking behind and admiring its own fleece. Aries is called the “sign of sacrifice,” harking back to a myth of a sheep with a golden fleece offering himself as sacrifice after performing a service. Taurus the Bull More than 2,000 years ago, Taurus, not Aries, was the first of our zodiac signs. That’s because each sign spends approximately 2,150 years in each position in the sky. In ancient times, Taurus in	Taurus Zodiac Sign Symbol: Its Meaning and Origin Get a free online I Ching reading. The 64 hexagrams of the ancient Chinese I Ching, The Book of Change, and what they mean in divination. Books by Stefan Stenudd: Tarot Unfolded The imaginative reading of the Tarot divination cards focuses on what impressions the images and their symbols give. Several spreads are presented, as well as the meanings of all the 78 cards and their pictures. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. Life Energy Encyclopedia Qi (chi), prana, pneuma, spiritus, and all the other life force concepts around the world explained and compared. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. Cosmos of the Ancients All the philosophers of Ancient Greece and what they thought about cosmology, myth, religion and the gods. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. Sunday Brunch with the World Maker Fiction. A brunch conversation slips into the mysterious, soon to burst beyond the realm of possibility. Click the image to see the book at Amazon. The Taurus Symbol Its Origin and Meaning in Astrology The above image is the established symbol (also called glyph) for the Zodiac sign Taurus, the Bull. It's a simple representation of the head of a bull, with its horns. Both the Zodiac sign and its symbol have been along for ages. The Zodiac division of the ecliptic into twelve parts, each assigned a Zodiac sign, is probably of Babylonian (Mesopotamia) origin. They were very early with astrology, mapping the sky and noting planetary movements thousands of years ago. The Zodiac, very much like the one we know today, might have emerged in Mesopotamia around 1000 BC. But Babylonian astrology is probably far older than that. No Bull at First The Babylonians didn't connect this Zodiac sign to the Bull, though. They called the constellation The Steer of Heaven. But already in Classical Greece, the Bull was established as the name of the sign and the constellation. It's not that easy to see a bull in the constellation of Taurus. Most images of it mark the horns by connecting a couple of the stars, but that's about it. The rest is up to the imagination. Several of the Zodiac constellations are equally vague. Here's the constellation Taurus, with the image of the Bull added to it in a typical fashion: As you can see, the formation of the stars doesn't support the idea of a bull very convincingly. The reason for the choice is, as far as I know, buried in history. Below is an antique illustration of the same constellation, where the figure of the bull has also been added. It's from a 17th century book: Firmamentum sobiescianum, by Johannes Hevelius, 1690. Taurus in Ink Below is an ink version of the symbol for Taurus, which I did a number of years back in an experiment of using Japanese ink calligraphy (shodo) for old European astrology symbols. I've used these pictures on my astrology websites, mainly for fun and for the odd graphic effect, and I've seen them copied all over the Internet. I'm fine with that, although I think it wouldn't hurt if the source was mentioned. Well, what to do? Anyway, here's that ink again, this time in the original black and white (click on the image to see a bigger version): Taurus the Sign As for the picture commonly used to represent the Taurus Zodiac sign, it's been an image of a bull for as long as that has been its name - probably longer than the symbol described above has existed. Below is one typical example, where the stars of the constellation Taurus have also been marked. It's an illustration from Poeticon astronomicon, a 1482 book by Hyginus. For the header of this website, I combined the symbol for Taurus with an image of a bull. Well, actually I think it's an African water buffalo, but the head and the horns are there. I also added the primary symbol of the Taurus traits: agriculture, in the form of crops on a field. Zodiac Sign Symbols Here are the symbols (glyphs) of all the twelve Zodiac signs, and links to pages telling more about each Zodiac sign symbol.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,353	Victoria is the Roman Goddess of Victory but who is her Greek equivalent?	Victoria (goddess) - Wikimedia Commons Victoria (goddess) Jump to: navigation , search English: In Roman mythology , Victoria was the personification/Goddess of victory. She is the Roman version of the Greek goddess Nike , and was associated with Bellona . She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill . Her name (in both Latin and Greek) means victory. Français : Victoire, allégorie personnifiant la victoire. Italiano: Vittoria, divinità Romana	Greek Stories about Athena-Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest Athena, Arachne and the Weaving Contest In a small town of Ledia, in Northern Greece, there once lived a beautiful maid with the name Arachne. Arachne was famous in town for being a very skillful weaver and spinner and every day many girls and nymphs were stopping by to see her weave. However, Arachne was a very vain girl and couldnât stop boasting about her talent. She claimed that she had learned the skill all by herself and that there was no one else in the world who could weave as delicately as her... she even felt that she could compete against Athena , the goddess of skill, and win her with ease. When Athena heard these words, she got disappointed and decided to disguise as an old lady and appear in front of Arachne. "My dear", she told Arachne, "I am old and have much life experience, so let me give you one advice: donât ever mess up with a goddess! No mortal can compete against Athena. Take back your words and kindly ask for forgiveness..." Arachne got furious and threw the thread against the old woman, telling her: "I donât need your advice, I know best what I can do! If Athena really dares, then she should come here and compete against me!" At that moment, the old woman transformed herself into the radiant goddess Athena. On her sight, everybody in the room kneeled down in awe- not so Arachne, who couldn't wait to compete against her. Soon the competition started and both contestants were doing really well. Athena was weaving the Parthenon and her contest with god Poseidon. Arachne, on the other hand, was making fun of the gods by weaving scenes of gods full of weaknesses and fears. Arachneâs work seemed to be perfect technically, yet it was not beautiful because it was showing disregard of the gods. When Athena saw this, she became very offended and told Arachne: "You may be foolish and stubborn, but you seem to love your work. So go ahead now and spin forever!" Immediately, Athena sprinkled her with the juice of magical herbs and the body of Arachne transformed into a small and ugly animal, which is known as the spider nowadays . Since then, the spider is cursed to be trapped inside her own web, weaving constantly and endlessly... but having finally all her works destroyed by humans! This story proves that the Greek gods and goddesses were subject to human emotion. Search	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,354	Who is the wife of singer Jamie Cullum?	Jamie Cullum admits he thought wife Sophie Dahl was out of his league \| Daily Mail Online comments They tied the knot in a secret winter wonderland wedding back in 2010. But Jamie Cullum has admitted that when he first met former model and food writer Sophie Dahl at a charity event, he didn’t think he stood a chance. Speaking on The Jonathan Ross Show, which airs on Saturday evening, the 34-year-old said: ‘When I met her for the first time I didn’t think there was even a remote chance in hell, so I played it really cool which actually worked to my advantage. No chance: Jamie Cullum admits on The Jonathan Ross Show that he didn't think he would have a chance with model Sophie Dahl Happy ever after: Jamie and Sophie have been married since 2010 and have two children together Discussing his glamorous wife, who is two years his senior and stands eight inches taller, he added: ‘I just thought there was literally no chance.’ RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The baby faced star went on to tell the host that despite being in his thirties, many people think he is much younger. ‘People have always thought I was twelve, like really young. I can walk around with my kids, I could be waving my mortgage around, I could have the keys to my car…I tried to buy Sophie a bottle of wine and I had my kids and I was wearing a suit,’ he said. Baby face: Jamie opens up about being mistaken for someone much younger Showstopper: Jamie closes the show with an energetic performance Opportunities: The musician revealed his career has led him to hang out with big stars like P Diddy ‘I looked about as grown up as I could be and this 18 year old kid was like, ‘No, sorry man, you need ID.’ He did not sell me the bottle of wine,’ he laughed. Jamie and Sophie have two daughters, Lyra, was born on 2 March 2011 and Margot, born on 4 March 2013. The Jazz musician also opened up how his music career has led him to mingle with some of the biggest names in the industry. Sofa time: (L-R) Jamie Cullum, Naomie Harris, Jonathan Ross, Jennifer Saunders and Paddy McGuinness Leggy: Naomie Harris showed off her legs in a tribal print miniskirt on the show He told Jonathan that he was invited to P Diddy’s house for a party. ‘I’m like, ‘Oh my god, this is going to be like an MTV party that I’ve always dreamed about going to,’ so I spent all afternoon looking for the correct pair of trainers to wear,’ he explained. ‘I wore a simple outfit on top,’ Jamie continued: ‘As we were driving up to the house it didn’t look like many people were there. We got there and I realised it was actually a really small dinner party and not only that it was a shoes off house. I had to take my shoes off and I was wearing these horrific Bart Simpson socks with a hole in.’ The singer, who played the show out, is joined by Jennifer Saunders, Naomie Harris and Paddy McGuiness. The Jonathan Ross Show airs on Saturday 4th January at 9.50pm on ITV. Nervous: Jennifer Saunders revealed she was writing an Absolutely Fabulous movie Hi kick: Paddy McGuinness shows off his karate skills on the show	Around The House - ITV News 3 April 2014 at 7:00am Around The House Helen Ford presents our political programme from Westminster. Among the guests in April's edition were Copeland MP Jamie Reed, Berwick MP Sir Alan Beith and Lord Inglewood. Around The House: County of Cumbria 'may not reach 50' Forty years after the creation of Cumbria, Around The House considers how successful the new identity has become, and what the future holds. The county was formed by the amalgamation of Cumberland and Westmorland, along with portions of Lancashire and Yorkshire. The Copeland MP Jamie Reed was born in Cumberland shortly before the changes. Helen Ford asked whether he regards himself as a Cumbrian. Watch the interview here: Helen Ford presents the next edition of Around The House on Thursday 15th May. To mark the 40th anniversary of Cumbria's formation, Helen Ford spoke to the peer and former MEP Lord Inglewood. He explained how the county inspires loyalty in different ways. Watch the full interview here: The next edition of Around The House is on 15th May. Around The House: deciding how treatments are prescribed The new head of the NHS began his task with a visit to the north this week. Our political programme Around The House looked at one of the most sensitive subjects facing the health service: how to decide on the prescribing of treatments, while ensuring the best use of resources. Helen Ford and a panel of MPs discussed the proposed guidelines, which have just gone out to consultation: The next edition of Around The House is on Thursday 15th May. Around The House: what does 'full employment' mean? In this month's political programme, MPs discussed the Chancellor George Osborne's ambition of full employment. Helen Ford was joined by the Berwick Liberal Democrat Sir Alan Beith, alongside the Durham Labour MP Roberta Blackman-Woods and the Teesside Conservative James Wharton: Topical debate from Westminster Credit: ITV News Border In tonight's Around The House, we mark Cumbria's 40th anniversary. The county was formed in April 1974, with the twinning of Cumberland and Westmorland with parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire. Four decades on, we ask what Cumbria means to the local peer and former MEP Lord Inglewood, and the West Cumbrian MP Jamie Reed. We will also debate the Chancellor's pledge to work for full employment and explore the implications of radical changes to pensions. Join Helen Ford and her guests tonight at 11:40pm on ITV Border.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,355	How many coloured rings make up the Olympic Games symbol?	What Do the Olympic Rings Mean? \| Mental Floss What Do the Olympic Rings Mean? Getty Images Like us on Facebook In 1894, Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin—a French aristocrat and intellectual who had previously attempted to incorporate more physical education in schools—convened a congress in Paris with the goal of reviving the ancient Olympic Games (an idea Coubertin first introduced at a USFSA meeting in 1889). The congress agreed on proposals for a modern Olympics, and the International Olympic Committee was soon formalized and given the task of planning the 1896 Athens Games. After the 1912 Stockholm Games—the first Games featuring athletes from all five inhabited parts of the world—a design of five interlocked rings, drawn and colored by hand, appeared at the top of a letter Coubertin sent to a colleague. Coubertin used his ring design as the emblem of the IOC's 20th anniversary celebration in 1914. A year later, it became the official Olympic symbol. The rings were to be used on flags and signage at the 1916 Games, but those games were canceled because of the ongoing World War. The rings made a belated debut at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium. Coubertin explained his design in 1931: "A white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black, green and red ... is symbolic; it represents the five inhabited continents of the world, united by Olympism, while the six colors are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time." Coubertin used a loose interpretation of "continent" that included Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. He never said nor wrote that any specific ring represents a specific continent. Because the rings were originally designed as a logo for the IOC's 20th anniversary and only later became a symbol of the Olympics, it's also probable, according to historian David Young, that Coubertin originally thought of the rings as symbols of the five Games already successfully staged. ANCIENT RINGS? Popular myth (and an academic article) has it that the rings were inspired by a similar, ancient design found on a stone at Delphi, Greece. This "ancient" design, however, is really just a modern prop. For the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin, Carl Diem, president of the organizing committee, wanted to relay the Olympic Flame from its lighting point in Olympia to the Olympic stadium in Berlin. Diem, it seems, had a flair for theatrics, and included in the relay a stop at Delphi's ancient stadium for a faux-ancient Greek torchbearers' ceremony complete with a faux-ancient, 3-foot-tall stone altar with the modern ring design chiseled into its sides. After the ceremony, the torch runners went on their way, but no one ever removed the stone from the stadium. Two decades later, British researchers visiting Delphi noticed the ring design on the stone. They concluded that the stone was an ancient altar, and thought the ring design had been used in ancient Greece and now formed "a link between ancient and modern Olympics." The real story behind the altar was later revealed, and "Carl Diem's Stone" was moved from the stadium and placed near the ticketed entrance to the historic site. The inspiration for Coubertin's design seems to be a little more modern. Four years before he convened his Olympic congress, he had become president of the French sports-governing body, the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA). The Union was formed from the merging of two smaller sporting bodies, and to symbolize this, a logo of two interlocking rings—one red and one blue, on a white background—was created and displayed on the uniforms of USFSA athletes. "It seems quite obvious," says historian Robert Barney in a 1992 Olympic Revue article, "that Coubertin's affiliation with the USFSA led him to think in terms of interlocked rings or circles when he applied his mind towards conceiving a logo ... indeed, a ring-logo that would symbolize his Olympic Movement's success up to that point in time.... Circles, after all, connote wholeness, the interlocking of	Olympic Games Summer and Winter Locations and History of the Games Olympic games summer and winter locations and history of the games Olympic games summer and winter locations and history of the games Olympic History The Olympic Games took their name from the Greek city of Olympia and though there were important athletic competitions held in other Greek cities in ancient times, the Olympic Games were regarded as the most prestigious. The games were held every four years during August and September and the word "Olympiad", which referred to the four year intervals between competitions, was commonly used to measure time. The first documented Olympic champion was a man named Coroebus, a cook from Elis who won the sprint race in 776 BC. Historians believe that the games had already existed for at least 500 years prior to that date. The Olympic Games originally featured only one event: a race called the "stade", equal to a distance of about 210 yards. By 728 BC two additional races had been added, comparable to the 400 meter and 1,500 meter races of the modern games. The Olympics came to include wrestling, boxing and the pentathlon, as well as specialized events for soldiers and heralds. It was only in 472 BC that the events were spread out over a period of four to five days, previously they had all taken place on a single day. Participation in the Olympic Games was originally limited to free born Greeks, but as Greek civilization was spread by the conquests of Alexander the Great, the Games drew entrants from as far away as Antioch, Sidon and Alexandria. While the only official prize was a wreath or garland, successful athletes were supported by the governments of their cities and devoted much time to training. Most of the competitors were, in fact, professionals. After the Roman conquest of Greece in the second century BC, the Olympic Games suffered a decline in popularity and importance, but the Games persisted until AD 393, when the Roman emperor Theodosius I ordered their abolition. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games originated with Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a 29 year old French aristocrat who first publicly raised the issue in 1892. At a conference on international sport held in Paris in 1894, Coubertin managed to convince delegates from 49 organizations representing nine countries to vote in favor of an Olympic revival. His chief allies in this effort were Dimitrios Vikelas of Greece and Professor William M. Sloane of the United States. The organizers had planned the first modern Olympics for 1900 in Paris, but later decided to move the date forward to 1896 and to change the venue to Athens, though the local government of the Greek capital was initially hostile to the idea. Coubertin and his colleagues of the newly formed International Olympic Committee eventually prevailed, and the first Olympic Games of the modern era were inaugurated by the King of Greece in the first week of April 1896. The Games of 1896, 1900 and 1904 were loosely organized and did not feature national teams produced by rigorous selection. The 1908 Games, held in London in a newly built 66,000 seat stadium, were the first where the events were organized by the relevant authorities in each athletic discipline. More than 2,000 athletes from 22 nations competed in 100 events. The 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm drew more then 2,500 competitors from 28countries and featured the first women's swimming events. No Games were held in 1916 due to World War I, but the Games enjoyed strong growth after the war, with 44 nations participating in the 1924 Olympics in Paris. At the1928 Games in Amsterdam there were more than 290 women among the 3,000athletes, more than double the number that took part in 1924. The Olympic Games were suspended again for 12 years because of World War II, resuming in 1948 in London. The post-war era saw steady growth in the number of countries and athletes competing and a dramatic increase in women's events. Politics began to intrude on the Games in a serious way at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, where Palestinian terrorists att	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,356	In 1962, Maurice Wilkins and two others won the Nobel Prize for Medicine for the discovery of what?	Maurice Wilkins - Biographical Maurice Wilkins The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins Share this: Maurice Wilkins - Biographical Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins was born at Pongaroa, New Zealand, on December 15th, 1916. His parents came from Ireland; his father Edgar Henry Wilkins was a doctor in the School Medical Service and was very interested in research but had little opportunity for it. At the age of 6, Wilkins was brought to England and educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham. He studied physics at St. John's College, Cambridge, taking his degree in 1938. He then went to Birmingham University, where he became research assistant to Dr. J. T. Randall in the Physics Department. They studied the luminescence of solids. He obtained a Ph.D. in 1940, his thesis being mainly on a study of thermal stability of trapped electrons in phosphors, and on the theory of phosphorescence, in terms of electron traps with continuous distribution of trap depths. He then applied these ideas to various war-time problems such as improvement of cathoderay tube screens for radar. Next he worked under Professor M. L. E. Oliphant on mass spectrograph separation of uranium isotopes for use in bombs and, shortly after, moved with others from Birmingham to the Manhattan Project in Berkeley, California, where these studies continued. In 1945, when the war was over, he was lecturer in physics at St. Andrews' University, Scotland, where Professor J. T. Randall was organizing biophysical studies. He had spent seven years in physics research and now began in biophysics. The biophysics project moved in 1946 to King's College, London, where he was a member of the staff of the newly formed Medical Research Council Biophysics Research Unit. He was first concerned with genetic effects of ultrasonics; after one or two years, he changed his research to development of reflecting microscopes for ultraviolet microspectrophotometric study of nucleic acids in cells. He also studied the orientation of purines and pyrimidines in tobacco mosaic virus and in nucleic acids, by measuring the ultraviolet dichroism of oriented specimens, and he studied, with the visible-light polarizing microscope, the arrangement of virus particles in crystals of TMV and measured dry mass in cells with interference microscopes. He then began X-ray diffraction studies of DNA and sperm heads. The discovery of the well-defined patterns led to the deriving of the molecular structure of DNA. Further X-ray studies established the correctness of the Watson - Crick proposal for DNA structure. Relevant publications are «The molecular configuration of deoxyribonucleic acid. I. X-ray diffraction study of a crystalline form of the lithium salt», by R. Langridge, H. R. Wilson, C. W. Hooper, M. H. F. Wilkins, and L. D. Hamilton in J. Mol. Biol., 2 (1960) 19, and «Determination of the helical configuration of ribonucleic acid molecules by X-ray diffraction study of crystalline amino-acid-transfer ribonucleic acid», by M. Spencer, W. Fuller, M. H. F. Wilkins, and G. L. Brown in Nature, 194 (1962) 1014. Wilkins became Assistant Director of the Medical Research Council Unit in 1950 and Deputy Director in 1955. A sub-department of Biophysics was formed in King's College, and he was made Honorary Lecturer in it. In 1961 a full Department of Biophysics was established. He was elected F.R.S. in 1959, given the Albert Lasker Award (jointly with Watson and Crick) by the American Public Health Association in 1960, and made Companion of the British Empire in 1962. He married Patricia Ann Chidgey in 1959; they have a daughter Sarah and a son George. He finds his recreations in his collection of sculptures and in gardening. From Nobel Lectures , Physiology or Medicine 19	Nobel prize in chemistry 2012 for work on cell receptors: as it happened \| Science \| The Guardian Nobel prizes Nobel prize in chemistry 2012 for work on cell receptors: as it happened Americans Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka have won this year's chemistry Nobel for their work on G-protein-coupled receptors, which allow cells to sense light, flavour, odour and receive signals from hormones and neurotransmitters Pictures of the winners – Robert Lefkowitz (left) and Brian Kobilka – are projected on a screen as Staffan Normark (centre) of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences makes the announcement in Stockholm. Photograph: Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP/Getty Images Nobel prizes Nobel prize in chemistry 2012 for work on cell receptors: as it happened Americans Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka have won this year's chemistry Nobel for their work on G-protein-coupled receptors, which allow cells to sense light, flavour, odour and receive signals from hormones and neurotransmitters Wednesday 10 October 2012 06.21 EDT First published on Wednesday 10 October 2012 10.43 EDT 3.26pm BST Kobilka's response to the prize At last we have a few comments from Brian Kobilka. It seems his disbelief on hearing the news matched that of Lefkowitz this morning. The west coast has to be one of the worst time zones in which to receive a call from Stockholm. In a statement from Stanford University, he said: I didn't believe it at first, but after I spoke with about five people — they handed the phone around — with really convincing Swedish accents, I started to think it was for real. and went on to speak about the discovery: It was so exciting to see this three-dimensional structure and finally know how these transmembrane regions interact during signaling. And with that parting shot we will leave the Nobel prize in chemistry for another year. Thanks to all for watching and enjoying the prizes with us. Brian Kobilka speaking on the phone after the announcement as the world's media converge on his home in Palo Alto. Photograph: Linda A Cicero/AFP/Getty Images Updated 12.30pm BST The first Nobel in chemistry for two MDs? David Kroll, a blogger at Terra Sigillata , believes this may be the first Nobel prize in chemistry awarded to two medical doctors. I asked David Phillips (see interview below) about the biological emphasis of this year's Nobel prize in chemistry. Here's what he makes of it: The field of chemical biology is burgeoning because at its heart, at the heart of certainly cell biology, is an understanding at the molecular level of what's going on and that's chemistry essentially. So other sorts of chemistry are still going on and still very important, but this level of understanding which has been made possible by advances in techniques over the last 20 years or so is crucial to mankind. I'm not worried at all that many of my colleagues are working in what is essentially a biological field, because I think it's so crucial that we understand the molecular processes that are going on in cells in animal and human bodies. The award of this year's chemistry Nobel prize to Robert Lefkowitz (left) and Brian Kobilka demonstrates how the distinctions between the disciplines of chemistry and biology have been breaking down . Photograph: AFP/Getty Images Updated 12.25pm BST Lefkowitz: the backstory The Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the US has posted some of the history behind Robert Lefkowitz's discoveries on their website. Here is a taster: For a long time, it remained a mystery how cells could sense their environment. Scientists knew that hormones such as adrenalin had powerful effects: increasing blood pressure and making the heart beat faster. They suspected that cell surfaces contained some kind of recipient for hormones. But what these receptors actually consisted of and how they worked remained obscured for most of the 20th Century. Cells in our body are constantly exposed to a variety of chemical signals—hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors, and sometimes even drugs—that they need to interpret and translate into a response.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,357	The 'Sackbut' was a forerunner of which modern brass instrument?	The Sacbut The Sacbut or here for same in mp3 format However, for the lowest contratenor parts, and often for any contratenor part, to the shawm players one adds brass players who play very harmoniously, upon the kind of tuba which is called ..trompone in Italy and sacqueboute in France. When all these instruments are employed together, it is called the loud music. Tinctoris, circa 1487 ein feste burg - three settings by Walther (3rd setting at 1:43 includes sacbut) Aridan Branle - dance tune (includes sacbut on third verse) Many names have been given to the Renaissance trombone, including sackbut (literally "push-pull"), saqueboute, shakbusshes, seykebuds, sakbuds, shakebuttes, shagbutts, and even shagbolts. It is uncertain when the sackbut first appeared, but by 1500 it is illustrated and mentioned regularly. Detailed information about the instrument is given by Praetorius, who also pictures four principal sizes: the alto, tenor, bass, and great bass. The tenor sackbut is the most useful size and it is this instrument which has evolved into the modern tenor trombone. In the early seventeenth century the sackbut was considered an instrument of the virtuoso performer. Praetorius mentions an Erhardus Borussus of Dresden who had a range of nearly four octaves (low A1 to g2) and was able to execute rapid coloraturas and jumps on his instrument just as is done on the viola bastarda and the cornett. For outdoor music the top part of a sackbut ensemble was usually taken by a shawm, and for church music, by a cornett. The sackbut player should imitate the sound of the cornett, not the trumpet. Thus today's marching band trombone blasts have no place in the performance of early music. In spite of the instrument's wide range of dynamic and chromatic compass, and its ability to be played "in tune" (by slide adjustment), the sackbut did not become a regular member of the orchestra until the early nineteenth century. The sackbut differs from today's trombone by its smaller bore, its bell which is less flared, and in the lack of a water key, slide lock, and tuning slide on the bell curve. Sackbuts could adjust tuning at the joint between the bell and slide. The shallow brass mouthpiece was unplated. Decorated outer slide braces could telescope slightly to follow the imperfections of the inner slide. Leather pieces cushioned the slide when brought up to first postion. Since the human arm couldn't reach the longest positions on the bass and great bass sackbuts, they have an articulated handle on the slide to extend the reach.	Musical Instruments Musical Instruments Harp A stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. All harps have a neck, resonator and strings. Some, known as frame harps, also have a forepillar; those lacking the forepillar are referred to as open harps. Harp strings can be made of nylon (sometimes wound around copper), gut (more commonly used than nylon), wire, or silk. A person who plays the harp is called a harpist or a harper. Various types of harps are found in Africa, Europe, North, and South America, and a few parts of Asia. In antiquity harps and the closely related lyres were very prominent in nearly all musical cultures, but they lost popularity in the early 19th century with Western music composers, being thought of primarily as a woman's instrument after Marie Antoinette popularised it as a lady's pastime. The aeolian harp (wind harp) and autoharp are technically zithers, not harps, because their strings are not perpendicular to the soundboard. The harp's origins may lie in the sound of a plucked hunter's bow string. The oldest documented references to the harp are from 4000 BC in Egypt (see Music of Egypt) and 3000 BC in Mesopotamia. While the harp is mentioned in most translations of the Bible, King David being the most prominent musician, the Biblical "harp" was actually a kinnor, a type of lyre with 10 strings. Harps also appear in ancient epics, and in Egyptian wall paintings. This kind of harp, now known as the folk harp, continued to evolve in many different cultures all over the world. It may have developed independently in some places. The lever harp came about in the second half of the 17th century to enable key changes while playing. The player manually turned a hook or lever against an individual string to raise the string's pitch by a half step. In the 1700s, a link mechanism was developed connecting these hooks with pedals, leading to the invention of the single-action pedal harp. Later, a second row of hooks was installed along the neck to allow for the double-action pedal harp, capable of raising the pitch of a string by either one or two half steps. With this final enhancement, the modern concert harp was born. Some pedal harps have rods in the column, but the latest harps have cables which makes for better pedal action. Piano The general name given to a musical instrument classified as a keyboard, percussion, or string instrument, depending on the system of classification used. The piano produces sound by striking steel strings with felt hammers that immediately rebound allowing the string to continue vibrating at its resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through the bridges to the soundboard, which amplifies them. The piano is widely used in western music for solo performance, chamber music, and accompaniment. It is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal. Although not portable and often expensive, the piano's versatility and ubiquity has made it among the most familiar of musical instruments. The word piano is a shortened form of the word pianoforte, which is seldom used except in formal language and derived from the original Italian name for the instrument, gravic�mbalo col piano e forte (literally harpsichord with soft and loud). This refers to the ability of the piano to produce notes at different dynamic levels depending on the speed with which a key is depressed. Violin A bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello. A violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, no matter what kind of music is played on it. The word "violin" comes to us through the Romance languages from the Middle Latin word vitula, meaning "stringed instrument". A person who plays the violin is called a violinist or fiddler, and a person who makes or repairs them is called a luthier, or simply a violin maker. The violin emerged in northern Italy in the early 16th century. Most likely t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,358	Who was Russian President after Yuri Andropov?	Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union - Nov 12, 1982 - HISTORY.com Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union Share this: Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union Author Yuri Andropov assumes power in the Soviet Union URL Publisher A+E Networks Following the death of long-time Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev two days earlier, Yuri Andropov is selected as the new general secretary of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. It was the culmination of a long, but steady march up the Communist Party hierarchy for Andropov.Born in Russia in 1914, by the 1930s Andropov was an active participant in the Communist Youth League. During World War II, he led a group of guerilla fighters who operated behind Nazi lines. His work led to various positions in Moscow, and in 1954, he was named as Soviet ambassador to Hungary. During the Hungarian crisis of 1956, Andropov proved his reliability. He lied to Hungarian Prime Minister Imre Nagy about Soviet military intentions, and later assured Nagy that he was safe from Soviet reprisals. Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest in November 1956 and Nagy was captured and executed in 1958.Andropov’s work in Hungary brought him back to Moscow, where he continued to rise through the ranks of the Communist Party. In 1967, he was named head of the KGB, Russia’s secret police force. A hard-liner, he supported the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia and oversaw the crackdown on dissidents such as Andrei Sakharov and Aleksandr Solzhenitzyn. In 1982, with Brezhnev deathly ill and fading fast, Andropov left the KGB and began jockeying for power. When Brezhnev died on November 10, 1982, Andropov was poised to assume power. He was named general secretary on November 12.His rule was short-lived, but eventful. At home, he tried to reinvigorate the flagging Russian economy and attacked corruption and rising alcoholism among the Soviet people. In his foreign policy, Andropov faced off against the adamantly anticommunist diplomacy of President Ronald Reagan. Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were severely strained when Soviet pilots shot down a Korean airliner in September 1983. Later that year, Soviet diplomats broke off negotiations concerning reductions in Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces and the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START). Andropov had suffered from nearly debilitating illnesses since early 1983, and died on February 9, 1984. He was succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko . Related Videos	Japan-Russia Relations Northern Territories / Kuril Islands Japan-Russia Relations Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's decision to host to the Russian President, even at the risk of violating sanctions against Moscow, showed Tokyo's strategic weakness and desperation to improve ties with Russia. Russian President Vladimir Putinï¿½s visit to Japan on 15-16 December 2016 did not resolve the territorial problem between Moscow and Tokyo, but it did improve bilateral relations. On 15 December 2016 Putin and Abe discussed the preparation for negotiations on the peace treaty in a one-to-one format. Japan and Russia never signed a permanent peace treaty after World War II due to a disagreement over four islands, which Russia calls the Southern Kurils and Japan the Northern Territories, encompassing Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and Habomai. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe agreed to restore frozen military contacts, as well as contacts in the 2+2 format, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said. "Today, it has been agreed that it is necessary to restore other mechanisms of our bilateral dialogue, which had been frozen in recent years. I mean military contacts and 2+2 format talks," the Russian foreign minister said, commenting talks between Putin and Abe. Despite special relatons between Japan and the US, Moscow and Tokyo are interested in "close cooperation" in the region, Lavrov said. "Despite special relations between Japan and the US based on their military-political alliance since 1960 year, Russia and Japan are interested to closely cooperate in formats which exist in the Asia-Pacific region to solve security issues." According to Lavrov, Putin and Abe discussed the issues of air defense and US presence in the Asia Pacific region, as well as North Korea's threats. He said that US' boosting of military presence in the Asia-Pacific region is "disproportional" to the threat posed by Pyongyang's nuclear program. The US uses the alleged North Korea's threat "as a pretext to boost modern arms here [in the Asia Pacific region]", Lavrov said. Russian President Vladimir Putin, an avid judoist, on 05 September 2013 agreed with Japanï¿½s prime minister that a post-World War II peace deal between the two states could finally be reached only under the judo principle of hikiwake ï¿½ ï¿½no winner, no loser.ï¿½ The two states have never signed a permanent peace treaty after World War II because of a long-running territorial dispute over the Kuril Islands in the north Pacific, occupied by Soviet forces at the end of the war and still claimed by Japan. Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Putin and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe had made the judo-style agreement on the sidelines of the G20 summit near St. Petersburg. In 2013, two-thirds of a century after the end of World War II, a state of war between Japan and Russia existed technically because the government in Moscow had refused in the intervening years to sign the 1951 peace treaty. The main stumbling block in all Japan's subsequent efforts to establish bilateral relations on what it called "a truly stable basis" was the territorial dispute over the Northern Territories. Japan's policy toward Russia is delineated by two agreements. The Japan-Russia Action Plan, the culmination of then-President Putin's 2000 Tokyo visit and former FM Koizumi's 2003 trip to Moscow, outlines a series of agreed upon future actions in the fields of political dialogue, advancing peace treaty negotiations, international cooperation, trade and economic assistance, defense and security arrangements, and cultural exchanges. A second document, titled "Initiative for Strengthening Japan-Russia Cooperation in the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia," which former PM Shinzo Abe proposed on the margins of the 2007 Heiligendamm G-8 Summit, called for private and public sector cooperation in the fields of energy, transportation, information and communication, environment, security, health and medicine, trade and investment, and cultural/tourism exchanges. Toky	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,359	What tower, built for the World's Fair, became the tallest man-made structure?	The Eiffel Tower V. Ryan ï¿½ 2001 - 2009 THE EIFFEL TOWER PDF FILE - CLICK HERE FOR PRINTABLE WORKSHEET The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world. It was named after Alexandre Eiffel whose team of engineers designed it. It cost ï¿½260,000 to build in 1889 with most of the money being provided by Eiffel himself and the French state. The Eiffel Tower rises to a height of 985 feet and for over forty years it was the highest structure in the world. The top may be reached by using lifts and stairs with the first platform being 189 feet, the second being 380 feet and the third at 906 feet above the ground. The structure is largely composed of triangulated sections and this allowed the engineers to build the tower so high. It was originally looked upon as a temporary structure, built for the 1889 Worlds Fair. The Worlds Fair coincided with the centenary of the French Revolution. For forty years it was the tallest man-made structure in the world. The Eiffel Tower was the entrance arch to the Worlds Fair and it was one of a number of designs entered as part of a competition. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel's company won the competition and so the the Tower became known as the Eiffel Tower. However, it was Morris Koechlin, an employee of Eiffel that designed the thousand foot structure. Alexandre Eiffel Morris Koechlin Koechlin was a junior employees of the Eiffel Construction Business which specialised in the designing and building of bridges and viaducts al over the world. one of his first jobs was to design the framework for the Statues of Liberty. His first design for the tower was rejected by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel as it was very plain and lacked 'class' and it was only after adding more graceful, ornate features that Eiffel decided to enter it for the competition. Eiffel also stated that he would finance the project to 80% of the cost of construction. The original idea was for the tower to be dismantled after a twenty year period. However, it was so well built and engineered that it was decided to leave it in position. The various parts (of which there were thousands) were so well engineered that not even one had to be returned to workshops for alteration. After the first year of opening so much money had be raised from people visiting the tower that the cost of construction was covered and Eiffel became rich. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel conducted experiments on the tower such as using it as a giant pendulum, a pressure gauge, an instrument for measuring air resistance and atmospheric pressure. In 1898 it was discovered that the tower could also be used a magnificent radio tower. Consequently the Eiffel Tower was saved. What was the event that the Eiffel Tower was built for ? How many years was the Eiffel Tower the highest in the world ? What was the name of the engineer in charge of the project ? What was the background of the engineer who came up with the first design ? How was the original design improved before it was entered into the competition ? Why did the tower last longer than twenty years ? Was the Tower popular with the public ? Why was the towerï¿½s future secured ? Can you name any other large structures ? If so write some facts and try to draw a diagram of each.	BBC - Hampshire - Places Hampshire You are in: Hampshire > Places > The Spinnaker Tower > The Spinnaker Tower The Spinnaker Tower The Spinnaker Tower The stunning 170 metre high Spinnaker Tower on Portsmouth's Harbourside dominates the landscape of one of the world's most famous ports. The striking landmark has been built on top of the sea bed on the edge of Gunwharf, near Portsmouth Harbour. It is the UK's tallest building which is open to the public outside of London. Spinnaker Tower Webcam > The Tower offers stunning panoramic views which stretch as far as the Isle of Wight, Southampton and along the Hampshire and West Sussex coastlines. There are three visitors' viewing galleries which sit at 100, 105 and 110 metres. If heights don't bother you can also look straight down through the tower's unnerving glass floor in the centre of the concrete and steel structure. A glider's view of The Spinnaker Tower Built as the centrepiece of the Millennium Project for the Renaissance of Portsmouth Harbour, at 170 metres high, the tower is two and a half times the size of Nelson's Column in London. With the tower standing at the entrance to the Naval Base and historic dockyard, the design is intended to represent billowing sails and the city's strong maritime traditions. Help playing audio/video At night the tower is fully illuminated with a range of colours for special events - from yellow for Children in Need to red for Remembrance and a special Christmas tree display in December. The construction of the tower was plagued by delays and controversy and fell way behind schedule - it was originally conceived in the mid-90s and planned to be completed in time for the millennium. Pudsey on the Tower's viewing deck The last piece of the structure, The 'top cone' spire which is 27 metres tall and weighs 14 tonnes was finally fitted on 17th January 2005 - five years later than originally planned. After years of delays, the opening date for the tower was finally planned for summer 2005, but the date was put back due to problems with the external lift. The operators, Heritage opened the tower for business on Tuesday, 18 October 2005. The opening day didn't go smoothly, with one further embarrassing delay when the city council's project manager, David Greenhalgh was trapped in the tower's external glass lift for over an hour. The Spinnaker Tower is open daily from Sunday - Thursday 10am - 5pm, Friday - Saturday 10am - 10pm. Closed Christmas Day. More info 02392 857520. last updated: 23/03/2009 at 11:50 created: 26/05/2006	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,360	Which current presenter of 'Today' on BBC Radio 4 joined the programme in 1987?	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Broadcaster Timpson dies aged 77 Broadcaster Timpson dies aged 77 Clips of broadcasts Writer and broadcaster John Timpson has died at a hospital in Norfolk at the age of 77. Timpson was best known for his long career as a presenter on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, and a string of books on British heritage. Famed for his distinctive voice, he joined the Today programme in 1970, stepping down 16 years later, in 1986. Timpson, who died at Queen Elizabeth's Hospital in Kings Lynn, Norfolk, on Saturday, leaves a wife and one son. A second son, Nick, died suddenly at the age of 42 just five weeks ago. "John was one of the greats from radio broadcasting," said Jenny Abramsky, director of BBC radio, on Saturday. 'Sense of humour' "His partnership with Brian Redhead was one of the great broadcasting duets. "His sense of humour and his humanity shone through in all his broadcasts, and during his time on Today the programme's journalism went from strength to strength." Presenter John Humphrys said: "The partnership between John Timpson and Brian Redhead was the cornerstone for what the Today programme has become. They were a brilliant double act." "John's droll humour made him a greatly loved figure. I took over from him 19 years ago and it was a very hard act to follow." Born in Middlesex, John Timpson began his career as a junior reporter on the Wembley News, before moving to the Eastern Daily Press in Norwich in 1951. Timpson was part of the Today team for 16 years In 1959 he joined the BBC as a reporter. In the early days of BBC Two, Timpson presented the first half-hour television news programme, before becoming co-presenter on the Today programme with Jack De Manio. Following De Manio's departure, Timpson presented alongside Robert Robinson and later Brian Redhead with whom he developed a popular banter. He briefly left the Today show to present the Tonight programme, and in 1984 became chairman of Any Questions - a role he continued until 1987. Outstanding service In 1986 he won the Sony Gold Award for outstanding services to radio. "Avuncular, often teasingly lugubrious, dependable and funny," said former Today presenter Sue MacGregor, paying tribute to Timpson. "He was the master of the one-liner quip and brought a totally professional presence to the tricky business of fronting Today." No one will ever forget that voice James Naughtie Current Today presenter James Naughtie added: "All of us who work on the programme feel its history very keenly and John was a bright star in that galaxy. No one will ever forget that voice." On his retirement, Timpson returned to his beloved Norfolk which was the subject of many of his books, notably Timpson's Travels in East Anglia and Timpson's Norfolk Notebook. Editor of the Today programme Kevin Marsh said of Timpson: "I grew up listening to him and he was one of the reasons I got into radio broadcasting. "I admired him hugely and he represented everything the BBC stands for."	BBC - Press Office - Comic Relief: The Big One It's the Big One! Red Nose Day 2007 is set to be the biggest ever with the cream of comedy and entertainment jumping on board to show their support and bring to you the hottest entertainment extravaganza ever! The show just gets bigger and bigger with comedy heavyweights including Ricky Gervais, Catherine Tate, Simon Pegg and Nick Frost, Little Britain, Mitchell and Webb, Mighty Boosh and Sacha Baron Cohen. What else will you see? Well, deep breath... This year will see the biggest roll call of top presenters ever! Jonathan Ross, Russell Brand, Lenny Henry, Davina McCall, Graham Norton, Chris Evans, Paul O'Grady, Fearne Cotton and Kate Thornton will be beaming live into your living room on a night guaranteed to keep you glued to your couch. You can see Kate Moss make an appearance as Vicky Pollard's sister in Comic Relief Does Little Britain Live and Dennis Waterman finally meets his mini version and gets to sing the theme tune! You'll be wiping away the tears of laughter and sadness when Dawn French dons the collar one final time, and it really is the last one, in a special Vicar Of Dibley written by Richard Curtis and featuring an A-list visitor to the village – the one and only Sting. Richard Curtis also got behind the camera to film a brand new Mr Bean sketch especially for the Big One. This time the loveable yet clumsy Bean finds himself at the wedding of an unsuspecting couple played by Michelle Ryan and Matthew MacFadyen. Expect mishaps and mayhem as well as a very angry father of the bride played by David Haig. Catherine Tate has teamed up with Lenny Henry and Doctor Who star David Tennant as well as some other surprise guests for some un-missable new sketches. Of course it wouldn't be Red Nose Day without some of your favourite TV shows getting the Comic Relief treatment. Tune in to see the conclusion of Comic Relief Does The Apprentice - two teams will be battling it out in a Sir Alan Sugar style girls v boys showdown. Doing their very best not to be fired or even get torn off a strip in the boardroom will be Cheryl Cole, Rupert Everett, Maureen Lipman, Jo Brand, Ross Kemp, Trinny Woodall, Alastair Campbell, Karren Brady, Piers Morgan and Danny Baker. The two hottest girl bands on the planet have teamed up for this year's official Red Nose Day single. Sugababes and Girls Aloud will be releasing their version of the Run DMC/ Aerosmith classic Walk This Way. Expect an electrifying performance from the girls on the night! Comic Relief Does Fame Academy is back by popular demand and only two celebrities will be left standing and rasping to battle it out and follow in Edith Bowman's footsteps to win the viewers' votes, raise some cash and be crowned champion. Presenters Patrick Kielty and Claudia Winkleman will be on hand to protect them from the judges' comments. Sparks and microphones will fly... Harry Hill will provide us with a special Comic Relief themed TV Burp, Armando Ianucci presents his worst moments from Comic Relief while Simon Pegg and Nick Frost present their favourite Red Nose Day clips. The Mighty Boosh bring their own brand of anarchic humour live to the Comic Relief studio, and Mitchell and Webb will also treat us to two live versions of popular sketches from their hit BBC Two show. Tune in for a very special surprise from Peter Kay, plus see Ricky Gervais as you've never seen him before. There will be some new Creature Comforts from Aardman Animations who have also teamed up with cutting-edge comic Marc Wooton to create an exclusive new character. Tim Westwood and the crew of MTV's hit show Pimp My Ride UK, made a special pit stop to surprise the elderly ladies of Leek, Staffordshire, with news that their shabby, rust-encrusted mini-bus was to be pimped. Tune into the show to see the result of all their hard work. The Big One will also feature the biggest names in music. Two of the greatest bands in the world today - Take That and The Killers - will perform live. There will also be special reports from Billy C	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,361	Joey, Chandler and Ross are all characters from which US television series?	Friends (TV Series 1994–2004) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Follows the personal and professional lives of six 20 to 30-something-year-old friends living in Manhattan. Creators: Rachel is leaving for her job in Paris. Monica and Chandler are packing up the apartment. 9.7 When Phoebe finds out about Monica and Chandler, she and Rachel start messing with them and attempt to get them to confess their relationship. 9.7 Erica has gone into labor three weeks early and Chandler has a hard time getting along with the situation when Monica leaves them alone in the delivery room. Meanwhile, Ross and Rachel sleep together... 9.5 a list of 33 titles created 23 May 2012 a list of 48 titles created 20 Apr 2013 a list of 23 titles created 17 Oct 2013 a list of 30 titles created 06 Jun 2015 a list of 22 titles created 11 months ago Search for " Friends " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 68 wins & 211 nominations. See more awards » Videos A father recounts to his children, through a series of flashbacks, the journey he and his four best friends took leading up to him meeting their mother. Stars: Josh Radnor, Jason Segel, Cobie Smulders A woman who moves into an apartment across the hall from two brilliant but socially awkward physicists shows them how little they know about life outside of the laboratory. Stars: Johnny Galecki, Jim Parsons, Kaley Cuoco The Simpsons (TV Series 1989) Animation \| Comedy The satiric adventures of a working-class family in the misfit city of Springfield. Stars: Dan Castellaneta, Nancy Cartwright, Julie Kavner Modern Family (TV Series 2009) Comedy \| Romance Three different, but related families face trials and tribulations in their own uniquely comedic ways. Stars: Ed O'Neill, Sofía Vergara, Julie Bowen A high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer turns to manufacturing and selling methamphetamine in order to secure his family's future. Stars: Bryan Cranston, Aaron Paul, Anna Gunn An antisocial maverick doctor who specializes in diagnostic medicine does whatever it takes to solve puzzling cases that come his way using his crack team of doctors and his wits. Stars: Hugh Laurie, Omar Epps, Robert Sean Leonard Game of Thrones (TV Series 2011) Adventure \| Drama \| Fantasy Nine noble families fight for control over the mythical lands of Westeros. Meanwhile, a forgotten race hell-bent on destruction returns after being dormant for thousands of years. Stars: Emilia Clarke, Peter Dinklage, Kit Harington A hedonistic jingle writer's free-wheeling life comes to an abrupt halt when his brother and 10-year-old nephew move into his beach-front house. Stars: Jon Cryer, Ashton Kutcher, Angus T. Jones Dexter Morgan is a Forensics Expert, a loyal brother, boyfriend, and friend. That's what he seems to be, but that's not what he really is. Dexter Morgan is a Serial Killer that hunts the bad. Stars: Michael C. Hall, Jennifer Carpenter, David Zayas New Girl (TV Series 2011) Comedy After a bad break-up, Jess, an offbeat young woman, moves into an apartment loft with three single men. Although they find her behavior very unusual, the men support her - most of the time. Stars: Zooey Deschanel, Jake Johnson, Max Greenfield The survivors of a plane crash are forced to work together in order to survive on a seemingly deserted tropical island. Stars: Jorge Garcia, Josh Holloway, Yunjin Kim 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X Due to a political conspiracy, an innocent man is sent to death row and his only hope is his brother, who makes it his mission to deliberately get himself sent to the same prison in order to break the both of them out, from the inside. Stars: Dominic Purcell, Wentworth Miller, Amaury Nolasco Edi	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,362	What colour is the letter L in the standard Google logo?	Can you Identify the Colors of the Google Logo in Order? Search Site Can You Identify the Google Logo Colors in Order? You use Google search and other Google products all day but can you identify the correct Google Logo. This was recently asked at the ‘Who wants to be a Millionaire’ game show on TV. July 19, 2012 You probably use Google search, Reader, Docs and other Google products all day so here’s a quick test to see how well you know the Google Logo that’s prominently displayed on almost every Google page. Take a look at these variations and identify the one image that accurately represents the order of colors found in the original Google logo. Identify the Correct Colors of the Google Logo Google Logo on ‘Who Want to be a Millionaire’ Now the more interesting part. A similar question was asked on the popular “Who wants to be a millionaire” game show and, as you can make out from this TV screen capture, the lady obviously confused. The question displayed on the screen says – “Which of the following is a true statement about the letters in the standard Google logo?” – and the choices are: A. Both “O”s are yellow B. Both “G”s are blue C. The “L” is red D. The “E” is green Just goes on to prove how ubiquitous Google has become.	Free Flashcards about GK 3 Semantics is the branch of logic concerned with what? Meaning Which Northumberland castle, located between Craster and Embleton, is closely associated with the legend of Guy the Seeker? Dunstanburgh Castle Whose poem is "The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket"? Robert Powell Which poem did Milton write about the drowned fellow poet Edward King? Lycidas What was England's second-largest and second-most commercially important city for the bulk of the 14th century? Norwich Which sea battle was fought on 24 June 1340 as one of the opening salvoes of the 100 Years War? Sluys In which county are Chipchase and Belsay Castles? Northumberland In England, often associated with the wool trade, what European historiography term refers to the entire medieval system of trade and its taxation? Staple The narrator of Anthony Burgess's 'Earthly Powers' is generally held to have been a lampoon or caricature of which real-life author? W Somerset Maugham Maria Edgeworth is a character in which literary work? Castle Rackrent In which play does the line "to thine own self be true" appear? Hamlet In which Graham Greene novel is Scobie a character? The Heart of The Matter Paul Morel is the protagonist of which novel? Sons and Lovers Gerald Crich appears in which DH Lawrence novel? Women In Love Stephen Blackpool is the hero of which Dickens work? Hard Times Which fictitious Northern city is scene of much of the action in 'Hard Times'? Coketown In which novel is Paul Pennyfeather a character? Decline and Fall (Waugh_ In which century was the Sorbonne founded? 13th (1253) Dorothea Brooke appears in which classic novel? Middlemarch In a church, what is the chancel? The space around the altar at the liturgical East end of a church. Give a year in the reign of Philip II (Phillipe Auguste) of France. 1180-1223 Which perfume house introduced the 'Gentleman' brand in 1974? Givenchy Which word can refer to a bomber aircraft, a radio call sign and the Z-Cars code-name? Victor What was Eleanor Thornton the model for in 1911? The Spirit of Ecstasy Liverworts and green leaves are both rich in which vitamin group, including retinol, retinal, retinoic acid? Vitamin A Which Englishman designed the first modern steam turbine in 1884? Parsons Which foodstuff is prepared from Hydrocarbon toluene? Saccharine Which company made the 'Forester' car model? Subaru Which American first used the term 'torpedo' for a naval explosive? Fulton Which element is atomic number 9? Fluorine Highland Dirks and Stilettos are both types of what? Daggers Fish-oils and egg yolk are both rich in which Vitamin? Vitamin D Plasterers and Diggers are both types of what sort of insect? Wasps How long is a vicennial? Every 20 years What name is given to a female badger? Sow If a male cat is a tom, what is a female? Queen A musquash fur comes from which animal? Musk Rat What was unusual about the UK Nobel Prize Winner stamps issued in 2001? Scented What type of animals are cervidae? Deer The first UK self-adhesive stamps depicted what? Cats Gypsum is more correctly known by what chemical name? Hydrated calcium sulphate What is the chemical symbol of promethium? Pm Which Miletus-born Presocratic philosopher is sometimes called 'The Father of Science'? Thales The quagga is a subspecies of which animal? Zebra Which class of subatomic particles is named from the Greek for 'heavy'? Baryons Which Ancient Greek astronomer both discovered the precession of the equinoxes, and may have compiled the first star catalogue? Hipparchus Which kitchen appliance did Denis Papin introduce in 1679? Pressure Cooker Which vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri? B1 Which class of subatomic articles is named from the Greek for 'thick'? Hadrons In which year were self-adhesive stamps introduced to the UK? 2001 Which type of creature has the largest brain relative to body size yet known? Ant Asparagus, leeks and tulips are all part of which plant family? Lily Archangel and Havana Brown are both breeds of what animal? Cat Which mathematician is (possibly fancifully) often credited with inventing roul	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,363	"""Red Dragon"" is a prequel to what movie?"	Red Dragon (2002) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A retired FBI agent with psychological gifts is assigned to help track down "The Tooth Fairy", a mysterious serial killer; aiding him is imprisoned criminal genius Hannibal "The Cannibal" Lecter. Director: From $9.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 25 titles created 01 Jan 2011 a list of 43 titles created 17 Mar 2011 a list of 35 titles created 30 Mar 2013 a list of 23 titles created 20 Feb 2014 a list of 24 titles created 1 week ago Search for " Red Dragon " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 4 wins & 10 nominations. See more awards » Videos Living in exile, Hannibal Lecter tries to reconnect with now disgraced FBI agent Clarice Starling and finds himself a target for revenge from a powerful victim. Director: Ridley Scott After the death of his parents during World War II, young Hannibal Lecter moves in with his beautiful aunt and begins plotting revenge on the barbarians responsible for his sister's death. Director: Peter Webber A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. Director: Jonathan Demme Former FBI profiler Will Graham returns to service to pursue a deranged serial murderer named "the Tooth Fairy" by the media. Director: Michael Mann An altar boy is accused of murdering a priest, and the truth is buried several layers deep. Director: Gregory Hoblit An attorney, intent on climbing the career ladder toward success, finds an unlikely opponent in a manipulative criminal he is trying to prosecute. Director: Gregory Hoblit An aging thief hopes to retire and live off his ill-gotten wealth when a young kid convinces him into doing one last heist. Director: Frank Oz An American seminary student travels to Italy to take an exorcism course. Director: Mikael Håfström Edit Storyline FBI Agent Will Graham has been called out of early retirement to catch a serial killer, known by authorities as "The Tooth Fairy". He asks for the help of his arch-nemesis, Dr. Hannibal "The Cannibal" Lecter, so that he can be able to catch "The Tooth Fairy" and bring him to justice. The only problem is that "The Tooth Fairy" is getting inside information about Graham and his family from none other than Dr. Lecter. Written by MovieWes Before the Silence See more » Genres: Rated R for violence, grisly images, language, some nudity and sexuality \| See all certifications » Parents Guide: 4 October 2002 (USA) See more » Also Known As: $36,540,945 (USA) (4 October 2002) Gross: Did You Know? Trivia The establishing shot of the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane was re-used from The Silence of the Lambs (1991), as the building was no longer available for filming. See more » Goofs After Graham finds out the video tapes are what links the victims the aircraft flying at dusk is the outline of a Falcon 2000. The film takes place sometime in the early '80s and the Falcon 2000 was not delivered until March of 1995. See more » Quotes [first lines] Hannibal Lecter : Think to yourself that every day is your last. The hour to which you do not look forward will come as a welcome surprise. As for me, when you want a good laugh, you will find me in fine state, fat and sleek, a true hog of Epicurus's herd.	Pixar Luxo Jr. is completed. The short film, John Lasseter’s directorial debut, is unveiled in August at SIGGRAPH and then screened for general audiences at Los Angeles-area theaters in November. Luxo Jr. will be the first three-dimensional computer animated film to be nominated for the Best Animated Short Film Oscar®. 1986 1987 Red’s Dream is completed. Its rain effect and complexity of lighting pose new technological challenges for the team and allow a study in creating mood and atmosphere. A portion of the film is rendered entirely on the Pixar Image Computer. Also directed by John Lasseter, the short film has its premiere in July at SIGGRAPH. 1987 1988 Tin Toy is completed. A partially completed version is screened for SIGGRAPH audiences in August, and the film receives its official premiere later that year at the Ottawa International Film Fest. Tin Toy will be the first computer animated film to receive an Academy Award® when it is named Best Animated Short Film of 1988. Pixar’s new animation system, Menv (short for "modeling environment"), comes online. 2000 2001 Monsters, Inc. is released in theaters on November 2, accompanied by For the Birds. Monsters, Inc. reaches over $100 million in domestic box-office in just 9 days—faster than any animated film in history. It will receive two Academy Award® nominations, including Best Song; Randy Newman will take home the Oscar® for "If I Didn't Have You," from the Monsters, Inc. soundtrack. Rob Cook, Loren Carpenter and Ed Catmull receive an Academy Award of Merit® for Significant Advances in the Field of Motion Picture Rendering. Pixar now numbers over 600 employees. Co-founder Ed Catmull is named Pixar's President. 2001 2002 Mike's New Car, the first-ever Pixar short featuring characters from another Pixar film, premieres on September 17. It is featured as part of the Monster, Inc. DVD and VHS release. The short will receive an Academy Award® nomination for Best Animated Short Film. "a bug's land" attraction opens on October 7 at Disney California Adventure Park. 2002 2003 Finding Nemo is released in theaters on May 30, accompanied by a remastered version of Knick Knack. Finding Nemo breaks opening weekend box-office records domestically for an animated feature. Finding Nemo will be nominated for four Academy Awards® and win the Oscar® for Best Animated Feature. Boundin' premieres and will be nominated for the Academy Award® as Best Animated Short Film. Brave is released in theaters on June 22, accompanied bythe short La Luna. Brave is nominated and wins the Academy Award® for Best Animated Feature Film . Partysaurus Rex, Time Travel Mater, and The Legend of Mor'du are all released. 2012 2013 Monsters University is released in theaters on June 21, accompanied by the short The Blue Umbrella. ABC Televised special Toy Story Of Terror and Tales From Radiator Springs (Hiccups, Spinning, Bugged), are all released. 2013 Toy Story That Time Forgot, Pixar's Holiday TV special, aired on December 2, 2014 on ABC. 2014 2015 After premiering at the 68th Cannes Film Festival in May, Inside Out was released in North America on June 19, 2015, accompanied by the short film LAVA. Inside Out went on to receive several awards, including an Academy Award®, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Critics' Choice Award, Annie Award, and Satellite Award for Best Animated Feature. 2015-1 2015 (cont.) The Good Dinosaur premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 17, 2015. It was accompanied by the short film Sanjay's Super Team. 2015-2 2016 Finding Dory premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8, 2016, and was released in the United States on June 17, 2016. Finding Dory is ranked as the highest-grossing animated debut of all time. It was accompanied by the Short Film Piper. 2016	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,364	A thin middle section of a wooden chair-back, particularly old and carved, is called a?	Antique and Vintage Chairs - Collector Information \| Collectors Weekly Antique and Vintage Chairs Overview eBay Auctions Show & Tell Articles No piece of antique or vintage furniture conveys as much personality and says as much about its owner as a chair, whether it’s a side chair in a hallway, a set of matching chairs in the dining room , or a unique rocking chair on the front porch. The chair is as old as recorded history itself. The ancient Egyptians had stools, and even wooden folding chairs, with leather seats and fine joinery techniques. The Greeks and Romans came up with chair designs that are still in use today. And in China, fine woodworking and increasingly sophisticated joinery was the norm. The wooden chairs of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) were especially beautiful, with curved pieces carved from a single piece of wood to avoid seams. At around the same time in Europe, Renaissance craftsmen were producing chairs with open arms and seats to accommodate the billowing women’s fashions of the day. Hard, wooden seats were still the rule, but upholstery was gaining in popularity. By the 17th century, the chair was becoming something of a small throne, with open arms and legs (called a fanteuil in France), a high padded back (the arms and seat were often also padded), and lots of gilt wood. Wing chairs first appeared in France ; intricately carved wooden chairs featuring cane backs and seats made their debut in the Netherlands. With a taller back, designers turned their collective attention to the chair’s splat, the vertical piece that runs up the center. Woodworkers used the splat for carving, while artisans used it as a canvas for japanning, which was a European variation on Asian lacquerwork. Chair designers went positively crazy in 18th century England and France. Chair backs featured elaborate scenes stitched into tapestries or stamped into leather. Chair legs were given a cabriole shape, resembling the hind leg of an animal, whose knees were ornately decorated and whose feet often ended in a claw clasping a ball. Upholstered armchairs were on the rise, thanks to the arrival on the scene of a London furniture designer named Thomas Chippendale. Indeed, 18th-century England produced much of the furniture vocabulary that we still use today. Relatively simple Queen Anne side chairs, wing chairs, and armchairs were popular ...in the first few decades of the century, followed by more ornate Georgian pieces. That was the era when Chippendale made his mark, along with contemporaries like George Hepplewhite (who favored shields and medallions on his chair backs) and Thomas Sheraton (whose lattice backs presage those of Charles Rennie Mackintosh a century later). Meanwhile, in the Colonies, Pilgrim chairs and William and Mary chairs sported lots of turned arms and legs (the sausage style was especially popular), as well as spindle backs. There were even chairs with wainscot. Queen Anne and Chippendale chairs in walnut, cherry, and maple echoed the prevailing winds in England. As America gained its independence, a newfound interest in classicism morphed into the Federal style, championed by furniture maker Duncan Phyfe. The 19th century brought Victorian furniture to American shores, but there were indigenous designs, too. Chief among them were the Shakers, whose ladder-back, cane-seat rockers are contemporary classics. Windsor chairs were a British invention, but dispensing with the splat and building a low-back Windsor was a purely stateside contribution to the form. Another 19th-century style of note was Biedermeier of Germany. Biedermeier chairs combined the klismos-style legs of the ancient Greeks with mahogany veneers and caned seats. It was also the century of Thonet, whose bentwood furniture designs have changed little in the 150 years since they were first introduced, and Stickley, whose Mission Oak chairs were a hallmark of the budding Arts and Crafts movement that greeted the 20th century. Chairs evolved yet again with the arrival of Art Deco . Now manufacturing processes permitted designers to shape woods and	How To Play - Intermediate - Section 16: Glossary Intermediate Coaching Notes Section 16: Glossary Advanced Play . A game of croquet where extra rules are invoked. The games are played level, and contacts and lifts can be conceded. Angled Hoop. Where the ball is well off the midline of a hoop it intends to run. Anti-Duffer Tice . Aspinall Peel . A promotion peel where the peelee is jawsed in the croquet stroke and then struck by the striker's ball again in the same croquet stroke. Aunt Emma . A player whose tactic is to split up the opponent's balls and snatch a hoop every turn or so. Backward Ball. The player's ball which has made fewest hoops at the start of a turn. Baulk. The A baulk extends along the yard line originating from the first corner to the midpoint of the South boundary. The B baulk extends along the yard line from the third corner spot to the midpoint of the North boundary. Balls are played on to the lawn from the baulk lines at the start of the game or when a lift is taken. Bisques. 'Free turns' indicated by wooden sticks given the weaker player in a handicap game . Boundary. The edges of the lawn. The boundary is defined as the inside edge of the marking lines. Break. A sequence of shots which allows many hoops to be made in one turn. Building. The process of moving balls to advantageous positions from which to play a break. Cannons . Croquet shots involving more than two balls. Casting. Swinging of the mallet over the striker's ball one or more times before making a final swing in which the mallet hits the ball. CD. Abbreviation of 'Critical Distance' - the distance over which a player is likely to roquet. Clips. Clothes-peg-like markers coloured to match the balls, and used to indicate the next hoop a ball has to make next. Clips are placed on the top of a hoop on the first circuit and on the uprights of the hoop for the second circuit. Combination Peg Out. An attempt to promote a rover ball on to the peg when the striker is 'dead' on that rover ball. Condone. A fault or other 'breaking of the rules' is condoned after a set number of strokes known as the 'limit of claims'. When condoned, play carries on as if no error had occurred. Contact. An option in advanced play arising when the opponent has been through 1-back and 4-back with their forward ball in a single break. A contact involves picking up one of your balls and placing it in contact with any of the other balls and playing a croquet shot. Contact Leave. A leave for when giving a contact. Typically a ball in the centres of the East and West boundaries and balls in corners 2 and 4. Leaving balls in the jaws of hoops is effective as it limits the directions in which croquet can be taken and where they can be rushed to. Corner. The point of intersection of two boundaries. Corner Spot. The point where the two yard lines meet in the corner. Critical Distance. The length of roquet where a player may expect to hit 50% of the time. Croquet Stroke. The stroke following the initial hit-in (the roquet) where the two balls are placed in contact and the striker's ball struck. Past tense croqueted (crow-kay'd). Cross-pegging. Where two balls are obstructed from hitting each other ( wired ) by placing them either side of the peg. Cross-wiring. Where two balls are obstructed from hitting each other ( wired ) by placing them either side of a hoop. Crown. The horizontal part (top) of a croquet hoop. Crush. Either, when the mallet strikes a ball which is in contact with a hoop or peg and the direction of aim is not away from the hoop or peg, or when a ball is hit predominantly downwards into the ground in a stroke. These are faults. Cut Rush . A cut rush is a roquet shot in which the roqueted ball moves sideways. A difficult shot to gauge the strength of. Damage. A major defect in the surface of a croquet court. The re	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,365	Which comedian created the character 'Cosmo Smallpiece'?	Les Dawson - Cosmo Smallpiece - YouTube Les Dawson - Cosmo Smallpiece Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 25, 2010 Les Dawson as Cosmo Smallpiece Category	The Cosmo girl's dirty little secret \| Life and style \| The Guardian The Cosmo girl's dirty little secret "Helen Gurley Brown's success depended on a false image. Without being seen as wild and free, she'd never have got where she did" Friday 14 April 2000 21.00 EDT First published on Friday 14 April 2000 21.00 EDT Share on Messenger Close One of the secrets of success in life seems to be to appear different from what you really are. Take Helen Gurley Brown , whom I have just been reading about in an American magazine. When her first book, Sex And The Single Girl, came out in 1962, it caused a sensation by telling women that they didn't have to get married but that they should have sex and enjoy it with whomever they wanted. The book made her briefly a heroine of women such as Gloria Steinem, but Brown fell from favour with the feminists after she took over the struggling Cosmopolitan in 1965 and made it the US's best-selling women's magazine by seeming to promote the idea that women should live entirely for men. A typical Cosmo cover displayed a busty model and a lascivious cover line. In her best-seller of 1982, Having It All, Brown advised women: "Never refuse to make love, even if you don't feel like it." And now, at the age of 78, she has published another book of memoirs, I'm Wild Again, in which she repeats her favourite aphorism: "Sex is one of the three best things we have, and I don't know the other two." To her office wall is pinned the slogan, "Good girls go to Heaven, bad girls go everywhere." Naturally, most people think of Brown as a bad girl, obsessed with sex and men, even in her old age. But I'm Wild Again, despite its racy title and its cover picture of her in a slinky red dress, belies this notion. According to David Plotz, writing in Slate magazine, "This is the autobiography of a puritan. It chronicles how Brown exercises obsessively; doesn't drink, smoke or eat; has remained utterly faithful to her husband of 35 years; and lives for her job. The Cosmo girl's dirty little secret isn't sex. It's work." But Brown's success has depended, to a large extent, on her false image. Without being thought of as wild and free, she would probably never have got where she did. And one can understand feminists' problem with her: a woman's right to enjoy sex with anybody may have been part of the feminist creed, but how was a woman to achieve this happy state of affairs without going out of her way (as recommended by Brown) to make herself attractive to men, which is not what feminists were supposed to do. (The British government, by the way, seems to be taking the Brown view in its curious campaign to fatten up the nation's women.) The case of Helen Gurley Brown set me thinking about other successful people whose appearances are deceptive. Behind the nerdish, academic exterior of Bill Gates there lurks a ruthless businessman with monopolist urges, as an American court has found. And take Andreas Whittam Smith, founding editor of The Independent: would he have generated the necessary confidence to launch his bold capitalist enterprise without his air of episcopal gravitas? I am even tempted to speculate that my friend, Alan Rusbridger, the editor of the Guardian, may have been unwittingly assisted in his rise to the top by his reserved, rather scholarly demeanour. It is not really possible to generalise about what you have to look like to get on, since fashions change and are different for different professions. People still want their doctors to be smart, clean and soberly dressed, but they no longer want businessmen to be stout and bald and wear suits and ties. We are in the age of businessmen such as Richard Branson, who cultivate the informal, sporting look that suggests drive and energy and risk. Rupert Murdoch looks rather old-fashioned and out-of-date now, though he is still doing pretty well. But people who look after your money, such as bankers, should ideally be rather fat. It is noteworthy that several Chancellors of the Exchequer - Nigel Lawson, Norman Lamont and Gordon Brown, say - have been on the sto	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,366	Which item of athletics equipment weighs 7.26 kilograms for men?	Equipment Used in Track & Field \| LIVESTRONG.COM Equipment Used in Track & Field by JAMES PATTERSON Last Updated: Dec 17, 2015 James Patterson James Patterson specializes in health and wellness topics, having written and produced material for the National Institutes of Health, the President's Cancer Panel and an Inc. 500 Hall of Fame company. He is also a former sportswriter with writing experience in basketball, baseball, softball, golf and other popular sports. Much equipment is needed for track and field. Photo Credit Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreak Media/Getty Images Overview If you’ve ever competed in or watched a track-and-field event, you might not have realized just how much work and preparation goes into putting it all together. In addition to getting the athletes and events organized, officials have to worry about the various pieces of equipment necessary to conduct a track-and-field meet. Starting Blocks Starting blocks serve as one of the most important pieces of equipment for track events of 400 meters and shorter, according to USA Track and Field. Officials use starting blocks not as an aid to runners, but as a means for protecting the surface of the track. Most starting blocks consist of foot pads that runners can adjust based on their preferred starting position. Hurdles Hurdles is a specific track event that combines the skill of running with the ability to jump over stationary objects. USA Track and Field regulates not only the height of the hurdles for different events, but the space in between the individual hurdles. Hurdle heights range anywhere between .84 meters for women’s events to 1.067 meters for men’s events, according to USA Track and Field. In men’s 110-meter competition, the distance between hurdles is 9.14 meters, up from 8.5 meters in the women’s 100-meter event. Discus The discus event features the use of a rounded disc, challenging competitors to see who can throw the object the farthest. Like other events, equipment regulations specify the size and weight and makeup of the discus. Rules specify the discus be made of wood or other similar material with a metal rim, and may be either solid material or hollow. The weight specifications range anywhere between .75 and 2 kilograms, depending on the competitor’s preference, but shall have an outside diameter ranging between 166 and 221 millimeters. Javelin It might seem just like a long stick with a pointy end, but track-and-field regulations specify that the javelin weigh between 400 and 800 grams, with a minimum length of 750 millimeters and a maximum length of 1060 millimeters. Rules stipulate that the javelin must be made of metal or other similar material, with three main parts: the head, shaft and cord grip to aid the player in throwing. Shot Put The shot put is an event that requires players to throw a large metal ball as far as possible down the field. The ball, known as the “shot,” is made of solid metal and may have a latex covering on the outside to assist competitors with their grip. For men’s competition, the shot weighs 7.26 kilograms. For women, the shot weighs 4 kilograms. Related Searches Lose Weight. Feel Great Change your life with MyPlate by LIVESTRONG.COM GOAL Gain 2 pounds per week Gain 1.5 pounds per week Gain 1 pound per week Gain 0.5 pound per week Maintain my current weight Lose 0.5 pound per week Lose 1 pound per week Lose 1.5 pounds per week Lose 2 pounds per week GENDER	Modern Pentathlon - Pentathlon Event - Olympic Pentathlon Modern Pentathlon - Pentathlon Event - Olympic Pentathlon An athletic event comprising of five events Discus throw, Javelin, long jump, foot race and wrestling. Modern Pentathlon opposed to this comprises of Pistol Shooting, Fencing, Swimming, Riding & Running. Pentathlon Pentathlon is a composite athletic event, encompassing target shooting, fencing, swimming, equestrian Show Jumping and cross-country running. Pentathlon games are an optimum blend of an athlete’s strength, skill, timing, endurance and determination. Each contestant must participate in all five sporting events, one after the other in order to win the pentathlon. Pentathlon History Ancient Greek Pentathlon, a primitive version of the modern day pentathlon was introduced during 708 BC. The sport comprised five games - Discus, Javelin, long jump, foot race and wrestling. Discus, Javelin and Long jump were categorized solely as pentathlon events and were generally not played as individual sports. These games were a test of a participant’s strength and timing. The discus throw area was very small and barely sufficient for an individual to stand erect. The discus to be thrown weighed around 14 pounds, 10 ounces. The ancient Greek javelin was 6 feet long and as thick as a finger. It was made of wood and contained a metal point at the end. A throw strap was wrapped in the middle to provide the participants a better grip. Long jump was accompanied by carrying weights. Contestants carried stone or metal weights of four to eight pounds during long jumps. There were four categories of foot races. ‘ Stade’ – 200 yards race ‘ Diaulos’ and ‘Hoplitodromos’ – Known as race in armor, 400 yards long ‘Dolichos’ – Races that ranged between 7-24 stades, although they averaged at 20 stades. In wrestling, the opponents grappled each other to the ground without striking. Participants rubbed themselves in oil and power/dust to get a good grip. Wrestling was categorized into three groups – boys, youth and men. Pentathlon was an entirely men’s event until women participation began around the late 1970s. The first women’s world championship was played in the year 1980. Modern pentathlon games are single day sporting events that embrace five different sports, played one after the other in the predetermined sequence. Each game is designed to test the contestant’s skill, dexterity, focus and agility. Accurate timing and precision is fundamental to the sport. Modern Pentathlon Events Modern pentathlon originated from the military and was a test of the officers’ courage, co-ordination, physical fitness, self-discipline and flexibility. The pentathlon games initially lasted for five days with one event contested each day. In 1984, it was made a four-day event, with both pistol shooting and cross-country run conducted on the fourth and final day. Since 1996, the pentathlon is held as a single day event with all five events contested one after another. Modern pentathlon games are scored on a scale of 1000 points for the prescribed time. For any amount of time taken beyond or below the prescribed time, the prescribed point limit is reduced or added to the initial start up points. Pistol Shooting – The range of the target is 10 meters and contestants generally use a big bore standard rifle. Each contestant is allowed 20 shots within a time period of 40 seconds. The target is a stationary concentric ring 155 mm in diameter. An optimum pentathlon score is 172 out of 200 that gives the contestant 1000 pentathlon points. The shooting targets are changed after each shot. The shooting program is 5 sighting shots in 5 minutes, 10 shots precision fired in 10 minutes and 10 rapid-fire shots in 1 minute. 12 pentathlon points are gained for every target point above 172 whereas 12 pentathlon points are reduced for every target point below 172. Fencing – For fencing matches, epee swords are used and the target is the opponent’s entire body. Scoring is done through electronic tips at the end of each sword. Either contestant has to achieve one hit	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,367	Everyone's favorite childhood book, Where the Wild Things Are, saw the movie version dominate the box office last weekend. What is the name of the main protagonist in the book?	IMDb: Most Popular People With Biographies Matching "alien" Most Popular People With Biographies Matching "alien" 1-50 of 919 names. Vincent D'Onofrio Vincent Phillip D'Onofrio was born on June 30, 1959 in Brooklyn, New York, to Phyllis, a restaurant manager and server, and Gene D'Onofrio, a theater production assistant and interior designer. He is of Italian descent and has two older sisters. He studied at the Actors Studio and the American Stanislavski Theatre. Vincent D'Onofrio is known as an "actor's actor". The wide variety of roles he has played and the quality of his work have earned him a reputation as a versatile talent. His first paid role was in Off-Broadway's "This Property Is Condemned". He continued appearing in plays and worked as a bouncer, a bodyguard and a delivery man. In 1984, he made his Broadway debut in "Open Admissions", followed by work in numerous other stage plays. In 2012, D'Onofrio returned to teach at the Lee Strasberg Theater & Film Institute. As a film actor, D'Onofrio's career break came when he played a mentally unbalanced recruit in Full Metal Jacket , directed by the renowned Stanley Kubrick . For this role D'Onofrio gained nearly 70 pounds. He had a major role in Dying Young , and appeared prominently in the box-office smash Men in Black as the bad guy (Edgar "The Bug"). Other films of note in which he has appeared are Mystic Pizza , JFK , The Player , Ed Wood , The Cell , The Break-Up and Jurassic World . In 1996, D'Onofrio garnered critical acclaim along with co-star Renée Zellweger for The Whole Wide World , which he helped produce. He also made a guest appearance in The Subway , where he played an accident victim who could not be rescued and was destined to die. For this performance he won an Emmy nomination. In 2000, he both produced and starred in Steal This Movie , a biopic of radical leader Abbie Hoffman . In 2001, D'Onofrio took the role which has likely given him his greatest public recognition: Det. Robert Goren, the lead character in the TV series Law & Order: Criminal Intent . Goren is based on Sherlock Holmes but, instead of relying upon physical evidence like Holmes, D'Onofrio's character focuses on psychology to identify the perpetrators, whom he often draws into confessing or yielding condemning evidence. He played the part for 10 years. In his career D'Onofrio's various film characters have included a priest, a bisexual former porn star, a hijacker, a serial killer, Orson Welles , a space alien, a 1960s radical leader, a pulp fiction writer, an ingenious police investigator and Stuart Smalley's dope-head brother. His on-screen love interests have included Julia Roberts , Cameron Diaz , Renée Zellweger , Marisa Tomei , Tracey Ullman , Rebecca De Mornay and Lili Taylor . One of his latest roles is in Marvel's Daredevil as Daredevil's nemesis, Wilson Fisk. He lives in Manhattan with his wife and children. Dakota Fanning Hannah Dakota Fanning was born on the 23rd of February 1994, in Conyers, Georgia, USA, to Heather Joy (Arrington) and Steven Fanning . Her mother played professional tennis, and her father, now an electronics salesman, played minor league baseball. She is of German, Irish, English, French, and Channel Islander descent. Before her debut into the cinematic world, Dakota did her own acting around her house. She was very active for her age, and often put a blanket under her shirt and pretended to be having a baby, using her younger sister, Elle Fanning , who is also an actress now, as the baby. Dakota went to a playhouse near her home, where the children that attended put on a play every week to show to their parents. But the people running the playhouse noticed that Dakota stood out, and advised her parents to take her to an agency. They believed that she was extremely talented. The Fanning family were advised to spend six weeks in Los Angeles, a long way from their home in Georgia. But there Dakota managed to get her first work; to star in a national Tide commercial. She was chosen out of many, many other children. The family then decided to move to Los An	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: October 2015 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 1st round of the cup 27th October Questions compiled by the Plough Horntails and the Robin Hood. 1. What is the capital of the US State of Kansas? A. Topeka 2. What is the capital of the US State of Connecticut? A. Hartford 3. Which Shipping Area lies between Wight and Plymouth A. Portland? 4. Which Shipping Area lies between South East Iceland and Fair Isle A. Faeroes? 5. Name the castle in Kent which was the home of the Boleyn family when their daughter Anne married Henry VIII. A. Hever Castle 6. Monticello in the US state of Virginia was the home of which of their Presidents? A. Thomas Jefferson 7. Which actress played Elizabeth Bennet to Colin Firth’s Mr Darcy in the TV production of Pride & Prejudice? A. Jennifer Ehle 8. Which actor played Inspector George Gently? A. Martin Shaw 9. Neville Norway was the real name of which 20th C novelist? A. Nevil Shute 10. David Ivor Davies was the real name of which 20th C composer and entertainer? A. Ivor Novello 11. In which city was the composer Frederick Delius born in 1862? A.Bradford 12. What was the title of the first novel in Terry Prachett's Discworld series? A.The colour of magic 13. What military rank was held by James Bond? A.Commander, Royal Navy. 14. Who was the artistic director for the London 2012 Olympic Opening ceremony? A.Danny Boyle. 15. What is the capital of Namibia? A.Windhoek 16. Who founded the Bauhaus school of architecture and design in Germany in 1919? A.Walter Gropius. 17. Which British playwright wrote "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead"? A.Tom Stoppard 18. Who in 1932 became the first female to fly non-stop across the Atlantic single-handed? A.Amelia Earhart 19. Which was the first country to host a FIFA World Cup tournament for a second time? A.Mexico (1970 & 1986). 20. Which author wrote the novels "Blott on the Landscape" and "Porterhouse Blue"? A Tom Sharpe. 21. In which castle was Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned and later executed? A Fotheringay. 22. Which obstacle to navigation does the Welland Canal bypass? A Niagara Falls 23. Mountain, Grevys and Plains are the three subspecies of which animal? A Zebra. 24. In Shakespeare’s plays who are Valentine and Proteus? A The Two Gentlemen of Verona. 25. On which river does the city of Hereford stand? A Wye 26. In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, what was the name of the computer that gave 42 as the answer to the ultimate question of life, the universe, and everything? A Deep Thought 27. Whose official country residence is Dorneywood, Buckinghamshire? A Chancellor of the Exchequer. 28. What is the name for a line on a map connecting points of equal underwater depth? A Isobath 29. From which plant are vanilla pods obtained? A.Orchid, specifically the Vanilla Orchid. 30. Who wrote the book “The Interpretation of Dreams”? A.Sigmund Freud. 31. Near which city are the villages of Bevendean, Saltdean and Roedean? A.Brighton & Hove (accept Brighton) 32. In which county are the villages of Melmerby, Langwathby and Glassonby ? A.Cumbria 33. Where is Narita airport? A.Tokyo 34. Which city is served by airports called Tegel and Schoenefeld? A.Berlin 35. What was the name given to the 8-engine aircraft designed & owned by Howard Hughes in the 1940’s? A.The Spruce Goose 36. Who referred to the English as a ‘Nation of Shopkeepers’? A.Napoleon Bonaparte 37. Which state in the USA has the words ‘THE FIRST STATE’ on its car number plates? A.Delaware …. It was the first state to recognise the US constitution 38. Which state in the USA has the words ‘FIRST IN FLIGHT STATE’ on its car number plates? A.North Carolina ... it was where the Wright Brothers were working. 39. Playing (Played) in the 2015 Rugby Union world cup, which team has the nickname of ‘The Cherry Blossoms’? A.Japan 40. Also playing in the 2015 Rugby Union world cup, what is the nickname of Canada? A.`The Canucks` 41. What is the name given to the top vertebra of the spinal column? A.Atlas. ( also accept C1 vertebra or top Cervical) 42. Which car company used the words ‘Hand	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,368	Which is the USA’s City of Brotherly Love?	City of Brotherly Love — Philadelphia [ushistory.org] 4c. City of Brotherly Love — Philadelphia The Print and Picture Collection, The Free Library of William Russell Birch's idyllic engraving of the back of the Pennsylvania State House hints at the diversity of race and class that typified Philadelphia at the turn of the 19th century. William Penn had a distaste for cities. His colony, Pennsylvania , would need a capital that would not bring the horrors of European urban life to the shores of his New World experiment. Penn determined to design and to administer the city himself to prevent such an occurrence. He looked with disdain on London's crowded conditions and sought to prevent this by designing a city plan with streets wider than any major thoroughfare in London. Five major squares dotted the cityscape, and Penn hoped that each dweller would have a family garden. He distributed land in large plots to encourage a low population density. This, he thought, would be the perfect combination of city and country. In 1681, he made it happen. Penn's selection of a site was most careful. Philadelphia is situated at the confluence of the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers. He hoped that the Delaware would supply the needed outlet to the Atlantic and that the Schuylkill would be the needed artery into the interior of Pennsylvania. This choice turned out to be controversial. The proprietors of Maryland claimed that Penn's new city lay within the boundaries of Maryland. Penn returned to England to defend his town many times. Eventually the issue would be decided on the eve of the Revolution by the drawing of the famed Mason-Dixon Line. With Penn promoting religious toleration, people of many different faiths came to Philadelphia. The Quakers may have been tolerant of religious differences, but were fairly uncompromising with moral digressions. It was illegal to tell lies in conversation and even to perform stage plays. Cards and dice were forbidden. Upholding the city's moral code was taken very seriously. This code did not extend to chattel slavery. In the early days, slavery was commonplace in the streets of Philadelphia. William Penn himself was a slaveholder. Although the first antislavery society in the colonies would eventually be founded by Quakers, the early days were not free of the curse of human bondage. Early Philadelphia had its ups and downs. William Penn spent only about four years of his life in Pennsylvania. In his absence, Philadelphians quibbled about many issues. At one point, Penn appointed a former soldier, John Blackwell, to bring discipline to town government. Still, before long Philadelphia prospered as a trading center. Within twenty years, it was the third largest city, behind Boston and New York. A century later it would emerge as the new nation's largest city, first capital, and cradle of the Liberty Bell , Declaration of Independence , and Constitution.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 4th November The Questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Set by The Lamb Inn ART & ENTERTAINMENT 1. Q. Offenbach’s barcarolle from ‘The Tales of Hoffman’ is a famous piece of music, but what is a barcarolle ? A. A BOATING SONG (Accept any reference to boats). 2. Q. Which Gilbert & Sullivan operetta contains the song generally known as ‘A Policeman’s lot is not a happy one’ ? A. THE PIRATES OF PENZANCE. 3. Q. Which TV presenter is the daughter of Newspaper Editor and Columnist Eve Pollard ? A. CLAUDIA WINKELMAN. 4. Q. Who created the statue of ‘St.Michael’s victory over the Devil’ on Coventry Cathedral ? A. JACOB EPSTEIN. 5. Q. Which artist painted the work entitled ‘Guernica’ ? A. PABLO PICASSO. 6. Q. In the TV series ‘Inspector Morse’, who wrote the theme tune ? A. BARRINGTON PHELOUNG 7. Q. Mark McManus of ‘Taggart’ fame had a famous singing half-brother. Who is he ? A. BRIAN CONNOLLY (Lead singer of The Sweet). 8. Q. Who composed the music for the films ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’ and ‘The Mission’ ? A. ENNIO MORRICONE. (a) Q. Which piece of music preceded TV’s ‘The Lone Ranger’ ? A. THE WILLIAM TELL OVERTURE (Giaochino Rossini) (b) Q. Who is the mother of actress Joely Richardson ? A. VANESSA REDGRAVE. (c) Q. In which play does Mrs. Malaprop appear ? A. THE RIVALS (by Sheridan) 1) What is the capital of Croatia ? (A) Zagreb 2) Which river runs through Leicester ? (A) Soar 3) What is described as : a U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water ? (A) Ox Bow Lake 4) What is the largest lake in Europe ? (A) Lake Lagoda (14th largest in the world.) 5) What is a line on a map or chart joining points of equal height or depth called ? (A) Contour 6) Which city is the capital of Canada ? (A) Ottawa 7) Which river runs through Ipswich ? (A) Orwell 8) Yosemite National Park is in which US State ? (A) California SUPPLEMENTARIES (a) Greenland belongs to which country ? (A) Denmark. (b) In which country are the largest waterfalls measured by flow-rate in Europe ? (A) Switzerland (Rhine falls) 1. Q. Which statesman married Miss Clementine Hosier in 1908 ? A. WINSTON CHURCHILL. 2. Q. Who founded The National Viewers & Listeners Association in 1965 ? A. MARY WHITEHOUSE. 3. Q. In which year did the first human heart transplant take place ? A. 1967 (allow 1966-1968). 4. Q. Where was Princess Elizabeth staying when she was given the news of her accession to the throne in 1558 ? A. HATFIELD HOUSE in Hertfordshire. 5. Q. Give a year in the life of Ivan the Terrible. A. 1530 – 1584 6. Q. The Rolls Royce ‘Thrust Measuring Rig’ developed in the 1950’s took off vertically, but what was its nickname ? A. THE FLYING BEDSTEAD. 7. Q. Whose London monument by Edward Bailey is guarded by Edwin Landseer’s lions? A. NELSON 8. Q. What, infamously, happened at Yekaterinburg on July 17th 1918 ? A. THE ASSASINATION OF THE RUSSIAN ROYAL FAMILY (THE ROMANOVS) (a) Q. What was the code-name for planned German invasion of Britain ? A. OPERATION SEA LION. (b) Q. What is the connection between a large fish-eating bird and Drake’s ship ? A. PELICAN (Name of Drakes ship before becoming The Golden Hind). SCIENCE 1. Q. What is the tradename of the Du Pont synthetic fibre of high-tensile strength used mainly in rubber products, notably tyres and bullet-proof vests ? A. KEVLAR. 2. Q. In astronomy, where would you find the ‘Cassini Division’ ? A. SATURNS RINGS. 3. Q. As a percentage, what is the average salinity of sea water ? A. 3.5% (accept 3% to 4%) 4. Q. What name is given to static discharges visible on aircraft wing tips and the tops of ships masts ? A. ST. ELMO’S FIRE. 5. Q. In what device in the home would you find a magnetron ? A. MICROWAVE OVEN. 6. Q. Traditionally, how have teachers always used sticks of calcium sulphate ? A. BLACKBOARD CHALK. 7. Q. Why is sodium carbonate sometimes added to a water supply ? A. TO REDUCE NATURAL HARDNESS. 8. Q. Which element is common to all acids ? A. HYDROGEN. (a) Q. By what name is deuterium oxide also kn	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,369	How was Walker Smith Robinson better known?	The Official Site of Sugar Ray Robinson Although this charismatic boxer was born Walker Smith Jr., he is best remembered as "Sugar" Ray Robinson. Born on May 3, 1921 in Ailey, Georgia, his parents moved the family to New York when Sugar Ray was a teenager to escape the prevalent prejudice in the South. It was there, in a Harlem gym, that he was first introduced to boxing. Sugar Ray visited the gym frequently, using a borrowed Amateur Athletic Union boxing card of a friend. The friend's name, incidentally, was Ray Robinson. His natural talent in the ring began to draw attention, and soon crowds gathered to watch Sugar Ray perform. When future coach George Gainford watched him box for the first time, Gainford commented that the young boxer's style and fluid motions were "sweet as sugar." Others agreed, and the nickname stuck. After winning the New York Golden Gloves championship in 1940, 19-year-old Sugar Ray turned pro and never looked back. By 1946, Sugar Ray was the world welterweight champion. His reign included a 91 fight winning-streak. He held the title for five years, and then moved onto acquiring the world middleweight title, which he held five times between 1951-1960. A dominant force in the boxing ring for two decades, Sugar Ray was 38 when he won his last middleweight title. In the mid-1960s, Sugar Ray exited the ring gracefully. "No beefs, George," he told his coach. "Sometimes we got the best of it in the past." Sugar Ray's record was 128-1-2 with 84 knockouts at the pinnacle of his career. Amazingly, in over 200 fights, Sugar Ray was never physically knocked out (though he did receive one technical KO). Altogether, he amassed 109 KOs, and finished with a record of 175-19-6 with two no-decisions. World champion Muhammad Ali called him "the king, the master, my idol." In 1997, The Ring magazine named Sugar Ray "pound for pound, the best boxer of all time." More recently, in 1999, the Associated Press named him both the greatest welterweight and middleweight boxer of the century.	Tobago Legends \| Aston Villa Stadium: Villa Park Capacity: 42,682 Aston Villa Football Club is based in Witton, Birmingham, they play in the Premier League, the highest level of English football. Founded in 1874, they have played at their current home ground, Villa Park, since 1897. Aston Villa are founder members of The Football League in 1888. They are also founder members of the Premier League in 1992, and have remained there ever since ALAN WRIGHT Alan’s exciting football journey took him all the way from Blackpool to nearby Fleetwood – with plenty of other ports of call in between – including an illustrious spell with Aston Villa for whom he made 260 league appearances. Tiny, tenacious and technical, Alan won many friends and admirers during a distinguished 22-year professional career. UGO EHIOGU Tottenham Under 21 coach Ugo is probably best remembered for his nine-year and seven-year spells with Aston Villa and Middlesbrough; two clubs he served with distinction and accumulated over 350 league appearances. He won 15 England Under 21 caps, made his full international debut against China in 1996 and went on to win a further three caps, scoring his one England goal against Spain in 2001. DARIUS VASSELL Who could forget Darius’ amazing emergence on the international scene when he scored a wonder goal on his debut for England against Holland in 2002. The former Aston Villa, Manchester City and Leicester striker made 22 appearances for his country, scoring six goals in the process, and played in both the 2002 World Cup and 2004 European Championship finals. Blessed with great pace and an eye for goal, he made over 300 league appearances for his three English clubs. MARK WALTERS It was perhaps somewhat ironic that a player with the middle name of ‘Everton’ should find himself playing for Liverpool having established a stellar reputation as a fleet-footed, destructible winger with Aston Villa and Glasgow Rangers where he overcame Scottish scepticism and racism to be become a fans’ favourite. After spells on loan at Stoke and Wolves, Mark played for Southampton, Swindon and Bristol Rovers, ending his career with 600 league appearances (128 goals) to his name. DARREN BYFIELD Having begun his career with Aston Villa , Darren played for no fewer than 13 professional clubs before ending his playing days back in the West Midlands in the non league with Solihull Motors. Walsall, Rotherham and Gillingham fans, in particular, remember him with great affection as he clocked up well over 100 league goals in a much-travelled career, which also included six appearances for Jamaica for whom he scored his one and only international goal. Gavin Ward The phrase ‘have boots will travel’ should be changed to ‘have gloves will travel’ in the case of former keeper Gavin Ward who was on the books of no fewer than 16 league clubs during a career spanning 26 years. His best times as player came during a ten-year spell when he represented the likes of Cardiff, Leicester, Bradford, Bolton and Stoke, in particular, with great distinction. After massing 377 league appearances he turned to coaching, with Nottingham Forest and then Burton. Graham Fenton Born in Whitley Bay in the North East of England, Graham first made his mark in the West Midlands as a teenage sensation with Aston Villa for whom he made over 30 league appearances. He also played for Blackburn, Leicester, Stoke and Blackpool and even had a spell in Scotland with St Mirren in 2000. He won one Under 21 international cap for England; it should have been more. He finished his playing career with North Shields who he went on to manage. Stefan Moore A product of the Aston Villa academy, Stefan came through the ranks at Villa Park with younger brother Luke and after making his first team debut in 2001, he went on to make more than 20 league appearances for his hometown club. After a three-year spell with Queens Park Rangers, he dropped into the non league scene, initially with Kidderminster Harriers, and he is currently playing in the Conference North for Solihull Motors. He represented Engl	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,370	What is the medical condition in which a person has an extreme tendency to fall asleep at inappropriate times?	What is narcolepsy, symptoms & causes - WebMD How Is Narcolepsy Treated? Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the control of sleep and wakefulness. People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. These sudden sleep attacks may occur during any type of activity at any time of the day. In a typical sleep cycle , we initially enter the early stages of sleep followed by deeper sleep stages and ultimately (after about 90 minutes) rapid eye movement (REM) sleep . For people suffering from narcolepsy, REM sleep occurs almost immediately in the sleep cycle, as well as periodically during the waking hours. It is in REM sleep that we can experience dreams and muscle paralysis -- which explains some of the symptoms of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy usually begins between the ages of 15 and 25, but it can become apparent at any age. In many cases, narcolepsy is undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated. What Causes Narcolepsy? The cause of narcolepsy is not known; however, scientists have made progress toward identifying genes strongly associated with the disorder. These genes control the production of chemicals in the brain that may signal sleep and awake cycles. Some experts think narcolepsy may be due to a deficiency in the production of a chemical called hypocretin by the brain . In addition, researchers have discovered abnormalities in various parts of the brain involved in regulating REM sleep . These abnormalities apparently contribute to symptom development. According to experts, it is likely narcolepsy involves multiple factors that interact to cause neurological dysfunction and REM sleep disturbances. What Are the Symptoms of Narcolepsy? Symptoms of narcolepsy include: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): In general, EDS interferes with normal activities on a daily basis, whether or not a person with narcolepsy has sufficient sleep at night. People with EDS report mental cloudiness, a lack of energy and concentration, memory lapses, a depressed mood, and/or extreme exhaustion. Cataplexy: This symptom consists of a sudden loss of muscle tone that leads to feelings of weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control. It can cause symptoms ranging from slurred speech to total body collapse, depending on the muscles involved, and is often triggered by intense emotions such as surprise, laughter, or anger. Hallucinations : Usually, these delusional experiences are vivid and frequently frightening. The content is primarily visual, but any of the other senses can be involved. These are called hypnagogic hallucinations when accompanying sleep onset and hypnopompic hallucinations when they occur during awakening. Sleep paralysis : This symptom involves the temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes are generally brief, lasting a few seconds to several minutes. After episodes end, people rapidly recover their full capacity to move and speak. Continued How Is Narcolepsy Diagnosed? A physical exam and exhaustive medical history are essential for proper diagnosis of narcolepsy. However, none of the major symptoms is exclusive to narcolepsy. Several specialized tests, which can be performed in a sleep disorders clinic or sleep lab, usually are required before a diagnosis can be established. Two tests that are considered essential in confirming a diagnosis of narcolepsy are the polysomnogram (PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). The PSG is an overnight test that takes continuous multiple measurements while a patient is asleep to document abnormalities in the sleep cycle. A PSG can help reveal whether REM sleep occurs at abnormal times in the sleep cycle and can eliminate the possibility that an individual's symptoms result from another condition. The MSLT is performed during the day to measure a person's tendency to fall asleep and to determine whether isolated elements of REM sleep intrude at inappropriate times during the waking hours. As part of the test, an individual is asked to take	Narcolepsy Fact Sheet \| National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Where can I get more information? What is narcolepsy? Narcolepsy is a chronic brain disorder that involves poor control of sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy experience periods of extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, irresistible bouts of sleep that can strike at any time. These “sleep attacks” usually last a few seconds to several minutes. Narcolepsy can greatly affect daily activities. People may unwillingly fall asleep while at work or at school, when having a conversation, playing a game, eating a meal, or, most dangerously, when driving or operating other types of machinery. In addition to daytime sleepiness, other major symptoms may include cataplexy (a sudden loss of voluntary muscle tone while awake that makes a person go limp or unable to move), vivid dream-like images or hallucinations, as well as total paralysis just before falling asleep or just after waking-up. Contrary to common beliefs, people with narcolepsy do not spend a substantially greater proportion of their time asleep during a 24-hour period than do normal sleepers. In addition to daytime drowsiness and uncontrollable sleep episodes, most individuals also experience poor sleep quality that can involve frequent waking during nighttime sleep, and other sleep disorders. For most adults, a normal night's sleep lasts about 8 hours and is composed of four to six separate sleep cycles. A sleep cycle is defined by a segment of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep followed by a period of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The NREM segment can be further divided into increasingly deeper stages of sleep according to the size and frequency of brain waves. REM sleep is accompanied by bursts of rapid eye movement along with sharply heightened brain activity and temporary paralysis of the muscles that control posture and body movement. When subjects are awakened, they report that they were "having a dream" more often if they had been in REM sleep than if they had been in NREM sleep. Transitions from NREM to REM sleep are controlled by interactions among groups of neurons (nerve cells) located in different parts of the brain. For normal sleepers a typical sleep cycle is about 100 to 110 minutes long, beginning with NREM sleep and transitioning to REM sleep after 80 to 100 minutes. People with narcolepsy frequently enter REM sleep within a few minutes of falling asleep. Who gets narcolepsy? Narcolepsy affects both males and female equally and appears throughout the world. Symptoms often start in childhood or adolescence, but can occur later in life. The condition is life-long. Narcolepsy is not rare, but it is an underrecognized and underdiagnosed condition. Narcolepsy with cataplexy is estimated to affect about one in every 3,000 Americans. More cases without cataplexy are also likely to exist. What are the symptoms? People with narcolepsy experience various types of day- and nighttime sleep problems that are associated with REM sleep disturbances that tend to begin subtly and may change dramatically over time. The most common major symptom, other than excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), is cataplexy, which occurs in about 70 percent of all people with narcolepsy. Sleep paralysis and hallucinations are somewhat less common. Only 10 to 25 percent of affected individuals, however, display all four of these major symptoms during the course of their illness. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) EDS, the symptom most consistently experienced by almost all individuals with narcolepsy, is usually the first to become clinically apparent. Generally, EDS interferes with normal activities on a daily basis, whether or not individuals had sufficient sleep at night. People with EDS describe it as a persistent sense of mental cloudiness, a lack of energy, a depressed mood, or extreme exhaustion. Some people experience memory lapses, and many have great difficulty maintaining their concentration while at school, wor	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,371	How was Erik Weiss better known?	Erich Weiss - definition of Erich Weiss by The Free Dictionary Erich Weiss - definition of Erich Weiss by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Erich+Weiss Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Harry Houdini - United States magician (born in Hungary) famous for his ability to escape from chains or handcuffs or straitjackets or padlocked containers (1874-1926) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Houdini References in periodicals archive ? In this documentary, the first in a new series of Perspectives, Davies goes on the trail of the man born Erich Weiss to see what drove him to perform his death-defying stunts, and just how he became one of the most successful entertainers in the world. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.	Charles Lindbergh \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh Signature Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974), nicknamed Slim, [1] Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist. As a 25-year-old U.S. Air Mail pilot, Lindbergh emerged suddenly from virtual obscurity to instantaneous world fame as the result of his Orteig Prize -winning solo non-stop flight on May 20–21, 1927, made from Roosevelt Field [N 1] in Garden City on New York's Long Island to Le Bourget Field in Paris, France, a distance of nearly 3,600 statute miles (5,800 km), in the single-seat, single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane Spirit of St. Louis . As a result of this flight Lindbergh was the first person in history to be in New York one day and Paris the next. Lindbergh, a U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve officer, was also awarded the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor , for his historic exploit. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Lindbergh used his fame to promote the development of both commercial aviation and Air Mail services in the United States and the Americas. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles, Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what was soon dubbed the "Crime of the Century" . It was described by journalist H.L. Mencken, as "... the biggest story since the resurrection." [2] The kidnapping eventually led to the Lindbergh family being "driven into voluntary exile" in Europe to which they sailed in secrecy from New York under assumed names in late December 1935 to "seek a safe, secluded residence away from the tremendous public hysteria" in America. The Lindberghs returned to the United States in April 1939. Before the United States formally entered World War II , Lindbergh had been an outspoken advocate of keeping the U.S. out of the world conflict, as had his father, Congressman Charles August Lindbergh , during World War I . Although Lindbergh was a leader in the anti-war America First movement, he nevertheless strongly supported the war effort after Pearl Harbor and flew many combat missions in the Pacific Theater of World War II as a civilian consultant even though President Franklin D. Roosevelt had refused to reinstate his Army Air Corps colonel's commission that he had resigned in April 1941. In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific prize-winning author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist. Contents Edit Charles A. Lindbergh: son and father c. 1910 Although born in Detroit, Michigan, on February 4, 1902, Charles Agustus Lindbergh spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota , and Washington, D.C.. He was the third child of Swedish immigrant Charles August Lindbergh ( birth name Carl Månsson) (1859–1924), and only child of his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954), of Detroit although the Lindberghs separated in 1909 when their son was seven. [3] Lindbergh's father, a U.S. Congressman (R-Minnesota (6th)) from 1907 to 1917, was one of just fifty House members to vote against (373-50) the entry of the U.S. into World War I. [4] Mrs. Lindbergh was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh also attended over a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including the Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California while living there with his mother. [5] Although he enrolled in the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in the middle of his sophomore year and headed for Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training. [6] Early aviation career Edit From an early age Charles Lindbergh had exhibited an interest in the mechanics of motorized transportation, including his family's Saxon Six automo	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,372	Which artist's studio was known as The Factory?	Andy Warhol Born: August 6, 1928, in Soho, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Died: February 22, 1987, in New York City, New York Vocations: Artist, Filmmaker, Author, Picture Book Illustrator Geographic Connection to Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh, Allegheny County Keywords: Glamor Factory; Interview; Pop Art; Studio 54; Velvet Underground Abstract: Andy Warhol was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was an American painter, printmaker, filmmaker, and the leading figure of the Pop Art Movement. He was known for his use of the silk screening print process on the extravagant prints he made, depicting celebrities and common place items. He is also known for being the founder of Interview Magazine. Warhol lived a lavish lifestyle with sex, drugs, and rock n’roll at the center. Andy Warhol died on February 22, 1987 at the age of 58. The Andy Warhol Museum was built in his honor in his hometown of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Biography: “In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes,” was artist Andy Warhol’s most famous line, and throughout his career he certainly earned those fifteen minutes. Rising from a small town outside of Pittsburgh, the sickly Warhol rose to fame through taking unusual printed materials: nose-job ads, dance diagrams, and tabloid photographs and turned them into glamorous museum pieces. For the avant-garde painter who made “business art” and hardly ever touched a brush, his “fifteen minutes of fame” are still ticking away. He was a manwho changed American culture more than he changed the art world, and in doing so he became one of the most controversial and talked about people of the 20th century. Andrew Warhola was born on August 6, 1928 to Ondrej and Ulja Warhola at 73 Orr Street in Soho, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Andy had two older brothers, Jan and Pavol, who were both born in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire,in what is now the nation of Slovakia. Ulja Warhola raised the children while Ondrej labored as a construction worker for a few months before he began to mine coal. Andy Warhola had health problems growing up, and one in particular would set him on his path in life. In third grade, young Andy was diagnosed with chorea, a nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, and which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever and causes skin pigmentation blotchiness. Being so sick and constantly in and out of hospitals caused Andy to fear them—not to mention his illness kept him bed ridden for the majority of his childhood. While bedridden, Warhol took to drawing, something he saw his mother doing quite often according to their neighbor, Angela Caldwell: “During the years when Andy was sick he always had around him pictures of his favorite musicians and actors, he was obsessed with celebrities before we were.” In August 1949, Andy Warhola graduated from the Carnegie Institute of Technology where he studied commercial art (pictorial design). Warhola attributed his aspirations to be an artist to his many years stuck in bed: “Art came naturally to me, my mother was a good artist, but what really helped me find my calling --was being alone in my room day-dreaming, drawing, and discovering.” With his degree from the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Warhola packed up and moved to New York City, where he had recently received an offer to be an illustrator for Glamour magazine. His first task was to illustrate a pair of shoes for the magazine, and when the job was printed, the credits mistakenly read: “Drawings by Warhol.” Andy decided to credit himself as Warhol from that point on. Warhol continued making a name for himself through his ink illustrations and advertisements. With some of the success Warhol was experiencing, he began to find new work opportunities in different mediums. The 1950’s saw a boom in the record industry, and record companies needed a creative way to distinguish between their artist’s albums in the marketplace. In 1952, Warhol met Robert M. Jones, the lead art director at RCA record	Designer L'Wren Scott, Mick Jagger's girlfriend, found dead - CNN.com L'Wren Scott, noted fashion designer, found dead Scott was Mick Jagger's longtime girlfriend The former model introduced a Banana Republic line last year (CNN) -- L'Wren Scott, a noted fashion designer who has been Mick Jagger's companion for more than a decade, was found dead in her New York apartment Monday of an apparent suicide, according to a law enforcement official familiar with the investigation. She was 49. Scott's assistant found the designer hanging from a door knob with a scarf around her neck, the official said. There were no signs of forced entry, and police did not find a suicide note, the official said. Click through to see people who died in 2014. Edward Herrmann, the versatile, honey-voiced actor whose roles included patricians and politicians such as "Gilmore Girls" father Richard Gilmore, "The Practice" law professor Anderson Pearson and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, died on Wednesday, December 31. He was 71. Luise Rainer, who won back-to-back Oscars in the 1930s for "The Great Ziegfeld" and "The Good Earth," has died at the age of 104, her daughter reported on Tuesday, December 30. Christine Cavanaugh, who lent her distinctive voice to the title pig in "Babe," Chuckie Finster on "Rugrats" and Dexter of "Dexter's Laboratory," died December 22. She was 51. British rocker Joe Cocker died December 22 after a battle with lung cancer, Sony Music said in a statement. He was 70. Norman Bridwell, the creator of "Clifford the Big Red Dog," died December 12 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, according to his publisher, Scholastic. Bridwell was 86. Legendary photographer Michel du Cille, a 26-year veteran of The Washington Post, died December 11 while on assignment in Liberia. The Post said du Cille, 58, collapsed "during a strenuous hike on the way back from a village" affected by the African country's Ebola outbreak. Mary Ann Mobley, the first Miss America from Mississippi who turned that achievement into a movie career, died December 10 after battling breast cancer. She was 77. Ken Weatherwax, who played Pugsley on the 1960s TV show "The Addams Family," died December 7, according to the Ventura County Coroner's Office. He was 59. Ian McLagan, a fun-loving keyboardist who played on records by such artists as the Rolling Stones, Lucinda Williams, Bruce Springsteen and his own bands -- the Small Faces and its successor, the Faces -- died December 3, according to a statement from his record label, Yep Roc Records. He was 69. American saxophonist Bobby Keys, who for years toured and recorded with the Rolling Stones, died on December 2. "The Rolling Stones are devastated by the loss of their very dear friend and legendary saxophone player, Bobby Keys," the band said on Twitter. To the world, he was known as "Chespirito." Roberto Gomez Bolanos gained fame as a comedian, but he was also a writer, actor, screenwriter, songwriter, film director and TV producer. The legendary entertainer died November 28 at the age of 85. British crime novelist P.D. James died November 27 at her home in Oxford, England. She was 94. Lebanese singer and actress Sabah, one of the Arab world's most prolific entertainers with a career spanning more than six decades, died November 26, in Beirut, Lebanon's state-run National News Agency reported. She was 87. Former Washington Mayor Marion Barry is dead at the age of 78, a hospital spokeswoman said on November 23. Barry was elected four times as the city's chief executive. He was once revered nationally as a symbol of African-American political leadership. But his professional accomplishments were often overshadowed by drug and personal scandals. Acclaimed film director Mike Nichols died on November 19. Nichols, pictured here with his wife, journalist Diane Sawyer, was best known for his films "The Graduate," "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" and "The Birdcage." He was 83. Jimmy Ruffin, silky-voiced singer of the Motown classic "What Becomes of the Brokenhearted," died November 19 in Las Vegas. He was 78. 'Knight Rider"	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,373	Who wrote the book 'A Song of Ice and Fire', adapted for TV as 'Game of Thrones'?	A Song of Ice and Fire - About Game of Thrones - A Game of Thrones A Song of Ice and Fire A Song of Ice & Fire HBO Mini-Series We have 357 guests online A Song of Ice and Fire Friday, 23 April 2010 22:20 Tags: song of ice and fire - george martin - game of thrones - clash of kings - storm of swords - feast for crows - dance with dragons - winds of winter - dream of spring - epic - fantasy - hedge knight - sworn sword A Song of Ice and Fire (ASoIaF) is an epic fantasy series by American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin set in a fictional world called Westeros . Martin began writing the series in 1991 and the first volume was eventually published in 1996. The novels have gone on to inspire the creation of board and role-playing games, including our Neverwinter Nights 2 persistent world , and even a pending television adaptation by HBO. The books are known for a genre-defying willingness to unflinchingly depict patriarchal and feudal societies, extremely detailed and complex characters, sudden and often violent plot twists, and elaborate political intrigue. In a genre where magic usually takes center stage, this series has a reputation for its limited and subtle use of magic, employing it as an ambiguous and often sinister background force. To date, the series consists of four published volumes with three more projected to come: A Game of Thrones (1996) A Clash of Kings (1999) A Storm of Swords (2000) A Feast for Crows (2005) A Dance with Dragons (2011) The Winds of Winter (forthcoming) A Dream of Spring (forthcoming) Martin has also published two short stories (novellas) in the same setting, known as the "Tales of Dunk and Egg" after the main protagonists, with a third scheduled to be released in 2010. These stories are set about 90 years before the events in A Game of Thrones and have no direct connection with the plot of A Song of Ice and Fire. The Hedge Knight (appeared in Legends, ed. Robert Silverberg, 1998), also adapted as a graphic novel The Sworn Sword (appeared in Legends II, ed. Robert Silverberg, 2003), also adapted as a graphic novel The Mystery Knight (eta 2010) There are also three novellas based on chapter sets from the books: Blood of the Dragon. Taken from Daenerys chapters in A Game of Thrones. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1997. Path of the Dragon. Taken from Daenerys chapters in A Storm of Swords. Arms of the Kraken. Taken from the Iron Islands chapters in A Feast for Crows. Plot and Setting A Song of Ice and Fire is set in a fictitious world reminiscent of Europe in the Middle Ages. There are three principal storylines in the series, divided by geography and participants, recounted from the perspectives of more than twenty characters. The first storyline, set in the Seven Kingdoms, chronicles a many-sided struggle for the Iron Throne that develops after King Robert 's death. The second storyline is set on the extreme northern border of Westeros and follows the adventures of Jon Snow , bastard son of Eddard Stark , as he rises through the ranks of the Night's Watch , learns the true nature of the threat from the north, and prepares to defend the realm from it, despite the fact that the people of Westeros are too busy warring with one another to support his struggle. The third storyline is set on the vast, unnamed eastern continent and follows the journeys of Daenerys Targaryen, the last scion of House Targaryen and another claimant to the Iron Throne. Historical and Literary Sources Numerous parallels have been drawn between the events and characters in A Song of Ice and Fire and events and people involved in the Wars of the Roses. Two of the principal families in A Song of Ice and Fire, the Starks and the Lannisters , are seen as representing the historical House of York and House of Lancaster, respectively. A comparison of Martin's map of Northern Westeros and a map of Great Britain will also show a geographical resemblance. Martin's "Wall" geographically corresponding with Hadrian's Wall and Dorne with Cornwall. Westeros is, however, much larger than Britain, stretching for	A Song of Ice and Fire (Literature) - TV Tropes A Song of Ice and Fire You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share Literature / A Song of Ice and Fire × Here there be many a trope, in the great wide world of Ice and Fire. "He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire." — Rhaegar Targaryen, A Clash of Kings A Song of Ice and Fire is a bestselling Doorstopper epic fantasy series written by George R.R. Martin . The first book (out of a planned seven) was published in 1996 and the series reached its fifth book in 2011. In addition to the main books there are a variety of spin-offs and related media, such as prequels and in-universe history texts. The series is primarily set on the continent of Westeros, in a world where the seasons can last for years . Fifteen years ago lords Eddard Stark and Robert Baratheon, along with their foster father Jon Arryn, rose up in rebellion and overthrew the Mad King Aerys Targaryen . They appointed Robert to the throne and drove Aerys' children into exile, breaking a 300-year dynasty of inbred kings. Now Eddard rules his northern homeland and raises his own family in peace. When Jon Arryn unexpectedly dies King Robert ventures north to name Eddard as the new Hand of the King, the most powerful man in the Seven Kingdoms after the king himself. Eddard must leave his home to join the corrupt court in King's Landing and find the truth about Jon's death, unwittingly setting a civil war into motion. Unbeknownst to all the vengeance-mad children of King Aerys, living in exile far away from Westeros, plot their return. Meanwhile Eddard's acknowledged bastard Jon Snow ventures north to join the Night's Watch at the Wall, an ancient structure erected eons ago. The Wall is supposed to keep out the Others, a mysterious race of ice demons who once ravaged Westeros and nearly wiped out mankind. However the Others have been unseen for so long that most living people think them a myth, and the once-honourable Watch has been reduced to a fraction of the size it once was and is now mostly composed of condemned criminals commuting their death sentences . The Others are prophesied to return in the Longest Night, a winter colder than any other, which will last forever if the Others should conquer Westeros. Naturally, at the time these novels are set, winter is coming and it could not come at a worse time for a land which is soon to be engulfed in tyranny, civil war, and invaders from across the sea. Main series Archmaester Gyldayn's Histories : The Princess and the Queen, or, The Blacks and the Greens: A novella written as an in-universe history text, narrating the events of the Dance of the Dragons, a war of succession between rival Targaryen branches 170 years before the time of the main series. The Rogue Prince, or, The King's Brother: A novella narrating the exploits of Prince Daemon Targaryen, including the events leading to "The Princess and the Queen", published in June 2014 as part of an anthology of short stories Martin helped publish called Rogues. (Martin also provided the forward) Tales of Dunk and Egg - Novellas set 90 years before the conflict of the main series. Three tales - "The Hedge Knight", "The Sworn Sword" and "The Mystery Knight", have been published, but George R. R. Martin has announced that this will be an ongoing series that will eventually chronicle the complete adventures of Dunk and Egg. These have also been adapted as graphic novels. A World of Ice and Fire (a.k.a. A Game of Thrones Guide): A smartphone app offering details on a multitude of events, characters, and locations written by Elio M. Garcia Jr. and Linda Antonsson, the admins of popular fansite Westeros.org. The Lands of Ice and Fire: A book of poster-sized maps, including regions of the world that have yet to be explored in the novels. The World of Ice & Fire : The Untold History of Westeros and the Game of Thrones: A series encyclopedia, co-written by Martin, Garcia, and Antonsson. The book is framed as a history written by one Maester Yandel and presented to King	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,506,374	Inspired largely by John Calvin, the Hugeunots minorities of the 16th century were?	Ichthus Fellowship Ministry: Huguenot Ichthus Fellowship Ministry Huguenot The Huguenot A Huguenot is a member of a French Protestant denomination with origins in the 16th or 17th centuries. Historically, Huguenots were French Protestants inspired by the writings of John Calvin (Jean Calvin in French) in the 1530s, who became known by that originally derisive designation by the end of the 16th century. The majority of Huguenots endorsed the Reformed tradition of Protestantism. The Huguenots were persecuted for their religion and many emigrated to what would become Canada, the UK, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, as well as other tolerant European nations. Many Americans who are researching their family history find Huguenot ancestors in their lineage. The Huguenot cross is a sign of this lineage, as well as a show of solidarity for people suffering religious persecution all over the world. Huguenot numbers peaked near an estimated two million by 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew, in spite of increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration from the French crown. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. Signed by Henry IV of France at Nantes on April 13th, 1598, the edict put a temporary end to the ferocious religious wars between Roman Catholics and Protestants which had torn France apart since the 1560s. Of the numerous assassinations and atrocities carried out by both sides, the most notorious was the St Bartholomew’s Day massacre of Protestants in Paris in 1572. The French Calvinists, who were known as Huguenots, were only in a minority in France, but they had created a virtual state within a state and held numerous fortified towns. Now, after skillful persuasion by Catholic diplomats and much hard bargaining, they accepted a document of ninety-two articles granting them a measure of religious toleration as well as social and political equality. Huguenots were to be entitled to worship freely everywhere in France in private, and publicly in some 200 named towns and on the estates of Protestant landowners. They were permitted to inherit property, engage in trade, attend all schools and universities, and be treated in hospitals on the same basis as everyone else. There was a full amnesty for crimes committed during the wars by both sides and in secret articles, signed on May 2nd, the government agreed to pay the Protestant pastors and subsidize the garrisons of some fifty Huguenot fortified towns. Catholic opponents of the edict were gradually won over and the eventual outcome of what had been virtually a prolonged civil war was the strengthening of the French monarchy, which was able to neutralize the two rival factions. Henry IV, king of the Pyrennean statelet of Navarre, came from a junior branch of the royal Valois dynasty of France. He succeeded to the French throne in 1589 after the murder of his predecessor, Henry III, by a Catholic fanatic. He was the first of the Bourbon kings of France and, though himself a notable Protestant leader, four years after succeeding to the throne he became a Roman Catholic because that was the religion of the great majority of his subjects and, in his famous remark, he considered Paris well worth a mass. Some historians regard the Edict of Nantes as an equally cynical stratagem to draw the Huguenot sting, as in fact it did. Protestantism weakened in France after 1598 until eventually Louis XIV’s revocation of the edict in 1685 led to mass emigration of Huguenots to England and other countries. Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious	Sir John Harrington - Sir John Harrington Biography - Poem Hunter Sir John Harrington - Sir John Harrington Biography - Poem Hunter Biography Biography of Sir John Harrington John Harington (also spelled Harrington) (4 August 1561 – 20 November 1612), of Kelston, was a courtier, author and master of art. He became a prominent member of Queen Elizabeth I's court, and was known as her 'saucy Godson'. But because of his poetry and other writings, he fell in and out of favour with the Queen, as well as with her successor, James I. The work for which he is best known today, A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, called the Metamorphosis of Ajax (1596) is in fact a political allegory, a 'device' in the contemporary sense of an emblem, not in the modern sense of a mechanical device. It is a coded attack, as his autograph marginal notes make clear, on the 'stercus' or excrement that was poisoning society with torture and state-sponsored 'libells' against his relatives Thomas Markham and Ralph Sheldon. The work enjoyed considerable popularity on its publication in 1596. Harington is most popularly known as the inventor of the Flush toilet. He is also remembered for the political epigram, "Treason doth never prosper: what’s the reason? Why, if it prosper, none dare call it treason." Harington continued to write, even though he had vowed to give up poetry upon the death of Queen Elizabeth. He published just one more slim volume of verse in 1607, but continued to send letters both to friends and to the king's eldest son, Prince Henry, until 1609. Some of these letters were later collected by Harington's descendant, Henry Harington, and published under the title of Nugae Antiquae in 1769. The volume is a significant source for the history of the Tudor re-conquest of Ireland. Orlando Furioso	trivia_qa.jsonl

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