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1,508,175	Who plays the part of Charles Xavier in the 2011 film `X-Men First Class'?	‘X-Men: First Class’: James McAvoy is ready to get bald for a sequel \| Hero Complex – movies, comics, pop culture – Los Angeles Times ‘X-Men: First Class’: James McAvoy is ready to get bald for a sequel June 02, 2011 \| 3:56 p.m. James McAvoy plays a young Charles Xavier in "X-Men: First Class." (20th Century Fox) “X-Men: First Class” star James McAvoy was back at his home in London on Wednesday and waiting for the film’s opening weekend with the mix of anxiety and excitement you might expect. The film, directed by Matthew Vaughn, has been enjoying some stellar early reviews , and the actor who now plays Charles Xavier can’t help wondering if that means he will be losing his hair and his on-screen sense of humor in the months and years to come. The Fox film that opens Friday is a prequel to previous “X-Men” films — this one is set in the 1940s and 1960s — and Vaughn and producer Bryan Singer have talked about two more films that would follow this new story and add chapters that would fall, chronologically, in the decades leading up to the earlier movies. In those, Patrick Stewart portrayed Xavier as a serious man with big thoughts and a bald pate (a “sexless monk,” as McAvoy has called him ), and that has McAvoy thinking about the grim future and the razor’s edge. “Ideally you have a story arc that lasts three movies and at the end of the third it leaves you ready for the story in ”X-Men 1,’ ” McAvoy said by phone. “It would be nice to explore things in two more films. In this one, Magneto has gone through his major metamorphosis; he kind of found himself. Charles is dealing with his new life and [issues that present themselves] in this movie. And we still are left with the big question: How does he lose his hair? In the comic books there’s a very clear and easy answer, but we didn’t go with that. In the comics it happened when he was very young and when his powers activated. We’ve obviously gone away from that. Now, obviously, we can’t start the next movie with him bald. Not only is that easy and cheap, we’d be passing up an opportunity for a cool story point. I don’t know what it is — we need to come up with something that justifies doing it. Maybe he got some dodgy Australian shampoo….” 'X-Men: First Class' premiere What has McAvoy heard regarding a sequel? “I keep hearing bits and bobs from the different founts that there are or the different mouths that there are on this job,” said the 32-year-old actor, best known for “The Last King of Scotland” and “Atonement.” “All I know is that if this one makes some money, they will definitely want to make another one. We’ve had pretty strong critical reaction thus far. I don’t know if they’d make it just on the back of that, if they didn’t make the kind of money they hope for. I don’t know, but I can’t see them making it just on that. I just hope that, if it happens, they make it because they found a story they like rather than making it just because there’s more money to be made. I’ve been lucky that, even though I’ve done a couple of bad or silly movies in the past, that’s the way they ended up; the studios made them because they were passionate about them. I’d hate to be in something that started right off as something cynical.” James McAvoy and Michael Fassbinder in "X-Men: First Class" (Fox) He added: “We all want to make money, but there was also a cool idea and a cool story. Everybody thought, ‘Oh great, there’s a prequel/reboot, just what we don’t need,’ but the idea was to explore that thing that fans were crying out for, those tiny moments in the other movies were you see Sir Patrick and Sir Ian [McKellen, who played Magneto] come together. Those moments were few and far between, but they were some of the most intriguing parts of those films. I think the idea of building a movie around that is what inspired this and, for me, validated doing this.” Vaughn is not a tight-lipped guy, to say the least, and McAvoy has read or seen the reports of the director spitballing ideas (among them the delicious idea of Magneto playing a part in the JFK assassination, a nugget rep	Oodles Of Fun: April 2010 Oodles Of Fun Are You Using Your nOodle? Pages Question of the Day - On this day in 1931, what 102-story, 1,046-foot building was dedicated in New York City? Empire State Building Bon Jovi sang "You Give Love a ____ Name". Bad Bing Crosby's real name was: Harry Which is the only Marx Brothers film to feature on the AFI's top 100? Duck Soup The Broadway show Movin' Out featured the songs of: Billy Joel The tagline "Die Harder" comes from which 1990 movie? Die Hard 2 Which film has the line, "I can't have a baby, because I have a 12:30 lunch meeting"? Baby Boom In An Affair to Remember, where did the lovers decide to meet six months later? New York Where do the scientists first find a mysterious monolith, in 2001: A Space Odyssey? The Moon Which actress stars in the film Mean Girls? Lindsay Lohan This horror classic is called: Invasion of the Body ________. Snatchers Whose real name is Eric Bishop? Jamie Foxx Who said: "Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done"? George W. Bush Bruce Springsteen says "Everybody's got ________". A hungry heart Who had the 1976 hit: "Play That Funky Music"? Wild Cherry Al Pacino and Matthew McConaughey starred in: Two for the Money In the "Rock DJ" video, what former Take That singer literally sheds layers of clothes and layers of flesh? Robbie Williams Which film is a love story between the King of Siam and a British schoolteacher? Anna and the King What former star of Broadway's Annie married Matthew Broderick, who starred in The Producers? Sarah Jessica Parker What was the last Beatles' album to be recorded before the band's split? Abbey Road Which actress' father is well-known actor Jon Voight? Angelina Jolie What was the name of Herman's wife on The Munsters? Lily On the TV series Heroes, the character Hiro Nakamura is able to: Stop time The music to the U.S. Navy song "Anchors Aweigh" was written by: Charles Zimmerman Talk show host Rosie O'Donnell changed hats to play which narrating character in "Seussical the Musical"? The Cat in the Hat All members of The Monkees have what same color of eyes? Brown The tagline, "Resistance is Futile", comes from which 1996 movie? Star Trek: First Contact One of the longest movie song titles, as sung by Julie Andrews in Mary Poppins, was: "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" Who played Truman Capote in Capote? Philip Seymour Hoffman Which Scottish actor voiced a dragon called Draco in the movie Dragon Heart? Sean Connery Question of the Day - Willie Nelson turns 77 today. What is NOT one of his songs? Hit the Road, Jack Which character sings "Over the Rainbow" in The Wizard of Oz? Dorothy Finish this line from The Godfather: "Leave the gun. Take _________". The cannoli Name the ship commanded by Russell Crowe in Master and Commander. HMS Surprise In which of the Rocky movies was the statue of Rocky unveiled? Rocky III Where was the character Elijah Prince, aka "Mr. Glass", from Unbreakable born? A department store Who sang "When You Wish upon a Star" in the 1940 Walt Disney film Pinocchio? Jiminy Cricket What was the name of the woman Dustin Hoffman played in Tootsie? Dorothy Michaels What comedian actress shared Steve Martin's body in All of Me? Lily Tomlin Who played Starsky in the film Starsky and Hutch? Ben Stiller In 1995, what Irish New Age musician released the album The Memory of Trees? Enya Which best describes Kiefer Sutherland? Agent Jack Bauer on 24 Which Beatle sang "My Sweet Lord"? George Harrison In which movie does Kevin Bacon discover the secret of invisibility? Hollow Man Antonin Dvorak's most famous symphony is known as Z Noveho Sveta in his native language. What do we call it? From the New World Which actor played the monster in the original film of Frankenstein? Boris Karloff The movies Courage Under Fire and A Soldier's Story featured which actor? Denzel Washington Angela Lansbury was in which movie? Bedknobs and Broomsticks What film is showing at the Bedford Falls theater at the end of It's A Wonderful Life? The Bells of St. Mary's What sport is pla	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,176	In the horror film Them what type of creatures were Them	Them! (1954) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The earliest atomic tests in New Mexico cause common ants to mutate into giant man-eating monsters that threaten civilization. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 48 titles created 17 Sep 2011 a list of 47 titles created 27 May 2013 a list of 30 titles created 10 Oct 2013 a list of 44 titles created 19 Jul 2014 a list of 42 titles created 12 Nov 2014 Search for " Them! " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards » Photos A ferocious dinosaur awakened by an Arctic atomic test terrorizes the North Atlantic and, ultimately, New York City. Director: Eugène Lourié Scientists and American Air Force officials fend off a blood-thirsty alien organism while at a remote arctic outpost. Directors: Christian Nyby, Howard Hawks Stars: Kenneth Tobey, Margaret Sheridan, James Arness A small town in California is attacked by Martians. Director: Byron Haskin When Scott Carey begins to shrink because of exposure to a combination of radiation and insecticide, medical science is powerless to help him. Director: Jack Arnold A small-town doctor learns that the population of his community is being replaced by emotionless alien duplicates. Director: Don Siegel An alien lands and tells the people of Earth that they must live peacefully or be destroyed as a danger to other planets. Director: Robert Wise A strange prehistoric beast lurks in the depths of the Amazonian jungle. A group of scientists try to capture the animal and bring it back to civilization for study. Director: Jack Arnold A spider escapes from an isolated desert laboratory experimenting in giantism and grows to tremendous size as it wreaks havoc on the local inhabitants. Director: Jack Arnold The first U.S. spaceship to Venus crash-lands off the coast of Sicily on its return trip. A dangerous, lizard-like creature comes with it and quickly grows gigantic. Director: Nathan Juran An alien lifeform consumes everything in its path as it grows and grows. Directors: Irvin S. Yeaworth Jr., Russell S. Doughten Jr. Stars: Steve McQueen, Aneta Corsaut, Earl Rowe A starship crew goes to investigate the silence of a planet's colony only to find two survivors and a deadly secret that one of them has. Director: Fred M. Wilcox A spaceship from another world crashes in the Arizona desert, and only an amateur stargazer and a schoolteacher suspect alien influence when the local townsfolk begin to act strange. Director: Jack Arnold Edit Storyline In the New Mexico desert, Police Sgt. Ben Peterson and his partner find a child wandering in the desert and sooner they discover that giant ants are attacking the locals. FBI agent Robert Graham teams up with Ben and with the support of Dr. Harold Medford and his daughter Dr. Patricia 'Pat' Medford, they destroy the colony of ants in the middle of the desert. Dr. Harold Medford explains that the atomic testing in 1945 developed the dangerous mutant ants. But they also discover that two queen ants have flown away to Los Angeles and they are starting a huge colony in the underground of the city. When a mother reports that her two children are missing, the team and the army have a lead to follow. Will they arrive in time to save the children and destroy the colony? Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil FANTASTIC MONSTERS ATTACK EARTH! (original ad - all caps) See more » Genres: 19 June 1954 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia It was also supposed to be in 3-D. Some elements of the 3-D effects, such as the ants having extreme close-ups and the flame throwers shooting straight into the camera, were used in the film. Althou	The Witches - Roald Dahl Roald Dahl Published in 1983 Synopsis Roald Dahl's The Witches tells the story of a brave young boy and his Norwegian grandmother as they battle England's witches. Background Background Witches absolutely detest children. To a witch, a child smells like dogs' droppings. And now the Grand High Witch is planning to get rid of every child in England - can anybody stop them? The Witches tells the story of a brave young boy and his Norwegian grandmother as they battle against England's child-hating witches. It continues to feature in lists dedicated to the scariest children's books more than 30 years after it was first published. Especially around Halloween. When he was a child himself, Roald Dahl used to spend every summer holiday with his family in Norway, where he was inspired by bedtime stories of witches and magic. He wrote about these holidays in Boy: Tales of Childhood. It is also said that the grandmother in The Witches was partially inspired by Roald's own mother. Roald dedicated the book to his wife, Liccy. A film version of the story, starring Angelica Huston as the witches' leader The Grand High Witch, was released in 1990. The main difference between the film and the original story is the ending - in the book, there is no spell cast to change the boy's state back to what it was before the witches found him. The film also gives its central character the name Luke, whereas in the book we don't find out the name of either the boy who narrates the story or his grandmother. In 1983, the year it was published, The Witches won three awards: The New York Times Outstanding Books Award, The Federation of Children's Book Groups Award and The Whitbread Award. The Witches helped inspire Boy	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,177	There are fifteen Parliamentary constituencies in South Yorkshire. Only one is not represented by a Labour MP. Who is he?	Sheffield constituencies- changes proposed - Page 2 - Sheffield Forum Sheffield constituencies- changes proposed Total Posts: 1,583 A few points: Constituencies must be built out of whole wards. Everybody who made a submission to the ward review recognised that and plumped for 28 wards to make arranging Sheffield into 5.5 contituencies easier. All the documentation will list component wards, not component comminities, neighbourhoods, districts, etc. That's why, for example, "Bradway" doesn't appear in any list. Bradway isn't a ward. Constituency reorganisation does not effect postcodes, school catchments areas, telephone codes, local authority boundaries or anything else. It is purely and only arranging how what bits of geography are represented in Parliament. Stocksbridge will still be within Sheffield District and Penistone will still be within Barnsley District. Anybody can make comments to the Boundary Commission by 29th October. -- Quote: Originally posted by t020 I think Richard Allan stepping down may allow the Tories to close the gap on the Lib Dems. There is certainly an opportunity, but having met Nick Clegg a couple of times I think he will fill the very capable Richard Allen's shoes extremely well indeed. _______ Location: Walkley Total Posts: 1,583 I've finished and sent off my submission to the Boundary Commission. It is available at http://www.mdfs.net/User/JGH/Docs/Po...ew/Submission/ if anybody's interested. -- It looks OK but can Sheffield Hallam swap Nether Edge for Beauchief? _______ WARNING: If you suffer from allodoxaphobia, please look away now. "Donï¿½t worry. Iï¿½m not being condescending. Iï¿½m far too busy thinking about important things you wouldnï¿½t understand." Originally posted by t020 It looks OK but can Sheffield Hallam swap Nether Edge for Beauchief? I didn't start from a position of swapping bits around, but from the position of recognising the strong boundaries formed by the valleys and fitting the constituencies into them. The report compares with the initial Boundary Commission report as they expect you to compare your proposal to theirs and explain how yours is a better solution to theirs. I'd be the first to admit my proposal isn't perfect, but I believe it is the nearest to perfection possible within the rules required, and a better solution that the BC proposal. -- No map provided, so I've thrown one together at http://www.mdfs.net/User/JGH/Docs/Po...eview/per1.htm Is the idea to make sure each ward has roughly the same number of voters ? Joined: Jul 2003 Total Posts: 206 Beauchief to Hallam instead of Nether Edge? A bit of gerrymandering for the Tories never went amiss, eh? I don't whink it would help though. People vore LibDem in Hallam not only because of Richard Allen, but because it's part of a general trend away from a regional Southern English party lol What isn't mentioned in the Star is the removal of Burngreave from Central to Brightside. Nothing special in terms of party prospects, though. Shouldn't the word Sheffield be included in the name for Stocksbridge and Penistone constituency? Location: S3 Netherthorpe (Stannington on weekends) Total Posts: 29,497 I don't see any differences... MPs will still vaguely do their job... One thing strikes me though: SHEFFIELD, BRIGHTSIDE AND HILLSBOROUGH - Burngreave, Firth Park, Hillsborough, Shiregreen and Brightside, Southey. SHEFFIELD CENTRAL - Broomhill, Central, Crookes, Nether Edge, Walkley. SHEFFIELD, HALLAM - Beauchief and Greenhill, Dore and Totley, Ecclesall, Fulwood, Stannington. SHEFFIELD, HEELEY - Arbourthorne, Darnall, Gleadless Valley, Graves Park, Manor Castle. SHEFFIELD SOUTH EAST - Beighton, Birley, Mosborough, Richmond, Woodhouse. There are aprts of Sheffield missing ! What if you live in Sheffield but aren't in tha tlist of area, does that mean they won't let you vote anymore (lol) ? So they're bunging Stannington in with Eccleshall as part of Hallam?! Total Posts: 206 Looking at the wards making up the Central constituency Broomhill, Central, Crookes, Nether Edge, Walkley means Richard Cabo	• Tatton Conservative Association • Knutsford • Cheshire - North West England - England • Related Content for: Tatton Conservative Association Tatton \| Conservatives Welcome to the website for the Tatton Conservative Association. Here you can find the latest news, information about us, what we are doing and what we believe in. Tatton \| George Osborne Tatton is a rural constituency south-west of Manchester, and covers the commuter and market towns of Wilmslow, Knutsford and Alderley Edge as well as a host of ... Martin Bell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Martin Bell, OBE, (born 31 August 1938, Redisham, Suffolk) is a British UNICEF (UNICEF UK) Ambassador, a former broadcast war reporter and former independent politician. Neil Hamilton (politician) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mostyn Neil Hamilton (born 9 March 1949) is a British politician, former barrister, teacher, and Conservative MP for the Tatton constituency from 1983 to 1997. In ... Andrew Mitchell pulls out of Conservative party conference ... The government chief whip, Andrew Mitchell, has pulled out of the Conservative party conference following claims that he called Downing Street police ... Boris Johnson victory rally at the Conservative conference ... Andrew Sparrow and Paul Owen with rolling coverage of the Conservative party conference in Birmingham, including the speech by the chancellor, George Osborne Press Association Elections In the nominations below, * indicates an MP standing in the constituency they represented in the previous Parliament where there are no boundary changes; + indicates ... The Global Awakening For one to understand how true freedom is found, one must first understand how the shackles of oppression are bound. (by admin) Social Investigations: Over 60 MPs Connected to Companies ... In total 65 MPs have financial links to companies involved in private healthcare. Of them, 52 are Conservative MPs, 9 are Labour MPs, and 3 are Liberal ... PLANET JIVE LISTINGS November 2012 Thursday 1st Linda Gail Lewis, Anne Marie Dolan @ Hampton Road Social Club, Hampton Road, Blackpool FY4 1JB Friday 2nd Intelli-Gents @ Winning Post ... Full text of "Dod's Parliamentary Companion" See other formats. Full text of "Dod's Parliamentary Companion" Knutsford - World News I love MCR-10 Knutsford, 2012 Olympic Torch relay passes through Knutsford, The Lounge Knutsford, The Knutsford Great Race 2010 - Crash, Beech tree felling, Knutsford ... Northallerton Business Directory - companies, reviews ... Companies in Northallerton. Customer reviews, prices, contact details, opening hours of Northallerton based companies. Nat Rothschilds - GUEST LIST - Check this out !!!!! Montenegro hosts billionaire Nat Rothschild's birthday bash The tiny Mediterranean nation of Montenegro was the setting for the lavish 40th birthday celebrations of ... Scumbags Yep - Scumbags... MP's now but more scumbags soon we promise! Fresh one's every five years guarunteed! Hopefully 600+ Fresh ones this 2010 election. What's On in Tameside - Radio Starlion has been established for over 20 years - meetings are on the first Friday in the month and visitors are welcome. The guild is a branch of the British Sugarcraft Guild ... Tatton Park Welcome to Tatton Park. Visit England's Large Visitor Attraction of the Year 2014. Located in 1,000 acres of the most beautiful deer park, the former Egerton family ... Tatton (UK Parliament constituency) - Wikipedia,... Tatton is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2001 by the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne ... RHS Flower Show Tatton Park / RHS Gardening Grow your knowledge in with all year round gardening & flower shows from the RHS. Find out more and join in the fun at the RHS Flower Show Tatton Park. Tatton Park - Visitor information - National... Visit Tatton Park, a grand estate with neo-classical mansion, gardens, farm and medieval Old Hall Tatton Conservative AssociationConservative Club Manchester RoadWA16 0LTKnutsfordCheshire - North West England - England 0156563	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,178	Which stretch of water separates Cuba and Haiti?	Haiti - GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY Haiti Table of Contents Haiti is a country of only about 28,000 square kilometers, about the size of the state of Maryland. It occupies the western third of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (La Isla Espa�ola); the Dominican Republic takes up the eastern two-thirds. Shaped like a horseshoe on its side, Haiti has two main peninsulas, one in the north and one in the south. Between the peninsulas is the Ile de la Gon�ve. Northwest of the northern peninsula is the Windward Passage, a strip of water that separates Haiti from Cuba, which is about ninety kilometers away. The eastern edge of the country borders the Dominican Republic. A series of treaties and protocols--the most recent of which was the Protocol of Revision of 1936--set the 388-kilometer eastern border, which is formed partly by the Pedernales River in the south and the Massacre River in the north. The mainland of Haiti has three regions: the northern region, which includes the northern peninsula; the central region; and the southern region, which includes the southern peninsula. In addition, Haiti controls several nearby islands. The northern region consists of the Massif du Nord (Northern Massif) and the Plaine du Nord (Northern Plain). The Massif du Nord, an extension of the central mountain range in the Dominican Republic, begins at Haiti's eastern border, north of the Guayamouc River, and extends to the northwest through the northern peninsula. The Massif du Nord ranges in elevation from 600 to 1,100 meters. The Plaine du Nord lies along the northern border with the Dominican Republic, between the Massif du Nord and the North Atlantic Ocean. This lowland area of 2,000 square kilometers is about 150 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide. The central region consists of two plains and two sets of mountain ranges. The Plateau Central (Central Plateau) extends along both sides of the Guayamouc River, south of the Massif du Nord. It runs eighty-five kilometers from southeast to northwest and is thirty kilometers wide. To the southwest of the Plateau Central are the Montagnes Noires, with elevations of up to approximately 600 meters. The most northwestern part of this mountain range merges with the Massif du Nord. Southwest of the Montagnes Noires and oriented around the Artibonite River is the Plaine de l'Artibonite, measuring about 800 square kilometers. South of this plain lie the Cha�ne des Matheux and the Montagnes du Trou d'Eau, which are an extension of the Sierra de Neiba range of the Dominican Republic. The southern region consists of the Plaine du Cul-de-Sac and the mountainous southern peninsula. The Plaine du Cul-de-Sac is a natural depression, twelve kilometers wide, that extends thirtytwo kilometers from the border with the Dominican Republic to the coast of the Baie de Port-au-Prince. The mountains of the southern peninsula, an extension of the southern mountain chain of the Dominican Republic (the Sierra de Baoruco), extend from the Massif de la Selle in the east to the Massif de la Hotte in the west. The range's highest peak, the Morne de la Selle, is the highest point in Haiti, rising to an altitude of 2,715 meters. The Massif de la Hotte varies in elevation from 1,270 to 2,255 meters. The four islands of notable size in Haitian territory are Ile de la Gon�ve, Ile de la Tortue (Tortuga Island), Grande Cayemite, and Ile � Vache. Ile de la Gon�ve is sixty kilometers long and fifteen kilometers wide. The hills that cross the island rise to heights of up to 760 meters. Ile de la Tortue is located north of the northern peninsula, separated from the city of Port-de-Paix by a twelve-kilometer channel. Ile � Vache is located south of the southern pe	Gibraltar Straits as seen from Morocco - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin The Strait of Gibraltar The Strait of Gibraltar (Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق, Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain from Morocco. The name comes from Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic Jebel Tariq (جبل طارق) meaning mountain of Tariq. It refers to the Ummayad Berber general Tariq ibn-Ziyad who led the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 711. It is also known as the Straits of Gibraltar or STROG (Strait Of Gibraltar), the latter being in naval use. There are 13 km (8 miles) of ocean separating Europe from Africa at the strait's narrowest point. The strait depth ranges between 300 and 900 meters. A ferry commutes between the two continents. Gibraltar On the northern side of the Strait is Spain and Gibraltar, while on the southern side is Morocco and Ceuta, a Spanish exclave in North Africa. Its boundaries were known in antiquity as the Pillars of Hercules. There are several small islands, such as the disputed Isla Perejil, that are claimed by both Spain and Morocco. new port being built in Morocco About 6 million years ago, the Strait closed, effectively turning the Mediterranean into a huge salty lake that eventually dried up, in what is known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The Mediterranean then turned into a lake, known as the Mediterranean Sea. At the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, approximately 5.33 million years ago, the Strait opened up for the last time, and has remained open since. The Straits are an important shipping route from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. There are ferries that operate between Spain and Morocco across the strait, as well as between Spain and Ceuta and Gibraltar to Tangier. stock tender dressed in the style of Northern Morocco In December 2003, Spain and Morocco agreed to explore the construction of an undersea rail tunnel to connect their rail systems. The gauge of the tunnel would be 1435mm to match the proposed construction and conversion of significant parts of the existing broad gauge system to standard gauge. On a net basis, water continually flows eastward into and through the Strait of Gibraltar, due to an evaporation rate within the Mediterranean basin higher than the combined inflow of all the rivers that empty into it. The sill of the Strait of Gibraltar acts to limit mixing between the cold, less saline Atlantic water and the warm Mediterranean waters. The latter are so much saltier that they sink below the constantly incoming Atlantic water and form a highly saline (thermohaline, both warm and salty) bottom water, called the Mediterranean outflow. A density boundary separates the layers at about 100 m depth. It flows out and down the continental slope, losing salinity, until it equilibrates after mixing at a depth of about 1000 meters. The Mediterranean outflow water can be traced for thousands of kilometers before losing its identity. wearing the characteristic hat Internal waves (waves at the density boundary layer) are common in the strait. Like traffic merging on a highway, the water flow is constricted in both directions because it must pass over a shallow submarine barrier, the Camarinal Sill. When large tidal flows enter the Strait, internal waves are set off at the Camarinal Sill as the high tide relaxes. The wavesï¿½sometimes with heights up to 100 mï¿½travel eastward. Even though the waves occur at great depth and the height of the waves at the surface is almost nothing, they can be traced in the sunglint because they concentrate the biological films on the water surface, creating slight differences in roughness. The waves flow eastward, refract around coastal features; can be traced for as much as 150 km, and sometimes create interference patterns with refracted waves. Ceuta, Spain as seen from a hill in Morocco Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Stra	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,179	What was the full name of the infamous German 'SS'?	The SS Himmler's SchutzStaffel - www.HolocaustResearchProject.org www.HolocaustResearchProject.org The Schutzstaffel, better known as the infamous SS, were established by Hitler, to act as protection force at Hitler’s mass meetings in public. Many of these meetings were violent and ugly, during the Nazis early quest for power. As such it formed part of the Nazi militia, the brown shirted Sturmabteilung, also better known by the initials SA. Unlike the SA, however, whose origins derived from the nationalist Freikorps of the post – Great War period, the SS owed its loyalties to Hitler alone and was neither conceived as, nor permitted to become a mass movement. Heinrich Himmler who was appointed Reichsfuhrer- SS in 1929 and from its very inception he saw the SS as an elite force, as an elite unit, the party's "Praetorian Guard," with all SS personnel selected on the principles of racial purity and unconditional loyalty to the Nazi Party. Portrait of Heinrich Himmler In the early days of the SS, officer candidates had to prove German ancestry to 1750. They also were required to prove that they had no Jewish ancestors. Later, when the requirements of the war made it impossible to confirm the ancestry of officer candidates, the proof of ancestry regulation was dropped. Between 1925 and 1929, the SS was considered merely a battalion of the SA and numbered no more than 280 personnel. On January 6, 1929, Adolf Hitler appointed Heinrich Himmler as the leader of the SS, and by the end of 1932, the SS had 52,000 members. By the end of the next year, it had over 209,000 members. Himmler's expansion of the SS was based on models from other groups, such as the Knights Templar and the Italian Blackshirts. According to SS- Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS, Karl Wolff, it was also based on the model from the Society of Jesus of absolute obedience to the Pope or in this case Heinrich Himmler. Himmler in the early days of the SS Heinrich Himmler himself though, was a pale and dull, man. He was a chicken-farmer who wore glasses, with receding hair, and whose disposition was mild mannered and prim. Indeed Himmler resembled nothing like the blond Aryan superman, who featured so heavily in his outpourings of Nordic supremacy and half-baked mythology. Himmler wanted the uniforms to be more elegant, the black uniforms looked impressive, its behaviour impeccable, its discipline more strictly enforced than those of the SA. It was an organisation that actively sought well educated men, University professors, the social elite within the Nazi Party. This perverted elitism of the SS as created by Himmler that was the core of the SS, represented by Himmler himself with curious leanings towards Nordic mysticism to such absurd lengths. Much of how the SS was moulded into a brutal and feared organisation can be laid at the door of Himmler’s deputy, Reinhard Heydrich, and no history of the SS can be complete, without reference to the considerable contribution made by him, a man who clearly met the Teutonic hero vision, unlike the Reichsfuhrer himself. Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Heydrich joined the SS in 1931, he was of middle-class origin and had been a naval officer but in 1931 he had been cashiered for “conduct unbecoming a gentleman,” after compromising the virtue of a shipyard director’s daughter. During his time in the German Navy he had served for a time under Admiral Canaris, who nurtured his taste for intelligence work. Heydrich’s personality was ice-cold, utterly ruthless - he was a first class fencer, excellent horseman and a skilled pilot and musician. First he directed his lucid intellect to the internal organisation of the SS, and the creation of the Sicherheitsdient – the SS intelligence service. Heydrich never succeeded Himmler as Reichsfuhrer-SS, as he was assassinated by Czech agents, who had been trained by the British, in Prague in June 1942. The SS carried out harsh reprisals for this act, and erased the village of Lidice, from the face of the earth, killing all the male inhabitants, the children w	German battleship Bismarck \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Main article: Bismarck-class battleship Bismarck was ordered under the name Ersatz Hannover ("Hannover replacement"), a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought SMS Hannover , under contract "F". [1] The contract was awarded to the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg, where the keel was laid on 1 July 1936 at Helgen IX. [2] [3] The ship was launched on 14 February 1939 and during the elaborate ceremonies was christened by Dorothee von Löwenfeld, granddaughter of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the ship's namesake. Adolf Hitler made the christening speech. [3] Fitting-out work followed the launch, during which time the original straight stem was replaced with a raked "Atlantic bow" similar to the Scharnhorst-class battleships . [4] Bismarck was commissioned into the fleet on 24 August 1940 for sea trials, [5] which were conducted in the Baltic. Kapitän zur See Ernst Lindemann took command of the ship at the time of commissioning. [6] 3D rendering of Bismarck during Operation Rheinübung Bismarck displaced Script error as built and Script error fully loaded, with an overall length of Script error, a beam of Script error and a maximum draft of Script error. [1] The battleship was Germany's largest warship, [2] and displaced more than any other European battleship, with the exception of HMS Vanguard , commissioned after the end of the war. [3] Bismarck was powered by three Blohm & Voss geared steam turbines and twelve oil-fired Wagner superheated boilers, which developed a total of Script error and yielded a maximum speed of Script error on speed trials. The ship had a cruising range of Script error at Script error. [1] Bismarck was equipped with three FuMO 23 search radar sets, mounted on the forward and stern range-finders and foretop. [2] The standard crew numbered 103 officers and 1,962 enlisted men. [3] The crew was divided into twelve divisions of between 180 and 220 men. The first six divisions were assigned to the ship's armaments, divisions one through four for the main and secondary batteries and five and six manning anti-aircraft guns . The seventh division consisted of specialists, including cooks and carpenters, and the eighth division consisted of ammunition handlers. The radio operators , signalmen, and quartermasters were assigned to the ninth division. The last three divisions were the engine room personnel. When Bismarck left port, fleet staff, prize crews , and war correspondents increased the crew complement to over 2,200 men. [4] Roughly 200 of the engine room personnel came from the light cruiser Karlsruhe , which had been lost during Operation Weserübung , the German invasion of Norway. [5] Bismarck's crew published a ship's newspaper titled Die Schiffsglocke (The Ship's Bell); [6] this paper was only published once, on 23 April 1941, by the commander of the engineering department, Gerhard Junack. [7] Bismarck was armed with eight 38 cm SK C/34 guns arranged in four twin gun turrets : two super-firing turrets forward—"Anton" and "Bruno"—and two aft—"Caesar" and "Dora". [lower-alpha 1] Secondary armament consisted of twelve Script error L/55 guns, sixteen Script error L/65 and sixteen Script error L/83 , and twelve Script error anti-aircraft guns. Bismarck also carried four Arado Ar 196 reconnaissance floatplanes , with a single large hangar and a double-ended catapult . [1] The ship's main belt was Script error thick and was covered by a pair of upper and main armoured decks that were Script error and Script error thick, respectively. The Script error turrets were protected by Script error thick faces and Script error thick sides. [1] Service history Edit Bismarck in port in Hamburg On 15 September 1940, three weeks after her commissioning, Bismarck left Hamburg to begin sea trials in Kiel Bay . [2] Sperrbrecher 13 escorted the ship to Arcona on 28 September, and then on to Gotenhafen for trials in the Gulf of Danzig . [3] The ship's power-plant was given a thorough workout; Bismarck made measured-mile and high speed runs. While her stabili	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,180	The bay leaf plant originated what term of glory or repute?	MEANINGS & LEGENDS OF FLOWERS - B Family: Lauraceae Common Names: ~Bay Laurel~ ~Bay Tree~ ~Roman Laurel~ ~Sweet Bay Bay leaves come from the evergreen Laurel tree. The leaves are waxy and oval-shaped. The flowers are greenish yellow in color and grow in small umbrels. The tree is pyramid shaped. It's scienticfic name ~Laurus~ means ~praise~ and ~nobilis~ means ~famous or notable.~ In ancient Greece it was a symbol of glory and poets, heroes, were crowned with laurel wreaths and crowns were worn as medals. A poet laureate is an accomplished poet, and the term ~Poet Laureate~ came about because of this custom. Winning athletes and leaders were crowned with bay. In Rome, generals celebrating victory wore the costume of Jupiter including the laurel on their heads. News of battle victories were sent wrapped in laurel leaves. The Roman poet, Ovid, retold the story of the Greek nymph, Daphne, who was transformed into a laurel tree by her father, Peneus, so that she could avoid the amorous pursuit of the god, Apollo. Thereafter, Apollo wore a wreath of laurel to show his love for Daphne and extended protection to anyone bearing bay, the symbol of his beloved. Bay being hung over the door of the sick to protect them, which in turn led to the garlanding of newly qualified doctors with bay as a symbol of protection and success known as bacca laureus ~laurel berry~ which gave the term baccalaureate, a University degree. Bay has many magical properties. Prophets used to hold laurel boughs when foretelling the future. It was believed to ward off lightening and evil magic, to protect emperors and warriors, and to destroy harmful bacteria. The Roman emperor Tiberius always wore a laurel wreath during electrical storms. It has been associated with immortality, physical and moral cleansing. The Greeks believed it protected them against spirits. Roman merchants used a laurel branch to bless their goods. It also has narcotic properties. Bay was eaten by the Pythian priestess before taking her seat in the sacred shrine at the Oracle of Delphi. She would be asked a question and her utterances would be reduced to verse and edited by the prophets. Bay leaves are placed beneath the pillow to induce prophetic dreams. It is a protection and purification herb and is worn as an amulet to ward off negativity and evil. If a bay tree is planted near the home it will protect its inhabitants against sickness. To ensure that a love will stay, the couple should break off a twig from the tree, then break this in two, each keeping a half. Wishes are written on bay leaves which are then burned to make them come true. The leaves can be picked all year round and are now used mainly in the kitchen. It is the only one of its genus used in cooking. In the language of flowers, the laurel stands for glory. Powers: Healing, Protection, Psychic Powers, Purification, and Strength Family: Campanulaceae Common Names: ~Jie Geng~ ~Chinese Bellflower~ Japanese call it the ~Turkish balloon flowers,~ not because they come from Turkey, but because the flowers look like the dwelling place of the Turks. The petals curve out as if in defense, the flower is thought of as a young lady that cannot be offended. Balloon Flower is used in traditional chinese medicine and is also used as an expectorant. The roots of this plant are edible and used in Korean cuisine. Balloon flower stands for unchanging love, honesty and obedience Basil Ocimum Basilicum Family: Lamiacea Common Names: ~Our Herb~ ~Witches Herb~ ~St. Josephwort~ ~Sweet Basil~ ~Common Basil~ ~Garden Basil~ Chinese Name: ~ Luole~ Sanskrit name: ~Tulsi~ ~Arjaka~ in ancient Sanskrit Basil was known as the herb of kings in ancient times. Its name is derived from the Greek word ~basileus~ meaning ~king.~ Basil is a tasty herb, originally from India. It is sacred to the Hindu God Vishnu, since it is supposed to be his wife Lakshmi in disguise. It is regarded as a protective plant and as a benificent spirit. A basil leaf on the body of a dead Hindu was his assurance of reaching Paradise. To the ancient Greeks, it symbolize	Indian Institute of Spices Research Indian Institute of Spices Research Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. And Perry (Syn. Eugenia caryophyllus) Family : Myrtaceae Description Clove, small, reddish-brown flower bud of the tropical evergreen tree Syzygium aromaticum of the family Myrtaceae, was important in the earliest spice trade and believed in indigenous to the Moluccas or Spice Islands (now Maluka), of Indonesia. The people of the Moluccas used to plant a clove tree to celebrate the birth of a child and would wear a necklace of cloves as a protection from evil spirit and illness. Strong in aroma and hot and pungent in taste, cloves are used to flavour many foods, particularly meats and bakery products; in Europe and the USA the spice is a characteristic flavouring in Christmas holiday fare, such as wassail and mincemeat. The name clove is believed to be derived from the French word clou meaning nail due to the appearance of this spice. As early as 200 BC, envoys from Java to the Han-dynasty court of China brought cloves that were customarily held in the mouth to perfume the breath during audiences with the emperor. During the late Middle ages, cloves were used in Europe to preserve, flavour, and garnish food. Clove cultivation was almost entirely confined to Indonesia, and in the early 17th century the Dutch eradicated cloves on all islands except Amboina and Ternate in order to create scarcity and sustain high prices. In the latter half of the 18th century the French smuggled cloves from the East Indies to Indian Ocean islands and the New World, breaking the Dutch monopoly. Cultivation The clove tree is an evergreen that grows to about 8 to 12 m in height. Its gland-dotted leaves are small, simple and opposite. The trees are usually propagated from seeds that are planted in shaded areas. Flowering begins about the fifth year; a tree may annually yield up to 75 pounds (34 kg) of dried buds. The buds, just before the flowers open, are hand-picked in late summer and again in winter and are then sun-dried. The island of Zanzibar, which is part of Tanzania, is the world's largest producer of cloves. Madagascar and Indonesia are smaller producers. Cloves vary in length from about 1/2 to 3/4 inch (13 to 19 mm). Cloves contain 14 to 20 percent essential oil, the principal component of which is the aromatic oil eugenol (70 - 90%). Cloves are strongly pungent owing to eugenol, which is extracted by distillation to yield oil of cloves. Three essential oils are available from this spice: clove bud oil, clove stem oil and clove leaf oil. Each has different chemical composition and flavour. Clove bud oil, the most expensive and the best quality product, contains eugenol (80 - 90%), eugenol acetate (15%) and beta caryophyllene (5 - 12%). Culinary use Cloves are ingredients in many classic spice mixtures. Whole cloves are frequently used to flavour cooking liquids for simmering fish, poultry, game and meat. They feature in classic sauces and are used in the bakery industry and the processed meats industry as a ground spice. Medicinal and other use The clove oil is used to prepare microscopic slides for viewing and is also a local anesthetic for toothaches. It is a strong antiseptic and preservative. It is used to treat flatulence, colic, indigestion and nausea. Eugenol is used in germicides, perfumes and mouthwashes, in the synthesis of vanillin, and as a sweetener or in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,181	What is the name of Elvis's former home?	Elvis Presley's Graceland : 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard Graceland Home › Elvis Presley.News › Elvis Biography › Elvis Interviews › Sitemap › Elvis Presley's Graceland : 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard The unique association between Elvis Presley and Graceland, his home in Memphis, Tennessee, for more than 20 years (1957-1977), is so powerful that Elvis and Graceland are essentially interchangeable. When Elvis Presley was a young boy, he promised his parents he would make a lot of money and buy them the finest house in town, putting an end to years of struggle. For Elvis Presley, Graceland - a charming and stately colonial revival-style mansion for himself and his parents - was the fulfillment of that childhood promise. Elvis' outstanding career spanned more than 20 years, crossed three pivotal decades, and encompassed three separate phases, but they were all variations on a lifelong theme of music. Early on, Elvis became known around the world by his first name alone, a universal recognition that still prevails in the twenty-first century. The Presleys bought their first house in 1956, a modest three-bedroom ranch-style house on Audubon Drive in east Memphis, but it did not meet their needs for very long. 3764 Highway 51 South : Graceland On March 17, 1957, they purchased Graceland for US$102,500 and it was where Elvis lived for the next 20 years. After his death on August 16, 1977, Graceland was valued at US$350,000. Because of an annual upkeep bill estimated at US$500,000, the mansion was opened to tourists by Priscilla Presley on June 7, 1982. View a tour of Graceland (22:35) Experience 'visiting Graceland'. Elvis Presley's Graceland - 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard. We're Gonna' Move Elvis buys $100,000 home. Gladys was approached by realtor Virginia Grant who was aware the Presley's were looking to move. And it was a fairly straight forward search for someone that within a space of one year did not need to be concerned about money (To the surprise of realtor Virginia Gran who initially underestimated their buying power) when buying what would have to have been Memphis' and perhaps (one of?) Tennessee's most highly priced properties. the Presley's managed to impress the owners in more ways than one to gain the status of favourite buyer. 1956 For Elvis Presley , 1956 was a year like no other. In January, he was a regional sensation, but by year's end he had become a national and international phenomenon. He made his first two albums for RCA (both million sellers), appeared on national television 11 times, signed a seven-year contract with Paramount Pictures, and stared in his first movie, ' Love Me Tender '. Elvis' appearances on national television were pivotal events for America because his unconventional appearance and performing style caused nationwide controversy. Presley outraged adults, mesmerized the teenagers of the new youth generation, and soon became the leader of the cultural revolution sweeping across the country. Elvis Buys Graceland : March 17, 1957 Peacock stained glass inside the living room of Graceland : 1970s. The house and farm that became Elvis Presley's Graceland predated his purchase and residence by almost two decades. The Graceland property was originally established as a 500 acre farm during the American Civil War (1861-1865) by publisher Stephen C. Toof (Owner of the Memphis Daily Appeal). Mr Toof named the property after his daughter, Grace Toof. Ruth Moore, the granddaughter of Stephen C. Toof, inherited Toof's farm from his daughter, her aunt Grace. In 1939, Mrs. Ruth Brown Moore and her husband, Dr. Thomas D. Moore , built a two-story Classical Revival residence and outbuildings on the land that had been in her family for almost 100 years. The Moore's had a daughter, Ruth Marie , a musical prodigy who played the piano and the harp at age four. A prominent Memphis architectural firm, Furbringer and Erhman, designed the house to showcase Ruth Marie's talent, designing the large rooms across the front of the house so they 'could be opened up to seat five hundred people for a	Newstead Abbey - Ancestral Home of the Byrons Ancient Britain ï¿½ Castles ï¿½ Churches/Cathedrals ï¿½ Houses/Manors ï¿½ Museums ï¿½ Towns ï¿½ Countryside ï¿½ London ï¿½ History & Folklore ï¿½ Travel Tips Test daily news Newstead Abbey - Ancestral Home of the Byrons by Steve Orme Set back at the end of a sweeping mile-long drive that opens out into 320 acres of parkland, the exterior of Newstead Abbey doesn't look particularly inviting. But inside one can glimpse a fascinating insight into the life of George Gordon Byron, the sixth Lord -- better known as Byron the romantic poet, described by his mistress Lady Caroline Lamb as "mad, bad and dangerous to know". Many people who visit Newstead nowadays are eager to learn more about the poet with the racy reputation who was probably Britain's first celebrity. He was, after all, the man who claimed to have bedded 200 women and was rumoured to have had an incestuous relationship with his half-sister Augusta Leigh, and who displayed many of the characteristics which classified his ancestors as eccentrics. Yet many Newstead visitors leave with a totally different impression of Byron. They read his works and revelatory letters, and come to look upon him as a genius who had an immense influence on poetry, music, opera and the arts generally. He was reviled and revered in equal measure -- castigated for his loose morals yet respected for standing up to the establishment and rebelling against injustice and oppression. But there is far more to Newstead than the home of a Romantic poet. Other occupants of the house included the poet's predecessor, the "wicked" Lord Byron who squandered a personal fortune; Thomas Wildman, who fought in the Battle of Waterloo; and big game hunter William Frederick Webb, a great friend of the famous missionary Dr David Livingstone. The Past Newstead Abbey was originally a monastic house, founded by Henry II between 1164 and 1174 in memory of his grandfather. It remained a monastery for almost 400 years. A community of ordained priests devoted themselves to worship, study and meditation. They were known as the Black Canons because they wore black cassocks with white surplices and hooded black cloaks. Evidence of the canons' way of life is rife at Newstead. The remnants of doorways that led into the church can be seen in the cloister, along with the canons' lavatorium or washing place and a recess in a wall where students stored their books. The nearby chapel was once the Chapter House in which the canons met to hear a chapter of the Monastic Rule and to discuss the day's business. Next door the Becket and Plantagenet Rooms, now separated by a 19th century wall, used to form the site of the calefactory or warming room -- the only place apart from the kitchen and the infirmary where there would have been a fire in the winter months. The present-day entrance hall was used for offices and storage while the prior entertained visitors to Newstead in the room above it. Next to the guest hall was the prior's parlour -- the present dining room -- where the prior would conduct meetings with merchants. Hidden behind a door in the panelling is what is left of a toilet which the prior would have used. There is very little remaining from the refectory where the canons ate in silence while one of them read aloud from a Bible. A small section of a wall decoration survives from about 1200. The Byron Family In 1534 King Henry VIII declared himself the head of the Church in England and over the next few years completed the dissolution of all the monasteries. He granted Sir John Byron of Colwick "all the house and site, ground and soil, of the late Monastery or Priory of Newstede". The cost: ï¿½810. Sir John moved in and converted the old priory into his home. He dismantled most of the church and re-used the stone. Apart from that, he kept most of the original structure. When he died in 1567 he was succeeded by his son, known as "Little Sir John with the Great Beard". He was exceptionally extravagant and kept troupes of actors and musicians who were paid to entertain guests o	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,182	Dunkery Beacon is the highest point in which English National Park?	Dunkery Beacon, Exmoor \| Countryfile.com Walks Dunkery Beacon, Exmoor Feel inspired on a circular walk that follows a section of the Coleridge Way, and climbs to Exmoor's highest point 1st June 2011 Walks The perfect way to kick-start your New Year is an exhilarating walk through the Exmoor landscape that inspired the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) to produce some of his best known works, including his epic poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. START From the Dunkery Gate car park follow the footpath next to the cattle grid signposted to Blagdon Wood. Pass through a wooden gate, continue across a field and exit through another wooden gate before immediately going through a small wooden gate on your left. Follow the narrow path as it cuts into the hillside before passing through another wooden gate and entering a large field. Walk down the field, pass through yet another gate at the bottom of the field and descend into a woodland area known as Mansley Combe; to your left you’ll hear the sound of the River Avil. Continue along the path as it leads deep into the lush woodland valley; follow the yellow footpath paint marks on the trees. Cross over two small streams that traverse the path before ascending through the woods and joining the Coleridge Way (waymarked with a quill symbol) on the edge of Blagdon Wood. Turn left and follow sign to Wheddon Cross. After a few metres take the footpath on your left towards Dunkery Beacon. Follow the narrow path as it zigzags downhill, following a stream on your left. 1. ONE AND A HALF MILES At a junction of paths turn left and follow the quill symbol to Dunkery Gate. Continue through a wooden gate before crossing over a tributary that runs into the River Avil on your right. At another junction of paths turn right and cross the river, following the quill symbol to Spangate. Ascend steeply up a farm track and just before the track bends sharply to the left, take the narrow path on your left, once again signposted with a quill symbol; this time follow the blue bridleway paint marks on the trees. Follow the narrow path up a sharp incline, pass through a wooden gate and continue to climb through a field of heather, fern and gorse bushes. Near the top of the hill follow the quill symbol to your right into an area of heathland. Follow a grassy track along the lower edge of the field; at a farm gate veer left until you reach a crossroads marked with a wooden signpost. Leave the Coleridge Way and follow signs to Dunkery up a farm track through the heathland until you reach a minor road. 2. THREE MILES Turn right and follow the road past a lay-by on your right before turning left onto the Macmillan Way West, a stone track that gradually climbs up Dunkery Hill to the highest point in Exmoor, the National Trust-owned Dunkery Beacon (519m/1,702ft). The panoramic views from the cairn are absolutely spectacular – on a clear day you can see both the Bristol and English Channel coasts, the Severn Bridges, the Brecon Beacons, Bodmin Moor, Dartmoor and Cleeve Hill in Gloucestershire. After soaking in the landscape and pondering over your New Year’s resolutions, return to Dunkery Gate car park via a track that descends down Dunkery Hill south of the cairn. Useful Information Terrain Waymarked woodland paths and heathland footpaths. There are a number of streams and tributaries to cross in the first section of the walk, therefore some of the paths are prone to being muddy and slippery in wet weather. HOW TO GET THERE By car: Leave the M5 at junction 27, following the A361 to Tiverton before joining the A396 north towards Dulverton. Continue along the A396 until you reach Wheddon Cross, before following signs along the B3224 to Dunkery Beacon. A free car park is situated at Dunkery Gate. By public transport: The nearest mainline train station is Tiverton Parkway (29 miles). FirstGroup buses run service number 398 (Mon-Sat) from Tiverton bus station that passes through Wheddon Cross, 2.6 miles from the start point.	BBC - Press Office - Coast presenter biographies Nicholas Crane Nicholas Crane is a geographer and a journalist. A regular contributor to The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph, he is the author of nine books and has also found time to undertake a 10,000 kilometre mountain walk across Europe, from the Atlantic to the Black Sea. Gripped by the pedestrian bug, he has also attempted to walk in a straight line along the length of England. In addition to Coast, Nicholas is working on a second series of Map Man for BBC TWO, after the first series received critical acclaim last year. Nicholas's most recent published work is Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet - the first English-language biography of the world's greatest cartographer. In 1993 Nicholas was awarded the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's Mungo Park medal. In 2000 he won the USA's Polartec Adventurer of the Year Award, for a lifetime devoted to bold, low-impact adventure. Nicholas is a Fellow of The Royal Geographical Society, sits on the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, and is a member of The Royal Society of Literature. He is married with three children, and lives in London. What have been the 'highs' and 'lows' of filming Coast? One of the highs has definitely got to be seeing the metholic footprints exposed between the tide lines in the Gwent Levels in the Bristol Channel. One of the most dramatic moments was jumping off a lifeboat in the Irish Sea in November to survive in freezing seas for the ten minutes it takes on average to be rescued. A low was probably the few alarming moments when we got stuck on Bell Rock because we had problems with the inflatable boat that took us there. Another high was flying in the coastguard helicopter off the coast of the Outer Hebrides to see what role they play in safeguarding the rural communities there. I got a real insight into the courage and dedication of a group of people who don't often get much credit for doing a dangerous job which is virtually always in difficult conditions. What is your favourite UK coastal place and why? One is Blakeney Point in Norfolk because it's one of those wonderfully remote spots. You can lose yourself there amongst the sand dunes. It's a dynamic part of the British coastline which is changing quickly. In Tudor times there was a port there, and you can trace the outline of the port - it's now the village green. Cape Wrath is one of my other favourite places in the top left hand corner of Scotland. It's wonderfully remote, with fantastic cliffs and big white sandy beaches. It was the turning point for the Viking ships as they travelled along the coast, and the trip to the point is wonderful, whether walking or going on the minibus that runs during the summer. What is your favourite coastal activity? Walking, sailing, kayaking, and lying on the sand with my eyes closed feeling the sun beating down on me. What is the best thing you've found at the coast? Space and solitude. I'm from central London, so it's nice to go to the coast and get away from it all. At the coast you're on an exciting junction between sea and land. What hobbies do you have? My main passion is to write books, and I'm going to go back to writing again soon once I've finished all my television commitments. I also have three children, so they become your hobby - mucking about with them. Where do you holiday on the UK coast? As a family we holiday in the UK and our most recent breaks have been to the Outer Hebrides and Assynt - a stretch of remote coast - and Cape Wrath on the north west coast of Scotland. What is your favourite seaside food? It has to be a toss-up between fresh scallops from a little pub I know in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,183	What is the legal term, used in law to describe the state of those related through marriage?	Marriage legal definition of marriage Marriage legal definition of marriage http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/marriage Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Medical , Financial , Idioms , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Marriage The legal status, condition, or relationship that results from a contract by which one man and one woman, who have the capacity to enter into such an agreement, mutually promise to live together in the relationship of Husband and Wife in law for life, or until the legal termination of the relationship. Marriage is a legally sanctioned contract between a man and a woman. Entering into a marriage contract changes the legal status of both parties, giving husband and wife new rights and obligations. Public policy is strongly in favor of marriage based on the belief that it preserves the family unit. Traditionally, marriage has been viewed as vital to the preservation of morals and civilization. The traditional principle upon which the institution of marriage is founded is that a husband has the obligation to support a wife, and that a wife has the duty to serve. In the past, this has meant that the husband has the duty to provide a safe house, to pay for necessities such as food and clothing, and to live in the house. A wife's obligation has traditionally entailed maintaining a home, living in the home, having sexual relations with her husband, and rearing the couple's children. Changes in society have modified these marital roles to a considerable degree as married women have joined the workforce in large numbers, and more married men have become more involved in child rearing. Individuals who seek to alter marital rights and duties are permitted to do so only within legally prescribed limits. Antenuptial agreements are entered into before marriage, in contemplation of the marriage relationship. Typically these agreements involve property rights and the terms that will be in force if a couple's marriage ends in Divorce . Separation agreements are entered into during the marriage prior to the commencement of an action for a separation or divorce. These agreements are concerned with Child Support , visitation, and temporary maintenance of a spouse. The laws governing these agreements are generally concerned with protecting every marriage for social reasons, whether the parties desire it or not. Experts suggest that couples should try to resolve their own difficulties because that is more efficient and effective than placing their issues before the courts. In the United States, marriage is regulated by the states. At one time, most states recognized Common-Law Marriage , which is entered into by agreement of the parties to be husband and wife. In such an arrangement, no marriage license is required nor is a wedding ceremony necessary. The parties are legally married when they agree to marry and subsequently live together, publicly holding themselves out as husband and wife. The public policy behind the recognition of common-law marriage is to protect the parties' expectations, if they are living as husband and wife in every way except that they never participated in a formal ceremony. By upholding a common-law marriage as valid, children are legitimized, surviving spouses are entitled to receive Social Security benefits, and families are entitled to inherit property in the absence of a will. These public policy reasons have declined in significance. Most states have abolished common-law marriage, in large part because of the legal complications that arose concerning property and inheritance. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that states are permitted to reasonably regulate marriage by prescribing who can marry and the manner in which marriage can be dissolved. States may grant an Annulment or divorce on terms that they conclude are proper, because no one has the constitutional right to remain married. There is a right to marry, however, that cannot be casually denied. States are proscribed from absolutely prohibiting marriage in the absence of a valid reason. The U.S. Supreme Court, for example,	Jean-Paul Marat Jean-Paul Marat Location of death: Paris, France Cause of death: Assassination Remains: Buried, Saint Etienne-du-Mont, Paris, France Gender: Male Nationality: France Executive summary: French revolutionary French revolutionary leader, eldest child of Jean-Paul Marat, a native of Cagliari in Sardinia, and Louise Cabrol of Geneva, was born at Boudry, in the principality of Neuch�tel, on the 24th of May 1743. His father was a designer, who had abandoned his country and his religion, and married a Swiss Protestant. On his mother's death in 1759 Marat set out on his travels, and spent two years at Bordeaux in the study of medicine, after which be moved to Paris, where he made use of his knowledge of his two favorite sciences, optics and electricity, to subdue an obstinate disease of the eyes. After some years in Paris he went to Holland, and then on to London, where he practiced his profession. In 1773 he made his first appearance as an author with a Philosophical Essay on Man. The book shows a wonderful knowledge of English, French, German, Italian and Spanish philosophers, and directly attacks Helvetius , who had in his De l'Esprit declared a knowledge of science unnecessary for a philosopher. Marat declares that physiology alone can solve the problems of the connection between soul and body, and proposes the existence of a nervous fluid as the true solution. In 1774 he published The Chains of Slavery, which was intended to influence constituencies to return popular members, and reject the king's friends. Its author declared later that it procured him an honorary membership of the patriotic societies of Carlisle, Berwick and Newcastle. He remained devoted to his profession, and in 1775 published in London a little Essay on Gleets, and in Amsterdam a French translation of the first two volumes of his Essay on Man. In this year he visited Edinburgh, and on the recommendation of certain Edinburgh physicians was made an M.D. of St. Andrews. On his return to London he published an Enquiry into the Nature, Cause, and Cure of a Singular Disease of the Eyes, with a dedication to the Royal Society. In the same year there appeared the third volume of the French edition of the Essay on Man, which reached Ferney, and exasperated Voltaire , by its onslaught on Helvetius, into a sharp attack which only made the young author more conspicuous. His fame as a clever doctor was now great, and on the 24th of June 1777, the comte d'Artois, afterwards Charles X of France, made him by brevet physician to his guards with 2000 livres a year and allowances. Marat was soon in great request as a court doctor among the aristocracy; and even Brissot, in his M�moires, admits his influence in the scientific world of Paris. The next years were much occupied with scientific work, especially the study of heat, light and electricity, on which he presented memoirs to the Acad�mie des Sciences, but the academicians were horrified at his temerity in differing from Newton , and, though acknowledging his industry, would not receive him among them. His experiments greatly interested Benjamin Franklin , who used to visit him and Goethe always regarded his rejection by the academy as a glaring instance of scientific despotism. In 1780 he had published at Neuch�tel a Plan de l�gislation criminelle, founded on the principles of Beccaria. In April 1786 he resigned his court appointment. The results of his leisure were in 1787 a new translation of Newton's Optics, and in 1788 his M�moires acad�miques, ou nouvelles d�couvertes sur la lumi�re. His scientific life was now over, his political life was to begin in the notoriety of that political life his great scientific and philosophical knowledge was to be forgotten, the high position he had given up denied, and he himself scoffed at as an ignorant charlatan, who had sold quack medicines about the streets of Paris, and been glad to earn a few sous in the stables of the comte d'Artois. In 1788 the notables had met, and advised the assembling of the states-general. The elections were the cause of a flood of pa	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,184	What was TV chef Graeme Kerr nicknamed	Graham Kerr Biographies Graham Kerr Almost forgotten by the turn of the 2000s, Graham Kerr was the celebrity chef of the 1970s. He became famous for his one show, the "Galloping Gourmet." 455 episodes were filmed in all. There was butter, cream, wine and laughter. During the run of "The Galloping Gourmet", Weight Watchers named him "public enemy number one" and sent him a broken spoon. He was considered outrageous for the times. While making a chicken dish, he'd say "All right, ladies! Throw your breasts into the pan." He joked, played camp and laughed with his viewers, and never minded making himself the object of laughs. His episodes went so fast that no one was ever really able to write the recipes down. Then, it all changed. He had a car accident, and found Jesus and low-fat. He became a member of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and an honorary life member of the American Dietetic Association. He has become (as of 2007) a public speaker at hospitals and for organizations, health programmes and rehab centres, and has set up his own corporation called "Kerr Corporation." He partners with American Dietetic Association for projects, and does radio / TV spots for the American National Cancer Institute on healthy fruit and vegetables. A naturalized American citizen, he lives in Mount Vernon, Washington. His favourite spices are garlic, ginger, lemongrass and lemon. Chronology 1934 -- Graham was born 22 January 1934 in Brondesbury London, England. His Scottish Presbyterian parents had a hotel in Sussex; previously, his father John Douglas Kerr had worked for Claridge's in London. He went to a primary school called "Kidbrooke Park" in Forest Row, East Sussex. The first thing he made in the kitchen was puff pastry, when he was 6, reaching the work-surface in his parent's hotel's kitchen by standing on a box. The puff pastry didn't turn out. 1948 -- At the age of 14, Graham dropped out of school. 1949 -- At the age of 15, he started training at the Roebuck Hotel in Ware, East Sussex, England, then studied hotel management at colleges in Brighton (Brighton Technical College) and Devon. 1952 -- At the age of 18, he started several years in the British army in the kitchens at a garrison in Wales, then at the Army Emergency Reserve in Bedford, Bedfordshire. Part of his stint at one point was washing pans when he was demoted from Corporal to Private for not doing as he was told, and for pranks such as sending a Yorkshire pudding to the Ministry of Health to be analysed, 1955 -- On 22 September 1955, he married Treena Van Doom, an English actress (born 18 May 1934.) They had first met when they were both eleven. They would have three children. 1955 -- Graham and Treena joined Graham's parents as business partners in owning and running an inn dating back to the 1400s, but it went bankrupt. To pay off their debts, he had to get a job as a waiter; she had to get a job as a barmaid. They paid off the debt with their tips. 1956 -- Their daughter Tessa was born. 1957 -- Aged twenty-three, he became general manager of the Royal Ascot Hotel in Berkshire (demolished 1964), where his parents were now working as well. He found it a lot of work for very little money. 1958 -- Graham and Treena emigrated to New Zealand, where Graham worked as a food advisor for the New Zealand Air Force. They arrived with $1.25 to their name; and got an advance of $200 on his salary. 1959 -- Graham appeared on the air in New Zealand to demonstrate cooking. In his very first cooking show ever on television, he was dressed in military uniform, and showed how to cook an omelet. He was a hit. He went on to do 60 shows more in this series, called "Entertaining with Kerr." He also became an advisor to various government produce marketing boards in New Zealand. 1960 -- His son Andrew was born. 1963 and 1965 -- Graham won New Zealand Television's "Personality of the Year" award. 1964 -- Graham was transferred by the military to Sydney, Australia, where he did a show called "Eggs with Flight Lieutenant Kerr" on Saturday nights. In Australia, he lived in	Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin - BDO World Championships - Betting News \| William Hill Andrea Calo 12th Dec 2008 - 12:49 Darts nicknames: from the Crafty Cockney to the Assassin Darts, through its nicknames, stands alone in UK sport. No other sport equals its colourfully monikered cast of characters in this sceptred isle – and it’s time we paid tribute to it. Where US sport has its Babes, A-Rods and Pistol Petes, and the footballers of Brazil wear names like Garrincha ( “songbird”), Ronaldinho (“little Ronaldo”) and Fred (erm, “Fred”), sportsmen in the UK tend to go by names like Alan, Steve, Wayne and, um, Rio. Not so our nation’s professional darts players. They add some much-needed colour to the world of sport – if, no longer, ITV’s World of Sport – and what’s more, a well-chosen nickname can turn a darts player from a permed also-ran with a beergut into a household name. Just ask Steve “the Bronzed Adonis” Beaton. A good darts nickname gives you an extra three inches at the oche. Phil “the Power” Taylor has a headstart on Raymond “Barney” van Barneveld every time they meet – largely because he’s got a proper nickname. And, if you’re Keith “the Kid” Dellar, your own name could even become rhyming slang for the nation’s favourite drink. A history of darts nicknames The first darts nickname is generally agreed to have belonged to the “Crafty Cockney”, Eric Bristow. According to a story in the Daily Mirror in 2005, he was given the nom de guerre by Bobby George – then known to the world as “Bobby George”, and not “Bobby Dazzler”, “Mister Glitter”, “the King of Darts” or any of the other monikers given to the legendary Essex pro. Another story mentions an ex-pat pub in Los Angeles that Bristow visited – that’s how big darts was in the 1980s – called “The Crafty Cockney”. The pub produced red bowling shirts with its name emblazoned on the back. London lad Bristow bagged himself one to wear on the oche – up to then he’d traditionally appeared in a red polo shirt – and the nickname went back to Britain with the darts player. Other players of the day soon got nicknames of their own, although most were attributed by others rather than self-chosen (Bobby George almost certainly coined John Lowe’s moniker of “Old Stoneface”) and some – like Cliff Lazarenko’s “Big Cliff” – didn’t exactly test the crowd’s imagination. By the time Steve Beaton was appearing in tournaments as “the Bronzed Adonis” in the early 1990s, though, a nickname was an essential part of a pro darts player’s armoury. And with the arrival of the World Darts Council (later the PDC) and darts’ great schism, having a nickname became de facto darts law. The PDC added razzmatazz, family friendliness and Sky cash to darts, and a nickname and entrance music was part of the pro player’s package. Plain old Phil Taylor – winner of two pre-split BDO World Championships – went on to dominate the game of darts with 11 PDC titles as the more impressive Phil “the Power” Taylor. The BDO soon got in on the act, too, with “the Count” (Ted Hankey), “the Viking” (Andy Fordham) and “Wolfie” (Martin Adams) all winning World titles. With the PDC World Darts Championship arriving soon on Sky and the BDO World Darts Championships following closely behind on the BBC, it's time to get learning those nicknames again. Selected list of darts nicknames The Assassin – Martin Atkins	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,185	Associated with a famous incident of 1789, which Pacific island has Adamstown as its main settlement?	Pitcairn Islands : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Pitcairn" redirects here. For other uses, see Pitcairn (disambiguation) . Pitcairn Islands 2.7/sq mi Currency New Zealand dollar ( NZD ) Time zone ( UTC -8) Internet TLD .pn Calling code 64 The Pitcairn Islands (pronounced /ˈpɪtkɛərn/; [1] Pitkern : Pitkern Ailen), officially named the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, form a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean . The islands are a British overseas territory (formerly a British colony), the last remaining in the Pacific. The four islands – named Pitcairn, Henderson , Ducie , and Oeno – are spread over several hundred miles of ocean and have a total area of about 18 square miles (47 km2). Only Pitcairn, the second largest and measuring about 2 miles across, is inhabited. The islands are best known as home of the descendants of the Bounty mutineers and the Tahitians who accompanied them, an event retold in numerous books and films. This story is still apparent in the surnames of many of the islanders. With only 50 inhabitants (from nine families), Pitcairn is also notable for being the least populated and most remote jurisdiction in the world (although it is not a sovereign nation ). The United Nations Committee on Decolonisation includes the Pitcairn Islands on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories . [2] Contents Main article: History of the Pitcairn Islands The mutineers turning Bligh and part of the officers and crew adrift from the Bounty , 29 April 1789 The original settlers of the Pitcairn Islands were Polynesians who appear to have lived on Pitcairn and Henderson for several centuries. Although archaeologists believe that Polynesians were living on Pitcairn as late as the 15th century, the islands were uninhabited when they were discovered by Europeans . [3] Ducie and Henderson Islands are believed to have been discovered by Europeans on 26 January 1606 by Portuguese sailor Pedro Fernandes de Queirós , sailing for the Spanish crown, who named them La Encarnación (" The Incarnation ") and San Juan Bautista (" Saint John the Baptist "), respectively. However, some sources express doubt about exactly which of the islands were visited and named by Queirós, suggesting that Queirós’ La Encarnación may actually have been Henderson Island, and San Juan Bautista may have been Pitcairn Island. [4] Pitcairn Island was discovered on 3 July 1767 by the crew of the British sloop HMS Swallow, commanded by Captain Philip Carteret (though according to some it had perhaps been visited by Queirós in 1606). It was named after Midshipman Robert Pitcairn, a fifteen-year-old crew member who was the first to sight the island. Robert Pitcairn was the son of British Marine Officer John Pitcairn . Geodesy Collection on Pitcairn Island Carteret, who sailed without the newly invented accurate marine chronometer , charted the island at 25° 2’ south and 133° 21’ west of Greenwich , but although the latitude was reasonably accurate the longitude was incorrect by about 3°. This made Pitcairn difficult to find, as highlighted by the failure of Captain James Cook to locate the island in July 1773. [5] [6] In 1790, nine of the mutineers from the Bounty and Tahitian companions (six men, 11 women and a baby), some of whom may have been kidnapped from Tahiti, settled on Pitcairn Island and set fire to the Bounty [7] . The wreck is still visible underwater in Bounty Bay . The ship itself was discovered in 1957 by National Geographic explorer Luis Marden . Although the settlers were able to survive by farming and fishing, the initial period of settlement was marked by serious tensions among the settlers. Alcoholism, murder, disease and other ills took the lives of most mutineers and Tahitian men. John Adams and Ned Young turned to the sc	Liberty Island Chronology - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) Liberty Island Chronology Early History A.D. 994 Native Americans begin to inhabit the land that is now Liberty Island. This island is one of the three "Oyster Islands" in New York Harbor, for the numerous shell beds in this location and a major source of food. 1609 Henry Hudson lands in New York Harbor and the Hudson River estuary. Europeans begin to colonize the area which includes the Oyster Islands. Occupation, war, and disease during colonization force the Native Americans to move both north and west. 1667 Isaac Bedloe, a Dutch colonist, obtains a colonial land grant for this Oyster Island. 1669 Colonial Governor Francis Lovelace confirms Bedloe's ownership of the island on the condition that it is renamed Love Island. 1673 Bedloe dies, Governor Lovelace is overthrown by the Dutch navy, and Love Island is renamed Bedloe's Island. 1674 The English take over Bedloe's Island. 1732 Mary Bedloe Smith (Isaac's widow) sells Bedloe's Island to Adolph Philipse and Henry Lane, New York merchants, to get out of bankruptcy. 1738 New York City takes possession of the island, using it as a quarantine station, inspecting incoming ships for contamination and disease. 1746 Archibald Kennedy (later 11th Earl of Cassiles) purchases the island and establishes a summer residence. 1755-1757 Bedloe's Island is reestablished as a quarantine station due to the outbreak of smallpox. 1758 Ownership of Bedloe's Island is again granted to New York City. 1759-1760 A hospital is constructed on Bedloe's Island. 1772-1776 During the American Revolution, the island is used as an asylum for Tory sympathizers (American colonists loyal to Great Britain during the war). 1776 Colonial insurgents lay siege Bedloe's Island and burn its buildings. 1784 The New York state legislature passes an act once again making the island a quarantine station. 1793-1796 The French (allies of the Patriots during the war) use Bedloe's Island as an isolation station. 1794 After the events of the American Revolution, and the rising tensions between the United States, England, and France, federal dollars are appropriated to construct fortifications on Bedloe's Island. 1807 The United States Army administers Bedloe's Island as a military post until 1937. Construction on the "Works on Bedloe's Island," later known as Fort Wood, begins. The 11-point star fort aids in the protection of the New York Harbor. It is garrisoned with artillery and infantry until the outbreak of the Civil War. 1811 The "Works on Bedloe's Island" is completed. 1814 The "Works on Bedloe's Island," is renamed Fort Wood by New York Governor Daniel D. Tompkins in the memory of Eleazer D. Wood, an army hero killed in action at Fort Erie. 1834 An interstate agreement between New York and New Jersey places Bedloe's Island (the land above low level water mark) within New York while New Jersey retains riparian rights to waters and all submerged land surrounding the island. 1861 The United States Civil War begins and Fort Wood serves as a recruiting station and ordinance depot. A small garrison is maintained at the fort. 1877 The garrison at Fort Wood is disbanded. However, the United States Army continues to supervise an ordnance post (and remains active) on Bedloe's Island until 1937. Bedloe's Island is designated as the site for the Statue of Liberty. Bartholdi in his studio, Vavin Street, Paris, 1892 National park service, statue of liberty NM The Origins of the Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty is more than a monument; she is a beloved friend and living symbol of freedom to millions of people worldwide. 1865 Edouard de Laboulaye, a French political intellectual and authority on the U.S. Constitution, proposes that France give a statue representing liberty to the United States for its centennial. The recent Union victory in the American Civil War reaffirms the United States' ideals of freedom and democracy, serving as a platform for Laboulaye to argue that honoring the United States would strengthen the cause	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,186	"What country is ""the land of the rising sun""?"	Why is Japan called the "land of the rising sun"? \| Reference.com Why is Japan called the "land of the rising sun"? A: Quick Answer Japan is called the "land of the rising sun" because from China it appears that the sun rises from the direction of Japan. The Japanese people call their country "Nippon" or "Nihon," which literally translated means "source of the sun." It is loosely translated into English as "land of the rising sun." Full Answer There is nothing but the Pacific Ocean for miles beyond Japan, with nothing else visible from a continental view. The Chinese took in this view from the shoreline, which created the illusion that the rising sun came from Japan, earning the country the nickname. The name also indicates the location of Japan with relation to China. It is directly east of the Chinese coastline. During Japan's early development, China had a large influence on the emerging Japanese culture. It is believed that the Japanese took the name Nihon for their country because of how the country was seen from a Chinese perspective. The Chinese gave Japan the name during the Sui Dynasty. The Japanese version of the name, Nippon, was officially adopted in documents and manuscripts during the Taika Reform in 645 AD. This provided a way to centralize the country's government rather than allow it to continue as a conglomeration of privately owned lands.	Flags with descriptions Home - Country listing - Field listing Flags with descriptions European Union a blue field with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle in the center; blue represents the sky of the Western world, the stars are the peoples of Europe in a circle, a symbol of unity; the number of stars is fixed Taiwan red field with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays; the blue and white design of the canton (symbolizing the sun of progress) dates to 1895; it was later adopted as the flag of the Kuomintang Party; blue signifies liberty, justice, and democracy; red stands for fraternity, sacrifice, and nationalism, white represents equality, frankness, and the people's livelihood; the 12 rays of the sun are those of the months and the twelve traditional Chinese hours (each ray equals two hours) A Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Kastrioti SKANDERBEG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-78); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shqipetare," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal ba	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,187	Dr Robert Langdon is a fictional character in a series of novels by which author?	Robert Langdon (Character) - Biography biography The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff. Warning! This character biography may contain plot spoilers. Visit our Character Biography Help to learn more. Character Biography History Discuss Robert Langdon (June 22, 1964 in Exeter, New Hampshire, United States) is a fictional professor of religious iconology and symbology at Harvard University who appeared in the Dan Brown novels Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), The Lost Symbol (2009), and Inferno (2013). Tom Hanks portrayed Robert Langdon in the 2006 film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code, reprised the role in the 2009 film adaptation of Angels & Demons, and will play the role again in the 2016 film adaptation of Inferno. Little background detail is given by Brown about Robert Langdon. In The Da Vinci Code, he is described as looking like "Harrison Ford in Harris tweed". He was a diver at Phillips Exeter in prep school and played water polo collegiately as well. He suffers from claustrophobia, the fear of enclosed spaces. In the film adaptation of The Da Vinci Code, Professor Langdon has nearly an eidetic memory and phenomenal problem-solving talents. Robert Langdon was named after John Langdon, a professor of typography at Drexel University who is known for his creation of ambigrams, typographical designs that can be read in multiple ways; for example, both right side up and upside down. An example of Langdons ambigrams appeared on the cover of the first edition of Browns novel Angels & Demons. On the acknowledgments page, Brown calls Langdon one of the most ingenious and gifted artists alive who rose brilliantly to my impossible challenge and created the ambigrams for this novel. John Langdon also created the logo for the Depository Bank of Zurich, which appears in The Da Vinci Code film. Angels and Demons: Robert Langdon is called to CERN headquarters in Switzerland to find out about the religious symbological implications of the death of CERN's finest and most well known scientist, Leonardo Vetra. When he starts to investigate the murder, his obsession for the subject history comes into play. Langdon is later joined in the investigation by Vittoria Vetra (Leonardo's daughter) and they start their journey to the Vatican to unlock the mystery behind the Illuminati, an anti-Christian secret society which, according to the plot, has deeply infiltrated many global institutions, political, economical and religious. Langdon and Vetra solve the mystery of the Illuminati by following the Path of Illumination and in so doing to explain the disappearances of four Cardinals during a papal conclave, the murder of Leonardo Vetra, and the theft of antimatter (a weapon that can be used for mass destruction). At the end of the novel Langdon ends up having a relationship with Vittoria Vetra. This relationship, however, is only mentioned briefly in the Da Vinci Code, mentioning the fact that Langdon had recently felt as though he was drifting apart from Vittoria. In the last few sentences of Angels and Demons, Vittoria Vetra asks him if he has ever had a divine experience. When he replies in the negative, Vittoria strips and quips, "You've never been to bed with a yoga master, have you?" Their relationship, however, is only referred to in The Da Vinci Code, mentioning the fact that Langdon had last seen Vittoria a year previously. The Da Vinci Code: Langdon is in Paris to give a lecture on his work. Having made an appointment to meet with Jacques Sauniï¿½re, the curator of the Louvre, he is startled to find the French police at his hotel room door. They inform him that Sauniï¿½re has been murdered and they would like his immediate assistance at the Louvre to help them solve the crime. Unknown to Langdon, he is in fact the prime suspect in the murder and has been summoned to the scene of the crime so that the police may extract a confession from him. While he is in the Louvre, he meets Sophie Neveu, a young cryptologist from the DCPJ. When Langdon and Sophie get the c	Stephen King - 'Salem's Lot (Audiobook) » Vector, Photoshop PSDAfter Effects, Tutorials, Template, 3D, Categories: E-Books & Audio Books » Audio Books English - Mp3 - AudioBook - Unabridged - 620 MB 'Salem's Lot is a 1975 horror fiction novel written by the American author Stephen King. It was his second novel to be published. The story involves a writer named Ben Mears who returns to the town where he lived as a boy between the ages of 9 through 13 (Jerusalem's Lot, or 'Salem's Lot for short) in Maine, New England, to discover that the residents are all becoming vampires. The town would be a location that would be revisited in the short stories "Jerusalem's Lot" and "One for the Road", both from King's 1978 short story collection Night Shift. Stephen King - 'Salem's Lot (Audiobook) HI-SPEED DOWNLOAD Free 300 GB with Full DSL-Broadband Speed! The title King originally chose for his book was Second Coming, but he later decided on Jerusalem's Lot. King stated the reason being that his wife, novelist Tabitha King, thought the original title sounded too much like a "bad sex story". King's publishers then shortened it to the current title, thinking the author's choice sounded too religious. 'Salem's Lot has been adapted into a television mini-series twice, first in 1979 and then in 2004. It was also adapted by the BBC as a seven part radio play in 1995. The novel was nominated for the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1976. In two separate interviews, King conceded that ‘Salem’s Lot was his personal favorite book of those which he has written. In his 1983 Playboy Interview the interviewer mentioned that because it was his favorite, King was planning a sequel, but he has more recently stated on his website that since his Dark Tower series picked up the story already, in the novels “Wolves of The Calla” and "Song of Susanna," he felt there was no longer a need for one.[3] In 1987 he told Phil Konstantin in "The Highway Patrolman" magazine: "In a way it is my favorite story, mostly because of what it says about small towns. They are kind of a dying organism right now. The story seems sort of down home to me. I have a special cold spot in my heart for it!" [4] The book is dedicated to King's daughter Naomi: "For Naomi Rachel King . . . promises to keep." Ben Mears, a successful writer who grew up in the town of Jerusalem's Lot, Maine, has returned home after twenty-five years. Once in town he meets local high school teacher Matt Burke and strikes up a romantic relationship with Susan Norton, a young college graduate. Ben starts writing a book about the Marsten House, an abandoned mansion where he had a bad experience as a child. Mears learns that the Marsten House--the former home of Depression-era hitman Hubert "Hubie" Marsten--has been purchased by Kurt Barlow, an Austrian immigrant who has arrived in the Lot to ostensibly open an antique store. Barlow is an apparent recluse; only his familiar, Richard Straker, is seen in public. The duo's arrival coincides with the disappearance of a young boy, Ralphie Glick, and the death of his brother Danny, who becomes the town's first vampire, infecting such locals as Mike Ryerson, Randy McDougall, Jack Griffen, and Danny's own mother, Marjorie Glick. Danny fails, however, to infect Mark Petrie, who resists him successfully. Over the course of several weeks almost all of the townspeople are infected. Ben Mears and Susan are joined by Matt Burke and his doctor, Jimmy Cody, along with young Mark Petrie and the local priest, Father Callahan, in an effort to fight the spread of the vampires, whose numbers increase as the new vampires infect their own families and others. Susan is captured by Barlow before Mark has a chance to rescue her. Susan becomes a vampire, but is eventually staked through the heart by Mears, the man who loved her. Father Callahan is caught by Barlow at the Petrie house after Barlow kills Mark's parents, but does not infect them, so they are later given a clean burial. Barlow holds Mark hostage, but Father Callahan has the up	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,188	'Oscar' nominated actress Kate Hudson is the daughter of which actress?	Kate Hudson sweeps Oscar red carpet amidst rumours of Matthew Bellamy split \| Daily Mail Online Share this article Share Kate matched her hairstyle to the 1950s-style gown, wearing her blonde locks long and sleek - and parted fetchingly to one side. Good company: Kate was followed on the Oscar red carpet by Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith Nominated for a best supporting actress award in 2000 for her character Penny Lane in the film Almost Famous, Kate is the daughter of Goldie Hawn and Oliver Hudson. While Kate made a stunning entrance, noticeably absent was her fiancé Matthew Bellamy. Although Kate and fiance Matt Bellamy recently denied they were breaking up, the Muse frontman was nowhere to be seen Sunday. Sweeping look: Kate's long glossy locks were worn swept to the side, matching the long hem of her dress A story in the New York Daily News claimed the couple - who have been engaged since 2011 - have drifted apart due to the 'separate lives' they have been living, but Kate's spokesperson denied it. Kate and Matt, 35, started dating in spring 2010, with the actress falling pregnant just two months after they started dating. It had initially been claimed the pair, who raise two-year-old son Bingham Hawn Bellamy together, were on the outs over where to live: Kate prefers to be in Los Angeles near the film industry and her mother; while Matt is reported to be reluctant to leave London and his Muse bandmates. Kate will next be seen starring with James Franco in a thriller called Good People. She's also in pre-production on Wish I Was Here, the Zach Braff directed film about a family growing apart. Still together? Kate has denied splitting with fiance and baby daddy Matthew Bellamy. They attended Kate's premier of The Reluctant Fundamentalist at the 69th Venice Film Festival on August 29, 2012 THE OSCARS 2014: WINNERS LIST Best Picture	Oscars Record Holders: Academy Award Nominees and Winners - Us Weekly By Allison Takeda Meryl Streep, Anthony Hopkins, and Walt Disney are among those who hold Oscar records for nominations and wins at the Academy Awards Credit: Michael Buckner/Getty Images; Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images; Apic/Getty Images Roll out the red carpet -- the 2014 Oscars are just around the corner! In celebration of the 86th Academy Awards, airing live from L.A.'s Dolby Theatre on Sunday, March 2, Us Weekly is taking a look back at nearly nine decades of wins, losses, upsets, and more fun facts. Which Hollywood legend has 59 nominations? Which star won a leading actor trophy for just 16 minutes of screen time? We've got the answers -- and more Oscars record-holders -- in the roundup below! Not surprisingly, the actress with the most total acting nominations is Meryl Streep , who has earned 18 nominations for films including Out of Africa, The Bridges of Madison County, The Devil Wears Prada, Julie & Julia, and this year's August: Osage County. Three of those 18 nominations resulted in wins, for 1979's Kramer vs. Kramer, 1982's Sophie's Choice, and 2011's The Iron Lady. PHOTOS: Oscars dress predictions -- what J. Law, Lupita, and other stars should wear on the red carpet The male record-holder for most total acting nominations is Jack Nicholson , who has been up for an Oscar 12 times since 1969. His nominated performances include roles in Easy Rider, Chinatown, and About Schmidt. Like Streep, he has three wins under his belt, for 1975's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, 1983's Terms of Endearment, and 1997's As Good As It Gets. In the category of youngest Oscar winners ever, there are two record-holders. Shirley Temple, who won the Honorary Juvenile Award at age 6 in 1934, is the youngest overall, but Tatum O'Neal is the youngest in the standard competitive categories. She earned a Best Supporting Actress trophy for Paper Moon in 1973, when she was 10 years old. Take a look at some other Academy Award record-holders: Oldest Honorary Oscar winner: art director Robert F. Boyle, 98 when he won in 2007 Oldest competitive Oscar winner: Christopher Plummer, 82 when he won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners Most nominations received by a single film: All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997), with 14 nominations each Most awards won by a single film: Ben-Hur (1959), Titanic (1997), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), with 11 wins each PHOTOS: Stars who have never won an Oscar Most film nominations without a win: The Turning Point (1977) and The Color Purple (1985), with 11 nominations each Most acting nominations without a competitive win: Peter O'Toole, with 8 nominations (O'Toole later won an Honorary Oscar in 2003) Shortest performance to win a lead-acting Oscar: Anthony Hopkins' 16 minutes of screen time in Silence of the Lambs Most total nominations for a single person: Walt Disney, with 59 nominations and 22 wins, most for short films like Ferdinand the Bull and Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day PHOTOS: Stars' Oscar looks through the years Most wins for a leading actress: Katharine Hepburn, with 4 awards (for Morning Glory in 1934, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner in 1968, The Lion in Winter in 1969, and On Golden Pond in 1982) Most wins for a leading actor: Daniel Day-Lewis, with 3 awards (for My Left Foot in 1990, There Will Be Blood in 2008, and Lincoln in 2013) Most nominations for directing: Ben-Hur director William Wyler, with 12 nominations (and 3 wins)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,189	Which is the only one of the 7(seven) Dwarfs not to have a beard?	Clauses: Noun Clauses: What's in a Name? Adjective Clauses: Paint by Numbers Noun Clauses: What's in a Name? Not to be left out of the fun, nouns also have their own clause. Just as you would expect, a noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. Because it functions as a noun, this clause can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, predicate nominative, or appositive. For instance: No one understands why experience is something you don't get until just after you need it. The noun clause “why experience is something you don't get until just after you need it” functions as a direct object. Where the candy bar is hidden remains a mystery. The noun clause “where the candy bar is hidden” functions as the subject of the sentence. You Could Look It Up A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. The instructor gave whoever got their papers in early extra credit. The noun clause “whoever got their papers in early” functions as an indirect object. Connect the Dots Clauses can also be used to express comparisons. When such clauses imply some of the words rather than state them outright, you have created an elliptical clause. The name “elliptical” comes from the word ellipsis, which means “omission.” For example: The other members of the demonstration were as angry as I. Insert the missing word was after “I.” The social climber feared the judgment of the decorator more than the cost of the project. Insert the missing subject and verb “he (or she) feared” after the word than. You Could Look It Up Elliptical clauses intentionally omit words for conciseness. Elliptical clauses come in different flavors: adverb, adjective, and noun. Here's how you can recognize them. Type of Clause Subject, verb, or the second half of the comparison Danger, Will Robinson Because elliptical clauses are missing words, there's a danger that they might not convey your meaning. As you write, say the word or words you are leaving out to make sure your clauses are clear. The mark of punctuation called an ellipsis is three spaced dots (…). It's used to show that something has been intentionally omitted from a sentence. Elliptical clauses don't use the three spaced dots of the ellipsis; instead, the elliptical clause just swipes the name of the ellipsis and adopts its function in the way it structures a sentence by omitting certain words. Elliptical clauses help create concise writing and speech. In these days when many people have a lot to say but say little, we want to support the use of the elliptical clause as much as possible. Getting Down and Dirty Time for fun, Gentle Reader. Knowing how to identify clauses is important, but it's even more important that you know how to use them to create precise and graceful sentences. Try it now. Combine each pair of clauses to eliminate unnecessary words and express the meaning more clearly. There are several different ways to combine each sentence. If you're stumped, I've given you a hint in parenthesis at the end of each pair of sentences. 1. I found the book. I need the book. (that) ____________________________________________________________________ Dopey is the only one of the seven dwarfs who does not have a beard. The friend from whom I received a postcard is working in Bora-Bora. Wherever he travels, he collects bizarre souvenirs. When Thomas Jefferson returned from Naples to American with four crates of “maccarony,” he never guessed that someday his countrymen would be eating more than 150 types of pasta. Despite its reputation, pasta is not necessarily fattening. Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Grammar and Style © 2003 by Laurie E. Rozakis, Ph.D.. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. To order this book direct from the publisher, visit the Penguin USA website or call 1-800-253-6476. You can also purchase this book at Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble . Advertisement Advertisement	Dopey \| Disney Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Development Character creation In the very early stages of pre-production for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Dopey was simply called 'The Seventh'. An armature of each dwarf was constructed as reference for the animators. Perce Pierce, one of the storymen working on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, was particularly active in creating the characters of the dwarfs. Dopey's personality and role were finalized quite late in the process. After someone suggested that Dopey should move like burlesque comedian Eddie Collins, Collins himself was filmed performing actions for Dopey. This helped to define the character's personality. Mel Blanc , known for his voice work in Looney Tunes was hired to voice Dopey, but he was dropped when Dopey was decided to be mute. A similar event would happen with Gideon from Pinocchio . Animation Though designing the dwarfs was relatively easy, animating them proved to be difficult, as the animators, already finding human figures difficult to animate, now had to animate "ill-formed" human figures. Vladimir Tytla noted that the dwarfs should walk with a swing to their hips, and Fred Moore commented that the dwarfs had to move a little more quickly to keep up with the human characters. In order to establish Dopey's character during the march home in " Heigh-Ho ", George Stalling noted traits specific to the character, to be taken into account in the animation: An armature of each dwarf was constructed as reference for the animators. Personality Dopey is often the butt of the other dwarfs' jokes and his silly, playful actions often annoy the pompous Doc and the short-tempered Grumpy . Not entirely dim-witted, Dopey simply acts in the vein of a toddler or a dog, which explains why his shenanigans are met with little to no punishment or confrontation, aside from a soft clunk on the head, or something along those harmless lines. The dwarfs are apparently used to his goofy actions and simply ignore them, generally. Perhaps Dopey's most notable trait is his lack of speech. As mentioned above, Happy states Dopey is simply unaware whether or not he can speak, as he has simply never tried. In spite of this, he can occasionally be heard making various vocals, such as whimpers, hiccups and a one-shot yell. Interestingly, his lack of speech does not seem to trouble the rest of the dwarfs, as they are shown to understand his other forms of communication just fine. Doc, specifically, was able to easily translate Dopey's blathering into a cohesive sentence prior to their first meeting with Snow White . Physical appearance Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs In the 1937 film , Dopey is a short and slender dwarf. Unlike his companions, he has no beard and is completely bald. He has pale skin, baby blue eyes, giant ears, thick black eyebrows, and a small pink cherry nose. He dons a loose olive drab turtleneck tunic with a couple of gold buttons vertically on his chest and sienna patches on his elbows stitched in black thread, a black belt with gold rectangular outlined buckle, blue leggings, a pair of sienna medieval-style shoes, and a purple stocking cap. He is also mute, according to Happy as he tells Snow White that he does not talk and never tries. The 7D In the 2014 Disney XD television series , he is a short and slender dwarf. He carries white skin, a pink cherry nose, wavy brown hair, matching eyebrows, cream freckles, pink ear innards, and white eyes with very small black pupils. He sports a teal turtleneck with a flower on his left chest consisting of five red petals around its yellow center, purple pants, a pair of crimson shoes, a long red stocking cap with multi-colored polka dots on it, and a brown pom-pom on its tip. Appearances Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Dopey in the mines. Dopey is first introduced, along with his six companions, at the Dwarfs' Mine . His job is to sweep up the diamonds thrown away by Doc. At one point, Dopey pretends that two diamonds are his eyes, much to Doc's disapproval. Dopey is the last dwarf to leave the mine, and walks at the b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,190	The name Wendy was first made up in which famous book?	The Straight Dope: Was the name Wendy invented for the book "Peter Pan"? A Staff Report from the Straight Dope Science Advisory Board Was the name Wendy invented for the book "Peter Pan"? December 17, 2002 Dear Straight Dope: Here's a rumor (and by rumor I mean one of those E-mail-lore things): The name Wendy was made-up for the book Peter Pan. As I have a friend so named, is this true? — Craig Cormier One simple click here shows us that the name Wendy was invented in 1973 for the "Superfriends" cartoon on ABC, the name Marvin having been previously invented by Mel Blanc in the 50s for a series of Bugs Bunny cartoons. Next question? All kidding aside, J. M. Barrie did not invent the name Wendy for his 1904 play Peter Pan, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (the book form of the story, Peter and Wendy, was published in 1911). He did popularize it, though. Barrie apparently was inspired to use the name by a young friend named Margaret Henley, the daughter of writer William Henley. Margaret, who died around 1895 at age 6, called Barrie her "friendy." Since she couldn't pronounce her Rs at the time, the word came out "fwendy," or "fwendy-wendy," in some versions of the story. But we have absolute proof that there were earlier Wendys, thanks to the just-released 1880 U.S. Census and the 1881 British Census (available here ). These documents show that the name Wendy, while not common, was indeed used in both the U.S. and Great Britain throughout the 1800s. I had no trouble finding twenty females with the first name Wendy in the United States, the earliest being Wendy Gram of Ohio (born in 1828). If you include such spelling variations as Windy, Wendi, Wenda, and Wandy the number triples. As to the origins of said name, websites here and here make the claim that Wendy is a derivative of the name Gwendolen or maybe Gwendolyn. Looking further, I chanced upon World Wide Wendy , a site dedicated to, well, all things Wendy. On this site, Doctor of Folklore Leslie Ellen Jones discusses the possible Welsh origins of the name Gwendolyn and its derivative Wendy. In both the English and U.S. Census, however, the name Wendy is also used as a male first name, so I suspect further research may be required. Of course, if you go back a few centuries and head east a mite, we have the Chinese emperor Wendi of the Sui dynasty (541-604), and before that the Great Emperor Wendi of the Han dynasty (179 BC-157 BC). But that's stretching it a bit far, don'tcha think? Further reference:	Gisel questions1 - Pastebin.com Gisel questions1 What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? "A study in scarlet" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in "France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? 24\|twenty four George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? littlee lulu What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, "The Godfather". even though this word was the working title of the book? mafia In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? lothar What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? nepoleon Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? dick tracy In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? punjab The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? jaws What famous American writer was granted a patent for a best-selling book that contained no words? mark twain The Emerald City was the working title of which classic novel? "The wonderful wizard of oz" What book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he killed John Lennon on 12/8/80? catcher in the rye In the 1953 biopic about the famous Houdini who played the starring role? tony curtis O'Hare International airport is in which city? chicago Rap originated In what country? usa\|united states After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declared war on which country? japan What was the movie "Twister "about? tornados What is the name of the prehistoric town in which The Flintstones live? bedrock Barbie dolls were first made in which 20th-century decade? 50's\|50s\|1950s American supermarkets introduced what kind of codes in the mid 70s? barcodes\|bar codes How many carats is pure gold? 24\|twentyfour\|twenty four Carlos Estevez is better known as whom? charlie sheen A 2000 year old, life size terracotta army was discovered in which country? china How long did the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 last? 6 days\|six days RAW Paste Data What is the name of Dr. Seuss's egg-hatching elephant? horton Who was Clark Kent's high school sweetheart? lana lang What was the first published Sherlock Holmes story written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle? "A study in scarlet" To whom did Herman Melville dedicate his novel, Moby Dick? nathanial hawthorne What was the name of the girlfriend of Felix the Cat? phyllis Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in "France? sebastian melmoth What was Scarlett O'Hara's real first name? katie How many years did Robinson Crusoe spend shipwrecked on his island? 24\|twenty four George G. Moppet was the father of what comic strip character? littlee lulu What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, "The Godfather". even though this word was the working title of the book? mafia In the comic strips, what was the name of Mandrake the Magician's giant partner? lothar What was the name of the pig leader in George Orwell's Animal Farm? nepoleon Tess Trueheart is the wife of what comic strip character? dick tracy In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban? punjab The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public? jaws What famous American writer was granted a patent for a be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,191	Of which Kansas town was Tex Tucker the sheriff in a Gerry Anderson T V puppet show?	Four Feather Falls \| TVmaze Four Feather Falls Gallery (1) Follow "Four Feather Falls" was an animated puppet TV show produced by Gerry Anderson for Granada Television that aired on the ITV network in 1960. The setting is the late 19th-century fictional Kansas town of Four Feather Falls, where the hero of the series, Tex Tucker, is a sheriff. The four feathers of the title refers to four magical feathers given to Tex by the Indian chief Kalamakooya as a reward for saving his grandson: two allowed Tex's guns to swivel and fire without being touched whenever he was in danger, and two conferred the power of speech on Tex's horse and dog. Share this on:	TV Westerns - Shadows of the Past The Cisco Kid (from 1950 to 1956 all film in color) Duncan Renaldo with Diablo Wild Bill Hickok (from 1951 to 1958)* Guy Madisonwith Buckshot Kit Carson (from 1951 to 1955) Bill Williams The Range Rider (from 1952 to 1954) Jock Mahoney Roy Rogers (from 1951 to June 23, 1957) Leonard Franklin Slye (born in Duck Run, Ohio) with Trigger Death Valley Days (from 1952 to 1975!) Stanley "Old Ranger" Andrews, host Ronald Reagan, host Stories of the Century (1954) Jim Davis as Matt Clark Annie Oakley (April 1953 to December 1956) Gail Davis with her horse Target Jimmy "Tagg" Hawkins on his horse Pixie Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp (September 6, 1955 to September 26, 1961) Hugh O'Brian Gunsmoke (AKA Marshal Dillon) (September 10, 1955 to 1975!!) James Arness as Matt with his horse Buck! Cheyenne (September 20, 1955 to September 13, 1963) Norman Eugene "Clint" Walker The Restless Gun (September 23, 1957 to September 14, 1959) John Payne as Vint Bonner Trackdown (October 4, 1957 to September 23, 1959) Robert Culp Tombstone Territory (Oct. 16, 1957 - Sept. 17, 1958; Mar 13, 1959 - Oct. 9, 1959). Pat Conway -- Sheriff Clay Hollister Richard Eastham -- Harris Claibourne (editor of the Tombstone [Ariz. Terr.] Epitaph. (Theme song was "Whistle me up a memory...") Colt .45 (October 18, 1957 - September 27, 1960) Wade Preston as Christopher Colt Donald Wade as Sam Colt Jr. Wanted Dead or Alive (September 6, 1958 to March 29, 1961) Steve McQueen as Josh Randal The Texan (September 29, 1958 to September 12, 1960) Rory Calhoun rode Domino The Rifleman (September 30, 1958 to July 1, 1963) Chuck Connors as Lucas McCain Lawman (October 5, 1958 to October 2, 1962) John Russell Rawhide (January 9, 1959 to January 4, 1966) Eric Fleming as Gil Favor Clint Eastwood as Rowdy Yates Sheb Wooley as Pete Nolan the scout Bonanza (September 12, 1959 to January 16, 1973) Loren Greene as pah Pernell Roberts as Adam Cartwright Dan Blocker as Hoss Law of the Plainsman (October 1, 1959 to September 24, 1962) Michael Ansara (star of another TV show Broken Arrow) The Rebel (October 4, 1959 to September 12, 1962) Nick Adams as Johnny Yuma Bat Masterson ( October 8, 1959 to September 21, 1961) Gene Barry The Gunslinger(Feb. 9, 1961 to Sept. 14, 1961) Tony Young as Cord Preston Foster as Capt. Zachary Wingate Charles D. Gray as Pico McGuire John Picard as Sgt. Major Murdock Dee Pollock as Billy Urchin Midge Ware as Amby Hollister The Westerner (September 30, 1960 to December 30, 1960) Brian Keith (RIP ol'pard, we'll miss yew! June 25, 1997). The Virginian (1962-1970) (1970: The Men From Shiloh) James Drury -- Virginian (foreman) Doug McClure -- Trampas (assistant foreman) Lee J. Cobb (1962-66) -- Judge Henry Garth (first owner of Shiloh Ranch) Clu Gulagher (1964-68) -- Deputy Ryker Big Valley (1965-1969) Richard Long -- Jarrod (#1 son -- level headed lawyer) Peter Breck -- Nick (#2 son -- hot headed rancher) Lee Majors -- Heath (illegitimate son of Tom Barkley and a woman from Stockton: Tom had lied to Victoria that the woman was indian) Linda Evans -- Audra (daughter) Larry Ward as Marshall Frank Ragan Jack Elam as Deputy J.D. Smith Daniel Boone (165 episodes from 1964-1970) Fess Parker as Boone Branded (January 1965 - September 4, 1966) Chuck Connors as Jason McCord The Loner (18 September 1965 to 1966) Lloyd Bridges as William Colton Laredo (56 episodes from 1965-1967 NBC?) Neville Brand as Ranger Reese Bennett Peter Brown as Ranger Chad Cooper William Smith as Ranger Joe Riley Robert Wolders as Ranger Erik Hunter Philip Carey as Captain Edward Parmalee Wild, WIld West (104 episodes & 2 sequels, 1965-1969, CBS) Robert Conrad as Jim West Ross Martin as Artemus Gordon Michael Dunn as Dr. Miguelito Loveless Richard Kiel as Voltaire, Loveless' muscular and LARGE!! henchman Victor Buono as Count Manzeppi reruns daily on WTBS from Atlanta. The 2 sequel movies Wild, Wild West Revisited & More Wild, Wild West are available on video. Hondo (1967 - ?) Leif Erickson as John Cannon 1970's WESTERNS Nichols (24 episodes, 1971-1972, NBC)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,192	What federal holiday, first enacted to honor the Union soldiers of the Civil War, was formerly called Decoration Day?	Memorial Day History - Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs Memorial Day History Three years after the Civil War ended, on May 5, 1868, the head of an organization of Union veterans — the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) — established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the war dead with flowers. Maj. Gen. John A. Logan declared that Decoration Day should be observed on May 30. It is believed that date was chosen because flowers would be in bloom all over the country. The first large observance was held that year at Arlington National Cemetery, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. The ceremonies centered around the mourning-draped veranda of the Arlington mansion, once the home of Gen. Robert E. Lee. Various Washington officials, including Gen. and Mrs. Ulysses S. Grant, presided over the ceremonies. After speeches, children from the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphan Home and members of the GAR made their way through the cemetery, strewing flowers on both Union and Confederate graves, reciting prayers and singing hymns. Local Observances Claim To Be First Local springtime tributes to the Civil War dead already had been held in various places. One of the first occurred in Columbus, Miss., April 25, 1866, when a group of women visited a cemetery to decorate the graves of Confederate soldiers who had fallen in battle at Shiloh. Nearby were the graves of Union soldiers, neglected because they were the enemy. Disturbed at the sight of the bare graves, the women placed some of their flowers on those graves, as well. Today, cities in the North and the South claim to be the birthplace of Memorial Day in 1866. Both Macon and Columbus, Ga., claim the title, as well as Richmond, Va. The village of Boalsburg, Pa., claims it began there two years earlier. A stone in a Carbondale, Ill., cemetery carries the statement that the first Decoration Day ceremony took place there on April 29, 1866. Carbondale was the wartime home of Gen. Logan. Approximately 25 places have been named in connection with the origin of Memorial Day, many of them in the South where most of the war dead were buried. Official Birthplace Declared In 1966, Congress and President Lyndon Johnson declared Waterloo, N.Y., the “birthplace” of Memorial Day. There, a ceremony on May 5, 1866, honored local veterans who had fought in the Civil War. Businesses closed and residents flew flags at half-staff. Supporters of Waterloo’s claim say earlier observances in other places were either informal, not community-wide or one-time events. By the end of the 19th century, Memorial Day ceremonies were being held on May 30 throughout the nation. State legislatures passed proclamations designating the day, and the Army and Navy adopted regulations for proper observance at their facilities. It was not until after World War I, however, that the day was expanded to honor those who have died in all American wars. In 1971, Memorial Day was declared a national holiday by an act of Congress, though it is still often called Decoration Day. It was then also placed on the last Monday in May, as were some other federal holidays. Some States Have Confederate Observances Many Southern states also have their own days for honoring the Confederate dead. Mississippi celebrates Confederate Memorial Day on the last Monday of April, Alabama on the fourth Monday of April, and Georgia on April 26. North and South Carolina observe it on May 10, Louisiana on June 3 and Tennessee calls that date Confederate Decoration Day. Texas celebrates Confederate Heroes Day January 19 and Virginia calls the last Monday in May Confederate Memorial Day. Gen. Logan’s order for his posts to decorate graves in 1868 “with the choicest flowers of springtime” urged: “We should guard their graves with sacred vigilance. ... Let pleasant paths invite the coming and going of reverent visitors and fond mourners. Let no neglect, no ravages of time, testify to the present or to the coming generations that we have forgotten as a people the cos	Confederate States of America - American Civil War - HISTORY.com Confederate States of America A+E Networks Introduction During the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America consisted of the governments of 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61, carrying on all the affairs of a separate government and conducting a major war until defeated in the spring of 1865. Convinced that their way of life, based on slavery, was irretrievably threatened by the election of President Abraham Lincoln (November 1860), the seven states of the Deep South (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas) seceded from the Union during the following months. When the war began with the firing on Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861), they were joined by four states of the upper South (Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia). Google Formed in February 1861, the Confederate States of America was a republic composed of eleven Southern states that seceded from the Union in order to preserve slavery, states’ rights, and political liberty for whites. Its conservative government, with Mississippian Jefferson Davis as president, sought a peaceful separation, but the United States refused to acquiesce in the secession. The war that ensued started at Fort Sumter , South Carolina , on April 12, 1861, and lasted four years. It cost the South nearly 500,000 men killed or wounded out of a population of 9 million (including 3 million slaves) and $5 billion in treasure. Did You Know? On July 15, 1870, Georgia became the last former Confederate state to be restored to the Union, more than five years after the Civil War's end. The Confederacy’s eastern military fortunes went well for the first two years, with major victories at First Manassas (Bull Run), ‘Stonewall’ Jackson’s Valley Campaign, and the Seven Days’ Battles, where Gen. Robert E. Lee took command of the main eastern army in June 1862 and cleared Virginia of federal troops by September. His invasion of Maryland was checked at Sharpsburg (Antietam) in mid-September, and he returned to Virginia, where he badly defeated federal forces at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. The main western Confederate forces-commanded by Generals Albert Sidney Johnston , P. G. T. Beauregard, and Braxton Bragg-suffered defeats at Forts Henry and Donelson and Shiloh in Tennessee , and at Corinth, Mississippi , but they held that flank through 1862. Davis formed his government at the first Confederate capital in Montgomery, Alabama . The Confederacy’s Permanent Constitution provided for presidential item veto, debating seats for cabinet members, and six-year terms for the president and vice president (the president was ineligible for successive terms); it prohibited the foreign slave trade and forbade Congress from levying a protective tariff, giving bounties, or making appropriations for internal improvements. After initial problems, Davis’s government grew stronger as he learned to use executive power to consolidate control of the armed forces and manpower distribution. But some Southern governors resisted Davis’s centralization and tried to keep their men and resources at home. Although Davis used authority effectively, the insistence on preserving states’ rights plagued him constantly. Vice President Alexander H. Stephens , an early dissident, for example, sulked in his native Georgia and finally urged its secession from the Confederacy. But nothing gave the government more trouble than its poverty. There was only $27 million worth of specie in the Confederacy, and money remained scarce. A federal blockade gradually shrank Southern foreign trade and drained financial reserves. Christopher G. Memminger, treasury secretary, followed conservative policies. A campaign to raise funds through a domestic loan in February 1861 lagged; a $50 million loan drive launched in May did little better. Finally Congress resorted to a ‘produce loan,’ which allowed planters to pledge produce as security for bonds. Although initially popular, this expedient also failed. The next	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,193	In Greek mythology, what was left in Pandora's box after the evils, ills, diseases, and burdensome labour had escaped?	THE PANDORA'S BOX THE PANDORA'S BOX WELCOME to my blog :))). I hope you would like this blog.This blog is all about the summary and reflection on the greek mythology!!! =D Linggo, Agosto 14, 2011 Introduction :) Pandora's box is an artifact in Greek mythology, taken from the myth of Pandora's creation around line 60 of Hesiod's Works and Days. The "box" was actually a large jar (πιθος pithos) given to Pandora ("all-gifted"), which contained all the evils of the world. When Pandora opened the jar, all its contents except for one item were released into the world. The one remaining item was Hope. Today, opening Pandora's box means to create evil that cannot be undone. Ipinaskil ni Who is Pandora in Greek mythology? PANDORA was the very first woman who was formed out of clay by the gods. The Titan Prometheus had originally been assigned with the task of creating man. But because he was displeased with their lot, stole fire from heaven. Zeus was angered, and commanded Hephaistos and the other gods to create a woman Ipinaskil ni SUMMARY OF PANDORA'S BOX After Prometheus' theft of the secret of fire, Zeus ordered Hephaestus to create the woman Pandora as part of the punishment for mankind. Pandora was given many seductive gifts from Aphrodite, Hermes, Hera, Charites, and Horae (according to Works and Days). For fear of additional reprisals, Prometheus warned his brother Epimetheus not to accept any gifts from Zeus, but Epimetheus did not listen, and married Pandora. Pandora had been given a large jar and instruction by Zeus to keep it closed, but she had also been given the gift of curiosity, and ultimately opened it. When she opened it, all of the evils, ills, diseases, and burdensome labor that mankind had not known previously, escaped from the jar, but it is said, that at the very bottom of her box, there lay hope.There is no reason to think Pandora acted out of malice in opening the jar, for she was exercising her curiosity, and also when she saw what was left out of it, she quickly closed it. Ipinaskil ni	Myth of Leto, the mother of Apollo and Artemis - Greeka.com Discover the myth of Leto, mother of Apollo and Artemis Her relationship with Zeus Leto was the daughter of Titans Croesus and Phoebe. She had some supernatural powers herself but only a few, compared to the Olympian Gods. Leto is mostly famous because of her relationship with Zeus, which resulted in giving birth to two divine children, who would later be considered amongst the twelve Olympian gods, Artemis and Apollo. Everything started when Hera found out that Leto was pregnant by her husband, Zeus. Furious and ashamed of this betrayal from Zeus, she cursed Leto not to find a solid ground or island on Earth to give birth to her children. Leto, in labor and great pain, had wandered around all Greece to find a place to give birth but people didn't let her bear her children close to their homes, afraid of Hera's anger. That is when Zeus emerged an island from the sea so that Leto would find a refugee. This island was Delos, which was believed to be a floating island. One version of the myth says that Delos was uninhabited while another says that at first, the inhabitants of Delos didn't want Leto on their land, until she made them a great gift: she anchored Delos on the bottom of the Aegean Sea with four anchors to give the island stability. Giving birth to two gods Leto found a safe refugee to give birth on Delos, which was surrounded by swans. The delivery of Artemis was painless but the birth of Apollo lasted for nine whole days and nights because Hera had kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, preventing Leto from having an easy and painless labor. It is said that, with the absence of Eileithyia, Artemis was the one to help her mother deliver her twin brother, Apollo. The delivery took place under a palm tree. Indeed, there is a palm tree today on Delos the ancient Greeks planted to commemorate the birth of the god. Homer mentions that all gods and goddess, except for Hera, were present at the delivery of Apollo to establish from the first moment the authenticity of a child who was later to become an Olympian god. Therefore, that is how Delos later became the sacred place of Apollo. Wandering around the world However, this wasn't the end of Leto's woes. She and her children were constantly harassed by earth-born creatures sent by Hera. Tityus, an earth-born giant, tried to abduct Leto but his advances were repelled by Apollo, who slew him with his arrows. Python, a giant serpent guarding the oracle of Delphi , was also slain by Apollo because he had raped Leto while she was still pregnant with the twins. According to another story, while Leto was passing through Lycia, she felt thirsty and tried to drink from a well. The peasants however, stirred up mud and made the water undrinkable for her and her children. In anger for the unfairness towards her children, Leto turned them all into frogs. The central fountain in the terrace garden of Versailles depicts this scene. The incident with Niobe Other sources say that after many years of wandering and when her children went to their father on Olympus to live as gods, Leto finally settled in Thebes to spend the rest of her life. There, Niobe, the arrogant queen of the city, once said that she was superior to Leto, because Niobe had given birth to fourteen children, seven male and seven female, instead of two. Leto and her divine children were so insulted when they found out about this, that Apollo and Artemis took revenge, killing all fourteen of Niobe's children. When Niobe discovered what had happened, she burst in great grief. She then asked Zeus to show mercy of her and turn her into a stone, so that she wouldn’t hurt. Indeed, Zeus turned her into a pillar of stone but people said that when they were passing by this pillar, they could see it weep tears. The goddess of motherhood The cult of Leto was wide-spread all over Greece and Asia Minor for being the mother of two Gods. She was usually honoured and depicted in combination with her children. The origin of her name is not known. Some say that it mea	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,194	Who in 1962 became the first Prime Minister of a fully independent Uganda?	Uganda : History \| The Commonwealth The Commonwealth Uganda : History History Uganda has a long history, but few records of early settlement, although the country seems to have been inhabited very early. Bantu peoples were engaged in agriculture from 1000 BCE and working in iron can be traced back to about CE 1000. In the fertile south and west, powerful social and political orders developed, including the Bunyoro, Buganda, Busoga, Ankole and Toro kingdoms. In the 17th and 18th centuries, they formed profitable links with the Sudanese slave trade (which dominated the regional economy) and formed alliances among themselves. By the 19th century, the Buganda Kingdom, which was allied to the powerful Shirazis of Zanzibar, gained the ascendancy. Buganda was ruled by Kabaka (traditional kings) whose power was circumscribed by a council of nobles. Buganda’s standing army and well-developed agriculture allowed the kingdom to survive the decline of the slave trade. Various Europeans appeared during the 19th century. English Protestant and French Catholic missionaries came at the request of Kabaka Mutesa I, and Baganda loyalties split into ‘Franza’, ‘Inglesa’ and Muslim parties. In 1888 the Imperial British East Africa Company set up in Buganda with the Kabaka’s permission, and in 1894 Buganda was declared a British Protectorate. In 1896, protectorate control was extended to Bunyoro, Ankole and Toro, and the British extended Buganda’s administrative system to these societies. Cotton- growing for export, by smallholders, began in 1904. Although control of the country passed to the British Colonial Office in 1905, Uganda was never fully colonised, as non-Africans were not allowed to acquire freeholds. By 1913, with the completion of the Busoga Railway the cotton industry was well established, though it suffered from World War I and the Great Depression of 1932–33. In the 1920s, commercial production of coffee and sugar began. After World War II, high prices of coffee and cotton brought an economic boom. The gradual transfer of power to the local people began in 1921, when a legislative and an executive council were set up. By 1955, half the membership of the legislative council were Africans, a party political system was developing and the executive council was developed into a ministerial system. In 1961 a general election returned Benedicto Kiwanuka’s Democratic Party. In 1962 Uganda became internally self-governing, with Kiwanuka as first Prime Minister. However, the general election of April 1962 returned Milton Obote’s Uganda People’s Congress (UPC). Uganda became fully independent in October 1962 and joined the Commonwealth. The Kabaka of Buganda, Sir Edward Mutesa (Kabaka Mutesa II), became the first (non-executive) President in 1963. Milton Obote abrogated the 1962 constitution in 1966 and in 1967 the country became a unitary republic. The kingdoms were abolished and the President became head of the executive as well as head of state. (The kingdoms were restored in 1993, and the 1995 constitution has a provision on traditional leaders.) Obote remained in power until January 1971, when a military coup was staged by former paratroop sergeant Idi Amin Dada. At first very popular, Amin moved quickly into a brutal authoritarianism. Under his orders, the authorities expelled Uganda’s Asian community in 1972 and seized their property; they expropriated the property of the Jewish community, and terrorised intellectuals, destroying such symbols of ‘intellectual’ status as possession of books, spectacles and chess sets. Public order rapidly deteriorated, and murder, destruction of property, looting and rape became hallmarks of the regime. Amin declared himself President-for-life and, in 1978, invaded the United Republic of Tanzania’s northern territories. Tanzania, which had long opposed Amin’s regime, took this for a declaration of war. Supported by the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF, exiled Ugandans), the United Republic of Tanzania army marched into Uganda. Kampala was taken in April 1979, but Amin escaped and fled the coun	The secretaries general - The Secretary-General - system, future, policy, Trygve Lie The Secretary-General The Secretary-General - The secretaries general The first secretary-general, Trygve Lie of Norway, was appointed for a five-year term on 1 February 1946. On 1 November 1950, he was reappointed for three years. He resigned on 10 November 1952 and was succeeded by Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden on 10 April 1953. On 26 September 1957, Hammarskjöld was appointed for a further five-year term beginning on 10 April 1958. After Hammarskjöld's death in a plane crash in Africa on 17 September 1961, U Thant of Burma was appointed secretary-general on 3 November 1961, to complete the unexpired term. In November 1962, U Thant was appointed secretary-general for a five-year term beginning with his assumption of office on 3 November 1961. On 2 December 1966, his mandate was unanimously renewed for another five years. At the end of his second term, U Thant declined to be considered for a third. In December 1971, the General Assembly appointed Kurt Waldheim of Austria for a five-year term beginning on 1 January 1972. In December 1976, Waldheim was reappointed for a second five-year term, which ended on 31 December 1981. He was succeeded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru, who was appointed by the Assembly in December 1981 for a five-year term beginning on 1 January 1982. He was reappointed for a second five-year term beginning on 1 January 1987. In late 1991, Pérez de Cuéllar expressed his wish not to be considered for a third term. On 3 December 1991, the General Assembly appointed Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt to a five-year term beginning on 1 January 1992. On 17 December 1996, Kofi Annan of Ghana was appointed to a five-year term that began on 1 January 1997. Trygve Lie Born in Oslo, Norway, 1896; died in Geilo, Norway, 30 December 1968. Law degree from Oslo University. Active in his country's trade union movement from the age of 15, when he joined the Norwegian Trade Union Youth Organization. At 23, became assistant to the secretary of the Norwegian Labor Party. Legal adviser to the Norwegian Trade Union Federation (1922–35). Elected to the Norwegian Parliament (1935). Minister of justice (1935–39). Minister of trade, industry, shipping, and fishing (1939–40). After the German occupation of Norway in 1940 and until the liberation of Norway in 1945, he was, successively, acting foreign minister and foreign minister of the Norwegian government in exile in London. A prominent anti-Nazi, he rendered many services in the Allied cause during World War II. For example, he was instrumental in preventing the Norwegian merchant marine, one of the world's largest, from falling into German hands. Reelected to Parliament in 1945. Headed the Norwegian delegation to the San Francisco Conference. Secretary-General, 1946–1952. Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld Born in Jönkönpirg, Sweden, 1905; died in a plane accident while on a peace mission near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Democratic Republic of the Congo), 17 September 1961. Studied at Uppsala and Stockholm universities; Ph.D., Stockholm, 1934. Secretary of Commission on Unemployment (1930–34). Assistant professor of political economy, Stockholm University (1933). Secretary of the Sveriges Riksbank (Bank of Sweden, 1935–36); chairman of the board (1941–45). Undersecretary of state in the Swedish ministry of finance (1936–45). Envoy extraordinary and financial adviser to the ministry of foreign affairs (1946–49). Undersecretary of state (1949). Deputy foreign minister (1951–53). Delegate to the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC; 1948–53). Vice-chairman of the Executive Comm	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,195	Which ‘A’ is a bright blue colour, often associated with a clear, unclouded sky?	Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary Bluer - definition of bluer by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bluer (blo͞o) n. 1. The hue of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers; any of a group of colors that may vary in lightness and saturation, whose hue is that of a clear daytime sky; one of the additive or light primaries; one of the psychological primary hues. 2. a. A pigment or dye imparting this hue. b. Bluing. a. An object having this hue. b. Dress or clothing of this hue: The ushers wore blue. 4. a. A person who wears a blue uniform. b. blues A dress blue uniform, especially that of the US Army. 5. often Blue a. A member of the Union Army in the Civil War. b. The Union Army. 7. Any of various small blue butterflies of the family Lycaenidae. 8. adj. blu·er, blu·est 1. Of the color blue. 2. Bluish or having parts that are blue or bluish, as the blue spruce and the blue whale. 3. Having a gray or purplish color, as from cold or contusion. 4. Wearing blue. 5. Being a trail, as for skiing, marked with a sign having a blue square, indicating an intermediate level of difficulty. 6. Relating to or being a blue state. 7. a. Gloomy; depressed. See Synonyms at depressed . b. Dismal; dreary: a blue day. 8. Puritanical; strict. 10. Indecent; risqué: a blue joke; a blue movie. tr. & intr.v. blued, blu·ing, blues To make or become blue. Idioms: blue in the face At the point of extreme exasperation: I argued with them until I was blue in the face. into the blue At a far distance; into the unknown: spontaneously take a trip into the blue. out of the blue 1. From an unexpected or unforeseen source: criticism that came out of the blue. 2. At a completely unexpected time: a long-unseen friend who appeared out of the blue. [Middle English blue, bleu, from Old French bleu, of Germanic origin; see bhel-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] blue′ly adv. (bluː) n 1. (Colours) any of a group of colours, such as that of a clear unclouded sky, that have wavelengths in the range 490–445 nanometres. Blue is the complementary colour of yellow and with red and green forms a set of primary colours. 2. (Dyeing) a dye or pigment of any of these colours 3. (Textiles) blue cloth or clothing: dressed in blue. 4. (Education) a. a sportsperson who represents or has represented Oxford or Cambridge University and has the right to wear the university colour (dark blue for Oxford, light blue for Cambridge): an Oxford blue. b. the honour of so representing one's university 5. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) Brit an informal name for Tory 6. (Animals) any of numerous small blue-winged butterflies of the genera Lampides, Polyommatus, etc: family Lycaenidae 7. archaic short for bluestocking 8. slang a policeman 9. (Archery) archery a blue ring on a target, between the red and the black, scoring five points 10. (Billiards & Snooker) a blue ball in snooker, etc 11. (Dyeing) another name for blueing 12. slang Austral and NZ an argument or fight: he had a blue with a taxi driver. 13. (Law) slang Also: bluey Austral and NZ a court summons, esp for a traffic offence 14. informal Austral and NZ a mistake; error 15. out of the blue apparently from nowhere; unexpectedly: the opportunity came out of the blue. 16. into the blue into the unknown or the far distance adj, bluer or bluest 17. (Colours) of the colour blue 18. (of the flesh) having a purple tinge, as from cold or contusion 19. depressed, moody, or unhappy 20. dismal or depressing: a blue day. 21. indecent, titillating, or pornographic: blue films. 22. (Animals) bluish in colour or having parts or marks that are bluish: a blue fox; a blue whale. 23. rare aristocratic; noble; patrician: a blue family. See blue blood 24. US relating to, supporting, or representing the Democratic Party. Compare red 118 vb, blues, blueing, bluing or blued 25. to make, dye, or become blue 26. (Dyeing) (tr) to treat (laundry) with blueing 27. (tr) slang to spend extr	Car Company Logos Car Company Logos By Mary Gormandy White In addition to being an essential part of advertising and brand identity, car company logos provide a powerful visual image for auto consumers. Each automobile manufacturer has a unique logo, many of which have changed dramatically over the years. In some cases, these logos are tied to the company's history in surprising ways. List of Car Company Logos Abarth Now Fiat's racing arm, Abarth's logo is rich with meaning. The scorpion represents the Zodiac sign of company founder Karl Alberto Abarth, and the shield is a symbol of passion and triumph. The colors beneath the name represent the Italian flag. Acura Honda's luxury brand features a logo that looks like a stylized letter "A" inside a circle. The symbol also represents the caliper, an important precision engineering tool. Aixam Now Aixam Mega, the logo for this French microcar manufacturer is simple and elegant, spelling out the company's original name and calling out the first letter with a bold "A" (or "M" in some cases) inside a circular graphic. Alfa Romeo This Italian exotic car brand has a complicated, circular logo featuring a red cross and a green snake with a dragon's head. These symbols represent the city of Milan, where the company was founded. Aston Martin The British luxury car brand has an iconic logo of a pair of wings with the company name. A version of this logo has graced Aston Martin cars since the 1920s. Audi This German automaker's four interlocking rings represent this history of the company as it started out as four smaller companies. Bajoun Bajoun is a General Motors brand made and sold only in China. The name means "treasured horse" - and that's exactly what the logo depicts. Bentley The British exotic car manufacturer features a winged logo with a letter "B" in the center. The wings in this logo call up the company's aerospace roots. BMW BMW's blue and white checkerboard pattern represents an airplane propeller, since BMW was originally an airplane manufacturer. The logo's colors and checks are from the Bavarian flag, where the company was founded. Buick This American car brand features a logo with three shields inside a circle. The idea for the shield came from the Buick family crest. Cadillac Cadillac has had many logos over the years. This current version features two stalks of wheat with a shield in the center. Chevrolet One of the most iconic American car logos, the symbol for Chevrolet is a simple angled cross with a longer horizontal line. The design is referred to as the Chevrolet bowtie. Chrysler There are several versions of the Chrysler logo, but the most recognizable is a pentagon with a star in the center, referred to as the Chrysler Pentastar. The current version is sleeker and simpler, suggesting wings. Citroen The double chevrons in Citroen's logo represent the Helical Gear, a Citroen invention that is used in every modern automobile. They also represent the company's commitment to technical innovation. Dacia This Romanian car brand has been part of Renault since 1999.The company is bold and simple, highlighting the company name in a shade of blue representative of one of the colors of the Romanian flag, on a bold, silver-tone graphic. Daewoo The modern logo of this Korean General Motors brand still bears the crown-shaped emblem from the company's early days. The shape is similar to that of a now defunct, but once popular, football club in South Korea. Daimler The Daimler logo is simple and elegant, conveying the same sense of understated luxury that this German car manufacturer is known for around the world. Datsun The Datsun brand is exclusive to Japan and emerging markets like India. The logo places the brand front and center, superimposed over a striking chrome and blue graphic. Denza As the first Chinese car brand dedicated to new energy vehicles, Denza's logo represents the company's values of responsibility to nature and society Dodge The logo for this American brand features is the manufacturer's name in simple block lettering. The two red stripes represent sp	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,196	Edward VI, who ruled from 1547-1553 was the son of Henry VIII by which wife?	BBC - History - Edward VI z Edward VI © Edward was king of England for only a few years, and died at 15, but his short reign saw the full-scale introduction of Protestantism. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace, the only legitimate son of Henry VIII. Henry's desperation for a son had led him to divorce two wives, but Edward's mother, Henry's third wife Jane Seymour, died a few days after his birth. Edward was given a rigorous education and was intellectually precocious, although his health was never strong. Edward became king at the age of nine, when his father died in January 1547. His father had arranged that a council of regency should rule on his behalf, but Edward's uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, took power and established himself as protector. Somerset and the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, were intent on making England a truly Protestant state, supported by the young king. An English Prayer Book was issued in 1549 with an Act of Uniformity to enforce it. In the summer of 1549, peasants in the West Country revolted in protest against the Prayer Book. Kett's Rebellion in Norfolk was focused on economic and social injustices. At the same time, the French declared war on England. The Norfolk rebellion was suppressed by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. In the atmosphere of uncertainty, Dudley exploited his success by bringing about the downfall of Somerset, who was arrested and later executed. Although Dudley, later duke of Northumberland, never took the title of protector, this is the role he now assumed. Protestant reform was stepped up - the new Prayer Book of 1552 was avowedly Protestant. Altars were turned into tables, religious imagery destroyed and religious orthodoxy was enforced by a new and more stringent Act of Uniformity. It soon became clear that Edward was suffering from tuberculosis and would not live long. Northumberland was determined that his religious reforms should not be undone, so he persuaded Edward to approve a new order of succession. This declared Mary illegitimate and passed the throne to Northumberland's daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, who was a more distant descendant of Henry VIII. Edward died on 6 July 1553. However, Jane was only queen for a few days until, with overwhelming popular support, Mary took the throne.	Catherine Howard - Henry VIII's Scandalous Fifth Wife Catherine Howard Fifth Queen of King Henry VIII of England Katherine Howard. The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images Updated July 29, 2016. About Catherine Howard: Known for: short-lived marriage to Henry VIII: she was his fifth wife, and was beheaded for adultery and unchastity after less than two years of marriage Occupation: fifth queen consort to King Henry VIII of England ; previously, lady in waiting to Anne of Cleves Dates: about 1524? - February 13, 1542 (estimates of her birth year range from 1518 to 1524) Also known as: Catharine, Katherine, Katharine, Kathryn, Katheryn Background, Family: Mother: Joyce (Jocasta) Culpeper Legh, daughter of Sir Richard Culpeper (second marriage; her first to Ralph Legh) Father: Lord Edmund Howard, younger son of Thomas Howard, second Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Tilney Siblings: both her parents were remarried. She had about five full siblings. Of her mother's children, Katherine had nine siblings and was the fourth child. Elizabeth Cheney was her great-grandmother; other great-granddaughters of Elizabeth Cheney included Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour , the second and third wives of Henry VIII continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World Catherine Howard was a first cousin of Anne Boleyn, whose mother (Elizabeth Howard, married to Thomas Boleyn) was the sister of Catherine's father Marriage, Children: husband: Henry VIII (married July 28, 1540) children: none Education: Agnes Tilney, stepmother of Catherine's father, was in charge of Catherine's upbringing and education from 1531 More About Catherine Howard: Catherine's father, Lord Edmund Howard, was a younger son, and with nine children and no right to inheritance under primogeniture, he depended on the generosity of wealthier and more powerful relatives. In 1531, through the influence of his niece, Anne Boleyn, Edmund Howard obtained a position as comptroller for Henry VIII in Calais. When her father went to Calais, Catherine Howard was sent to the home of Agnes Tilney, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, her father's stepmother. Catherine was one of many young nobles sent to live under Agnes Tilney's supervision -- and that supervision was notably loose. Youthful Indiscretions: About 1536, while living with Agnes Tilney, Catherine Howard had a sexual relationship -- one that did not get consummated -- with a music tutor, Henry Manox (Mannox or Mannock). Agnes Tilney reportedly struck Catherine when she caught her with Manox. Henry Manox was replaced in young Catherine's affections by Frances Dereham, a secretary. Katherine Howard shared a bed at the Tilney home with Katherine Tilney, and the two Katherines were visited a few times in their bedchamber by Dereham and by Edward Malgrave, a cousin of Henry Manox, Katherine Howard's former love. Katherine and Dereham apparently did consummate their relationship, reportedly calling each other "husband" and "wife" and promising marriage -- what to the church amounted to a contract of marriage. Henry Manox heard gossip of the relationship, and reported it to Agnes Tilney, who ended the relationship. Catherine Howard at Court: Catherine was then sent to court to serve as a lady in waiting to Henry VIII's newest (fourth) queen, Anne of Cleves , soon to arrive in England. This assignment was probably arranged by her uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and one of Henry's advisors. Anne of Cleves arrived in England in December of 1539, and Henry may have first seen Catherine Howard at that event. At court, Catherine drew the king's attention, as he was quite quickly unhappy in his new marriage. Henry started courting Catherine, and by May was publicly giving her gifts. Anne complained of this attraction to the ambassador from her homeland. Marriage Number Five: Henry had his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled on July 9, 1540. Henry married Catherine Howard on July 28, generously bestowing jewelry and other expensive gifts on his much-younger and very attractive bride. On their wedding day, Thomas Cromw	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,197	"Whose last words were, ""I've had eighteen straight whiskies. I think that's the record.""?"	I've Had Eighteen Straight Whiskies, I Think That's The Record. I've Had Eighteen Straight Whiskies, I Think That's The Record. "I've had eighteen straight whiskies, I think that's the record." --Dylan Thomas, poet, 1914-1953 I suppose that I shouldn't be surprised that they've managed to produce an even worse keyboard than any that they previously had on the market.... Copyright © 1999-2017 Ahmad Anvari. All Rights Reserved.	1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? - Liverpool Echo News 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? 3. For which series of films were the actors Kenneth Williams and Sid James best known? 4. What is the name given to the largest bee in a hive? 5. Which alternative word for the Devil is a Hebrew word with translates as “Lord Of The Flies”? 6. On which TV island might you have found actor Ricardo Montalban? 7. Mozart’s opera, which was a continuation of The Barber Of Seville, was called The Marriage Of . . . who? 8. What is the nearest planet to the Sun? 9. What was the name of the road sweeper played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools And Horses? 10. What connects the answers above? 11. What was the nickname of the first Spice Girl to go solo? 12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay? 13. Which two actors were nominated for best actor awards at the Oscars in 1991, both for playing wheelchair-bound characters? 14. How is Eldrick Woods better known? 15. Who did Iain Duncan Smith beat in September, 2001, to become the leader of the Conservative Party? 16. Who was the main villain in the cartoon Wacky Races? 17. When the band Hear‘say formed, who was the oldest member at 24? 18. What is the name of the third book of the Bible? 19. What was advertised with Eva Herzagovia using the slogan “hello boys”? 20. Which model gave birth to her daughter, Lola, in September, 2002? 21. “All children, except one, grow up” is the opening line from which famous story? 22. How are Fizz, Milo, Jake and Bella better known collectively? 23. What number on the Beaufort Scale represents a hurricane? 24. In which film did Jodie Foster play a character called Tallulah? 25. What is pathophobia the fear of? 26. What was the title of the TV show Bonanza changed to? 27. What mountain range is the natural habitat of the llama? 28. What nationality was scientist Marie Curie? 29. Who played the title role in the TV series Worzel Gummidge? 30. Which toy was originally called the Pluto Platter when it was first introduced in 1957? 1. Mama Mia; 2. Galileo; 3. Carry On; 4. Queen; 5. Beelzebub; 6. Fantasy; 7. Figaro; 8. Mercury; 9. Trigger; 10. The song Bohemian Rhapsody; 11. Ginger Spice; 12. 400m; 13. Tom Cruise (for Born On The Fourth Of July) and Daniel Day-Lewis (for My Left Foot); 14. Tiger Woods; 15. Ken Clarke; 16. Dick Dastardly; 17. Kym Marsh; 18. Leviticus; 19. The Wonderbra; 20. Kate Moss; 21. Peter Pan; 22. The Tweenies; 23. 12; 24. Bugsy Malone; 25. Illness; 26. Ponderosa; 27. Andes; 28. Polish; 29. Jon Pertwee; 30. Frisbee Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,198	Prior to Virginia Wade in 1977, who was the previous British winner of a Grand Slam tennis singles tournament?	Virginia Wade \| Tennis Grandstand 40 Years Ago In Tennis – Bud Collins Summarizes The Epic Year Published July 31, 2009 \| By Walker The second year of Open tennis was one of continued progress but lingering confusion on the political front—and towering on-court performances by Margaret Smith Court and most notably Rod Laver, who netted an unprecedented second Grand Slam. There were 30 open tournaments around the world and prize money escalated to about $1.3 million. Laver was the leading money winner with $124,000, followed by Tony Roche ($75,045), Tom Okker ($65,451), Roy Emerson ($62,629) and John Newcombe ($52,610). The Davis Cup and other international team competitions continued to be governed by reactionaries, however, and admitted only players under the jurisdiction of their national associations. This left “contract pros”—who were paid guarantees and obligated by contract to adhere to the schedule set by independent promoters—on the outs, while players who accepted prize money but remained under the aegis of their national associations were allowed to play. At the end of the year, a proposal to end this silly double standard and include the contract pros was rejected by the Davis Cup nations in a 21-19 vote. The “registered player” concept, borne of compromise a year earlier, persisted until finally being abolished by a newly-elected and more forward-looking International Lawn Tennis Federation Committee of Management in July. Still, the public found it difficult to understand who was and who was not a pro. In the United States, those who took prize money but remained under the authority of the U.S. Lawn Tennis Association were officially called “players.” Under the leadership of Captain Donald Dell, the members of the U.S. Davis Cup team preferred to call themselves “independent pros,” making it clear that they were competing for prize money. The USLTA leadership would have preferred to keep the U.S. tournament circuit amateur, paying expenses only, except for five open events given ILTF sanction (Philadelphia Indoor, Madison Square Garden, the U.S. Open, Pacific Southwest, Howard Hughes Invitational in Las Vegas). This would have kept down spiraling overhead costs, a threat to the exclusive clubs, which resisted sponsorship but did not want to lose their traditional events. Dell and the Davis Cup team refused to play in tournaments that offered expenses and guarantees instead of prize money, however, and thus effectively forced a full prize-money circuit into being in the United States. Dell led the way by organizing the $25,000 Washington Star International in his hometown. It was a prototype tournament in many ways, commercially sponsored and played in a public park for over-the-table prize money rather than under-thetable appearance fees. Other tournaments followed suit, and a new and successful U.S. Summer Circuit began to emerge. In all, 15 U.S. tournaments offered $440,000 in prize money, with the $137,000 U.S. Open again the world’s richest event. In 1968, there had been only two prize-money open tournaments in the U.S., the $100,000 U.S. Open and the $30,000 Pacific Southwest. A few peculiar hybrid events—half-amateur, half professional—-remained. The most obviously unnecessary was the $25,000 National Singles and Doubles at Longwood Cricket Club, which welcomed amateurs and independent pros but excluded the contract pros. Stan Smith beat Bob Lutz 9-7, 6-3, 6-0, and Court prevailed over Virginia Wade 4-6, 6-3, 6-0, for the singles titles, but the grandly named tournament was essentially meaningless, except to those cashing checks, and vanished from the scene the next year in a natural sorting-out process. A U.S. Amateur Championships also was played on clay in Rochester, the telecast of which was interrupted by a sexist act that wouldn’t even be contemplated today. Linda Tuero of Metairie, La., and Gwyneth Thomas of Cleveland, hyper-patient, unrepentant baseliners, were contesting the women’s final with endless rallies, one point lasting 10-1/2 minutes and 326 strokes. It was too much for referee Ernie	Britain's Magnificent 7 "Major" Winning Golfers \| Bleacher Report Britain's Magnificent 7 "Major" Winning Golfers Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Stuart Franklin/Getty Images 3 Comments Despite almost dominating the world rankings for the past 12 months, British golfers have only just resumed their assaults on the Major Championships, and it is those currently from Northern Ireland who are leading the charge. However, it hasn't always been so prosperous for British golf as it is recently. Only seven British golfers have managed to win a Major in the past 30 years, three coming in the last 12 months, and of those seven, only Nick Faldo and Sandy Lyle managed to win more than one Major. The future for British golf is bright, and there is plenty of time for the likes of Graeme McDowell and particularly Rory McIlroy to add more Majors to the ones they have already won. There also remains a number of current British golfers who have the potential to join the list of Major winners in 2012 and beyond. Here we look at the last seven British Major winners. Sir Nick Faldo, England Stuart Franklin/Getty Images Faldo is Britain’s first golfing knight, awarded for his prodigious wins in six Major tournaments. The first of those came in 1987 when he scooped the Open Championship with a victory at Muirfield. Two years later he emulated his long-standing rival, Sandy Lyle, to win the US Masters, which he won again 12 months later in 1990. That year also saw him win a second British Open, this time at St. Andrews with a then-record low score. He won a third Open Championship with a second victory at Muirfield in 1992. His final Major victory came in 1996 in that infamous final round of the Masters title where he came from nowhere to grasp victory from the hands of Greg Norman. Rory McIlroy, Northern Ireland Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images Rory McIlroy followed his great pal, Graeme McDowell, by claiming the 2011 US Open with a record-breaking performance that had to be seen to be believed. His score of 268 (16 under par) was just one of several new records for the tournament. The win came just a few weeks after his heartbreaking last round in the Masters, which saw him finish in 15th place after going into the final round with a four-shot lead. There's no doubting McIlroy is one of the most exciting players in the sport right now, and at the age of 22 it would be amazing if he did not go on to win multiple Majors over the coming years. Other British Players Hoping to Join the List of Major Winners Jamie Squire/Getty Images British golf really has enjoyed a renaissance in the past couple of years, and it would be a surprise if one or more of these golfers didn't appear on the list of Major winners in 2012. A number of players are considered such contenders, including world No. 1 and No. 2, Luke Donald and Lee Westwood respectively, who have come close on numerous occasions but to no avail. It would be astounding if either didn't end that dry spell in the next couple of years. Ian Poulter, ranked 18th, and Paul Casey (19th) are also often in the hunt, as are Simon Dyson (28th) and Justin Rose (40th). Of course, with the element of surprise, other players could emerge over the next 12 months as well.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,199	When did homosexuality between consenting adults cease to be illegal in all of the United Kingdom?	History of sodomy laws Last edited: April 15, 2007 History of Sodomy Laws The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers , the definitive legal history of sodomy laws in the United States by George Painter. It puts everything else here to shame. Other history articles The proscription of sodomy in the English tradition began in 1533 when King Henry VIII adopted contemporary church doctrine into a system of laws at the time of the English withdrawal from the Catholic Church. Sodomy became both a sin and a crime, since ecclesiastical law recognizes no distinction between the concepts of "sin" and "crime." Sodomy included any form of non-procreative acts including masturbation, oral and anal sex. The original thirteen American colonies derived their laws from the English common law and continued the legal tradition in which sodomy carried the penalty of death. The 1683 Pennsylvania law called sodomy an "unnatural sin" and the East New Jersey law listed it among the "Offenses against God." Every state adopted some form of a sodomy law as it joined the United States, either in acceptance of an unwritten common law or in formal codification. A slow modernization of laws away from a religious doctrine into a secular system reduced penalties over time in a piece meal fashion. All states had laws against sodomy by 1960. The 1955 edition of the American Law Institutes model penal code omitted sodomy laws for the first time. In 1961, the Illinois legislature revised their criminal code without prohibiting sodomy. The law went into effect in 1962 without fanfare. Idaho was the second state to repeal its sodomy law through a general modernization of its laws. According to Dr. Franklin E. Kameny, the Advocate, then a gay newspaper, ran a headline celebrating the repeal. This came to the attention of Idaho state legislators who called an emergency session "into which they marched waving copies of the Advocate." The legislature repealed the just enacted modern criminal code. Connecticut was the next state to repeal its sodomy law in 1971 in a modernization of the penal code. Twenty-one other states followed suit. Gay activists had little or no involvement with most of these repeals. In fact, many of the states that repealed their laws are just beginning to form organizations that can lobby effectively for their rights. Exceptions that trend came from California, Minnesota, New York and DC. Gay Activists in these places began explicit gay rights campaigns to repeal their sodomy laws. California was the only one of these states to successfully repeal its law prior to 1980. Californias sodomy repeal effort began in 1969 with urging from Morris Kight, Rev. Troy Perry and others. The repeal bill was introduced to the California legislature starting in 1969 by Assemblyman Willie Brown, and every year afterwards until its passage in 1975. In 1975, the liberal Democratic state Senate Majority Leader, George Moscone running for Mayor of San Francisco twisted many arms for its passage. The Senate deadlocked on a 20-20 vote, Moscone locked the chamber doors, until Lieutenant Governor Merv Dymallyin could fly back from Denver and cast the tie-breaking vote. It was signed into law by Gov. Jerry Brown. Moscones efforts won the support of the large gay population of San Francisco and Moscone beat Diane Feinstein in the primary, and edged out city superintendent John Barbagelata to become the first liberal mayor of San Francisco. Moscone was later assassinated by former supervisor Dan White along with the first gay supervisor, Harvey Milk. Brown and Feinstein later became Mayors and Feinstein is currently a US Senator from California. In the late 1970s and early 1980s the growing strength and politicization of religious extremists significantly slowed the repeal efforts. The awaking of religious political extremists led to at least two states to enact specifically anti-gay sodomy laws at the same time as they otherwise modernized their criminal codes. Kentucky en	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th October – The Questions 12th October – The Questions Specialist questions set by Waters Green Rams. General knowledge questions set by Church House, Bollington. All vetted by Harrington Academicals. SPECIALIST ROUNDS- 1. SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE 2. SCIENCE 5. TIME FOR THE KIDS 6. POLITICS ROUND ONE - SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE – News stories of the summer 1. Which actor, born Bernard Schwartz in 1925, died in September 2010? TONY CURTIS 2. In June, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer Daniel Westling. Of which country is she a princess? SWEDEN 3. Which 74 year-old singing Dame received poor reviews when she appeared on a UK stage for the first time in 30 years at the London O2 in May? JULIE ANDREWS 4. What name was given to the tent city that was set up at the top of the San Jose pit shaft in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped? CAMP ESPERANZA (original Spanish name) or CAMP HOPE 5. Goodluck Jonathan became President of which country in May? NIGERIA 6. The Savile Enquiry finally delivered its findings on which event of 38 years ago? BLOODY SUNDAY (January 1972 in Derry) 7. Why was Mary Bale in the news in August? She was filmed on CCTV putting a CAT into a WHEELIE BIN in Coventry. 8. Which major New Zealand city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale? CHRISTCHURCH Supp 1 Which company, with its head-quarters in Windermere, was declared the UK’s best retailer by Which? Magazine? LAKELAND Supp 2 Why was Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida in the news in September? He planned to BURN copies of the KORAN outside his church. ROUND TWO – SCIENCE 1. Which scientist was born in Shrewsbury in 1809 and died at Down House in Kent in 1882? CHARLES DARWIN 2. Which acid was traditionally known as Oil Of Vitriol or Spirit Of Vitriol? SULPHURIC ACID 3. Which heavenly body has moons called Charon, Nix and Hydra? PLUTO 4. William was in prison in 1770, when he invented the toothbrush. What was his surname, still famous in that field today? ADDIS 5. Besides the elephant, which other African mammal is a source of ivory? HIPPOPOTAMUS 6. An amalgam is a compound containing which metal? MERCURY 7. What name is given to a triangle with sides of unequal length? SCALENE 8. What does a Campbell-Stokes Recorder Record? SUNSHINE (not temperature) Supp 1 Scientist William Harvey (born 1578) is famous for his research into what? THE BLOOD (circulation etc.) Supp 2 What is the more common name for triatomic oxygen? OZONE ROUND THREE – SPORT 1. Tony McCoy finally won his first Grand National in 2010 on his 15th ride in the race. Which horse did he ride? DON’T PUSH IT 2. Name either of the 2008 Ryder Cup captains. PAUL AZINGER or NICK FALDO 3. Which sport would you be taking part in if you used a monkey climber, waggler and a plumb? ANGLING / COARSE FISHING 4. Which county won the 2010 County Cricket Championship? NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 5. Which team won the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup? WARRINGTON WOLVES ( bt. Leeds Rhinos 30-6 in the final). Accept WARRINGTON. 6. Where will the final race in the 2010 Formula One Series be held? YAS MARINA circuit in ABU DHABI (accept either) 7. According to Wikipedia, which English football ground has the widest pitch and boasts the tallest floodlights? EASTLANDS (home of Manchester City) 8. Which football club holds the record for the fewest wins in a season in the Premier League? DERBY COUNTY – in 2007/8, their record was Played 38, Won 1, Drawn 8, Lost 29. Supp 1 How many times did Alex Higgins win the World Snooker Championship? TWO Supp 2 Which Rugby Union club has made their Premiership debut in the 2010/11 season? EXETER (Chiefs) ROUND FOUR – GEOGRAPHY 1. Which Irish port was known as Kingstown from 1821, after a visit by George IV, until 1921? DUN LAOGHAIRE (pronounced DUNLEARY) 2. Between 1947 and gaining independence in 1971, by what name was the present-day country of Bangladesh known? EAST PAKISTAN 3. Name an African country that, in its normal English spelling, contains the letter Q. MOZAMBIQUE or EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 4. The islands of Hokkaido a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,200	In what city was John F. Kennedy assassinated?	November 22, 1963: Death of the President - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum November 22, 1963: Death of the President November 22, 1963: Death of the President Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. By the fall of 1963, President John F. Kennedy and his political advisers were preparing for the next presidential campaign. Although he had not formally announced his candidacy, it was clear that President Kennedy was going to run and he seemed confident about his chances for re-election. At the end of September, the president traveled west, speaking in nine different states in less than a week. The trip was meant to put a spotlight on natural resources and conservation efforts. But JFK also used it to sound out themes—such as education, national security, and world peace—for his run in 1964. Campaigning in Texas A month later, the president addressed Democratic gatherings in Boston and Philadelphia. Then, on November 12, he held the first important political planning session for the upcoming election year. At the meeting, JFK stressed the importance of winning Florida and Texas and talked about his plans to visit both states in the next two weeks. Mrs. Kennedy would accompany him on the swing through Texas, which would be her first extended public appearance since the loss of their baby, Patrick, in August. On November 21, the president and first lady departed on Air Force One for the two-day, five-city tour of Texas. President Kennedy was aware that a feud among party leaders in Texas could jeopardize his chances of carrying the state in 1964, and one of his aims for the trip was to bring Democrats together. He also knew that a relatively small but vocal group of extremists was contributing to the political tensions in Texas and would likely make its presence felt—particularly in Dallas, where US Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson had been physically attacked a month earlier after making a speech there. Nonetheless, JFK seemed to relish the prospect of leaving Washington, getting out among the people and into the political fray. The first stop was San Antonio. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Governor John B. Connally, and Senator Ralph W. Yarborough led the welcoming party. They accompanied the president to Brooks Air Force Base for the dedication of the Aerospace Medical Health Center. Continuing on to Houston, he addressed a Latin American citizens' organization and spoke at a testimonial dinner for Congressman Albert Thomas before ending the day in Fort Worth. Morning in Fort Worth A light rain was falling on Friday morning, November 22, but a crowd of several thousand stood in the parking lot outside the Texas Hotel where the Kennedys had spent the night. A platform was set up and the president, wearing no protection against the weather, came out to make some brief remarks. "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth," he began, "and I appreciate your being here this morning. Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it." He went on to talk about the nation's need for being "second to none" in defense and in space, for continued growth in the economy and "the willingness of citizens of the United States to assume the burdens of leadership." The warmth of the audience response was palpable as the president reached out to shake hands amidst a sea of smiling faces. Back inside the hotel the president spoke at a breakfast of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, focusing on military preparedness. "We are still the keystone in the arch of freedom," he said. "We will continue to do…our duty, and the people of Texas will be in the lead." On to Dallas The presidential party left the hotel and went by motorcade to Carswell Air Force Base for the thirteen-minute flight to Dallas. Arriving at Love Field, President and Mrs. Kennedy disembarked and immediately walked toward a fence where a crowd of well-wishers had gathe	President John F. Kennedy Facts, Information, and Trivia Facts, information, and Trivia about President John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was the United States of Americaï¿½s thirty-fifth president. President John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts on May 29, 1917 and grew up to become Americaï¿½s thirty-fifth president. He was a sailor and writer before he became President of the United States at age 43. His place of primary affiliation was Massachusetts. John F. Kennedy became president on Friday, January 20, 1961 and left the office on Friday, November 22, 1963. President John F. Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party and his vice president was Lyndon B. Johnson. John F. Kennedy's nicknames include JFK, and Jack among friends. America's first Catholic president and the youngest ever elected to the job. He received the Pulitzer Prize for his book "Profiles in Courage.ï¿½ With his brother Robert as Attorney General, he gave more support to the civil rights movement than his predecessors, and he laid the groundwork for the Peace Corps and committed the U.S. to pursue the space race. The most traumatic event in his brief presidency was the Cuban Missile Crisis, when it was discovered that Cuba deployed Russian nuclear missiles that could hit targets in the United States. Kennedy resisted pressure from his generals to attack Cuba and decided to begin a blockade of Russian vessels on their way to Cuba. The world held its breath for several days when they were closer to nuclear war between the superpowers than ever before or since. President Kennedy is portrayed on U.S. coins. Other presidents portrayed on U.S. coins include President Franklin Roosevelt, President Washington, President Eisenhower, President Jefferson, and President Lincoln. President John F. Kennedy was killed on November 22, 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald. John F. Kennedy was 46 years old when he died. About this page: This page was created by Research Maniacs and may not be duplicated or copied. We hope you enjoy our sketch portrait of John F. Kennedy. This page also contains information, trivia and facts about John F. Kennedy. It has answers to questions like: How old was President John F. Kennedy when he became president? When was John F. Kennedy president? What did John F. Kennedy accomplish? What was John F. Kennedyï¿½s occupation before he became president? Where was John F. Kennedy born? What was John F. Kennedyï¿½s nickname? What political party did John F. Kennedy belong to? What was John F. Kennedyï¿½s place of primary affiliation?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,201	Which famous surrender took place on 15th February 1942?	1942 - Historical Events - On This Day On This Day Events 1 - 200 of 644 Jan 1 US & 25 other countries sign a united declaration against the Axis Jan 1 28th Rose Bowl: #12 Oregon State beats #2 Duke, 20-16 (played in North Carolina due to Japanese threat) Jan 1 8th Sugar Bowl: #6 Fordham beats #7 Missouri, 2-0 Jan 1 8th Orange Bowl: #14 Georgia beats TCU, 40-26 Jan 2 WWII: the 28 nations at war with Axis powers pledge to make no separate peace deals Jan 2 German troops in Bardia surrender Jan 2 Japanese troops occupy Manila Philippines Jan 2 The United States Navy opens a blimp base at Lakehurst, New Jersey. Jan 3 American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Command forms Jan 4 NFL Pro Bowl: Chicago Bears beats NFL All-Stars 35-24 Jan 4 Premier Churchill & General Marshall fly to Florida Jan 4 Rogers Hornsby is 14th player selected to the Hall of Fame Jan 5 55 German tanks reach North-Africa Jan 6 Bob Feller, enlists in Navy & reports for duty to Norfolk Virginia Jan 6 Pan American Airlines becomes the first commercial airline to schedule a flight around the world ("Pacific Clipper"). Jan 7 WW II siege of Bataan starts Jan 8 British Air Marshal Richard Peirse replaced as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command Boxing Title Fight Jan 9 Joe Louis KOs Buddy Baer in 1 for heavyweight boxing title Boxer and World Heavyweight Champion Jan 9 US Joint Chiefs of Staff created Jan 10 Japan invades North Celebes, Dutch East Indies Jan 11 -23°F (-31°C), Kingston, Rhode Island (state record) Jan 11 Japan conquers Kuala Lumpur, Malaya Jan 12 British troops reconquer Sollum Jan 12 Dutch troops on Tarakan surrender Jan 12 National War Labor Board created Jan 13 Allied Conference on war trials Jan 13 German U-boats begin harassing shipping on US east coast Event of Interest Jan 13 Henry Ford patents a method of constructing plastic auto bodies Ford Motor Company Founder Henry Ford Jan 13 Interallied war trial conference publishes St James Declaration Jan 13 World War II: First use of aircraft ejection seat by a German test pilot in a Heinkel He 280 jet fighter. Jan 14 Japanese troops land at oil center Balikpapan in Borneo Jan 15 Cubs drop plans to install lights at Wrigley due to WW II Event of Interest Jan 15 FDR asks commissioner to continue baseball during WW II 32nd US President Jan 16 William Knudsen becomes 1st civilian appointed a general in US army Jan 18 Nazis arrest Frans Goedhart & Wiardi Beckman Jan 19 Japanese forces invade Burma Jan 19 Titus Brandsma arrested by German occupiers Jan 20 Japanese invade Burma Jan 20 Nazi officials hold notorious Wannsee conference in Berlin to organise the "final solution", the extermination of Europe's Jews Jan 21 Bronx magistrate rules all pinball machines illegal Jan 21 Count Basie records "One O'Clock Jump" Jan 21 Tito's partisans occupy Foca Jan 22 Sietze de Groot wins 8th Dutch 11 city skate (8:44:06) Jan 23 Battle of Rabaul - Japanese attack Australian air base in Rabaul, New Britain Jan 23 Japanese troops occupy Rabaul New Britain Jan 23 Tank battle at Adzjedabia, Africa Korp vs British 8th army Jan 24 Musical "Star & Garter" premieres in NYC Event of Interest Jan 25 Lt General Rommels African corps reaches Msus German WWII Field Marshal Jan 26 1st US force in Europe during WW II go ashore in Northern Ireland Jan 26 Italian supreme command demands dismissal of German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel Jan 27 -19°F (-27.4°C), Netherland's coldest day since 1850 Jan 28 Soviet troops under General Timoshenko's troops move into Ukraine Jan 28 German troops occupy Benghazi Libya Jan 28 WW II Navy flier Don Mason sends message "Sighted sub sank same" Jan 29 1st broadcast of Roy Plomley's "Desert Island Discs" on BBC radio Jan 29 German & Italian troops occupy Benghazi, Libya Jan 29 Peru & Ecuador sign Protocol of Rio (boundary determiniation) Jan 30 Japanese troops land on Ambon Jan 31 62 U-boats sunk this month (327,000 ton) Feb 1 2nd Norwegian government of Quisling forms Feb 2 LA Times urges security measures against Japanese-Americans Feb 2 US auto factories switch from commercial to war pr	World War II Timeline - Remembering Pearl Harbor @ nationalgeographic.com Soviet-Finland war ends in Finlands surrender. Germany invades Norway and Denmark and will soon conquer both countries. Germany invades the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Germany conquers France. German troops occupy northern and western France. Pro-German French officials set up a capital in Vichy and run the rest of France under Germanys watchful eye. Italy, under fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, declares war on England and France. Using more than a thousand warships, yachts, fishing boats, and smaller craft at the battered port of Dunkirk, England evacuates more than 338,000 troops from conquered France. Battle of the Atlantic begins as German submarines, called U-boats, begin sinking ships carrying oil and other war supplies from America to England. The U-boats will sink three million tons of merchant cargo. Japanese troops begin to occupy the French colony of Indochina. The United States responds by cutting off oil exports to Japan. Hundreds of German warplanes begin bombing London every night for 57 nights in attacks that will continue until May 1941. More than 40,000 people will die in the Blitz as Londoners call the air raid campaign. Germany, Italy, and Japan sign a treaty (the Tripartite Pact) that makes the three countries allies against England and France. The treaty is also seen as a warning to the United States: Stop helping England and France. (The United States had traded 50 old destroyers to England in exchange for naval and air bases in the Western Hemisphere.) More than 400,000 Polish Jews are herded into a part of Warsaw known as the Warsaw Ghetto. This continues in Poland the Nazi campaign against the Jewsthe Holocaust, in which six million Jews will be killed, along with hundreds of thousands of other minorities. Italy invades Greece. German troops later come to the aid of Italian troops. Japanese Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto begins planning an air attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States begins Lend-Lease, allowing President Roosevelt to send ammunition and other war supplies to England. No longer a neutral nation, the United States now will give England all help short of war. Germany conquers Greece and Yugoslavia. More than three million German troops invade the Soviet Union. As German conquest of the Soviet Union continues, German troops besiege Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). During the siege, which will continue until January 1944, more than 500,000 people in Leningrad will die of starvation. Japanese Army and Navy officers say Japan should get ready for war against the United States. Gen. Hideki Tojo becomes prime minister in a military-controlled government. A German submarine torpedoes the U.S. Navy destroyer Reuben James in the North Atlantic. It is the first U.S. warship sunk in the European War. Only 45 of the ships 160 crew members survive. The United States tells Japan to get out of China and Indochina. Tojo decides that Japans only choice is to go to war. Japan sends diplomats to Washington to try to find ways to avoid war with the United States. Six Japanese aircraft carriers and other warships secretly leave northern Japan and head for Pearl Harbor. The United States cuts off all oil exports to Japan. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. Almost at the same time, Japanese warplanes attack the Philippines and two U.S. islands: Wake and Guam, which are later occupied. Japanese troops invade Malaya and Thailand and seize Shanghai. Later in December Japanese troops invade Burma and Hong Kong. Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. Manila, Philippines, falls to Japanese troops. Japanese carrier planes bomb Darwin, Australia. In the Battle of the Java Sea, Japan defeats an Allied strike force, putting Japan in control of Java and the Netherlands Indies. First U.S. troops arrive in Australia. On the Bataan Peninsula of the Philippines, U.S. and Filipino troops, low on food and ammunition, surrender. Japanese troops force about 76,000 prison	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,202	Which chess opening named for a Spanish monk consists of the following moves? 1. e4, e5 2. Nf3, Nc6 3. Bb5	Chess Glossary & Basics \| Master Chess Openings Chess Glossary & Basics History of Chess The origin of chess is not clear. Legends abound, attributing its invention to the Biblical King Solomon, or to the Greek God Hermes, or to the Chinese mandarin Hansing but it probably originated in India sometime around the 6th or 7th Century AD. From there the game crossed into Persia (now Iran), and then to Europe. The word chess is thought to be derived from ‘shah” the ‘Persian word for king, and the word checkmate from “shah mat”, meaning “The king is dead”. The first documented reference to chess in literature was made in a Persian romance written in about 600AD. In the Middle Ages, collections of chess problems appeared in written form. One of the earliest books on chess ever printed was published in England. Written by a Dominican friar, Jacopo Dacciesole, before the year 1200, it was translated into English as The Game and Playe of Chess and printed by William Caxton. A woodcut from the book is depicted on Great Britain 1976 Scott 796. Another chess book by the author Alfonso X is depicted on Spain 1985 Scott 1293. Chess had such a following that Shakespeare refers to the game 57 times, while his contemporary Thomas Middleton spent time in prison for writing a play called “A Game of Chess” (1624). Violence and death have something to do with the appeal of chess. There are countless examples of assassinations attempted and accomplished while a victim ponders over a chess move. And there is the legendary example of Charlot, son of Charlemagne who killed the son of a Danish warrior, using the chessboard itself as his fell weapon. Actually, the popularity of chess is not hard to understand. Its play was reminiscent of the clash of armies, with their kings, knights, and foot soldiers. More important, the game also reflected the struggle up and down the medieval social structure: protection, promotion, misfortune, elimination, death and loss. Although it was essentially a mind game, it spelled carnage and mayhem. A • Adjournment Stopping a game to finish it at a later date - this practice almost disappeared in the early 1990s • Advanced pawn A pawn that has reached the fifth rank or higher and especially one threatening to promote to a queen • Alekhine's Defence A hypermodern chess opening where Black replies to 1.e4 with 1...Nf6 - it was named after the 4th World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine • Arbiter A referee who ensures the chess and tournament rules are followed and handles any disputes • Armageddon Not the end of the world as we know it but a deciding game that must have a winner - White is given more time but a draw means victory for Black B • B The letter used to represent the bishop when recording chess moves in English • Back rank The 1st or 8th rank of the chessboard where the kings and other pieces start the game • Back-rank mate Mate given by a rook or queen going to the back rank (1st or 8th rank) of the chessboard, usually when a player's own pawns prevent his or her king from escaping • Back-rank weakness When a player's position is vulnerable to a back-rank mate • Backward pawn A pawn that is potentially weak because it's behind pawns on same files so no other pawn can support its advance • Bad bishop A bishop whose movement is severely restricted, usually by its own pawns blocking the colour of squares on which it can move • Benoni Defence A chess opening beginning 1.d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. d5 e6, which is popular with players who enjoy sharp, tactical battles. The name means "son of sorrow" and comes from a chess book published in Hebrew in 1825 by Aaron Reinganum • Bishop pair Having two bishops is usually considered an advantage in open positions when your opponent doesn't have the same • Bishop pawn A pawn on a file where the bishops start the game, i.e. the c or f-files • Blindfold chess Chess played without sight of the board, though not necessarily wearing a blindfold! • Blitz Chess played with each player typically having only 3-5 minutes to make all his or her moves • Blunder A very bad move. In worst	Puzzles - Coffeetime Triv (Sat) 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? 7: In which film did Roy Scheider play a sheriff and Richard Dreyfus a marine biologist? 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? John Cleese 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? Elton John 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? J.K.Rowling 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? A metronome 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? Red and black 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? Real Madrid Wow! I got a footie and an anagram question. I'm going to need to lie down! 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? Batman? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? Italy 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 15 to 1 Patience, so you did. Well done all three of you only one missing is 7: and 'Marine Biologist' (the new wannabe career for Britain's 6th-formers) might have given it to you - the fiilm was Jaws	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,203	Who wrote the 1869 novel ‘Lorna Doone’?	Lorna Doone - R.D. Blackmore - Book Drum Blundell's School - Credit: Sarah Charlesworth In 1837, Richard entered Blundell’s School in Tiverton. He excelled in classical studies, and won a scholarship to Exeter College, Oxford University, where he earned a Classics degree in 1847. During a university vacation he made his first attempt at writing a novel – this was to become The Maid of Sker, but it was not completed until many years later. After leaving Oxford and spending some time as a private tutor, Blackmore decided on a career in law. He entered the Middle Temple in 1849 and was called to the Bar in 1852. Epilepsy, however, prevented him from continuing with law as a full-time occupation. In 1854, he took the post of classics master at Wellesley House Grammar School in Twickenham. Lucy Maguire Blackmore At the age of 28, Blackmore married Lucy Maguire, apparently without his father’s knowledge (his father would have disapproved of Lucy's Catholicism). Lucy was 26. The couple never had children of their own, but they were close to Lucy’s sister Agnes’ four children and often had them to stay. They adopted one of Agnes’ children, Eva, when she was 7. In September 1857, Blackmore’s uncle died and left him a substantial sum of money. With it, he bought a 16-acre plot at Teddington, which he had admired for some time. He was to live in the house he built there for the rest of his life. He called it ‘Gomer House’ after one of his favourite dogs, a Gordon Spaniel. In the grounds he created an 11-acre market garden specialising in the cultivation of fruit. Despite his extensive knowledge of horticulture, his lack of business skills prevented the garden from becoming a profitable business. While neighbours in Teddington described him as unsociable, "wedded to his garden in summer and his book writing in winter,” other accounts indicate that Blackmore had many close friends with whom he met regularly, including fellow novelist Thomas Hardy. Blackmore wrote essays, articles and stories on the subject of fruit growing. His works include The farm and fruit of old: a translation in verse of the first and second georgics of Virgil, by a market gardener (1862). He published many of his first works of verse under the pseudonym Melanter (Greek for ‘more black’) including Poems by Melanter (1853), Epullia (1855), and The Bugle of the Black Sea (1855) about the Crimean War. His first novel, which was largely autobiographical, was Clara Vaughan (1864). This was followed by Cradock Nowell (1866). Lorna Doone was published in 1869. Princess Louise and John, Marquess of Lorne - Credit: Royal Photographers W & D Downey The first edition of what was to become his most famous novel was published as a three volume edition, but it sold poorly. 500 copies were printed; only 300 were sold. The remaining 200 were sent to Australia. The publication of the second edition, as a single volume, coincided with the announcement of the engagement of the Marquess of Lorne to Queen Victoria's daughter Louise. When rumours spread that the book was about the Marquess' family, its popularity soared. Blackmore wrote subsequently, "It is the merest fluke that Lorna Doone was ever heard of any more." Blackmore published a number of books in the 1870s including The Maid of Sker (1872), Alice Lorraine (1875), Cripps the Carrier (1876), and Erema. His novels are characterised by detailed observation of, and reverence for, Nature. Lucy, who had never enjoyed good health, became very ill in January 1888, and died within weeks. After her death, Blackmore was looked after by his adopted daughter Eva and one of her sisters. He published a number of works after Lucy's death, including Kit and Kitty: a Story of West Middlesex (1890), Mary Anerley (1880), Christowell (1882), and a naval tale based on the Napoleonic wars, Springhaven (1887). Blackmore died at Teddington on 20 January 1900, after a long illness. In April 1904, a memorial was established in Exeter Cathedral. While Blackmore was very popular in his time, his works have since been largely ignored	Stieg Larsson, Lisbeth Salander, and The Millennium Trilogy - Page 2 of 2 - AfterEllen Stieg Larsson, Lisbeth Salander, and The Millennium Trilogy September 22, 2009 Lesbian and bisexual characters sell. If you haven’t picked up one of Larsson’s books yet, you’re in the minority. He was the world’s second-best selling author last year (behind The Kite Runner’s Khaled Hosseini), and well over 12 million copies of his book have been sold worldwide. Three million of the books have been sold in Sweden, a country with only 9 million people. Keep those stats in mind the next time someone suggests mainstream audiences will never accept queer characters. The popularity of the stories and the characters — including the bisexual Lisbeth and the lesbian Miriam — doesn’t end with the books. According to Wikipedia, the already-released Swedish movie based on Larsson’s first novel was the most popular Swedish film in history. What’s more, The Guardian reports George Clooney, Johnny Depp and Brad Pitt are interested in playing the male lead, Mikael Blomkvist, in the projected U.S. version of the movie. There’s no word yet on which women might be interested in playing Lisbeth in the U.S. version (Natalie Portman, anyone?), but a few people you may have heard of are reportedly interested in directing: Quentin Tarantino, Ridley Scott and Martin Scorsese. It’s already been made into a movie in Scandanavia, with Noomi Rapace playing Lisbeth. Men are creating some of the best queer characters. Whedon created Buffy, Tara and Willow, to name a few; Terry Moore created Katchoo ; Rob Tapert created Xena ; and now there’s Larsson with Lisbeth and Miriam. Clearly, many — though certainly not all — of the best lesbian and bisexual characters are being created by men. Why is that the case? It may well be that female writers aren’t getting an equal shot at publication or promotion, or it could be that the best female writers are choosing to write about other topics. Laurie R. King has openly admitted she was encouraged by her publisher to focus on her Sherlock Holmes-related mysteries, rather than the less popular Kate Martinelli mysteries, which feature a lesbian protagonist. Larsson wasn’t immune to the lure of money; in fact, he hoped his novels would provide a retirement fund for him and his partner of more than 30 years, Eva Gabrielsson. But he also wrote three books before submitting them to a publisher, working on his own and presumably without the distractions and pressures of the publishing industry. He could have played it safe with Lisbeth’s sexuality, but instead it appears he was so caught up in creating a compelling character that he ignored any potential drawbacks. “[Lisbeth] became like a third person in our house,” Gabrielsson told Newsweek. “Stieg would be up all night writing, and when I woke up he would say, ‘You wouldn’t believe what Salander just did!’ It was like a menage à trois.” Feminism is still alive and kicking. Larsson’s novels are unabashedly feminist in their tone and message. His preferred title for the first novel, Men Who Hate Women, says it all: Larsson, often through Lisbeth, indicts institutions that allow or facilitate the abuse of women, as well as the sick, pathetic men who carry out the abuse. While most thrillers focus on the hapless female victims — the bloodied, abused and murdered girls and women we feel sorry for and ache to protect or avenge — Larsson focuses much of his attention on dissecting the Big Bad: the men who abuse. His characters talk with johns and sex traffickers and rapists, revealing the men to be, variously, dumb, deluded, evil and pitiful creatures. With their weak excuses and sputtering calls for mercy, it’s ultimately the abusers, not the abused, whose mental anguish and personal failings Larsson lays bare. In his marvelous, and decidedly feminist, restructuring of the traditional crime novel, it’s not just that the abusers get what’s coming to them — it’s that, often, it’s a woman who delivers the final blow.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,204	How many events make up a Triathlon?	How Long Is a Triathlon? \| ACTIVE How Long Is a Triathlon? How Long Is a Triathlon? By Gale Bernhardt For Active.com There are four common distances for triathlon competitions, and many variations on those distances. One thing that may cause a variation from the standard distance is the race venue. Often, race directors are challenged to find a safe venue for a swim, bike and run event. To keep the logistics and safety concerns of staging such an event to a dull roar, on occasion, race directors wisely select a race course that is slightly different than the common distances mentioned in this column. Featured Events More: Leon's World's Fastest Triathlon Thankfully, good race directors and benevolent volunteers continue to host events, some of which are world-class, at a growing number of locations. At many races, event directors provide not only individual competitor categories, but team categories as well. For many single-sport athletes, team competition provides a new camaraderie to their solo training. Additionally, it might just spark the fire to train for a triathlon as an individual competitor. So, how long is a triathlon anyway? Here are the four most common race distances: Sprint Distance A sprint-distance triathlon is often the best way for a new triathlete to have positive experience in their first event. A typical sprint distance event consists of 400 to 500 yards (or meters) of swimming, 12 to 15 miles of cycling and typically a 3.1-mile run. This distance makes completing the event quite manageable for fit and soon-to-be fit athletes. More: How to Train for a Sprint Triathlon Olympic Distance In the late 1980s, a 1.5 kilometer swim, 40 kilometer bike ride and a 10 kilometer run (0.9 miles swimming, 24.8 miles of cycling and 6.2 miles of running) was often called "International-Distance Triathlon" because that distance was accepted as the international standard and used at the first Triathlon World Championship. That championship was held August 6, 1989 in Avignon, France and the winners were Erin Baker of New Zealand and Mark Allen of the United States. In 1994 the International Triathlon Union (ITU), lead by president Les McDonald, convinced the International Olympic Committee to make triathlon an Olympic sport for the Sydney Games of 2000. The title for the "International-Distance Triathlon" was changed to Olympic-distance. Today, an Olympic-distance triathlon remains a 1.5-kilometer swim, 40-kilometer bike ride and a 10-kilometer run. About the Author Gale Bernhardt Gale Bernhardt was the USA Triathlon team coach at the 2003 Pan American Games and 2004 Athens Olympics. She's worked as a World Cup coach and delivered education training for the International Triathlon Union's Sport Development Team. Thousands of athletes have had successful training and racing experiences using Gale's easy-to-follow training plans. You can find some of her training plans on Active Trainer to help you succeed. Gale Bernhardt was the USA Triathlon team coach at the 2003 Pan American Games and 2004 Athens Olympics. She's worked as a World Cup coach and delivered education training for the International Triathlon Union's Sport Development Team. Thousands of athletes have had successful training and racing experiences using Gale's easy-to-follow training plans. You can find some of her training plans on Active Trainer to help you succeed. Share this article	Decathlon \| iaaf.org Decathlon Decathlon How it works This is the men’s ultimate all-round test, a 10-event contest covering the whole range of athletics disciplines spread over two days. Competitors earn points for their performance in each discipline and the overall winner is the man who accrues the most points. The first day consists of (in order): 100m, long jump, shot put, high jump and 400m. The second day’s events are 110m hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin and 1500m. History The forerunner of the modern decathlon was the pentathlon, a regular feature of the Ancient Olympics that comprised the long jump, discus, javelin, sprint and wrestling. Various versions of the event re-emerged in the 19th century to determine all-around prowess and a combined events competition was held at the 1904 Olympic Games. But the first decathlon that resembles the current format was held in 1911, with the inaugural Olympic Games decathlon – famously won by the legendary Jim Thorpe – taking place a year later in Stockholm. There is also an official world record for the women's decathlon but this is not contested at major championships. Did you know The scoring tables that determine how a many points a performance is worth have actually been adjusted six times since they were established in 1912, because of athletes' ever-improving abilities, equipment changes and to equate the events more accurately. The changes happened in 1920, 1934, 1950, 1962, 1977 (to take account of the growing use of electronic timing) and, most recently, 1985. Gold standard Ashton Eaton's victory at the 2012 Olympics was the 13th decathlon gold medal for the USA, who have been the most dominant nation in the event by a long way as no other country has won more than two gold medals. In similar fashion, the USA has been the most successful nation at the IAAF World Championships with nine gold medals in 15 editions. Rico Freimuth in the decathlon discus at the IAAF World Championships, Beijing 2015 (Getty Images) © Copyright Icons Bob Mathias Mathias was just 17 when he won the Olympic title in 1948, and he still remains the youngest ever winner of an Olympic decathlon medal. Four years later in Helsinki, after setting his first world record in 1950, he won by the astonishing margin of 912 points with a world record tally of 7887 to become the first man to successfully defend an Olympic decathlon title. Later in life, he became a successful politician and served eight years as a congressman in the US House of Representatives. He died in 2006 at the age of 75. Decathlon men Outdoor All time 1 Decathlon women Outdoor All time 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,205	Which autonomous region within the Kingdom of the Netherlands is a 33-kilometre (21 mile) long island with a land area of 193 km2 (75 sq miles) in the southern Caribbean Sea?	Life Unleashed - Aruba Pet Rules and regulations for moving, relocating, transporting, or traveling with pets to Aruba ARUBA Pets Cats and dogs from the United States are required to have the following upon arrival in Aruba: A veterinary health certificate issued from the originating country a maximum of 14 days prior to arrival. A rabies inoculation certificate issued within 30 days prior to arrival. Animals traveling or originating from South and Central America are prohibited in Aruba. General Information Aruba is a 33-kilometre (21 mi)-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, 27 km (17 mi) north of the Paraguanï¿½ Peninsula, Falcï¿½n State, Venezuela. Together with Bonaire and Curaï¿½ao it forms a group referred to as the ABC islands of the Leeward Antilles, the southern island chain of the Lesser Antilles. An autonomous region within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Aruba has no administrative subdivisions. Unlike much of the Caribbean region, Aruba has a dry climate and an arid, cactus-strewn landscape. This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm, sunny weather. It has a land area of 193 km2 (75 sq mi) and lies outside the hurricane belt. About Life Unleashed Pet Movers With over 40 years of combined animal handling, transportation, and shipping experience Life Unleashed Pet Movers is an international pet moving and pet relocation company that specializes in providing pet travel and moving solutions for corporations, individuals, and vacationers. Our company is a member of IPATA (International Pet and Animal Transportation Association), ATA (Animal Transportation Association), approved by the TSA as an Indirect Air Carrier, registered with the USDA as professional animal handlers, and certified as a LAR specialist by the IATA (International Air Transport Association. Life Unleashed is a division of Epic Dogz, Inc. View More Contact Us	What's in a (South African) name? Tweet on Twitter Saddled with the burden of apartheid and colonial-slanted textbooks, South Africans have tended to take their identities from their political leanings. But “mixed marriages” are as old as South Africa itself. As the meaning of democracy dawns, more people are finding family tree research the key to understanding their own heritages. The first written records of births, deaths and marriages, imcomplete though they are, came with Dutchman Jan van Riebeeck in 1652, when he set out to establish a way station at the Cape of Good Hope with the aid of Robben Island. The case of the Khoi interpreter Perhaps the most representative of the mix of South African ancestry lines dating from those early days is the marriage of Krotoa, a Khoi interpreter who worked for Van Riebeeck and married a colleague of his, Danish explorer Pieter Meerhof. Burdened with the double obligation of fitting into European society and being loyal to her own people, Krotoa’s life was made even harder when Meerhof was seconded to Robben Island as superintendent. SA family history on the Web – Family history research has become far more accessible (and addictive) since the advent of the Internet. Sharon Marshall offers a primer of sites for South African amateur genies. Left as one of only two women on the island when her husband was killed on a slaving expedition, and shunned by both societies, Krotoa succumbed to depression and an alcohol-related death, but left behind at least eight children, the descendants of one of whom was the progenitor of the Zaaiman family in South Africa. Some of them went on to become key figures from all spectrums – including white ex-premiers Paul Kruger, Jan Smuts and FW de Klerk. Slave routes, slave roots Then came the slaves: in 1658 the first two boatloads – one from Angola and one from west Africa – arrived, and some of these went on to marry Dutch citizens of the Cape or bear children by them after intermarriage became outlawed. One couple, Anna and Evert, who were purchased by the Dutch from African slave lords in Benin in 1658, produced a daughter who went on to have a son by prosperous Dutchman Bastiaan Colyn. Her son, Johannes, married a descendant of the wealthy Cloete family and purchased De Hoop op Constantia, still one of the finest estates in the Cape. After west Africa was declared out of bounds, the Dutch East India Company began bringing in slaves from the east – either from their base in Djakarta or China, Sri Lanka or India, often with Arabs as middlemen. The first boatloads arrived in 1681, and by 1730 they had extended their operations to include the Mascarenes, Mozambique and Zanzibar, with Portuguese colonists as middlemen. With only 19 European women and 100 white free burghers at the Cape in 1677, most 13th generation South Africans with colonial ancestry have at least one slave ancestor from these parts. Though European female numbers increased 30 years later, slave women were often favoured for their beauty, and many became the ancestral mothers (or stammoeders) of generations of families in South Africa. Angela of Bengal Before the first official slave consignments had been sanctioned, Angela of Bengal (or Maaij Ansela) was bought by Jan van Riebeeck, the founder of the Dutch colony, was resold and freed by her master. She then married Arnoldus Willemsz Bason, and became the stammoeder of the Basson family in South Africa. SA roots in literature: new reviews – The dawn of the new SA spawned a new quest for ancestral roots and the “real” story of how “the Rainbow Nation” got here – topics covered in an increasingly wide range of literature. Sharon Marshall reviews a selection of the latest offerings. Through marriages of her children, Maaij (or Mooi, Beautiful) Ansela is also the stammoeder of the Bergh and Van As families. One of her descendants was Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, who married Anna Retief, niece of slain trekboer Piet. In 1692, four of the 34 Cape Town free burghers had ex-slave wives, but according to “Cape Town, Making of a C	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,206	What were the first names of English novelist H E Bates?	Herbert: Meaning Of Name Herbert \| Nameberry.com Famous People Named Herbert Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community. Herbert Clark Hoover, 31st U.S. president Herbert George "H.G." Wells, English novelist Herbert Ernest "H.E." Bates, English novelist Herbert Anthony Stevens IV aka Ab-Soul, American rapper Herbert FrÃ¶hlich, German-born British physicist (Horatio) Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and WWI secretary of war Herbert von Karajan (born Heribert, Ritter von Karajan), Austrian conductor Herbert Spencer, English philosopher Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, British prime minister Herbert Alexander Simon, American political scientist Herbert Marcuse, German-American philosopher Herbert Louis Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel, British home secretary, first British Jew to lead a political party Herbert Asbury, American journalist and crime writer Saint Herbert, French bishop of Marmoutier and archbishop of Tours Cancel Pop Culture References for the name Herbert Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community. Herbert, warthog on animated series "64 Zoo Lane" Herbert Pocket, Pip's friend and companion in Dickens' "Great Expectations" Sir Herbert Subboys, old knight in John Marston's play "The Dutch Courtesan" (1605) Herbert Birdsfoot, "Sesame Street" Muppet Herbert, pederast character on TV's "Family Guy" Herbert Travilla, Elsie Dinsmore Travilla's son in Elsie Dinsmore series Herbert Garrison, teacher on TV's "South Park" "Herbert West: Reanimator," story, film and character by H.P. Lovecraft Herbert P. Bear, character from computer game Club Penguin Herbert Carrington, character in Elsie Dinsmore series Herbert Rippinghall, character in G. A. Henty's "Friends Though Divided" Herbert "Bertie" Pelham, 7th Marquess of Hexham, character on TV's "Downton Abbey" Cancel	What Are The First Names Of English Novelist G K Chesterton What Are The First Names Of English Novelist G K Chesterton G K Chesterton : Chesterton early showed a great interest in and talent for art. spoken to his wife and secretary, who were allowed to sit with him during his broadcasts. England's Novelists in the Nation The Man Who Was Thursday : First edition. Author, G. K. Chesterton. Country, United Kingdom. Language, English Thursday: A Nightmare is a novel by G. K. Chesterton, first published in 1908. each using the name of a da G K Chesterton : The paternal greatgrandfather, grandfather and father of G. K. Chesterton were family had long been English, but had originally come from French Switzerland . Gilbert first attended Colet Court School, entering St. Paul's as a day student Dale Ahlquist on G K Chesterton Pope Francis : In 1996, writer, editor, and speaker Dale Ahlquist founded the interest in 20th century English author, journalist, dramatist, biographer, and lay But when someone first suggested the idea of G.K. Chesterton being It's j G K Chesterton The Poetry Foundation : Chesterton's first novel, the manuscript of which was discovered in a steamer trunk in will see much of the author in the book, Mark Knight commented in English Chesterton's fame rests on the priest with 'the harmless, human nam G K Chesterton : Prolific English critic and author of verse, essays, novels, and short stories. The Napoleon of Notting Hill (1904) was Chesterton's first novel, a political fantasy. G K Chesterton Biography Facts Birthday Life Story : Discover more about writer G.K. Chesterton on Biography. Full Name: Gilbert Keith Chesterton G.K. Chesterton was born on in London. Gilbert Keith Chesterton : Gilbert Keith Chesterton (18741936) was a prolific English critic and author of G.K. Chesterton was born in London into a middleclass family on . The Napoleon Of Notting Hill (1904) was Chesterton's first novel, a political G K Chesterton Biography from Answers : Gilbert Keith Chesterton (click to enlarge) G.K. Chesterton, chalk drawing by The English author, journalist, and artist Gilbert Keith Chesterton Keith Chesterton an exhibition catalogue of English and American first editions on Geo Quotations of G K Chesterton : the most profound and insightful quotations of the English writer, G.K. Chesterton. Misers get up early in the morning and burglars, I am informed, get up the is a pompous name for indifference, which is an elegant name for ignorance The Novels of G K Chesterton and C S Lewis : Born in 1874, G. K. Chesterton burst upon the literary scene as a journalist As an essayist, he ranks among the finest stylists in the English language His first novel, The Napoleon of Notting Hill (1904), looks at the . This is conservatism at its highest. Russell Kirk. Newsletter Sign Up Name. First Last. G K Chesterton (British author) : English critic and author of verse, essays, novels, and short stories, known also for his exuberant personality and rotund figure. G.K. Chesterton, in full Gilbert Keith Chesterton (born , London, First, his social criticism, largely in his voluminous journalism, was gathered in The Images quizzes Lists. G K Chesterton Authors Page at Ignatius Insight : G. K. Chesterton (18741936) Author Page Ignatius Insight His writing remains as timely and as timeless today as when it first appeared, even Mohandas Gandhi to lead a movement to end British colonial rule in India. To name a few. The Complete Father Brown by G K Chesterton Reviews : Amy said: The omnibus is the exhaustive collection of G.K. Chestertons of the dumpy little priest (were never told his first name) who is able to solve . They indicated that this British author was one of the most influential of the first half of the G K Chesterton : When some English moralists write about the importance of having character, Impartiality is a pompous name for indifference, which is an elegant name for . What fairy tales gi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,207	"What word is repeated before ""toil and trouble"" in ""Macbeth""?"	Repetition in “Macbeth” \| Learning Together Many minds are better than one! Repetition in “Macbeth” Posted by Lisa Smith in Uncategorized May 28, 2012 Find an example of repetition in “Macbeth” and explain its effect. What is it? Why is it there? Does it fall into characterisation, dramatic tension, irony, dialogue. Share this: “Still it cried, “Sleep no more!” to all the house. “Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more. Macbeth shall sleep no more.” Repeating his words of insanity, this effect of repetition in these lines helps portray Macbeth as this insane character. ∞ Act IV, Scene III: Macduff- “Each new morn, new widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows strike heaven on the face…” (p.156). Through use of repetition, Shakespeare highlights the constant destruction of Scotland, the constant killings and deaths, at the hand of the tyrannous Macbeth. The repetition builds dramatic tension by emphasizing the urgency of dethroning Macbeth and reclaiming Scotland from its tyrannous ruler. ∞ Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 18-20 LM: “What thou wouldst highly/ That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false/ And yet wouldst wrongly win.” The repetition of the word ‘wouldst’ in these lines portray Lady Macbeth’s quick thoughts as she starts to formulate a plan for the murder of Duncan and enhances the doubt she feels for her husband’s emotional ability to undertake the task – yet she knows that he would like very much to be king. Hecate: Act 3 Scene 5 I come, I come, I come, I come With all the speed I may, With all the speed I may. Where’s Stadling? Shakespeare has used this repetition to highlight the frantic nature which Hecate is in and he alerts us to the agency of the matter. “With all the speed I may” refers to Hecate travelling as fast as she can to the other spirits. “Where’s Stadling” refers to all the witches being rounded as seen in further lines. When shall we three meet again When the battles lost and won The word ‘when’ is repeated to draw the audiences attention to the future and make them ponder. The witches constantly develop prophersies which forshadow future events. Act 3, scene 2, 8–12 Lady Macbeth: How now, my lord, why do you keep alone, Of sorriest fancies your companions making, Using those thoughts which should indeed have died With them they think on? Things without all remedy Should be without regard: what’s done, is done. When Lady Macbeth says “Should be without regard: what’s done, is done she is saying the Duncan’s death is Permanent. The repetition of the word ‘done’ is further enforcing that it has been ‘done’ and cannot be changed. “Fair is foul and foul is fair Hover through the fog and filthy air.” This line contains massive amounts of repetition! There is repetition of the f consonance (alliteration) and the repetition of fair and foul. This really enhances the duplicity of the sentence but at the same time demonstrates how in Macbeth’s world, these two things go hand in hand. What the witches considered to be foul is in their minds fair, and what is fair to them is foul in everyone else’s opinion. Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools This use of repetition is strong and powerful, and its place at the end of the play furthe promotes this. Its a mere reflection from Macbeth, questioning the worth of his actions, questioning the tediousness of life .The use of the word Tomorrow also plays to great signicance, as Macbeth accepts his death, and the fact he will not rise again to even see the next day, as he will be slain. May 28, 2012 at 10:57 pm ∞ Act V Sc I, Lady M: What’s done cannot be undone.–To bed, to bed, to bed! Lady Macbeth uses repetition in her very last lines in the play because Shakespeare wants to burn the image and thought of the late Lady Macbeth as distrought and crazy. She uses repitition merely as a scapegoat for the sickness in her mind. Her guilt scratches at her. (Written in-class 28 May, needed internet to upload) Act 3 Scen	SparkNotes: Macbeth: Plot Overview Plot Overview Context Character List The play begins with the brief appearance of a trio of witches and then moves to a military camp, where the Scottish King Duncan hears the news that his generals, Macbeth and Banquo, have defeated two separate invading armies—one from Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald, and one from Norway. Following their pitched battle with these enemy forces, Macbeth and Banquo encounter the witches as they cross a moor. The witches prophesy that Macbeth will be made thane (a rank of Scottish nobility) of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. They also prophesy that Macbeth’s companion, Banquo, will beget a line of Scottish kings, although Banquo will never be king himself. The witches vanish, and Macbeth and Banquo treat their prophecies skeptically until some of King Duncan’s men come to thank the two generals for their victories in battle and to tell Macbeth that he has indeed been named thane of Cawdor. The previous thane betrayed Scotland by fighting for the Norwegians and Duncan has condemned him to death. Macbeth is intrigued by the possibility that the remainder of the witches’ prophecy—that he will be crowned king—might be true, but he is uncertain what to expect. He visits with King Duncan, and they plan to dine together at Inverness, Macbeth’s castle, that night. Macbeth writes ahead to his wife, Lady Macbeth, telling her all that has happened. Lady Macbeth suffers none of her husband’s uncertainty. She desires the kingship for him and wants him to murder Duncan in order to obtain it. When Macbeth arrives at Inverness, she overrides all of her husband’s objections and persuades him to kill the king that very night. He and Lady Macbeth plan to get Duncan’s two chamberlains drunk so they will black out; the next morning they will blame the murder on the chamberlains, who will be defenseless, as they will remember nothing. While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural portents, including a vision of a bloody dagger. When Duncan’s death is discovered the next morning, Macbeth kills the chamberlains—ostensibly out of rage at their crime—and easily assumes the kingship. Duncan’s sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee to England and Ireland, respectively, fearing that whoever killed Duncan desires their demise as well. Fearful of the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s heirs will seize the throne, Macbeth hires a group of murderers to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. They ambush Banquo on his way to a royal feast, but they fail to kill Fleance, who escapes into the night. Macbeth becomes furious: as long as Fleance is alive, he fears that his power remains insecure. At the feast that night, Banquo’s ghost visits Macbeth. When he sees the ghost, Macbeth raves fearfully, startling his guests, who include most of the great Scottish nobility. Lady Macbeth tries to neutralize the damage, but Macbeth’s kingship incites increasing resistance from his nobles and subjects. Frightened, Macbeth goes to visit the witches in their cavern. There, they show him a sequence of demons and spirits who present him with further prophecies: he must beware of Macduff, a Scottish nobleman who opposed Macbeth’s accession to the throne; he is incapable of being harmed by any man born of woman; and he will be safe until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Castle. Macbeth is relieved and feels secure, because he knows that all men are born of women and that forests cannot move. When he learns that Macduff has fled to England to join Malcolm, Macbeth orders that Macduff’s castle be seized and, most cruelly, that Lady Macduff and her children be murdered. When news of his family’s execution reaches Macduff in England, he is stricken with grief and vows revenge. Prince Malcolm, Duncan’s son, has succeeded in raising an army in England, and Macduff joins him as he rides to Scotland to challenge Macbeth’s forces. The invasion has the support of the Scottish nobles, who are appalled and frightened by Macbeth’s tyrannical and murderous behavior. Lady Macbeth, me	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,208	"What airport was known as ""Idlewild Airport"" when planned in the late 1930s, was renamed ""Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport"" when construction began in 1943, then ""New York International Airport, Anderson Field"" when flights began in 1948, had another name change in 1963?"	Idlewild Airport - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Idlewild Airport Wikis Idlewild Airport: Wikis Advertisements Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics For the regional airport in Wisconsin, see John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport . John F. Kennedy International Airport IATA : JFK – ICAO : KJFK – FAA : JFK Summary FAA airport diagram as of 20 Nov 2008 Map showing New York City and the locations of JFK (1), LaGuardia (2) and Newark (3) airports John F. Kennedy International Airport ( IATA : JFK, ICAO : KJFK, FAA LID : JFK) is an international airport located in Queens County , New York in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 km) from Lower Manhattan . It is the busiest international air passenger gateway to the United States [6] and is also the leading freight gateway to the country by value of shipments. [7] JFK airport is the base of operations for JetBlue Airways and is a major international getaway hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines . It also serves as a focus city for Avianca . Over ninety airlines operate out of JFK. [8] The airport is named after John F. Kennedy , the 35th President of the United States . The airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , which also manages the two other major airports in the New York metropolitan area, Newark Liberty and LaGuardia . Contents Advertisements Construction JFK Airport was originally known as Idlewild Airport ( IATA : IDL, ICAO : KIDL, FAA LID : IDL) after the Idlewild Golf Course that it displaced. The airport was originally envisioned as a reliever for LaGuardia Airport , which was already showing signs of insufficient capacity in the late 1930s. Construction began in 1943; approximately $60 million was initially spent, but only 1,000 acres (400 ha ) of land on the site of the Idlewild golf course were earmarked for use. [9] The project was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport in 1943 after a Queens resident who had commanded a Federalized National Guard unit in the southern United States and who had died in late 1942. In March 1948, the New York City Council again changed the name of the airport to New York International Airport, Anderson Field, but the name "Idlewild" remained in common use until 1963. [10] The Port Authority leased the airport property from the City of New York in 1947 and maintains this lease today. [1] The first commercial flight at the airport was on July 1, 1948; the opening ceremony was attended by President Harry Truman . [9] Upon opening Idlewild, the Port Authority cancelled foreign airlines' permits to use LaGuardia, effectively forcing them to move to the new airport. [11] The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, one month after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy . [12] Development The Port Authority originally envisioned a single 55-gate terminal for the airport, but the major airlines of the time did not agree with this plan, arguing that the terminal would be far too small for future traffic. [13] Architect Wallace Harrison then designed a master plan under which each major airline at the airport would be given its own space to develop its own terminal design. [14] This scheme made construction more practical, made terminals more navigable and introduced incentives for airlines to compete with each other for the best design. [13] The revised master plan met airline approval in 1955. [10] The International Arrivals Building was the first new terminal project at the airport. It was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and featured perpendicular "finger" piers to allow a greater number of aircraft to park, a major design innovation at the time. [10] United Airlines opened Terminal 9, a Skidmore design similar to that of the IAB, in October 1959. Eastern Airlines opened its Chester L. Churchill-designed Terminal 1 one month later. [1	From New York City to Yonkers along the Hudson River - Access Genealogy From New York City to Yonkers along the Hudson River Updated: January 6, 2014 \| New York \| 0 \| Discover your family's story. Enter a grandparent's name to get started. Start Now This upper landing of the Hudson River Day Line has a beautiful location and is a great convenience to the dwellers of northern Manhattan. On leaving the pier the steel-arched structure of Riverside Drive is seen on the right. The valley here spanned, in the neighborhood of 127th Street, was once known as “Marritje Davids’ Fly,” and the local name for this part of New York above Claremont Heights is still known as “Manhattanville.” The Convent of the Sacred Heart is visible among the trees, and Trinity Cemetery’s Monuments soon gleam along the wooded bank. Among her distinguished dead is the grave of General John A. Dix whose words rang across the land sixty days before the attack on Fort Sumter: “If any man attempts to pull down the American flag shoot him on the spot.” The John A. Dix Post of New York comes hither each Decoration Day and garlands with imposing ceremonies his grave and the graves of their comrades. Near Carmansville was the home of Audubon, the ornithologist, and the residences above the cemetery are grouped together as Audubon Park. Near at hand is the New York Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, and pleasantly located near the shore the River House once known as West-End Hotel. Washington Heights Washington Heights rise in a bold bluff above Jeffrey’s Hook. After the withdrawal of the American army from Long Island, it became apparent to General Washington and Hamilton that New York would have to be abandoned. General Greene and Congress believed in maintaining the fort, but future developments showed that Washington was right. The American troops, so far as clothing or equipment was concerned, were in a pitiable condition, and the result of the struggle makes one of the darkest pages of the war. On the 12th of November Washington started from Stony Point for Fort Lee and arrived the 13th, finding to his disappointment that General Greene, instead of having made arrangements for evacuating, was, on the contrary, reinforcing Fort Washington. The entire defense numbered only about 2000 men, mostly militia, with hardly a coat, to quote an English writer, “that was not out at the elbows.” “On the night of the 14th thirty flat-bottomed boats stole quietly up the Hudson, passed the American forts undiscovered, and made their way through Spuyten Duyvil Creek into Harlem River. The means were thus provided for crossing that river, and landing before unprotected parts of the American works.” According to Irving, “On the 15th General Howe sent a summons to surrender, with a threat of extremities should he have to carry the place by assault.” Magaw, in his reply, intimated a doubt that General Howe would execute a threat “so unworthy of himself and the British nation; but give me leave,” added he, “to assure his Excellency, that, actuated by the most glorious cause that mankind ever fought in, I am determined to defend this post to the very last extremity.” “Apprised by the colonel of his peril, General Greene sent over reinforcements, with an exhortation to him to persist in his defense; and dispatched an express to General Washington, who was at Hackensack, where the troops from Peekskill were encamped. It was nightfall when Washington arrived at Fort Lee. Greene and Putnam were over at the besieged fortress. He threw himself into a boat, and had partly crossed the river, when he met those Generals returning. They informed him of the garrison having been reinforced, and assured him that it was in high spirits, and capable of making a good defense. It was with difficulty, however, they could prevail on him to return with them to the Jersey shore, for he was excessively excited.” “Early the next morning, Magaw made his dispositions for the expected attack. His forces, with the recent addition, amounted to nearly three thousand men. As the fort could not contain above a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,209	"Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you" was the first message sent by what medium on March 10, 1876?	The First Telephone Call Bell on the telephone in New York (calling Chicago) in 1892 The First Telephone Call March 10, 1876 What were the first words ever spoken on the telephone? They were spoken by Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, when he made the first call on March 10, 1876, to his assistant, Thomas Watson: "Mr. Watson--come here--I want to see you." What would you have said? page 1 of 4	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,210	Equus quagga is the scientific name for which animal?	Zebra (Equus zebra, Equus quagga, Equus grevyi) - Animals - A-Z Animals - Animal Facts, Information, Pictures, Videos, Resources and Links Listen Zebra Classification and Evolution The Zebra is a large species of equine that is natively found roaming the grassy plains of sub-Saharan Africa. They are the largest and most distinctive wild horses with bodies that are patterned with white and black stripes, the exact placement of which is unique to each individual. There are three different species of Zebra that are found in Africa which are the Common Zebra (also known as the Plains Zebra and the Burchell's Zebra), the Grevy's Zebra (also known as the Imperial Zebra) and the Mountain Zebra. They are incredibly sociable animals that can travel vast distances in search of fresh grass and water but are severely threatened throughout much of their natural range due to increasing levels of human activity. Today, both the Grevy's Zebra and the Mountain Zebra are considered to be endangered species and although the Common Zebra is more widespread and numerous, there have been sharp population declines in certain areas. Zebra Anatomy and Appearance Zebras are heavy bodied animals that are perfectly designed for speed with their long and slender legs and narrow hooves helping them to reach speeds of 40kph when running. In the same way as horses, they only have a single toe on each foot which they walk on the tip of and is protected by their tough hooves. Their black and white stripes are unique to each individual and help them to identify each other when in the herd. Zebras have long necks and heads that mean they can easily reach the grass on the ground and a mane that extends from their forehead and along their back to the tail. The pattern of their stripes varies between the species with Grevy's and Mountain Zebras having narrower stripes and white undersides, while the Common Zebra has broad stripes that cover it's entire body. The Grevy's Zebra is not only the largest of the Zebra species but is also easily identifiable by it's large, rounded ears. Zebra Distribution and Habitat Zebras are found inhabiting the open grasslands and plains of East and Southern Africa where they spend almost of their time grazing on the grasses. The Common Zebra is the most numerous and has the widest natural range throughout East Africa where they are found roaming the grassy plains. The Mountain Zebra can be found grazing on the mountain grasslands of South-West Africa, while the Grevy's Zebra is confined to the arid grasslands and sub-desert steppe throughout Ethiopia, Somalia and in northern Kenya. Zebras have evolved to run incredibly fast so they are able to escape from dangerous predators and so rely heavily on the open plains for their survival. Although the Common Zebra has been least affected, all three species are at risk from population declines due to the loss of their natural habitats caused by by increasing levels of human activity. Zebra Behaviour and Lifestyle Zebras are highly sociable animals that roam the savanna in herds for protection from predators. The Grevy's Zebra occupies herds more loosely than the other species with a stallion (male) patrolling enormous territories of up to 10 square kilometres, with mares (females) and their foals grazing freely and occasionally forming small groups that feed together. Both the Common Zebra and the Mountain Zebra inhabit their native regions in long-term herds that split into smaller family groups which are led by a dominant stallion and contain between one and six mares with their young. Their strong social bonds can make them very affectionate towards one another, often grooming each other using their teeth. During the mating season, males will fight fiercely for the right to breed with the females and do so by rearing up on their back legs whilst kicking and biting one another. Zebra Reproduction and Life Cycles The Zebra is a relatively slow-developing mammal with females not being able to first breed until they are at least a few years old. After a gestation period that can last	Squab - Poultry Hub Squab Egyptian farmers raise more than 70% of the squabs on a global basis. Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Squab Production Domesticated pigeons (Columbia livia domesticia) are raised for racing and ornamental purposes and for meat production mainly as young birds (squabs). The ancient Egyptians were one of the first to produce squabs for the table and this practice spread to Rome and Medieval Europe. Today, Egyptian farmers raise more than 70% of the squabs on a global basis. They grow at a rapid rate and have a prodigious appetite, and depend on their parents to provide nourishment in the form of ‘crop milk’ which is stimulated by the hormone prolactin (as is also done by some other avian species such as some flamingos and penguins). The composition of the milk changes as the squab ages. Initially it is high in fat and protein with high levels of the essential amino acids. Production of crop milk declines and ceases in the female earlier than in the male which allows her to lay two more eggs and to incubate them, assisted by the male. Eggs will hatch at 17 days. In a breeding season, which is September to January, one pair of pigeons will produce 12 to 15 squabs, each weighing about 500 g at 24 to 28 days of age when lactation has already ceased and they have full feather cover. Dressing out is about 350 g, although this will vary with the breed. The meat is dark in colour and similar to that of duck meat. Squab Production in Australia The industry has grown from about $6.2 million in 2002 to close to $11 million today. There an Australian Poultry Squab Producers Federation which has members in most of the states. These family-run farms typically have 500 to 1500 breeding pairs, which produce 6,000 to 12,000 squabs per year. Some rely on outside processing plants to process their squabs and others rely on other game bird producers to market their already processed squabs. They are held in breeding pens or lofts with wire mesh or solid floors with wood shavings and holding 20 to 30 pairs. The pen is either closed or with an open flight area depending on the climate. They are best suited to dry, temperate conditions. There are two raised nest boxes per pair to accommodate the two squabs still being fed and this also allows for the hen to incubate her eggs for the next hatch. Pigeons are housed according to age. Young birds of similar age are kept together, as are first time breeders. There are several different breeds, which are often cross breeds, used for squab farming but the White King (750 to 850 g) crosses from the United States are the most favoured. The slightly smaller Red Carneaux from France is also used in breeding programs. Breeding pigeons are left to their own devices when it comes to nest building and pine needles, straw or wood shavings are left in a pile in a rack. Pigeons are sexually mature at about seven to eight months. The female will breed for approximately eight years and the male for five years. Pigeons are usually given a choice of grains, legume seeds such as peas and whole or oil-extracted oil seeds with access to grit and minerals and vitamins. As their nutrient needs will vary with stage of lactation and when incubating eggs, the birds will alter their selection of feed ingredients. Some producers feed their pigeons a formulated, pelleted diet with whole grain available separately. It takes about 3 kg of feed for parents to grow one squab to 500 g. As crop milk is initially very high in water, pigeons need about one litre per day for five birds and there should also be water separately for bathing. Some producers maintain that crop milk is produced by the lactating pair for no more than 10 days and that the parents then regurgitate grain to feed the squabs. The squabs are sent to the processing plant at about 28 to 32 days and dress out at 200 to 500 g. The price of grains has risen to the extent that few new farmers are now entering the business, which is only marginally profitable, although there is no shortage of consumer demand, mainly from the Asian population.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,211	From which opera does the Toreador Song come	Toreador song (instrumental) by Georges Bizet from his final work, Carmen - HD - YouTube Toreador song (instrumental) by Georges Bizet from his final work, Carmen - HD Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jan 23, 2014 Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 -- 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, Carmen, which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertory. The Toreador Song (Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre) is one of the most famous arias from the opera Carmen, composed by Georges Bizet to a libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy. It is sung by the bullfighter Escamillo as he enters in Act 2 (toréador is reference to "bullfighter"; although the actual correct term is torero, Bizet took some poetic license and "invented" a four-syllable word which he needed in order to match the musical motif), and describes various situations in the bullring, the cheering of the crowds and the fame that comes with victory. Elements of Toréador re-appear later in Carmen: of note Toréador, en garde, which follows shortly after Votre toast... in Act 2. ---------------------------------------------------	The Phantom of the Opera (1986 Musical) \| Phantompedia Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia The Phantom of the Opera (1986 Musical) The Phantom of the Opera (1986 Musical) 13pages on Share The musical's iconic logo. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical/opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber , based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux . The music was composed by Lloyd Webber, and most lyrics were written by Charles Hart. Additional lyrics were written by Richard Stilgoe. Alan Jay Lerner was an early collaborator, but he withdrew after completing work on a single song, Masquerade, and died shortly thereafter. The central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé , who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius. The Phantom of the Opera opened in the West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It is the longest-running musical in Broadway history, the second-longest-running West End musical, and arguably the world's most financially successful single entertainment project to date. Phantom won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (as the phantom) won the 1986 Olivier and 1988 Tony for Best Performance by an Actor in a Musical. The show has been seen in 149 cities in 25 countries, and has played to over 100 million people. With total worldwide box office receipts of over £3.5bn ($5.1bn), Phantom is the highest-grossing entertainment event of all time. The New York production alone has grossed US $715 million, making it the most financially successful Broadway show in history. Contents Edit Inspired by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill, Phantom began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September, 1986 and opened on 9 October under the direction of Hal Prince. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge.[10] Michael Crawford starred as the titular character, Sarah Brightman as Christine, and Steve Barton as Raoul . The show is still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrating its 24th anniversary in October 2010, and celebrated its 10,000th performance at the matinée on 23rd October, 2010; both Andrew Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, were in attendance. It is the second longest-running West End musical in history behind Les Miserables. Broadway Edit Phantom began Broadway previews at the Majestic Theatre on 9 January, 1988 and opened on 26 January. Crawford, Brightman and Barton reprised their respective roles from the London production. In 2009 the Broadway production marked its nine thousandth performance and is currently the longest-running musical in Broadway history celebrating 23 years in January of 2011. Development of the Musical Edit In the northern hemisphere winter of 1984, Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance received a phone call. Andrew Lloyd Webber was looking to create a new musical. He was aiming for a romantic piece, but having trouble reining in a worthwhile idea, and, hitting upon the idea of using Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera as a base, he pitched the idea. Mackintosh and Lloyd Webber screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains versions but neither were able to gain any material that might be useful in making the leap from book to stage. While in New York, Lloyd Webber tracked down a second hand copy of the long out-of-print original Leroux novel, from which his attitude to the material was transformed; “ I was actually writing something else at the time, and I realized that the reason I was hung up was because I was trying to write a major romantic story, and I had been trying to do that ever since I started my career. Then with the Phantom, it was there!" ” From there, Lloyd Webber began work developing Phantom of the Opera to fit into musical form. Lyricists and Lyrics Edit Lloyd Webber approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his "dark obsessive side", but the writer/producer declined in order to fulfil his com	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,212	Which day of the week is named after the Norse god of single combat and heroic glory or courage?	Seven Days of Week. \|authorSTREAM seven days of week. Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites . Views: This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 WELCOME PowerPoint Presentation: These two overlapping weeks continued to be used by Alexandrian Christians during the fourth century, but the days in both were simply numbered 1–7. Although names of gods were not used, the week beginning on Wednesday was named in Greek ton theon ([day] of the gods), as used by the late fourth-century editor of the Easter letters of Bishop Athanasius, and in a table of Easter dates for 311–369 that survives in an Ethiopic copy. These overlapping weeks are still used in the Ethiopic computes. Each of the days of the week beginning on Sunday is called a "Day of John" whereas each of the days of the week beginning on Wednesday is called a "tentyo", a simple transcription of the Greek ton theo. PowerPoint Presentation: Seven Days of The Week How did we Derive the names of the seven days of the week and why are they seven in number ? PowerPoint Presentation: The ancient Egyptians named each day of the week after one of The planets. They considered the Seventh day merely as a day of Rest and play. PowerPoint Presentation: Later the Romans named the seven days of the week after the Sun, Moon and five planets, which were then known. Each day was considered sacred to the Roman God who was associated with that planet. The days were known as Sun’s-day, Moon's - day, Mars-day and so on . This System was in use at the beginning of the Christian Era. PowerPoint Presentation: MONDAY The word Monday comes from the Anglo-Saxon monandae,which means the Moon’s day. PowerPoint Presentation: Monday : The name Monday comes from the Old English Mōnandæg (pronounced [mon.nan.dæg] or [mon.nan.dæj'), meaning "Day of the Moon". This is likely based on a translation of the Latin name Dies Lunae (cf. Romance language versions of the name, e.g., French Lundi , Spanish, Lunes , Romanian Luni , Italian Lunedì ). PowerPoint Presentation: Tuesday Tuesday comes from Tiu or Twi , the old Angola-Saxon form of Tyr, the name of the Norse God of War. PowerPoint Presentation: Tuesday : The name Tuesday comes from the Old English Tiwesdæg (pronounced [ti.wes.dæg] or [ti.wes.dæj], meaning "Try's day." Try (in Old English, Tiw , Tew or Tiu ) was a god of combat and heroic glory in Norse mythology and Germanic paganism. The name of the day is based on Latin Dies Marti's , "Day of Mars" (the Roman war god); compare: French Mardi , Spanish Martes , Romanian Marţi and Italian Martini . PowerPoint Presentation: Wednesday Wednesday is the English name for The fourth day of the week. This day Gets its name from Woden or Odin the Chief god in Teutonic mythology, to Whom it was sacred. At the beginning Of the Christian Era, the Germans Called the day Woden’s-day. Its name Later changed to Wednesday. PowerPoint Presentation: Wednesday : The name Wednesday comes from the Old English Wōdnesdæg (pronounced [woːd.nes.dæg] or [woːd.nes.dæj) meaning the day of the Germanic god Wooden, more commonly known as Odin, who was the highest god in Norse mythology, and a prominent god of the Anglo-Saxons (and other peoples) in England until about the seventh century. It is based on Latin Dies Mercurii , "Day of Mercury"; compare: French Mercredi , Spanish Miércoles , Romanian Miercuri and Italian Mercoledì . The connection between Mercury and Odin is more strained than the other syncretic connections. The usual explanation is that both Odin and Mercury were considered psychopomps, or leaders of souls, in their respective mythologies. Also, in Old Norse myth, Odin, like Mercury, is associated with poetic and musical inspiration. In German, the day is referred to as Mittwoch (mid week). Similarly in Finnish it is referred to as keskiviikko (keski = mid, viikko = week). PowerPoint Presentation: Thursday Thursday is the fifth day of the Week. The ancient Norseman Considered the day sacred to Thor, the Teu	Free Flashcards about Norse Mythology! Wife of Odin; foremost of the goddesses. Has the power of prophecy. Frigga God of Thunder; wields the magic hammer Mjolnir and is often seen riding a chariot pulled by goats. Thor God of light and beauty; father of Forseti. Most-loved of the gods; killed by a dart of mistletoe at the coming of Ragnarok. Baldr God of single-combat and heroic glory; lost a hand to the wolf Fenris in his attempts to shackle the beast successfully. Tyr God of trickery and fire; “father of lies”. Half-giant; father of Fenris, the World Serpent, and Hel. Loki Goddess of love, beauty, and fertility. Sister of Freyr. Nearly forced to marry one-time King of the Frost Giants, Thrymr. Freya God of Agriculture and weather. Often seen with his dwarven-made boar and magic sword. Freyr Guardian of the gods; known for his battle-horn and alertness. Guards the link between Midgard and Asgard, the Bifrost Bridge. Heimdall Goddess of the Underworld; daughter of Loki. Known for refusing to return Baldr’s soul after his death. Hel God of the sea, sea-faring, and the wind. Father of Freyr and Freya. Njord Goddess of winter and cold. Skadi Equivalent of the Greek Fates. The Norns God of justice, peace, and truth. Son of Baldr; known for mediation and peace. Abstained from Ragnarok. Forseti God of poetry and eloquence. Son of Odin. Bragi King and largest of the Frost Giants; one of the first beings of Creation. Ymir a group of giants who live in Votunheim; at war with the Aesir and Vanir (The Norse Gods). Frost Giants Also known as the World Serpent; a serpent that encircles the earth and signals the coming of Ragnarok. Slain by Thor, but kills him with its venom. Jormungard A dragon that lies at the roots of the World Tree, gnawing through Niflheim. Gnaws through the root at the coming of Ragnarok. Niddhogg A giant wolf shackled until Ragnarok by Tyr. Bites off Tyr’s hand as he fastens the shackle. Offspring of Loki. Fenrir The eight-legged horse of Odin. Sleipnir The fallen warriors of Valhalla. Destined to fight at Ragnarok. Einherjar Warrior-maidens who gather the dead and bring them to Valhalla; servants of Odin. Valkyries The two ravens of Odin; represent Thought and Memory. Huginn and Muninn small, stunted beings known for their craftsmanship. Dwarves the Norse Underworld; also known as Hel. Dead souls here are ruled by the goddess Hel. Niflheim Realm of the Aesir (Norse Gods); contains Valhalla. Asgard Realm of the Frost Giants Jotunheim Hall of the Gods in Asgard, where those chosen by Odin to attend Ragnarok feast and fight until the Final Battle. Valhalla Realm of Humans; the Earth. Midgard a rainbow bridge connecting Asgard to Midgard; guarded by Heimdall. Bifrost Bridge Said to be one of the few connections between Niflheim and Midgard. Well of Urd The well of Knowledge. Odin sacrifices an eye to drink from it. Well of Mimir The World Tree. It contains upon it the nine realms. Yggdrasil Realm of the Vanir (Norse gods at odds with the Aesir until they merged) Vanaheim The Final Battle between the forces of good and evil. Loki leads the Frost Giants againt the Aesir and Vanir. All realms, gods, and goddesses perish except for a select few, heralding a New Age. Ragnarok Evil goddess and Mistress of Loki; mother of Fenrir, Jormungard, and Hel Angrboda Most beautiful of the Valkyries; resides on a mountain top ringed in fire until Sigrud saves her; the Subject of Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung Brunhilde The Cosmic Void which separates Niflheim and Muspell Ginnungagap A land of fire and desolation; ruled by Surt the Fire Giant Muspell	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,213	What light display in Antarctica is caused by atomic bombardment from the sun on the earth's magnetic field?	Earth's Magnetic Field - THE SEDONA EFFECT: THE SEDONA EFFECT: 2009 Solar Cycles & Earth's Weakening Magnetic Field If you were thinking that the only things we have to be concerned about include wars, famines and economic crashes, think again. Recent scientific discoveries are indicating that this next solar flare cycle could be powerful enough to disrupt our planet's entire electric grid. In this report I document a number of changes taking place with the Earth's magnetic field, the Sun and our solar system while explaining some of the concerns that today's leading scientists have voiced. I also examine how humankind may be affected energetically. Our Planet's Magnetic Field The magnetosphere is a bubble of magnetism that surrounds the Earth and protects us from solar wind. Fortunately, our planet's magnetic field diverts most particles into a circular path around the Earth. Like weather patterns found on Earth, solar wind patterns can change rapidly. Luckily, our planet's magnetosphere quickly responds to the threat and absorbs the impact, wiggling and jiggling in the process. Geophysicists call this reaction a geomagnetic storm, but because of how it disrupts the Earth's magnetic field it could also be called electromagnetic pollution. This is when we see the Aurora Borealis in our night skies. But strange things are happening in both outer and inner space. The Earth's magnetic field has been weakening. This decrease actually began 2,000 years ago, but the rate of decrease suddenly became much more rapid 500 years ago. However, in the last 20 years or so, the magnetic field has become erratic. Aeronautical maps of the world, which are used to allow aeroplanes to land using automatic pilot systems, have had to be revised globally in order for the autopilot systems to work. Now, NASA's five THEMIS spacecraft have discovered a breach in the Earth's magnetic field that is 10 times larger than anything previously thought to exist. When this happens, solar wind can flow in through the opening to "load up" the magnetosphere for powerful geomagnetic storms. Exploring the mystery is a key goal of the THEMIS mission, launched in February 2007. The big discovery came on 3 June 2007, when the five probes serendipitously flew through the breach just as it was opening. Onboard sensors recorded a torrent of solar wind particles streaming into the magnetosphere, signalling an event of unexpected size and importance. But the breach itself is not the biggest surprise. Researchers are even more amazed and baffled at the unexpected way it forms, overturning longheld ideas of space physics. "At first I didn't believe it," said THEMIS project scientist David Sibeck of the Goddard Space Flight Center. "This finding fundamentally alters our understanding of the solar wind–magnetosphere interaction." "The opening was huge—four times wider than Earth itself," said Wenhui Li, a space physicist at the University of New Hampshire, who has been analyzing the data. Li's colleague Jimmy Raeder, also of the University of New Hampshire, said: "127 particles per second were flowing into the magnetosphere—that's a 1 followed by 27 zeros. This kind of influx is an order of magnitude greater than what we thought was possible." Space physicists have long believed that holes in the Earth's magnetosphere open only in response to solar magnetic fields that point south. The great breach of June 2007, however, opened in response to a solar magnetic field that pointed north. To the layperson this may sound like a quibble, but to a space physicist it is almost seismic. Unexpected Shield Drop Regarding how our magnetic field is changing, what is understood today in the scientific community is that the solar wind presses against the Earth's magnetosphere almost directly above the equator, where our planet's magnetic field points north. Scientists previously believed that if a bundle of solar magnetism came along and pointed north, too, the two fields should reinforce one another, strengthening the Earth's magnetic defences and slamming the door shut on the solar w	Free Flashcards about GK 9 Which science-fiction writer coined the term "cyberspace"? William Gibson What is a male swan known as? Cob What is a female swan known as? Pen Which giant screen film projection system, which gives an enhanced visual impact, has its origins in Montreal's Expo 67? IMAX Which actress was born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, in 1908? Joan Crawford Which military leader poisoned himself in Bithynia in Asia Minor in around 182BCE? Hannibal What is the branch of astronomy that is concerned solely with the moon called? Selenology The mouflon, native to Corsica and Sardinia, is a small, wild form of which animal? Sheep Which religion, founded in 3rdC CE Persia, at its 3rd-7thC height one of the world's biggest, taught an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness? Manichaeism The Loyalty Islands in the Pacific are part of which territory? New Caledonia Which orchestral march by William Walton was first performed at the coronation of King George VI, and was used as the recessional music at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011? Crown Imperial What was the real name of 'Dr Seuss'? Theodore Geisel The sixth labour of Hercules involved defeating what sort of creatures who were destroying the countryside around Lake Stymphalia? Birds The address of which constituent college of the University of London is: Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE? London School of Economics Extending from 500 to 10,000 kilometres above the earth’s surface, what is the uppermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere called – beyond which there is only outer space? Exosphere Which species of cat, with scientific name Acinonyx jubatus, is found in much of Africa, can be known as the hunting leopard, and is unusual among cats in having claws which are not fully retractable? Cheetah At the Academy Awards held in February 2015, Ida became the first film from which nation to win the award for Best Foreign Language Film? Poland What shrub gave its name to the revolution which saw Zine El Abidine Ben Ali overthrown as President of Tunisia in 2011? Jasmine Which musical features numbers including "Gee, Officer Krupke" and "I Feel Pretty"? West Side Story What flower gave its name to the revolution which saw Askar Akayev overthrown as President of Kyrgyzstan in 2005? Tulip What name is given to the Persian language in Afghanistan? Dari How was the Amu Darya river known in Ancient times? Oxus Which mountain range divides the Amu Darya and Indus valleys? Hindu Kush Give a year in the rule of the Achaemenid Empire. 550-330BCE Which large snake-like lake monster said to live in Lake Seljord in Seljord, Telemark, Norway? Selma Which parliament is located in Karasjok, Norway? Sami parliament Which Norwegian figure skater and film star was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies' Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936)? Sonja Henie Johann Koss of Norway won four Winter Olympic golds at what sporting event? Speed skating Who won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships in the period between 1991 and 1999, making him the most successful cross-country skier in history? Bjorn Daehlie Which Dutch city is the home of Rabobank? Utrecht The bulk of the Great Pyramids at Giza are constructed in which stone? Limestone Which Theban king reunited Egypt after the First Intermediate Period and started the Middle Kingdom? Mentuhotep II Which group of "foreign princes" ruled a part of Northern Egypt during the latter Middle Kingdom at the Second Intermediate Period, from their capital at Avaris? Hyksos Which Egyptian deity was god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead? Osiris What two-word term indicated the "life-force" in Ancient Egypt that would be reunited with the soul by the process of mummification? Ka Hatshepshut was the widow of which Egyptian king who preceded her as ruler? Tuthmosis II In which century was Tutankhamun's rule of Egypt? F	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,214	The famous tree inside the boundary at Canterbury cricket ground was blown down in a gale in 2005. What kind of tree was it ?	Wisden - The end of the lime WISDEN 2005 home The end of the lime In the early hours of January 8, 2005, there were widespread storms across Britain, and summer afternoons at Canterbury felt very distant. But at some time in the darkness, Kent's most regular and durable spectator suddenly gave way. The cause of death was technically the howling gale and ganoderma, a heartwood fungus. In truth, it was just old age. No one was about on such a night, and it was dawn before the body was discovered. "To be honest I'd been out in the middle sweeping the square for about 20 minutes when I looked up and thought `Something's missing,'" said the head groundsman, Mike Grantham. It was the lime tree, which had stood guard on the Old Dover Road boundary - at wide mid-wicket or deep backward point - ever since Kent first used the St Lawrence ground in 1847. It was already semi-mature then. It grew in stature, girth and reputation to become the most famous tree in cricket, matched only by Parr's elm at Trent Bridge, which was blown down in 1976. But Parr's Tree was behind the stands. The St Lawrence lime was inside the boundary, and the Laws of Cricket had to be adapted to allow for it. Sir Charles Igglesden in 66 Years' Memories of Kent Cricket (1947) refers to an incident in which a Hampshire batsman was caught off the tree. "Was the batsman out? He was given out as the tree was not the boundary. You can imagine the annoyance of the visiting team and the heated annoyance around the ground." This episode apparently led to the local rule that hitting the tree is neither six nor out, but four. David Robertson, the Kent archivist, assumes this must have been before 1910, when the vague law regarding boundaries began to be tidied up. Robertson's records suggest only three men have ever cleared the tree in first-class cricket: Sir Learie Constantine, playing for the West Indians in 1928, Jim Smith of Middlesex in 1939 and Carl Hooper, on his Kent debut in 1992. But in his book Hit for Six, the historian Gerald Brodribb tells the story of the renowned big-hitter, Colonel A. C. "Jacko" Watson of Sussex, who in 1925 reportedly drove "Tich" Freeman over the lime tree. It then bounced off the inside of a catering van and into the bushes, where it was found next winter with bits of china embedded in it. The fall of the lime was a shock but not a surprise. Kent were aware the tree was ailing; they were also aware of "public liability issues" - what if it fell on the crowd in the middle of a one-day international? - and in 1999 E. W. Swanton planted a sapling close by, ready for this moment. That is now 15ft tall, and Kent were planning to shift it on to the field before the season to replace the fallen sentinel. The old tree is being cut up to provide souvenirs. Some believe it a mistake to replace the old tree. The new lime could be damaged by a full-blooded shot; and, whereas everyone knew the old tree was there, a young one might not be obvious to a fielder, who could end up damaged himself. Others think the legend should be left alone, and that it won't be the same with the new tree. It won't, not for many decades. © Cricinfo	Graeme Hick: I felt like a foreigner in the England dressing-room: Cricket - Telegraph Graeme Hick: I felt like a foreigner in the England dressing-room The sight of workmen dismantling the old pavilion at Worcester yesterday signifies the end of an era. All smiles: Worcestershire and former England batsman Grame Hick Photo: Getty Images By Simon Hughes 8:46PM BST 03 Oct 2008 An era when one man played for the same county for a quarter of a century to amass more runs than practically anyone in history. Despite his dominance he did not do anything funny to his hair or appear on game shows or marry a pop star. He wasn’t tempted by the highest bidder. He just went quietly about his business, exhibiting his immaculate workmanship in an old-fashioned, unassuming way. In the ostentatious, pile-’em-high, sell-’em-dear world of modern cricket, we are unlikely to see Graeme Hick’s like again. The bowlers’ union would have said a quiet, collective prayer of thanks to see Hick’s back view for the last time (at Kidderminster last month). His bat always seemed to be as wide as a barn door, his eye for the boundary and his concentration unwavering. As a relatively passive chap, he didn’t even make you angry. Just helpless. He showed little emotion as he ritually dispatched your best offerings. As a bowler you felt as if your body was being silently dissected, like a boy systematically pulling legs off impaled insects. In 1985, when he had just arrived on the scene, his bat looked attached to his arms and his driving was thunderous. He was not only daunting to bowl to but actually quite dangerous. I contemplated practising a horizontal ducking technique after releasing the ball to make myself as small a target as possible. In the late 1980s Hick was the personification of intimidatory batting. He became slightly less destructive as time went on, but he remains one of the cleanest and longest strikers of a cricket ball ever. Born and raised in Zimbabwe, Hick announced himself with the bat before most kids knew which end to hold. He scored his first century – for Banket Primary School – aged six. “I didn’t do much running,” he remembers. He made another when he was eight and, you could say, he has never looked back. These are the facts: 41,112 first-class runs (including 136 hundreds), 23,260 runs in all one-day cricket (including 42 hundreds). His grand total of 64,372 easily eclipses the Godfather of Willow – Jack Hobbs – whose 61,237 has always been regarded as the pinnacle – but leaves him just short of Graham Gooch (67,057 runs in all top-class cricket) as the most prolific batsman in history. Hick’s statistics are, of course, only half the story. The burning question has always been why he could regularly make mincemeat of county bowlers, but never did it consistently for England. The first part of the answer is simple, as he pointed out sat gazing across the browned Worcester turf, as if scorched by his shots. “I grew up on a tobacco farm in Zimbabwe,” he said. “The first time I walked into the England dressing room was the first time I’d spent a day in the company of all those guys. I didn’t know anyone really. I did feel like a foreigner in the dressing room. “There were one or two who resented me being there and we were competing for places. There was one guy with a good Test record – Allan Lamb – and he wanted to say something but he didn’t know what to say or how to say it because I already had more first-class runs than him.” Problem No?1 – he felt like an outsider. Problem No?2 – expectation. When he was picked for England in 1991 after a seven-year qualification he already had 57 first-class hundreds. That is more than say Ted Dexter, David Gower and Mike Atherton made in their entire careers. Against the marauding West Indian quicks he was the Great White Hope and he hadn’t yet played an international match. It was a huge burden and after four Tests in which Curtly Ambrose, Patrick Patterson, Courtney Walsh and Malcolm Marshall preyed on his upright, rather inflexible forward method, Hick was dropped. “It was the first	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,215	Over which city does the statue of Christ the Redeemer look	About Christ the Redeemer in Rio Brazil - Facts, History, Tickets Price Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil PDF A larger-than-life statue of Jesus Christ perched on the Corcovado Mountain in Rio de Janeiro is inspiring, to say the least. The largest Art Deco statue of Jesus with his arms outstretched gives viewers an impression that the savior of men is keeping a watchful eye over the people of Rio. This 38-m high symbol of peace offers spectacular views of downtown Rio, the bay, Sugarloaf Mountain, Copacabana beach , and Ipanema beach . History Christ the Redeemer The idea of placing a Christian monument on Mount Corcovado (which means Hunchback) first surfaced in the middle of the 1850s to honor Princess Isabel, the daughter of Emperor Pedro II. The very idea of building the statue was shunned in 1889 when Brazil became a republic and the church and state were separated. But the Catholic Circle of Rio de Janeiro recommended building the monument in 1920. Donations from general public were collected to fund the construction of the site. It took nine years to build Christ the Redeemer (1922 to 1931) tourist attraction, which was thrown open to public on October 12, 1931. Things to do In and Around the Christ the Redeemer Statue Besides hiking, one can enjoy Hang Gliding over the wonderful city of Rio. The Tijuca National Forest is the place where you can get bookings done for Hang Gliding. Enjoy the cog train ride through the Tijuca Rainforest to reach the vantage point in the Corcovado Mountain and enjoy breathtaking views of the statue. Nearby Attractions Corcovado Mountain – It’s a granite mountain peak in central Rio with the statue of Christ the Redeemer on top. The mountain is situated within the national park called the Tijuca Forest. A 20-minute ride by Corcovado Rack Railway will get you to the top of the mountain. Guanabara Bay – This oceanic bay in the Southeastern part of Brazil offers a spectacular sight when viewed from a high altitude as it has around 130 small islands that look like dots in the bay. Copacabana Beach – It’s an outstanding confluence of land and sea. Indulge in activities on this long curving beach and watch the football skills being displayed by favela (slum) kids. The beach is sufficiently illuminated at night. Ipanema Beach – The beach, with a long stretch of sand, displays diverse subcultures. It’s a favorite hangout for artists and intellectuals alike. Where is Christ the Redeemer Statue? The Christ the Redeemer statue stands atop Mount Corcovado in Tijuca Forest in central Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. How to Reach Christ the Redeemer? By Air – The Santos Dumont Airport is just 12 km away from the statue and a half-an-hour drive is all what it takes to get there. The Galeao-Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport in Rio de Janeiro is just over 26 km away from the Corcovado Mountain. A drive will take close to an hour. The Jacarepagua-Roberto Marinho Airport is another option. It’s less than 30 km from here. A little longer than an hour’s drive gets you there. By Train – Specially customized train routes are in place to help travelers reach the destination. The Corcovado train station in Cosme Velho and the Riotur kiosque near the Copacabana beach are the hubs from where the trains leave for this heritage destination. By Road – Mount Carcovado is well connected to every part of the city by road. There are specific bus routes operational to take the tourists to this historic site. Accommodations The Mercure Rio De Janeiro Botafogo Hotel and Apa Hotel are preferred budget accommodations. The mid-range hotels located in the vicinity include Hotel Atlantico Copacabana, Hotel Astoria Copacabana, and Mirador Rio Copacabana Hotel. The Rio 180° Boutique Hotel and Mar Palace Copacabana Hotel are meant for high-end travelers. Restaurants Mr. Lam, Rio Scenarium, Confeitaria Colombo, Garota de Ipanema, Sushi Leblon, Bibi Sucos, and Parcao Ipanema, are some of the most famous and popular food joints in Rio de Janeiro. Best Time to Visit in Christ the Redeemer Though the weather in Rio de Jan	Spire of Dublin \| Projects \| Ian Ritchie Architects Ian Ritchie Architects Mies van der Rohe Award: Shortlist (2005) RIBA Award & Stirling Prize: Shortlist (2004) ICE British Construction Industry International Award: Finalist (2003) Related projects Structural Engineer (August 2005) Spire of Dublin In 1999 Ian Ritchie Architects won the international competition for a monument in the centre of Dublin. The monument was the flagship project of a wider improvement of the centre of Ireland’s capital city and replaced Nelson’s Pillar, destroyed by terrorists in 1966. Creating a national monument involved many interested parties, and construction of what is the world’s tallest sculpture was delayed until 2000 because of legal challenges by two other competitors. The Spire was inspired by the ever-changing light and composition of the Irish skies. Ian Ritchie Architects’ practice demonstrates a fascination with light, and in particular the idea of the presence and absence of light, in the way light materialises and dematerialises matter and object, and the way light appears and disappears – its fugitive qualities. The form continues the tradition of standing stones and obelisks. 120 metres high and 3 metres in diameter at the base, the tapering monument rises above O’Connell Street, breaking the roof line with as slender and elegant a movement as is technically possible. During the day its shot-peened surfaces softly reflect the sky and it sways gently in response to the wind. From dusk, the base is gently lit and the tip illuminated to provide a beacon in the night sky over Dublin. The mirror polished pattern on the lowest 10 metres around the Spire’s base was derived from studies of the rock strata beneath the site, overlaid with the double helix of DNA. The Spire slips through a cast-bronze disc flush with the surrounding paving without touching it, allowing the public to stand close and touch the Spire’s surface. The disc incorporates a logarithmic, varying depth spiral profile that follows the original theme of a spire: the past expanding through time into the future. As the base acquires a patina from the Irish climate and the golden polish of human contact, the historical role of bronze in the development of Irish art is carried into the future. The Spire was completed in 2003 in celebration of Ireland’s confident future in the third millennium. Search for	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,216	Which fuel is formed by the fossilization of plants?	DOE - Fossil Energy: How Fossil Fuels Were Formed You are here: Educational Activities > Energy Lessons > Coal-Introduction > Fossil Fuel Formation How Fossil Fuels were Formed Contrary to what many people believe, fossil fuels are not the remains of dead dinosaurs. In fact, most of the fossil fuels we find today were formed millions of years before the first dinosaurs. Formation of Coal Fossil fuels were formed from plants and animals that lived 300 million years ago in primordial swamps and oceans (top). Over time the plants and animals died and decomposed under tons of rock and ancient seas (middle). Eventually, many of the seas receded and left dry land with fossil fuels like coal buried underneath it (bottom). Ten feet of prehistoric plant debris was needed to make one foot of coal. Fossil fuels, however, were once alive! They were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. Think about what the Earth must have looked like 300 million years or so ago. The land masses we live on today were just forming. There were swamps and bogs everywhere. The climate was warmer. Ancient trees and plants grew everywhere. Strange looking animals walked on the land, and just as weird looking fish swam in the rivers and seas. Tiny one-celled organisms called protoplankton floated in the ocean. When these ancient living things died, they decomposed and became buried under layers and layers of mud, rock, and sand. Eventually, hundreds and sometimes thousands of feet of earth covered them. In some areas, the decomposing materials were covered by ancient seas, then the seas dried up and receded. During the millions of years that passed, the dead plants and animals slowly decomposed into organic materials and formed fossil fuels. Different types of fossil fuels were formed depending on what combination of animal and plant debris was present, how long the material was buried, and what conditions of temperature and pressure existed when they were decomposing. For example, oil and natural gas were created from organisms that lived in the water and were buried under ocean or river sediments. Long after the great prehistoric seas and rivers vanished, heat, pressure and bacteria combined to compress and "cook" the organic material under layers of silt. In most areas, a thick liquid called oil formed first, but in deeper, hot regions underground, the cooking process continued until natural gas was formed. Over time, some of this oil and natural gas began working its way upward through the earth's crust until they ran into rock formations called "caprocks" that are dense enough to prevent them from seeping to the surface. It is from under these caprocks that most oil and natural gas is produced today. The same types of forces also created coal, but there are a few differences. Coal formed from the dead remains of trees, ferns and other plants that lived 300 to 400 million years ago. In some areas, such as portions of what-is-now the eastern United States, coal was formed from swamps covered by sea water. The sea water contained a large amount of sulfur, and as the seas dried up, the sulfur was left behind in the coal. Today, scientists are working on ways to take the sulfur out of coal because when coal burns, the sulfur can become an air pollutant. (To find out about these methods, see the section " Cleaning Up Coal .") Some coal deposits, however, were formed from freshwater swamps which had very little sulfur in them. These coal deposits, located largely in the western part of the United States, have much less sulfur in them. All of these fossil fuels have played important roles in providing the energy that every man, woman, and child in the the United States uses. With better technology for finding and using fossil fuels, each can play an equally important role in the future. To read more about these fuels ï¿½ both past and present ï¿½ click on:	Jacques Cartier \| Exploration \| France Jacques Cartier You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 7 to 102 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 106 to 110 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,217	‘He came down to earth from Heaven’ is the first line of the second verse of which Christmas carol?	Nativity Play Musical \| Christmas Pageant Play \| Christmas Carols Lyrics Angels we have heard on high Sweetly singing o'er the plains And the mountains in reply Echoing their joyous strain. G-l-o-o-o-o-r-i-a in excel sis Deo. G-l-o-o-o-o-r-i-a in excel sis Deo. II Why your joyous strains prolong? What the gladsome tidings be Which inspire your joyous song. III Come to Bethlehem , and see Him whose birth the angels sing Come adore on bended knee Christ the Lord, the newborn King. IV See Him in a manger laid Whom the choirs of angels praise Mary, Joseph, lend your aid While our hearts in love we raise. Return to List of Carols Midi File Click music note icon to hear MIDI File (this will open a new browser page, scroll to bottom of page to see MIDI files link) AWAY IN A MANGER Away in a manger, no crib for a bed The little Lord Jesus laid down His sweet head The stars in the bright sky looked down where he lay The little Lord Jesus asleep in the hay. II The cattle are lowing the baby awakes But little Lord Jesus no crying He makes I love Thee Lord Jesus, look down from the sky And stay by my side, until morning is nigh. III Be near me Lord Jesus I ask Thee to stay Close by me for ever and love me I pray Bless all the dear children in Thy tender care And fit us for Heaven to live with Thee there. Bring a torch Jeanette, Isabella Bring a torch, to the cradle run It is Jesus, good folks of the village Christ is born Ah, Ah, beautiful is the Mother. Ah, Ah, beautiful is Her Son. II It is wrong when the Child is sleeping It is wrong to talk so loud Silence, all as you gather around Lest your noise Hush, Hush, s-e-e how fast He slumbers Hush, Hush, s-e-e how fast he sleeps. III Softly to the little stable Softly for a moment come Look and see how bright and charming is Jesus His cheeks are dusky Hush, Hush, see how the Child is sleeping Hush, Hush, see how He smiles in dreams. Come, Come, Come to the manger Children come to the children's King Sing, sing, chorus of Angels Stars of morning o'er Bethlehem sing. I He lies 'mid the beasts of the stall Who is Maker and Lord of us all The wintry wind blows cold and dreary See, He weeps, the world is weary Lord have pity and mercy on me. II He leaves all His glory behind To be born and to die for mankind With grateful beasts, His cradle chooses Thankless man, His love refuses Lord, have pity and mercy on me III To the manger of Bethlehem come To the Savior Emmanuel's home The heavenly hosts above are singing Set the Christmas bells a-ringing Lord, have pity and mercy on me. Said the night wind to the little lamb, do you see what I see Way up in the sky, little lamb, do you see what I see A star, a star, dancing in the night With a tail as big as a kite With a tail as big as a kite I I Said the little lamb to the shepherd boy, do you hear what I hear Ringing through the sky, shepherd boy, do you hear what I hear A song, a song, high above the trees With a voice as big as the sea With a voice as big as the sea I I I Said the shepherd boy to the mighty king, do you know what I know In your palace warm, mighty king, do you know what I know A Child, a Child shivers in the cold Let us bring Him silver and gold Let us bring Him silver and gold I V Said the king to the people everywhere, listen to what I say Pray for peace, people everywhere! listen to what I say The Child, the Child, sleeping in the night He will bring us goodness and light He will bring us goodness and light Come they told me, pa rum pum pum pum A new born King to see, pa rum pum pum pum Our finest gifts we bring, pa rum pum pum pum To lay before the King, pa rum pum pum pum, rum pum pum pum, rum pum pum pum, So, to honor Him, pa rum pum pum pum, When we come. Little Baby, pa rum pum pum pum I am a poor boy too, pa rum pum pum pum I have no gift to bring, pa rum pum pum pum That's fit to give the King, pa rum pum pum pum rum pum pum pum, rum pum pum pum, Shall I play for you, pa rum pum pum pum, On my drum? Mary Nodded, pa rum pum pum pum, The ox and lamb kept time, pa rum pum pum pum I played my drum for Him, pa rum pum pum	Gloucester Cathedral \| Cathedral Choir Gloucester Cathedral Cathedral Choir World class choral music The Cathedral Choir has existed for almost 500 years and is renowned for being one of the best in the world. History Nine centuries ago the boys and monks of the Benedictine Abbey of St Peter, Gloucester, sang for daily worship. Today’s choir stems from that established by Henry VIII in 1539. Present choir The choir consists of 20 boys (choristers) and 12 adults (Lay Clerks and Choral Scholars). The Choristers receive generous scholarships to attend The King’s School , also founded around the same time as the Cathedral by Henry VIII. The Cathedral supports three Choral Scholars and an Organ Scholar to help young people gain experience of the Cathedral music tradition and valuable training prior to them taking up a university place. Adrian Partington, who was himself a Chorister at Worcester Cathedral and Organ Scholar of King’s College Cambridge, was appointed Director of Music in January 2008 with a remit to maintain and develop standards of musical excellence in the worship at the Cathedral. The Assistant Director of Music, Jonathan Hope, accompanies the majority of the Cathedral Services. The choir sings six services each week in term time, major carol services at Advent, Christmas and Epiphany. Once or twice a year the choir sings live on BBC Radio 3, and they regularly take part in concerts with other prestigious choirs and orchestras; the choristers have recently sung in combined concerts with the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra and the Gloucester and Bristol Choral Societies. A CD of Music for Evensong at Gloucester Cathedral, commemorating the start of the “War to end all wars” on 4th August 1914 was released in November 2014, recorded on the Priory label and available in the Cathedral shop. Prior to that, in 2009, the choir made a commercial CD of the music of John Joubert, much of the repertoire being hitherto unrecorded. In addition, two limited edition CDs were recorded: a CD of the music sung during the 2011 tour to South Africa and a live recording of the choristers singing Britten’s Ceremony of Carols. The Outreach work of the Cathedral choir has included: a 12 day tour to South Africa in 2011, a 5 day trip to the twinned diocese of Västerås in Sweden in 2012, three Junior Voices Project Concerts per year and termly visits to Parishes within the Diocese of Gloucester. The choir are also part of the annual Three Choirs Festival , which is the world’s oldest Music Festival dating back to 1715. The Festival is held in Gloucester, Worcester and Hereford in rotation. In 2015 the festival will be held in Hereford and in 2016 in Gloucester. Opening Times	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,218	Which line of dolls, created by American art student Xavier Roberts in 1978, was originally called ‘Little People’?	Cabbage Patch Kids \| Walk Memory Lane Cabbage Patch Kids 1980s , Babyland General Hospital , Cabbage Patch Kids , Coleco , dolls , Fad , Toys , Xavier Roberts Cabbage Patch Kids (originally Coleco, 1982-1988) This line of dolls were created by American art student Xavier Roberts in 1978 and called “Little People.” The original Cabbage Patch Kids were made of all cloth and sold at local craft shows. Later, they were sold at Babyland General Hospital in Cleveland, Georgia. These dolls then went on to become one of the biggest fads of the 1980s and one of the biggest doll franchises. Roger Schlaifer changed the dolls to “Cabbage Patch Kids” when he bought the worldwide licensing rights. In 1982, Schlaifer and his wife Susanne created the backstory for the dolls where each “child” were born in the cabbage patch. Coleco began mass production in 1982. Coleco gave the dolls large, round vinyl (hard plastic) heads and fabric bodies. The dolls were produced in a Gloversville, New York factory until the company went bankrupt in 1989. Hasbro, Mattel, Toys’R’Us and Play Along took turns producing the Cabbage Patch Kids. As of right now, the dolls are produced by Wicked Cool Tools. Cabbage Patch Kids have never been out of production since 1982, though they aren’t remotely as popular now. Cabbage Patch Kids weren’t just dolls, they had books, movies/TV series, board games, albums. You name it, the Cabbage Patch Kids were all over it. They were everywhere in the 80s! Share this:	1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? - Liverpool Echo News 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? 3. For which series of films were the actors Kenneth Williams and Sid James best known? 4. What is the name given to the largest bee in a hive? 5. Which alternative word for the Devil is a Hebrew word with translates as “Lord Of The Flies”? 6. On which TV island might you have found actor Ricardo Montalban? 7. Mozart’s opera, which was a continuation of The Barber Of Seville, was called The Marriage Of . . . who? 8. What is the nearest planet to the Sun? 9. What was the name of the road sweeper played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools And Horses? 10. What connects the answers above? 11. What was the nickname of the first Spice Girl to go solo? 12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay? 13. Which two actors were nominated for best actor awards at the Oscars in 1991, both for playing wheelchair-bound characters? 14. How is Eldrick Woods better known? 15. Who did Iain Duncan Smith beat in September, 2001, to become the leader of the Conservative Party? 16. Who was the main villain in the cartoon Wacky Races? 17. When the band Hear‘say formed, who was the oldest member at 24? 18. What is the name of the third book of the Bible? 19. What was advertised with Eva Herzagovia using the slogan “hello boys”? 20. Which model gave birth to her daughter, Lola, in September, 2002? 21. “All children, except one, grow up” is the opening line from which famous story? 22. How are Fizz, Milo, Jake and Bella better known collectively? 23. What number on the Beaufort Scale represents a hurricane? 24. In which film did Jodie Foster play a character called Tallulah? 25. What is pathophobia the fear of? 26. What was the title of the TV show Bonanza changed to? 27. What mountain range is the natural habitat of the llama? 28. What nationality was scientist Marie Curie? 29. Who played the title role in the TV series Worzel Gummidge? 30. Which toy was originally called the Pluto Platter when it was first introduced in 1957? 1. Mama Mia; 2. Galileo; 3. Carry On; 4. Queen; 5. Beelzebub; 6. Fantasy; 7. Figaro; 8. Mercury; 9. Trigger; 10. The song Bohemian Rhapsody; 11. Ginger Spice; 12. 400m; 13. Tom Cruise (for Born On The Fourth Of July) and Daniel Day-Lewis (for My Left Foot); 14. Tiger Woods; 15. Ken Clarke; 16. Dick Dastardly; 17. Kym Marsh; 18. Leviticus; 19. The Wonderbra; 20. Kate Moss; 21. Peter Pan; 22. The Tweenies; 23. 12; 24. Bugsy Malone; 25. Illness; 26. Ponderosa; 27. Andes; 28. Polish; 29. Jon Pertwee; 30. Frisbee Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,219	Which Australian town, now a city, was bombed by the Japanese in February 1942?	The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia \| australia.gov.au The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia Women in action The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia Merchant vessels Barossa and Neptuna burning in Darwin Harbour near the jetty after receiving direct hits during the first Japanese air raid on 19 February 1942. SS Neptuna later exploded and sank while the Barossa was towed clear of the explosion and was later salvaged. Photograph courtesy of A Oliver and the Australian War Memorial: P02759.011. During the Second World War, the Japanese flew 64 raids on Darwin and 33 raids on other targets in Northern Australia. On 19 February 1942, 188 Japanese planes were launched against Darwin, whose harbour was full of Allied ships. It was the largest Japanese attack since Pearl Harbour, 7 December 1941, and followed a reconnaissance flight on 10 February 1942. On that day there were 27 Allied ships in the harbour and approximately 30 aircraft at the Darwin Civil and RAAF airfields. The USS Houston convoy departed Darwin on 15 February 1942, followed by a Japanese flying boat which later engaged in an air strike. The USS Peary returned to Darwin on 19 February after an encounter with a possible Japanese submarine. On 19 February 1942 there were 46 ships packed into Darwin Harbour. From the first raid on 19 February 1942 until the last on 12 November 1943, Australia and its allies lost about 900 people, 77 aircraft and several ships. Many military and civilian facilities were destroyed. The Japanese lost about 131 aircraft in total during the attacks. At the time, there were many rumours alluding to the Australian Government's suppression of information about the bombings - it was thought that reports of casualties were intentionally diminished to maintain national morale. Local sources estimated that between 900 and 1100 people were killed. For many years, government censorship limited coverage of the event to protect public morale in the southern states of Australia. What led to the attacks? During the 1930s, Japan invaded and occupied large parts of China. By 1941 Japan also controlled Indochina (a federation of French colonies and protectorates in South East Asia). In December 1941, Japan bombed the Americans at Pearl Harbour and entered the Second World War. Within ten weeks, Japan controlled Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore and the Australian territory of New Britain (Rabaul). Darwin 1943, members of an RAAF Spitfire squadron race to their planes for an interception flight against Japanese raiders. Photograph courtesy of the Australian War Memorial: 014491. Darwin, the largest town in the north of Australia, was a key defensive position against an aggressive Japan. Australia developed Darwin's military ports and airfields, built coastal batteries and anti-aircraft guns and steadily enlarged its garrison of troops. Darwin was seen as a key port for the Allied ships, planes and forces defending the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia and East Timor). Defences were planned, and an anti-submarine boom net was constructed across Darwin Harbour. The net, supported by floatation buoys, was six kilometres long – the longest floating net in the world. Warning of approaching ships or submarines was given by submarine indicator loops that lay on the seabed and ASDIC (sonar) devices fitted to ships. At the time many Australians believed that the Japanese planned to invade Australia. Many experts today, however, believe that the Japanese plan was to wipe out as much of Australia's and the Allied Forces air and sea defence in order to gain control of the resource rich countries of South East Asia and establish strong defences against any counter-attacks from the USA, Australia and any European powers in the region. Official evacuation, 16 December 1941–15 February 1942 On 16 December 1941 an official order was issued by the Administrator to evacuate women and children from Darwin. The evacuation was primarily organised by the A.R.P. (Air Raid Precautions) with assistance from Poli	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 7 \| 1941: Japanese planes bomb Pearl Harbor Search ON THIS DAY by date About This Site \| Text Only 1941: Japanese planes bomb Pearl Harbor Japan has launched a surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and has declared war on Britain and the United States. The US president, Franklin D Roosevelt, has mobilised all his forces and is poised to declare war on Japan. Details of the attack in Hawaii are scarce but initial reports say Japanese bombers and torpedo-carrying planes targeted warships, aircraft and military installations in Pearl Harbor, on Oahu, the third largest and chief island of Hawaii. News of the daring raid has shocked members of Congress at a time when Japanese officials in Washington were still negotiating with US Secretary of State Cordell Hull on lifting US sanctions imposed after continuing Japanese aggression against China. He remembered that moment [Pearl Harbor] in later years as the end of one existence and the beginning of another At 0755 local time the first wave of between 50 and 150 planes struck the naval base for 35 minutes causing several fires and "untold damage" to the Pacific Fleet. The Japanese squadrons dropped high-explosive and incendiary bombs. A second strike followed at about 0900 when a force of at least 100 planes pounded the base for an hour. At least two Japanese airplanes have been shot down but it is reported that at least 350 men were killed by one single bomb at the Hickam Army Air Field, an Air Corps post on Oahu. Officials announced a further 104 Army personnel were killed and 300 were wounded in the raid. It is believed the attack was launched from two aircraft carriers. One radio report says US forces downed six Japanese planes and sunk four submarines. There are reports the Hawaiian capital Honolulu was also bombed as well as the Pacific island of Guam and the capital of the Philippines, Manila. A British gunboat, the Peterel, has also been sunk at Shanghai in China. Reports from Singapore suggest a build-up of Japanese warships in the South China Sea and seem to be headed for the Gulf of Siam, towards Bangkok. President Roosevelt is working on a message to Congress tomorrow in which he is expected to ask for a declaration of war with Japan. The Times newspaper's Washington correspondent says the US Government expects Germany and Italy to declare war on the US within hours. Although the attack has shocked the American people there is little doubt that it had been brewing for some years. Relations with the United States have deteriorated since 1931 when Japan occupied Manchuria in northern China. Over the last decade conflict has intensified into a full-scale war between Japan and China. Last year, the US imposed trade sanctions on Japan. Then in September 1940 Japan signed a Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. It became a formal member of the Axis alliance fighting the European war but continued to negotiate with America for trade concessions until today. Japan's fury over the embargoes and allied support for China prompted a declaration of war.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,220	Which company is responsible for "The Gun that Won the West"?	The Winchester Repeating Rifle, The Gun That Won The West The Gun That Won The West 1873 Winchester Repeating Rifles Well over 100 years ago the Winchester repeating rifle was introduced to the world. The final evolution of a rifle started in 1848 when the concept of a repeating firearm was developed by Walter Hunt, who designed and manufactured the "Rocket Ball and Volition Repeater". A lever acting, tube loading repeater. His partner George Arrowsmith and a machinist named Lewis Jennings improved on the original design and were granted a US Patent in 1849. Many people were involved at the time, all of whom improved on the original design. Most notable was Benjamin Tyler Henry, the foreman of then investor Courtland Palmer. Henry would eventually have his name attached to one of the first profitable incarnations of the original design. Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson of handgun fame even had a go at the development. Smith, Wesson and Henry formed the "Volcanic Arms Company" to produce and market the final design in 1855. An investor at that time was Oliver F. Winchester. A man with no knowledge of firearms, actually being more conversant with sewing machines than firearms. But, as a shrewd investor, by 1857 he owned the majority of stock in Volcanic Arms. Shown below are the Winchester Rifle Model 1873 (top) in 32-20 caliber and a Model 94 Carbine (bottom) in 30-30 caliber. The 1873 was not the first bearing the Winchester name. But, because of its popularity it was nicknamed "The Gun That Won The West". Anyway, back to the story... The next and probably most important development was the .44 caliber rim fire cartridge. This made a repeating rifle's power equivalent to the current single shot rifles. By this time the repeating rifles were marketed by the New Haven Arms Company, but were actually designed wholly by Henry. They all bore the inscription "NEW HAVEN CONN. PATENT FEB 14 1854". They were still Volcanic Arms rifles at that time. The New Haven Arms Company made about 13,500 rifles which came officially to be known as Henry rifles. They were an improvement of the Volcanic design. Of that most were brass frames. Both the Volcanic and Henry rifles made by New Haven are valuable collector items. One can expect near $20,000 (or more) for one in VG shape. As an aside, the most popular caliber appeared to be .38 for these. In 1866 the name was officially changed to Winchester Repeating Arms Company and was entirely owned by Winchester. It follows that the first real Winchester should be the Model 1866. The major change from the old gun was the incorporation of a totally round magazine tube. Winchester's plant foreman of the day Nelson King designed it to replace the slotted tube design. Now dirt no longer got into the works and the reliability of the gun went up considerably. In those days the frames were made of brass. Eventually the frames were made in iron, and the model number 1867 was assigned to some of them. Steel was used in 1884. The named stamped incorporated "KING'S PATENT" to signify the change. My Model 1873 is an example of the early Winchester at it's greatest popularity. It was manufactured in many calibers, but the most favoured was the .44-40. This was a center fire cartridge used in the early Colt revolver. So it was only necessary to pack one type of ammunition. .38-40 was offered in 1879 and .32-20 in 1882. Mine is the latter, and it was made in 1882. As well some were made in .22 rimfire. But by far the most popular was the .44. Round on the left is 32-20 for 1873, on right is 30-30 for 1894. Lately I have had a lot of requests about the availability of ammunition for older Winchester Rifles. My first caution is to be aware that all the rifles up to the model 94 used black powder. 32-20 Pistol ammunition is available, and fits the 73 perfectly. More is mentioned later on that subject. However, be aware that the load is smokeless, not black. I have fired them, but still do not feel comfortable doing so. I prefer to pop the bullet and reload with black powder. But, do not be tempted to fill the car	View All Photos (10) Movie Info In the last and the best installment of his so-called "Dollars" trilogy of Sergio Leone-directed "spaghetti westerns," Clint Eastwood reprised the role of a taciturn, enigmatic loner. Here he searches for a cache of stolen gold against rivals the Bad (Lee Van Cleef), a ruthless bounty hunter, and the Ugly (Eli Wallach), a Mexican bandit. Though dubbed "the Good," Eastwood's character is not much better than his opponents -- he is just smarter and shoots faster. The film's title reveals its ironic attitude toward the canonized heroes of the classical western. "The real West was the world of violence, fear, and brutal instincts," claimed Leone. "In pursuit of profit there is no such thing as good and evil, generosity or deviousness; everything depends on chance, and not the best wins but the luckiest." Immensely entertaining and beautifully shot in Techniscope by Tonino Delli Colli, the movie is a virtually definitive "spaghetti western," rivaled only by Leone's own Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). The main musical theme by Ennio Morricone hit #1 on the British pop charts. Originally released in Italy at 177 minutes, the movie was later cut for its international release. ~ Yuri German, Rovi Rating:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,221	Which Olympian, was the first person to carry the Olympic torch when it came to the UK in May 2012	Olympics 2012 torch route: Olympic legend Daley Thompson carries the torch in front of thousands of fans \| Daily Mail Online comments Daley Thompson beamed as he lit the Olympic cauldron tonight as the final torchbearer of the day at Alexandra Palace. But perhaps his wide smile was because he was envisaging lighting it again two days later at the London 2012 opening ceremony as one of the British greats in the frame for the honour. The double-gold winning decathlete is currently locked in a war of words with Sir Steve Redgrave about who deserves the role. Daley Thompson implied that rowing was much easier than his own specialism of track and field, adding that Sir Steve was ‘not in the same class’ as his friend Sebastian Coe. Scroll down for video Proud: Daley Thompson beamed as he lit the Olympic couldron tonight as the final torchbearer of the day at Alexandra Palace Day 68: Daley Thompson was the 8,000th person to carry the Olympic flame since his fellow gold medallist Ben Ainslie began the relay at Land's End, on 19 May Battle: The double-gold winning decathlete is currently locked in a war of words with Sir Steve Redgrave about who deserves the honour of lighting the Olympic cauldron It was a return to the past for Thompson who used to train near to Alexandra Palace, with his friend, London 2012 chairman and former runner Seb Coe, at Haringey Athletic Club in the 1980s. Thompson was the first person ever to hold the world, Olympic, Commonwealth and European decathlon titles at the same time, as well as the world record. It emerged that Lord Coe has been pushing for his long-time friend Thompson to do the honours on July 27, over the bookies’ favourite Sir Steve. When asked about any rivalry between Lord Coe and Sir Steve, Thompson said: ‘Why would there be rivalry? In my opinion Sebastian Coe is the second greatest Olympian, after myself. ‘Steve Redgrave is not in the same class as Seb Coe. He is a rower, but I think track and field is the toughest sport in the Olympics, which means the rewards are greater. Gordon Banks, the legendary goalkeeper who helped England to their 1966 World Cup triumph, with the Olympic flame outside Wembley Stadium this morning There were clear blue skies overhead as Banks set off on his leg of the torch relay outside Wembley Stadium, cheered on by hundreds of volunteers and well-wishers Banks, 74, looked delighted to take his turn carrying the Olympic flame as it passed Wembley Stadium, one of the football venues in the Games In an article in the Evening Standard newspaper two weeks ago, Sir Steve wrote: ‘Obviously, Daley was a great athlete. Some people, Seb Coe included, think he’s the best athlete ever. 'My personal view is that he doesn’t make the top five of great British Olympians.' Thompson was the 8,000th person to carry the Olympic flame since his fellow gold medallist Ben Ainslie began the relay at Land's End, on 19 May. Earlier in the day the Olympic torch was in safe hands as it was carried by England goalkeeping legend Gordon Banks at the scene of his greatest triumph. Banks, 74, was cheered by huge crowds as he ran with the flame outside Wembley Stadium, scene of England's 1966 World Cup victory, on the 68th day of the torch relay. Harry Potter star Rupert Grint and former decathlete champion Daley Thompson are among 152 other torchbearers today as the flame makes it way across north London from Harrow to Harringey. The flame got the royal seal of approval when it was greeted by Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall in Tottenham. Starting its day at Headstone Manor, a moated country house in Harrow which used to be the home of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the torch arrived at Wembley Arena shortly after 11.30am. There it was carried by recently-retired badminton champion and Olympic silver medallist Nathan Robertson, 35, one of the most decorated mixed doubles player in the history of English badminton. From Wembley Arena the torch was carried to one of the world’s most iconic football venues, Wembley Stadium, where Gordon Banks grasped it	Road to the Olympics: Ten Olympians to watch - Road to the Olympics: Ten Olympians to watch - CBS News Lauren Moraski May 29, 2012, 10:10 AM Road to the Olympics: Ten Olympians to watch Next Jamaican gold medallist Usain Bolt gestures during the awards ceremony for the men's 200 metres at the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships in Daegu on September 4, 2011. AFP PHOTO / KIM JAE-HWAN (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) KIM JAE-HWAN This is one of a weekly series of stories, called Road to the Olympics, that will focus on different aspects of the preparations for the Summer Games in London. (CBS News) This summer, while athletes have their eyes on Olympic gold, viewers at home will have their eyes on the athletes. People around the world will watch as Olympians compete for bragging rights, records and medals in their respective sports when the London Games kick off in July. Special Section: London 2012 Summer Olympics We've compiled a list, in no particular order, of althetes to watch this year, representing different countries and excelling in various sports. Some names you'll already know. Others are new faces. But they all are ones viewers should keep an eye on. Keep clicking to see our 10 Olympians to watch. Road to the Olympics: Ten Olympians to watch Jamaican gold medallist Usain Bolt gestures during the awards ceremony for the men's 200 metres at the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships in Daegu on September 4, 2011. AFP PHOTO / KIM JAE-HWAN (Photo credit should read KIM JAE-HWAN/AFP/Getty Images) KIM JAE-HWAN Usain Bolt Standing at 6'5" and weighing 207 pounds, the Jamaica-born Usain Bolt caught the world by storm after winning three gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. He became the first man in Olympic history to win both the 100-meter and 200-meter races in world record times. Since the age 14, Bolt had been winning regional championships in western Jamaica, as well as national meets in the Caribbean. Ever since accomplishing those feats, Bolt, 25, has had his fair share of successes. In 2007, he broke Jamaica's 200-meter record of more than 30 years, held by the Donald Quarri. Considered the "world's fastest man," Bolt is setting his sights on another Olympic win at the 2012 games in London. Bolt is so serious about the upcoming competition that in May, he reportedly split from Slovakian fashion designer Lubica Slovak so he could concentrate on the games, reports the Jamaican Star and New York Post. In March, he was photographed "racing" Prince Harry during the British royal's visit to Jamaica: Road to the Olympics: Ten Olympians to watch Russia's gold medal winner Yelena Isinbayeva celebrates with a national flag after winning the women's pole vault final at the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Athletics Championships at the Atakoy Athletics Arena in Istanbul on March 11, 2012. AFP PHOTO / ADRIAN DENNIS (Photo credit should read ADRIAN DENNIS/AFP/Getty Images) ADRIAN DENNIS Yelena Isinbayeva Yelena Isinbayeva, a pole vault champ from Russia, has set 27 world records - 15 outdoor and 12 indoor. She's won nine straight gold medals in indoor and outdoor championships since 2004. She set her first world record of 4.82 meters in Gateshead, England, in 2003. Women's pole vault became an Olympic event at the Sydney Games in 2000. Four years later, Isinbayeva went on to win an Olympic gold in Athens and then again in the Beijing 2008 games. If she wins in London, Isinbayeva, 29, will become the first female track and field athlete to score gold at three consecutive Olympic Games. She recently threw her support behind UNICEF, explaining on her website that she wanted to help out young people who aren't as fortunate as she has been. "I am so happy to be back to competition and able to break new records. Like many of you I have been very saddened by tragic events affecting our youths recently, and they are very much in my mind when I train and throughout my day," she explained . "If I perform so well toda	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,222	Edward Bear is the alternative name for which character from children’s literature?	Bears in Literature Bears in Literature Bears in Literature Bears featured as central characters in Celtic and Northern European tales for thousands of years (they also featured in Native American tales). European folk tales reformatted those old tales for more recent audiences. And Aesop used bears in his fables. But, unlike other animals — dogs , horses, cats , foxes — bears as central fictional characters arrived later on the literary scene. While Sir Charles G D Roberts , who created the Realistic Animal Story , wrote about wild animals of the Canadian Northwoods in the late 19th Century, his bears were true-to-the-wild depictions. At the same time, Kipling gave the world his talking animal character, Baloo… On the whole, bears didn’t arrive in animal fiction until the 20th Century. Some where real animals — Civilized Bears — some were living teddy bears . They were all beloved characters. Most Famous Bears in Literature Children’s fiction (Kidlit) has been replete with fantastic stories of bears , who transcend their animal status and become actual ‘persons’ who the children can easily relate to. Each new generation has grown up on a steady diet of bear tales and handed down the ‘bear’ legacy to their children, and they to their children. So much so that even now, bear stories and characters continue to be among the all-time favourite bedtime stories of children around the world. Here are some of the all-time favourite bears from children’s literature: 1. Bears in children’s stories Who can forget Goldilocks and the Three Bears ? Mama Bear, Papa Bear and Baby Bear. This children’s story gained popularity when it appeared as a narrative by English author and poet Robert Southey — first published under the title “Story of the Three Bears ,” in a volume of his writings in 1837 called THE DOCTOR. In Southey’s version, the intruding human was an old woman with no name. In later retellings the woman was called Silver Hair. By the late 1800’s, the intruder was a young girl named Golden Hair and, finally, Goldilocks. In every version, the bears were the victims of a thieving, destructive human, who runs away when discovered. And then came Baloo. Baloo was the “sleepy old sloth bear” who helped teach the human boy Mowgli the laws of the jungle in THE JUNGLE BOOK, written by Rudyard Kipling and first published in 1894. 2. Winnie-the-Pooh Winnie-the-Pooh, commonly known as Pooh Bear or simply Pooh (and also referred to as Edward Bear), is perhaps one of the most famous of all fictional bears . The creation of A A Milne, Winnie-the-Pooh was named after a teddy bear owned by Milne’s own son, Christopher. Christopher Robin Milne had named his toy bear after Winnie, a black bear the boy was very fond of at the London Zoological Gardens. The tame bear had been left at the zoo by a Canadian soldier during the First World War, who had to go on to the Front. “Winnie” was named for Lieutenant Harry Colebourn’s home town of Winnipeg, Manitoba. “Pooh” was a swan Christopher had met while on holiday. The first book was WINNIE-THE-POOH, published in 1926. It was followed by THE HOUSE AT POOH CORNER and the worldwide best selling series was launched. The stories of the Bear of Little Brain have been translated into several languages, including a Latin translation, Winnie ille Pu, by Alexander Lenard. It is the only Latin book ever to have been featured on the New York Times Best Seller List. 3. Paddington Bear A classic character in children’s literature, Paddington Bear has been casting his spell over children of all ages since he was first created by a British writer, Michael Bond, in 1958. This adorable little bear is actually an immigrant who hailed from Darkest Peru. He hid himself on the lifeboat of a ship and arrived in England, as advised by his Aunt Lucy who had reared him so far. This polite bear immediately entrenched himself in his young readers’ minds with his old hat, battered suitcase, duffle coat and love of marmalade sandwiches. Although he attracted trouble, he also had an almost-human sense of rig	A Point of View: The grown-ups with teddy bears - BBC News A Point of View: The grown-ups with teddy bears 1 February 2013 Close share panel The historian David Cannadine considers the enduring appeal of teddy bears for both children and adults. A few days ago, I read the obituary of an extraordinary man named Sir Robert Clark, who'd been born in 1924. During World War II, he was recruited to Churchill's Special Operations Executive , and he was later parachuted behind enemy lines in Italy, where he was captured and incarcerated as a prisoner of war. Thereafter, having been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, he became a major figure in the City of London, and the British government often called on him for advice. He was remembered by one colleague as being "a wonderful man, as clever as could be, but very humble with it". Behind his facade of urbane charm and unfailing politeness, there was a strong will and steely nature. He used to sit inside my battledress Sir Robert Clark on Falla More on Sir Robert Sir Robert Clark died in January this year in his late 80s, and when reading his obituary I was particularly struck to notice that at the age of two, which must have been in 1926, he'd been given a teddy bear that he called Falla. Throughout Clark's long and varied career, Falla accompanied him everywhere, even when he was parachuted into enemy territory, and while he was a prisoner of war. Perhaps in gratitude for Falla's unfailing loyalty, Sir Robert Clark later became an ardent collector of teddy bears, eventually accumulating more than 300 of them. But such a story of lifelong devotion between man and bear is by no means unique. John Betjeman adored his childhood teddy, whom he named Archibald Ormsby-Gore, and Archie later became the model for Aloysius, who was owned by Lord Sebastian Flyte, in Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited. But although we take teddies for granted today, as the stuffed animals of choice in both fact and fiction, they've only been an integral part of childhood - and also in many cases of adulthood, too - since the early years of the 20th Century. And for that, we have to thank the American President, Theodore Roosevelt, who was known as Teddy, and after whom stuffed bears have ever since been named. Find out more A Point of View is on Fridays on Radio 4 at 20:50 GMT and repeated Sundays, 08:50 GMT David Cannadine is a British historian, author and professor of history at Princeton University Four Thought podcast In 1902, which was only a generation before Robert Clark was born, Roosevelt went on a bear-hunting trip in the state of Mississippi, at the invitation of the governor. One day, after a long, exhausting chase, some of Roosevelt's friends cornered an American black bear, which they tied to a willow tree, and they called upon the President to shoot it. But Roosevelt deemed such a request unsporting, and this episode was later immortalized in a political cartoon by Clifford Berryman published in the Washington Post. Quite by chance, Berryman's cartoon was noticed by a Russian Jewish immigrant to America named Morris Michtom, who by day sold candy in his store in Brooklyn, while by night making stuffed animals with his wife Rose. Thus inspired, Michtom duly created a stuffed bear cub, and he put it in his shop window, accompanied by a sign that read "Teddy's bear", having already sent an earlier version to Roosevelt, who promptly gave him permission to use his name. The new toy was an immediate success, and the sale of teddies was soon so brisk that Michtom went on to establish the Ideal Novelty and Toy Company. At almost the same time, and apparently by entire coincidence, stuffed bears were also being introduced to Germany, where they were first manufactured by Margarete Steiff, who'd been making soft toys since the 1880s, and who'd recently been joined in the business by her nephew Richard. It was Richard Steiff who created his own version of the teddy, which he exhibited at the Leipzig Toy Fair in 1903. His bear was also an instant hit, and soon the Steiffs were exporting thousan	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,223	Who was the first professional footballer to be knighted?	BBC News \| FOOTBALL \| The first gentleman of soccer Wednesday, 23 February, 2000, 19:50 GMT The first gentleman of soccer Sir Stanley played his last match aged 50 Sir Stanley Matthews - the first professional footballer to be knighted - was the most renowned player of modern times. His professional career covered 34 years; when he retired in 1965 -aged 50 - he had made nearly 700 League appearances for Stoke City and Blackpool and played for England 56 times. As an outside-right he was without compare. A thin, frail-looking man, he had a marvellous sense of balance and timing; his sudden bursts of speed over 20 yards or so was one of the wonders of the game, and earned him the nickname "the wizard of dribble". His passing was extraordinarily accurate, and he was not so much a scorer as a creator of goals for others. Moreover, his sportsmanship was exemplary, and he was often referred to as "the first gentleman of soccer". It was said Matthews' presence in a team could add 10,000 to away gates. Stanley Matthews: "Wizard of dribble" The son of a professional feather-weight boxer, Stanley Matthews was born near Stoke-on-Trent, in the Potteries, and joined Stoke City straight from school at the age of fourteen. In 1932 he became a full-time professional, and two years later played for England in a full international for the first time. In 1947, after war service in the RAF, he left Stoke City, and joined Blackpool Football Club, with which he stayed for 14 years. It was during this period that he achieved his greatest triumph in what became known as "the Matthews Cup Final" of 1953, paving the way for Blackpool's last-minute victory against Bolton Wanderers. He played his last international - against Scotland - in 1957, and in the same year was made a CBE. Clean slate Matthews rejoined Stoke City in 1961, when they were near the bottom of the second division. The team was transformed, gates rose from 9,000 to 36,000 and the following year they were promoted. The player was knighted in 1964, and played his last game in 1965, five days after his 50th birthday. Reflecting his reputation for fair play, Matthews did not receive a single booking during his long career. Great players from all over Europe - men like Yashin, di Stefano, Masopust and Schnellinger -came to Stoke to take part in his testimonial match on 28th April. Sir Stanley went on to play in many exhibition games at home and abroad, and he became general manager of another club in the Potteries - Port Vale. But the Club never got out of the Fourth Division, and in 1968 it was fined and expelled from the Football League for contravening Association and League regulations. Sir Stanley resigned, and later made his home in Malta, where he became coach of a local team. Honourary degree In 1974 he was coaching a team of Bantu players in South Africa. In 1982 he went to live in Ontario in Canada, where he continued to coach and play occasionally in charity matches. He still returned regularly to Soweto, as well as going to coach in the United States and Australia. In June 1987 it was announced that Sir Stanley would receive the 1986 International Pierre de Coubertin Trophy, and in July 1987 he was awarded an honorary Master's degree by Keele University. Shortly afterwards he returned to live on the outskirts of Stoke. He handed over most of his memorabilia to decorate the walls of a restaurant at the football club. In November 1989 he became President of Stoke City. Sir Stanley married twice. His first marriage, from which he had a son and a daughter, was dissolved in 1975. He remarried the same year. Search BBC News Online	Football's Hard Men: A Who's Who of the Hardest Men in Soccer \| Bleacher Report Football's Hard Men: A Who's Who of the Hardest Men in Soccer By Willie Gannon , Senior Writer Mar 8, 2009 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow 19.2K 52 Comments The beautiful game...Over the years football has had its fair share of memorable characters. Great players, great managers, legends...One can remember moments that seem to stick in the recesses of the mind. Diego Maradona dribbling from the half way line against England. Marco Tardelli wheeling away with tears in his eyes after he scored in the World Cup final. Pele and Moore swapping jerseys. There are many moments in the sport we love. But one thing that is as remembered as a great goal is a great tackle, and sometimes a bad tackle. Here is a celebration of some of the hardest, dirtiest, and toughest players ever to play the game. First up is Terry Butcher as pictured above. Next » Nobby Stiles (Manchester United & England) Little Nobby was one of the greatest man markers ever to play in England. A consummate professional who was as loved by his own team as he was feared by opponents. The ultimate team player who was utilised to his full ability by both Alf Ramsay and Matt Busby. It's fair to say that neither of their great teams would have operated without the hardest Norbert in the world. Next » Joe Jordan (Leeds United & Scotland) One of the most feared strikers in his day. The toothless Joe Jordan struck fear into the hearts of defenders all over the world. In a career that also took in Manchester United and AC Milan, this hard man had the skills to back up his ferocious reputation. He is one of only two Scottish players to have scored in three World Cups, Kenny Dalglish being the other. Next » Bert Trautmann (Manchester City) The German war hero was captured by British forces during the war and was sent to a prisoner of war camp in Lancashire. When the war ended, he decided to stay in England and it was not long before Manchester City took notice of the German's impressive goalkeeping skills. Rated as one of the best 'keepers ever to play in Britain, Trautmann is probably most famous for playing on with a broken neck in the 1956 FA Cup final. The above photo shows his team mates helping him to the famous Wembley steps where he collected his winners medal, in a man of the match performance. Next » Ron "Chopper" Harris (Chelsea & England) For almost 20 years Ron Harris made the Chelsea back line one of the most feared in English football. This tough tackling captain was the youngest ever captain to lead his team out in an FA Cup Final in 1967 at 22 years of age. Famous for his scything late tackles, Ron led Chelsea into the Battle of Wembley in 1970, where they faced an uncompromising Leeds United. Still loved at Chelsea for his exploits the Chopper also holds the record for the most amount of matches at the club, an impressive 655 games. Not bad for someone who played through the '60s and '70s. Next » Tommy Smith (Liverpool) The player known as "Anfield Iron" was so hard that Bill Shankly once said, "Tommy Smith wasn't born; he was quarried." One of the prime reasons for Liverpool's dominance in the '70s was Tommy Smith. In an era where fire was fought with fire Smith epitomises the image of a hard man. He was as tough as they came. Next » Norman Hunter (Leeds United & England) Norman "Bite Yer Legs" Hunter was of the "Thou shalt not past" school of football. Don Revie built a team in the early '70's that still give players nightmares today. Hunter wasn't even the toughest or dirtiest player at Leeds during this period, so it really tells you something if that was his nickname. Next » Antonio Rattin (Boca Juniors & Argentina) The Argentinian captain is most famous on this side of the water for being sent off for his constant interfering with the referee during their war of attrition with England in the 1966 World Cup. A player once described as being "as violent with his tongue as he is with his boots," Rattin is a tough tackling South American with the flair to c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,224	The dish Apple Charlotte is said to be named after whose wife?	A Taste of History with Joyce White: Apple Charlotte: Historical Food Fortnightly Challenge 11 Challenge 11. Foods Named After People October 19 - November 1 Beef Wellington? Charlotte Russe? Choose a dish named after a person, either fictional or real, to create. Bonus points if you tell us about the link between the person and the dish! The Recipe: Charlotte A Charlotte is a moulded dessert that consists of a vessel of buttered bread with a fruit filling. The earliest reference to an English Charlotte is 1796 as referenced by the Oxford English Dictionary. The name probably comes from Queen Charlotte who was the wife of King George III. She was said to be a patron of apple growers. Antonin Careme, chef de cuisine to King George IV, is said to have made a version of this dessert with a cream filling instead of a stewed fruit filling in the early 19th century; he called it Charlotte Russe. Charlotte Mary Randolph, The Virginia Housewife. 1824 edition. Stew any kind of fruit, and season it in any way you like best; fry some slices of bread in butter, put them while hot, in the bottom and round the sides of a dish which has been rubbed with butter, put in your fruit, and lay slices of bread on top; bake it a few minutes, turn it carefully into another dish, sprinkle on some powdered sugar, and glaze it with a salamander. Modern Recipe Adaptation 5 Large Apples (peeled, cored, and cut in chunks) 1/2 Cup Water 1/4 Cup Granulated Sugar (or to taste, depending on sweetness of apples) 1 Teaspoon Ground Cinnamon 1/4 Teaspoon Ground Ginger 6 Tablespoons Butter, Divided 9-10 Slices of Bread Cut with Thin to Medium Thickness (you can use white bread, challah, cinnamon bread, or whatever you have on hand) Powdered Sugar Preheat the oven to 400º F. Place the apples, water, sugar, and spices in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Cover and simmer the apples (stirring occasionally) for 12-15 minutes, or until they can be pierced easily with a knife. While the apples are simmering prepare your pan. Choose a 6 cup capacity oven-safe bowl that has high sides. Use two tablespoons of the butter to grease all inside surfaces of the baking pan. It is a lot of butter, but it works best to use such an amount for both flavor and to allow the Charlotte to be released easily from the bowl. Fry the slices of bread in the remaining butter until golden. Be sure to keep adding butter to the pan and keep the heat low-to-medium to prevent burning the bread. Line the baking pan with the fried bread slices. You will need to cut the bread slices to fit the shape of the pan. (See pictures below) When the apples are done cooking, drain them of any excess water. Pour the drained apples into the prepared baking pan. Place fried bread on the top of the apples to cover them completely. Place the Charlotte in the oven and bake for 20 minutes. Remove from the oven and let cool for 5 minutes. Then, turn out the Charlotte onto an oven-safe plate. Sprinkle the Charlotte with powdered sugar. Return the Charlotte to the oven and broil it for 1-2 minutes or until the top is golden brown. Remove from the oven and let cool for 10 minutes before cutting. Use a serrated knife to cut the Charlotte. It can come apart easily, so be careful! Serve with whipped cream or ice cream. Frying the Bread	Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 3 January 2017. Camilla The Duchess of Cornwall at Hillsborough Castle in April 2014 Born HRH Princess Alexandra Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, GCVO , CSM , PC (Camilla Rosemary; née Shand, previously Parker Bowles; born 17 July 1947), is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales , who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Instead of using the title of Princess of Wales , she uses the title Duchess of Cornwall , which is her husband’s secondary designation. In Scotland, she is known as the Duchess of Rothesay . In the event of Charles acceding to the throne, Camilla would be entitled to use the style of a queen consort ; however, an official statement issued by Clarence House on the day of her marriage to Charles announced that she will be known as the Princess Consort . Camilla was born into a gentry family as the eldest child of Major Bruce Shand and his wife, the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt , the daughter of Roland Cubitt, 3rd Baron Ashcombe . She was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington , and was educated in England, Switzerland and France. Subsequently, she worked for different firms based in central London , most notably the decorating firm Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler . In 1973, Camilla married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles , with whom she has two children. They divorced in 1995. For many years, Camilla was in a relationship with the Prince of Wales before and after their former marriages. The relationship became highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny. [fn 2] In 2005, it culminated in a civil marriage at Windsor Guildhall , which was followed by a televised Anglican blessing by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Rowan Williams , at St George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle . As the Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla assists the Prince of Wales on his official duties. She is also the patron, president and a member of numerous charities and organisations. Since 1994, she has taken action on osteoporosis , which has earned her honours and awards. She has also raised awareness in areas including rape and sexual abuse, literacy and poverty, for which she has latterly been praised. [1] [2] Contents 13 External links Childhood and young adulthood Camilla was born Camilla Rosemary Shand at King’s College Hospital , London, on 17 July 1947 at 7:00 am (BST). [3] [fn 3] She grew up in the Laines, a country house located in Plumpton, East Sussex , [4] and a three-storey house in South Kensington , her family’s second home. [5] Her parents were British Army officer turned businessman Major Bruce Shand (1917–2006) and his wife, the Hon. Rosalind ( née Cubitt; 1921–1994), an adoption worker. [6] She has one younger sister, Annabel Elliot , and had a younger brother, Mark Shand (1951–2014). [7] Her maternal great-grandmother, Alice Keppel , was a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910. [8] On 1 November 1947, Camilla was baptised at Firle Church, Sussex . Her godparents were Hon. Henry Cubitt (her maternal uncle, later the 4th Baron Ashcombe ), Major Neil Speke, Mrs Heathcoat-Amory , Mrs Lombard Hobson and Miss Vivien Mosley . [9] [10] [11] Camilla’s mother worked for an adoption agency, while her father had different business interests after retiring from the army. He was most notably a partner in Block, Grey and Block, a firm of wine merchants in South Audley Street, Mayfair , later joining Ellis, Son and Vidler of Hastings and London. [12] [13] During her childhood years, Camilla became an avid reader due to the influence of her father, who read to her frequently. [14] She grew up with dogs and cats, [15] and, at a young age, learnt how to ride a pony by joining Pony Club camps. [5] According to her, childhood “was perfect in every way.” [4] Biographer Gyles Brandreth describes her background and childhood: Camilla is often described as having had an “Enid Blyton sort of Childhood.” In fact, it was much grander than that. Camilla, as a little girl, may have had some	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,225	In Greek mythology - who was the muse of history and lyre playing?	Muse - Ancient History Encyclopedia Muse by Mark Cartwright published on 14 December 2012 In Greek mythology , the nine Muses are goddesses of the various arts such as music, dance, and poetry and are blessed not only with wonderful artistic talents themselves but also with great beauty, grace, and allure. Their gifts of song, dance, and joy helped the gods and mankind to forget their troubles and inspired musicians and writers to reach ever greater artistic and intellectual heights. The Muses are the daughters of Zeus and the Titan Mnemosyne (Memory) after the couple slept together for nine consecutive nights. They are: Calliope, traditionally the most important (beautiful-voiced and representing epic poetry and also rhetoric), Clio (glorifying and representing history), Erato (lovely and representing singing), Euterpe (well-delighting and representing lyric poetry), Melpomene (singing and representing tragedy), Polymnia (many hymning and representing hymns to the gods and heroes), Terpsichore or Stesichore (delighting in dance), Thalia (blooming and representing comedy), Urania (heavenly and representing astronomy). Certain objects also became associated with the Muses and help to identify their particular talents. Calliope often holds a writing tablet and stylus, Clio has a scroll, Euterpe a double aulos (or flute), and Thalia a theatre mask. The Muses were believed to live on Mt. Olympus where they entertained their father and the other Olympian gods with their great artistry, but later tradition also placed them on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia where there was a major cult centre to the goddesses, or on Mt. Parnassus where the Castalian spring was a favourite destination for poets and artists. On Mount Olympus, Apollo Mousagetes was, in a certain sense, the choir leader of the Muses, although his attachment was not limited to music, as he fathered many children with his musical group. Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry, was the mother of Orpheus , the wonderfully gifted lyre player whose father was said by some to be Apollo himself. Although bringers of festivity and joy, the Muses were not to be trifled with when it came to the superiority of their artistic talents. Although bringers of festivity and joy, the Muses were not to be trifled with when it came to the superiority of their artistic talents. The nine daughters of Pierus foolishly tried to compete musically with the Muses on Mt. Helicon and were all turned into birds for their impertinence. The Thracian musician Thamyres (son of the Nymph Agriope) was another who challenged the Muses in music and after inevitably coming second best to the goddesses was punished with blindness, the loss of his musical talent, and his singing voice. This myth was also the subject of a tragedy by Sophocles . The Muses also acted as judges in another musical competition, this time between Apollo on his kithara and the satyr Marsyas , who played the aulos given to him by Athena . Naturally, Apollo won and Marsyas was flayed alive for his troubles. Remove Ads Advertisement Hesiod in his Theogony claimed that he spoke with the Muses on Mt. Helicon, and they gave him a luxuriant laurel branch and breathed into him their divine voice so that he could proclaim the glory of the gods and their descendants. Thus, the simple shepherd was transformed into one of the most important poets in history. Hesiod also states that the Muses were created as an aid to forgetfulness and relief from troubles, perhaps as a balance to their mother, who personified memory. In ancient Greece , music, and by association the Muses, were held in great esteem and music was played in homes, in theatres, during religious ceremonies, to accompany athletics, provided rhythm during military training, accompanied agricultural activities such as harvesting, and was an important element in the education of children. For example, Themistocles , the great Athenian politician and general, considered his education incomplete because he could not play the khitara. Throughout the ancient Greek world musical festivals and compet	The Muses The Greek Muses The Greek Muses The Muses, daughters of Zeus and the goddess of Memory, Mnemosyne, were charged with the responsibility of inspiring poets and musicians and promoting the arts and sciences. No banquet on Mount Olympus was complete without them. Seated near the throne of their father, the nine sisters entertained the guests, singing not only of the greatness of Zeus, but about the marvelous feats of the Greek heroes and the creation of the heavens and the earth with all its wondrous creatures. Their influence was profound. By their praising valiant behavior, thereby etching the names in history, the Muses encouraged further heroism. Although they usually sang only for the immortals, they occasionally performed at events honoring heroic mortals, such as the funeral of the Achilles, the fallen hero of the Trojan War. They were described as "having one mind, their hearts set upon song and their spirit free from care". The Muses often acted in concert, all were friends and followers of the god Apollo. On many occasions their wise counsel, as well as their soothing diversions, kept him from making poor decisions. Their gift, according to Hesiod, was that "though a man has sorrow and grief in his soul, when . . . the Muses sing, at once he forgets his dark thoughts and remembers not his troubles." A precious gift indeed. This is not to say, however, that all was goodness and light around them. Like many of the other deities they were particularly sensitive about being acknowledged for their superiority. When Pierus claimed his nine daughters were better singers the Muses were mightily offended and turned the upstarts into magpies, ducks, finches, and other birds. When the minstral Thamyris challenged them to a contest of song, he paid dearly for the affront. He, of course, lost the contest but they also blinded him and took his memory away, rendering him unable to remember the words to his songs. However, the Muses were also generous with their skills and willing to teach others. They taught the nymph Echo to play music, instructed the Egyptian Sphinx her riddle, and trained the great poet Musaeus. Kalliope, the eldest, often attended the birth of royal nobles and gave (or withheld if she wished) the gift of the Muses as the immortals deemed fit. Mortals who were blessed by the Muses, could use the beauty of song or the spirit of dance to heal the sick and to comfort the heartbroken. Each of the goddess had her own area in which she excelled. Calliope, philosophy, epic poetry, and rhetoric Clio, history and introduction of the alphabet into Greece Euterpe, lyric poetry and music, especially the flute Thalia, comedy and pastoral poetry Melpomene, tragedy (theater) and chanting Terpsichore, dance and choral song Erato, love poems and mimicry Polyhymnia, sacred music and eloquence in verse Ourania, astronomy, astrology, and prophecy Although none of the Muses has an extensive mythology of her own, many of them featured in the stories of the major deities. Calliope, for example, was called on by Zeus to arbitrate the dispute between Aphrodite, the goddess of romance and beauty, and Persephone, Queen of the Underworld, when both fell in love with the handsome Adonis. Her wise decision, to allow him to spend part of the year with each of them, seemed to satisfy all of them. When Athena rescued Pegasus, the flying horse, shortly after his birth, the goddess entrusted the Muses with his care. The young colt, excited to meet the lovely Muses, kicked the side of the Mountain, causing springs to gush out of the side of the mountain. Springs and wells both became sacred symbols of the Muses, representing the fountains of inspiration that they provided. Urania took the major responsibility for caring for Pegasus, and prophesied his future heroism as well as his eventual place amongst the stars in the heavens. The Muses remain among us today as the patrons of the fine arts and the inspiration for creative thought, Mnemosyne's daughters of wit and charm. Discover	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,226	Who was Oliver's mentor, appointed by Fagan?	Oliver! (1968) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 21 titles created 04 Nov 2013 a list of 31 titles created 06 Nov 2013 a list of 39 titles created 21 Feb 2015 a list of 35 titles created 10 months ago a list of 33 titles created 6 months ago Search for " Oliver! " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 5 Oscars. Another 7 wins & 25 nominations. See more awards » Photos A misogynistic and snobbish phonetics professor agrees to a wager that he can take a flower girl and make her presentable in high society. Director: George Cukor A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. Director: Robert Wise A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. Director: Ken Hughes A Victorian Englishman bets that with the new steamships and railways he can circumnavigate the globe in eighty days. Directors: Michael Anderson, John Farrow Stars: David Niven, Cantinflas, Finlay Currie A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. Director: Robert Stevenson Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. Director: Mel Stuart At the turn of the century in a Welsh mining village, the Morgans, he stern, she gentle, raise coal-mining sons and hope their youngest will find a better life. Director: John Ford The dramatic lives of trapeze artists, a clown, and an elephant trainer are told against a background of circus spectacle. Director: Cecil B. DeMille Edit Storyline Musical adaptation of Charles Dickens 's classic tale of an orphan who runs away from the orphanage and hooks up with a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> Winner 6 Academy Awards! [post-Oscar] See more » Genres: 27 September 1968 (UK) See more » Also Known As: 153 min Sound Mix: Mono (35 mm optical prints)\| 70 mm 6-Track (Westrex Recording System) (70 mm prints)\| 4-Track Stereo (Westrex Recording System) (35 mm magnetic prints) Color: Did You Know? Trivia The London sets covered six sound stages and a huge studio backlot - with rich and poor sections. The sets were adaptable overnight in spite of their sturdy look, due to the fact that single dance numbers sometimes required changing sets up to a dozen times. See more » Goofs On his way to London, Oliver gets onto a cart which is being pulled along a tarmac road. The first tarmac road in Britain was in 1902, the story was set in the 1800s. See more » Quotes See more » Frequently Asked Questions I consider Oliver! the movie to be my mate. 5 November 2009 \| by Spikeopath (United Kingdom) – See all my reviews Charles Dickens famous novel of an orphan boy, Oliver Twist, who escapes from his poor life to seek his fame and fortune in London, is adapted as a glossy musical. Who would have thought that a story from the brilliant Dickens could be so sweet and endearing? So it be with Carol Reed's {Best Director Winner} unforgettable 1968 Best Picture Winner. Yes it's some way	Official Report - Parliamentary Business : Scottish Parliament Parliamentary Business back to top The Presiding Officer (Tricia Marwick): Welcome back. It is good to be back with you once more. The first item of business is time for reflection. Our time for reflection leader this afternoon is Matt Oliver, the chief executive of More Than Gold 2014. Mr Matt Oliver (More Than Gold 2014): In a little under a year, 71 nations and territories that make up the Commonwealth will descend on Scotland for the 20th Commonwealth games. The Christian church in Scotland, united under the banner of More Than Gold, will seek to serve the games in a variety of ways. Building on the success of 2012, hundreds of churches will be opening their doors to show the games live on big screens to their communities and provide refreshments. One thousand people from around the world will assist the church in its activities, bringing with them cultural engagement programmes of dance, music and drama. The Salvation Army will distribute 250,000 bottles of cold water to spectators and, in partnership with the Scottish Government, we will provide free accommodation to over 400 members of athletes’ families and to official volunteers. Many of the nations that are competing next year will be able to trace the Christian roots of their countries directly to the great missionaries of the past, many of whom came from this great nation. People such as David Livingstone, Mary Slessor and James Chalmers all contributed to the spread of Christianity throughout the world. However, for an old sportsman such as me, it is Eric Liddell, the Olympic athlete who famously refused to run in the 100m heats as they were due to be run on a Sunday, who epitomises the common values of sport and the gospel. In the film “Chariots of Fire”, Eric famously says: “God made me for a purpose, but he also made me fast. And when I run I feel his pleasure”. Liddell would be given a sporting lifeline when given a place in the 400m, in which he would go on to become an Olympic champion. For Liddell, serving and honouring God was truly worth more than gold. It is the prayer of the team at More Than Gold 2014 that, as Glasgow prepares to host the world’s third-largest sporting event, it will feel God’s pleasure; that, as the church in Scotland rises in unison in acts of service, hospitality and outreach, it will feel God’s pleasure; and that you, as you go about your business in this place today, will feel God’s pleasure. Business Motion The Presiding Officer (Tricia Marwick): The next item of business is consideration of business motion S4M-07570, in the name of Joe FitzPatrick, on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau, setting out a business programme. Motion moved, That the Parliament agrees the following programme of business— Tuesday 3 September 2013 2.00 pm Time for Reflection followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions followed by Motion of Condolence followed by Topical Questions (if selected) followed by First Minister’s Statement on the Scottish Government’s Programme for Government 2013-14 followed by Scottish Government Debate: Scottish Government’s Programme for Government 2013-14 followed by Business Motions followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions 5.45 pm Decision Time 11.40 am Parliamentary Bureau Motions 11.40 am General Questions 12.00 pm First Minister’s Questions 12.30 pm Members’ Business 2.30 pm Parliamentary Bureau Motions 2.30 pm Equal Opportunities Committee Debate: Where Gypsy/Travellers Live followed by Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments Committee Debate: Report on 6th Report 2013, Draft Code of Practice for Ministerial Appointments to Public Bodies in Scotland followed by Legislative Consent Motion: High Speed Rail (Preparation) Bill – UK Legislation followed by Business Motions followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions 5.00 pm Decision Time 2.00 pm Time for Reflection followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions followed by Topical Questions (if selected) followed by Scottish Government Debate: Scotland’s Historic Environment – The Way Forw	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,227	Who is the school bus driver in 'The Simpsons'?	Otto Mann \| Simpsons Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia “Yo, Bart dude.” ―Otto's catchphrase Otto Mann, known as Otto the School Bus Driver prior to Season 8 (and so stylized after Bart calling him "the Otto man" on several occasions), is a former school underachiever who now works as the bus driver for Springfield Elementary . Otto was initially conceived by Shearer himself as a caricature of heavy metal music aficionados who mostly play guitar and do drugs while occupying a low-level labor job. He then became a character well known for his party tendencies and calling others slang such as "dude", "lady", or "pops". He is friends with Bart on some occasions, despite their age difference, and dreams of starting his own rock band to become a celebrity, all while getting the school bus into trouble one time after another. Contents [ show ] Profile Otto is notable for his drug use, maniacal driving, love of heavy metal music, and propensity for the 1980s junkie lifestyle. According to his driver's license, he was born on January 18, 1963, thus making him 29, as of " The Otto Show ." He was placed under suspension at least twice: Once after he not only crashed a school bus full of kids for the 15th time, but was also revealed not to possess a driver's license [1] and another time when he spanked Bart out of fury after Bart stole the bus (and thus cost him his one and only chance of proving himself to Metallica by giving them a ride). [2] He has been seen at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings: "My name is Otto, and I love to get blotto!" Otto has been seen smoking marijuana [3] [4] and during Trappuccino , he used a bong. [5] He once had a hallucination in which his shoes were talking to him as a result of his drug use. [6] Skinner stated that also, at one point, he was apparently driving the bus while on narcotics, wondering if Metallica was indeed the real Metallica with their tour bus broken down, until a narcotic-induced hallucination of a dragon confirmed he wasn't seeing things in regards to Metallica. [7] Otto once submitted a urine sample as part of an application for a job as a prison guard, which contained "crack, smack, uppers, downers, outers, inners, horse tranquilizers, cow paralyzers, blue bombers, green goofers, yellow submarines" and "LSD Mach 3". He only managed to pass because he swapped his sample with Homer's. [8] Busman , a superhero created by Otto. Otto has a passion for rock music, being very skillful at playing the guitar (saying that it was the only thing he did in high school). [9] Otto's favorite songs include "Iron Man" by Black Sabbath, "Dazed and Confused" by Led Zeppelin, "Frankenstein" by The Edgar Winter Group, "Freebird" by Lynyrd Skynyrd, "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison, "Purple Haze" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience and "We're an American Band" by Grand Funk Railroad. He claims that music is about far off lands (Immigrant Song), deals with the devil (The Devil Went Down to Georgia) and smoke in relation to water (Smoke on the Water). He also likes Metallica, which is referenced several times, but he doesn't state particular songs. He once actually met the band after driving past their broken tour bus. Otto apparently saved Kirk Hammett from quitting the band after seeing his lighter in a concert at Springfield Arena in 1997. When he tried to offer Metallica a ride, Bart drove off with the school bus. [10] He also once mistook a line at the Post Office set up for tax day for a Metallica concert, and didn't realize his mistake until after Kent Brockman asked him why he waited until the last minute to file his tax returns. [11] At a mock-medieval fair at the school , Otto played a lute solo in the style of Jimi Hendrix's guitar solos. He put the lute behind his head to play it, smashed it, and then lit the remains on fire on the floor (just as Hendrix did on June 18, 1967 at the Monterey Pop Festival). [12] Otto was engaged to be married and plays "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" by Poison while proposing to Becky, but when forced to choose between his fiancée and his music, he prefers his music, dumpin	Nancy Cartwright - Biography - IMDb Nancy Cartwright Biography Showing all 27 items Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (1) \| Trade Mark (1) \| Trivia (14) \| Personal Quotes (1) \| Salary (6) Overview (3) 5' (1.52 m) Mini Bio (1) Nancy Cartwright was born on October 25, 1957 in Dayton, Ohio, USA as Nancy Jean Cartwright. She is an actress, known for The Simpsons (1989), The Simpsons Movie (2007) and The Replacements (2006). She was previously married to Warren Murphy . Spouse (1) ( 24 December 1988 - 2002) (divorced) (2 children) Trade Mark (1) Best known as the voice of "Bart Simpson", "Nelson Muntz", "Todd Flanders", and "Ralph Wiggum" on the TV show The Simpsons (1989). Trivia (14) Children, with Warren Murphy , Lucy Mae and Jackson. When she auditioned for The Simpsons (1989), she was originally called in for the voice of "Lisa Simpson", not "Bart Simpson". She was then asked to read for "Bart Simpson" and got the role on the spot. Was friends with Daws Butler , the voice of Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound and hundreds of others. They regularly exchanged letters, and soon he was addressing her "Dear Pixie." He sent her scripts to record, and then critiqued the tapes she returned. At 12, she joined a children's theatre company and made her first stage debut in "An Old-Fashioned Christmas". The director asked her to join his summer theatre group. She traveled with them for four years. As a senior, she was president of the Forensic League at Fairmont West High school. Like many tourists, Cartwright attempted to disturb the notoriously unflappable guards at Buckingham Palace in London. When she blurted, "What's happening man, I'm Bart Simpson, dude!", she succeeded. Fittingly her character Ethel in Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) years before her role as Bart Simpson - is "wished" into a television set where she is chased around and then eaten alive by a cartoon monster. The segment of Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) in which she appears is based on the same episode that was later parodied in a "Simpsons" Halloween special. Her character, Bart Simpson, was rated number 2 in Comedy Central's newest show 'Mouthing Off: 51 Greatest Smartasses'. Attended Ohio University from 1976-1978 as an interpersonal communication major and was awarded the Cutler Scholarship for academic excellence and leadership. Appointed Honorary Mayor of Northridge, California, USA (2005) Was offered the chance to do the female voices for South Park (1997), but turned it down because she felt the show was too offensive. She met the future Supervising Director of The Simpsons (1989), David Silverman , when they were both students in UCLA's Art Department in the late 1970s. They jokingly made an agreement they would one day work on a show together, but didn't find out their deal came through until they saw the credits of the first episode of the series. For her birthday, a 1992 episode of "The Simpsons" featured its opening of Bart writing as punishment on the chalkboard, "I am not a 35-year-old woman.". Originally auditioned for the part of Lisa Simpson on The Simpsons (1989) but asked to read for Bart because she thought Bart was funnier. Became a Scientologist in 1991. Personal Quotes (1) On auditioning for The Simpsons (1989): I went in, saw Lisa, and didn't really see anything I could sink my teeth into. But the audition piece for Bart was right there, and I'm like, 'Whoa, 10 years old, under-achiever and proud of it? Yeah, man - that's the one I want to do!. Salary (6)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,228	Tom, Tom the piper’s son could only play which tune?	Tom, Tom, The Piper's Son (Learnt to Play) - English Children's Songs - England - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes from Around the World Tom, Tom, The Piper's Son (Learnt to Play) Tom, Tom, The Piper's Son (Learnt to Play) Nursery Rhyme Tom, Tom, the piper's son, He learnt to play when he was young, He with his pipe made such a noise, That he pleased all the girls and boys. Tom, Tom, The Piper's Son (Learnt to Play) Nursery Rhyme Tom, Tom, the piper's son, He learnt to play when he was young, He with his pipe made such a noise, That he pleased all the girls and boys. Here's the version in the mp3: Tom, he was a piper's son, He learned to play when he was young, And all the tune that he could play Was, "Over the hills and far away," Over the hills, and a great way off, The wind will blow my top-knot off. Now, Tom with his pipe made such a noise That he well pleased both the girls and boys, And they always stopped to hear him play "Over the hills and far away." ***** Here's another version from The Baby's Opera by Walter Crane (1877): Tom he was a piper's son, He learnt to play when he was young; But all the tunes that he could play Was "Over the hills and far away." Over the hills and a great way off, The wind shall blow my top-knot* off. Tom with his pipe made such a noise That he pleased both the girls and boys, And they stopped to hear him play, "Over the hills and far away." Over the hills and a great way off, The wind shall blow my top-knot off. A topknot was a bow of ribbon worn on top of the head by ladies in the late 17th century and the 18th century (later they wore them in their lace caps). **** I found this longer version of Tom, Tom the Piper's Son in A History of Nursery Rhymes (1899) by Percy B. Green: Tom, he was a piper's son, He learned to play when he was young; But the only tune that he could play Was "Over the hills and far away." Over the hills and a great way off, And the wind will blow my top-knot off. Now Tom with his pipe made such a noise That he pleased both the girls and boys, And they stopped to hear him play "Over the hills and far away." Tom on his pipe did play with such skill That those who heard him could never keep still; Whenever they heard him they began to dance, Even pigs on their hind legs would after him prance. As Dolly was milking the cows one day Tom took out his pipe and began to play; So Doll and the cows danced the Cheshire cheese round, Till the pail was broke and the milk spilt on the ground. He met old Dame Trot with a basket of eggs, He used his pipe, she used her legs. She danced, he piped, the eggs were all broke; Dame Trot began to fret, Tom laughed at his joke. He saw a cross fellow beating an ass Laden with pots, pans, dishes, and glass; Tom took out his pipe and played a tune, And the jackass's load was lightened full soon.	The History Boys The History Boys The History Boys is a play by British playwright Alan Bennett. The play premiered at the Lyttelton Theatre in London on 18 May 2004. Its Broadway debut was on 23 April 2006 at the Broadhurst Theatre where there were 185 performances staged before it closed on 1 October 2006. The play won multiple awards, including the 2005 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play and the 2006 Tony Award for Best Play. Following closing in London, the National Theatre production toured to Hong Kong in February 2006 and featured in the 2006 New Zealand International Arts Festival held in Wellington (February 2006) before playing at the Sydney Theatre in Sydney, Australia from 4 March to 8 April 2006. Synopsis The action of the play takes place in Cutlers’ Grammar School, Sheffield, a fictional boys’ grammar school in the north of England. Set in the early 1980s, the play follows a group of history pupils preparing for the Oxbridge entrance examinations under the guidance of three teachers (Hector, Irwin and Lintott) with contrasting styles. Hector, an eccentric teacher, delights in knowledge for its own sake, but the headmaster ambitiously wants the school to move up the academic league table; Irwin, a supply teacher, is hired to introduce a rather more cynical and ruthless style of teaching. Hector is discovered sexually fondling a boy and later Irwin’s latent homosexual inclinations emerge. Headmaster (Felix Armstrong) – Headmaster of Cutlers’ Grammar School, Sheffield Douglas Hector – English/General Studies teacher Tom Irwin – History teacher; brought in as a special coach Mrs Dorothy Lintott – History teacher Akthar – Pupil; of Asian ancestry, Muslim Crowther – Pupil; does acting as a hobby Stuart Dakin – Pupil; handsome, object of Posner’s affection James Lockwood – Pupil; strong opinions David Posner – Pupil; youngest, gay and Jewish Rudge – Pupil; better known for athletic skills than for intelligence Donald Scripps – Pupil; Anglican, plays piano Timms – Pupil; overweight Director on Irwin’s television programme (a small role) Irwin is said to be modelled after Niall Ferguson.[1] The play includes several non-speaking roles: Make-Up Woman, Production team – on Irwin’s television show Three or four unidentified MPs – spoken to by Irwin in opening scene Other male pupils (optional, can help with scene changes and/or play piano if the actor cast as Scripps cannot) Fiona – Headmaster’s secretary; object of Dakin’s affection/lust. Does not appear on stage in the published text, but was seen in filmed projections during the original production Productions Royal National Theatre The play opened at the Lyttelton Theatre (part of the National Theatre) in London on 18 May 2004 where it played to sell-out audiences and its limited run was frequently extended. James Corden, Dominic Cooper, Russell Tovey and Andrew Knott were among the original cast. On 24 November 2005, the same production was revived once again at the Lyttelton Theatre where it played another successful run. Future Doctor Who actor Matt Smith took on the role of Lockwood in the November revision of the cast. The original cast reunited in the final week in February 2006. International Tour Following closing in London, the National Theatre production toured to Hong Kong in February 2006 and featured in the 2006 New Zealand International Arts Festival held in Wellington (February 2006) before playing at the Sydney Theatre in Sydney, Australia from 4 March to 8 April 2006. At each venue, the play was presented to sell-out audiences with the original London cast, including Richard Griffiths; however, Frances de la Tour and Clive Merrison were replaced by Maggie Steed and Malcolm Sinclair until the Broadway season. Broadway The American premiere of the play took place on 23 April 2006 when the same National production opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre.[2] Originally scheduled to run through 2 September 2006, the run was extended through to 8 October 2006 following huge public demand after the show won the Tony, New York Criti	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,229	The bakery chain Gregg's is based in which city?	Roger Whiteside is cooking up a new recipe for Greggs - Telegraph Roger Whiteside is cooking up a new recipe for Greggs The food group’s new chief executive talks about his expansion plans Roger Whiteside wants to refocus Greggs on the growing £6bn food-to-go market and ditch its local bakery stores Photo: Paul Grover By Graham Ruddick 9:15PM BST 10 Aug 2013 Roger Whiteside has seen it all in his 35 years in the retail and leisure world – the golden era at Marks & Spencer in the 1990s, the birth and rise of Ocado and financial meltdown at Punch Taverns. Last week, however, he unveiled perhaps his biggest challenge – how to make bakery chain Greggs fit for the cut-throat world of modern food retailing. Newcastle-based Greggs has become the City equivalent of local football team Newcastle United under Kevin Keegan in the early 1990s – everyone has a soft spot for them, but they struggle when up against the big boys. Not many shoppers have a bad word to say about Greggs, particularly after it won a battle to overturn George Osborne’s much derided “pasty tax”. A behind-the-scenes television series called Greggs: More Than Meats The Pie was televised on Sky earlier this year. However, while the U-turn on the pasty tax was celebrated, it has turned into a hollow victory for Greggs. It may have won a battle with No 11 Downing Street, but it has been losing battles on high streets across the UK. Related Articles Greggs issues profit warning 29 Apr 2013 The company’s half-year results showed a 2.9pc drop in like-for-like sales over the past six months, meaning that Greggs has now been in decline for 18 months and shares in the company are at their lowest level for four years. They fell by 11pc last week alone. Whiteside took the reins at the company in February after Ken McMeikan, who had led Greggs since 2008, left for privately-owned catering supplier Brakes. The weather and general economic malaise have been blamed for falling demand for Greggs’ pasties, sandwiches and sausage rolls, but Whiteside believes something more fundamental is wrong – that shoppers are instead turning to chains such as Pret A Manger. Greggs is also losing ground to supermarket convenience stores selling sandwiches and salads. “What has happened over the past five or six years or so is that new entrants have arrived,” Whiteside says in the London offices of his company’s advisers, after presenting the half-year results. “So, coffee shops have suddenly arrived, special sandwich chains have arrived, and whereas you might have had an independent convenience store to deal with in the past, you suddenly have a Tesco-branded convenience store, or a Sainsbury’s Local, or an M&S Simply Food or whatever. These are all serious players and serious competitors which previously didn’t compete in that pool. So we’ve had that knock, and they are obviously very professional and we need to be as professional as them to show we can take our share of a growing market.” Whiteside’s remedy is to refocus Greggs on the growing £6bn food-to-go market and ditch its local bakery stores. This marks a historic shift for Greggs, which was founded in 1939 by John Gregg in Tyneside. In 1973, 55pc of the company’s sales came from bread and rolls, but now it is just 6pc and Whiteside wants to give up fighting in that market and leave it to supermarkets. “There are obviously some exceptions and towns where there is not a supermarket nearby, but wherever a town is served by a little gang of supermarkets, there is no way we can win as a bakery business,” he said. “So then the question is – is food-on-the-go big enough to replace it? In some of those towns it might not be – if basically there aren’t enough people on the go – in which case those are the towns we will have to withdraw from over time once those bakery businesses shrink to the point they are no longer viable.” With local bakeries ditched – leading to more problems for some of Britain’s struggling high streets and smaller towns – Greggs will focus on rolling out a new “bakery food on the go” format across its portfolio of almo	Sardinia 66 Grunge music originated in which American city - MBA - 217 View Full Document Sardinia 66 Grunge music originated in which American city Seattle 67 The word bungalow comes from which language Hindi 68 What is the Japanese Shinkasen High speed Train 69 In what country are the Drakesberg mountains South Africa 70 Name the author who created Hannibal Lecter Thomas Harris 71 Dodie Smith wrote what book (later filmed by Disney) 101 Dalmatians 72 Venice stands on what river The Arno 73 Gary Boker Bobby Harrison Ray Rodger were in what pop group Procul Harem 74 What country launched its first space rocket January 1961 Italy 75 What have Jan Zajic and Quang Duc got in common Self Immolation 76 In 1962 - cost 20,000 - size of a small suitcase - what Portable computer 77 In France what is Framboise Raspberry 78 What held up a Cricket test Match between England Pakistan Mouse on pitch 79 What was banned from New York schools in 1962 Reading of Prayers 80 How to Handle a Woman came from which stage musical Camelot 81 James Drury starred in which TV western series The Virginian 82 Who had a hit with the song Loco-Motion Little Eva 83 Who won the Tour de France 4 times 1961 to 1964 Jacques Anquetil 84 What new domestic device was launched by Hoover in 1963 Steam Iron 85 What was the Soviet Vostok 3 space flight the first to do This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 19 Ans 10000_questions 38	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,230	Deadliest Catch boat captain Phil Harris died yesterday, after suffering a major stroke on January 29th. What Seattle based boat was he the captain of?	Discovery Planning Tribute to ‘Deadliest Catch’ Captain, Phil Harris, Who Died This Week \| TVWeek Discovery Planning Tribute to ‘Deadliest Catch’ Captain, Phil Harris, Who Died This Week Feb 12, 2010 • Post A Comment The sixth season of Discovery Channel’s “Deadliest Catch” starts in mid-April and Capt. Phil Harris will be a big part of it, the New York Post reports . Shooting on the season had already been completed before the captain of the Cornelia Marie crab fishing boat died of a stroke this week. A Discovery spokesperson, commenting about the tribute to the Post said, "It will probably air as part of the new season or at the start of the season." The network is still deciding about the details of its on-air tribute, the Post said. –Elizabeth Jensen	Dear Webby Humor Letter Blog - Weatherbug Dear Webby Humor Letter Blog Weatherbug Monday, February 23, 2015, 09:57 PM Posted by Administrator Good Morning, , Today is Tuesday, February 24 Have FUN! DearWebby ______________________________________________________ Today's Bonehead Award goes to a Floriduh school counsellor, who assaulted a teacher in a gym Details at Boneheads Today, in 2008 Cuba's parliament named Raul Castro president. His brother Fidel had ruled for nearly 50 years. More of what happened on this day in history at History ______________________________________________________ If you can help with the cost of the Humor Letter, please donate what you can! --- Mark Twain (1835 - 1910) ______________________________________________________ Little Johnny wasn't a very good at speller. One day, during a spelling exam, the teacher wrote the word "new" on the blackboard. "Now," she asked Johnny, "what word would we have if we placed a "K" in the front?" After thinking a few seconds, Johnny said, "Canoe?" ______________________________________________________ A flight attendant on a United Air Lines cross-country flight nervously announced: about 30 minutes outbound from LA, "I don't know how this happened, but we have 103 passengers aboard and only 40 dinners." When the passengers' muttering had died down, she continued, "Anyone who is kind enough to give up his meal so someone else can eat will receive free drinks for the length of the flight." Her next announcement came an hour later. "If anyone wants to change his mind, we still have 29 dinners available, but we are now completely out of booze." ______________________________________________________ If you like the Dear Webby Daily Humor Letter, please vote for it at the Ezine Finder: Thanks for your votes! An INTERNATIONAL BONEHEAD AWARD goes to Travis Mims, 27, Holly Hill Florida Woman was slammed to floor by 6' 2", 260-pound school advisor Video of the assault A hulking school advisor was arrested yesterday for aggravated battery after he slammed a female teacher to the ground head-first during a pick-up basketball game, an assault that was recorded by a surveillance camera in the Florida elementary schoolï¿½s gymnasium. During a two-on-two game Tuesday evening at Holly Hill School, Travis Mims, 27, assaulted Katherine Martin, a 33-year-old special education teacher, police allege. Mims, who is 6ï¿½ 2ï¿½ and weighs 260 pounds, ï¿½picked up Ms. Martinï¿½s body, turned her upside down, and maliciously threw her body onto the floor,ï¿½ according to a charging affidavit that neatly summarizes what is seen on the above video released by police. Martin, who was teamed up with a student, was playing against Mims and another pupil. Martin told cops that during the game Mims was becoming increasingly aggressive, and that ï¿½there was an exchange of words betweenï¿½ her and Mims ï¿½concerning fouling.ï¿½ ï¿½Then all of a sudden Mims violently picked up Ms. Martin by her waist, turned her body around, and slammed her head-first to the ground,ï¿½ reported cops, who added that the teacherï¿½s ï¿½head struck the ground first, then other parts of her body and sustained injury.ï¿½ Martin subsequently drove herself to the hospital for treatment of injuries that police described as ï¿½substantialï¿½ and ï¿½serious and permanent.ï¿½ During police questioning yesterday, Mims said that Martin kept complaining that he was fouling her, adding that she ï¿½pushed his face with her hands.ï¿½ While Mims ï¿½admitted he picked up Ms. Martin and slammed her body onto the ground,ï¿½ he ï¿½stated he was not angry at her but did not like when Ms. Martin pushed his face with her hands.ï¿½ The video shows that Ms Martin was definitely retreating and trying to get away from Mims, who, on the video, clearly seems to have been persecuting and chasing her, instead of playing basketball. It took several adults to get Mims away from here, after she lay injured on the floor. Mims, whose occupation is listed by cops as ï¿½campus adv	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,231	If you order fromage at a French restaurant, what will you get?	10 Common Ordering Mistakes People Make in Paris Restaurants - David Lebovitz 10 Common Ordering Mistakes People Make in Paris Restaurants 222 comments - 01.21.2010 The other night I was sitting at Le Garde Robe , minding my own business, trying to get down a glass of natural wine. Being seven o’clock, naturally, in addition to being thirsty, I was starving, too. And the lack of food (and sulfides) must have started affecting my brain because I started thinking about how I often hear tales from visitors, such as when they told a Parisian waiter they didn’t eat meat and shortly afterward, were presented with a plate of lamb. Or they ordered a salad, that was supposed to come with the sandwich, and was actually just a single leaf of lettuce. Hoo-boy, and yes, I’ve made a few gaffes of my own, too: I once ordered a glass of Lillet (pronounced le lait, which isn’t well-known around Paris) and the perplexed café waiter brought me out a long, slender glass of le lait (milk), presented with great panache, on a silver dish with a nice doily. Of course, everyone was staring at the grown man who ordered a tall glass of milk. And I don’t think it was because of the starched doily. Anyhow, I was scanning the chalkboard at Le Garde Robe, looking at the various charcuterie and cheese on offer, and noticed filet mignon, and thought, “A steak is a funny thing for a wine bar to serve, especially one that doesn’t serve hot food.” Until I remembered what it is in French. And if everyone wasn’t already staring at the idiot at the wine bar, nursing a stemmed glass of milk, I would’ve kicked myself for thinking that’s a big, juicy steak. Which it’s not, in France. 1. Mixing Up the Mignons Mignon in French means “cute”. And to my pork-loving friends and readers, that can only mean one thing: pigs. French people think cows are attractive. So much so, that they’ve even issued stamps with various cow breeds depicted on them. But in this case, a filet mignon is pork tenderloin, not the lean, thick-cut steak that you might be used to. Which doesn’t explain why Le Garde Robe, which doesn’t have a kitchen, had filet mignon on the menu. Which means I have to go back to the wine bar. Oh well…all in the name of research. Of course. 2. Don’t Order an Apéritif in a Restaurant Apparently, no one orders a kir anymore. (Update: Or maybe so? ) A refreshing drink made with aligoté white wine and a dapple of cassis, before I found out I’m not supposed to drink them anymore (the memo must’ve blown off my porch, or something..) a kir makes a nice apéritif on a warm spring or summer evening—at a café. Because I was recently informed that they are no longer in fashion, I suppose it’d be best to cut them out entirely. (And yes, that means the sparkly kir royal, made with Champagne, too. Merde!) Which brings me to ordering an apéro in a restaurant, which is something you very rarely see in Paris. Most people go to a nearby café for one, perhaps to sit on the terrace, before heading to a restaurant. So when the waiter asks, “Vous desirez un apéritif?”, you don’t have to feel obligated and say, “Bien sûr!”, especially since a round of four will set you back at least €25 ($36 at today’s exchange rate), and a round of kir royals is likely to set you back a whole lot more than that. And there’s likely a fairly good bottle of wine you could get for the same price. Like Sancerre. Sancerre rocks, and if I could only drink one wine for the rest of my life, it would be Sancerre. 3. Drink in only the sights on the Champs-Elysées It boggles my mind when people come to Paris, and have a soda at a café on the Champs-Elysées, then go wild when they get the check. Image going to the most expensive hotel in New York City or Los Angeles and ordering a Coke. You’re standing on some of the most expensive real estate in the world on that street and you’re going to pay for that privilege if you choose to park your backside in one of those chairs. If you want to sit there and enjoy the view, fine, order that €8 Coke, and suck it up. (Watch your belongings!) But I advise skipping a drink on	Food looks great on the menu! - Le Sainsev', Paris Traveller Reviews - TripAdvisor Reviewed 23 June 2015 via mobile Spent about 60€ alone on a dinner that looked great on the menu; I wanted sampling some french delicacies before heading back home, so I ordered an entree with huitres (oysters) and cuisses de grenouilles (frog legs) with a typical french white wine and as main course "magret de canard", with bordeau red wine.. The whole thing was very disappointing. The oysters didn't look fresh -despite the promise made by the Bangladeshi server-, the frog legs were tasteless, as well as the duck... Probably all prepared by another Bangladeshi "chef"?? Btw, I love Bangladesh, and have absolutely nothing against its nice people; my only problem is probably with tourism industry in globalization time, when you come to Paris and St Michel with great expectations of french cuisine, but actually would do better with some rice & curry or a kebab, which is a lot cheaper!.. Visited June 2015	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,232	In the rhyme 'The Owl and the Pussycat' which animal performed the wedding?	"THE OWL AND THE PUSSY CAT" nursery rhyme song - YouTube "THE OWL AND THE PUSSY CAT" nursery rhyme song Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 14, 2012 nursery rhyme SONG Lyrics and Origins The Owl and the Pussycat Rhyme Nursery Rhyme The lyrics to "the owl and the pussycat" - What is a Runcible Spoon? A traditional childrens poem , or folksong, as the lyrics to the owl and the pussycat have been set to music and recorded by several artisits. The author of the owl and the pussycat was of course Edward Lear (1812 - 1888) and the first publication date of the owl and the pussycat was 1871. Wonderful illustrated graphics have also been set to the words of the owl and the pussycat poem helping to fire the imagination of a child! The burning question remains, however, what exactly is the runcible spoon referred to in the words of the owl and the pussycat poem? The probable definition of this term is that a runcible spoon is a small fork with three prongs, one having a sharp edge, and curved like a spoon. This spoon is used to eat pickles, etc. Picture of Edward Lear The Owl and the Pussycat poem The Owl and the Pussycat went to sea In a beautiful pea-green boat, They took some honey, and plenty of money, Wrapped up in a five pound note. The Owl looked up to the stars above, And sang to a small guitar, "O lovely Pussy! O Pussy, my love, What a beautiful Pussy you are, you are, you are, What a beautiful Pussy you are." Pussy said to the Owl "You elegant fowl, How charmingly sweet you sing. O let us be married, too long we have tarried; But what shall we do for a ring?" They sailed away, for a year and a day, To the land where the Bong-tree grows, And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood With a ring at the end of his nose, his nose, his nose, With a ring at the end of his nose. "Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling your ring?" Said the Piggy, "I will" So they took it away, and were married next day By the Turkey who lives on the hill. They dined on mince, and slices of quince, Which they ate with a runcible spoon. And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand. They danced by the light of the moon, the moon, the moon, They danced by the light of the moon. Category	Puss in Boots \| Open Access articles \| Open Access journals \| Conference Proceedings \| Editors \| Authors \| Reviewers \| scientific events Published in English 1729 "Master Cat; or, The Booted Cat" ( Italian : Il gatto con gli stivali; French : Le Maître Chat, ou Le Chat Botté; Polish : Kot w butach); commonly known in English as "Puss in Boots", is a European literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master. The oldest record of written history dates from Italian author Giovanni Francesco Straparola , who included it in his The Facetious Nights of Straparola (c. 1550-53) in XIV-XV. Another version was published in 1634 by Giambattista Basile with the title Cagliuso. The tale was written in French at the close of the seventeenth century by Charles Perrault (1628–1703), a retired civil servant and member of the Académie française . [1] The tale appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript two years before its 1697 publication by Barbin in a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault called Histoires ou contes du temps passé . [2] [3] The book was an instant success and remains popular. [1] Perrault's Histoires has had considerable impact on world culture. The original Italian title of the first edition was Costantino Fortunato, but was later known as Il gatto con gli stivali (lit. The cat with the boots); the French title was "Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités" with the subtitle "Les Contes de ma mère l'Oye" ("Stories or Fairy Tales from Past Times with Morals", subtitled " Mother Goose Tales "). The frontispiece to the earliest English editions depicts an old woman telling tales to a group of children beneath a placard inscribed "MOTHER GOOSE'S TALES" and is credited with launching the Mother Goose legend in the English-speaking world. [2] "Puss in Boots" has provided inspiration for composers, choreographers, and other artists over the centuries. The cat appears in the third act pas de caractère of Tchaikovsky 's ballet The Sleeping Beauty , for example, [4] and makes appearances in other media. Puss in Boots is a popular pantomime in the UK. Contents 8 External links Plot The tale opens with the third and youngest son of a miller receiving his inheritance —a cat . At first, the youngest son laments, as the eldest brother gains the mill, and the middle brother gets the mules . The feline is no ordinary cat, however, but one who requests and receives a pair of boots. Determined to make his master's fortune, the cat bags a rabbit in the forest and presents it to the king as a gift from his master, the fictional Marquis of Carabas. The cat continues making gifts of game to the king for several months. File:Lechatbotte4.jpg Puss meets the ogre in a nineteenth-century illustration by Gustave Doré One day, the king decided that he wanted his daughter to marry the cat's master. The cat persuades his master to remove his clothes and enter the river. The cat disposes of his master's clothing beneath a rock. As the royal coach nears, the cat begins calling for help in great distress. When the king stops to investigate, the cat tells him that his master the Marquis has been bathing in the river and robbed of his clothing. The king has the young man brought from the river, dressed in a splendid suit of clothes, and seated in the coach with his daughter, who falls in love with him at once. The cat hurries ahead of the coach, ordering the country folk along the road to tell the king that the land belongs to the "Marquis of Carabas", saying that if they do not he will cut them into mincemeat. The cat then happens upon a castle inhabited by an ogre who is capable of transforming himself into a number of creatures. The ogre displays his ability by changing into a lion , frightening the cat, who then tricks the ogre into changing into a mouse . The cat then pounces upon the mouse and devours it. The king arrives at the castle that formerly belonged to the ogre, and, impressed with the bogus Marquis	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,233	Which woman was the singer with Jefferson Airplane?	Jefferson Airplane: The Official Website » Grace Slick Others Grace Slick, to the public mind, is synonymous with Jefferson Airplane and Jefferson Starship in the way that Mick Jagger is synonymous with the Rolling Stones. Ironically, Grace was not an original member of the band, nor was she with Starship at the very end. But Grace’s importance to every phase of the band cannot be underestimated. White Rabbit, which she wrote, helped define not only Jefferson Airplane but also the acid rock era. Her unconventional vocals on Somebody to Love gave the Airplane its biggest hit. As one of the first female rock stars (as opposed to pop singers), Grace helped redefine women’s role in modern music as more than just a sex symbol backed by a band. Of course, with her statuesque beauty and icy blue eyes, Grace had the sex symbol bit down pat as well. Grace Barnett Wing was born October 30, 1939, in Highland Park, a suburb of Chicago, IL. Her father, Ivan, was an investment banker, and her mother, Virginia Barnett Wing, had been an actress and singer in the early ’30s. Her lineage goes back to Norway, where the family name was Vinje. Grace attended Finch College, a prestigious finishing school for girls, in New York (1957-58), before transferring to the University of Miami (1958-59), where she majored in art. She tried her hand at various odd jobs and even auditioned as a singer at a black record label. But although she modeled for I. Magnin’s department store from 1960-63, Grace later said she had no ambitions beyond being a housewife. On August 26, 1961, she married Gerald “Jerry” Slick, a film student and later a successful cinematographer. She later described the marriage as passionless and the result of “cultural imposition.” But it was during this marriage that she wrote her first song — a piece for one of Jerry’s film projects. In August 1965, Grace read an article in the San Francisco Chronicle about a new band called Jefferson Airplane. A week later, she and Jerry checked out the band at the Matrix. Deciding that being in a rock band looked like a lot of fun and paid better than modeling, Grace and Jerry soon formed their own band, the Great Society. Jerry played drums, and his brother Darby Slick joined on guitar. With the lineup completed by David Minor (guitar/vocals), the Great Society made its debut at the Coffee Gallery in San Francisco’s North Beach section on October 15, 1965. Despite her rather late entry into rock ‘n’ roll, Grace proved herself a talented singer. She attempted to imitate the sound of an electric guitar and developed a unique and forceful singing style. She also discovered a knack for writing songs — White Rabbit was one of her first compositions. Grace has always said that White Rabbit was intended as a slap toward parents who read their children stories such as Alice in Wonderland (in which Alice uses several drug-like substances in order to change herself) and then wondered why their children grew up to do drugs. For Grace and others in the ’60s, drugs were an inevitable part of mind-expanding and social experimentation. With its enigmatic lyrics, White Rabbit became one of the first songs to sneak drug references past censors on the radio. Even Marty Balin, Grace’s eventual rival in the Airplane, regarded the song as a “masterpiece.” In 1966, one Sylvester Stewart (the future Sly of Sly and the Family Stone) walked out as the band’s producer of a demo after it took the band 50 takes to get one song right. However, Grace’s talent carried the band, and they found themselves opening for Jefferson Airplane and other successful, local bands. Columbia Records even offered the Great Society a recording contract (and would release two albums by the band after Grace found fame), but, by the time the contract arrived in the mail, the Great Society was no more. In September 1966, the Airplane put bassist Jack Casady up to asking Grace if she might be interested in joining them. For Grace, it was a no-brainer; the Airplane had already released an album and seemed on the verge of a major breakthrough. Afte	Loretta Lynn \| Country Music Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Lynn is the daughter of coal miner Theodore Melvin "Ted" Webb (October 24, 1906 – February 23, 1959) and Clara Marie "Clary" ( née Ramey; May 5, 1912 – November 24, 1981). [3 ] Path to stardom Edit In January 1948, Loretta married Oliver "Doolittle" Lynn [4 ] (1926–1996). Their life together helped inspire the music she wrote. [5 ] In 1953 Doolittle bought her a $17 Harmony guitar. [6 ] She taught herself to play. Over the following three years she worked to improve her guitar playing and with Doolittle's encouragement started her own band, "Loretta and the Trailblazers", with her brother, Jay Lee, playing lead guitar. She often appeared at Bill's Tavern in Blaine, Washington , and the Delta Grange Hall in Custer, Washington , with the Pen Brothers' band and The Westerneers. She eventually cut her first record, "Honky Tonk Girl", in February 1960.[ citation needed ] She became a part of the country music scene in Nashville in the 1960s, and in 1967 charted her first of 16 number-one hits (out of 70 charted songs as a solo artist and a duet partner) [7 ] that include " Don't Come Home A' Drinkin' (With Lovin' on Your Mind) ", " You Ain't Woman Enough ", " Fist City ", and " Coal Miner's Daughter ". [8 ] Lynn focused on blue-collar women's issues with themes about philandering husbands and persistent mistresses, inspired by issues she faced in her marriage. She pushed boundaries in the conservative genre of country music by singing about birth control (" The Pill "), repeated childbirth (" One's on the Way "), double standards for men and women (" Rated "X" "), and being widowed by the draft during the Vietnam War ("Dear Uncle Sam"). [9 ] Country music radio stations often refused to play her music, banning nine of her songs, but Lynn pushed on to become "The First Lady of Country Music". In 1980, her best-selling 1976 autobiography Coal Miner's Daughter was made into an Academy Award -winning film, Coal Miner's Daughter , starring Sissy Spacek and Tommy Lee Jones . Her most recent album, Van Lear Rose , released in 2004, was produced by fellow musician Jack White ; Lynn and White were nominated for five Grammys and won two. [10 ] Lynn has received numerous awards in country and American music. She was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1983, the Country Music Hall Of Fame in 1988, and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008, and she was honored in 2010 at the Country Music Awards . Her most recent honor is the 2013 Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama (awarded also to Bill Clinton , Oprah Winfrey , and Bob Dylan ). Lynn has been a member of The Grand Ole Opry since joining on September 25, 1962; her first appearance on the Grand Ole Opry was on October 15, 1960. Lynn has recorded 70 albums, including 54 studio albums, 15 compilation albums, and one tribute album, and has sold over 48 million albums worldwide in her career. [11 ] Personal life Edit At age 15 Lynn married 21-year-old Oliver Vanetta Lynn , known variously as "Doolittle", "Doo", or "Mooney", on January 10, 1948. The couple had met one month earlier in December 1947. [1 ] A year later the couple left Kentucky and moved to the logging community of Custer, Washington while Lynn was seven months pregnant with the first of their six children. [3 ] Children and grandchildren The Lynns had three children by the time Loretta was 19 and she gave birth to their fourth child, Cissie, by age 20. The Lynns had six children altogether: Betty Sue Lynn, November 26, 1948 – July 29, 2013 (aged 64) from emphysema [14 ] Jack Benny Lynn, December 7, 1949 – July 22, 1984 (aged 34) by drowning. [15 ] Ernest Ray Lynn, April 12, 1951 (age 64) Clara Marie Lynn (Cissie), April 7, 1952 (age 63) Peggy Jean and Patsy Eileen Lynn (twins; latter named for Patsy Cline ), August 6, 1964 (age 51) Lynn has survived two of her six children. Her second child and eldest son, Jack Benny, died at age 34 on July 22, 1984, while trying to ford the Duck River at the fam	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,234	What is phonetics the study of?	What is phonetics? What is phonetics? Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds. Branches Phonetics is divided into three branches: The study of the sound waves made by the human vocal organs for communication. Auditory phonetics The study of how speech sounds are perceived by the ear, auditory nerve, and brain. Source In bookshelf: Linguistics This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library , Version 5.0 published on CD-ROM by SIL International , 2003. [ Ordering information .] Page content last modified: 2 July 1998 © 2004 SIL International	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,235	In 1936, Anastasio Somoza became the dictator of which country?	Nicaragua - The Somoza Era, 1936-74 The Somoza Era, 1936-74 Nicaragua Table of Contents Somoza Garc�a controlled political power, directly as president or indirectly through carefully chosen puppet presidents, from 1936 until his assassination in 1956. A cynical and opportunistic individual, Somoza Garc�a ruled Nicaragua with a strong arm, deriving his power from three main sources: the ownership or control of large portions of the Nicaraguan economy, the military support of the National Guard, and his acceptance and support from the United States. His excellent command of the English language and understanding of United States culture, combined with a charming personality and considerable political talent and resourcefulness, helped Somoza Garc�a win many powerful allies in the United States. Through large investments in land, manufacturing, transport, and real estate, he enriched himself and his close friends. After Somoza Garc�a won in the December 1936 presidential elections, he diligently proceeded to consolidate his power within the National Guard, while at the same time dividing his political opponents. Family members and close associates were given key positions within the government and the military. The Somoza family also controlled the PLN, which in turn controlled the legislature and judicial system, thus giving Somoza Garc�a absolute power over every sphere of Nicaraguan politics. Nominal political opposition was allowed as long as it did not threaten the ruling elite. Somoza Garc�a's National Guard repressed serious political opposition and antigovernment demonstrations. The institutional power of the National Guard grew in most government-owned enterprises, until eventually it controlled the national radio and telegraph networks, the postal and immigration services, health services, the internal revenue service, and the national railroads. In less than two years after his election, Somoza Garc�a, defying the Conservative Party, declared his intention to stay in power beyond his presidential term. Thus, in 1938 Somoza Garc�a named a Constituent Assembly that gave the president extensive power and elected him for another eight-year term. Somoza Garc�a's opportunistic support of the Allies during World War II benefited Nicaragua by injecting desperately needed United States funds into the economy and increasing military capabilities. Nicaragua received relatively large amounts of military aid and enthusiastically integrated its economy into the wartime hemispheric economic plan, providing raw materials in support of the Allied war effort. Exports of timber, gold, and cotton soared. However, because more than 90 percent of all exports went to the United States, the growth in trade also increased the country's economic and political dependence. Somoza Garc�a built an immense fortune for himself and his family during the 1940s through substantial investments in agricultural exports, especially in coffee and cattle. The government confiscated German properties and then sold them to Somoza Garc�a and his family at ridiculously low prices. Among his many industrial enterprises, Somoza Garc�a owned textile companies, sugar mills, rum distilleries, the merchant marine lines, the national Nicaraguan Airlines (L�neas A�reas de Nicaragua--Lanica), and La Salud dairy--the country's only pasteurized milk facility. Somoza Garc�a also gained large profits from economic concessions to national and foreign companies, bribes, and illegal exports. By the end of World War II, Somoza Garc�a had amassed one of the largest fortunes in the region--an estimated US$60 million. After World War II, however, widespread domestic and international opposit	Round 3 Jeopardy Template What is the Ford Mustang? This still-popular muscle car was launched late in 1964, what is it? 100 What is the Syndy Opera House? In 1973, which famous building with a roof resembling sails opened after 16 years of construction? 100 What are young urban professionals? The word “yuppie” was popularized in the 80s; what does it represent? 100 Which figure skater was accused of breaking a competitor’s kneecaps before the 1994 Olympics? 100 What is Denver, Co? What city did Barack Obama formally accept the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election in 2008? 200 What is Mister Ed? Picked up by CBS in 1961, what famous TV show had a vocal equine as its star? 200 Who was Jimi Hendrix? What American singer-songwriter, who is considered by many to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history, died in 1970? 200 What Soviet leader replaced Chernenko in 1985? 200 What food chain uses this slogan: “Think outside the bun”? 200 What is Katrina? In 2005, what hurricane devastated the Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama coastal regions, and flooded approximately 80% of the city of New Orleans? 300 Name the Organization created to fight for important women’s issues? 300 What was the name of NASA's first space shuttle that was unveiled in 1976? 300 Who is Sally Ride? The Space Shuttle Challenger took the first woman into space in 1983, what was her name? 300 What is the Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame? What famous museum opened in 1995 in Cleveland, Ohio? 300 Who is Charles Manson? Wedding plans were announced in 2014 for a 26 year-old Illinois woman and which 80 year-old incarcerated mass murderer? 400 What famous property, purchased in 1965, was once a swamp land in Osceola County, California? 400 What is Three Mile Island? In 1979, a nuclear accident happened at what Pennsylvania power plant? 400 In 1984, which restaurant chain featured this line in their commercial, “Where’s the beef?” 400 Who was the youngest singer to win a Grammy in 1997? 400 What is ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease)? In 2014, the Ice Water Bucket challenge was established for what charity? 500 Who is Sirhan Sirhan? The 1960s were a decade of high-profile assassinations (President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.) Name the assassin who is still alive. 500 What is In Vitro Fertilization? In 1978, the first test tube baby was born following what procedure? 500 Who was Jim Thorpe? Which Olympic athlete had his gold medals reinstated in the decathlon and the pentathlon, 30 years after his death? 500 What is Yellow Pages? In the 90s, which company used this phrase for their slogan "Let your fingers do the walking"? 500 Who is Psy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,236	Katanga is a province in which African country?	Katanga \| historical state, Africa \| Britannica.com historical state, Africa German Democratic Republic Katanga, formerly (1972–97) Shaba , historical region in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo , bordering Lake Tanganyika to the east, Zambia to the south, and Angola to the west. The name Shaba, the region’s name during the Zairean period, comes from the Swahili word for copper , and the region’s mines yield most of Congo’s copper, cobalt, uranium , zinc, cadmium, silver, germanium, coal, gold , iron, manganese, and tin. Local people used those minerals before the arrival of Europeans in the 19th century. Economic development since 1900 has brought about a complex of mining and industrial towns and transportation and communications networks, which make the region the most highly industrialized in Congo outside of Kinshasa , the national capital. Agriculture (cotton, tobacco, corn [maize], and vegetables), livestock herding, and poultry raising are also significant. The major towns of the region include Lubumbashi , Likasi, and Kolwezi . Upemba and Kundelungu national parks are in Katanga. Katanga was under Belgian colonial administration from 1885 and was the scene of much strife following independence. In 1960, led by a local politician, Moise Tshombe , and supported by foreign mining interests, Katanga seceded from the newly independent Congo and entered into a period of political confusion and bloodshed involving Congolese, Belgian, and United Nations forces. After the fighting ended in 1963, the region gradually became reintegrated into the republic , while some rebel leaders took refuge in Angola. In 1977 they unsuccessfully invaded Zaire (as Congo was then called) from Angola, and unrest continued into the late 20th century. Learn More in these related articles:	Historical Country Names - Nations Online Project Historical Country Names keywords: geography, historical country names, former country names, history, place name changes, historical maps List of formerly used country names and names of countries which have ceased to exist. Name changes of countries, dependencies, geographical and other regions of particular geopolitical interest. Today Abyssinia The Ethiopian Empire spans a geographical area of today Ethiopia, Eritrea , and Djibouti ,and included parts of Northern Somalia , Southern Egypt , Eastern Sudan , Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia . Abyssinia was an empire that existed for more than 800 years, from circa 1137 (beginning of Zagwe Dynasty) until 1974 when the Ethiopian monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat. Afars and Issas Territory formerly known as French Somaliland, the French colony was renamed to the French Territory of Afars and Issas (1967 - 1977),the territory became independent in 1977, known today as Djibouti. formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as the Kingdom of Lesotho. formerly a British protectorate became independent in 1966 as Republic of Botswana. Democratic Republic of the Congo Benadir a coastal region of Somalia; covering most of the Indian Ocean coast of the country, from the Gulf of Aden to the Juba River, formerly part of Italian Somaliland. Biafra, Republic of (named after the Bight of Biafra) today part of Bophuthatswana - nominal republic and homeland for Tswana-speaking people, 1949 reincorporated into British Bechuanaland (region) incorporated into the Cape Colony (1895) British East Africa or East Africa Protectorate British protectorate from 1890 until 1920 Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda , and parts of Somalia (Jubaland) Cape Colony, 1795-1797 British colony, 1803-1806 colony of the Batavian Republic (Netherlands), since 1910 part of Central African Republic Kenya Colony The Colony and Protectorate of Kenya was part of the British Empire in Africa. It was established when the former East Africa Protectorate was transformed into a British crown colony in 1920. Ciskei (Republic of Ciskei)- homeland for Xhosa-speaking people, 1994 reincorporated into Dahomey ; (the Republic of Dahomey; in French: République du Dahomey), was a former French colony andpart of French West Africa until independence in 1960, in 1975 the Republic of Dahomeychanged its name in Benin. Dan Ho Me was an ancient Kingdom located in the south of today Benin. French Guinea was a French protectorate in West Africa, after independence from France in 1958 it became today Mali French West Africa was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia and Niger, French Sudan , French Guinea , Côte d'Ivoire, Upper Volta and Dahomey . Mauritania , The Gambia , Senegal , Niger , Mali , Guinea , Côte d'Ivoire , Burkina Faso and Benin. German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) a German colony from 1885 until 1919 which included Burundi, Rwanda and Tanganyika (the mainland part of present Tanzania), an area almost three times the size of Germany today. German East Africa colony ended with the defeat of Imperial Germany in World War I. With the Treaty of Versailles the territory was divided between Britain (Tanganyika.), Belgium (Ruanda-Urundi), and Portugal (to become part of Mozambique). Hausaland, consisted of seven independent city-states: Biram, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano, and Zaria. Italian East Africa (former name for Italian possessions in eastern Africa) Kaffraria, former name for Transkei Katanga - 1960, Belgium granted independence to the Congolese province of the Mali Federation, was a country in West Africa 1959-1960, formed by a union between Malawi Portuguese East Africa (Província Ultramarina de Moçambique) Mozambique or Portuguese East Africa (officially the State of East Africa) for almost 500 years a Portuguese Colony, 1498–1975. See also: Portugal Sahara Occidental, Spanish name for Senegambia (region; former name of the confederation of Senegal and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,237	Name the tennis star who was stabbed during a tournament in Hamburg in 1993?	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 30 \| 1993: Tennis star stabbed About This Site \| Text Only 1993: Tennis star stabbed The world number one women's tennis player, Monica Seles, has been stabbed in the back during a quarter-final match in Hamburg. The 19-year-old American star was rushed to hospital with a wound half an inch (1.5cm) deep in her upper back. Doctors said her injuries were serious, but not life-threatening. "She was very lucky," said the tournament doctor, Peter Wind. "Neither the lungs nor the shoulder blades were affected. Monica is still suffering from shock, and will stay overnight for observation." There was immediate speculation that the attack was politically motivated because of Monica Seles's Serbian roots. She is known to have received death threats in connection with the Yugoslav conflict. But Hamburg police were quick to rule this out. They described her attacker as a 38-year-old man from East Germany, and said he appeared confused and may be mentally disturbed. Later reports suggested he may have been a fan of tennis rival Steffi Graf. In full view of crowd The attack happened during the rest break in the match, against Bulgarian player Maggie Maleeva. Miss Seles was leading 6-4, 4-3 when she took a rest on her courtside seat during the changeover. A man described as stocky and balding leaned over the three-feet-high (91 cm) barrier and stabbed her from behind. Miss Seles let out a scream, clutched her back and stumbled on to the court. The attack took place in full view of the 6,000-strong crowd watching the match. "He held the knife with both hands as he stabbed her in the back," said one eyewitness. The umpire, Stefan Voss, ran from his chair for ice and a towel. "Nobody saw him coming," he said. He described the 10-inch (25cm) long knife, which fell on the floor following the attack, as "a kitchen knife, like the sort you cut meat with. It was very sharp." Monica Seles is expected to be out of action for about four weeks, missing the Italian Open, which begins on Monday, and the French Open on 24 May, in which she was to have been the defending champion. Her participation in Wimbledon in June is also in question.	On This Day 1926: The first greyhound meeting with a mechanical hare took place at Belle Vue, Manchester. 2000: Portugal midfielder Luis Figo, star of Euro 2000, became the world's most expensive footballer when he joined Real Madrid for £37million from Barcelona. 2005: Australia won the first Ashes Test at Lord's by 239 runs. England recovered to win a memorable series 2-1. 2005: Lance Armstrong won a record seventh successive Tour de France - his final Tour before his temporary retirement. He was later stripped of all his titles after evidence of his doping emerged. 2009: England midfielder Steven Gerrard was found not guilty of affray by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court. 2010: Down thrashed Sligo in round four of the SFC qualifiers, winning by 3-20 to 0-10. 2010: Former world snooker champion Alex Higgins died at the age of 61. 2014: Brothers Alastair and Jonny Brownlee finished first and second for England in the Commonwealth Games men's triathlon in Glasgow. Birthdays Zaheer Abbas (cricket) - former Pakistan and Gloucestershire batsman, born 1947. Jim Leighton (soccer) - former Manchester United, Aberdeen and Scotland goalkeeper, born 1958. Barry Bonds (baseball) - controversial former San Francisco Giants star, holder of the all-time record for home runs in Major League, born 1964. Martin Keown (soccer) - former Arsenal and England defender, born 1966. Steven Richardson (golf) - played in 1991 Ryder Cup, born 1966. Dino Baggio (soccer) - former Italy midfielder who had a brief spell on loan at Blackburn in 2003, born 1971. Daniele De Rossi (soccer) - Roma and Italy midfielder, born 1983. Lukas Rosol (tennis) - Czech world number 54, famous for defeating Rafael Nadal at Wimbledon in 2012, born 1985. Quick Quiz Blitz 1 Which three football clubs have won all four English divisional titles? 2 Australia fast bowler Shaun Tait is playing for which county in this summer's NatWest T20 Blast? 3 British number one women's tennis player Johanna Konta was born in which city? 4 Who has been the top jockey at the Cheltenham Festival for eight of the last nine years? 5 Who scored the goal for Tipperary in All-Ireland SFC success over Derry? Sport on TV Today (Sunday, July 24) GAA: The Sunday Game Live - RTE 1 (1.30pm) - Waterford v Wexford (Throw-in 2.00pm) and Galway v Clare (Throw-in 4.00pm); The Sunday Game - RTE 2 - 21.30 SOCCER: International Champions Cup, Inter Milan v Paris St Germain - Sky Sports 1 2200; Euro Under-19s final - Eurosport 1 1905; MLS, New York Red Bulls v New York City FC - Sky Sports 3 1755, Sporting Kansas City v Seattle Sounders - Sky Sports 3 2000; Women's Super League, Notts County v Man City - BT Sport 1 1530. CRICKET: Second Test, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; First Test, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 5 1455. GOLF: PGA Tour, Canadian Open - Sky Sports 4 1800; Senior Open, Carnoustie - Sky Sports 4 1330; LPGA Tour, Scottish Open - Sky Sports 4 1030. CYCLING: Tour de France stage 21 - ITV4 1300, Eurosport 1 1530, ITV4 1200, S4C 1600; Tour de France women's 90km race - Eurosport 1 1330. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Citi Open - Sky Sports 2 2000; WTA Tour - Stanford Classic, BT Sport 1 2200. MOTOR RACING: Formula One, Hungarian Grand Prix race - Channel 4 1200, Sky Sports F1 1230. ATHLETICS: World Junior Championships, Bydgoszcz - Eurosport 2 2115. MOTORCYCLE RACING: British Superbikes - Eurosport 2 1230. DARTS: World Matchplay - Sky Sports 1 1900. SAILING: America's Cup World Series - BT Sport 1 1245. BASEBALL: MLB - BT Sport/ESPN 1800, BT Sport 2 1900, Los Angeles Dodgers v St Louis Cardinals BT Sport/ESPN 0100 (Mon). Tomorrow (Monday, July 25) CRICKET: Fourth day of the second Investec Test from Old Trafford, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; final day of the first Test from North Sound, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 1 1455. SOCCER: Betfred Cup first round, Rangers v Stranraer - BT Sport 1 1915. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Rogers Cup from Toronto - Sky Sports 3 1600; WTA Tour, Rogers Cup from Montreal - BT Sport 2 1730, BT Sport 1 0000 (Tue). CYCLING: Tour de Wallonie stage three - Eurosport 2 1415.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,238	Which TV series featured Brett Butler playing the main character called Grace Kelly?	Grace Under Fire (TV Series 1993–1998) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Grace is a recovering alcoholic, now divorced from an abusive husband, struggling to bring up three children on her own. Creator: a list of 26 titles created 19 Feb 2012 a list of 28 titles created 09 Mar 2013 a list of 24 titles created 26 Dec 2013 a list of 26 titles created 30 Mar 2015 a list of 43 titles created 1 week ago Title: Grace Under Fire (1993–1998) 6.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 3 Golden Globes. Another 7 wins & 19 nominations. See more awards » Photos A struggling, middle-aged actress attempts to make a career in Hollywood, all while surrounded by her hard-drinking best friend Maryann, her two ex-husbands, Ira and Jeff, and her two daughters, headstrong Zoey and agreeable Rachel. Stars: Cybill Shepherd, Christine Baranski, Alicia Witt Ellen Morgan is a neurotic bookstore owner who deals with life through comedy and extensive rambling. Stars: Ellen DeGeneres, David Anthony Higgins, Joely Fisher Jack owns a magazine and is the former brother-in-law of Susan. After she runs out on her fiancé on their wedding day, Jack agrees to take her back at the magazine. Stars: Brooke Shields, Judd Nelson, Kathy Griffin Caroline Duffy is a successful cartoonist living in Manhattan whose comic strip "Caroline in the City" has become a huge hit. The strip is based on her own life, and the people in it - her ... See full summary » Stars: Lea Thompson, Malcolm Gets, Amy Pietz Drew is an assistant director of personnel in a Cleveland department store and he has been stuck there for ten years. Other than fighting with co-worker Mimi, his hobbies include drinking ... See full summary » Stars: Drew Carey, Diedrich Bader, Ryan Stiles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.3/10 X A free spirited yoga instructor finds true love in a conservative lawyer and they got married on the first date. Though they are polar opposites; her need of stability is fulfilled with him, his need of optimism is fulfilled with her. Stars: Jenna Elfman, Thomas Gibson, Joel Murray Veronica is the best romance expert around. Unfortunately, her expertise only works on others. After dumping her womanizing husband, she must build back her life and image through her ... See full summary » Stars: Kirstie Alley, Kathy Najimy, Dan Cortese Hot-tempered journalist Maya Gallo got herself fired from yet another job when she made an anchorwoman cry on the air with some gag copy on the teleprompter. Unable to find a job anywhere ... See full summary » Stars: Laura San Giacomo, Enrico Colantoni, George Segal The misadventures of a tough female television journalist and her friends. Stars: Candice Bergen, Grant Shaud, Robert Pastorelli Yes, Dear is a comedy about two young couples and their outrageously contrasting views on parenting. First-time parents, Greg and Kim Warner struggle on a daily basis to become perfect at ... See full summary » Stars: Anthony Clark, Liza Snyder, Jean Louisa Kelly Ned and Stacey get married after one week after meeting each other. He marries her to get a promotion. She marries him because she can't seem to find a place to live and likes his apartment... See full summary » Stars: Thomas Haden Church, Debra Messing, Greg Germann After his wife leaves him for his best friend, John Lacey joins the One Two One Club, a support group for divorced and widowed people. The group consists of its fiery British leader Louise,... See full summary » Stars: Judd Hirsch, Jere Burns, Jane Carr Edit Storyline After divorcing her abusive, alcoholic husband and recovering from her own alcoholism, Grace tries to rebuild her life and protect her children from making the same mistakes. Against this serious backdrop, this show is actually	Gloria (TV Series 1982–1983) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error This spin-off of "All in the Family" features the further adventures of Gloria Stivic and her son Joey. She and Mike are separated and she's gotten a job in a veterinarian's office. Creators: a list of 24 titles created 13 Jun 2011 a list of 40 titles created 10 Dec 2013 a list of 6 titles created 03 Jun 2014 a list of 25 titles created 26 Sep 2014 a list of 818 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Gloria " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? The further misadventures of Archie Bunker, now the owner of a local pub, and his regulars. Stars: Carroll O'Connor, Danielle Brisebois, Allan Melvin A working class bigot constantly squabbles with his family over the important issues of the day. Stars: Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner 704 Hauser (TV Series 1994) Comedy Controversial show about a politically correct multi-ethnical family who moves into Archie Bunker's old house. Stars: John Amos, Lynnie Godfrey, T.E. Russell Checking In (TV Series 1981) Comedy The misadventures of Florence Johnson, a hotel maid who was previously seen serving the Jeffersons. Stars: Marla Gibbs, Patrick Collins, Robert Costanzo The sit-com takes us into the further adventures of the characters from the movie of the same name. Stars: Rachel Dennison, Valerie Curtin, Sally Struthers Emily Cates is left at home alone when a stranger breaks in and holds her hostage. Director: Ivan Nagy Edit Storyline This spin-off of "All in the Family" features the further adventures of Gloria Stivic and her son Joey. She and Mike are separated and she's gotten a job in a veterinarian's office. Did You Know? Trivia Carroll O'Connor was asked by Sally Strothers to play Archie in.the pilot but he refused because he thought the show was a bad idea. See more » Connections (United States) – See all my reviews All in the Family actually spun off another show. You actually forgot another spin-off. Marla Gibb's character Florence from The Jeffersons was spun off in a series called Checking In (1981). It did not last and her character returned to her original show. That was a plus for The Jeffersons. She was brilliant on the original show but the writing was very weak on her spin-off. Another show that caused multiple spin-offs was Love American Style...which gave us Happy Days which gave us Laverne and Shirley, Mork and Mindy, Joanie Loves Chacchi and Out of the Blue. In Mork and Out characters appeared only once in Happy Days and then they were spun off into their own series. 2 of 8 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,239	Which member of the German army was not so secretly in love with Rene in Allo Allo?	"'Allo 'Allo!" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb trailers and videos full cast and crew trivia official sites memorable quotes Overview 4 out of 5 people found the following review useful: Ingenious show on a WW2 backdrop 24 April 2008 * This review may contain spoilers * "Allo,allo" was one of my first sitcom-experiences,it was launched when I was 8 and well before the boom of American sitcoms in Sweden. It felt cozy despite being set on a WW2 backdrop,it dealt with difficult subjects in a humorous manner without ever being tasteless.It corroborated the fact that laughter may be a very effective and uniting way of dealing with difficult and tabooed issues. Of course it's full of ethnic stereotypes(not least the British!),but they are almost always created with heart and warmth.Even the Germans. The show rotates around René Artois,a café-owner in the small town of Nouvion somewhere in France.He's married to Edith Melba since many years,and he's constantly cheating on her.Mostly with his waitresses,Yvette and Maria(who is replaced by Mimi Labonq in season 3). René's dilemma is surviving the war with as little trouble as possible and to do so he feels compelled to stay on the sweet side of both the Resistance,the German army,the Gestapo and the communist resistance.Not an easy task. The German lieutenant Gruber is gay and is almost immediately attracted to René,who despite the fact that he's not only bald and corpulent,but also married seem to be the most sought-after man in Nouvion. Other significant characters is Edith's mother Fanny LaFan(mostly referred to as "the silly old bat" by René),Michelle of the Resistance with her ever reoccurring one-liner "listen carefully,I shall say this only once",Fanny's fiancé Monsieur Leclerc(possibly Edith's father),Monsieur Alphonse the undertaker(and Edith's suitor)and the ever hilarious officer Crabtree,a British intelligence agent who works under cover in Nouvion disguised as a police officer.Known for his bad french. And of course the waitresses.And the German colonel Von Strohm,lieutenant Gruber,Gestapo officer Flick and his sidekick Engelbert Von Smallhausen,Helga...all very enjoyable. Some one-liners are repeated a bit too often,like when René calls Edith "you stupid woman" each time she catches him in the arms of a waitress,but it doesn't matter much. Few people will be able to resist the charm of this Britcom classic. Buy the box and enjoy when you feel cold and sad,it's a remedy as good as any,I promise! Was the above review useful to you? 4 out of 5 people found the following review useful: Read this very carefully, i shall write this only once. from the Netherlands 17 February 2008 "'Allo 'Allo!" is an terrific comedy most commonly known because of its funny accents. Jeremy Lloyd and David Croft experimented with a storyline that continues through the episodes: the paintings for example. But still, every episode has a story of its own. 'Allo 'Allo! is set in Nazi occupied France, in a little town called Nouvion. Café owner René Artois is trying to get through the war by dealing with the Germans (and one Italian), the Gestapo, the Resistance, the Communist Resistance, his affairs with his waitresses and his wife. Besides that, there's also the "french-speaking" secret agent Crabtree, who is dressed as a gendarme. René is usually mixed up in some ridiculous plan of Michelle ("i shall say this only once") of the resistance to help the British airman, who are hiding in his café, to escape. In the series, fun is made out of almost everything involving the war. This is why there was a lot of criticism when the show first aired. I think we shouldn't take 'Allo 'Allo! so seriously, it's just a brilliant and timeless comedy. Was the above review useful to you? 4 out of 5 people found the following review useful: Once of the best comedies ever written 29 March 2006 LISTEN CAREFULLY I WILL SAY THIS ONLY ONCE I have watched every episode from pilot to finale many times over and i still laugh. If you cant laugh at allo allo then there is something truly wrong with you its British humo	Reviews Review from Mojo by John Harris In which success allows the trio to stretch out, cut down on the faux-punkery, grope towards a more grandiloquent musical language, and let their more experimental side run riot - as on the instrumental(ish) title track. Replete with the recorded debut of the strange Esperanto that Sting would gleefully employ on-stage ("Gee-yo, Gee-yo, Gee-yo-yo", indeed), it was edited down to under three minutes and brazenly picked as Track 2, and stands as a freeform try-out for the expansive art-pop that was becoming their metier (see also 'Walking On The Moon' and the effects-laden verses of 'Deathwish'). 'The Bed's Too Big Without You' is so stereotypically Police-esque that it verges on the self-parodic; better, by some distance, is 'Bring On The Night', equally representative of their debt to reggae, but taken somewhere compellingly different by Summers' African-ish guitar figures and doom-laden lyrics bound up with much-documented '70s anti-hero Gary Gilmore. Note also a trio of songs by Stewart Copeland: 'Contact', the paean to paranoia 'Does Everyone Stare' and 'On Any Other Day', and absurdist looks at suburban torpor that is hardly great art, but satirises new wave's accent on social realism to neat effect. Oh, and there's also the divine 'Message In A Bottle'. Review from the New Musical Express by Tony Stewart If people weren't so busy establishing joyless divisions of rock acceptability, creating slums of fashion and-ha! - credibility then people wouldn't hesitate to acknowledge that The Police are a great pop singles band. Reggatta de Blanc clarifies their position with considerably more emphasis than their debut, 'Outlandos d'Amour'. The most significant differences are that the second LP exploits their hits, shifts control from three to two of the group (at times developing into a duel between Sting and drummer Stewart Copeland); and perhaps because of this, often strips away the affectations of the most distinctive aspects of their style, revealing a mentality engrossed with '60s rock'n'roll. Not that it makes The Police any the less enjoyable, only that their brilliance is erratic over the length of an album, their uniqueness superficial and very much dependent on vocalist/bassist/image/hitman Sting. But his talent lies in the charisma of that dry, strained voice and his luck in occasionally concocting a pop melody and hooking that 'original' sound - original only because its origin is buried too deeply in peoples' subconscious to identify. Ironically, very little of Sting's personality managed to find its way onto this (or the previous) album, whereas Stewart Copeland - obviously intent on stating some kind of jellybellied Police democracy - injects his own idiocy into it. his three songs ('On Any Other Day' and 'Does Everyone Stare') ere unfunny attempts at humour the first a litany of domestic melodramas that could have been Soap out-takes; the second s contrived story of a misfit. Copeland's increasing dominance only shifts the power axis to the detriment of the band. His material stomps through the rudiments of traditional rock: a complete antipathy to what their best music suggests. Nevertheless he is still an integral Police-man because his joint compositions - 'Deathwish', based on a Bo Diddley beat, and Its Alright For You, a pure 50s/'60s headshaker - expose similar roots and fascinations. And whenever guitarist Andy Summers appears (rarely) by-gone techniques of shrill harmonics, sweet screaming and a mousey scratchiness are revived. Sting's bass also delves into past phrasebooks to the extent that his lines on 'No Time This Time' are straight from the old pop hit 'Judy In Disguise'. Lyrically there are similar traits, a lack of depth, freshness and insight. There isn't anything as excellent as 'Roxanne' on this LP, and even 'The Bed's Too Big Without You' a companion piece to 'Can't Stand Losing You' - is merely a lame expression of remorse, whereas 'Losing You' was a gem of snubbed petulance. Although Police music hardly withstands a critical stripping down, t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,240	If you ordered “Homard” in a French restaurant, which shellfish would you be served?	Best restaurants Best restaurants Created by Dolce&Gabbana Updated On: September 19, 2012 A selection of the best restaurants in the world Av. Paral·lel, 164, Barcelona, Catalonia Cocktail Bar · Sant Antoni · 31 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: Ferran Adrià and his brother Albert creation, here diners will be served 41 courses. Reservations are online only. Arzachena, Sardinia Seafood Restaurant · 3 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: Chef Elio Sironi will serve traditional Sardinian cuisine made only with the excellence of local products. San Vincenzo, Tuscany Restaurant · 2 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: Chef Fulvietto Pierangelini creates yummy dishes like tagliolini with Sicilian pesto or greater amberjack with black truffle and capers, spinaches and leeks cream. 60 Henry St (at Cranberry Street), Brooklyn, NY Italian Restaurant · Brooklyn Heights · 48 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: The menu offers pizzas and handmade pastas at this handsome Italian restaurant. 518 W 27th St (at 10th Ave), New York, NY Hotel · Chelsea · 72 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: Chef Olivier Reginensi offers “French fare with a Latin flair”: turbot a la plancha, roasted Maine lobster, Berkshire Pork chop with chestnuts, black Angus Ny Strip steak. 1301 N State Pkwy (at Goethe St), Chicago, IL American Restaurant · Gold Coast · 94 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: Reopened focusing on farm-to-table and organic cuisine. On the menu, among the dishes are: slow-baked Atlantic salmon, over roasted lobster, chicken-liver toast and roasted carrot and avocado salad. 8400 Wilshire Blvd (at Gale Dr.), Beverly Hills, CA Vietnamese Restaurant · West Los Angeles · 90 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: This totally unconventional Vietnamese Restaurant in Los Angeles is an homage to Asian cuisine without pretending to be a fusion experiment. Try their Spring Rolls, Thai chili and Bun Cha. 461 W 23rd St (10th Ave.), New York, NY French Restaurant · Chelsea · 53 tips and reviews Dolce&Gabbana: At Alain Allegretti’s handsome chef new restaurant in New York you can taste French Riviera cuisine with some Italian, Spanish, Portuguese influeneces. What's not to love? Piazza Risorgimento (via Carlo Poerio), Milan, Lombardy Italian Restaurant · Buenos Aires - Venezia · 44 tips and reviews Sos OrzaStudio: The first concept restaurant created by fashion stylists Dolce and Gabbana. Let you be treated like a celebrity in Milan! Read more.	Roquefort Cheese Roquefort Cheese Roquefort cheese is made from ewe's-milk and comes from the south of France. ie 'Roquefort-sur-Soulzon'. The Aveyron region of France. It is made entirely from the milk of the Lacaune, Manech and Basco-Béarnaise breeds of sheep. Together with Bleu d'Auvergne, Stilton and Gorgonzola, Roquefort Cheese is rated as one of the world's greatest blue cheeses. The law in Europe says that only the cheeses aged in the natural Combalou caves of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon may bear the name 'Roquefort'. Roquefort is sometimes known as the "King of Cheeses". To deserve this title, it should be white, crumbly and moist in the centre and therefore easily spreadable. If it's a bit hard still, it can ripen in the fridge. Roquefort Cheese has distinctive veins of blue mold, these blue veins provide a sharp tang. When you eat roquefort there is a flavour sensation that begins slightly mild, then sweet, then smoky, then fading to a salty finish. Roquefort Cheese has no rind therefore the whole Roquefort is edible. As each kilogram of finished cheese requires about 4.5 litres of milk, Roquefort is high in fat, protein and minerals. The story behind the cheese is, the cheese was discovered when a young shepherd, eating his lunch of bread and ewes' milk cheese, saw a beautiful girl in the distance. Abandoning his meal in a nearby cave, he ran to meet her. When he returned a few months later, the (Penicillium roqueforti) mold had transformed his plain cheese into Roquefort. The mold that gives Roquefort its distinctive character (Penicillium roqueforti) is found in the soil of these famous caves. Traditionally the cheesemakers extracted it by leaving bread in the caves for six to eight weeks until it was consumed by the mold. The interior of the bread was then dried to produce a powder. (Nowadays the mold can be produced in a laboratory.) Then the mold was added to the curd, through holes poked into the rind, and left to mature. The best way to sample Roquefort is at room temperature. After a pleasent meal with friends. Crack open a chilled bottle of French dessert wine. One of the best in my opinion is 'Sauternes', which is a French dessert wine from the Sauternais region of the Graves section in Bordeaux. Sauternes is made from Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle grapes that have been affected by Botrytis cinerea, also known as noble rot. This causes the grapes to become partially raisined, resulting in a beautifully sweet dessert wine. Sauternes, a chunk of Roquefort with some bread and some plump figs. This combination of rich sweet wine, ripe fruit and the salty creamy cheese is a perfect trio of taste sensations. A wonderful way to end a meal. Recipes using Roquefort Cheese:-	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,241	Masala wine is produced on which European island?	Palermo to Marsala Wine Tours » Visit one of the Oldest & Historic Producers of Fortified Wines » CellarTours more photos For Italian wine lovers looking for a wonderful full day wine tasting experience as an excursion from Palermo , we have designed this VIP private chauffeured tour to include two of Sicily’s finest estates in Marsala, and a visit to the spectacular Greek Temple of Segesta. Marsala, located in western Sicily facing the Egadi Islands, is Sicily’s largest wine producing center (using the native Grillo and Catarratto grapes) and probably the region with the most interesting history. British Admiral Nelson discovered the wines of Marsala when passing through its port in the year 1800 and became so enamored of them he ordered 500 barrels to take along with him to his fleet awaiting him in Malta. Along with wines such as Port, Sherry and Madeira, Marsala soon found its place in the British market and by the early 1800´s there was even a regular ship sailing between Marsala in far-flung Sicily and Liverpool! Marsala suffered (along with other wines like Sherry and Port) when the market’s taste changed and favored dry wines, and many Marsala producers lowered the image of the brand by making flavored wines used mainly for cooking. Luckily certain producers continued to make ever-finer wines, and managed to once again make the Marsala name famous. Wineries such as Florio are simply a “must do” while in Sicily, with a fascinating history and top class wines. The beautiful cellar dates back to 1832. The estate is huge, housing long cellars with over 100 arches, and a collection of over 40,000 historic Florio wine bottles. Many famous and infamous visitors have come to taste wines here from King Vittore Emanuele to Mussolini. Donnafugata is another producer we adore with a historic cellar (called “Baglio” in Sicily) in Marsala. You´ll taste six of their superb wines from their wide range of Sicilian wines including the stunning Ben Ryé from Pantelleria. Before returning to your hotel or cruise in Palermo, you´ll stop in Segesta for a visit of the magnificent Greek temple. This majestic Doric temple dates back to the 5th century BC and is set right in a peaceful meadow. The setting is extremely atmospheric, don’t forget the camera! You´ll arrive back in Palermo in the early evening, and this concludes a marvelous Sicilian wine tasting excursion. If you are looking for a VIP private wine tasting tour from Palermo, this tour is perfect for you. Tour Highlights: Private Luxury Chauffeured Wine Tasting Tour Excursion from Palermo VIP Winery Visits in Marsala Excursion to Greek Temple in Segesta For Your Personalized Quote! Sample Palermo to Marsala Wine Tour Itinerary Donnafugata have a wide range of terrific wines 9AM From your hotel or cruise in Palermo, your friendly private driver guide and Mercedes will pick you up and you´ll head to wine country! 11AM Arrive to the first top cellar of the day such as Donnafugata, where you´ll receive a private tour of the estate and impressive “Barricaia” (barrel cellar). In your own private area, you´ll enjoy a fantastic tasting of some of the estate’s finest wines such as the zippy Chiarandà (comprised of a blend of native Ansonica and Chardonnay grapes), the rich Nero d´Avola based Sedàra and the one-and-only Ben Ryé (one of the world´s best dessert wines), a Passito from wind swept Pantelleria Island. 12:30- Carry on to a second estate in Marsala such as the fantastic Florio property where Marcello will entertain and educate you on the million and one novelties and anecdotes related to the winery, the region and even on Sicily. You´ll tour the expansive caves and then enjoy an elegant private tasting of the best wines such as Baglio Florio (Virgin Marsala DOC, elegant and refined wine), Passito di Pantelleria (DOC dessert wine made with Zibbibo grapes, reminiscent of apricots), and their excellent Malvasia delle Lipari DOC (wonderful rare wine made in the volcanic Aeolian islands). Lunch will be a traditional Sicilian affair right at the Florio winery! On the way back to Paler	History of Sri Lanka - Originally known as Heladiva - Ceylon History of Sri Lanka About Mahavamsa \| Mahavamsa Chapters \| Mahavamsa Simplified Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. known as Ceylon before 1972 is an island nation in South Asia, located about 31 kilometers (18½ mi) off the southern coast of India. Originally known as Heladiva, it is home to around twenty million people. Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia and has been a centre of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times. Today, Sri Lanka is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic nation, with a fifth of the population following faiths other than Buddhism – notably Hinduism, Christianity and Islam. The Sinhalese community forms the majority of the population (around 78%), with Tamils, who are mostly concentrated in the north and east of the island, forming the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include the Muslim Moors and Malays as well as Burghers. English is widely spoken and is studied as a compulsory secondary language in school. Island has a pleasant tropical climate and average temperature of the low lands ranges between 25-30 degrees Celsius. Famous for the production and export of tea, coffee, rubber and coconuts, Sri Lanka boasts a progressive and modern industrial economy. The natural beauty of Sri Lanka’s tropical forests, beaches and landscape, as well as its rich cultural heritage make it a world famous tourist destination. Sri Lanka’s Per Capita GDP is presently US$ 900 – the highest in South Asia and the Literacy rate is 92% – the highest in South Asia and second highest in Asia. According to the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) Forecast 1998, Sri Lanka’s Business Environment ranks 11th in the region, and 42nd in the world, ahead of India, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Pakistan. After over two thousand years of rule by local kingdoms, parts of Sri Lanka were colonized by Portugal and the Netherlands beginning in the 16th century, before the control of the entire country was ceded to the British Empire in 1815. During World War II Sri Lanka served as an important base for Allied forces in the fight against the Japanese Empire. A nationalist political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century, with the aim of obtaining political independence, which was eventually granted by the British after peaceful negotiations in 1948. Since then Sri Lanka has enjoyed a stable democracy and continuous economic progress, despite the ongoing conflict between the Sri Lankan government and a separatist militant group known as the Tamil Tigers in the northeastern parts of the country. Naming of Sri Lanka Known as Lamka, Lankadeepa, taprobane .. etc In ancient times, Sri Lanka was known by a variety of names: ancient Greek geographers called it Taprobane and Arabs referred to it as Serendib (the origin of the word “serendipity”). Ceilão was the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese when they arrived on the island in 1505, which was transliterated into English as Ceylon. In 1972, the official name of the country was changed to “Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka” whereas the island itself is referred to as lank?va, In 1978 it was changed to “Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka”. The current name is derived from Sanskrit word lamk?, meaning “resplendent land”, which was also the name of the island as described in the ancient Indian epics Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Brief History Paleolithic human settlements have been discovered at excavations in several cave sites in the Western Plains region and the South-western face of the Central Hills region. Anthropologists believe that some discovered burial rites and certain decorative artifacts exhibit similarities between the first inhabitants of the island and the early inhabitants of Southern India. Recent bioanthropological studies have however dismissed these links, and have placed the origin of the people to the northern parts of India. One of the first written references to the island	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,242	Apart from the USA, Canada and British possessions, which other country from the Americas actively took part in WW2, declaring war on the Axis countries in 1942?	World War II World War II Introduction World War II was the mightiest struggle humankind has ever seen. It killed more people, cost more money, damaged more property, affected more people, and caused more far-reaching changes in nearly every country than any other war in history. The number of people killed, wounded, or missing between September 1939 and September 1945 can never be calculated, but it is estimated that more than 55 million people perished. More than 50 countries took part in the war, and the whole world felt its effects. Men fought in almost every part of the world, on every continent except Antarctica. Chief battlegrounds included Asia, Europe, North Africa, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea. The United States hoped to stay out. Drawing on its experience from World War I, Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1939, which were intended to prevent Americans becoming entangled with belligerents. Americans in general, however, while not wanting to fight the war, were definitely not neutral in their sympathies and the acts were manipulated, to the frustration of genuine isolationists, to lend more support to the Allies than the Axis. Historians do not agree on the exact date when World War II began. Most consider the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, to be the beginning of the war. Others say it started when the Japanese invaded Manchuria on September 18, 1931. Others even regard World War I , which culminated in the Peace with the Central Powers in 1921 and World War II as parts of the same conflict, with only a breathing spell in between. War officially began on September 1, 1939, when Germany attacked Poland. Germany then crushed six countries in three months ï¿½ Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and France ï¿½ and proceeded to conquer Yugoslavia and Greece. Japan`s plans for expansion in the Far East led it to attack Pearl Harbor in December 1941, bringing the United States into the war. By early 1942, all major countries of the world were involved in the most destructive war in history. World War II would go down in the history books as bringing about the downfall of Western Europe as the center of world power, leading to the rise of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), setting up conditions leading to the Cold War , and opening up the nuclear age. Causes of the war The Great Depression crippled the economies of Europe and the United States. That, combined with the outcome of World War I , led to major repositioning of world power and influence. That was fertile ground for the emergence of various forms of totalitarian governments in the Soviet Union, Japan, Italy, and Germany, as well as other countries. Many countries had liberal democratic governments following World War I, but dictatorship developed during the 1920s and 1930s, which destroyed democratic rights. Many historians trace the roots of World War II to the Treaty of Versailles and other peace agreements that followed World War I. The Germans found it easy to blame the harsh Treaty of Versailles for their troubles. Germany set up a republican form of government in 1919. Many Germans blamed the new government for accepting the hated treaty. People who could not find jobs began to drift into the Communist and National Socialist parties. As the government lost power, Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist or Nazi party grew stronger. Prior to 1914, Britain, France, and Germany were the industrial and financial centers of the world. Following World War I, those countries lost their positions and the United States filled their place. America dominated the world market of food, minerals, and industry. When the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, the financial crisis had worldwide consequences and the reaction of nations to the dire financial straits of the Depression had a huge impact. After World War I, Germany, Italy, and Japan ï¿½ all anxious to regain or increase their power ï¿½ adopted forms of dictatorship. The League of Nations was unable	World War II \| WarWiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Adolf Hitler then turned on the Soviet Union , launching a surprise attack ( codenamed Operation Barbarossa ) on June 22 , 1941 . Despite enormous gains, the invasion stalled on the outskirts of Moscow in late 1941, as the winter weather made further advances difficult. The Germans initiated another major offensive the following summer, but the attack bogged down in vicious urban fighting in Stalingrad . The Soviets later launched a massive encircling counterattack to force the surrender of the German Sixth Army at the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–43), decisively defeated the Axis at the Battle of Kursk , and broke the Siege of Leningrad . The Red Army then pursued the retreating Wehrmacht to Berlin , and won the street-by-street Battle of Berlin , as Hitler committed suicide in his underground bunker on April 30 , 1945 . Meanwhile, the Western Allies successfully defended North Africa (1940–43), invaded Italy (1943), and then liberated France (1944), following amphibious landings in Normandy . After repulsing a German counterattack at the Battle of the Bulge that December, the Western Allies crossed the Rhine River to link up with their Soviet counterparts at the Elbe River in central Germany. During the war in Europe, some 6 million Jews , along with another 5 to 6 million people — Roma (Gypsies) , Slavs , Communists , homosexuals , the disabled and several other groups — were murdered by Germany in a state-sponsored genocide that came to be known as the Holocaust . War in Asia and the Pacific Main articles: Second Sino-Japanese war and Pacific War Territory of the Empire of Japan at its peak. The Empire of Japan , already in Manchuria since 1931, invaded China on July 7 , 1937 . Australia and then the United States, in 1940 , responded with embargoes on iron exports to Japan. On September 27 , 1940 Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. After fruitless negotiations with the United States concerning withdrawal from China, excluding Manchukuo , Japan attacked Vichy French -controlled Indochina on July 24 , 1941. This caused the United States, United Kingdom and Netherlands to block Japan's access to oil , such as that in the Dutch East Indies and British colonies in Borneo . Japan launched nearly simultaneous surprise attacks against the major U. S. Navy base at Pearl Harbor , on Thailand and on the British territories of Malaya and Hong Kong . Though it was significant to the US Navy , most Americans had never heard of Pearl Harbor . The attacks occurred on December 7 , 1941 in western international time zones and on December 8 in the east. Later on December 8, Japan attacked The Philippines , which was politically controlled by the United States at the time and quickly fell to Japanese forces. On December 11, Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States. Japanese forces commenced assaults on British and Dutch territory in Borneo on December 15. From their major prewar base at Truk in the South Pacific, Japanese forces began to attack and occupy neighboring Allied territories. Japan's campaign in China lasted from 1937 to the end of the war, during which the Republic of China faced 80% of Japanese troops and relieved the Soviet Union under Stalin from fighting a two-front war . In the war against Japan, China lost more than 3 million soldiers and more than 17 million civilians. Many others were tortured, forced into slavery or raped, which resulted in charges of Japanese war crimes . Japan won victory after victory in South East Asia and the Pacific, including the capture of 130,000 Allied prisoners in Malaya and at the fall of Singapore on February 15, 1942. Much of Burma , the Netherlands East Indies, the Australian Territory of New Guinea , and the British Solomon Islands also fell to Japanese forces. In the last year of the war US air forces conducted a strategic firebombing campaign against the Japanese homeland. On August 6 , 1945 , the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima , and on August 9 another was dropped on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,243	Collagen, elastin, keratin, myosin, and lectin are?	Difference Between Collagen and Elastin \| Collagen vs Elastin Home / Science & Nature / Science / Biology / Difference Between Collagen and Elastin Difference Between Collagen and Elastin Posted on Collagen vs Elastin Connective tissues are important for binding and connecting other tissues within the body. They also provide strength, support, and shape to the tissues. The connective tissue is a system in which cells are scattered throughout an extracellular matrix. In addition to cells, the insoluble protein fibers are also embedded in the matrix. The matrix is called the ground substance. These tissues are widely distributed in the body, matrix bone, tendons and ligaments , and cartilage . The connective tissues consist of four basic tissues, collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. Source: Ruth Lawson, Otago Polytechnic, en.wikibooks Collagen Collagen is the most abundant protein found in connective tissues. It provides great tensile strength and holds cells together. In addition, it helps to align the cells, thus allows in proliferation and differentiation of cells. Tropocollagen is the basic structural unit of collagen that consists of α- chains. Each α-chain is made up of three polypeptide chains twisting around each other in a triple helix to form a rope like structure. There are hydrogen bonds between the polypeptide chains to hold them tightly. Each of this polypeptide chain has equal length and contains about 1000 amino acids residues. Various triple helical combinations of polypeptides in α-chains result multiple types of collagen in humans connecting tissues (19 types of collagen have been identified so far). Most abundant types of collagen are distributed in skin, tendon, bone, comea, articular cartilage, intervertebral disk, fetal skin, cardiovascular system, placenta etc. The cross-links are important to provide a high tensile strength in collagen. There are three types of inter or intramolecular cross-links involved to stabilize the collagen fibers; they are aldol condensation, Schiff base, and lysinonorleucine. Source: wikicommons Elastin Elastin is made up of basic subunit called tropoelastin, which contains about 800 amino acid residues. The cross-links of elastin are more complex than that of collagens. Desmosine is the major type of cross-links found in elastin. They are formed from the condensation of the allysine residues with lysine. Elastin often occurs with collagen in connective tissues. It is a rubber-like protein so that it can stretch up to several times their length and return back to their original shape and length when the tension is released. Due to this property, it is largely found in the tissues associated with lungs , blood vessels and ligaments, which undergo large expansions. In addition, they are also found in places like skin, ear cartilage and several other tissues in small quantities. What is the difference between Collagen and Elastin? • There is only one genetic type of elastin, whereas there are many different genetic types of collagen. • Elastin has enough capacity to stretch and subsequently to recoil while collagen has no such capacity to stretch. • Collagen’s primary structure has repeating (Gly-X-Y) sequences whereas, in elastin, there are no such repeating (Gly-X-Y) sequences. • In contrast to collagen, there is no formation of triple helix in elastin. • Hydroxylysine is present in collagen, whereas it is absent in elastin. • Glycosylated hydroxylysine is present in collagen, whereas it is absent in elastin. • The major cross-links formed in collagen are intramolecular aldol cross-links, whereas those in elastin are intramolecular desmosine cross-links. Related posts:	What is Collagen? What is Collagen? By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD Collagen is a protein made up of amino-acids, which are in turn built of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Collagen contains specific amino acids – Glycine, Proline, Hydroxyproline and Arginine. Collagen makes up approximately 30% of the proteins within the body. These are tough and strong structures found all over the body: in bones, tendons and ligaments. Where is collagen found? In nature, collagen is found exclusively in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. Collagen is a part of the connective tissue that in the skin helps in firmness, suppleness and constant renewal of skin cells. Collagen is vital for skin elasticity. Ligaments are another type of connective tissue that attach two bones and consequently hold the joints together. Tendons are similar but different type of tissue that attach the muscles to the bones. All of these tissues, the bones, ligaments, tendons and the skeletal muscles themselves, are made up of proteins. One of the most predominant proteins is called collagen. Collagen is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. An atomic-force-microscopy image of collagen fibrils in a collagen fiber. Image Credit: UChicago Argonne LLC What does collagen do? Collagen helps to give strength to various structures of the body and also protects structures like the skin by preventing absorption and spreading of pathogenic substances, environmental toxins, micro - organisms and cancerous cells. Collagen protein is the cement that holds everything together. Collagen is also present in all the smooth muscle tissues, blood vessels digestive tract, heart, gallbladder, kidneys and bladder holding the cells and tissues together. Collagen is even the major component of the hair and nails. Aging and collagen With age, collagen production slows and the cells structures weaken. The skin gets thinner and is easier to damage, hair gets lifeless, skin sags and wrinkles, tendons and ligaments become less elastic, joints get stiff etc. Structure of collagen Collagen microscopically occurs in elongated fibrils. It is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin, and is also abundant in cornea, bone, blood vessels, cartilage, intervertebral disc and the digestive tract. In muscle tissue, collagen serves as a major component of endomysium. 1 to 2% of the muscles are formed of collagen and around 6% of the total weight of muscles is formed of collagen. Gelatin used in food is collagen that has been irreversibly hydrolyzed. Molecular structure of collagen In the mid-1930’s collagen was first discovered to have a molecular structure. Nobel laureates Crick, Pauling, Rich and Yonath and others including Brodsky, Berman, and Ramachandran have been researching the structure of collagen and their possible functions. After several speculations of individual peptide chain, the final model that has been developed is the "Madras" model which provided an essentially correct model of the molecule's quaternary structure although this model still required some refinement. It is a triple-helical structure. Collagen is further packed into fibrillar collagen types with hexagional or quasi hexagonal shapes. The packing may be 'sheet-like' or microfibrillar. The microfibrillar structure of collagen fibrils in tendon, cornea and cartilage has been directly imaged by electron microscopy. The microfibrillar structure of adult tendon was confirmed in 2006 by Fraser, Miller and Wess (amongst others). They found the D-periodic pentameric arrangement and termed it microfibril. Reviewed by April Cashin-Garbutt , BA Hons (Cantab)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,244	What is the highest mountain in the contiguous states of the USA?	20 Highest Mountain Peaks in the United States By Amanda Briney Updated October 02, 2016. The following is a list of the top 20 highest peaks in the United States. Notice that the highest point in the United States is Mt. McKinley in Alaska and the highest point in the contiguous (lower) 48 states is Mt. Whitney in California. (For reference, the state and mountain range in which the peak is located is included below.) 1) Mount McKinley (Denali): 20,320 feet (6,194 m) • State: Alaska 2) Mount Saint Elias: 18,008 feet (5,489 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 3) Mount Foraker: 17,400 feet (5,304 m) • State: Alaska 4) Mount Bona: 16,550 feet (5,044 m) • State: Alaska 5) Mount Blackburn: 16,390 feet (4,996 m) • State: Alaska 6) Mount Sanford: 16,237 feet (4,949 m) • State: Alaska • States: Alaska and British Columbia • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 8) Mount Hubbard - 14,950 feet (4,557 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 9) Mount Bear: 14,831 feet (4,520 m) • State: Alaska 10) Mount Hunter: 14,573 feet (4,442 m) • State: Alaska 11) Mount Whitney: 14,505 feet (4,421 m) • State: California 12) Mount Alverstone: 14,500 feet (4,420 m) • States: Alaska and the Yukon Territory • Range: Saint Elias Mountains 13) University Peak: 14,470 feet (4,410 m) • State: Alaska 14) Mount Elbert: 14,440 feet (4,401 m) • State: Colorado 15) Mount Massive: 14,428 feet (4,398 m) • State: Colorado 16) Mount Harvard: 14,427 feet (4,397 m) • State: Colorado 17) Mount Rainier: 14,417 feet (4,394 m) • State: Washington 18) Mount Williamson: 14,389 feet (4,386 m) • State: California 19) La Plata Peak: 14,368 feet (4,379 m) • State: Colorado 20) Blanca Peak: 14,351 feet (4,374 m) • State: Colorado • Range: Sangre de Cristo Range Reference continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World (10 May 2010). Table of the Highest Major Summits of the United States - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_the_highest_major_summits_of_the_United_States#cite_note-N_Mount_Harvard-31	The Center for Land Use Interpretation THE CENTER FOR LAND USE INTERPRETATION [show on map] The Geographic Center of the Lower 48 States is located north of Lebanon, Kansas. It was determined by finding the center of gravity for the contiguous United States, that is, the point at which a plane map of the 48 states would balance if it were of uniform thickness. A monument was erected in an opening ceremony on June 29, 1941, in Lebanon, Kansas, for what was then the Geographic Center of the entire country, before Alaska and Hawaii joined the union. As early as 1918, this point was identified when the United States Geological Survey located the country’s center at N 39° 50' 00" W 98° 35' 00". For many years, however, the towns of Fort Riley, Smith Center, and Junction City contended for the claim to be center of the United States, as no official designation existed. The latitude and longitude determined by the survey provided the location of the center within an approximate one-mile radius; and while the monument sits at the end of Kansas Highway 191 (the shortest highway in the state), the precise center is located in a field 3/4 of a mile to the northwest. Coinciding with the establishment of the monument, residents of Lebanon founded the Hub Club to develop the site for tourism, and the Club continues its maintenance and beautification role to this day. At one time, a motel, coffee shop, and souvenir shop served thousands of annual visitors to the site. Today, visitors to the monument at the Geographic Center find a small chapel, a shaded picnic table, a large monument, and the closed motel.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,245	What is the capital of Sweden	Sweden Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com 20 Kronors Ethnicity: Swedes with Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks GDP total: $395.8 billion (2012 est.) GDP per capita: $41,700 (2012 est.) Language: Swedish (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities Largest Cities: (by population) Stockholm, Goteborg, Malmo, Uppsala, Vasteras Name: The origin of the name is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning "one's own." National Day: June 6	vienna.pdf \| Vienna \| Berlin vienna.pdf You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 4 to 35 are not shown in this preview. Sign up to vote on this title UsefulNot useful This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,246	What is the name of the stadium in The Bronx in New York City which was the home baseball park of the New York Yankees from 1923 to 2008?	Yankee Stadium \| New York Yankees Learn about Yankee Stadium's design and features, check out video and pictures from virtually every angle, and find out what to look for in the ballpark experience and more. View Panoramic views of Yankee Stadium »	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: November 2015 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Set by The Park Tavern and the Brewers Q1 Great Britain is to appear in the Tennis Davis Cup final in which Belgian city? Ghent Q2 Once storms Abigail, Barney, Clodagh, Desmond and Eva have passed the UK, which will be next? Frank The current Ebola outbreak started in which African country? Guinea (Dec 2013) Where would you find Connexus and Versatile? On TV program The Apprentice (Teams names in the current TV series) Q5 Which actor has appeared as James Bond in exactly 2 official Bond films? Timothy Dalton (The Living Daylights, License to kill) Q6 According to Collins English Dictionary what has been chosen as the word of the year 2015? Binge-watch Q7 What is the tag line of the upcoming Star Wars film episode 7 of the series? The Force Awakens Who replaced Nick Hewer in the TV program The Apprentice? Claude Littner Q9 Which RAF base was in the news in October, owing to the arrival of ~140 migrants by boat? RAF Akrotiri (Cyprus) Q10 There is one remaining hovercraft service operating in the UK, from which city does it operate? Portsmouth (Southsea -> Ryde on the Isle of Wight) Q11 Baroness Dido Harding of Winscombe has been in the news recently, as the CEO of which company? Talk Talk Q12 Which British airline is celebrating its 20th Anniversary, flying its inaugural flight on November 10th 1995? EasyJet The Schengen Treaty takes its name from a village in which country? Luxembourg MP can stand for two things on an ordnance survey Map, name either? Mile Post or Mooring Post Q15 On a marine map what does HWM stand for? High Water Mark Which country is to host the next Winter Olympics in 2018? South Korea Who did Seb Coe succeed as head of the IAAF? Lamine Diack What is the third largest object in the solar system? Saturn (Sun, Jupiter, Saturn) Which man made object is furthest from Earth? Voyager 1 (allow Voyager) Q20 For his part in which 1953 film did Frank Sinatra receive a Best Supporting Actor Oscar? From Here to Eternity Which current world leader is sometimes known as Bibi? Benjamin Netanyahu Q22 Who has been recently sworn in as Canada's 23rd Prime Minister after winning a surprise majority? Justin Trudeau What is the longest motorway in the UK? M6 What is the longest A road in the UK? A1 Who is the shadow chancellor? John McDonnell Which building was built in 1093 to house the shrine of St Cuthbert? Durham Cathedral In which building would you find the famous Cosmati Pavement? Westminster Cathedral Who hosts 'Modern Life is Goodish'? Dave Gorman Frankie Fredericks represented which African country in athletics? Namibia Who hosts 'As yet untitled'? Alan Davies Who will be the new host of QI succeeding Stephen Fry? Sandi Toksvig What is the word used to describe an animal/plant that is both male and female? Hermaphrodite With which artistic medium would you associate Ansel Adams? Photography Which city is normally accepted as being the ancient capital of Wessex? Winchester Which group recorded the track 'Unfinished Symphony'? Massive Attack Which school featured in UK TV's 'Please Sir'? Fenn Street Q37 80s band Heaven 17 got their name from a well-known novel originally published in 1962. Name it? A Clockwork Orange - (by Anthony Burgess) Q38 Steely Dan got their name from which notorious novel originally published in 1959? The Naked Lunch (by William Burroughs) Q39 Wladimir Klitschko is a champion boxer from which country? Ukraine The 'Rockhampton Rocket' was a nickname given to which famous sportsman? Rod Laver Which British astronaut is going to the international space station in December? Tim Peake How many cantons make up Switzerland? 26 (accept 25 to 27) Q43 Which city was the imperial capital of Japan before Tokyo? Kyoto Saloth Sar born 19 May 1925 is better known by what name? Pol Pot What was discovered in 1799 by Pierre-François Bouchard a Napoleonic soldier? The Rosetta Stone 'I told you I was ill' are the words carved into whose gravestone? Spike Milligan Q47 What did Newcastle chemist William Owen invent in 1927 for those	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,247	Actor Jay Silverheels is famous for playing which fictional television American Indian?	Jay Silverheels - Biography - IMDb Jay Silverheels Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (2) \| Spouse (2) \| Trivia (13) \| Personal Quotes (2) Overview (4) 6' (1.83 m) Mini Bio (2) Jay Silverheels was born on Canada's Six Nation's Reserve and was one of 10 children. He was a star lacrosse player and a boxer before he entered films as a stuntman in 1938. He worked in a number of films through the 1940s before gaining notice as the Osceola brother in a Humphrey Bogart film Key Largo (1948). Most of Silverheels' roles consisted of bit parts as an Indian character. In 1949, he worked in the movie The Cowboy and the Indians (1949) with another "B movie" actor Clayton Moore . Later that year, Silverheels was hired to play the faithful Indian companion, Tonto, in the TV series The Lone Ranger (1949) series, which brought him the fame that his motion picture career never did. Silverheels recreated the role of Tonto in two big-screen color movies with Moore, The Lone Ranger (1956) and The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958). After the TV series ended in 1957, Silverheels could not escape the typecasting of Tonto. He would continue to appear in an occasional film and television show but became a spokesperson to improve the portrayal of Indians in the media. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Tony Fontana <tony.fontana@spacebbs.com> Familiar Canadian Indian actor who shot to fame as Tonto, the faithful Indian companion of the masked man on the US television series The Lone Ranger (1949). A member of the Mohawk tribe of Canada's Six Nations Reserve, Silverheels excelled at wrestling, horse racing, football, boxing, and hockey, and became a renowned lacrosse player. With the help of actor Joe E. Brown ,Silverheels obtained work as a stuntman and extra in Hollywood films. Following military service in World War II, Silverheels returned to film and landed small, often stereotypical roles as Indian warriors in Westerns. John Huston cast him as one of the fugitive Osceola brothers in Key Largo (1948), and Silverheels followed with the two roles that would define his career, Tonto and the Apache leader Geronimo, whom he would play several times beginning with the Western classic Broken Arrow (1950). Silverheels' enormous fame as Tonto overshadowed everything else, although it did not prevent him from playing other prominent roles. Even after completing The Lone Ranger (1949)series, Silverheels continued to reprise Tonto for commercials, comic guest spots, and spoofs. Silverheels became an outspoken activist for Indian rights and a respected teacher within the Indian acting community. He appeared on talk and variety shows performing his own poetry. In later years, he began a second career as a harness racer. His health failed in the 1970s, and he died of a stroke in 1980, a beloved figure to the Baby Boom generation America. His son, Jay Silverheels Jr. has acted in television as well. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Jim Beaver <jumblejim@prodigy.net> Spouse (2) (1946 - 5 March 1980) (his death) (4 children) Bobbie (? - 1943) (divorced) (1 child) Trivia (13) On The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962), Silverheels told Johnny Carson that he had married his Italian wife to "get back at Christopher Columbus". They called their children "Indalions". U.S. government records give Silverheels' birthdate as 26 June 1912, though virtually all cinema reference works disagree, giving instead the 1919 date listed here. Inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1993. Was an avid horse-racer when not acting. When asked if he ever thought about running Silver or Scout (who portrayed the steeds of the Lone Ranger and Tonto, respectively) in a race, Silverheels laughed: "Heck, I can beat Scout." Father of Jay Silverheels Jr. Was a full-blooded Mohawk Indian, one of 11 children of A.G.E. Smith, who had served as a decorated officer in the Canadian forces in WWI. Of the nearly 200 TV and film appearances Silverheels made with Clayton Moore , the actors co-starred in just	MAS*H (Series) - TV Tropes After-Action Healing Drama : The essence of the unit. After Show : The show's spin-off AfterMASH is the trope namer. All Are Equal in Death : The episode "Follies of the Living - Concerns of the Dead" is told from the POV of a dead soldier. At the end of the episode he walks down the road toward the afterlife along with all the other dead - U.S. soldiers of various ranks, North Korean soldiers, civilians, etc. The Alleged Boss : Lt. Col. Henry Blake was supposed to be in charge of the 4077th but outside of the Operating Room most of his time was spent boozing, recreating, or philandering. His Hyper-Competent Sidekick , Radar, was well understood to be the person actually running the camp. Also, the dueling doctor factions who were supposed to be Henry's subordinates were frequently overstepping or walking all over him in order to carry out their zany schemes. Blake's replacement, Col. Potter, was able to command a lot more respect and thus appear (and be) more in charge. Henry was a bit of a mix between varieties 1 and 4 of this trope: He was a genuinely nice guy most of the time, and meant well, but had no idea how to run things, and would openly defer to his subordinates whenever any administrative decision had to be made. He was very competent and authoritative as a doctor, however, and several of his subordinates felt true affection and comradeship towards him, knowing that he was trying his best. Aluminum Christmas Trees : Spearchucker Jones. There were, in fact, black doctors in Korea, and Spearchucker was based on a doctor Richard Hooker heard about at the 8055. Too bad the executives didn't look into it first. Ambiguously Jewish : Sidney Freedman Anachronism Stew : Although the show tends to be good about actual history, there are times that the research breaks down. In one episode, both Godzilla and The Blob (1958) are referenced. Neither of those movies were released during the Korean War (Gojira: 1954/Godzilla, King of the Monsters: 1955, The Blob: 1958). Another borderline case of this is with The Moon Is Blue : The movie was released on July 8, 1953 and was still in first-run release in the US by the time the war "ended" on July 27, 1953. While it's within the realm of possibility that the unit could have seen it, it seems highly unlikely given two reasons: The episode revolved around the MASH wanting to see the movie to see what all the fuss was about, which most likely wouldn't have happened till the film was very close to release or already released; and transit times for movies to the Korean Front. If by plane, it might be plausible. In the episode "Der Tag," Radar is shown sleeping with a copy of The Avengers comic book on his chest, with the 1970s logo. One shot later, it switches to another issue of the same comic with the '60s logo. Either way, the Avengers weren't around during the Korean War (in fact, none of the major characters from the Marvel Universe had even been created, other than Captain America ). The "points" system referenced in some episodes was no longer current for rotation of personnel, nor was it ever used for surgeons. BJ's latter-seasons hairstyle was much longer than what any professional man in the 1950s, military or civilian, would have worn. (This may be excusable, since the whole point was that BJ was rebelling against the Army.) Several times, Korean soldiers are shown with AK-47-type rifles ( actually stand-ins ) before any communist nation even issued them yet. In one episode Klinger hands out Hershey bars with UPC symbols on the back wrapper to recovering patients. A pinball machine from the 1970s appears in the Officers' Club, along with a poster on the wall with an illustration of a Vietnam-era helicopter. In one episode Henry uses a bullhorn that wasn't invented until after the war. In "Officer of the Day," Flagg appears wearing the branch insignia for military intelligence. This insignia wasn't used by the Army until 1962. Medics are always shown wearing helmets with the Red Cross painted on the front. This practice was stopped in early 19	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,248	Which movie star was found dead at her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California on 5 August 1962?	1000+ images about Marilyn's Brentwood Home on Pinterest \| Front courtyard, The personal and For her Forward This photo shows the front door to Marilyn's house, with the tiles reading "Cursum Perficio" on the front step. The iron covered windows to the right of the door and to the left of the chimney are to Marilyn's bathroom. The chimney is for the fireplace in Marilyn's bedroom. Source: "The Marilyn Monroe Collection" See More	1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? 3. Will Young has been invited to take part in which panel show after saying he is a fan? 4. Nasty Nick Cotton is to return to which TV soap? 5. Which author earns £3m a week in royalties, it was revealed this week? 6. Which band release the album Dig Out Your Soul on Monday? 7. In which year was a World Cup final first decided on penalties? 8. What is the tallest and thickest kind of grass? 9. Which TV cast had a hit with Hi-Fidelity? 10. What nationality was the composer Handel? 11. What is most expensive property in the board game Monopoly? 12. Which Scandinavian group had a top 20 hit in 1993 called Dark Is The Night? 13. In which century was King Henry IV of England born? 14. Who directed the film Alien? 15. Who was the only person to win a medal for Ireland at the Sydney Olympics in 2000? 16. What did Nicholas Copernicus argue was at the centre of our universe, and what was the common belief before then? 17. Which three American states begin with the letter O? 18. In what year did Ruth Ellis become the last woman to be hanged in England? 19. Who was the first British monarch to choose Buckingham Palace as their home? 20. How many Jack’s eyes are visible in a standard pack of playing cards? 21. What is Britain’s largest lake? 22. Cameroon gained its independence from which European country in 1960? 23. Who had a number one in 1960 called Only The Lonely? 24. The 1964 film My Fair Lady was based on a play by whom? 25. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote the novels Agnes Gray and The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall? 26. Which American president once famously proclaimed: “Ich bin ein Berliner”? 27. Which element has the chemical symbol Pb? 28. What was the name of the murder victim at the beginning of the TV series Twin Peaks? 29. Who directed the 2001 film Mulholland Drive? 30. In horse racing, which three racecourses stage the five English classics? ANSWERS: 1. Rick Astley; 2. Othello; 3. Question Time; 4. Eastenders; 5. JK Rowling; 6. Oasis; 7. 1994; 8. Bamboo; 9. The Kids From Fame; 10. German; 11. Mayfair; 12. A-Ha; 13. 14th; 14. Ridley Scott; 15. Sonia O’Sullivan; 16. The Sun. Before then people believed it was the Earth; 17. Ohio, Oklahoma and Oregon; 18. 1955; 19. Queen Victoria; 20. 12; 21. Loch Lomond; 22. France; 23. Roy Orbison; 24. George Bernard Shaw; 25. Anne; 26. John F. Kennedy; 27. Lead; 28. Laura Palmer; 29. David Lynch; 30. Doncaster, Epsom, Newmarket Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,249	"If water is described as ""brackish"" it has a high concentration of what?"	What is brackish water and what effect does a high concentration of ammonia have? – The Laboratory People Lucy Cook Leave a comment Brackish or brack water is water with a level of salinity between freshwater and seawater. In many places around the world, brackish water appears naturally, and it forms an important habitat for some unique animal species. However, it can cause environmental damage, since it is harmful for organisms which have not adapted to it. This becomes an issue when brackish water is deliberately cultivated, as is done in some regions to farm desirable food fish. It is also unpleasant to drink, and it may cause health problems. Concentrations of ammonia in rivers and drinking water reservoirs indicate the presence of agriculture or urban pollution. When the concentration of ammonia is high, it can alter the smell and taste of water. In industrial applications, high concentrations of ammonia can cause corrosion in pipes. Ammonia is also monitored in aquariums and fish farming applications because of its toxicity to fish. The lovibond Comparator is a system which uses coloured glass discs to compare the colour of the sample taken. The test is used to determine levels of ammonia in water and waste water but its important to note that Ammonia conditioning powder is needed for seawater samples. Lovibond ammonia conditioning reagent is required to prevent precipitation of salts on when adding in No 1 and 2 ammonia tablets. Click AMMONIA METHOD 3 for full details on our website. Call our technical team on 01954 233110 or click CAMLAB for online live support.	Puzzles - Coffeetime Triv (Sat) 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? 7: In which film did Roy Scheider play a sheriff and Richard Dreyfus a marine biologist? 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? John Cleese 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? Elton John 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? J.K.Rowling 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? A metronome 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? Red and black 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? Real Madrid Wow! I got a footie and an anagram question. I'm going to need to lie down! 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? Batman? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? Italy 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 15 to 1 Patience, so you did. Well done all three of you only one missing is 7: and 'Marine Biologist' (the new wannabe career for Britain's 6th-formers) might have given it to you - the fiilm was Jaws	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,250	Which city was the Russian capital during the 11'th century ?	HISTORY OF RUSSIA Enjoy the Famous Daily Vladimir's descendants: 1019-1169 The 35-year reign of Vladimir's son Yaroslav establishes Russia, with its capital at Kiev, as a kingdom in the mainstream of medieval Europe. It also secures the throne for a dynasty which survives in direct descent for six centuries (till the time of Boris Godunov ), even though those centuries see much diminution of Russian territory and a shift of power from Kiev to Moscow. Yaroslav turns Kiev into a glorious Christian city in the Byzantine tradition, founding monasteries, adding a spectacular Golden Gate to the town's fortress, and building a cathedral dedicated, like Justinian's great example in Constantinople, to holy wisdom - Santa Sophia. He also follows Justinian in commissioning a codification of Russia's laws. The legal code known as Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth) is founded in his reign. On the international stage Yaroslav plays the medieval game of matrimonial diplomacy as assiduously as any of his contemporaries. He marries his three daughters to kings of Norway, France and Hungary. He also has four sons, guaranteeing on past evidence a frenzy of bloodshed after his death. To avoid this Yaroslav devises a code of inheritance. Surprisingly, for two generations at least, it works. Under Yaroslav's system of inheritance all Russia is to be jointly held by the ruling family. His eldest son is to rule in Kiev, while others are assigned to territories elsewhere. When a prince of Kiev dies, there is to be general post. The next senior brother will move to Kiev, with equivalent adjustments throughout the realm. The principle that brothers take precedence over sons is an essential element of the scheme, for it gives the younger brothers a chance to inherit without risking all in warfare. As a measure of the success of Yaroslav's plan, he is peacefully succeeded by three of his sons in succession over a span of nearly forty years (1054-1093). After the second generation, with the family structure becoming more diffuse, one line of descent prevails over all the others. It is that of Yaroslav's third son, married to a Greek princess from the imperial family in Constantinople. A little more than a century after Yaroslav's death, cousins in this line of descent are fighting each other for the succession. Kiev , from 1169, is no longer the capital city. There are several reasons: new dangers in the south, threatening Kiev; the independence of Novgorod , granted to the city by Yaroslav himself; and a shift of power towards the north, around Moscow . The decline of Kiev: 12th - 14th century Part of Kiev's initial trading advantage has been its access to the wide steppes of eastern Europe and central Asia. But the steppes are also a source of danger. A Russian chronicle of 1054 provides the first mention of the arrival on the steppes of a fiercely marauding group of nomads, the Kipchak Turks (known to the Russians as the Polovtsy). The Kipchaks frequently disrupt Kiev's trade, and it is a weakened city which is conquered in 1169 by a rival member of the royal family based in Vladimir. A greater disaster follows in the form of the Mongols , who destroy the city in 1240. And during the following century holy Kiev , the birthplace of Russian Orthodox Christianity, is annexed by pagan Lithuania. Independent Novgorod: 1019-1478 The special advantages of Novgorod as a trading centre (linking the Baltic with the fur-rich forests of northern Russia and the developed civilizations of eastern Europe) caused it to be the first important settlement of the Rus . These same advantages continue to bring the town prosperity. Like other great mercantile centres of Europe in the Middle Ages, it acquires the status of a commune. The grand prince Yaroslav , helped to the throne of Kiev in 1019 with the active support of Novgorod, grants the city in that year a charter of self-government. Novgorod is ruled from 1019 by an assembly of citizens known as the veche. The city still has a prince, whose main function is military. But the prince of Novgorod is selec	Archaeology in Europe News: 11/01/2009 - 12/01/2009 Archaeology in Europe News Archaeological news from the Archaeology in Europe web site Monday, November 30, 2009 "Sensational" Archaeological Find The Polar ice cap during the last Ice Age might not have been as extensive as previously thought, according to archaeologists looking at the remains of human settlements in the north of Sweden. People may have lived in the northern region of Tornedalen as far back as 11,000 years ago, according to Olof Östlund, speaking to the Norrländska Socialdemokraten newspaper. The 2 settlements were found in the area around Kaunisvaara, where a new mine is about to be built. Carbon dating of the finds show that they are much older than previously thought, and mean that previous theories that the area would be covered by the huge polar ice cap are wrong. Event: Vikings are coming to Peterborough Museum VISITORS to Peterborough Museum this weekend will have a chance to see Vikings, warriors and soldiers come to life. The museum is staging a free exhibition of militaria as part of an annual fair organised by the Soke Military Society. The museum's own collections of arms and armour will also be on show. Visitors will be able to enjoy displays and demonstrations by costumed re-enactors from local re-enactment groups. Dig to start at Shakespeare site Archaeologists are preparing to excavate the site of Shakespeare's final home to find out more about the history of the building. The New Place, in Stratford-upon-Avon, was built in 1483 and is thought to be where the playwright died in 1616. The building itself was demolished in 1759, but it is thought remains of the old house are still underground. Swedish archaeologists celebrate ancient find People lived in the Torne River Valley on the border with Sweden and Finland some 11,000 years ago, an important new archaeological find has shown. The settlement, found near Pajala in the far north of Sweden, are the oldest known find in the county of Norrbotten, according to the archaeologist Olof Östlund. The find was uncovered when archaeologists were searching for ancient remains in the area around Kaunisvaar near Pajala where a new mine is set to open, according to a report in local newspaper Norrländska Socialdemokraten. Birmingham archaeologists in search of Shakespeare's house BIRMINGHAM archaeologists are to take part in their own Time Team dig when they go in search of Shakespeare’s house. The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust in Stratford-upon-Avon has begun preparations for an archaeological excavation at the site of the Bard’s home, New Place, where he lived out his final years until his death in 1616. The trust has teamed up with Birmingham Archaeology on a programme of trial trenching which will help to establish levels of deposit survival at New Place and quantify the potential for waterlogged conditions, which are favourable for preserving organic materials. The V&A's Medieval & Renaissance Galleries, review The V&A has filled its new Medieval and Renaissance Galleries with the very best of its collection to show the birth of art as we know it. Rating: * * * * * The single worst review I’ve given in 23 years as a critic was devoted to a show of modern furniture held in the V&A’s medieval treasury in 2000. Just to give you hint of its content, the headline ran “How was this disgrace allowed to happen?” If I was intemperate then, it was because the V&A had allowed some of its greatest treasures to be used as backdrop for a show of plastic stacking chairs and chrome-plated sofas. How seat fit for a king has cast new light on Scotland's dark ages THE first Pictish throne to be built for a millennium has been unveiled by researchers investigating the lives of Scotland's most mysterious tribal people. The team spent a year crafting the oak of five Scottish trees into a design modelled on ancient carvings in a project that cost around £10,000. Raised thrones were important symbols of Pictish power for church leaders and kings, but none survive. The project at the National Museums of Scotland (NMS)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,251	Which literary character's home was Thornfield Hall?	Fictional Houses: from Thornfield to Eyre Hall \| Rereading Jane Eyre Fictional Houses: from Thornfield to Eyre Hall Posted by lucciagray Throughout literature houses, or buildings where people have converged have become central elements and powerful symbols in the creative process. According to Gaston Bachelard in The Poetics of Space ( La Poétique de l’Espace, 1958), the house becomes the representation of the universe. It can also be examined as the manifestation of the soul through the poetic image. Houses in literature are often places of intimacy which can hold memories, experiences, they can also keep secrets, and arouse sensations, merging into the action by becoming a witness, accomplice, and even instigator of events. In any case, the symbolic value of houses cannot be underestimated. It would be impossible to mention all the houses in English literature. The aim of this brief overview is to bring our attention to the importance of houses by reminding us of some of the most significant literary houses, which have become part of our collective unconscious. We could start with the Herot, the Mead Hall in the epic Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, which J. R. R. Tolkien recreated as Meduseld (meaning mead hall in Old English) in Middle-earth, a richly decorated meeting and gathering hall for the King and his advisors. Herot was both a seat of government and as royal residence, symbolizing civilization and culture, wealth, safety, and merriment, in contrasts with the darkness, danger, and evil of the swamp waters inhabited by the monster, Grendel. A reconstructed Viking Age longhouse (28.5 metres long) in Fyrkat Our next stop would be at the The Tabard Inn, in the London borough of Southwark, which accommodated the numerous pilgrims on their way to their annual pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral, fictionalised by Geoffrey Chaucer in the The Canterbury Tales. The Inn keeper, Harry Bailly, accompanies the pilgrims on their journey and proposed that each tell two tales on the way to Canterbury. The Tabard Inn, Southwark, around 1850 Hamlet’s tortured speeches, Ophelia’s singing, his father’s ghost, the deaths of Polonius, Claudius, Gertrude, and Hamlet himself, are inseparable from the place where they took place, Elsinore Castle, in Denmark. Helsingoer Kronborg Castle known by many also as “Elsinore,” the setting of William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The novel which is considered to initiate the gothic genre is set in and called, The Castle of Otranto, written by Horace Walpole. Many more gothic novels are set in singular buildings, such as Count Dracula’s dark and ruined castle inhabited by vampires, recreated by Bram Stoker. By Horace Walpole. Title page from the third edition Moving to the early 19th century, Jane Austen writes about more stately and luxurious houses, such as Pemberley, the fictional country estate owned by Mr. Darcy, in Pride and Prejudice. The beauty of the house plays a key role in Elizabeth Bennet’s attitude towards Darcy and leads to her reappraisal of her first negative opinion of Mr. Darcy. Harewood House, near Leeds in West Yorkshire, was the setting for Pemberley in the ITV fantasy series Lost in Austen. The middle and end of the 19th century and Victorian literature saw a return to somber abodes, after a brief period of delightful Regency homes. The Bronte sisters resumed the gothic atmosphere in their characters’ dwellings. Wuthering Heights is the name of the inhospitable farmhouse where the story unfolds, and Thrushcross Grange, where the pleasant Lintons lived, represents comfort, peace and refinement. igh Sunderland Hall, near Halifax, West Yorkshire is considered by some as the inspiration for Wuthering Heights. Thornfield Hall, is the unforgettable gothic mansion which Jane Eyre describes thus on her arrival as governess: ‘I looked up and surveyed the front of the mansion. It was three storeys high, of proportions not vast, though considerable: a gentleman’s manor-house, not a nobleman’s seat: battlements round the t	SparkNotes: Northanger Abbey: Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes Gothic novels Most literary critics refer to Northanger Abbey as Jane Austen's "Gothic parody" because it satirizes the form and conventions of the Gothic novels that were popular during the time when Austen wrote Northanger Abbey. In particular, Austen is said to have targeted Anne Radcliffe, the author of gothic novels such as A Sicilian Romance (1790), The Romance of the Forest (1791), and The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794). Catherine reads Udolpho during her time at Bath, and it is implied that she has read similar novels before, and Isabella has a library of other Gothic novels that the women plan to read once Catherine has finished Udolpho. Gothic novels and their conventions occur throughout the novel. On the ride from Bath to Northanger Abbey, Henry invents a humorous hypothetical story about Catherine's first night in Bath, making subtle references to several different Gothic novels, most of which were well-known at the time (consult an annotated edition of Northanger Abbey for a list of the references and the works they come from). Aside from Henry's parody of gothic novels on the way to Northanger Abbey, two other sequences poke fun at the genre. In once, Catherine unlocks the mysterious cabinet, expecting it to contain something horrible, and finds only laundry bills. In another, Catherine imagines that the General is a wife-murderer and goes to investigate the late Mrs. Tilney's bedroom. When Henry catches her at this task and scolds her, it is not amusing, as is Catherine's discovery of the laundry bills. We feel sympathy for Catherine, who is terribly embarrassed in front of Henry. In the scenes leading up to the confrontation with Henry, it is almost disturbing to read of Catherine's paranoid assumptions that everything the General does stems from a guilty conscience. Catherine becomes almost unhinged by her own imagination. Although the actual crime turns out to be nonexistent, Austen captures some of the psychological tension typical of Gothic novels by chronicling Catherine's delusions. So although she parodies the gothic genre, Austen also makes use of some of its techniques. Some of the novel has nothing to do with Gothic novels and conventions. The first half of Northanger Abbey takes place entirely at the resort town of Bath, and has nothing to do with Gothic novels. This first half resembles Emma or Mansfield Park more than it does The Mysteries of Udolpho. Youth Northanger Abbey is concerned with young people and their feelings. Heroines in other Austen novels—Elizabeth Bennett in Pride and Prejudice and Emma Woodhouse in Emma, for example—are a little older than Catherine, and are not as naïveté as she. Northanger Abbey portrays Catherine in situations common to teenagers: she faces peer pressure when James, Isabella and John urge her to join them on their carriage trips, for example, and must contend with the bullying John Thorpe. Austen plays the youthful Catherine against the older, more experienced Henry Tilney. There are several instances in which the adults comment on the young people, either chuckling at their behavior or criticizing it. Many readers can sympathize with Catherine once she returns home and immediately becomes sulky and obstinate with her parents—particularly her mother, who starts gently nagging her daughter right away. Motifs Reading There are two kinds of reading in Northanger Abbey: reading books and letters, and reading people. Catherine Morland is young and naïve, and she has a hard time distinguishing between the two types of reading. Before Catherine can really enter the world of adulthood, she needs to improve her ability to read people as well as novels. Throughout Northanger Abbey, Catherine finds herself unable to "read between the lines." She does not notice the obvious romance developing between James and Isabella, she does not understand why Frederick Tilney gets involved, she has no idea why the General is so kind to her. All of these behaviors and motivations are clear	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,252	"Which writer wrote novels based on his own youthful experiences, science fiction and, in 1920, the massive ""The Outline of History""?"	"Supernatural Horror in Literature" by H. P. Lovecraft By H. P. Lovecraft I. Introduction The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown. These facts few psychologists will dispute, and their admitted truth must establish for all time the genuineness and dignity of the weirdly horrible tale as a literary form. Against it are discharged all the shafts of a materialistic sophistication which clings to frequently felt emotions and external events, and of a naively insipid idealism which deprecates the aesthetic motive and calls for a didactic literature to uplift the reader toward a suitable degree of smirking optimism. But in spite of all this opposition the weird tale has survived, developed, and attained remarkable heights of perfection; founded as it is on a profound and elementary principle whose appeal, if not always universal, must necessarily be poignant and permanent to minds of the requisite sensitiveness. The appeal of the spectrally macabre is generally narrow because it demands from the reader a certain degree of imagination and a capacity for detachment from every-day life. Relatively few are free enough from the spell of the daily routine to respond to rappings from outside, and tales of ordinary feelings and events, or of common sentimental distortions of such feelings and events, will always take first place in the taste of the majority; rightly, perhaps, since of course these ordinary matters make up the greater part of human experience. But the sensitive are always with us, and sometimes a curious streak of fancy invades an obscure corner of the very hardest head; so that no amount of rationalisation, reform, or Freudian analysis can quite annul the thrill of the chimney-corner whisper or the lonely wood. There is here involved a psychological pattern or tradition as real and as deeply grounded in mental experience as any other pattern or tradition of mankind; coeval with the religious feeling and closely related to many aspects of it, and too much a part of our inmost biological heritage to lose keen potency over a very important, though not numerically great, minority of our species. Man’s first instincts and emotions formed his response to the environment in which he found himself. Definite feelings based on pleasure and pain grew up around the phenomena whose causes and effects he understood, whilst around those which he did not understand—and the universe teemed with them in the early days—were naturally woven such personifications, marvellous interpretations, and sensations of awe and fear as would be hit upon by a race having few and simple ideas and limited experience. The unknown, being likewise the unpredictable, became for our primitive forefathers a terrible and omnipotent source of boons and calamities visited upon mankind for cryptic and wholly extra-terrestrial reasons, and thus clearly belonging to spheres of existence whereof we know nothing and wherein we have no part. The phenomenon of dreaming likewise helped to build up the notion of an unreal or spiritual world; and in general, all the conditions of savage dawn-life so strongly conduced toward a feeling of the supernatural, that we need not wonder at the thoroughness with which man’s very hereditary essence has become saturated with religion and superstition. That saturation must, as a matter of plain scientific fact, be regarded as virtually permanent so far as the subconscious mind and inner instincts are concerned; for though the area of the unknown has been steadily contracting for thousands of years, an infinite reservoir of mystery still engulfs most of the outer cosmos, whilst a vast residuum of powerful inherited associations clings around all the objects and processes that were once mysterious, however well they may now be explained. And more than this, there is an actual physiological fixation of the old instincts in our nervous tissue, which would make them obscurely operative even were the conscious mind to be purged of all sources of wonder. Because w	Easton Press, H.G. Wells "The Outline of History" Deluxe Limited Edition of only 400 (Sealed) 2 Volume Set Description Add the jewel of your collection with this exquisite first edition reprint of The Outline of History H.G. Wells, the master of futuristic fiction, is also famous for his history of the world. The original was published in 24 serials, just after the First World War; it has now been collected and reprinted into two leather-bound volumes. Each volume contains the text as well as the illustrations, which accompanied each serialization and vintage ads. This Deluxe Limited Edition tells the tale of earth from the dinosaurs up to the early decades of the 20th century, a sweeping epic worthy of this remarkable presentation. The volumes measure 8-3/8� by 10-7/8� and are bound in genuine leather, with a raised spine embossed in 22-karat gold. Inside, acid-neutral paper ensures the longevity of your treasured set; the paper will not crumble with age, preserving each elegant image and line. A custom slipcase is included to ensure safe storage and display of the volumes. The Outline of History, as Wells first crafted it almost a hundred years ago, is an enduring work from a renowned author. This exceptional edition, limited to only 400 hand-numbered sets, will be equally lasting as the focal point of your display. Easton Press. Norwalk, CT. , H.G. Wells "The Outline of History: Being A Plain History Of Life And Mankind". Deluxe Limited Edition of only 400. Full genuine premium leather. Written with the advice and editorial help of Mr. Ernest Barker, Sir H.H. Johnston, Sir E. Ray Lankester, and Professor Gilbert Murray. LONDON. George Newnes Limited, Southampton St. Strand W.C. A distinctive deluxe edition that is lavishly illustrated throughout. Condition: As New. Sealed. The condition is of the highest quality. This item will be professionally packed with plenty of bubble wrap and in a strong new box to ensure safe delivery. Includes the classic Easton Press qualities: * Premium Leather	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,253	What Indian word was used by the Portuguese for army servants and became applied by British to Asiatic seamen?	P&O Indian and Pakistani Crews The Purser's department, ss Iberia 1963. Photo: Diana Borcherds (nee French) Kalasi securing the port gangway, ss Arcadia. Photo: Michael Ian Byard First Class Seaman reporting for duty - ss Surat 1968 Forecastle stations: Second Officer, 6 Kalasis, Serang, Bosun and Carpenter on the windlass. P&O first positioned a ship east of Suez in 1842 and established a base in Calcutta. From there a service was started to take passengers and freight to Suez, and then overland to Alexandria and on to UK. The shipï¿½s British Officers and Crew were required to be relieved every two years and it was quickly realised that although the cost of sending out Officers from UK could not be avoided, it made sense to replace the outgoing British ratings with locally engaged, far less expensive, Indian crews. Various manning arrangements were tried, but it was not until after 1853 when a P&O office was established in Bombay, that a manning structure emerged which was to remain in place for more than a hundred years. Asian Crew and European Officers of a late nineteenth century P&O vessel. Memorial University Maritime History Archive [MHA] Lascar crew members, ss Ballarat, 1890. Image reproduced by courtesy of State Library of South Australia. Lascars, splicing and seizing mooring ropes, Royal Albert Docks, London 1950s Note: The term ï¿½Lascarï¿½ is not in use today, but as a period term it identified men who were engaged at ports in India under the special terms of a running Agreement. The Lascar Agreement replaced the standard British Board of Trade foreign-going Agreement for seafarers of Indian, African and Middle-Eastern origin. The Indian ï¿½Lascar Actï¿½ of 1832 was repealed only in 1963, having outlasted the time that Lascar was used as a term in British labour legislation. In 1940, in the period of decolonization, Labour minister Ernest Bevin protested the term with passion and ï¿½would not allow them to be called Lascars any more. They are Indian seamen, and when you get rid of the term Lascar, you will rid of the conception that they are cheap human fodder.ï¿½ It was 1953, however, before sensitivities to the differentiation of ï¿½Indian seamenï¿½ by race prevailed and they became ï¿½Seaman Class I and Class IIï¿½. Today India is second only to the Philippines in the numbers of seafarers it supplies to the worldï¿½s merchant shipping. A trade union organization, the International Transport Workersï¿½ Federation, is perhaps the most effective institution operating globally in an industry which still exploits racial difference. Deck and Engine Room Ratings Serang and Khallasis ss Viceroy Of India, 1929 The Deck Ratings were Hindu or Moslem and were recruited from the various fishing communities in India. They were always referred to as the Khallasis, a colloquial term which is still used in India today to describe unskilled labour.The Engine Ratings were Pathan Hill Farmers from the north of what is today Pakistan, mainly from Swat. This is an immense distance from Bombay and quite why they were first employed is not known, but it is assumed that it was because of their physical toughness and ability to work in the harsh environment of the Engine Room. They were colloquially referred to as the Agwallahs, or Firemen. ss Himalaya's Deck Department Serang - 1968 Both the Deck and Engine Crews were headed by a Serang, who was charged with recruiting his own crew usually from his own village, and at the end of his time on board he received a bonus depending on how many of his crew had not deserted in the interim. This arrangement only came to an end in 1958. The Boiler Room & Stokehold , c1890 Painting the ship's side ss Himalaya 1968 The last traditional Indian Deck and Pakistani Engine Crews were discharged from Canberra in 1986, when they were replaced by a Pakistani General Purpose Crew. Today, the P&O Cruise Ships still have Pakistani Crew, who are the descendents of the Agwallahs, but are employed as Deck Seamen. Catering Ratings For the Catering Rat	Scurvy in the British Mercantile Marine in the 19th century, and the contribution of the Seamen’s Hospital Society \| Postgraduate Medical Journal Scurvy in the British Mercantile Marine in the 19th century, and the contribution of the Seamen’s Hospital Society PDF History of medicine Scurvy in the British Mercantile Marine in the 19th century, and the contribution of the Seamen’s Hospital Society Free G C Cook Correspondence to: Professor Gordon C Cook Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 12 Chandos Street, London W1G 9DR, UK Abstract When long voyages in sailing vessels were commonplace, scurvy was a major health hazard in mariners of all nations. The observations of James Lind (1716–94) and others indicated that citrus fruits had both a preventive and curative role in this disease. In the light of this work, by 1800 the disease had been virtually eliminated from Britain’s Royal Navy. However, it continued in the merchant navies of all nations until the latter half of the 19th century. In 1867, the Merchant Shipping Amendment Act was passed by the British Parliament largely as a result of a concerted effort by the Seamen’s Hospital Society (SHS), one of whose physicians, Harry Leach (1836–79) was the major proselytiser for improved conditions in the merchant service. Examination of the SHS records before and after this event demonstrate a marked reduction in the prevalence of scurvy in the Port of London. Although other factors—such as the introduction of steam ships, which resulted in faster voyages—were clearly important, the compulsory administration of genuine lime juice under supervision in the merchant service seems to have exerted a significant effect. Statistics from Altmetric.com No Altmetric data available for this article. The prevalence of scurvy in ancient times remains unclear 1– 3 ; it seems likely that the disease did not reach “epidemic” proportions in seafarers until the advent of long sea voyages to and from Europe to India, and the East Indies. It was also endemic in certain locations on shore especially among the poor; potential recruits to the Royal Navy were sometimes rejected as chronic scorbutics. 4 The very high mortality rate during Anson’s circumnavigation in 1740–4 (fig 1) did much to emphasise the importance of this disease in mariners. 5– 7 A small clinical trial by James Lind (1716–94) in 1747 8– 10 established that this was primarily a disease which could be cured by citrus fruits (fig 2). Subsequent work by Gilbert Blane (1749–1834) and Thomas Trotter (1760–1832) 11, 12 established the accuracy of Lind’s observations; indeed, Blane’s 1815 summary confirmed the virtual disappearance of scurvy from the Royal Navy. 13 An extensive literature on this subject documents these important developments. 14– 16 Download powerpoint Figure 1 Admiral Lord George Anson (1697–1762) whose circumnavigation in 1740–44 produced an extremely high mortality in his crew, due largely to scurvy (courtesy The Seamen’s Hospital Society). Download powerpoint Figure 2 Title page of James Lind’s A Treatise of the Scurvy in three parts, containing an Inquiry into the Nature, Causes, and Cure of that Disease. Together with a critical and chronological view of what has been published on the subject. By the mid-19th century, the disease had largely disappeared from the land-based British population. However, Robert Barnes (physician to the Seamen’s Hospital Society’s (SHS) Hospital-ship Dreadnought) in an excellent historical account of scurvy in Britain and in British vessels pointed out that “In the spring of 1823 scurvy [still] prevailed in the Millbank penitentiary ... being caused by a diet of which fresh succulent vegetables formed no part”. 17 “Many similar instances [he wrote] occur in the reports of the Inspectors of Prisons for the years 1836, 1837 and 1838”. “The excellent dietaries now adopted in our gaols, workhouses, and other public institutions have abolished scurvy [he wrote], and to the present race of officials the disease is unknown”. Although not therefore a major killer in the Royal Navy by the 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,254	Where was Che Guevara killed?	The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents The Death of Che Guevara: Declassified By Peter Kornbluh National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 5 For more information contact: Peter Kornbluh 202/994-7000 or nsarchiv@gwu.edu Washington, D.C. – On October 9th, 1967, Ernesto "Che" Guevara was put to death by Bolivian soldiers, trained, equipped and guided by U.S. Green Beret and CIA operatives. His execution remains a historic and controversial event; and thirty years later, the circumstances of his guerrilla foray into Bolivia, his capture, killing, and burial are still the subject of intense public interest and discussion around the world. As part of the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Che Guevara, the National Security Archive's Cuba Documentation Project is posting a selection of key CIA, State Department, and Pentagon documentation relating to Guevara and his death. This electronic documents book is compiled from declassified records obtained by the National Security Archive, and by authors of two new books on Guevara: Jorge Castañeda's Compañero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara (Knopf), and Henry Butterfield Ryan's The Fall of Che Guevara (Oxford University Press). The selected documents, presented in order of the events they depict, provide only a partial picture of U.S. intelligence and military assessments, reports and extensive operations to track and "destroy" Che Guevara's guerrillas in Bolivia; thousands of CIA and military records on Guevara remain classified. But they do offer significant and valuable information on the high-level U.S. interest in tracking his revolutionary activities, and U.S. and Bolivian actions leading up to his death. DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS CIA, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution, October 18, 1965 This intelligence memorandum, written by a young CIA analyst, Brian Latell, presents an assessment that Guevara's preeminence as a leader of the Cuban revolution has waned, and his internal and international policies have been abandoned. In domestic policy, his economic strategy of rapid industrialization has "brought the economy to its lowest point since Castro came to power," the paper argues. In foreign policy, he "never wavered from his firm revolutionary stand, even as other Cuban leaders began to devote most of their attention to the internal problems of the revolution." With Guevara no longer in Cuba, the CIA's assessment concludes, "there is no doubt that Castro's more cautious position on exporting revolution, as well as his different economic approach, led to Che's downfall." U.S. Army, Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Activation, Organization and Training of the 2d Battalion - Bolivian Army, April 28, 1967 This memorandum of understanding, written by the head of the U.S. MILGP (Military Group) in Bolivia and signed by the commander of the Bolivian armed forces, created the Second Ranger Battalion to pursue Che Guevara's guerrilla band. The agreement specifies the mission of a sixteen-member Green Beret team of U.S. special forces, drawn from the 8th Special Forces division of the U.S. Army Forces at Southcom in Panama, to "produce a rapid reaction force capable of counterinsurgency operations and skilled to the degree that four months of intensive training can be absorbed by the personnel presented by the Bolivian Armed Forces." In October, the 2nd Battalion, aided by U.S. military and CIA personnel, did engage and capture Che Guevara's small band of rebels. White House Memorandum, May 11, 1967 This short memo to President Lyndon Johnson records U.S. efforts to track Guevara's movements, and keep the President informed of his whereabouts. Written by presidential advisor, Walt Rostow, the memo reports that Guevara may be "operational" and not dead as the CIA apparently believed after his disappearance from Cuba. CIA, Intelligence Information Cable, October 17, 1967 T	Venezuelan leader Hugo Chávez dies FacebookEmail Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest Venezuelan leader Hugo Chávez dies Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, the socialist leader who assailed U.S. influence in Latin America in his campaign against capitalism and democratic freedoms, has died. Post to Facebook Venezuelan leader Hugo Chávez dies Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, the socialist leader who assailed U.S. influence in Latin America in his campaign against capitalism and democratic freedoms, has died. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/WtmpXX CancelSend A link has been sent to your friend's email address. Posted! A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. 468 To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs Venezuelan leader Hugo Chávez dies Girish Gupta, Special for USA TODAY Published 5:00 p.m. ET March 5, 2013 \| Updated 9:00 p.m. ET March 5, 2013 CLOSE x Share Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has died. The fiery socialist leader who declared a socialist revolution in Venezuela died Tuesday at 58. Chavez succumbed to cancer after months of treatments in Cuba. VPC Chávez's political moves brought criticism from the United States and his ties with some of the world's most notorious leaders exacerbated his relationship with Washington. Venezuelan President Chavez waves to supporters during a break at the XIV Summit of Andean Presidents on June 27, 2003, in Rionegro, Colombia. (Photo: Javier Galeno, AP) Chávez succumbed to cancer after months of treatment in Cuba He took office in 1999 after running on campaign to end corruption A number of people detested Chávez for repressing political opposition CARACAS, Venezuela — Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, the socialist leader who assailed U.S. influence in Latin America in his campaign against capitalism and democratic freedoms, died Tuesday. He was 58. Chávez succumbed to cancer after months of treatments in Cuba, whose communist leaders he admired and propped up with cheap Venezuelan oil. In power for 14 years, Chávez used oil money and vitriol to spread his "Bolivarian revolution" to neighboring states, playing a role in bolstering leftward turns in Ecuador and Bolivia and backing revolutionaries in Colombia. He hectored the United States often, belittling its leaders and cozying up to its adversaries. In Venezuela, Chávez was a hero to impoverished villagers who had never shared in the country's oil wealth and benefited from housing improvements and health clinics. Detractors saw him as a dictator, packing the oil industry with incompetent cronies, repressing political opponents and ruining Venezuela's attempts to modernize and democratize. Last Slide Next Slide Chávez dismantled Venezuela's democratic political system, rewrote the country's constitution in his favor, clamped down on freedom of expression and tried to spread his version of socialism throughout the continent. Some scholars said his claim to be working for the poor rang hollow. "He deserves credit for putting his finger on a legitimate grievance in Venezuela about social exclusion and injustice," said Michael Shifter, president of the Inter-American Dialogue. However, "Chávez will be remembered as a leader who squandered a rare opportunity to transform his country in a positive way." Chávez was born to schoolteacher parents in July 1954. As a young man, he entered the Venezuelan Academy of Military Sciences and joined the army when leftists were pushing for radical alternatives to growing poverty. A decline in oil prices in the 1980s caused a drop in social spending and riots in which hundreds died, and Chávez drifted toward left-wing groups outside the military that supported a violent takeover of the government. STORY: 'Who will take care of us?' poor say after Chávez dies In 1992, Chávez, a lieutenant colonel, attempted a coup with others but failed, and he was jailed until 1994. Upon release, he ran for president and won on a vow to end corruption. Faced with strong political opposition, Chávez used referendums to strengthen his powe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,255	Where was the venue for the Commonwealth Games in 2010?	Commonwealth Games 2010: venue guide - Telegraph Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games 2010: venue guide All you need to know about the 11 competition venues for the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi, India, Oct 3-14 2010. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Photo: REUTERS Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Photo: AP Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium Photo: REUTERS Thyagaraj Sports Complex Photo: AP Siri Fort Sports Complex Photo: REUTERS Siri Fort Sports Complex Photo: AP Dr Karni Singh Shooting Range Photo: GETTY IMAGES Talkatora Stadium Photo: GETTY IMAGES 3:39PM BST 22 Sep 2010 Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex Athletics, lawn bowls, weightlifting The 60,000-seater complex, named after the first Prime Minister of India, was the main venue for the IX Asian Games in 1982. It will host the Opening and Closing Ceremonies for the 2010 Commonwealth Games . A footbridge under construction for the Commonwealth Games near to the main Nehru stadium in New Delhi collapsed 11 days before the Games were due to begin, injuring 23 people. A false ceiling at the weightlifting venue then collapsed 24 hours later. The lawn bowls venue has, as yet, been safe from harm. Delhi University Rugby Sevens The updated stadium has auto-sprinkling technology, underground drainage, an ozone system for air-freshening, a low power consuming air-conditioning system and lush natural grass. Related Articles Deadline set by Team Wales 22 Sep 2010 The 10,000-seater, will also serve as the training venue for Netball, Boxing, Women's Wrestling and Athletics during the Games. CRPF and Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range, Kadarpur Only seats 345 but perhaps should be catering for more considering Abhinav Bindra, who won India's first individual Olympic gold in 2008, will be competing. Lucky then that's at the CRPF range while the Dr Singh venue can house up to 1,000 spectators. The venue survived heavy monsoon rains in July. Thyagaraj Sports Complex Netball Named after an 18th-century south Indian poet-composer, the Thyagaraj is India’s first-ever model Green Venue built with the latest green technologies. Maybe Delhi's embattled Games organisers could come here to find peace if things get more pear-shaped during the Games. Indira Gandhi Sports Complex Gymnastics, cycling, wrestling Located on the western bank of Yamuna River, it was built in the 1982 and is the largest indoor stadium in India. The velodrome was completed in June and has been adjudged as being second in quality only to the one used during the Beijing Olympics by the International Cycling Federation. Dr. S.P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium The 5,000-seater venue flooded during the Delhi monsoons and has been in the spotlight after a swimmer was injured because of a loose tile. Technical flaws were seen in the pool structure and there was no lift built for the divers to reach the high board. The staircases leading to the top are cramped, while the ceiling at the warm-up area was deemed too low. The changing rooms were also seen as too small. The complex is located on the ridge forest area of Central Delhi and care has been taken so as to save a large number of trees in the area. Talkatora Indoor Stadium	September 8 A colossal statue of Apollo is discovered at a - BUS - 208 View Full Document September 8 A colossal statue of Apollo is discovered at a UNESCO World Heritage Site at Hierapolis, Turkey. Sudanese journalist Lubna al-Hussein is freed from one day in jail after being prosecuted for wearing trousers – the fine was paid by the Journalist Union. September 9 This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document US Representative Joe Wilson (R-SC) interrupts President Barack Obama's health care speech to the Congress with an audible shout of "You lie!" "Beatles Day" is celebrated worldwide as remastered versions of The Beatles' albums are released, as well as The Beatles: Rock Band. September 10 British Prime Minister Gordon Brown apologises for the post-war treatment of celebrated WWII code- breaker Alan Turing, who was chemically castrated for having homosexual relations. Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi says he will demand a permanent place in the United Nations Security Council for Africa and compensation worth 777 trillion dollars for years of colonialism in New York later this month. September 11 Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe condemns "bloody whites" for meddling in his country's affairs, specifically perceived British and American interference. The oldest person in the world, Gertrude Baines, dies in Los Angeles aged 115. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announces the discovery of a vast gas field off the coast of his country, one of the world's largest finds. September 12 Ireland's Taoiseach Brian Cowen denies Libertas founder Declan Ganley's claim that the second Irish referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon is "profoundly undemocratic". In rugby union, South Africa defeat New Zealand 32-29 to win the 2009 Tri Nations Series. September 13 Kim Clijsters of Belgium defeats Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark to win the 2009 US Open Women's Singles. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva heavily criticises the "rich countries", the G8 and other international bodies over the global economic crisis. Two of the so-called Bermuda Triangle's most mysterious disappearances in the late 1940s may have been solved. September 14 Legislators in Aceh province in Indonesia pass a new law on stoning to death and other severe sentences for adultery, homosexuality and premarital sex. China lodges a complaint with the World Trade Organization over the United States' decision to impose import duties on Chinese-made tires. In tennis, Juan Martín del Potro defeats Roger Federer at the U.S. Open. American actor Patrick Swayze dies at age 57, after suffering from pancreatic cancer for more than 1 year. September 15 Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke says the worst U.S. recession since the 1930s has likely ended, while warning that growth may not be strong enough to quickly reduce the unemployment rate. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev accuses the United States of "blocking" Russia's accession to the World This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Dreams and nightmares. We were plunged in to darkness. Screams pierced my ears. The d 22505330-Titanic-Nostalgia	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,256	In Astronomy what name is given to the supermassive Black-Hole at the centre of our Galaxy?	The Supermassive Black Hole at the Galactic Center Is there a black hole at the center of the Galaxy? The center of our Galaxy, as seen in the radio. Credit: Farhad Zadeh, VLA, NRAO, APOD As we zoom into the very core of the Galactic Center, our field of view shrinks to a mere 5 arcseconds (one thousandth of a degree). At radio wavelengths, the brightest feature of this region is the point-like radio source Sagittarius A* (pronounced "Sag A star"). This source is a compact object, and approximately one Astronomical Unit (1 AU is about 93 million miles) in size, which is much smaller than our solar system (Neptune is 2.8 billion miles from the Sun). At near-infrared wavelengths, this point source in the radio is not clearly seen. Astronomers have seen pulsation near the radio position of Sgr A* in the near-infrared, which they attribute to this radio source flaring. Three-color Laser Guide Star Movie of the Galactic Center. In 1974, Sir Martin Rees proposed the idea that supermassive black holes could exist within the centers of active galactic nuclei or quasars. In that same year, Balick and Brown made the conenction between their radio detection of Sgr A* and other known active galactic nuclei The mini-spiral in the GC. It is centered on Sgr A. In the past 20 years, astronomers have collected enough evidence through the observed motions of gas and stars to convince ourselves that something very massive lurks at the center of our galaxy. The first dynamical evidence came from the motions of the ionized gas streamers of the mini-spiral orbiting Sgr A. Using the velocities of the gas estimated from the Doppler shift of spectral lines, astronomers estimated that a mass of six million solar masses must lie within 10 arcseconds of Sgr A. This did not explicitly prove the existence of a black hole since that amount of matter could be accounted for by a high density of stars within such a large volume. The twin Keck 10 meter telescopes. Credit: Swinburne University of Technology Since 1995, high-resolution near-infrared studies have observed a compact cluster of early-type stars surrounding the radio position of Sgr A. These stars have very large proper motions (they are moving across the sky very quickly) considering their 24 million light year distance from the Earth. The two main groups devoted to tracking these stars include Andrea Ghez and others at UCLA, who use the 10-m Keck telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and Reinhard Genzel and Andreas Eckart who use the 8-m VLT telescopes in Chile. Both groups take advantage of the high spatial resolution and sensitivity of these large telescopes to track the positions of the stars within the cluster using near-infrared images collected once or twice a year. Despite the large diameters of the Keck and VLT telescopes, air turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere blurs the images taken at the telescopes. The atmosphere has a lot of molecules that are colliding into each other and getting heated up. On really hot days, we can see the heat waves coming up off the ground, or if you look at a flame, you can see the heat influencing the air around it. This is what happens in our atmosphere. In order to correct for it, astronmers are now using Adaptive Optics (AO) systems, which increases the sensitivity of observations. AO systems use a deformable mirror that mimics the shape of the incoming lightwave and corrects for the atmospheric turbulence before the data is recorded. In order to see the individual stars in the GC, adaptive optics is necssary. The orbits of the stars in the Galactic Center from 1995 - 2011. Very accurate stellar positions can be estimated in order to keep track of the motions of the stars in the compact central cluster, which are zipping around Sgr A* at speeds up to 3 million miles per hour! Using Kepler's laws of motion, the orbital velocities and the positions of the bright stars an be used to estimate the mass that must be contained within their orbits. The resulting enclosed mass is 4.6 ± 0.7 X 10^6 solar masses--4.6 million times the mass of our Sun! This large ma	Glossary of Space Terms from A-Z: Astronomy Dictionary & Terminology – PlanetFacts.org The Moon Space Terms If you ever wonder the meaning of an astronomical word, search no further and browse below to find the definition of the space term. The following are terms from A-Z related to space & astronomy: -A- Absolute magnitude – also known as absolute visual magnitude, relates to measuring a heavenly object’s brightness when viewed from 10 parsec or 32+ light years. Absolute zero – The international community agreed to define absolute zero as equivalent to −273.15°C on the Celsius scale or−459.67°F on the Fahrenheit scale. It is the theoretical temperature entropy reaches its minimum value. Absorption lines are a dark feature in the spectrum of a star formed by cooler gases in a star’s outer layer. Accretion disks arise when material, usually gases, are transferred from one celestial object to another. There are two places astronomers find accretion disks, binary star systems and galactic nuclei. Achromatic lens is a combination of lenses made of different glass. These bring two wavelengths into focus (normally red & blue) on the same plane. Achromatic lenses are used to take chromatic aberrations away from images. Active galactic nuclei is a region in the center of a galaxy that has a higher than normal brightness. It is a class of galaxies that emit a large amount of energy from their center more than ordinary galaxies. Active optics – Technology developed in the 80’s for reflecting telescopes. The construction enables telescopes to move 8 meter primary mirrors. As the name suggests, it works by “actively” adjusting the telescope mirrors. Adaptive optics – technology used to improve performance of optical systems through the reduction of rapidly changing optical distortion. It is used to remove atmospheric distortion through the use of astronomical telescopes and laser communication. Airy disk – Named after George Airy, it is the central spot in a diffraction pattern of a stars image in focus in a telescope. Albedo is the ratio that light is reflected by a planet or satellite to that received by it. It is the ratio of total-reflected light. Altazimuth mount is a two-axis mount used to support and rotate an instrument in two common perpendicular axes, vertical (altitude) and horizontal (azimuth). Altitude is the height of anything above given a planetary reference plane. In astronomy the angular distance of a heavenly body above the horizon. Anaglyph is a composite picture printed in two colors to produce a 3D image viewed through eye glasses having lenses of the same colors. Andromeda galaxy is a spiral galaxy that is nearly two and a half million light years away in the constellation Andromeda. Angular size is the angle between two lines of sight to its two opposite sides. It is a measure of how large an object actually appears to be. Anisotropy is the state of being directionally dependent. The property of being anisotropic and having a different value when measured in different directions. Annular eclipse , a solar eclipse in which the moon covers all but the bright ring around the circumference of the sun. When Sun and Moon are exactly in line, because the Moon is smaller, the Sun appears as a bright ring (annulus) surrounding the moon. Antimatter is matter composed of anti-particles: antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. Hypothetically a type of matter identical to physical matter except that the atoms are made of: anti-electrons, anti-protons, and anti-neutrons. Aperture is a hole, gap, or slit and any other small opening. Diameter of the objective of a telescope. Aphelion is the point of orbit of a planet or comet which is farthest away from the sun. Panchromatic – sensitive to light of all colors in the visible spectrum. Apogee is the point in the orbit of an object (moon, satellite, etc…) orbiting the earth that is at the greatest distance from the center of the earth. Apparent magnitude is the measure of brightness of a celestial body as seen from Earth as seen without atmosphere. Apparition i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,257	"In the USA what is the value of a banknote sometimes referred to as a ""Sawbuck""?"	United States dollar United States dollar Nickname List Ace, bank, bean, bread, bill, bone, buck, C-note, cheddar, dead president, deuce, dinero, dub, ducat, doubloon, fin, fiver, frog, grand, greenback , large, moolah, paper, sawbuck , scratch, scrilla, simoleons, single, skins, smackeroo, smackers, spondulix , stack, Tom, and yard Plural: dough, green, bread, bones, bucks, skrilla, clams Based on denomination: Washingtons, Jeffersons, Lincolns, Hamiltons, Jacksons, Grants, and Benjamins [1] Zimbabwean Bond Coin (at par) The United States dollar ( sign : $ ; code : USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution . It is divided into 100 smaller cent (¢) units. The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes . The U.S. dollar is commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain (24.1 g) pure or 416 grain (27.0 g) standard silver. It is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world’s primary reserve currency . [8] Several countries use it as their official currency , and in many others it is the de facto currency . [9] Besides the United States, it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean : the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands . A few countries only use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U.S. coins that can be used as payment in U.S. dollars, such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar . Contents 14.1 Images of U.S. currency and coins Overview Article I , Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power “To coin money”. [10] Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112 . Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued. [11] These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as “legal tender” in payment of debts. [11] The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle . Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars. [11] These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar . The Constitution provides that “a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time”. [12] That provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. [13] The sums of money reported in the “Statements” are currently being expressed in U.S. dollars (for example, see the 2009 Financial Report of the United States Government). [14] The U.S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word “dollar” is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution. There, “dollars” is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar , a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales . In 1792 the U.S. Congress passed a Coinage Act . Section 9 of that act authorized the production of various coins, including “DOLLARS OR UNITS—each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver”. Section 20 of the act provided, “That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units… and that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation”. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States. Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to	My Questions - Documents Documents Share My Questions Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html" title="My Questions" target="_blank">My Questions</a></div> size(px) Download My Questions Transcript Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line "Stick a pony in me pocket"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show "A Question Of Sport"? Which "Generation Game" presenter was famous for his catchphrase "Shut That Door"? "No Mean City" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as "La Cosa Nostra"? What was the Titanic’s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series "Just Good Friends"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film "The Karate Kid"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means "empty orchestra"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers David Coleman Larry Grayson Taggart The Royle Family Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) The Simpsons Teddy Bear Alabama Minotaur The Netherlands The Bismark The Mafia Cherbourg Ben Nevis The Net Toy Story 2 Paul Nicholas "The Lion King" The Adder 28 Martin Luther King's York Manager of the Spice Girls Cupid Using chopsticks to do it Jaws (in two James Bond films) Dixon - the others are Santa's reindeer Mercury Diet Coke Karaoke October 31st Hammerstein On 11th February 1990, which fam	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,258	Who was the main architect of 'The Sage' in Gateshead?	Architecture in focus: The Sage Gateshead \| Engaging Places Architecture in focus: The Sage Gateshead By Engaging Places \| 11 November 2014 Tags: Review Building and site description The Sage Gateshead is one of the most important performing arts buildings in northern England, combining high-tech materials with a distinct shell-like exterior to produce a modern icon. The Sage Gateshead sits along the River Tyne © wojtek gurak's, flickr.com Designed by Norman Foster’s firm Foster and Associates in partnership with Arup Acoustics and with the help of many musicians and performing artists, the Sage Gateshead has been open since 2004 and has become one of the most recognizable buildings in the Tyneside area. With the support of the Gateshead Council, who provided the site on the River Tyne, construction was begun in 2001 and finished in 2004. This was quite a turnaround from the original use for the site, which was an industrial wasteland. The building was the first performing arts structure designed by Sir Norman Foster, who is known for 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) , Wembley Stadium, and the Millennium Bridge, all in London. The Sage Gateshead was designed as three separate halls (Hall one, Hall two and the Northern Rock Foundation Hall) which do not touch, leaving gaps between the walls and ceilings for additional acoustic circulation. These gaps can be seen when standing on level one looking towards either side of the Northern Rock Foundation Hall. Foster then designed a canopy to fit over the top of all the individual rooms and the concourse level, resulting in the unusual shell or cloud shape that can be seen from the outside. The Sage Gateshead is designed to be a performing arts centre for all to enjoy, and has lots of different features that encourage visitors to explore the building. The Northern Rock Foundation Hall has a glass-panel front so that visitors can watch rehearsals and performances without interrupting the musicians. Sometimes performances are held on the main level, known as the concourse (or level O), which is a huge public space that is complimented by several cafes and restaurants and the view out towards the Millennium Gateshead Bridge and Tyne Bridge. Futurehead the music band, performing inside the venue © Whistling in the Dark, flickr.com Quirky facts The building was constructed with a special type of concrete that contains extra air bubbles to help with sound-proofing and acoustics. The roof of the Sage Gateshead contains 3,500m2 of glass (equal to 8.3 basketball courts) and 3,043 stainless steel panels (equal to 2.2 football pitches). The building is over 40 metres tall at its highest point, which is twice as high as the Angel of the North sculpture by Antony Gormley. Building highlights The glass balustrade that runs the length of the concourse level is an impressive feat of artistic imagination. Designed by Kate Maestri, it is 200 metres long and weighs 8224 kilograms – that’s the same length as 611 violins, 15 grand pianos, or two Northern Sinfonia orchestras. Using the Sage Gateshead as a teaching resource As a specifically designed performing arts and cultural centre, the Sage Gateshead can be used to provide teaching and learning opportunities in a range of subjects, including English, music, art and design, and maths. The site of the Sage Gateshead demonstrates the way an inner-city industrial wasteland can be transformed into a vibrant cultural space, bringing the community together in many ways. The design of the Sage Gateshead itself utilized cutting-edge technology, mathematics, engineering and acoustic-design. Exploring the building’s many spaces can demonstrate how properly planned projects can produce truly outstanding high-tech results. The organic curves of the glass paneling wraps around the building © smlp.co.uk Teaching activities Key stage 3: Art and design, citizenship Imagine you have been invited to use the Sage Gateshead as a venue for staging a multicultural festival celebrating the diverse nature of modern life in the UK. This event could include performances, info	The Engineers of the Forth Bridge \| Forth Bridges The engineers The Bridge Builders Three men stand out in the creation of the Forth Bridge: Designer Benjamin Baker, Consulting Engineer John Fowler and Building Contractor William Arrol. The Designer Benjamin Baker (1840-1907) began his career at 16 as an apprentice in the South Wales Ironworks. He moved to London, where he was involved in the construction of Victoria Station, and joined the firm of John Fowler in 1862, becoming a partner in 1875. The two men were greatly involved in the creation of London’s underground railway system, which had been begun by Fowler in the early 1860s. Baker’s other achievements included designing the vessel to carry Cleopatra’s Needle from Egypt to Britain, and acting as consulting engineer on the Aswan Dam from 1894 to 1902. Benjamin Baker was knighted in 1890 for his work on the Forth Bridge. The Consulting Engineer John Fowler (1817-1998) was one of the great civil engineers of the Victorian railway boom. He designed a number of bridges – including the Grosvenor Bridge, which carried the first railway across the Thames – and designed Victoria Station in London and stations in Glasgow, Sheffield, Liverpool and Manchester. Manchester Central Station’s 64m-wide train shed roof was the second widest unsupported steel arch in the country, after the roof of St Pancras Station. Some of his most memorable work, though, was as a pioneering engineer on the various lines which became the London Underground. He was also involved in engineering and railway work abroad, with projects in Algeria, Egypt, Australia, Belgium, the United States, Germany, France and Portugal. In 1865 he became the youngest ever president of the Institution of Civil Engineers and was active in leading the development of training for engineers. By the time he came to his work on the Forth Bridge he had passed much of the design work on to Benjamin Baker, but he remained the senior partner throughout the construction and was made a baronet on completion of the bridge in 1890. The Contractor William Arrol (1839-1913) was the classic Victorian ideal of the self-made man, rising from humble origins to fame and a knighthood through hard work and ingenuity. Beginning work in a cotton mill at the tender age of nine, he became a blacksmith’s apprentice at 14. He joined a Glasgow firm of builders and bridge makers in 1863 and just five years later was able to launch his own business on his life savings of £85. He established his Dalmarnock Works in 1872 and within three years built his first major bridge, taking the North British Railway across the Clyde at Bothwell. He won the contract to build Bouch’s planned suspension bridge across the Forth and, when that was halted, he won the contract for the successful Baker and Fowler design. In a work schedule which didn’t ease with success, he was also the contractor for the new Tay Rail Bridge, and a typical week would see him spend Monday morning at his works at Dalmarnock before going for two days to the Forth, two days to the Tay and one back at Dalmarnock – before getting on the train to London to consult with Fowler and Baker on the Saturday and sometimes the Sunday too. By the time he was knighted for his work in 1890, he had already started work on London’s Tower Bridge (opened 1894) and future contracts would include the Wear Bridge at Sunderland and the Nile Bridge at Cairo.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,259	What frightening sci-fi film character, also called a xenomorph, was designed by H. R. Giger from a lithograph titled Necronom IV?	Xenomorph \| Horror Film Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Archie Hahn (Voice actor) AvP & AvP:RTom Woodruff Jr The Alien, also called the Xenomorph, is a fictional endoparasitoid extraterrestrial species that is the primary antagonist of the Alien film series. The species made its debut in the 1979 film Alien , and reappeared in its sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997). It has also appeared in the series' two spinoffs Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), as well as the series' subsidiary literature and video games. Unlike many other recurring enemy extraterrestrial races in science fiction, the aliens are not an intelligent civilization, but predatory creatures with no higher goals than the propagation of their species and the destruction of life that could pose a threat. Like wasps or termites, aliens are eusocial, with a single fertile queen breeding a caste of sterile warriors. The aliens' life cycle, in which their offspring are violently implanted inside living hosts before erupting from their chests, is in many ways their signature aspect. Their design deliberately evokes many sexual images, both male and female, to illustrate its blurring of human sexual dichotomy. The alien design is credited to Swiss surrealist and artist H. R. Giger, originating in a lithograph called Necronom IV and refined for the series' first film, Alien. The species' design and life cycle have been extensively added to throughout each film. Concept and creation Necronom IV, Giger's surrealist painting that formed the basis for the alien's designThe script for the 1979 film Alien was initially drafted by Dan O'Bannon and Ronald Shusett.[10] Dan O'Bannon drafted an opening in which the crew of a mining ship are sent to investigate a mysterious message on an alien planetoid. He eventually settled on the threat being an alien creature; however, he could not conceive of an interesting way for it to get onto the ship. Inspired after waking from a dream, Shusett said, "I have an idea: the monster screws one of them";[10] planting its seed in his body, and then bursting out of his chest. Both realized the idea had never been done before, and it subsequently became the core of the film.[10] "This is a movie about alien interspecies rape," O'Bannon said on the documentary Alien Evolution, "That's scary because it hits all of our buttons."[11] Giger's Alien design, inspired by his earlier painting Necronom IV, for the film AlienThe title of the film was decided late in the script's development. O'Bannon had quickly dropped the film's original title, Star Beast, but could not think of a name to replace it. "I was running through titles, and they all stank," O'Bannon said in an interview, "when suddenly, that word alien just came out of the typewriter at me. Alien. It's a noun and it's an adjective."[10] The word alien subsequently became the title of the film and, by extension, the name of the creature itself. Prior to writing the script to Alien, O'Bannon had been working in France for Chilean cult director Alejandro Jodorowsky's planned adaptation of Frank Herbert's classic sci-fi novel Dune. Also hired for the project was Swiss surrealist artist HR Giger. Giger showed O'Bannon his nightmarish, monochromatic artwork, which left O'Bannon deeply disturbed. "I had never seen anything that was quite as horrible and at the same time as beautiful as his work," he remembered later.[12] The Dune film collapsed, but O'Bannon would remember Giger when Alien was greenlit, and suggested to director Ridley Scott that he be brought on to design the alien, saying that if he were to design a monster, it would be truly original.[10] Giger's alien, as portrayed by Bolaji Badejo in Ridley Scott's 1979 film AlienAfter O'Bannon handed him a copy of Giger's book Necronomicon, Scott immediately saw the potential for Giger's designs, and chose Necronom IV, a painting Giger completed in 1976, as the basis for the alien's design, citing its beauty and strong sexual overtones. That the creature could just as easily ha	Passable Literature Trivia Quiz In which book would you find a Heffalump? Which detective had a landlady called Mrs. Hudson? Who wrote the Booker Prize winning novel The Life of Pi? Which of Alexandre Dumas' 'Three Musketeers' real identity is Comte de la Fère? In which language did Vladimir Nabokov write Lolita? Which 1949 novel begins 'It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen?' How many lines are there in a sonnet? Don Diego de la Vega is the secret identity of which hero? In which novel does an alien invasion commence in Woking, England? In the title of a Shakespeare play, who are Valentine and Proteus? In which George Bernard Shaw play are Professor Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle central characters? Which fictional Count's real name is Edmond Dantès? What was the name of Captain Nemo's submarine in Jules Verne's novel? Which poet wrote the Canterbury Tales? Who was Ebenezer Scrooge's deceased partner in 'A Christmas Carol?' Question Who created the fictional town of Middlemarch? In which novel would you find the exceedingly strong drink called the 'Pan-galactic Gargle Blaster?' In which Jane Austen novel do the Bennet family appear? Who is the title hobbit in 'The Hobbit?' Which author used the pseudonyms Isaac Bickerstaffe and Lemuel Gulliver among others? What is the name of the sequel to John Milton's 'Paradise Lost?' In which novel does the character Major Major Major Major appear? Who went on a circumnavigation of the world from the Reform Club as the result of a bet? Which Ray Bradbury novel opens 'It was a pleasure to burn?' Which novel was subtitled 'The Modern Prometheus?' Who wrote the short story 'I, Robot' in 1950? In the Harry Potter novels, as whom did Tom Riddle become infamous? Which novel takes place in the Year of Our Ford 632? Who taught children to fly using 'lovely thoughts' and fairy dust? Which John Steinbeck novel centers on the characters George and Lennie? Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? How are the sisters Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy collectively known? Which mythological figure 'Shrugged' in the title of an Ayn Rand novel? How many syllables are there in a haiku? 'Workers of the world, unite!' is the last line of which work? What real-life Soviet organisation is James Bond's nemesis in the early novels? In which fictional country is the castle of Zenda to be found? Who is the chief protagonist in John Buchan's The 39 Steps? How is David John Cornwell better known? What is the name of Long John Silver’s parrot? At what age do Adrian Mole's diaries start? Who lived the last few years of his life in Paris under the pseudonym 'Sebastian Melmoth'? Who created Noddy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,260	What nation has a rugby team called the All Blacks?	NZ Rugby: All Blacks \| Active Adventures New Zealand All Blacks New Zealand All Blacks The first time visitor to New Zealand would be forgiven for thinking that sport was the most common topic of conversation for the average New Zealander. The All Blacks, one of the most successful rugby teams of all time, have their home and origins in New Zealand and are a source of immense national pride. Many foreign visitors are unfamiliar with rugby and its history, but we hope to shed some light on this most fanatically-followed of sports. Keep reading and you should be able to blend right in to some of those pub conversations and be able to watch a full game without wondering what's going on! History of rugby in New Zealand The first game of rugby played in New Zealand took place before the New Zealand Rugby Football Union was formed. From early European times, football in various forms had been played but from the description of the game in local papers, it is certain that the match between Nelson College and Nelson football club, played on 14 May 1870, was played under rugby rules. Credit for the introduction of rugby to New Zealand goes to Charles John Monro, son of Sir David Monro, Speaker in the House of Representatives from 1860 to 1870. Charles Monro, who was born at Waimea East, was sent to Christ's College, Finchley in England to complete his education and while there he learned the rugby game. On his return to Nelson he suggested that the local football club try out the rugby rules. The game must have appealed to the club members for they decided to adopt it. A visit to Wellington by Monro later in 1870 resulted in a game being arranged between Nelson and Wellington. This match was played at Petone on 12 September and was won by Nelson by two goals to one. In 1871 the game became organised in Wellington and it had spread to Wanganui by the following year. Auckland adopted rugby in 1873 while Hamilton followed suit in 1874. By 1875 the game had become established all over the colony and a team representing Auckland clubs undertook a two-week southern tour. Matches were played (and lost) against teams from Wellington, Dunedin, Christchurch, Nelson and Taranaki. In 1879, unions were formed in Canterbury and Wellington, indicating that the game was becoming more formally organised. Other unions soon followed but it was not until 1892 that the New Zealand Rugby Football Union was formed to administer the game at national level. Even before the New Zealand Rugby Football Union came into being, overseas tours had been arranged. In 1882 the first rugby team from overseas visited New Zealand when New South Wales toured both islands late in the season. In 1884, a New Zealand team, wearing blue jerseys with a gold fern, returned the visit, winning all its matches in New South Wales. New South Wales sent another side to New Zealand in 1886 and the first British team to visit arrived in 1888. The New Zealand Native Team became the first from the colony to visit Britain when it undertook the longest tour ever in 1888-89. The first national side to take the field under the auspices of the New Zealand Rugby Football Union did so in 1893, when 10 games were played on a tour of Australia. Since 1893, New Zealand has sent teams to every major rugby country and to some countries where the game is very minor. At the same time, the NZRFU has been host to players from all corners of the world. The game is spreading all the time and although rugby players in some countries may not be too sure where New Zealand is, it is certain they would have heard of the All Blacks. Tours of foreign countries early in the twentieth century were long and arduous. Players spent, literally, years away from their families. The personal sacrifices of such men, and the close team culture that developed over the course of such tours, began to have a magical effect on our rugby. National representative honours were becoming hugely respected, as much for the acknowledgement of those sacrifices and the recognition of the pride involved in making them as for the outsta	Brian Lochore \| NZHistory, New Zealand history online Biography Brian Lochore Wairarapa born and bred, Brian James (BJ) Lochore won distinction as a player and administrator at school, club, provincial and national level. In 1959, not yet 20, he made his provincial debut against the touring British Lions. All Black honours followed in 1963. In an illustrious career in the black jersey he played a total of 68 matches. He was captain in 18 of the 25 test matches he played for his country. An outstanding no. 8 or lock, he was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame in 1999 and knighted the same year. Overlooked for the All Blacks in 1964, Lochore was recalled for the following year’s series against South Africa. From that point he became a permanent fixture in the national side until he retired from international play after the 1970 tour to South Africa (he played one test in 1971 to help out an injury-struck side). In 1966 All Black coach Fred Allen appointed Lochore as All Black captain ahead of more experienced alternatives such as Colin Meads, Kel Tremain and Ken Gray. In his 18 tests in charge Lochore lost only three times – all in South Africa in 1970. When his playing days ended Lochore moved into coaching, initially with the Masterton club and from 1980 with Wairarapa-Bush . Under his guidance the union achieved promotion to the first division of the National Provincial Championship in 1981. He became an All Black selector in 1983 and coached the national team from 1985 to 1987, culminating with home success in the 1987 World Cup final . Lochore also managed the All Black team which narrowly lost the 1995 World Cup final to South Africa. Lochore played a significant role in the 1995 negotiations as rugby went professional. A split in world rugby seemed certain and many current All Blacks signed contracts with the Sydney-based World Rugby Competition (WRC). Lochore’s mana in New Zealand rugby helped ensure that in the end the country’s leading players signed contracts with the New Zealand Rugby Union. The rival WRC soon collapsed. Lochore’s iconic status within New Zealand rugby has been acknowledged by the naming of one of the two cups contested in the Heartland Championship in his honour. By Steve Watters	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,261	The 'Arab Spring' uprising in Egypt during 2011 was inspired by the 'Jasmine Revolt' that had taken place in which country?	Tunisia - Arab Spring: A Research & Study Guide * الربيع العربي - LibGuides at Cornell University Arab Spring: A Research & Study Guide * الربيع العربي Search Arab Spring: A Research & Study Guide * الربيع العربي: Tunisia This guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the "Arab Spring," the popular revolutionary wave in the Middle East and North Africa that started in December 2010. The ‘Spark’ That Started it All ‎ "‎الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام = The people want to bring down the regime" Tunisia's “Jasmine Revolution” is the first popular uprising to topple an established government in the Middle East and North Africa since the Iranian revolution of 1979; it’s also the spark that ignited and inspired other Revolutions in the region. It unfolded in three phases: First, on December 17, 2011, a young Tunisian street vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, set himself on fire in hopelessness and to protest his treatment at the hands of the authorities. Demonstrations broke out in his rural hometown followed by protests in other areas of the country. A brutal security crackdown followed, reported in chocking details by online social media. Second, when protests reached the capital, Tunis, the government responded with even more brutality, arresting demonstrators, activists, and shutting down the Internet. Lastly, the President, Zine el-Abedin Ben Ali, shuffled his cabinet and promised to create 300,000 jobs, but it was too late; protesters now just wanted the regime to fall and its President stripped of any power. On January 14, Ben Ali and his family fled the country taking refuge in Saudi Arabia. This act marked the end of one of the Arab world's most repressive regimes. It was a victory for people power and perhaps the first time ever in history that an Arab dictator has been removed by a revolution rather than a coup d’Etat. Web Archives Tunisia: The Arab Spring's success story? (A group of Tunisians try to figure out how to make the move from revolution to a functioning democratic state). aljazeera.com Poisoned spring: revolution brings Tunisia more fear than freedom / Robert Fisk( independent.co.uk,21 February 2012 "The hopes vested in last year's uprising have ended in continued censorship, growing intolerance and unemployment ..." Social Media & Networks Elections--Post Revolution Tunisia’s Elections for A Constitutional Assembly, 2011 The campaign for the first elections born of the revolts that swept the Middle East began in Tunisia on Saturday, 1 October. It features 81 political parties (out of more than 115 recognized parties) competing in the elections, making up 785 electoral lists; another 676 lists are composed of independent candidates. They’re competing for 217 seats. It is expected that those elected to a provisional constituent assembly will then have a year to write a constitution outlining how Tunisians will govern themselves before elections for a regular parliament will be held. ♦Tunisian Elections, 2011 (Cornell) ♦IFES Election Guide. Tunisia . Democracy assistance & elections news from the Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS) / International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES). Voters Online Guides (about Candidates and Parties) "Aims to Help Voters Understand Parties, Tunisia's best fixers." A new interactive platform for voters to better know the political parties running for the elections. The web site is designed to address the questions of whom to vote for, why, and how to tell the difference between Tunisia’s numerous political parties. Elections 2011 Ajidoo.com Programs of leading parties. Nchoof. org, launched on Sunday (October 2nd), enables Tunisians to present their complaints of malpractice during the electoral campaign and vote counting. The Citizenship Alliance for Elections Monitoring, which comprises associations “My Voice”, “Political Awareness” and Internet Society Tunisie (ISOC), developed the initiative. * National Constituent Assembly openin session 22 November, 2011 / المجلس الوطني التأسيسي يفتتح أولى جلساته - تونس - FRANCE 24 تش	Bezzerwizzer at Paint Branch High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Which geometric shape does Frank Llyod Wright's Guggenheim Museum in New York echo? A spiral Which painter liked to present himself as the "Man in the Bowler Hat"? Rene Magritte Which IT company is also known by the abbreviation "HP"? Hewlett Packard Which American university is known by the abbreviation "M.I.T."? Massachusetts Institute of Technology What American fashion icon enjoys the sweet smell of success with his Double Black cologne? Ralph Lauren Whon won the Oscar for Best Actor in "The Godfather" in 1972? Marlon Brando Which traditional French dish consists of eggplant, garlic, peppers, tomatoes, zucchini and onions? Ratatouille Which is the largest city in New Zealand? Auckland In 1960, which Asian country saw a woman elected as head of the government for the first time: Ceylon, Malaya or India? Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) What is the word for illnesses in which physical symptoms are traced back to mental causes? Psychosomatic How many people take part in a tete-a-tete? Two Who, in 1841, wrote about "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"? Edgar Allen Poe Who sang the title song to the James Bond film "Goldfinger"? Shirley Bassey Which species of deer is the most common across the world? Elk (moose) Who was elected President of Poland in 1990? Lech Walesa Which planet is also known as the "evening star"? Venus In a battle of the "hot-heads," who did Jimmy Connors defeat in 1982 in the Wimbledon tennis finals? John McEnroe Which videotape format prevailed in the face of competition from Betamax and Video2000? VHS Which President proclaimed Thanksgiving Day a national holiday? Abraham Lincoln Who was the murder victim at the center of the plot in TV's "Twin Peaks"? Laura Palmer Renaissance architecture emerged from which country? Italy How many people can be seen in da Vinci's painting of "The Last Supper"? Thirteen Which drink did pharmacist John S. Pemberton invent in 1886? Coca Cola Which term, used in sociology denotes the adaption of a minority to the culture and lifestyle of the majority? Assimilation What do the letters of the American fashion label "DKNY" stand for? Donna Karan New York Who played the role of Baron von Trapp in 1965's "The Sound of Music"? Christopher Plummer Which nation brought chocolate to Europe from rainforests of Mexico and Central America? Spain In which country is the Gibson Desert? Australia What was the code name for Allied Invasion of Normandy on D-Day? Operation Overlord What substance gives blood its red color? Hemoglobin Which science deals with the origin, history and meaning of words? Etymology Which generation did Douglas Coupland portray in his 1991 novel? Generation X Which duo sang "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" in 1965? The Righteous Brothers Which bird has the largest wing span? The (wandering) albatross Bill Clinton was governor of which U.S. state before becoming president? Arkansas How is the number 1,500 written in Roman numerals? MD In swimming, how many strokes are there in an Individual Medley? Four Which country launched MIR space station in 1986? Soviet Union How many points does the Jewish Star of David have? Six In which city did the TV series "Frasier" take place? Seattle What is a column or monument made of a single block of stone? Monolith Which male entertainment group, originally Los Angeles, is known for its striptease routine? The Chippendales Which copmany was co-founded in 1975 by Paul Allen? Microsoft What is celebrated on the 8th of March throughout the world? International Women's Day Causing fistfights in toy stores in the 1980s, which must have dolls came with their own adoption papers? Cabbage Patch Kids Who won the 2000 Oscar for Best Actor in "American Beauty"? Kevin Spacey Which exclusive dish meaning "fat liver" in French is prepared from duck or goose liver? Foie Gras Which ocean lies between Africa, Asia, Australia and the Antarctic? Indian Ocean Which Italian explorer gave his name to America? Amerigo Vespucci Who has, on average, more hair on their head: blondes, brunettes, or red	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,262	Which US city is home to the football team 'The Browns'?	Cleveland Browns Team Page at NFL.com Regular Season: No Stats Available Postseason: No Stats Available Experience: No Stats Available Career record: No Stats Available Hue Jackson was named the 16th full-time head coach in Cleveland Browns history by Owners Dee and Jimmy Haslam on January 13, 2016. He brings 29 years of coaching experience, including the last 15 in the NFL. He has spent nine seasons coaching in the AFC North, during which time he helped his team advance to the postseason seven times. Jackson was head coach of the Oakland Raiders in 2011 and guided the team to an 8-8 record. He has also served as offensive coordinator in Washington (2003), Atlanta (2007), Oakland (2010) and Cincinnati (2014-15). Jackson has spent the past four seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals. During that time, he helped the Bengals to two division titles and a trip to the postseason all four years. In 2012, he served as secondary/assistant special teams coach before coaching the running backs in 2013. Jackson spent the past two seasons (2014-15) as offensive coordinator. With Jackson as coordinator in 2015, the Bengals offense finished third in the AFC in yards per play (5.7) and points per game (26.2). He was voted by the Professional Football Writers of America (PFWA) as the Co-Assistant Coach of the Year as quarterback Andy Dalton set a career high and franchise record with a 106.3 rating, which led the AFC and was second in the NFL. After losing Dalton to injury in Week 14, Jackson guided quarterback A.J. McCarron to a 2-1 record in the final three games of the season as the Bengals clinched the AFC North title. The Cincinnati running game produced two 700-yard rushers in Jeremy Hill (794) and Giovani Bernard (730) for the first time since 1988. Tight end Tyler Eifert experienced a breakout season after hauling in 13 touchdown receptions, the most by a Bengals tight end in franchise history and the most by a Cincinnati player since 2001. Wide receiver A.J. Green added 10 receiving touchdowns on 86 receptions for 1,297 yards. Eifert, Green and left tackle Andrew Whitworth were selected to the Pro Bowl. In Jackson’s first year as offensive coordinator for Cincinnati in 2014, the run game posted its highest yards per game average (134.1) since 2000. Dalton passed for 3,398 yards and Green totaled 1,041 receiving yards. Hill led all NFL rookies with 1,124 rushing yards, the second-most by a Bengals rookie in team history. After spending the 2010 season as the Raiders offensive coordinator, Jackson was promoted to head coach in 2011. Oakland finished the year 8-8 and tied for first in the AFC West but missed the postseason via tiebreaker. The 8-8 mark was the best record by any Raiders team since 2002. The Raiders finished ninth in the NFL in total offense (379.5 yards per game) and seventh in rushing offense (131.9). Before joining the Raiders, Jackson spent two seasons (2008-09) as quarterbacks coach for Baltimore, helping the Ravens advance to the playoffs both years. He was vital in the development of Joe Flacco, who was named NFL Rookie of the Year in 2008 and became the first rookie quarterback to win two playoff games as the Ravens advanced to the AFC Championship game. From 2004-06, Jackson served as the Bengals wide receivers coach, helping develop one of the best wide receiver tandems in NFL history with Chad Johnson and T.J. Houshmandzadeh. During that span, the two combined to average 173.3 catches, 2,363.3 receiving yards and 15 touchdowns per season. In 2005, Johnson led the AFC with 1,432 receiving yards. In 2006, Johnson and Houshmandzadeh became the first Bengals duo to each top 1,000 receiving yards in the same season. Jackson gained his first fulltime NFL experience with Washington, where he served as the running backs coach from 2001-02, before being promoted to offensive coordinator in 2003. Under Jackson’s tutelage, running back Stephen Davis led the NFC with 1,432 rushing yards in 2001. Jackson spent 14 years coaching on the college level, going from a graduate assistant at Pacific all the way to offensive coor	Super Squad Jeopardy 2 Jeopardy Template What group sang "Runaway Train" 100 What's the team name of the baseball team that plays in Miami, FL? 100 What is "Barbie's" full name? 100 Which state's nickname is The "Pine Tree State?" 100 "Wojo", "Yemana", "Fish" and "Levitt" were the names of characters from this sitcom? 200 What artist sang the song "Bette Davis Eyes" 200 The Pittsburgh Pirates belong to which league and which division? 200 A unit of time for 1/100th of a second is often referred as? 200 Dover is the Capital of which state? 200 James Buchanan High School In the sitcom Welcome back Kotter what was the name of the high school that Mr. Kotter taught at? 300 What group sang "Black hole Sun" 300 Rogers Centre is home to which MLB team? 300 In the Cosby Show Sitcom...what was Venessa's finance's first name? 400 What artist sang "Rock the cradle of love" 400 17-0 and Don Shula In 1972, the Miami Dolphins captured a perfect record season..how many games did they win and who was the head coach at the time? 400 The Speaker of the House In England, which member of Parliament/House of Commons is not allowed to speak? 400 "Just Do It" What famous 3-word ad line of an apparel company was coined by Dan Wieden who got it from the final words of executed murderer Gary Gilmore? 400 The chair used by this character in what sitcom is currently in the Smithsonian? 500 Which group sang "Friday I'm in Love" 500 Ten players: a goalkeeper, three defensemen, three midfielders and three attackmen. How many players make up a team in Lacrosse? 500 10 inches of snow melts down to about an inch of liquid rain. On the average, one inch of rain is equivalent to how many inches of snow? 500 Cuba and North Korea In June 2012, Coca-Cola announced plans to commence operations in Burma/Myanmar after a gap of 60 years leaving what two countries as the only places where it does not do business? 500 Leland University In the sitcom Family Ties what University does Alex attend be fore taking a job on Wall Street?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,263	What product, invented by accountant Walter Diemer in 1928, was and remains conventionally pink, (it is said) because pink was the only dye available to its inventor at the time?	onbeyondholcombe \| Companies Using Proprietary Battleship Revenues \| Page 2 Companies Using Proprietary Battleship Revenues Menu W. W. Gavitt Medical Co., Manufacturer W. W. GAVITT MEDICAL CO. CANCELS Hard as this writer tries to anchor this particular alphabetical perusal of battleship revenue cancels to those most commonly seen and available to potential collectors, he is forever beguiled and distracted by stories of companies that illuminate particular and distinct features of the patent medicine business. The W. W. Gavitt Medical Co. stands apart from other patent medicine manufacturers because it marketed its product, Gavitt’s System Regulator, directly to the public through regional retail sales representatives. One did not buy Gavitt’s System Regulator from a drugstore or even a modern department store; one bought it from one’s neighbor. Each Gavitt salesperson communicated directly with Gavitt headquarters in Topeka, Kansas on a periodic basis requesting shipments of the Regulator and remitting payment for orders sold. What philatelists commonly see now of Gavitt material are the envelopes transmitting all this correspondence. Apparently bundled and warehoused for decades by the company as its transaction records, these envelopes and their accompanying forms were dispersed publicly when the company was dissolved. Several Gavitt covers appear for sale on eBay weekly. While revenue cancel collectors cautiously eye such drab, uniform envelopes as collateral material to the cancels themselves, these covers used to quicken the pulse of that sector of cover collectors who meticulously collected post office cancels by states or regions, one obscure discontinued rural post office at a time. Since stamp collecting has fallen from grace as a past time for our youth, how many such collectors remain now is hard to gauge, but at one time this form of cover collecting was so popular that dealers often arrange their cover stock by location to appeal to such marauding collectors. GAVITT REPORTS FROM RURAL POST OFFICES BOLEY, I. T. ZEANDALE, KS GAVITT COVERS RETAILED IN BUNCHES ***** The Gavitt company was an American enterprise. Its founder, William Wellington Gavitt, was born in 1840 near Ashley, in Delaware County, Ohio, which lies north of Columbus in the center of the state. His father, Ezekiel, was a well-known Methodist minister in that region of Ohio for many years during the mid 1800s, and there appear to be other Gavitt names interspersed among the prominent ministers of Ohio. As listed later in the records of the Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution, his grandfather, William, born in Westerly, Rhode Island, was a privateer on the brig “Favorite” and a sailor on the sloop “Randolph” and the schooner “De Grass” during the Revolutionary War. GAVITT COUPONS In 1862, W. W. Gavitt graduated Wesleyan University. By 1867, he had imbibed the philosophy of Manifest Destiny and anticipated Horace Greeley’s 1871 advice to “go west.” He settled in Topeka, KS and began to build the town around himself. He dived into the local real estate and banking industries, married a woman from Indiana in 1873, and in the 1880 Census listed himself as a banker. Over time, he became a founding investor in the regional coal company, a creamery, the electric utility company and the local opera house. In 1882, he and a partner erected a prominent office building block in downtown Topeka. GAVITT COVER SHOWING GAVITT OFFICE BLOCK Gavitt apparently entered the patent medicine business as the mid-western agent and supplier for the Dr. Perkins Medical Co. of Washington, D.C. which manufactured a remedy called Our Native Herbs, an elixir of 21 different herbs. When Dr. Perkins sold his business to Alonzo O. Bliss, around 1892, Gavitt sent a letter to the sales representatives for the Perkins Co. offering them his own System Regulator instead. Whether these agents jumped to Gavitt in droves or stayed with Bliss (which remained in business and also used battleship revenues, as a future article will	The Minder Songs The Minder Songs I Could Be So Good For You - Dennis Waterman & The Dennis Waterman Band (1979) The series itself had its own distinctive theme tune, written by Patricia Waterman and Gerard Kenny. The single "I Could Be So Good For You" / "Nothing At All" (EMI5009) reached number 4 in the UK charts. On 6th November 1980, Dennis also appeared on the British Music show "Top Of The Pops" (with his band) to perform the song. The group also re-appeared on the show a week later. Although Dennis left the series in 1989 the theme song remained for the Ray Daley Years featuring Gary Webster, though only in an upbeat "music only" version, this time only credited to Kenny. I Could Also Be So Good For You Click here to download the later, more upbeat version of I Could Be So Good For You MP3 format - by clicking this link you are agreeing to the DISCLAIMER below. Interestingly, the official sheet music score is also available in pink! The strange choice of colours continues - as well as its release in Great Britain, the song was released in Ireland with this very fetching green EMI sleeve! The first episode of Top Of The Pops featuring Dennis and his band performing this song also features Motorhead performing "Ace Of Spades". What Are We Gonna Get 'Er Indoors? - Dennis Waterman & George Cole (1983) In 1983, Dennis Waterman & George Cole collaborated on the "What Are We Gonna Get 'Er Indoors?" / "Quids And Quavers" (EMIMIN 101) Christmas single. On both sides of the record, both play the respective roles of their Minder characters, Terry McCann and Arthur Daley. The record reached number 21, and spent a total of 5 weeks on the UK pop chart. The record featured a very catchy chorus line, that included many dialogues heard in the TV series. The pair performed the song on the UK music show "Top Of The Pops" on 22nd December, 1983. Click here to download What Are We Gonna Get 'Er Indoors? MP3 (3.4 Mb) - by clicking this link you are agreeing to the DISCLAIMER below If Arthur and Terry were really struggling to find something to get 'Er Indoors, perhaps they could have tried the promotional beer mat that accompanied the release of the single (shown here on the right). The B-Side "Quids and Quavers" sees Terry singing and playing the guitar. He has written a song for his new girlfriend Marjorie, who Arthur is shocked to find out is a police woman. This tracks contains more dialogue between Arthur & Terry, as Arthur discusses the idea of Terry becoming a professional performer! Both songs were written by George Cole and Dennis Waterman. Click here to download the B-side Quids & Quavers MP3 (mono) format (4.5 Mb) - by clicking this link you are agreeing to the DISCLAIMER below Arthur Daley E's Alright - The Firm (1982) 1982 saw the release of a single by THE FIRM entitled "Arthur Daley 'e's alright" (HID 1). This song is based on the series and is made up of its most commonly used expressions. These include "Or'ight my son", "Leave it Out", "Do Wor?", "Asit 'appens"and many others. The picture of Arthur shown above appears on the picture sleeve of the single. A truly classic record for all those who love the Minder dialect. Incidentally, the B side of this record contains an even more amusing posh version! Slightly better than "Star Trekkin", Arthur Daley E's Alright was performed on the UK music show "Top Of The Pops" on 29th July, 1982. Click here to download The Firm Arthur Daley E's Alright MP3 (mono) format. - by clicking this link you are agreeing to the DISCLAIMER below "Arthur Daley, a little dodgy maybe, but underneath..." "You know what Chisolm said? He said I'll know how Arthur Daley will die, he'll fall off the back of a lorry..." Night Moves - F McDonald Big thanks to Minder fan and hip hop/funk fan w0nt0n for this one - listen to it carefully, you'll find it in the Series 1 episode - "The Bounty Hunter" as Terry is going to meet Fenton for one last time. This instrumental is a very Very groovy tune. The song is also featured in an episode of Bergerac from 1981 called "Unlucky Dip", tha	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,264	What is the name of the puzzle that uses a 9x9 square grid divided into nine 3x3 grids, the object is to have all the numbers from 1 to 9 appear in each row, column and 3x3 grid?	Cross+A :: Puzzles Cross+A Cross+A Puzzles Cross+A can solve and generate many kinds of logic puzzles. The created puzzle can be saved as a graphic file (Windows Bitmap, Windows Metafile, EPS, GIF, JPEG, PNG, PDF, SVG and CorelDRAW formats are supported). Also the batch creating of puzzles is available. Logic Puzzles Pipelink Kakuro (also known as "Cross Sums", "Kakro") is a logic puzzle, a mathematical equivalent of crosswords. The puzzle consists of a playing area of filled and empty cells similar to a crossword puzzle. Some black cells contain a diagonal slash from top left to bottom right with numbers in them, called "the clues". A number in the top right corner relates to an "across" clue and one in the bottom left a "down" clue. The object of a kakuro is to insert digits from 1 to 9 into the white cells to total the clue associated with it. However no digit can be duplicated in an entry. For example the total 6 you could have 1 and 5, 2 and 4 but not 3 and 3. Hitori (from Japanese "Hitori ni shite kure"; literally "let me alone") is played on a grid of squares. At the beginning, each cell contains a number. The goal is to paint out some cells so that there are no duplicate numbers in any row or column, similar to the solved state of a Sudoku puzzle (except with black squares added to the grid). Orthogonal connections are important as well; painted-out (black) cells cannot be connected orthogonally, and the other cells must be connected orthogonally in a single group (i.e. no two black squares can be adjacent to each other, and all un-painted squares must be connected, horizontally or vertically, to create a single shape). Slitherlink (also known as "Fences", "Loop the Loop", "Dotty Dilemma", "Sli-Lin", "Great Wall of China") is a logic puzzle. It was invented by Nikoli Puzzles in Japan. Slitherlink is played on a rectangular lattice of dots. Some of the squares formed by the dots have numbers inside them. The objective is to connect horizontally and vertically adjacent dots so that the lines form a single loop with no loose ends. In addition, the number inside a square represents how many of its four sides are segments in the loop. Link-a-Pix (also known as "Paint by Pairs") consists of a grid, with numbers filling some squares; pairs of numbers must be located correctly and connected with a line filling a total of squares equal to that number. Squares containing '1' represent paths that are 1-square long. Paths may follow any horizontal or vertical direction. Paths are not allowed to cross other paths. There is only one unique way to link all the squares in a properly-constructed puzzle. When completed, the squares that have lines are filled; the contrast with the blank squares reveals the picture. Fill-a-Pix (also known as "Mosaik", "Japanese Mosaic", "Nurie Puzzle", "Nampre Puzzle") consists of a grid with number clues scattered in various places. Each number shows how many of the nine squares - the one with the number plus the eight around it - should be filled in. It is necessary to determine which squares are filled in and which should remain empty until the hidden picture is completely exposed. Battleships (also known as "Solitaire Battleships", "Battleship Solitaire") is a logic puzzle based on the Battleships guessing game. In a square grid of 10 x 10 small squares, an armada of battleships is located. There is one battleship of 4 squares, two cruisers of 3 squares, three destroyers of 2 squares, and four submarines of 1 square. Each ship occupies a number of contiguous squares on the grid, arranged either horizontally or vertically. The boats are placed so that no boat touches any other boat, not even diagonally. The numbers on the bottom and on the right of the grid show how many squares in the corresponding rows and columns are occupied by ships. Occasionally some squares may contain given ship or water segments as hints to help start the puzzle. The object is to discover where all ships are located. Hashiwokakero (from Japanese "Hashi o kakero"; literally "build bridges"; also known as "Hashi", "Bridge	Blockbusters - UKGameshows Blockbusters Simon Mattocks (2012) Broadcast Central in association with Talbot Television and Goodson-Todman Productions for ITV, 29 August 1983 to 19 May 1993 (1160 episodes in 10 series) Central in association with Mark Goodson Productions and Talbot Television for Sky One, 18 April 1994 to 17 February 1995 (180 episodes in 1 series) (but see Regional broadcast details below) Fremantle for BBC2, 31 March to 28 August 1997 (60 episodes in 1 series) Grundy for Sky One, 30 October 2000 to 23 March 2001 (100 episodes in 1 series) ITV Productions and TalkbackThames for ITV1, 14 April 2007 ( Gameshow Marathon one-off) Thames for Challenge, 14 May to 3 August 2012 (41 episodes in 1 series) Synopsis First letter first The UK version of this original American show consisted of twenty lettered hexagons. If a contestant nominated a particular space (say, W), host Bob Holness would read out a question in the format "What W is the most north-westerly state in mainland USA?" Master of ceremonies, Bob Holness Buzzing in and answering the question correctly meant that space would be turned your colour. One player had the white spaces, and a team of two players had blue. The idea of the game was to fill in as many spaces as necessary so that a contiguous line of your colour went across the board horizontally (for the blue team) or vertically (for the white player, who could make the journey in one less space than the blues to compensate for their single-ness). The 'two against one' concept proved rather contentious, with many viewers being of the opinion that the double team had an unfair advantage (even if they did have to answer more questions correctly to win), but the format was clearly such a winning one that the whole issue never really mattered that much and it certainly didn't affect the show's popularity or reputation. In any case, there were certainly plenty of single player-victories over all the series. Getting a question correct also allowed you to choose the next letter. As you can see from the diagram, the single player had a shorter route than the pair of blue players. The board is constructed in such a way that ties weren't possible, although a frequent occurrence was the "mutual space" whereby both sides needed the same one space in order to complete their line across the board. On the run The side who won the best of three matches went on to play the Gold Run. In this game, the participant (either the white player, or a nominated player from the blue team) had to work their way across the board from left to right within 60 seconds (or "within that magic minute", as Bob often put it). The hexagons had letter combinations such as "MTOC" and the contestants had to guess what these stood for using clues given by the host. e.g. "Famous humanitarian from India" would be "Mother Theresa of Calcutta". Regardless of whether the player won the Gold Run or not, the champion(s) went on to play another team or single player. Winning successive matches earned a chance at further Gold Runs with increasingly impressive prizes. A fourth Gold Run tended to be a holiday break somewhere in Europe, while winning the fifth and final Gold Run led to an excellent adventure holiday somewhere in the world. A failed Gold Run meant that the contestant(s) would get £10 for every correct answer. Correct answers during the main game were worth £5. Oh, and during the main game, there was always the chance that a letter chosen would emit a special noise, indicating that the contestant who got it right would win a prize for his/her school. This was usually something along the lines of a computer or science or sports equipment. Although a fair number of contestants achieved this, very few actually won more than one school-prize. In the later series of the ITV version of Blockbusters they made an effort to cut costs, err... we mean, of course, get through more contestants by limiting players to three rounds only. In fact, one UKGS correspondent reports that when he was a contestant in 1989, he was told that the reason they c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,265	"Prokofiev's ""Dance of the Knights"" is used as the opening theme music for which reality TV show?"	The Apprentice music? - TV Shows: UK - Digital Spy Forums The Apprentice music? Posts: 181 The Apprentice music? Does anyone know the name of that bit of classical music they often use on the Apprentice, especially at the start? I don't watch it every week, so it might be on in every show. It's quite famous. I've heard it tons of times elsewhere. It's very dramatic. Please sign in or register to remove this advertisement. 23-03-2006, 22:37 Quote: Originally Posted by RossJ Does anyone know the name of that bit of classical music they often use on the Apprentice, especially at the start? I don't watch it every week, so it might be on in every show. It's quite famous. I've heard it tons of times elsewhere. It's very dramatic. This information was posted by novice in this week's main "Apprentice" thread and should hopefully answer your questions. That's the one. Ta very much. Join Date: Sep 2005 Posts: 17,496 The music used in the run up to the boardroom is ultra dramatic and ratchets up the tension enormously. You have to hand it to them for that part of the show. It is superb. Posts: 1 The Apprentice Music Does anyone know the piece of classical violin music they often play during each episode, usually when the cameras panning over the skyscrapers! I dont mean the opening music or the piano pieces. Quote: Originally Posted by chris sussex Does anyone know the piece of classical violin music they often play during each episode, usually when the cameras panning over the skyscrapers! I dont mean the opening music or the piano pieces. This was originally posted by a fellow forum member; Quote: Originally Posted by novice Well the UK opening theme is Dance of the Knights from Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, with the Boardroom music provided by UK artist Dru Masters. I hope that answers your question.	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,266	Which fashion designer, girlfriend of Mick Jagger, committed suicide in New York earlier this year?	Designer L'Wren Scott, Mick Jagger's girlfriend, found dead - CNN.com L'Wren Scott, noted fashion designer, found dead Scott was Mick Jagger's longtime girlfriend The former model introduced a Banana Republic line last year (CNN) -- L'Wren Scott, a noted fashion designer who has been Mick Jagger's companion for more than a decade, was found dead in her New York apartment Monday of an apparent suicide, according to a law enforcement official familiar with the investigation. She was 49. Scott's assistant found the designer hanging from a door knob with a scarf around her neck, the official said. There were no signs of forced entry, and police did not find a suicide note, the official said. Click through to see people who died in 2014. Edward Herrmann, the versatile, honey-voiced actor whose roles included patricians and politicians such as "Gilmore Girls" father Richard Gilmore, "The Practice" law professor Anderson Pearson and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, died on Wednesday, December 31. He was 71. Luise Rainer, who won back-to-back Oscars in the 1930s for "The Great Ziegfeld" and "The Good Earth," has died at the age of 104, her daughter reported on Tuesday, December 30. Christine Cavanaugh, who lent her distinctive voice to the title pig in "Babe," Chuckie Finster on "Rugrats" and Dexter of "Dexter's Laboratory," died December 22. She was 51. British rocker Joe Cocker died December 22 after a battle with lung cancer, Sony Music said in a statement. He was 70. Norman Bridwell, the creator of "Clifford the Big Red Dog," died December 12 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, according to his publisher, Scholastic. Bridwell was 86. Legendary photographer Michel du Cille, a 26-year veteran of The Washington Post, died December 11 while on assignment in Liberia. The Post said du Cille, 58, collapsed "during a strenuous hike on the way back from a village" affected by the African country's Ebola outbreak. Mary Ann Mobley, the first Miss America from Mississippi who turned that achievement into a movie career, died December 10 after battling breast cancer. She was 77. Ken Weatherwax, who played Pugsley on the 1960s TV show "The Addams Family," died December 7, according to the Ventura County Coroner's Office. He was 59. Ian McLagan, a fun-loving keyboardist who played on records by such artists as the Rolling Stones, Lucinda Williams, Bruce Springsteen and his own bands -- the Small Faces and its successor, the Faces -- died December 3, according to a statement from his record label, Yep Roc Records. He was 69. American saxophonist Bobby Keys, who for years toured and recorded with the Rolling Stones, died on December 2. "The Rolling Stones are devastated by the loss of their very dear friend and legendary saxophone player, Bobby Keys," the band said on Twitter. To the world, he was known as "Chespirito." Roberto Gomez Bolanos gained fame as a comedian, but he was also a writer, actor, screenwriter, songwriter, film director and TV producer. The legendary entertainer died November 28 at the age of 85. British crime novelist P.D. James died November 27 at her home in Oxford, England. She was 94. Lebanese singer and actress Sabah, one of the Arab world's most prolific entertainers with a career spanning more than six decades, died November 26, in Beirut, Lebanon's state-run National News Agency reported. She was 87. Former Washington Mayor Marion Barry is dead at the age of 78, a hospital spokeswoman said on November 23. Barry was elected four times as the city's chief executive. He was once revered nationally as a symbol of African-American political leadership. But his professional accomplishments were often overshadowed by drug and personal scandals. Acclaimed film director Mike Nichols died on November 19. Nichols, pictured here with his wife, journalist Diane Sawyer, was best known for his films "The Graduate," "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" and "The Birdcage." He was 83. Jimmy Ruffin, silky-voiced singer of the Motown classic "What Becomes of the Brokenhearted," died November 19 in Las Vegas. He was 78. 'Knight Rider"	How many MORE lovers did 'suicide' police chief have? \| Daily Mail Online How many MORE lovers did 'suicide' police chief have? By PAUL BRACCHI and NICK CRAVEN Last updated at 13:12 15 March 2008 The widow of Greater Manchester police chief Michael Todd returned to the family home yesterday for the first time since his body was found on Mount Snowdon on Tuesday. Meanwhile, Todd's private life is to be investigated in order to make sure it had no impact on his professional performance. Greater Manchester Police have asked that colleagues from the West Midlands look into Mr Todd's personal life to ensure it had no impact on his duties as chief constable, it was announced today. A statement from Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary said that North Wales Police were investigating the circumstances surrounding Mr Todd's apparent suicide, but West Midlands Police had been called in following the revelations about his personal conduct. It read: "An independent rigorous inquiry into the circumstances surrounding Michael Todd's tragic death is currently being handled on behalf of the coroner by North Wales Police. HM Inspectorate are in liaison with that constabulary and are monitoring developments closely. "Given the circumstances, an examination of the circumstances will take place to ensure that nothing in the conduct of Mr Todd's personal life had adversely impacted on the professional discharge of his duties as chief constable." A Manchester police source revealed the decision to investigate Mr Todd's private life had been taken to ensure that everything was done above board. The source said: "We decided to say, 'Let's do this properly, and lets make sure everything is being done properly'." It recently emerged Mr Todd had sent "absolutely devastating" text messages to his mistress Angie Robinson and an unnamed policewoman shortly before he went missing. It is understood the search for the father-of-three was launched after they raised the alarm. He was found on the mountain with a bottle of gin. It is not clear whether he committed suicide or was drunk and stumbled during a storm. A senior police source said: "It appears Mr Todd sent just two texts from Snowdon - one to Angie Robinson and one to a female officer in the Met. "The content of these texts has been described to me as 'absolutely devastating' and was distressing enough to lead both recipients to immediately telephone Greater Manchester Police." Mr Todd's wife Carolyn, 47, was informed last Thursday that her husband - who has been linked to a number of women - was having an affair with 50-year-old Mrs Robinson, chief executive of the Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce. Here, a Mail investigation unravels Mr Todd's complicated private life. Loving tribute: Mr Todd's widow Carolyn, yesterday There would seem to have been no more fitting tribute to Michael Todd than the photograph which appeared in his local paper this week. It showed him surrounded by his colleagues, many of them from the rank and file, and was accompanied by the headline: "Chief constable who led from the front". He was, to use that old cliche, the "Copper's Copper", and never more so, his many admirers would argue, than on the occasion of this picture. It was taken in 2004. Mr Todd had just successfully lobbied the Government for extra funds to put more bobbies on the beat in Manchester. Now, for the first time, the manpower of his force had reached 8,000 (the following year, burglaries were down 41 per cent, robberies by 32 per cent, and car crime by a quarter). Among those taking part in the lineup to publicise the successful recruitment drive was the '8,000th' officer to join the force. Mr Todd is seen standing beside Laura Nagulapalli, warmly shaking her hand. "From this moment on you will be training to perform a crucial role, fighting crime and protecting people," he told her. It didn't turn out quite that way. Less than six months on, Laura Nagulapalli was arrested and subsequently convicted of fraud. Shortly before joining the police, it emerged, she had obtained more than	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,267	The book 'Red Bones' by Anne Cleeves was dramatised by the BBC, on which islands is it set?	Ann Cleeves: Red Bones, the third book in the Shetland Quartet Contact Red Bones , the third instalment of Ann Cleeves' Shetland Quartet, is set in spring: a time of rebirth and celebration. And a time of death... for April is the cruelest month. Perhaps that's why was chosen as the basis for Shetland , a new two-part crime drama set in Scotland and starring Douglas Henshall. A special Shetland preview on November 21st was well received by the local audience, and Ann Cleeves gave it her approval too: "It's great," she said. "It's not faithful to the book but it's faithful to the atmosphere and spirit of the book. It's important that it's a good piece of TV rather than stick rigidly to the book." The transmission date has not yet been announced, but is expected to be some time in January. When a young archaeologist discovers a set of human remains, the island community is intrigued. Is it an ancient find - or a more contemporary mystery? Then an elderly woman is shot on her land in a tragic accident, and Jimmy Perez is called in by her grandson, his own colleague Sandy Wilson. He finds two feuding families whose envy, greed and bitterness has divided the surrounding community. With Fran in London, and surrounded by people he doesn't know and a community he has no links with, Jimmy finds himself out of his depth. Then another woman dies, and as the spring weather shrouds the island in claustrophobic mists, the two deaths remain shrouded in mystery. Red Bones was long-listed for the Impac Dublin Award . Red Bones was first published in the UK in February 2009; the paperback edition followed in February 2010, and the TV tie-in edition in November 2012. Use the links to order a copy from Amazon.UK, or order from any bookshop, quoting the ISBN: Charnwood Large Print edition (published in September 2009). Now also available as a Kindle eBook . Red Bones is also available as an ISIS Soundings audio book read by Gordon Griffin; order it direct from the publisher in a choice of audio formats. The US edition of Red Bones was published by Minotaur Books on September 1, 2009; order it from Borders.com or from BN.com , or place an order with your local bookstore, quoting the ISBN: 978-0-3123-8434-0. It is also available from the publisher in a choice of eBook formats , and in a Kindle edition . Read a Radio Scotland feature about Ann Cleeves and Shetland, or listen to the audio version . Find the locations described in Red Bones Kirkus Review said "Cleeves is expert at depicting hardscrabble island life, parental expectations and disappointments and emotionally charged silences. Thoughtful readers should give Perez a try." "Ann Cleeves' fellow crime fiction practitioners (from Colin Dexter to Peter Robinson) have been lining up to sing her praises, and it's unlikely that there will be any blip in that chorus of praise on the evidence of Red Bones , which is quite as assured and entertaining as its predecessors,." Barry Forshaw "Cleeves is quietly carving out a reputation as the new Queen of Crime, and this chilling thriller should help her on her way." Sunday Mirror "Cleeves is a master of the stunning twist... She's also an expert stylist of deceptively spare prose and a creator of entirely realistic characters; this time out, she focuses on Sandy Wilson, thought to be dim and immature but who, under Perez's guidance, becomes one of her most intriguing creations. "Permeated with place - Cleeves makes the Shetlands vivid in the reader's mind - and filled with a moral sensibility, Red Bones stands as a cautionary tale against letting the past fester into a lethal infection of the soul." "Like a smoky Shetland peat fire, this elegantly written, slow-burning intrigue shrouds you in mystery and crackles with inner heat." Peter James " Red Bones gives us plenty to chew on; an intricate plot, quirky characters and that special Shetland atmosphere, at once eerie and beautiful, that Ann Cleeves is making her own. Let's hope she keeps on going through all the colours of the northern lights!" Reginald Hill	Treasure Island Analysis - eNotes.com Treasure Island Analysis link Link Admiral Benbow Inn Admiral Benbow Inn. Public inn owned by Jim Hawkins’s parents near Black Hill Cove, an isolated and sheltered bay on Devon’s north coast, along the road to Bristol, that is an ideal place for smugglers to come ashore. Tucked between somber hills and the rocky cove, up whose cliffs the surf roars during storms, the inn is remote from even the nearest hamlet, Kitt’s Hole, and conveys an atmosphere of unrelieved loneliness and foreboding. The novel opens with a menacing figure appearing at the inn and demanding a room. Later unmasked as the pirate captain Billy Bones, he long overstays his welcome and so tyrannizes the inn that other guests leave, and Jim’s father weakens and dies an early death. Having chosen the Benbow Inn because of its isolation, Bones lives in daily fear of being discovered by fellow pirates; after they finally appear, he dies of apoplexy, and Jim and his mother flee the inn before the other pirates return—but not before they open his seachest and find a map of Treasure Island. Despite the fear Jim experiences at the inn, he later dreams of returning there while he is experiencing even worse dangers on Treasure Island. Admiral Benbow Inn is aptly named after a late seventeenth century English admiral, John Benbow, who won renown for fighting pirates in the West Indies and for his heroic death in action against the French after the captains serving under him mutinied. Bristol Bristol. Busy port city in southwestern England where the expedition of the Hispaniola begins and ends. Bristol is also the home of the crafty one-legged pirate Long John Silver, who signs on for the voyage as ship’s cook. Silver owns a tavern in Bristol called the Spy-glass. While waiting for the Hispaniola to sail, he befriends Jim, accompanies him around Bristol’s docks and teaches him about ships and the sea. To Jim, Bristol is an exciting portal to the world outside, and he says though he “had lived by the shore all my life, I seemed never to have been near the sea till then.” Hispaniola Hispaniola. Ship on which Jim and his companions sail from England to Treasure Island and back. Apart from the fact that the Hispaniola is a sturdy two-hundred-ton schooner that sails well and initially has a crew of about twenty men, Stevenson describes little about the ship and even less about its voyages across the Atlantic, thereby avoiding details of navigation with which he was not familiar. Nevertheless, he makes the ship the setting for several of the novel’s most thrilling moments. Even before its voyage begins, the captain expresses concern about the trustworthiness of the crew—which has been assembled by Squire Trelawney—so Jim’s companions “garrison” the after part of the ship in case trouble develops. A key moment at sea occurs when Jim innocently climbs inside a large apple barrel on deck and overhears the crew plotting mutiny. The mutiny itself occurs ashore, after the ship anchors off Treasure Island, and the mutineers seize the ship only after the captain’s party go ashore to hole up in an old stockade. From that point, the ship becomes a kind of albatross; it is almost useless to the mutineers, who cannot navigate it, and is of limited use to the captain’s party because of their small numbers. The latter choose to take their chances ashore, confident that a relief ship will eventually find them. Meanwhile, the mutineers plunder the ship’s stores, get drunk, and fight among themselves. Their recklessness later allows Jim to retake the ship single-handedly and even work it around to the opposite side of the island, where he beaches it and kills a mutineer in a desperate fight in the ship’s rigging. Treasure Island Treasure Island. Small, uninhabited island, located in or near the West Indies—the classic center of pirate activity. The novel’s plot is driven by a map of the island revealing where a pirate named Captain Flint buried the fabulous treasure that Jim and his companions cross the Atlantic to find. Indeed, Stevenson created the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,268	How many wheels were there on each hansom cab, the horse-drawn taxis that used to operate in London in Victorian times?	H3975 Horse-drawn vehicle, full size, hansom cab, brougham-type, and fares plate, wood / metal / leather / fabric, made in Sydney, 1880-1915, used by Mr J. Connor in Sydney until 1937 - Powerhouse Museum Collection History Notes include facts about what has happened to an object since manufacture. This could include who owned it and how it was used (provenance). It may also describe any cultural meanings with which it may have become associated. History notes In their heyday in the late nineteenth century, Sydney's hansom cabs made up over half of the city's licensed street vehicles. In 1895 Sydney had 2,180 licensed vehicles, 1,215 of which were hansom cabs. G.V. Portus provides a lively description of the vehicles in Sydney during the 1880s: "Hansom cabs did not impress me so much. They were gloomy looking things of black or dark blue, while the buses [horse buses] were always painted a brilliant yellow. There was not much to see from inside a cab except the horse's tail and hind quarters. But I can remember how exciting it was when the cabs coming back from the races at Randwick used to race each other along Botany Street, especially if the hirers had backed a winner. Also I can remember the cabs on Sunday afternoons, with blinds down and the horse trotting decorously, on the way to Coogee or Maroubra bearing a freight of flirtatious couples. This was the nearest to Tail Light Avenue that Sydney got in those days, and even then there was always the driver for chaperon, sitting above his little world and with his passengers well under his eye through the spy-hole in the roof." Sydney cabs were independently owned by their drivers. Many cabs had two drivers who alternated the day and night shifts. Cabs were regulated by the Metropolitan Transit Commissioners and fares were laid down by them in the 1890s at 1 shilling for 15 minutes at a speed of at least 6 mph (9.5 kph). Apparently the public objected to this "funeral" pace and cabs drove much faster. Licence fees cost one pound a year for the cab and 7/6d for the driver. However, the upfront cost of a "first class" turnout was 100 pounds and many drivers were virtually working for money lenders and financiers. The upkeep of a cab cost between 12 and 14 shillings a week and most cabs needed doing up every 3 months. Even in those times vandalism occurred with repairs to fittings and furnishings required such as replacing window blind tassels which had been cut off and replacing ruined carpets. As well as this the horse still needed to be fed, groomed and stabled. Many cab drivers began as horse bus drivers learning the routes prior to doing their cabbie's exam. Prospective cab drivers also needed a character endorsement form the Metropolitan Transit Commissioners. For the convenience of the public and to give the cab drivers a "fair go" Sydney cabs were allotted ranks and stands. A stand accommodated one to two cabs and was supplied from the nearest rank. The last stand was always visible from the rank and each stand was in sight of the next one. A licensed driver could take his turn on any rank, moving up to the head as the leading cab drove off to vacant stands. There were about 70 stands in the city and immediate suburbs, as well as 30 in outlying suburbs. The most profitable ranks were at the main railway terminus where up to 250 cabs an hour would be hired. Others were in St James Road and Macquarie Street north. In August 1908 the "Australasian Coachbuilder and Wheelwright" noted that in Sydney in 1888 "very few cabs were not of the old fashioned open type, but now the rubber-tyred brougham, light and easy running, with its closed doors and overhead connecting rods is the rule. It represents the highest point of cab evolution, but it looks as though it is the final challenge in its fight for the streets". Sydney's cabs began to gradually decline from the 1890s economic depression. They had competition from trams, the telephone, the bicycle, which was taken up by all classes and, from 1910, the motor taxi. This hansom cab was driven by its 73-year old owner Mr J. C	Horse racing: Lester Piggott, king of the Derby \| Sport \| The Guardian King of the Derby Clare Balding The great Lester Piggott was the best jockey in the world for decades. He rode his first winner aged 12, his first Derby at 18 and went on to win racing's most famous Classic nine times, a record that will surely never be beaten. Fifty years after that first Epsom success, Lester, famed for his wry sense of humour, a love of money that landed him in jail, his troubled relationships and his astute judgment of horses, talks about his long and eventful life in racing... but not in long sentences Saturday 29 May 2004 19.30 EDT First published on Saturday 29 May 2004 19.30 EDT Share on Messenger Close What is the key quality that a horse must possess if it is to win the Derby? Is it impeccable breeding, stamina, a calm temperament, an ability to quicken up in a matter of strides, the preparation of the trainer, the skill of the jockey or the quality of his form leading up to the race? All of these things matter, but, according to the man who has won more Derbys than anyone else, there is a one-word answer. Lester Piggott thinks, but not for long, before muttering: 'Balance.' A meeting with Lester in the run-up to the Derby is akin to being granted an audience with the Dalai Lama in an attempt to discover the meaning of life. The answer is often shorter than expected. In Lester's case (it is impossible to refer to him as Piggott, for he supersedes the surname epithet), the answer to the eternal conundrum is, and always will be, balance. 'It doesn't matter how big the horse is, you can tell if it's going to act around Epsom,' he says. But how do you know? Do you have to gallop them down a hill? Do you have to ride them in a race? Do you have to feel how they handle a left-hand bend? Do you? Do you? Lester looks mildly amused. The man with all the answers but neither the will nor the capability to explain. 'You just know,' he says. 'A lot of them you can tell just by looking.' Of course you can. Silly me. Lester is not big on words. Nor on giving an opinion, even though he is asked for one on everything from breeding to bread by everyone he meets. His partial deafness and the speech impediment that muffles his voice have contributed to his lack of ostentation although, in truth, his character would have impeded any effort at gregariousness. It suits him just fine not to be the greatest interviewee in the world; and Lester makes himself perfectly understandable when he wants to be understood. The reason that balance is so crucial to success in the Derby is the nature of the course. From the mile-and-a-half start, Epsom climbs to a height of 500 feet above sea level between the seven- furlong marker and the six, from where it sweeps violently downhill and left-handed into Tattenham Corner. Any horse struggling to maintain its pace or being asked to quicken feels as if its legs are being taken from underneath it. Over the next three furlongs, the course drops 90ft, but the gradient becomes more gradual with half a mile to run. As the horses enter the straight, the camber (the course slopes away from the Grandstand to the far rail) accentuates any tiring and any tendency to hang to the left. According to trainer David Elsworth, Epsom is no better than a funfair ride. For Lester, Epsom was a problem to be solved and no one in the history of racing has cracked it more often and with more assurance than L Piggott. The old sage will be 69 this year. He is alert, polite and reserved. It is 50 years since he first won the Derby on Never Say Die, the first of an unprecedented nine victories. His first Derby ride, in 1951 at the age of 15, was an inauspicious start. Lester was on board a talented but temperamental horse called Zucchero, who planted himself at the start and refused to go forward until the rest of the field were granted an unassailable advantage. What did the young jockey learn from his first experience of the Derby? 'Not to get left at the start.' Three years later, and having been suspended for six months for dangerous rid	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,269	What was the name of the Greenpeace ship, the former fishing trawler Sir William Hardy, that was sunk in Auckland harbor by French Secret Service agents to prevent it interfering with planned nuclear tests?	The Greenpeace Chronicles by Greenpeace International - issuu issuu chronicles the greenpeace 40 years of protecting the planet THE GREENPEACE CHRONICLES 40 Years of Protecting the Planet Written and edited by: Steve Erwood Contributors: Laura Kenyon, John Novis, Mike Townsley, Rex Weyler With special thanks to Bill Darnell Creative Direction/Design: Toby Cotton, ARC Communications Acknowledgements: There are many previous chroniclers of Greenpeace’s history whose accounts - like Rex Weyler’s - have informed and influenced this present work. These include Michael Brown and John May, authors of ‘The Greenpeace Story’; Fouad Hamdan and Conny Boettger, authors of ‘Greenpeace: Changing the World’; and Daniel Kramb, who compiled information during Greenpeace’s 40th anniversary year. Thanks are also due to Karen Gallagher, Karen Guy, Elaine Hill, Sara Holden and Alex Yallop Published in November 2011 by Greenpeace International Ottho Heldringstraat 5 1066 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Printed on 50% recycled, 50% FSC mixed-source paper using vegetable-based ink. For more information, contact: enquiries@greenpeace.org JN400 ISBN 978-90-73361-00-3 10s 00s 90s 80s 70s origins contents foreword 2 introduction 3 letâ€™s make it a green peace 6 the women who founded greenpeace 14 the warriors of the rainbow 18 the 70s 20 the 80s ten minutes to midnight, 10 july 1985 40 58 the 90s 84 david and goliath 100 the 00s 118 the 10s 162 the social network 166 40 years of photoactivism 40 years of inspiring action get involved 182 190 192 THE GREENPEACE chronicles 1 FOREWORD BY BILL DARNELL foreword Forty years of campaigns have taught many lessons. Fundamental is to pay respectful attention to everything that lives around us; make deep connections, even with those we disagree with. When we connect deeply, we fall in love and we will not allow others to be harmed. We have also learned that when we confront destructive activities, we are going to be scared; we know those we confront may be angry. Fear is an expected part of change but it does not stop us. Mistakes are also to be expected and we will make them: during the first voyage of Greenpeace, if we had not made the mistake of entering the USA ‘illegally’, we would not have received the heroic support of the coast guard crew of the United States vessel Confidence. (See the account of this on pages 12-13). It is my honour to write the foreword to The Greenpeace Chronicles, a record of the first 40 years of Greenpeace. Greenpeace has evolved from a small group of men and women in the port city of Vancouver on Canada’s Pacific coast to a planetary network of activists, working in concert with indigenous peoples and other activists. What remains common to the people of Greenpeace is a deep connection to creation and the shared thread of activism. From its very beginning, Greenpeace, backed by research, has taken direct action to confront the destruction of our sacred home. Greenpeace is the many, supported by the many, acting for all. image © Brenda Hala Photography 2 THE GREENPEACE chronicles Forty years of activism have taught us to work together and to trust each other. What really matters in the end are our relationship with all life on this planet. Finally, we have learned to celebrate these loving connections by having fun. Hard work ties us together, the fun celebrates the bonds. As Greenpeace sails into the next 40 years, I am filled with hope. The tasks ahead are daunting, but our gaze is global and our roots are with peoples in all continents. We will use our strength, intelligence and goodness to inspire people to organise. Greenpeace has been an inspiration for me for these 40 years. I trust Greenpeace will inspire both me and you for the next 40 years. Bill Darnell, Founding member of Greenpeace Canada, October 2011 introduction In 2009, Greenpeace mounted a major ship-based science expedition to the Arctic. It was a great opportunity to work with some of the world’s leading climate scientists and glaciologists, joining forces and expertise to highlight	Images of Dundee, Scotland 7 . . . towers viewed from Riverside Drive PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Edinburgh and Glasgow lines viewed from Tesco's Car Park New lamp - March 2005 PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Riverside Drive PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow A sight which is scheduled to disappear by 2009 with the demolition of Dundee City Council's Tayside House (left). Observation mast on Marine Parade (right). PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow The Frigate UNICORN, formerly HMS UNICORN which was the one time headquarters of Tay Division Royal Naval Reserve. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow UNICORN did not always boast a figurehead. It had to move berth before the Tay Road Bridge was built . The photograph above right, and the following two below show UNICORN being towed out. PHOTOs (left) Malcolm McCrow (right) Scott W Gault Changing places. PHOTOs Scott W Gault An RAF Whirlwind flies over HMS UNICORN as it is towed to its berth in Victoria Dock prior to the construction of the Tay Road Bridge - Photograph courtesy and ï¿½ D.C.Thomson & Co.,Ltd reproduced with kind permission Tanks . . . Flats . . . PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Victoria Dock, Apex Hotel and Tayside House (above). By 2010 the disused dockside cranes had been demolished PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Camperdown Dock City Quay, February 2006 - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Restoration work has begun on the roof of the Frigate UNICORN (left). City Quay, February 2006 (right) - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow NORTH CARR light vessel (left) and the Apex Hotel (right) - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow NORTH CARR and RRS DISCOVERY - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Foggy Day on the Tay Signs of the times Tay Bridge Fog Warning PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Abandoned Customs House City Quay and Apex Hotel PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Apex Hotel Apex Hotel and Tayside House Frigate UNICORN and harbour flats. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow NORTH CARR Lightship awaiting preservation - W R Stewart's hackleworks (left) awaiting redevelopment in 2006 - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow City Quay shops and Oasis Cafe PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow SEAWAY DISCOVERY support vessel - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Fife - nowhere to be seen PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Old school . . . new houses. Glebelands Primary School Camperdown Junction PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow The Changing Waterfront September 2007 RSS DISCOVERY (above left) in its dedicated berth at Dundee, contrasts with the Koninklijke Marine's L801 HNLMS JOHAN DE WITT (above right) which visited Dundee during the weekend of September 22-23, 2007. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow TSS DUNCAN, appropriately in Camperdown Street, (above left) is Dundee Sea Cadet Corps' Headquarters at Camperdown Dock. SCC Cadets sailing in Camperdown Dock (right) overshadowed by the mass of the Royal Netherlands Navy's JOHAN DE WITT berthed in the Tay. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Marine Parade with fashionable flats leading up to Victoria Dock. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Marine Parade - an old crane has been retained as a reminder, perhaps, to a once thriving dockside. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Not all the flats are new builds - the ones above leading down to the waterfront once formed part of an industrial complex. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow While Victoria Dock looks much the same, new office blocks have been constructed west of Discovery Point and separate the walkway from the busy Riverside Drive. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Looking west (above) and east (right) from Compass House in Riverside Drive, west of Discovery Point. PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Compass House reflexions - PHOTOs Malcolm McCrow Hard to believe that this building has been carefully demolished and moved from the foot of East Whale	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,270	Meaning 'place of sunset' or 'western' in Arabic, which word is generally applied to the geographic area of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia together?	Culture and Tradition in the Arab Countries Board member Alanna Nelson models a henna application. Henna: An Enduring Tradition By Marilyn Cvitanic Ph.D. For over five thousand years henna has been a symbol of good luck, health and sensuality in the Arab world. The plant has been associated with positive magic and provides us with a link to an ancient age full of good and bad spirits, baraka and jnoun. Generations of women have used a paste made primarily of dried ground henna leaves to cover their hands and feet with designs ranging from simple blobs to intricate geometric patterns designed to ward off evil, promote fertility and attract good energy. While there is some controversy over the origins of the use of henna as a dying agent, the earliest clear evidence of henna application on the body appears in Egyptian mummies whose hair and nails were stained with the reddish brown tones of henna. Botanists believe the henna plant, Lawsonia inermis, originated in Persia. It grew extensively in Egypt and was carried to India where it was used since at least 700 AD for decorating hands and feet. Historically henna has also been used for medicinal purposes, to dye cloth and leather as well as hair, to color the manes of horses and other fur of other animals. Brides throughout the Arab world still participate in the traditional henna party or ceremony. Henna is not only decorative but also carries good luck and fertility; it has baraka and protects against jnoun. In some areas women attend a party shortly before the wedding during which the brides hand's and feet are painted with intricate designs. The henna paste is carefully applied and must remain undisturbed on the skin for several hours to create a strong dark stain. During this time the bride is waited on by her friends and family and has a final opportunity to socialize without the responsibilities of a husband and, ultimately, a family. In other areas henna application can be part of the actual wedding ceremony or is applied immediately before the ceremony. The henna plant has significant baraka attached to it. Legend has it that Mohammed used henna to dye his beard and that the henna flower was the Prophet's favorite. As a result, henna occupies a unique place in the Moslem world. It is used for both decorative and magical purposes and has religious sanction. While the present generation of Arab women may apply henna for fun, some still turn to it for its magical properties. Henna is used to protect against witchcraft or the evil eye and many of the motifs used in henna design are designed to ward off the eye's power. The unique geometry of Moroccan Berber design (pictured) is a result of ancient animistic beliefs and Islam's prohibition of artistic depictions of animals or humans. While the Berbers converted to Islam, many still secretly clung to their traditional beliefs. They developed simple geometric representations of animals, which they used without overtly violating Islamic codes. We see these geometric motifs in rugs, ceramics, and jewelry and in henna design. Each artist has her own recipe and preferred technique of henna application. Until recently most artists applied henna using small sticks and only the most experienced artist could successfully execute a detailed design. Today some artists still use sticks or toothpicks, though many prefer homemade plastic cones or large syringes. Both tools make application easier and faster. In the U.S., artists can also use plastic applicator squeeze bottles (Jacquard bottles) fitted with small metal tips. These were originally designed for fabric paint and are available in art supply stores. Many artists carefully guard their henna recipes, only passing them on to a chosen relative or friend. Most recipes contain some combination of sifted ground henna leaves, strong black tea, lemon juice and a few drops of eucalyptus oil. The thickness of the paste determines the ease of application. Too watery paste means the design will run, and overly thick paste is difficult apply. Factors which influence the intensity of t	Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,271	'Jonquil' is a shade of which colour?	Jonquil \| Color Sorting \| Fandom powered by Wikia Please check out Hexadecimal Chart to see what codes are available to name. The hexadecimal code that matches this color is EEFF9A Justification This article will be judged by what is written as a justification and may be deleted or rewritten if the justification does not adhere to the Color Sorting Policies . This color was named for a flower. This color is a shade of Yellow The color Jonquil is named after a Flower	Fawlty Towers concordance Also a doctor, bringing the total of medical Abbotts to two, not three.(PS) Andre Owner of a restaurant in Torquay, thinks the idea of a gourmet evening for Torquay's finest is a good one. After he is proved wrong, comes to the rescue on two occasions by providing a large dish of roast duck but is unable to prevent this turning into trifle. April 17th Might be the anniversary of the Battle of Agincourt, Crecy, or even Yom Kippur, but is in fact the Fawltys' wedding anniversary. Arrad, Mr Attempts to complain about the service at dinner and learns that he is lucky because he just eats there, Basil not only has to live with it but had to pay Manuel's fare all the way from Barcelona.(WS). Arrad, Mrs. Discovers sugar in the salt-cellar and puts it all over the plaice. Atwell, Marjorie Goes to the theatre with Major Gowen on St George's Day. The major calls her Winnie because she looks like Churchill, who wasn't black. Audrey Friend and confidante of Sybil's. Married, not altogether successfully, to George. Is advised to tilt her head right back to stop the bleeding. Tells Sybil a great many things she knows already. balm carousel lamb casserole. Basil the Rat Enormous savage rodent, or filigree Siberian hamster, depending on your point of view, wouldn't be able to defend himself if given his freedom, even though he is unlikely to be mugged by a gang of field mice. Apparently a homing rat. On the bright side, he won't have to spend the rest of his life with Manuel waiting on him. Provokes a bomb scare in the hotel and winds up in the cheese platter. Bennion Delivery man, attempts to book room 16, with a bath, for a large garden gnome, from a dago twit who has temporarily taken charge of the hotel. (BU) Brahms Composer of the well-known piece, Brahms' Third Racket. Brown, Danny 'Allo. Is from the CID (not MI5), and proves to speak much better Spanish than Basil. Is promised a smile by Polly if he eats up all his sprouts (TC) Bruce, Alan Boyfriend of Polly's school chum Jean, needs to find a chemist's shop open late at night in Torquay, unless Basil's got one or two he could borrow. Buckleigh, Duke of A Sotheby's expert. Plans to host Lord Melbury for dinner, but is unable to do so after getting his head knocked off by a golf ball. (TC) Cagney, Jimmy A possible substitute for Adolf Hitler as the subject of one of Basil's impressions designed to cheer up the Germans. Carnegie, Mr. The scavenger gourmet from the public health department, opens the self-service department at Fawlty Towers, is otherwise known as Old Snoopy Drawers. Compton, Denis International cricketer and football player, proposed by Basil as perhaps being at fault in the building disaster which hits the hotel. (BU) Coosters A family of four slated to endure Basil's first gourmet night cancel at twelve minutes past seven because one of them is ill. Basil expresses the hope that it is nothing trivial. (GN) Country Life Upper-class magazine where Basil advertises to attract a better class of customer, and enable them to turn away some of the riff-raff (TC) D'Oliveira, Basil. Made a hundred. Did he really? Good old Dolly. (TC) Dragonfly Wins the 3 o'clock at Exeter at 14-1 after getting off to a flying start. Bird Brain was third, Polly thinks. Fishwife is unplaced. Nitwit was not Basil's horse. Fawlty, Basil Aging, brilliantined stick insect who thinks he is running a hotel. In truth, he is the British Tourist Board's answer to Donald Duck. At the very least, it is an extremely inefficient and badly-run hotel and Basil himself is a very rude and discourteous man, according to one guest. He would find it a little easier to cope with some of the cretins they get in the hotel if he got a smidgin of cooperation from Sybil, but nevertheless is not going to fawn to any of the yobboes they get in there, despite the fact Fawlty Towers is a hotel not a Borstal. Sings Campdown Races as his way of getting through the day, as the Samaritans were engaged. Rumoured to have killed four people in the Korean War by poisoning thanks to his position in the c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,272	"In 2010, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization announced that it expected to make a formal declaration in 2011 of the global eradication of ""Rinderpest"". What does Rinderpest attack, mostly?"	Rinderpest \| Word Rinderpest at Open Dictionary of English by LearnThat Foundation thesaurus Usage examples (37) But while rinderpest is on the verge is being eradicated, PPR is on the verge of spreading across southern Africa. For example, rinderpest and anthrax are contagious diseases. He does not care about anything else until the rinderpest comes. Measles, for example, is a variant of rinderpest, a cow disease. The rinderpest hit us but we'll build it up again-you wait and see. Nowadays rinderpest and other serious diseases are much less common. The rinderpest ravaged his herds, he had to borrow money from the bank. But, unlike the English problem, rinderpest is not always with the Boer. Diouf added that FAO is concluding its field operations to combat rinderpest. · Vaccinate animals against rinderpest in areas where it is seasonally endemic. An outbreak of rinderpest epidemic was followed by pneumonia and smallpox epidemics. He said the deadly cattle plague, rinderpest will be completely eradicated by mid-2011. Elsewhere it has none, it is a social rinderpest, since the National League was started For example, rinderpest (see page 34) and anthrax (see page 35) are contagious diseases. It is deeply to be regretted that Lord Southesk's fine herd suffered so heavily by the rinderpest. Buffaloes, 337; rinderpest epidemic, 338, 621; efforts of Government to replace the stocks of, 622 Anthrax, together with rinderpest, is one of the most dramatic diseases affecting wild animals in Africa. Supplies of rinderpest? or cattle plague? had to be obtained from Africa and a new isolation station built. The secondary priorities for the FAO would be pests and disease, especially locusts and rinderpest, he said. Stocks of the rinderpest virus will be kept in high-security laboratories, including the IAH's own facility. If there happens to be rinderpest on the next farm to his, he is never contented until he gets his full share. Studies on reactivity and immunogenecity of cell-culture rinderpest vaccine in different species of ruminants. A similar announcement is expected in Spring of 2011 for the cattle disease rinderpest pending final certification. Other Diseases - Among the epizootic diseases, rinderpest and piroplasmosis seem to affect buffaloes as much as cattle. It was originally thought to be rinderpest; it is now believed to be caused by a rickettsia transmitted by cattle ticks. Just as the British occupation of Teso and Lango was completed, serious famine and rinderpest epidemic broke out in Uganda. The Food and Agriculture Organization says the disease is on a par with rinderpest, which has devastated cattle in the past. A global eradication plan for rinderpest, backed by the UN and the World Organisation for Animal Health, was launched in 1994. Others seem more tolerant of internal or external parasites, theileriosis (east coast fever), rinderpest, or other afflictions. In the waning days of the century, rinderpest, jiggers, smallpox, and other epidemics profoundly destabilized African societies. Dry-fruit infusion used for sick camels or for the goat disease chepcherim or boiled with bark for plokai (rinderpest) in cattle. The Boer seldom does anything without first consulting his wife, and it is hinted that the wives made a very bad job of the rinderpest. Besides the everlasting worry of keeping the English community in hand, the Boers have been visited by other plagues, such as rinderpest. Walter Plowright: developed vaccine against rinderpest An outbreak of rinderpest, a disease hitherto unknown in Sick, too, and coughing like a sheep with the rinderpest. However the talk turned on the rinderpest and Jamaica, and no more was said about roulette.	BBC - See Also Clare Spencer \| 15:06 UK time, Monday, 31 January 2011 A look at the stories ranking highly on various news sites. The Times' most popular story tells the distilled wisdom of a sex diary researcher . Arianne Cohen says the sex diarists who are happy all have two things in common: they know what their needs are and they feel as if they are on the path to having them met. One of the Guardian's most popular stories is Charlie Brooker's take on the phone-hacking scandal . "It's like Watergate, but better, because it stars Sienna Miller and Steve Coogan. Excitingly, the bigger the scandal gets, the greater the likelihood that one day we'll get to see them playing themselves in the movie adaptation," he says. The Telegraph's most read story says Tunisia and Egypt's protests show the weak grip of authoritarian regimes in poor countries that import grain . Ambrose Evans-Pritchard predicts food protests will spread to Asia. Slate magazine's most read article is headlined "the enema of your enemy is your friend". It's based on news that faecal transplants are being used to cure c difficile infections. Proving popular with New Scientist readers is a study which disputes previous beliefs that brains measure time by using an internal clock that generates events at a relatively regular rate. Instead, it found busy people feel time passing slower . Post categories: greenroom Mark Kinver \| 14:35 UK time, Monday, 31 January 2011 This edition of Green Room takes a look at the growing row over UK government plans to dispose of land owned by the Forestry Commission, and how a disease has left conservationists fearing for the long-term future of some of the nation's most loved trees. If you can't go into the woods today... As the UN Year of Forests prepares for its official launch, the UK government finds itself facing a growing level of opposition to its consultation on disposing of land owned by the Forestry Commission . The Sunday Telegraph newspaper is leading the media charge with its Save our Forests campaign . A growing number of high-profile people are lending their names to the call to keep the forests in public ownership. Broadcaster (Lord) Melvin Bragg, according to the Guardian, has described plans to sell off forests within the Lake District as "political vandalism" . However, it is worth remembering that the UK does not have a forest culture that is deeply engrained in its national history, in comparison with other European nations such as Germany. The Forestry Commission was established back in 1919, when it was realised that the nation was so dependant on timber imports from forest-rich nations that its industrial might was vulnerable during wartime to shipping blockades. For decades, from the time the commission planted its first trees on 8 December 1919 in Devon, the dominant view was that the UK tree management policy should follow a "whatever the cost" attitude. However, the combination of the emergence of alternative materials and net afforestation in Europe saw this argument lose weight. Instead the commission evolved into a multi-objective organisation as a result of the public's increasing demand for recreation and environmental services such as nature protection. By the end of the 1990s, a greater volume of broadleaved species were being planted than conifers. This is not the first time that a government has attempted to dispose of commission-owned forests in order to boost the public coffers. During the 1980s and early 1990s, some forests were sold by the then-Conservative government. However, ministers again faced strong opposition, so plans for further privatisation were ditched in the mid-1990s. Among the current concerns being voiced by campaigners is that the majority of bidders will be organisations that will want to develop the land. Trees face uncertain future Whether or not this will be the case remains to be seen, but it does not appear to be a good time to buy a woodland, either broadleaf or conifer. There is growing concern about the possible impact of a disease that has now being recor	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,273	The main asteroid belt is between Jupiter and which other planet?	Asteroid Belt: Facts & Formation Asteroid Belt: Facts & Formation By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor \| June 11, 2012 05:51pm ET MORE Orbits of inner planets are shown as large circles in this computer-generated snapshot of actual known objects as of July 20, 2002. Green dots represent asteroids in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter. Red dots are asteroids that stray out of the main belt and pose a small but known possible risk of hitting Earth. Credit: MPC, CBAT, Harvard CfA, IAU Scattered in orbits around the sun are bits and pieces of rock left over from the dawn of the solar system. Most of these objects, called planetoids or asteroids — meaning "star-like" — orbit between Mars and Jupiter in a grouping known as the Main Asteroid Belt. The Main Asteroid Belt lies more than two-and-a-half times as far as Earth does from the sun. It contains billions — maybe even trillions — of asteroids . Most of these are relatively small, from the size of boulders to a few thousand feet in diameter. But some are significantly larger. Origin Early in the life of the solar system , dust and rock circling the sun were pulled together by gravity into planets. But Jupiter , the largest planet, kept a number of the pieces from coalescing into another planet. Instead, its gravity disrupted the formation process, leaving an array of unattached asteroids. The Main Belt once contained enough material to form a planet nearly four times as large as Earth. Jupiter's gravity not only stopped the creation of such a planet, it also swept most of the material clear, leaving far too little behind for a planet of any size to form. Indeed, if the entire mass of the Main Belt could somehow create a single body, it would weigh in at less than half of the mass of the moon. Other solar systems are thought to contain their own asteroid belts . Asteroids, such as Itokawa, pictured here, are thought to be more like piles of rubble loosely clung together, than solid chunks of rock. Credit: ISAS/JAXA Composition Most of the asteroids in the Main Belt are made of rock and stone, but a small portion of them contain iron and nickel metals. The remaining asteroids are made up of a mix of these, along with carbon-rich materials. Some of the more distant asteroids tend to contain more ices. Although they aren't large enough to maintain an atmosphere, but there is evidence that some asteroids contain water. Built and managed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, NEAR was the first spacecraft launched in NASA's Discovery Program of low-cost, small-scale planetary missions. Credit: NASA/JPL/JHUAPL Some asteroids are large, solid bodies — there are more than 16 in the belt with a diameter greater than 150 miles (240 km). The largest asteroids, Vesta , Pallas and Hygiea, are 250 miles (400 km) long and bigger. The region also contains the dwarf planet Ceres . At 590 miles (950 km) in diameter, or about a quarter of the size of our moon, Ceres is round yet is considered too small to be a full-fledged planet. However, it makes up approximately a third of the mass of the asteroid belt. [Gallery: Asteroid Pictures ] Other asteroids are piles of rubble held together by gravity. Most asteroids aren't quite massive enough to have achieved a spherical shape and instead are irregular, often resembling a lumpy potato. The asteroid 216 Kleopatra resembles a dog bone. In 2007, NASA launched a mission, Dawn , to visit Ceres and Vesta. Dawn reached Vesta in 2011 and remained there for over a year. It should reach Ceres in 2015. [Related: Asteroid Vesta and NASA's Dawn Spacecraft ] Discovery of the asteroid belt The 18th-century astronomer Johann Titius noted a mathematical pattern in the layout of the planets and used it to predict the existence of one between Mars and Jupiter. Astronomers scoured the heavens in search of this missing body. In 1800, 25 astronomers formed a group known as the Celestial Police, each searching 15 degrees of the zodiac for the missing planet. But the discovery of the first body in this region came from a n	Kuiper Belt Objects: Facts about the Kuiper Belt & KBOs Kuiper Belt Objects: Facts about the Kuiper Belt & KBOs By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor \| January 22, 2016 01:06pm ET MORE This artist's impression shows the distant dwarf planet Eris in the distance with its moon Dysmonia in the foreground. New observations have shown that Eris is smaller than previously thought and almost exactly the same size as Pluto. Eris is extremely reflective and its surface is probably covered in frost formed from the frozen remains of its atmosphere. Dysnomia appears to be a darker and less reflective body. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada Beyond the gas giant Neptune lies a region of space filled with icy bodies. Known as the Kuiper Belt, this chilly expanse holds trillions of objects, remnants of the early solar system. Dutch astronomer Jan Oort first proposed in 1950 that some comets might come from the the solar system’s far suburbs. That reservoir later became known as the Oort cloud. Earlier, in 1943, astronomer Kenneth Edgeworth had suggested comets and larger bodies might exist beyond Neptune. In 1951, astronomer Gerard Kuiper predicted the existence of a belt of icy objects that now bears his name. Some astronomers refer to it as the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt. Astronomers are now hunting for a planet in the Kuiper Belt, a true ninth planet , after evidence of its existence was unveiled on Jan. 20, 2016. The so-called "Planet Nine," as scientists are calling it, is about 10 times the mass of Earth and 5,000 times the mass of Pluto. Let's take a closer look at this distant section of the solar system and the small worlds most commonly known as Kupier Belt Objects (KBOs) and, in recent years, dwarf planets. Artists rendering of the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. Credit: NASA Artist's concept of the dwarf planet Haumea and its two satellites (Hi’iaka and Namaka). Credit: SINC/José Antonio Peñas The Kuiper Belt is an elliptical plane in space spanning from 30 to 50 times Earth's distance from the sun, or 2.5 to 4.5 billion miles (4.5 to 7.4 billion kilometers). The belt is similar to the asteroid belt found between Mars and Jupiter, although the objects in the Kuiper Belt tend more to be icy rather than rocky. Scientists estimate that thousands of bodies more than 62 miles (100 km) in diameter travel around the sun within this belt, along with trillions of smaller objects, many of which are short-period comets . The region also contains several dwarf planets , round worlds too large to be considered asteroids and yet not qualifying as planets because they’re too small, on an odd orbit, and don’t clear out the space around them the way the 8 planets do. Kuiper Belt formation When the solar system formed , much of the gas, dust and rocks pulled together to form the sun and planets. The planets then swept most of the remaining debris into the sun or out of the solar system. But bodies farther out remained safe from gravitational tugs of planets like Jupiter , and so managed to stay safe as they slowly orbited the sun. The Kuiper Belt and its compatriot, the more distant and spherical Oort Cloud , contain the leftover remnants from the beginning of the solar system and can provide valuable insights into its birth. The classical Kuiper Belt — the most crowded section — lies between 42 and 48 times Earth's distance from the sun. The orbit of objects in this region remain stable for the most part, although some objects occasionally have their course changed slightly when they drift too close to Neptune. Kuiper Belt Objects This artist's impression shows the distant dwarf planet Eris. New observations have shown that Eris is smaller than previously thought and almost exactly the same size as Pluto. Eris is extremely reflective and its surface is probably covered in frost formed from the frozen remains of its atmosphere. The distant Sun appears to the upper right and both Eris and its moon Dysnomia (center) appear as crescents. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada Pluto was the first true Kuiper Belt Object to be seen, although scientists at the time didn't recog	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,274	Who died on January 5th 1922 whilst on his fourth Antarctic expedition?	BBC - History - Ernest Shackleton z Ernest Shackleton © Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer, best known for leading the 'Endurance' expedition of 1914-16. Ernest Henry Shackleton was born on 15 February 1874 in County Kildare, Ireland. His father was a doctor. The family moved to London where Shackleton was educated. Rejecting his father's wish that he become a doctor, he joined the merchant navy when he was 16 and qualified as a master mariner in 1898. He travelled widely but was keen to explore the poles. In 1901, Shackleton was chosen to go on the Antarctic expedition led by British naval officer Robert Falcon Scott on the ship 'Discovery'. With Scott and one other, Shackleton trekked towards the South Pole in extremely difficult conditions, getting closer to the Pole than anyone had come before. Shackleton became seriously ill and had to return home but had gained valuable experience. Back in Britain, Shackleton spent some time as a journalist and was then elected secretary of the Scottish Royal Geographical Society. In 1906, he unsuccessfully stood for parliament in Dundee. In 1908, he returned to the Antarctic as the leader of his own expedition, on the ship 'Nimrod'. During the expedition, his team climbed Mount Erebus, made many important scientific discoveries and set a record by coming even closer to the South Pole than before. He was knighted on his return to Britain. In 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reached the South Pole, followed by Scott who died on the return journey. In 1914, Shackleton made his third trip to the Antarctic with the ship 'Endurance', planning to cross Antarctica via the South Pole. Early in 1915, 'Endurance' became trapped in the ice, and ten months later sank. Shackleton's crew had already abandoned the ship to live on the floating ice. In April 1916, they set off in three small boats, eventually reaching Elephant Island. Taking five crew members, Shackleton went to find help. In a small boat, the six men spent 16 days crossing 1,300 km of ocean to reach South Georgia and then trekked across the island to a whaling station. The remaining men from the 'Endurance' were rescued in August 1916. Not one member of the expedition died. 'South', Shackleton's account of the 'Endurance' expedition, was published in 1919. Shackleton's fourth expedition aimed to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent but on 5 January 1922, Shackleton died of a heart attack off South Georgia. He was buried on the island.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: May 2008 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Wednesday, May 28, 2008 THE FINAL FOR THE CUP 1 Which American poet wrote the lines Candy/ Is dandy/ But liquor/ Is quicker and later added the lines Pot/ Is not? Ogden Nash (Original from 1931, the last lines added by Nash in 1968) 2 Which archipelagic nation consists of over 7,000 islands, the largest of which are Luzon and Mindanao? The Philippines (7,107 islands to be precise) 3 Which London theatre has the same name as a silvery white metal with atomic number 46? Palladium 4 Which murderer used the false name John Robinson whilst trying to escape to Quebec on the SS Montrose with his mistress? Dr Crippen (After the murder of his wife Cora) 5 What is the name of the MP for Crewe and Nantwich who died in April 2008? Gwyneth Dunwoody 6 Complete the Monopoly set – Piccadilly, Coventry Street and...? Leicester Square 7 Which major New York street intersects with Broadway at Times Square? 42nd Street 8 Which composer is buried adjacent to the organ in Westminster Abbey? Henry Purcell 9 If you were reading a book published by Fodor’s, what would the subject be? Travel (World’s largest English language publisher of travel / tourism info) 10 Two famous people met at Ujiji near the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania on the 10th of November 1871. Name either. Sir Henry Morton Stanley or Dr David Livingstone ("Dr. Livingstone, I presume..?”) 11 Which office, currently held by Martin Rees, has also been held by John Flamsteed and Edmond Halley? Astronomer Royal (Flamsteed was the first in 1675 and was followed by Halley) 12 What is the name of the ship’s Captain who is the subject of Herman Wouk’s novel (and later film) The Caine Mutiny? Captain Queeg 13 At the end of which famous race is the slowest finisher awarded the title Lanterne Rouge or Red Lantern? The Tour de France (It refers to the red lights on the last carriage of a train which indicate that no wagon has been lost). 14 In Norse mythology, who or what is Yggdrasil? The Tree of the World, a great Ash tree that connects the Norse cosmos together. (Tree is what we are after…) 15 Which American singer, known as the “Cry Guy” or the “Nabob of Sob”, had a Number 1 UK hit with Just Walking in the Rain in 1956? Johnnie Ray 16 Which American artist, whose most famous works were numbered rather than named, died at the age of 44 when he crashed his car whilst drunk in New York in 1956? Jackson Pollock 17 What is the name of the strait between India and Sri Lanka? The Palk Strait 18 What word is used to describe a person who dies without having made a will? Intestate (Do not accept “Dead”!) 19 What name is given to a series of pictures apparently made by random ink blots which is used as a means of psychological testing? The Rorschach Test 20 The novel Oil! by Upton Sinclair was the inspiration for a successful 2007 film featuring a leading character called Daniel Plainview. What is the film’s title? There Will Be Blood (Daniel Day-Lewis stars as Plainview) 21 Which Pope died in 1978 only 33 days after being elected? John Paul I (the first) 22 Which game bird found extensively in Scotland is known as the Snow Grouse? The Ptarmigan 23 Which English Football League team has been managed by Trevor Francis, David Pleat and Ron Atkinson? Sheffield Wednesday 24 When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon, who stayed up in space? Michael Collins (Command Module Pilot of Apollo 11) 25 Refreshment Sunday is the fourth Sunday in Lent. By what name is it more commonly known? Mothering Sunday (Or Mother’s Day, of course…) 26 William Webb Ellis won a much prized blue for Oxford University at which sport? Cricket (Played v Cambridge in 1827) 27 In Greek mythology, Leto is the mother of twins by Zeus. Name either of them. Apollo or Artemis 28 In which Shakespeare play is Viola the heroine? Twelfth Night 29 Leona Lewis has recently topped the US charts with her single Bleeding Love.	trivia_qa.jsonl

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