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1,508,475	"Which musical term means ""sustained"", and occasionally also implies ""a slowing of tempo""?"	Right Feet, Middle Pedals (Sostenuto Pedal) \| Left Feet, Left Pedals (Soft Pedals) » Right Feet, Middle Pedals (Sostenuto Pedal) In music, sostenuto is a term from Italian which means “sustained,” and occasionally also implies a slowing of tempo. It usually refers to a style of playing rather than a tempo. For instance, if the tempo marking of a piece is Adagio Sostenuto, the tempo would be slow (Adagio), and the sostenuto part of the marking tells the player to hold notes longer than they normally would, and play phrases in a very legato style. On a modern grand piano with three pedals, the middle pedal is usually a sostenuto pedal. It sustains only those notes which are depressed at the same time that the pedal is depressed, allowing future notes played to be unaffected. It is commonly abbreviated “S.P.”, “Sost. Ped.” or “ThP.” (from the German equivalent “Tonhalte-Pedal”). On some upright pianos, the middle pedal sustains all notes in the bass register, but this is not a true sostenuto pedal. On other uprights, the middle pedal is a practice pedal (with a locking option) which makes the sound extremely quiet beyond the standard soft pedal. This is often achieved by dropping a felt cloth between the hammers and the strings when the practice pedal is depressed. Note that the sostenuto pedal should not be confused with the much more commonly used sustain pedal, which undamps all the strings on the piano. Like this: Like Loading... Related This entry was posted on April 25, 2009 at 7:25 am and is filed under Piano Pedal . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response , or trackback from your own site. Leave a Reply	History of Jazz -instrument match - Music History And Literature 143 with Navidad at Orange Coast College - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. History of Jazz -instrument match History of Jazz -instrument match Jessica M. -played drums for Benny Goodman -brought drums to the forefront -great entertainer and performer Earl "Fatha" Hines Piano created a style based on ragtime and stride, but goes further and demonstrates that the piano can be a strong solo instrument. Made it sound like a trumpet. Also took out webbing between fingers Advertisement ) attended churches and took spirituals as his inspiration uptown African American had a lot of energy and volume quick minded: improv Deep, rich sonorous sound Johnny Hodges alto saxophonist; joined Ellington’s band in 1928; took Bechet as his model; became one of Ellington’s main soloists; sometimes he used a bluesy toughness and other times he used a gentle lyricism Benny Goodman -appliedjazz arrangements to current pop songs--brought dance music into mainstreasm -advocate of integration in jazz launced a number of small groups Art Tatum -Amazing technique and veolicty at the piano -Reharmonization -Blind in one eye and half blind in the other one -"Willow Weep for Me" and "Tiger Rag" -Transition to Be Bop He was the first to record bass solos that departed from standard walking lines Jo Jones drummer; in the Count Basie band; a veteran of the Blue Devils; played with extraordinary lightness and a keen sense of ensemble Freddie Green close coordination with bass and drums Lewis, Meade "Lux" jazz pianist known for promoting the booie-woogie style in late 1930's Charlie Christian Jazz guitar with Benny Goodman - Electric guitar Influence bebop Helped connect jazz to rock n roll Advertisement ragtime pianist Freddie Keppard Cornet player known for use of mutes. Left with the Creole Jazz Band. He refused to record in 1916 b/c he though it would allow others to copy his sound/technique. Thus, the first band to record was the Original Dixie Land Jazz Band who were 5 white guys. >:( Kid Ory -recorded with Hot Five and Seven groups King Oliver Prominent cornet play. First black musician with a creole band to get work outside of NOLA. Taught Louis Armstrong and that generation of jazz musicians Thomas "Fats" Walter Studied with James P. Johnson benny golson bandleader and drummer, The Jazz Messengers, roots of music in church and blues, virtuosic HARD BOP Horace Silver -Pianist -During his time spent in Art Blakey's band he composed many of the tunes that incarnated the Hard Bop esthetic -One of the top played jazz composers -Brought the funky into jazz with his "comping" sonny rollins -THE leading tenor sax player in jazz for past 60 years -mentored by thelonious monk -worked with bud powell and JJ johnson at 19 -shares career with miles davis -still performs today at 84 Ray Brown original bass player in modern jazz quartet bebob Shelly Manne NY drummer who flourished on the west coast (cool jazz flourished there in general). Worked with Charlie Parker and involved with Lennie Tristano in NY. His west coast groups focused on sophisticated arrangements and modern compositions. Joan Gilberto saxophonist who made biggest hit of Bossa Nova era Charlie Parker Charles Parker, Jr., also known as "Yardbird" and "Bird", was an American jazz saxophonist and composer Miles Davis Led one of the greatest bands of all time Trumpet style: cool, mello, lyrical use of space emphasized playing as if he were singing. Jazz Fusion -Formed the Modern Jazz Quartet -Collaborated with Gunther Schuller on Third Stream Max Roach American jazz drummer; pioneer of bebop and considered one of the most important drummers in history; made numerous musical statements relating to the civil rights movement; sided with Malcolm X in his political views Cannonball Adderly -hard bop John Coltrane Tenor Sax player. Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes in jazz and later was	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,476	Who directed the 1973 film American Graffiti?	American Graffiti (1973) - IMDb IMDb 29 December 2016 2:33 AM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A couple of high school grads spend one final night cruising the strip with their buddies before they go off to college. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 26 titles created 20 Sep 2011 a list of 47 titles created 23 Jul 2014 a list of 32 titles created 29 Mar 2015 a list of 30 titles created 4 months ago a list of 21 titles created 4 months ago Search for " American Graffiti " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 5 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards » Photos College graduates deal with Vietnam and other issues of the late '60s. Director: Bill Norton Set in the 25th century, the story centers around a man and a woman who rebel against their rigidly controlled society. Director: George Lucas In 1951, a group of high schoolers come of age in a bleak, isolated, atrophied West Texas town that is slowly dying, both culturally and economically. Director: Peter Bogdanovich A rebellious young man with a troubled past comes to a new town, finding friends and enemies. Director: Nicholas Ray Two counterculture bikers travel from Los Angeles to New Orleans in search of America. Director: Dennis Hopper Edit Storyline It's the proverbial end of the summer 1962 in a small southern California town. It's the evening before best friends and recent high school graduates, Curt Henderson and Steve Bolander, are scheduled to leave town to head to college back east. Curt, who received a lucrative local scholarship, is seen as the promise that their class holds. But Curt is having second thoughts about leaving what Steve basically sees as their dead end town. Curt's beliefs are strengthened when he spots an unknown beautiful blonde in a T-bird who mouths the words "I love you" to him. As Curt tries to find that blonde while trying to get away from a local gang who have him somewhat hostage, Curt may come to a decision about his immediate future. Outgoing class president Steve, on the other hand, wants to leave, despite meaning that he will leave girlfriend, head cheerleader and Curt's sister, Laurie Henderson, behind. Steve and Laurie spend the evening "negotiating" the state of their relationship. Meanwhile... Written by Huggo Did You Know? Trivia The film was previewed before an audience of young people in Northpoint Theater, San Francisco, on a Sunday morning, with Universal Pictures head Ned Tanen in attendance. In a story that is now legendary in Hollywood, Tanan was not impressed with the film, despite a good audience reaction, and called it "unreleasable". Francis Ford Coppola , enraged at the comment, offered to buy the film from Universal (some stories claim he offered to write the check then and there) while the exhausted, burned-out and ill George Lucas watched in shock. A compromise was finally reached in which Universal could "suggest" modifications to the movie, a resolution Lucas was not happy with, as it took control of the film away from him. See more » Goofs When Carol is on the hood of the car being shaving-creamed, she covers the front windshield with shaving cream and jumps off, but as she runs around the car, there's no shaving cream anywhere on it. See more » Quotes [first lines] Terry Fields : Hey, what do you say, Curt? Last night in town... you guys gonna have a little bash before you leave? Steve Bolander : The Moose have been looking for you all day. [hands a check to Curt] Steve Bolander : They got worried... thought you were trying to avoid them or something. Terry Fields : What is it? What do ya got? Curt Henderson : Oh, great. Terry Fields : That's $2,000 man! Two thousand dollars! Steve Bolander : Mr. Jennings gave it to m	‘Trading Places’: More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won’t Bet A Dollar On It) \| IndieWire Advertise with Indiewire ‘Trading Places’: More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won’t Bet A Dollar On It) 'Trading Places': More Than 7 Things You May Not Know About The Film (But We Won't Bet A Dollar On It) Talk Thirty years ago, “ Trading Places ,” John Landis‘ classic comedy, premiered to critical and commercial success. Not only was it the 4th highest grossing film of 1983 (making over $90 million, behind “Flashdance,” “Terms of Endearment,” and “Return of the Jedi“), but the film also received praise from the likes of Roger Ebert (“This is good comedy”) and Rex Reed (“Trading Places is an updated Frank Capra with four-letter words, and I can think of no higher praise than that”). The film is about two beyond-wealthy yet bored brothers (Ralph Bellamy and Don Ameche) who swap out a well-to-do finance guy in their employ ( Dan Aykroyd ) with a homeless conman (Eddie Murphy) just to watch the world burn, oh no, we mean to test the good old “nature vs. nurture” debate. Decades later, “Trading Places” is still hilarious, with its cutting commentary on class and race in America (regrettably still topical), legendary comedic performances by Murphy (way before “ Triplets ” talk and Murphy became the most overpaid actor in Hollywood ) and Aykroyd (way before “ Ghostbusters 3 ” talk and Aykroyd opened up about his belief in aliens ), and so much more (Jamie Lee Curtis plays a hooker with a heart of gold, the 1% lose out in the end, and more). To mark the occasion, check out a few tidbits of trivia that you may not know about the film below and keep your eye on the frozen orange juice market. “Trading Places” is currently available on DVD and Blu-ray (we recommend the “Looking Good, Feeling Good” edition in either format), and can be seen on Netflix: what better time to watch than during this summer weekend (there’s only so much sunshine and fresh air you can soak up), especially with some freshly squeezed orange juice (take that, Duke brothers!)? 1. It Was Originally Meant To Be A Richard Pryor-Gene Wilder Vehicle Called “Black And White” After the uber-success of “Stir Crazy” (grossing over $100 million and ranking 3rd overall for 1980, although with mixed reviews), the team of Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder was a hot ticket. With comedic and literal gold in mind, the story for “Trading Places” was born, though with the slightly more blunt title of “Black and White.” Too bad “ Ebony and Ivory ” was already taken. Remember, this was the early ’80s and a to-be-rated R comedy, so subtlety and racial sensitivity were not high on the checklist (for some context, check out this landmark ‘SNL’ sketch ). Unfortunately (or fortunately, depends on how you feel about “Norbit“), Pryor was unable to do the film and the studio replaced him with Murphy. Rather than taking Pryor’s reins, Murphy had Wilder re-cast and the rest is history. Being the 22-year-old comedian’s second film role (“48 Hours” being his screen debut), Billy Ray Valentine “ made him a phenomenon .” A few years later, Pryor and Wilder would get the chance to work together again for the third time (first was the moderately-received “Silver Streak“) in the critically panned and not-so-classic “See No Evil, Hear No Evil.” 2. Other Casting Options Included Ray Milland, John Gielgud And More Although now we can’t imagine anyone else but Ralph Bellamy and Don Ameche playing the dastardly scheming Duke brothers, toying with people’s lives and likelihoods (ahem Koch brothers ahem), the producers had a different pairing in mind. Ralph Bellamy (“ The Awful Truth ,” “ His Girl Friday “) may have been the first choice for Randolph, but Don Ameche (“ The Story of Alexander Graham Bell ,” “ Midnight “) wasn’t for Mortimer. Apparently, that honor goes to Ray Milland (“ The Lost Weekend ,” “ Dial M for Murder “), who had to decline because of being un-insurable due to age and health. Milland wasn’t the only English Oscar-winner up for a role in “Tradi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,477	What traditional dish is made with sheep organs and oatmeal, encased in an animal stomach?	What Is Haggis Made Of? What Is Haggis Made Of? Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters Thanks, You're in! There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. Please enter a valid email address. Did you mean ? Haggis for a Burns Night Supper. Getty Updated September 24, 2016. The national dish of Scotland is Haggis . It is an excellent, tasty dish, but have you ever wondered what is in Haggis? What is Haggis Made From? Haggis is made using sheep pluck (the bits nowadays often discarded; lungs, hearts, liver). The cooked minced offal is mixed with suet, oatmeal, seasoning and encased in the sheep stomach. stomach. Once stitched up, the stuffed stomach is boiled for up to three hours. If the thought of cooking the animal parts is off-putting, there are commercial haggis available, the best known (including a vegetarian version) from Charles MacSween & Son in Edinburgh . How to Choose and Cook a Haggis How to Serve Haggis Once steamed and cooked through the Haggis is popular in many ways, the most popular either on a full Scottish breakfast or with hearty Tatties and Neeps ( T atties are Scottish for potatoes, and Neeps are turnips). continue reading below our video How to Make Curried Pumpkin Soup What to Drink with Haggis Top of the list is Scotch whisky followed by acidic red wines and strong, dark beers. The Haggis and Robert Burns The Haggis was immortalised by the poet Robert Burns in his Address to the Haggis in the 18th century and celebrated in Scotland and throughout the world on Burns Night , January 25th, in memory of the Scottish poet. It is eaten with Tatties (mashed potatoes) and Neeps (turnip or swede) alongside other Scottish favourites Cock-a-Leekie (Chicken Vegetable) Soup and Cranachan, a dessert made from raspberry, toasted oatmeal and cream. Prev	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,478	In poetry, a quatrain is a stanza or complete poem consisting of how many lines of verse?	QUATRAIN -- Crossword entry \| Crossword Nexus QUATRAIN Quatrain A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines. Existing in various forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China; and, continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages. During Europe's Dark Ages, in the Middle East and especially Iran, polymath poets such as Omar Khayyam continued to popularize this form of poetry, also known as Ruba'i, well beyond their borders and time. There are twelve possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are: AAAA, AABB, and ABAB. The above text is a snippet from Wikipedia: Quatrain and as such is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License . quatrain a poem in four lines a stanza of four lines Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night, Has flung the Stone that puts the stars to flight: And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught The Sultan's Turret in a Noose of light. The above text is a snippet from Wiktionary: quatrain and as such is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License . Need help with a clue? Try your search in the crossword dictionary! Clue: Book of the month Francis Heaney and Brendan Emmett Quigley, two of the best in the biz, have teamed up for Drunk Crosswords . Grab yourself a copy today! Store NEW! Get a whole bunch of puzzles, pay what you want, and help charity. Mobile App We've got an app, with versions for iPhone, iPod and (finally!) Android. Snap a picture of the QR code above, or simply follow this link for more info. It's free, and the quickest way to get help for your crosswords on the go. Enjoy!	Rio Rio You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 3 to 24 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,479	In which country is Mount Sinai?	What is the location of the real Mount Sinai? What is the location of the real Mount Sinai? Subscribe to our Question of the Week : Question: "What is the location of the real Mount Sinai?" Answer: Where is the real Mount Sinai? For centuries, scholars, explorers and pilgrims have sought the location of the real Mount Sinai—the mountain of God from the biblical story of Moses and the Exodus. Today, most people are unaware that little or no evidence has surfaced that supports the traditional site called “Mount Sinai” in the south central Sinai Peninsula. In fact, it seems the only reason that the traditional site is designated “Mount Sinai” is that Helena, mother of Constantine I, decreed it as such in the early 300s AD. Several other proposed sites for the real Mount Sinai have been suggested over the years, but no hard evidence has been produced by scholars or archaeologists to date. Robert Cornuke, an investigative explorer for BASE Institute, has said, “If we are ever to discern a correct location for the historical events recorded in the biblical Book of Exodus, it’s important to use the Scriptures as a guide, just as we would use any ancient documents that have proven reliable in the past.” The Scriptures can help us discover the general location for the real Mount Sinai. Exodus 3:1 plainly identifies Mount Horeb (Sinai) as being in Midian: “Now Moses was tending the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian. And he led the flock to the back of the desert, and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.” Scripture reveals here that the region of “Midian” is undeniably the same as present-day Saudi Arabia. This has been established by numerous sources. Second, the traditional site for Mount Sinai on the Sinai Peninsula has nothing to do geographically with the “back” of a desert. By contrast, certain mountains in Saudi Arabia are on the far side or margin of a vast desert in ancient Midian. Exodus 2:15 reveals more. After killing an Egyptian, Moses fled Egypt for safer ground: “When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill Moses, but Moses fled from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian.” Egypt and its holdings would not have been safe for Moses under any circumstances. He would not have fled to the Sinai Peninsula, where archaeology shows that Pharaoh had multiple mining interests and military outposts. The Bible is clear that Moses went out of Egypt, to the land of Midian east of the Gulf of Aqaba. The Bible makes several references to Moses returning to Egypt from Midian, including Exodus 4:19, where we read, “Now the Lord had said to Moses in Midian, ‘Go back to Egypt, for all the men who wanted to kill you are dead.’” All passages associated with Moses’ stay in Midian point toward present-day Saudi Arabia as the area to which Moses fled, subsequently met God at the burning bush, and then returned to with the children of Israel. In the New Testament, Paul wrote in Galatians 4:25, “Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia . . .” As a “Hebrew of Hebrews,” Paul’s understanding of Arabia would have been one that was consistent with Old Testament passages like 1 Kings 10:15; 2 Chronicles 9:14; Isaiah 21:13; Jeremiah 25:24; and Ezekiel 27:21, in which Arabia is clearly identified with the region east of the Gulf of Aqaba, where “kings” ruled and the “Dedanites” co-dwelt with other nomadic peoples. So, where is the real Mount Sinai? Many Bible references seem to point away from the traditional Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula and toward the mountains of Saudi Arabia. However, is there evidence to support this theory? We suggest that you check out the expeditions and discoveries of Robert Cornuke in the DVD listed below. He’s an investigator and explorer who’s put the theory to the test by documenting the evidence for the real Mount Sinai at Jabal al lawz in Saudi Arabia. Robert Cornuke's evidence is credible and compelling.	Yom Kippur - Holidays - HISTORY.com Yom Kippur A+E Networks Introduction Yom Kippur—the Day of Atonement—is considered the most important holiday in the Jewish faith. Falling in the month of Tishrei (September or October in the Gregorian calendar), it marks the culmination of the 10 Days of Awe, a period of introspection and repentance that follows Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. According to tradition, it is on Yom Kippur that God decides each person’s fate, so Jews are encouraged to make amends and ask forgiveness for sins committed during the past year. The holiday is observed with a 25-hour fast and a special religious service. Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah are known as Judaism’s “High Holy Days.” Google History and Significance of Yom Kippur According to tradition, the first Yom Kippur took place after the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt and arrival at Mount Sinai, where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments. Descending from the mountain, Moses caught his people worshipping a golden calf and shattered the sacred tablets in anger. Because the Israelites atoned for their idolatry, God forgave their sins and offered Moses a second set of tablets. Did You Know? Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax, one of the most famous Jewish athletes in American sports, made national headlines when he refused to pitch in the first game of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur. When Koufax’s replacement Don Drysdale was pulled from the game for poor performance, he told the Los Angeles Dodgers’ manager Walter Alston, "I bet you wish I was Jewish, too." Jewish texts recount that during biblical times Yom Kippur was the only day on which the high priest could enter the inner sanctum of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. There, he would perform a series of rituals and sprinkle blood from sacrificed animals on the Ark of the Covenant, which contained the Ten Commandments. Through this complex ceremony he made atonement and asked for God’s forgiveness on behalf of all the people of Israel. The tradition is said to have continued until the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 A.D; it was then adapted into a service for rabbis and their congregations in individual synagogues. According to tradition, God judges all creatures during the 10 Days of Awe between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, deciding whether they will live or die in the coming year. Jewish law teaches that God inscribes the names of the righteous in the “book of life” and condemns the wicked to death on Rosh Hashanah; people who fall between the two categories have until Yom Kippur to perform “teshuvah,” or repentance. As a result, observant Jews consider Yom Kippur and the days leading up to it a time for prayer, good deeds, reflecting on past mistakes and making amends with others. Observing Yom Kippur Yom Kippur is Judaism’s most sacred day of the year; it is sometimes referred to as the “Sabbath of Sabbaths.” For this reason, even Jews who do not observe other traditions refrain from work, which is forbidden during the holiday, and participate in religious services on Yom Kippur, causing synagogue attendance to soar. Some congregations rent out additional space to accommodate large numbers of worshippers. The Torah commands all Jewish adults (apart from the sick, the elderly and women who have just given birth) to abstain from eating and drinking between sundown on the evening before Yom Kippur and nightfall the next day. The fast is believed to cleanse the body and spirit, not to serve as a punishment. Religious Jews heed additional restrictions on bathing, washing, using cosmetics, wearing leather shoes and sexual relations. These prohibitions are intended to prevent worshippers from focusing on material possessions and superficial comforts. Because the High Holy Day prayer services include special liturgical texts, songs and customs, rabbis and their congregations read from a special prayer book known as the machzor during both Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah. Five distinct prayer services take place on Yom Kippur, the first on the eve of the holiday and the las	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,480	The 1st World War Armistice was signed in 'Compagnie Internationale des Wagons Lits 2419', a?	Armistice \| Iconic Photos Iconic Photos Famous, Infamous and Iconic Photos Posts Tagged ‘Armistice’ with 3 comments On November 8th 1918, the German delegation crossed the frontlines to negotiate an armistice to end the First World War. Instead of directly driving them to where the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, Marshal Ferdinand Foch was waiting, the French gave them a 10-hour tour of the ruined countryside. The talk took three days and the terms from the United States included the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II. This was agreed and Wilhem abdicated on Novemeber 10th while Germany slowly descended into riots and unrest. Foch appeared only twice in the three days of negotiations: on the first day, to ask the German delegation what they wanted, and on the last day, to see to the signatures. The armistice was formally signed in Foch’s carriage on 11 November. Above is the only picture of the signing ceremony. The armistice initially ran for 30 days but was regularly renewed until the formal peace treaty was signed at Versailles the following year. Before the Treaty of Verseilles, the Allies kept their armies ready to begin hostilities back again within 48 hours. In 1940, Hitler exacted revenge by forcing the French to sign an armistice in the same railway carriage. The Nazis destroyed the building housing it, the Clairiere de l’Armistice and took the carriage to Berlin. With the Allied advance into Germany, the carriage was removed to Ohrdruf, where it was destroyed. More information about armistice, see here . Rate this: with 3 comments “On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” of 1918, an armistice was signed, ending “The War to End All Wars”. With the military morale in its ebb and revolution brewing at home, Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated two days before on 9 November. The German government had decided to negotiate an armistice with the Allies starting 7th November, when the German Army Chief of Staff Paul von Hindenburg exchanged a series of telegrams with the Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand Foch. In the forest of Compiègne, In the railcar given to Foch for military use by the manufacturer, Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, the armistice was signed. The photograph was taken after reaching an agreement. The diplomatic situation was terse: The German signatory, Matthias Erzberger made a short speech, protesting the harshness of the terms, and concluded by saying that “a nation of seventy millions can suffer, but it cannot die”. Foch then refused to shake Erzberger’s hand and said, “Très bien“.) Although it was signed at 5 am, the terms of the agreement didn’t come into effect until six hours later at 11 am. The hour was chosen by Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, First Sea Lord and Britain’s official delegate to oversee the Armistice. He was explicitly ordered by his Prime Minister David Lloyd George to delay the terms until 3 pm to coincide with parliment sitting so that PM could get the credit of announcing it officially to the house on the hour. Weymss thought the delay would cause unnecessary killing and decided that the eleventh hour would add to the poignancy of the date. Lloyd George was furious. Erzberger, too, was not kindly received back–he was assassinated later by a right-wing extremist group, Organisation Consul for signing the Armistice. Foch on the other hand was elected to the Académie des Sciences on the very day of the Armistice [and ten days later, to the Académie française]. In the above picture, front row from left to right: Rear-Admiral George P.W. Hope, Wemyss’s deputy; General Maxime Weygrand, Foch’s righthand man and one who read out the armistice conditions; Wemyss; Foch and Royal Navy captain JPR Marriott, attache to two admirals. On the train, clockwise from top right: Interpreter Laperche, Captain le Mierry, Commander Riedinger, and General Desticker, Foch’s ADC. The German delegation was notably absent. The photo was taken at 7:30 am as Foch was about to return to Paris with the signed documents in his briefcase. Although Germany had insisted that it would	World War I Ended With the Treaty of Versailles Great War & Jazz Age (1914-1928) This song was meant to express the voice of children during World War I: "We want our Daddy dear, back home (Hello Central, give me France)" World War I Ended With the Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 World War I (1914-1918) was finally over. This first global conflict had claimed from 9 million to 13 million lives and caused unprecedented damage. Germany had formally surrendered on November 11, 1918, and all nations had agreed to stop fighting while the terms of peace were negotiated. On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war. (Versailles is a city in France, 10 miles outside of Paris.) Do you know what triggered the conflict, sometimes called the "Great War"? page 1 of 3	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,481	Who was the last South African golfer to win the Open Championship?	South African Open Championship 2015: Daily Leaderboard Updates and Highlights \| Bleacher Report South African Open Championship 2015: Daily Leaderboard Updates and Highlights By Mike Chiari , Featured Columnist Jan 8, 2015 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories Stuart Franklin/Getty Images 0 Comments The South African Open Championship marks the beginning of the European Tour's season, and there is no question that several of the world's best golfers would love to get 2015 off to a great start with a victory. Hopefully it's a sign of things to come as well, with Andy Sullivan triumphing in what was an enthralling climax to a thoroughly entertaining tournament. Here is a full recap of how the tournament played out. Round 4 Recap Stuart Franklin/Getty Images England's Andy Sullivan won the South African Open Championship in dramatic fashion, overcoming Charl Schwartzel in a sudden-death playoff. Schwartzel held a five-shot lead going into the final day and for long spells it looked as though he had the title sewn up. But he dropped three shots in the last three holes, leading to a playoff with the Englishman. Sullivan played a poor opening shot in the playoff but a sensational second into the 18th green broke South African hearts and handed him his first win on the European Tour. Here's how the leaderboard looked at the end of the tournament and a look back at a dramatic day of golf at the Glendower Golf Club, courtesy of EuropeanTour.com : Final Leaderboard 73 EuropeanTour.com Firstly, credit must go to the Englishman who put together an excellent final round of 65. His final 18 holes contained four birdies and an eagle, and as we can see here courtesy of the European Tour Twitter account, Sullivan produced some wonderful shots as the tournament came to a close: Schwartzel leads by three as he heads to the back nine at the #104thSAOpen , but Sullivan's on the charge again. https://t.co/XgNMHTUgmo — The European Tour (@EuropeanTour) January 11, 2015 Indeed, Sullivan was just short in his birdie putt on the last hole and if that had dropped, he would have won the tournament outright. But he was to be given a major reprieve by Schwartzel, whose game crumbled in the latter stages: Stuart Franklin/Getty Images Schwartzel's game disintegrated in the latter stages of the round. The home crowd favourite hadn’t enjoyed his greatest day out on course but going into the 16th hole he had a three-shot lead intact and the title—one he’s yet to win—looked to be well within his grasp. But remarkably, the South African would be level with Sullivan walking down the last fairway needing a par putt to take the tournament to a playoff. Schwartzel took six at the par four 16th hole and dropped another shot at the 17th. He left himself a very long putt to win the tournament at the difficult last hole and although he missed that narrowly, a par meant that we were set for sudden death As noted by golf writer Shane Bacon, it was quite the collapse from the South African: Charl Schwartzel is giving us our first golf meltdown of 2015 right now on Golf Channel. Yikes. — Shane Bacon (@shanebacon) January 11, 2015 The momentum was clearly with Sullivan going into the sudden death showdown and he cut a relaxed figure on the practice range while waiting for the result from the course. Both players played poor opening shots in the playoff, but a stunning second shot from Sullivan got him close to the flag and he knocked in a putt for the championship from the edge of the green. Schwartzel will be left to reflect on his appalling collapse and another wonderful chance missed to win his home tournament. Round 3 Recap Stuart Franklin/Getty Images Charl Schwartzel established a commanding lead after Saturday's play in Ekurhuleni, the South African shooting a superb round off 66 to move to the top of the leaderboard on 13 under par and into pole position ahead of Sunday's final round. Johannesburg-born Schwartzel sits five shots ahead of the second-placed pair, Matthew Fitzpatrick and Scotsman David Drysdale, who are on eight under. Andy Sullivan,	1985 British Open Golf Tournament Winner and Scores By Brent Kelley Updated December 18, 2015. As the 1985 British Open got under way, it had been 16 years since any Briton won the Open Championship. Sandy Lyle put an end to that streak. The Scotsman was a 10-time winner on the European Tour and had three appearances in Ryder Cups , but had posted only one Top 10 finish in a major at this point in his career. Bernhard Langer - who won the 1985 Masters a couple months earlier - and 2-time major winner David Graham were the leaders entering the final round, three strokes in front of Lyle. But it was Lyle, not the previous major winners, who held his nerve. Graham and Langer both carded final-round 75s and finished tied for third. Lyle got round Royal St. George's in 70, holding off a charging Payne Stewart (68) for the win. Lyle held a one-stroke lead as he reached the final hole, but his approach shot missed the green. His chip then failed to get over a hump and the ball rolled right back down to his feel. Lyle made bogey and waited to see what those golfers still behind him would do. continue reading below our video What Size Bike Should I Buy? But Graham and Langer made multiple bogeys each over their final few holes, while Stewart's charge came up short. Lyle later added a second major at the 1988 Masters . For future 3-time major winner Stewart, this was his best finish in a major to date. He also was runner-up in the 1990 Open . The 1985 British Open was the last one with a double cut - one cut after the second round, another cut following the third round. In ensuing years, the tournament used only a single cut after the second round. The last Briton prior to Lyle to win the Open was Tony Jacklin in 1969 , and young Lyle was in the gallery that day around the 18th hole, watching as Jacklin clinched the win. 1985 British Open Golf Tournament Scores Results from the 1985 British Open golf tournament played on the par-71 Royal St. George's Golf Club in Sandwich, Kent, England (a-amateur): Sandy Lyle	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,482	From which country did Kosovo achieve independence in 2008?	Kosovo profile - BBC News BBC News Read more about sharing. Close share panel Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in February 2008, after years of strained relations between its Serb and mainly Albanian inhabitants. It has been recognised by the United States and major European Union countries, but Serbia, backed by its powerful ally Russia, refuses to do so, as do most ethnic Serbs inside Kosovo. After the break-up of the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Serbia responded to separatist pressure from Kosovo by launching a brutal crackdown on the territory's Albanian population, which was only brought to an end by Nato military intervention in 1999. Until 2008 the province was administered by the UN. Reconciliation between the majority Albanians, most of whom support independence, and the Serb minority remains elusive. Broke away from Serbia in 2008. UN-administered Capital Pristina Area 10,887 sq km (4,212 sq miles) Major languages Albanian, Serbian Image copyright Getty Images President: Hashim Thaci Hashim Thaci was elected by parliament to the largely ceremonial role in February 2016, at the end of a day marked by violent protests by the opposition which did not want him to be president. Mr Thaci was a guerrilla leader during a conflict that led to Kosovo's independence. He has played an important role in Kosovo's politics for nearly two decades, most recently as foreign minister from 2014 until his election as president. He served two terms as prime minister, from 2008 until 2010 and from 2011 until December 2014. He also served as prime minister of the provisional government of Kosovo between 1999 and 2001 and oversaw Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008. He has been the chairman of the Democratic Party of Kosovo since May 2000. Mr Thaci fell out with many opposition groups after helping to negotiate with Serbia a deal that gave more autonomy to Kosovo's minority Serbs. Prime minister: Isa Mustafa Parliament elected veteran politician Isa Mustafa to head a broad coalition government in November 2014, ending the six-month political deadlock that gripped Kosovo since snap elections earlier in the year. He replaced Hashim Thaci, who had served as premier since independence was declared in 2008. Mr Thaci's Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) won the most votes in the June 2014 poll, with Mr Mustafa's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) following close behind. Neither party was able to form a government without the other and finally agreed to team up. MEDIA Television is the most popular medium. Most households have cable, meaning that domestic stations face strong competition from popular channels based in Albania. Public broadcaster RTK was set up as an editorially independent service. Some 84% of the population was online by 2015. Some key dates in Kosovo's history: Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, a Serb nationalist, stripped Kosovo of autonomy. Serbs regard Kosovo as the birthplace of their nation 1st century AD - The Romans gain control of the area, populated by a people known as Dardani, who are thought to be either Illyrian or Thracian in origin. 6th century - Slavs begin to settle in the area, which slips from Roman/Byzantine control and becomes a disputed border area. 12th century - Serbia gains control of Kosovo, which goes on to become the heart of the Serbian empire. The period sees the building of many Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries. 1389 - Epic Battle of Kosovo heralds 500 years of Turkish Ottoman rule. Over the centuries the religious and ethnic balance tips in favour of Muslims and Albanians. 1912 - Balkan Wars: Serbia regains control of Kosovo from the Turks. 1946 - Kosovo is absorbed into the Yugoslav federation. 1974 - Yugoslav constitution recognises the autonomous status of Kosovo, giving the province de facto self-government. 1990 - Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic strips Kosovo of its autonomy and imposes Serbian administration on the territory, prompting Albanian protests. 1991 - Start of the violent b	Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,483	Sir Titus Salt, the first manufacturer of alpaca fabrics in this country, built a model village to house his employees, what name did he give to it?	Full text of "Sir Titus Salt, baronet: his life and its lessons" See other formats This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. 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You can search through the full text of this book on the web at \|http : //books . google . com/ Sir Titus Salt, baronet: his life and its lessons Robert Balqarnie, Titus Salt , '/ HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY FROM THE FUND OF FREDERICK ATHEARN LANE OF NEW YORK Class of 1849 d by Google Digi tized by Google Digi tized by Google Digi tized by Google Digi tized by Google ??^4 V SIR TITUS SALT, BARONET: HIS LIFE AND ITS LESSONS. Digi tized by Google OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " Mr. Balgarnie has narrated his history with great good taste and admirable tact. It is the history of a religious man told by a reli^ous man. It is Iod^ since we read a memoir more admirably written, more mteresting in itself, or more likely to touch purpose with the best impulses. — British Quarterly Review. "Mr. Balgamie has done his work with good taste and simplicity. " — Freeman. " Few modem biographies are more full of practical lessons than that of Sir Titus Salt. The book belore us is sure to be widely read and greatly	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,484	Who wrote the sonnet 'How do I love thee'?	How Do I Love Thee? (Sonnet 43) - Poems \| Academy of American Poets Academy of American Poets The Academy of American Poets is the largest membership-based nonprofit organization fostering an appreciation for contemporary poetry and supporting American poets. For over three generations, the Academy has connected millions of people to great poetry through programs such as National Poetry Month, the largest literary celebration in the world; Poets.org, the Academy’s popular website; American Poets, a biannual literary journal; and an annual series of poetry readings and special events. Since its founding, the Academy has awarded more money to poets than any other organization. browse poems & poets sign up to receive a new poem-a-day in your inbox sign up When You Are Old by W. B. Yeats Love by Samuel Taylor Coleridge poetic forms read this poet's poems Born in 1806 at Coxhoe Hall, Durham, England, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was an English poet of the Romantic Movement . The oldest of twelve children, Elizabeth was the first in her family born in England in over two hundred years. For centuries, the Barrett family, who were part Creole, had lived in Jamaica, where they owned sugar plantations and relied on slave labor. Elizabeth's father, Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett, chose to raise his family in England, while his fortune grew in Jamaica. Educated at home, Elizabeth apparently had read passages from Paradise Lost and a number of Shakespearean plays, among other great works, before the age of ten. By her twelfth year, she had written her first "epic" poem, which consisted of four books of rhyming couplets. Two years later, Elizabeth developed a lung ailment that plagued her for the rest of her life. Doctors began treating her with morphine, which she would take until her death. While saddling a pony when she was fifteen, Elizabeth also suffered a spinal injury. Despite her ailments, her education continued to flourish. Throughout her teenage years, Elizabeth taught herself Hebrew so that she could read the Old Testament; her interests later turned to Greek studies. Accompanying her appetite for the classics was a passionate enthusiasm for her Christian faith. She became active in the Bible and Missionary Societies of her church. In 1826, Elizabeth anonymously published her collection An Essay on Mind and Other Poems. Two years later, her mother passed away. The slow abolition of slavery in England and mismanagement of the plantations depleted the Barretts's income, and in 1832, Elizabeth's father sold his rural estate at a public auction. He moved his family to a coastal town and rented cottages for the next three years, before settling permanently in London. While living on the sea coast, Elizabeth published her translation of Prometheus Bound (1833), by the Greek dramatist Aeschylus. Gaining attention for her work in the 1830s, Elizabeth continued to live in her father's London house under his tyrannical rule. He began sending Elizabeth's younger siblings to Jamaica to help with the family's estates. Elizabeth bitterly opposed slavery and did not want her siblings sent away. During this time, she wrote The Seraphim and Other Poems (1838), expressing Christian sentiments in the form of classical Greek tragedy. Due to her weakening disposition, she was forced to spend a year at the sea of Torquay accompanied by her brother Edward, whom she referred to as "Bro." He drowned later that year while sailing at Torquay, and Browning returned home emotionally broken, becoming an invalid and a recluse. She spent the next five years in her bedroom at her father's home. She continued writing, however, and in 1844 produced a collection entitled simply Poems. This volume gained the attention of poet Robert Browning , whose work Elizabeth had praised in one of her poems, and he wrote her a letter. Elizabeth and Robert, who was six years her junior, exchanged 574 letters over the next twenty months. Immortalized in 1930 in the play The Barretts of Wimpole Street, by Rudolf Besier (1878-1942), their romance was bitterly opposed by her fa	Frankie Goes To Hollywood - Welcome To The Pleasuredome at Discogs 1984 Notes: "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" is the title track to the 1984 debut album by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. The lyrics of the song were inspired by the poem Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In March 1985, the album track was substantially abridged and remixed for release as the group's "fourth" UK single, however it only reached number 2 and was kept of the top spot by Philip Bailey & Phil Collins -Easy Lover. While criticized at the time of release and afterward for being a song that glorifies debauchery, the lyrics (and video) make clear that the point of the song, just as Coleridge's poem, is about the dangers of this kind of lifestyle. Despite the group's record label (ZTT) pre-emptively promoting the single as "their fourth number one", an achievement that would have set a new UK record for consecutive number one singles by a debuting artist, "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" peaked at number two in the UK singles chart, being kept off the top spot by the Phil Collins/Philip Bailey duet "Easy Lover". The single spent a total of eleven weeks on the UK chart. It was the first release by the group not to reach number one and, despite representing a creditable success in its own right, it symbolically confirmed the end of the chart invincibility that the group had enjoyed during 1984. Frankie Goes to Hollywood would not release another record for seventeen months, and they would ultimately fail to emulate their past glories upon their return. The spoken-word introductions to both 12-inch mixes are adapted from Walter Kaufmann's 1967 translation of Friedrich Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy. The recitation on the first 12-inch ("Real Altered") is by Gary Taylor, whilst that on the second 12-inch ("Fruitness") and the cassette is by actor Geoffrey Palmer. It is unknown whether Palmer's concluding "Welcome To The Pleasuredrome" was a genuine mistake or a deliberately scripted one. This is the only single from the group that was not released on a CD single at that time. "Relax", "Two Tribes" and "The Power of Love" all saw a CD-maxi release in Germany at the end of the 80's. "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" was not given such a release. All releases featured either a short, long or even longer version of "Get It On", originally recorded for a BBC Radio 1 session in 1983, plus a faded or full length version of "Happy Hi!", the only brand-new song to appear on the single. Both "Relax (International)" and "Born To Run" are faux-live recordings (i.e. with studio overdubs), based on an actual live appearance on The Tube's "Europe A-Go-Go" in Newcastle during early January 1985. The video, by Bernard Rose, features the group stealing a car, going to a carnival and encountering all manner of deceptively "pleasureable" activities. The audio soundtrack of the video was included as part of the cassette single. In 1984, a few months prior to the album's release, an early instrumental version of the album track was issued as a promotional 12-inch single, entitled "Welcome to the Pleasuredome (Pleasure Fix)", along with a similar early instrumental of "The Only Star in Heaven" (subtitled "Star Fix"). These tracks were subsequently given wider release as part of the B-side to the second 12-inch of "The Power of Love" single. "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" was also used on several promotional records in the USA during 1985, featuring the following tracks in various combinations: The first UK 7-inch mix of the track ("Altered Real"), labelled "Trevor Horn Remix". An edited version of the album track created by the Sacramento radio station KZAP, and known as "Welcome to the Pleasuredome (KZAP Edit)" (6:22) A version of the second UK 7-inch mix ("Alternative Reel") with a new introduction added, and known as "Welcome to the Pleasuredome (Urban Mix)" (8:08). This is on the Bang! Japanese album and CD. A slightly edited (spoken introduction removed) version of "Relax (International)" (4:26) The track has periodically been reissued as a single, including during 1993 and 200	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,485	Which English football club is nicknamed ‘The Black Cats’?	Sunderland AFC and the black cat Sunderland AFC and the black cat For the majority of its history, Sunderland AFC never had an 'official' nickname. However, in 2000 there was a vote on the official club website; as the available alternative names were "The Mackems", "The SOLs", "The Miners" and "The Light Brigade", it's not too surprising that Blackcats came out as the clear winner in a poll of over 11,000 people. A smart new logo featuring a rather sleek and muscular cat was introduced, and the Blackcats brand was born. Notwithstanding some scepticism over modern marketing methods, there is a genuine historic SAFC connection with the nickname "Blackcats", definitely going back over 90 years and possibly longer. In January 1909, Sunderland were going through what was for them a relatively lean spell. It had been seven years since we had won the League, and the team which was to win the Championship with a record number of points and get to the Cup Final in 1913 was only just starting to come together. A 4-1 home defeat to Liverpool on New Years Day 1909 left the club in the bottom half of the First Division. When the players came into the dressing room the following day before the game against Bury, they found a stray black cat in residence. Sunderland won 3-1 that day, despite Harry Low missing a penalty, and this coincidence started the "lucky black cat" story. A fortnight later when we went to Bramall Lane and won 3-2 in the FA Cup after being 0-2 down in the second half, the feline mascot was offically adopted by the players. By the end of January 1909, the Sunderland Echo reported of the cat: "there has been a big demand for its portrait, more having been disposed of than of all the players put together". The thousands who went to Newcastle for the FA Cup quarter final that season had black cat mascots adorned with red and white ribbons. The "lucky" tag didn't last for the remainder of the 1908-09 season; Sunderland lost 0-3 at home to Newcastle in the FA Cup replay, George Holley missing a penalty when the score was 0-0. However, the club mascot remained popular and was featured in many cartoons and drawings of the period, particularly popular on Wearside when victorious against a magpie (a verminous creature reputed to have been the mascot of some lesser local rival). For Sunderland's first FA Cup Final appearance in front of a world record crowd at Crystal Palace, many supporters wore badges and pictures of black cats, while the cat featured on much of the souvenir literature of the event. A picture from 1913 of what is believed to be the original black cat is pictured left, complete with ribbon; there have of course been many variations on this over the years. Ever since then the black cat has featured as part of Sunderland AFC at all times, whether in early portraits and badges, oversized cardboard cutouts (particularly popular between the wars), the Supporters Association since its formation in the 1960s, the Roker Park club suite, those plastic inflatables of the late 1980s, or of course the Sunderland fans mailing list, which started in 1993. So, it's certainly not a "made-up" nickname, though for most of its history it was an unofficial one. Black Cats - alternative origins or myths? Note: there is emphatically no "axe to grind" in listing the following as being historically uncertain. These explanations are all of very recent origin, and some do appear rather dubious and contrived. If, however, anyone can come up with good historic evidence confirming the origin of any of these, we'd be delighted to correct this article. Civil War It has been claimed that "Black Cats" is a corruption of "Blaw Caps", referring to the blue headgear of Scottish troops stationed on Wearside during the English Civil War. However, no link in usage is known from then to the present, to the formation of Sunderland AFC, or even to the military references below. It has not been possible to confirm that the headgear of any Scottish troops in Wearside was blue. Napoleonic Wars There have been various suggestions for a later military o	Blackburn didn't buy the Premier League title in 1995 – they earned it \| Football \| The Guardian When Saturday Comes Blackburn didn't buy the Premier League title in 1995 – they earned it Jack Walker's wealth helped Kenny Dalglish, but Rovers spent less money than Manchester United and their other challengers Alan Shearer celebrates winning the Premier League title on 14 May 1995 after Blackburn lose 2-1 to Liverpool at Anfield. Photograph: Getty Images Jimmy Pierce for When Saturday Comes, part of the Guardian Sport Network Wednesday 23 October 2013 05.14 EDT First published on Wednesday 23 October 2013 05.14 EDT Share on Messenger Close Ask anyone to summarise how Blackburn managed to win their first League title for 81 years and they will undoubtedly recall Jack Walker's wealth, Alan Shearer's goals and his SAS partnership with Chris Sutton – probably in that order. A quick internet search generates season reviews which invariably but frustratingly convey the message that "moneybags" Blackburn "bought their way to the title". While Rovers owe a huge debt of gratitude to their generous benefactor, which their fans continue to vociferously acknowledge, the emphasis on money is unjust and the assertion that they only won the league because of it is ignorant of the facts and holds no weight. To win a league, a team must invest in playing staff. Rovers admittedly spent a considerable amount on their strike force, twice breaking the British transfer record and parting with £8.3 million, while also signing Tim Flowers in a record deal for a goalkeeper. However, in terms of financial outlay on the first team that won the league, that is just about it. There is a mistaken assumption that the club also spent heavily on Graeme Le Saux, Colin Hendry and captain Tim Sherwood, perhaps because they became indispensable so quickly and were sold on for big profit. In fact, all three were acquired on the cheap: Hendry for £700,000, the same price the club sold him for two years earlier; Le Saux, who was out of favour at Chelsea, for around the same and Sherwood from Norwich City for a mere £400,000. However, based on calculations of the reported transfer fees for the roughly first choice starting XIs of both clubs in the 1994-95 season (taking into account injuries and long-term suspension), Rovers spent far less than the incumbent champions, Manchester United . Peter Schmeichel, Denis Irwin, Steve Bruce, Gary Pallister, Andrei Kanchelskis, Paul Ince, Roy Keane, Ryan Giggs, Brian McClair, Mark Hughes and Andy Cole cost £19.33m. Whereas Flowers, Henning Berg, Hendry, Ian Pearce, Le Saux, Stuart Ripley, Mark Atkins, Sherwood, Jason Wilcox, Shearer and Sutton set Rovers back a comparatively low £14.7m. Given that these squads – in particular United's – took years to assemble, perhaps a fairer assessment would be to look at the 1994-95 spend in isolation. Even on this basis, United's outlay exceeded their rivals'. Comparisons with other clubs are also favourable. Blackburn's entire back four cost less than Newcastle paid for Darren Peacock and less than half of the sum required to bring Phil Babb and John Scales to Liverpool. In Carlton Palmer, Leeds United spent more on a single midfielder than Rovers did across their starting midfield four – illustrating that Rovers' spending was largely limited to their front two and not wasted unlike so many others. How Blackburn happened to accidentally hoodwink so many into believing this "bought the league" fallacy is partly because of their wilful blindness to some of Kenny Dalglish's shrewd forays in the transfer market and abundance of unsung heroes. Take Atkins, for example. Signed from Scunthorpe United for £45,000 as a right-back, he filled in for the injured David Batty in central midfield and made 30 league appearances during the title-winning campaign, scoring six times – the well timed volley at home to Southampton being the pick of a number of sweet strikes. Other astute additions to play major roles included Berg, who was a relatively unknown 23-year-old at the time of his move from Lill	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,486	Which BBC Local Radio Station began as Radio Blackburn in 1971?	BBC - iPlayer Radio iPlayer Radio About BBC Radio Lancashire What is BBC Radio Lancashire? BBC Radio Lancashire is the BBC's local radio station serving Lancashire (its editorial area). It broadcasts a wide mix of local news, sport, information, conversation, music and entertainment, reflecting life in the Red Rose county. What is the remit of BBC Radio Lancashire? The station offers a range of news and information about the editorial area along with national and international news. We like getting out and about to broadcast from locations around the county every day. Our programmes range from a three hour weekday breakfast show through to an eclectic music programme together with celebrities and the culture of Lancashire. BBC Radio Lancashire covers a thriving sporting patch with football commentaries plus reports on a range of other sporting activities. We follow Lancashire County Cricket plus the range of other sports that feature Lancastrians, from boxing to squash; cycling to hockey. Although most listeners are over 50, the station aims to appeal to anyone who is interested in the editorial area. If you wish to comment further on the remit of BBC local radio, you can contact BBC Feedback or BBC Complaints . History of BBC Radio Lancashire BBC Radio Lancashire launched on 4th July 1981 but was previously known as BBC Radio Blackburn. The station began broadcasting on 26th January 1971 but expanded to cover the whole of the county in the 1980’s. The style and sound of the station has changed over the years, but community and companionship remains at the heart of all we do. FAQ	BBC Radio 2 folk DJ Mike Harding hits out at boss after sacking \| Media \| The Guardian BBC Radio 2 folk DJ Mike Harding hits out at boss after sacking Veteran presenter to be replaced by Mark Radcliffe after 15 years presenting Folk Show Mike Harding says controller Bob Shennan only rang him once and that was to sack him. Photograph: Jude Edginton/BBC Wednesday 17 October 2012 12.07 EDT First published on Wednesday 17 October 2012 12.07 EDT Close This article is 4 years old BBC Radio 2 presenter Mike Harding, who has been axed as presenter of the station's folk music show after 15 years, has hit out at its controller Bob Shennan, saying the only time he rang him was to sack him. Harding will be replaced in the new year by another Radio 2 presenter, Mark Radcliffe, his first primetime show on Radio 2 since he switched to 6 Music last year. "In 15 years I have built the programme from 70,000 listeners to 860,000 listeners. In all that time I have never had a single phone call from Radio 2 to say I was doing a good job even though I instituted things like the Folk Awards with my producer John [Leonard]. I built that show up over the years with a lot of hard work because it is music that is in my blood," Harding said. "Last Tuesday I got the only phone call I have ever had from Radio 2 – from Bob Shennan – telling me he was pulling me from the programme. No reason was given beyond that they wanted to make it more 'live'. No other presenter was mentioned." Harding, who currently pre-records the show, said he could have broadcast it live if requested. He will continue to present the Wednesday evening slot for the rest of the year, with his last show on Boxing Day. "I will continue to do it with the professionalism that I have always done," said the singer and comedian who had his own show on BBC2 . Harding, who is also known as the "Rochdale Cowboy" after his 1975 chart hit, turns 68 later this month. He said age should have nothing to do with presenting. "Folk music spans the generations," he said. "Young people don't care how old I am as long as I know what I'm talking about. I'm a player, I'm a musician. It's my life." Radcliffe, who currently presents a late-night show on Radio 2 alongside his afternoon 6 Music show, which he co-hosts with Stuart Maconie, said: "I can't say how thrilled and honoured I am to be doing this. "I am also well aware of how loved and cherished Mike Harding is and it is daunting to be following in his footsteps. He is a friend and someone I respect enormously and I really want to pay tribute to the sterling job he's done on the Folk Show for so long. Thanks Mike, from all of us." Shennan described Radcliffe as a "firm favourite with Radio 2 listeners [with] unrivalled broadcasting credentials and longstanding passion, knowledge and hands-on experience of folk music". The Radio 2 and 6 Music controller added: "I'd like to thank Mike Harding, who has spent 15 years at the top of his game, delighting fans with his expertise and rooting out the very best folk music. "On his watch, folk has enjoyed a huge surge in popularity and Mike has been key in supporting the genre and introducing Radio 2 listeners to a broad range of new artists. We very much hope to work with him again in the future." • To contact the MediaGuardian news desk email editor@mediatheguardian.com or phone 020 3353 3857. For all other inquiries please call the main Guardian switchboard on 020 3353 2000. If you are writing a comment for publication, please mark clearly "for publication". • To get the latest media news to your desktop or mobile, follow MediaGuardian on Twitter and Facebook . TalkSport has also held talks with DJ's agent after BBC London show was axed, prompting an on-air tirade from presenter. By John Plunkett Published: 2 Nov 2012	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,487	The brothers in The Kinks were Ray and ... ?	The Kinks reunion? Not since Ray Davies stamped on bother Dave's birthday cake \| Daily Mail Online comments First off, Dave Davies wants to spell something out. There will not be reunion of The Kinks. Not now. Not in the future. Never. ‘I think the music is so beautiful it shouldn’t be tainted,’ he says. ‘It would be a shame. You don’t need to see silly old men in wheelchairs singing You Really Got Me.’ The problem is that there’s another ‘silly old man’ — fellow Kink and Dave’s older brother Ray — who thinks otherwise. Just a few weeks ago, he insisted Dave was ‘coming round’ to the idea of a reunion. Dave sighs. ‘Ray’s an a*hole,’ he says . Brotherly love: Ray (left) and Dave were often at each other's throats You see, Ray and Dave - the brothers behind one of the biggest rock bands of the Sixties, whose hits include Waterloo Sunset - don’t exactly see eye to eye. In fact, they never have. Their volatile relationship, littered with violent bust-ups, is one of the longest running feuds in rock ’n’ roll. And while this creative tension was responsible for much of The Kinks’ success, it has also driven both brothers half-crazy. Dave sought escape in drugs and more recently in spirituality. And Ray attempted suicide (he was later diagnosed with bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression). Ray is now 66 and Dave 63, so isn’t it time to, well, let bygones be bygones? It seems not. They communicate - when they have to on business matters - by email and rarely see one another. This week, when asked how his brother was, Ray replied: ‘Don’t know, don’t talk to him. Dave’s a very proud man. I don’t know what his problem is apart from pride.’ For his part, Dave can’t remember if it’s two or three years since he last saw his brother. ‘You’ve heard of vampires,’ says Dave. ‘Well, Ray sucks me dry of ideas, emotions and creativity. It’s toxic for me to be with him. He’s a control freak. ‘I hate to say it, but it’s got worse since he met the Queen [Ray received a CBE in 2004]. In his mind, it’s given him more validity, more “I’m better than you”, more “I’m superior”. With him, it’s “me, me, me”. He thinks he is The Kinks. ‘When I think of all the beautiful music we made, it wouldn’t have been the same if I or Pete Quaife hadn’t been there.’ Quaife is the reason for the brothers’ latest bust-up. Ray wanted Dave to perform at a memorial for The Kinks’ bass guitarist, who died in June, insisting: ‘Even the Mafia get together and make up when someone dies. If only for the funeral.’ But Dave refused. ‘Ray wanting me to come back into the fold is to make him look good. He had an album coming out,’ he says. ‘He’s cancelled the memorial, which again will be my fault. But after Pete died, I had my own private service for him on my website. I asked Elizabeth, Pete’s girlfriend, and his brother David to join me in sending Pete our love and they were happy to. ‘I wrote a few prayers and made my peace with Pete. I wasn’t going to get involved in using Pete as a PR exercise to bolster Ray’s vanity.’ Explosive relationship: The two brothers were at the creative heart of The Kinks, seen here in 1964 He lowers his voice. ‘We must be careful. We might be feeding Ray’s illness by making him think he’s more interesting than he is.’ What illness? ‘He’s a narcissist,’ says Dave. ‘I walked into a bookshop a month ago and picked up Tony Blair’s autobiography. I looked at the picture and felt sick. I thought: ‘‘Hello, he’s got the same thing [as Ray]. It’s some sort of grandiose disorder.’’ ’ Dave, you see, claims to be something of an expert on vanity and self-delusion. He has spent ‘a good part of my adult life studying metaphysics and psychology’. Since when exactly? ‘When I first started to realise what an a**hole Ray was. I thought I’m going to investigate this.’ Oh dear. Ray and Dave come from a close-knit, working-class family. They were the only boys out of eight children and had a contented childhood in North London. Wouldn’t their poor mum be turning in her grave now that her sons are at each other’s throats? ‘I should have listene	Best Ten British Bands - Britain ExplorerBritain Explorer Best Ten British Bands By: admin Comments: Comments Off on Best Ten British Bands Here’s the list of the Top Ten British Bands of all time. That’s right – “Bands” – so no solo artists. Please note that in order to qualify as a band the members had to actively play musical instruments. This has ruled out almost all female pop groups such as the Spice girls, All Saints and Bananarama. You can be absolutely certain that people are going to disagree with these rankings … and if we’d used different criteria then the order would definitely be different. This list was compiled using factors such as originality and social / cultural impact which means that some bands you might expect to see just didn’t make the cut. Also … a big factor is not just the number of #1’s a band achieved but the overall staying power and current interest based on the monthly number of searches carried out though the internet search engines – and you can’t get more democratic than that. All figures used were based on the best available in the public domain but if you know of a more accurate figure and an official source have we’ll be happy to adjust the scores and re-rank the band. Hope you enjoy. 10. THE KINKS 1964-1996 49% Recognised as one of the most important British groups in the evolution of the UK music scene, The Kinks continue to attract interest and listeners nearly four decades after they were formed.Originally from Muswell Hill in London, The Kinks achieved tremendous success in Britain and later in America. Active between 1964 and 1996 the band was made up of Ray and Dave Davies, Pete Quaife and Mick Avory. During their career the band notched up three Number One hits in the British Charts: 'You Really Got Me' (1964), 'Tired of Waiting for You' (1965) and 'Sunny Afternoon' (1966). During their career they released a remarkable 24 studio albums and were recognised as an important part of the British invasion that made UK music so popular in the USA Current Interest: 9. OASIS 1991-2009* 55% Oasis were formed in 1991 and rapidly rose to fame with the media often commenting on the similarities between the group and The Beatles. Long term public interest in the group has remained good but not exceptional. Throughout the band's life span it was dominated by the charismatic Gallagher brothers - Liam and Noel - from Manchester. Their sound, not wholly original but nevertheless appealing, drew its inspiration from earlier Rock bands such as The Who, Stone Roses, Bee Gees, Slade and T-Rex. Largely an Alternative Rock group, the band were labeled part of the Britpop movement even though they never wanted this association. They achieved eight Number One Hits in the UK charts which included: 'Some Might Say' (1995), 'Don't Look Back in Anger' (1996), 'D'You Know What I Mean?' (1997), 'All Around the World' (1998), 'Go Let It Out' (2000), 'The Hindu Times' (2002), 'Lyla' (2005) and 'The Importance of Being Idle' (2005). In 2010 the Guinness World Records book listed Oasis as the “Longest Top 10 UK Chart Run by a Group” in the history of music. A remarkable band that for a time dominated the British music scene. Current Interest: 8. GENESIS 1967-1998 \| 2006-2013 55.05% Genesis were formed in 1967 and went on to become one of the best-selling British bands of all time. The key members of the group have included: Tony Banks, Mike Rutherford, Phil Collins and Peter Gabriel. Other members included: Anthony Phillips, Chris Stewart, John Silver, John Mayhew, Mick Barnard, Steve Hackett and Ray Wilson. Early Genesis music was considered quite experimental but as time progressed the band developed a very recognisable sound based on a combination of Progressive and Symphonic Rock. Officially, the band never achieved a No. 1 hit in the UK but did develop a very large base of loyal fans. Some of the best Genesis music emerged during the first Phil Collins era and included tracks such as: 'Eleventh Earl of Mar' (1971), 'Abacab' (1981) and 'Tonight, Tonight, Tonight' (1986). The longevity of the band is	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,488	Which BBC crime drama stars Idris Elba in the title role?	The Wire actor Idris Elba to star in new BBC1 crime drama \| Television & radio \| The Guardian The Wire The Wire actor Idris Elba to star in new BBC1 crime drama The Wire's Idris Elba takes title role in Luther, crime series that reveals killer at start of each show The Wire actor Idris Elba is to take the lead role in a new BBC1 crime series, Luther. Photograph: Felix Clay/Felix Clay Friday 4 September 2009 02.22 EDT First published on Friday 4 September 2009 02.22 EDT Close This article is 7 years old The Wire actor Idris Elba is to star in a new BBC1 crime drama, Luther, about a detective who is "simmering with anger and rage". London-born Elba, who played the drug dealer Stringer Bell in the acclaimed Baltimore crime drama, will play the title role of John Luther in the new six-part BBC1 drama. The series will take the crime genre and turn it on its head, according to the BBC , with viewers knowing the identity of the murderer from the start of each episode in a bid to focus the drama on the "psychic duel between hunter and quarry, who sometimes have more in common than either would like to think". Elba said: "He's a challenging and exciting character because he's so complex. While he's capable of great kindness and loyalty, sometimes he steps over the edge of madness – simmering with anger and rage." Elba previously complained in a Guardian interview in May about the lack of roles on British TV for black actors, saying he had to go to Hollywood to get his break. "Unlike here, in the US there are lead roles for black actors … I realised that if I wanted to be all I could be, I would have to go to the US," he said. The drama is being written by the suspense novelist Neil Cross, who was the lead writer on Spooks for the last two series, and it will be made in-house by the BBC. Filming begins this autumn for transmission next year. "It's an intense psychological thriller which examines not only human depravity but the complex nature of love … and how it's often this – our finest attribute – that leads us into darkness," said Cross. Luther was commissioned by Ben Stephenson, the controller of BBC drama commissioning, and Jay Hunt, the controller of BBC1, with Philippa Giles executive producing and Katie Swinden producing. • To contact the MediaGuardian news desk email editor@mediatheguardian.com or phone 020 3353 3857. For all other inquiries please call the main Guardian switchboard on 020 3353 2000. • If you are writing a comment for publication, please mark clearly "for publication".	Amazon.com: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation: Season 1: George Eads, Paul Guilfoyle, Eric Szmanda, Robert David Hall, Marg Helgenberger, Jorja Fox, David Berman, William Petersen, Gary Dourdan: Movies & TV Disc 1: Pilot, Cool Change; Crate and Burial; Pledging Mr. Johnson Disc 2: Friends and Lovers; Who Are You?; Blood Drops; Anonymous Disc 3: Unfriendly Skies; Sex, Lies and Larvae; I-15 Murders; Fahrenheit 932 Disc 4: Boom; To Halve and to Hold; Table Stakes; Too Tough to Die Disc 5: Face Lift; $35K O.B.O; Gentle, Gentle; Sounds of Silence Disc 6: Justice is Served; Evaluation Day; Strip Strangler Disk 6 of the DVD also includes the following special features: * Featurette: "CSI: People Lie...But The Evidence Never Does" * The Who's "Who Are You" Music Video * Character Profiles Amazon.com Murder, and its tale-telling aftermath, is the compelling subject of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. Since it premiered on CBS on October 6, 2000, CSI was a ratings triumph, spawning a spinoff (CSI: Miami) and positioning itself for long-term success. As the first season demonstrates, creator Anthony Zuiker's foolproof formula was established early on, bolstered by a fine ensemble cast and requiring minimal tweaking as the season progressed; its Las Vegas-based "criminalists" eventually became "CSI" steeped in the scientific minutiae of forensic investigation, but the series arrived essentially intact, with an irresistible (and seemingly inexhaustible) supply of corpses and the mysteries that surround them. Influenced by the graphic precedent of movies like Seven and Kiss the Girls, CSI matches morbidity with dispassionate methodology; viewers are so fascinated by the investigative process that they're unfazed by intimate autopsies and internal (i.e., digitally animated) views of traumatized flesh, bone, and sinew. While keeping abreast of cutting-edge technologies, CSI combines the ingenuity (and fallibility) of villains with the appealing humanity of its heroes. CSI director and entomologist Gil Grissom (played by series coproducer William Petersen) is introverted but ethically intense; he's both mentor and moral compass for his night-shift team, including a former stripper-turned-CSI (Marg Helgenberger); a recovering gambler (Gary Dourdan); an eager ace (George Eads) with room for improvement; a workaholic (Jorja Fox) who can't always remain emotionally detached from her cases; and a chief detective (Paul Guilfoyle) who's a necessary link to police procedure. Like The X-Files, CSI supports its characters with feature-film production values, employing a Rashomon structure that turns murder into a progressively accurate study of cause and effect. Script quality is consistently high ("Blood Drops" and "Unfriendly Skies" are exceptional), direction is slick and sophisticated, and the mysteries are complex enough to invite multiple viewings. Despite a regrettable shortage of DVD features, CSI's inaugural season remains addictively worthy of its lofty reputation. --Jeff Shannon Special Features	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,489	Shelina Permalloo won which TV show in 2012?	Shelina Permalloo wins MasterChef 2012 final \| Radio Times Shelina Permalloo wins MasterChef 2012 final Sunny Mauritian chef triumphs in the culinary contest for a ratings-winning cook-off Comments Written By 12:12 PM, 16 March 2012 Shelina Permalloo has won the MasterChef final, in a gripping competition climax that pulled in 5.6 million viewers, climbing to 6.21 million at 9:45pm when the winners were announced. The judges said the 29-year-old Tooting-based chef brought “sunshine to a plate” with a winning menu of octopus starter, mutton curry, and a dessert of mango cannelloni filled with lime curd. As only the second woman to take the title in eight years, a delighted Permalloo said: “I am completely and utterly overwhelmed. I never thought it would be me that would win. The guys were so amazing and I just never thought it could happen to me.” The 29-year-old who grew up in Southampton paid tribute to her Mauritian mother, who showed her how to cook in the traditional style of her country: “My mum is a brilliant cook. I learnt everything from her. I’m basically her sous chef. She taught me to cook by intuition: never by using scales, always by sight and taste. So I developed a strong palate from a young age. "I only ate Mauritian food growing up as it gave our family that affinity of being close to the island. Mauritian food is very frugal, which is great in these economic climates but at the same time full of flavour, heady with aromatics, nutritional and damn tasty." The talented young chef beat finalists Andrew Kojima and Tom Rennolds, winning over the judges with her upbeat personality as well as her cooking, and shining in challenges that included cooking for royalty in Thailand, serving a three-course meal for Michelin-starred chefs and preparing dishes for the judges themselves. John Torode said: "What Shelina has done throughout this competition is outstanding. She is a very special cook with an exceptional talent, who always wears a smile and cooks with care to assault the senses and bring sunshine to a plate." Although the series has not quite managed to achieve last year’s audiences, when the final grabbed the attention of 5.92 million viewers, it beat ITV1’s new romantic drama, Love Life, which was no match for the cookery final, averaging 3.92 million viewers, and losing more than a million viewers while on air. Like this? Share it.	BBC - BBC TV blog: Pointless: How I became the co-host Richard Osman \| 12:57 UK time, Wednesday, 6 July 2011 So Pointless started at 5.15pm on BBC One on Monday, launching with a week of celebrity programmes. We've already done over 100 shows on BBC Two and now we're making the big leap up to BBC One. Very exciting. In one swoop I will go from being "Whassisname, that bloke from that thing on BBC Two," to "Whassisname, that bloke from that thing on BBC One". Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman If you haven't seen it - for example, you might have a job - Pointless is a quiz show where you win by giving obscure answers to simple questions. We also like to have some fun along the way. The wonderful Alexander Armstrong is the host and I'm his 'pointless friend', providing extra facts, trying to tell jokes, and adding to the Brokeback Mountain -style sexual frisson of the show. I had never appeared on TV before. My background is behind the camera. First as a writer on shows like Have I Got News For You and Whose Line Is It Anyway? , and then as a producer on shows as varied as Deal Or No Deal , Total Wipeout and 8 Out Of 10 Cats . My new TV presenting career came as an unexpected but lovely surprise. So how did it happen? Well, my day job now is creative director of Endemol UK , and part of that role is trying to sell new shows to TV channels. The Endemol creative team had come up with the format for Pointless and we headed off to the BBC to do a run through of the show for the brilliant Liam Keelan and Pam Cavannagh, who run the whole of BBC Daytime. In this run through, the executive producer of Pointless, Tom Blakeson , played the role of the host, and I played the role of co-host. Liam and Pam were sufficiently impressed/hoodwinked that they bought the show. Hooray! Barney Harwood and Helen Skelton on Pointless Celebrities Alexander was the perfect choice as host - warm, witty, clever, sickeningly talented and handsome - but Liam and Pam wondered if I might like to be the co-host for real? I pretended to consider the offer for nearly two to three seconds, but inside I couldn't have been more excited. I love television, I love its presence in the corner of every living room in Britain, I love the sense of belonging that television uniquely can bring. To me, actually appearing on TV - in a quiz, my favourite thing, filming at BBC Televison Centre - is a dream come true. Excuse me while I get teary-eyed for a bit. I just hope you enjoy the show as much as we enjoy making it. So, that's the story so far. Now, though, it's the move to BBC One, to the slot filled so brilliantly for so long by Anne Robinson . We're not the Weakest Link ... hello. Richard Osman is the co-host of Pointless Celebrities and Pointless . Pointless Celebrities is a week of special episodes on BBC One at 5.15pm until Friday, 8 July. The regular quiz show Pointless resumes on BBC One at 5.15pm on Monday, 11 July. Comments made by writers on the BBC TV blog are their own opinions and not necessarily those of the BBC.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,490	Usually associated with monarchical and aristocratic titles, what is the term for a widow who holds a title or property derived from her deceased husband?	dowager - definition - What is ? What is ? dowager definition : dowager A dowager is a widow who holds a title or property—a "dower"—derived from her deceased husband. As an adjective, dowager usually appears in association with monarchical and aristocratic titles. In popular usage, the noun dowager may refer to any elderly widow, especially one of both wealth and dignity. ==Use== ===In the United Kingdom=== In the United Kingdom, the widow of a peer may continue to use the style she had during her husband's lifetime, e.g. "Countess of Loamshire", provided that his successor, if any, has no wife to bear the plain title. Otherwise she more properly prefixes either her forename or the word Dowager, e.g. "Jane, Countess of Loamshire" or "Dowager Countess of Loamshire" (In any case she would continue to be called "Lady Loamshire"). The term queen dowager is used in the United Kingdom and several other countries for the widow of a king. ==References==	Clarion Spring 2014 by Barton Court Grammar School (page 51) - issuu issuu Issuu on Google+ 51 16 Which pioneering American poet and story-teller wrote The Fall of the House of Usher and The Tell Tale Heart? 17 What were the respective family names of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet? 18 Which Russian writer wrote the 1866 book Crime and Punishment? 19 "Reader, I married him," appears in the conclusion of what Charlotte Bronte novel? 20 The ancient Greek concept of the 'three unities' advocated that a literary work should use a single plotline, single location, and what other single aspect? 21 Who wrote Brighton Rock (1938) and Our Man in Havana (1958)? 22 "In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice which I've been turning over in my mind ever since," is the start of which novel? 23 In the early 1900s a thriller was instead more commonly referred to as what sort of book? 24 Which novel begins "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife..."? 25 Japanese author and playwright Yukio Mishima committed what extreme act in 1970 while campaigning for Japan to restore its nationalistic principles? 26 Jonathan Harker's Journal and Dr Seward's Diary feature in what famous 1897 novel? 27 What is the technical name for a fourteen-lined poem in rhymed iambic pentameters? 28 "Make then laugh; make them cry; make them wait..." was a personal maxim of which novelist? 29 What term for a short, usually witty, poem or saying derives from the Greek words 'write' and 'on'? 30 What was the original title of the book on which the film Schindler's List was based? Mark out of 30 ? Answers窶馬o peeking before you have finished! 1 Novella, 2 Lord Alfred Tennyson , 3 Lady Chatterley's Lover, 4 Anne Brontﾃｫ, 5 Beowulf, 6 Existentialism, 7 Farce or farcical , 8 Magazine, 9 Isaac Newton , 10 Renaissance, 11 Copyright, 12 Metre, 13 Seventeen, 14 A Clockwork Orange, 15 Frankenstein, 16 Edgar Allen Poe , 17 Montague and Capulet, 18 Fyodor Dostoevsky , 19 Jane Eyre , 20 Time , 21 Graham Greene, 22 The Great Gatsby , 23 Shocker , 24 Pride and Prejudice , 25 Suicide, 26 Dracula , 27 Sonnet, 28 Charles Dickens, 29 Epigram , 30 Schindler's Ark Barton Court Grammar School Follow publisher Unfollow publisher Be the first to know about new publications.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,491	Where does Marsala wine come from?	What is Marsala Wine \| Wine Folly Articles , Fortified Wine , Intermediate What is Marsala Wine? Marsala wine is a fortified wine from Sicily. It’s commonly used for cooking to create rich caramelized sauces. There are two styles of Marsala to know for cooking and they are dry vs. sweet, but Marsala is so much more than a cooking wine! It can be made dry and fine enough for sipping, like Sherry or Madeira. Right now Marsala is undervalued. We hope to bring you up to speed on this unique wine that has some striking taste similarities to Madeira wine . True Marsala can only be made in Sicily. What does Marsala Taste Like? The most common flavors are vanilla, brown sugar, stewed apricot and tamarind. Marsala wine ranges from a nearly dry style to sappy sweet and are served slightly cool around 55° F . If you get the opportunity to try a high-end Marsala, you will experience a larger range of nuanced flavors including morello cherry, apple, dried fruits, honey, tobacco, walnut and licorice. FOOD PAIRING: Marsala wine pairs wonderfully with some hard-to-match foods such as asparagus, brussel sprouts and chocolate. What Makes Marsala Unique Marsala wine has a unique taste for two reasons: the use of only Sicilian indigenous grapes and a complex winemaking process. Making Marsala wine is complex: Marsala is fortified with brandy or neutral grape spirit usually made with regional grapes. A cooked grape must called ‘Mosto Cotto’ gives Amber Marsala its deep brown color. A sweetened fortified wine called ‘Mistella’ is often blended, made from Grillo grapes. High-end Marsala wines employ a special aging system called Soleras. Must is cooked for 36 hours to create “Mosto Cotto”. Image provided by Colombo Wines The Common Styles of Marsala Wine Marsala wine is split up into different styles based on the type of grapes used (white or mostly red) and the winemaking method. You’ll discover that most Marsala made for cooking is Fino or Fine Marsala which is actually the lowest quality level of the wine. Easy to Embed Copy/Paste the code. <br /> <a href="http://winefolly.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/types-of-marsala.jpg"><img src="http://winefolly.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/types-of-marsala.jpg" /></a> <p>Original Source: <a href="http://winefolly.com/review/marsala-wine/" title="Types of Marsala Wine" rel="dofollow">Types of Marsala Wine</a></p> <p> Marsala Wine and Cooking	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,492	What is the most southerly town in Chile, on the Straits of Magellan?	Humpback Whales \| Straits of Magellan \| Carlos III Island \| Parque Marino Francisco Coloane \| Chilean Patagonia \| Torres del Paine \| puma - www.fsexpeditions.com Map & Itinerary Chile's Whales and Pumas (Trip Code PAT05) Day 1 • Punta Arenas \| Drive to Port Famine\| Zodiac trip to San Isidro Lodge \| Hike to Bahía El Aguila (old whaling station remains) and San Isidro historic lighthouse Your guide will pick you up at your hotel during the afternoon and immediately will transfer you to the historic site of Port Famine. Founded in 1580, this was the first settlement on the Straits of Magellan. Unhappily, the extreme nature of the climate proved incompatible with human habitation, and the entire population had perished in a short period of time. 250 years later, a British scientific expedition, aboard the Beagle and the Adventure, spent several months undertaking extensive exploratory journeys in the Chilean Fjords. It was here that Charles Darwin conducted several field trips. From here we will take a short zodiac ride (c. 30 minutes) to San Isidro Lodge, our base for the exploration of this branch of the Straits of Magellan. Depending on our arrival time we will make a short hike towards the remains of the whaling station of El Aguila Bay; this station was fully operational during the early XX century and together with the stations of Antarctica and South Georgia were the responsible of the virtual disappearance of several whale species of the Southern Ocean. Luckily and due to the presence of marine reserves, whales are coming back as we will witness during the following day. This afternoon you will also have the chance of exploring the sheltered and forested shoreline by kayak and learn with your guide about the intertidal creatures of this pristine rocky coastline. San Isidro Lodge, San Isidro Bay (2*) (D)(G). Day 2 • Boat trip to Carlos III Island \| Rest of the day looking for Humpback Whales Early in the morning we will board the motor yacht "Esturion" and start our navigation towards “Francisco Coloane Marine Park”, which protects the marine biodiversity of the western branch of the Straits of Magellan. The journey from our lodge to this great whale-watching spot takes between 5-6 hours and will be done using a sturdy and comfortable mortor yacht "Esturion". This magnificent area encloses Carlos III Island, which possesses a vast and unique biological diversity, due in part, to the mixing of the two oceans (Pacific and Atlantic), productive upwellings, the strong winds, the presence of glaciers and the dismembered coastline. This park hold a summer population of humpback whales (and occasionally Sei whale and Orca), which use these waters as feeding grounds. We will spend this night in the biological station, at very comfortable twin-bedded domes. We will have shared bathroom facilities at this location. Eco-camp Carlos III, Carlos III Island (B,L,D)(G). Day 3 • Carlos III Island This morning we will have another whale-watching session aboard the zodiac boats and if we are lucky, we may see the endemic and scarce Chilean Dolphin while sailing these waters. We will also visit large breeding colonies of sea lions, fur seals and Magellanic Penguin. We will have a lecture by the scientist working on long-term population studies on these whales, and we will learn about several marking and identification techniques. We will have the whole afternoon to see these whales at close quarters and with no other visitors. This intimate experience will be enriched by the beautiful mountains, glaciers and pristine forests. Eco-camp Carlos III, Carlos III Island (B,L,D)(G). Day 4 • Faro San Isidro Lodge \| Punta Arenas After a successful experience looking for the diversity of marine mammals and seabirds of this park, we will make our journey back to San Isidro Lodge. Along the route we will discover the rich seabird diversity of these seaways; we will see Black-browed Albatross, Southern Giant Petrels, Chilean Skuas and cormorants as well as pods of Peale’s Dolphins and the ubiquitous South American Sea Lions. If time permits, w	Buenos Aires Culture - ISA Money Matters What is Buenos Aires like? Buenos Aires is the largest city in Argentina and is one of the most lively cities in the world. It has rightfully been called "the Paris of the South America" as it is reminiscent of many European cities while it still maintains its natural, latin culture and flair. Buenos Aires lies in the Pampas (fertile plains), close to the coast, and is located on the edge of the great Río de la Plata. The Pampas are famous for the gauchos, or cowboys, who tend the land and raise cattle and horses there. Because Buenos Aires is a port city, the locals are commonly known as Porteños. Many of Argentina's inhabitants are descendants of Western European immigrants who traveled to Argentina in the mid 19th century. You will see the European influence in the architecture of the various suburbs of the city. La Boca's rainbow-colored houses and San Telmo's mixture of French and Italian styles are just a couple of examples. Argentines are versatile and expressive and have a passion for discussing politics. In addition to the strong European influence, there are still a few indigenous communities, the largest being the Mapuche, Guaraní, Tobas, Kollas and Wichi. Over a third of Argentina's 34.3 million people reside in Gran Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires city and its suburbs in Buenos Aires province). The identity of Buenos Aires has been influenced by different waves of immigration, providing the city with a cosmopolitan profile. Politeness and respect are closely linked with informal treatment. The normal greeting of men and women is a kiss on the cheek. Smiles, hugs, closeness when speaking and gestures are the most common and friendly way of communication. Something to note is the use of vos (you) instead of the Spanish tú for informal treatment, and the use of che to address a person. Additionally, the pronunciation of the "ll" or "y" in Argentine Spanish carries the "sh" sound. For example, "Como te llamas" will sound like "Como te shamas". Porteños typically can understand Portuguese and most of them speak some English. Region and Population Buenos Aires lies in the Pampas (fertile plains), close to the coast, and is located on the edge of the great Río de la Plata. About 2.8 million people live in the city of Buenos Aires, and 13 million people reside in the greater Buenos Aires area, including the suburbs. Climate The climate of Buenos Aires is mild year round. The mean annual temperature is 18º C (64.4º F), making extremely hot and cold days infrequent. Thus, visitors can enjoy walking around the city in any season. July is the coldest month. Although frosts are rare, you may want a woolen coat, a jacket or an overcoat and a scarf when going out. In winter, cold is moderate during the day, but the temperature drops considerably at night. In the summer, the weather is hot and humid. Mornings are warm and during midday and the first hours of the afternoon, the temperature rises. At night, the temperature goes down slightly, so people may wear light clothes; coats are not needed. Rains are more frequent in autumn and spring (from March to June and from September to December, respectively). They are mild or last a short time, thus activities are not usually hampered much and people typically go out with an umbrella or a raincoat. In the sunny days of autumn and spring, mornings are slightly cold; the temperature rises at midday and drops again at night. Average monthly highs and lows (degrees Fahrenheit) and rainfall (inches) Type	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,493	Which Buckinghamshire farm was used as a hideout by the Great Train robbers?	John Maris led police to Great Train Robbers tells of years of fear and death threats \| Daily Mail Online comments Worry: Farm worker John Maris, who was responsible for helping police track down the Great Train Robbers' hideout, has told how he received death threats in the years following the notorious gang's conviction. He is pictured at the time The farm worker responsible for helping police track down the Great Train Robbers' hideout has told how he received death threats in the years following the notorious gang's conviction. John Maris' tip off to police about the strange behavior at Leatherslade Farm in Buckinghamshire, provided detectives with the big clue they were looking for in the hunt for the gang. The farm provided vital clues used in the conviction of 16 of the gang in what was dubbed 'The Crime of the Century'. But after being hailed a national hero - and picking up a £19,000 cheque in front of the Press - things quickly turned sour for the herdsman and his wife. He was sent threatening messages in the post, with his wife Grace receiving a letter which had a drawing of a coffin with her husband's name on it. The situation became so bad that Mr Maris began to carry around a wooden truncheon for protection. He even placed jars of acid and wooden staves around the farm buildings in case he was attacked. Speaking for the first time about the events following the robbery, Mr Maris, 83, told the Daily Mirror: 'I was constantly scared, always worried. The fear lasted for years. I was always looking over my shoulder.' Thursday marks the 50th anniversary since the gang of robbers, masterminded by Bruce Reynolds, stopped the Glasgow-Euston overnight mail train in the biggest robbery of its time. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share The 17-strong gang held up the Royal Mail travelling post office in Buckinghamshire as it ran between Glasgow and London. Helpful: His tip off to police about the strange behavior at Leatherslade Farm in Buckinghamshire, pictured, provided detectives with the big clue they were looking for in the hunt for the gang Important: The farm provided vital clues used in the conviction of 16 of the gang in what was dubbed 'The Crime of the Century' They escaped with a then record £2.6million – about £45 million in today’s money - in a crime which became a public obsession. After vanishing into the night, the police revealed they thought the gang were hiding within a 30-mile radius of the site of the robbery and put out public appeals for help. Mr Maris had witnessed strange behaviour at Leatherslade Farm and decided to take a closer look and was immediately struck by the scene in front of him. Fear: The farm worker responsible for helping police track down the Great Train Robbers' hideout has told how he received death threats in the years following the notorious gang's conviction. This shows the train which was targeted The £2.6 million stolen by the Great Train Robbers fifty years ago. It was the biggest robbery of its time The windows of the house had been blacked out, leading Mr Maris to contact the police, actions which changed his life forever. Speaking last week, Ronnie Biggs told how he was proud to have been part of the gang. The famous fugitive, who escaped from prison in 1965, spent 36 years on the run before finally being arrested and jailed in 2001. Charles Wilson (left) and Bruce Reynolds (right) were both also involved in the Great Train Robbery Roy John James (left) and Ronnie Biggs (right) were both jailed for 30 years for their part in the robbery William Boal (left) and Roger John Cordrey (right) at court in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire Released from prison on compassionate grounds in 2009 due to ill health he is still alive, being cared for in a north London nursing home. And he has few regrets about the crime that made him a household name. Biggs, who cannot speak and communicates through a spelling board, said: 'If you want to ask me if I have any regrets about being one of the train robbers, my answer is, "No!". Ronnie Biggs (pictured) said that he only	London Underground 150th Anniversary - new Great Britain stamps, 9 January 2013 - Norvic Philatelics 2nd class - the Metropolitan Railway; railway tunnelling 1st class - Edwardian commuters; Piccadilly Line’s Boston Manor Station £1.28 - Classic rolling stock in 1938; Canary Wharf Station 1999 The stamps in the miniature sheet show railway advertising posters. The values are 1st class, 77p, 87p & £1.28 Larger images of individual stamps can be seen on our blog . The retail booklet of 6 stamps includes the new 1st class red Machin definitive, expected to have source code MCND, and two 1st class stamps from the London Underground set. It seems a pity that both show the Boston Manor station, rather than one showing the Edwardian Commuters. The special stamps are against a background showing part of Harry Beck's London Underground map. In the first half of the 19th century a number of railway termini were built in London, but the only way to connect them was by road - and journey times by horse drawn cab through London’s congested streets were extremely time-consuming. The solution was an underground railway. Initially operated by private railway companies, the network expanded to the suburbs. In 1890 the first deep level, electrically operated railway was opened between Stockwell and the city. The new deep cut tunnels earned the network the nickname of ‘the Tube’, which has stuck ever since. Today the tube covers 402 kilometres of track, serves 270 stations and carries 1.2 billion passengers per year. Aside from being the world’s first urban metro system London Underground has a significant design heritage both in terms of its rolling stock and station architecture, the graphic design of its posters and Harry Beck’s iconic tube map – and updated version of which was featured in 2009’s British Design Classics issue. The six sheet stamps designed by Hat-Trick Design show a timeline of the development of the London Underground from the first steam driven Metropolitan Line service to the most modern Jubilee Line Station, Canary Wharf, designed by Sir Norman Foster. The iconography of the issue includes illustration and photography that show both construction, stations and rolling stock. Unifying the issue is the timeline across the lower quarter of the stamps using different livery colours taken from London Underground Lines. The Miniature Sheet focuses on the design heritage of London Underground Posters. Designed by NB Studios the four stamps use the long format to each show three iconic London Underground posters. Many poster designers used for London Underground also produced iconic work for the Post Office; such as Tom Eckersley, Edward McKnight-Kauffer and Abram Games. The stamps in detail 2nd Class - 1863 Metropolitan Railway Opens A contemporary lithograph of a steam locomotive on the Metropolitan line near Paddington Station. 2nd Class – 1898 Tunnelling Below London Streets Railway construction workers, known as Navvies, shown excavating a ‘deep cut’ tube tunnel. 1st Class – 1911 Commute from the Suburbs A carriage of Edwardian ladies and gentlemen illustrated on their commute to work from the suburbs. 1st Class – 1934 Boston Manor Art Deco Station Suburban expansion of the Piccadilly Lines in the 1920s and 30s led to the construction of many iconic art deco stations. £1.28 – 1938 Classic Rolling Stock The classic trains introduced on the tube’s deep cut lines in 1938 became a London icon. £1.28 – 1999 Jubilee Line at Canary Wharf Designed by Sir Norman Foster Canary Wharf Station is one of the most recent additions to the Underground network. 1st Class London Underground Posters Reproductions of three classic London Underground Posters: Golders Green (1908) by an unknown artist 1908; By Underground to fresh air (1915) by Maxwell Armfield; Sum	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,494	Which one of the signs of the zodiac is inanimate?	Zodiac Signs: Ancient To Modern History \| Lifescript.com This article has been written by an outside contributor. It has not been reviewed by the LifeScript editorial staff for accuracy. Zodiac Signs: Ancient To Modern History By Teresa Opdycke Are You the One? The art and science of astrology began thousands of years ago. That’s when ancient people noticed that certain stars were always in specific locations at the same time each year. Read on to discover how the 12 zodiac signs got their names… Ever wonder why so many zodiac signs are represented by animals? It’s because the word “zodiac” comes from an ancient Greek word (zodiakos) that means “circle of animals,” according to the American Federation of Astrologers (AFA). That’s how we get Aries the ram, Leo the lion, Pisces the fish and so on. Each zodiac sign represents one-twelfth of the path traveled by the sun during the year. Ancient people observed the sun’s location during annual weather events, like rain. That’s how Aquarius, the “water bearer,” for example, came to be identified with the rainy season, the AFA reports. From these observations, they created the art/science of astrology as a way to explain times of chaos and times of abundance. Month after month, year after year, astrologers of the day – often considered “wise men” – plotted the movements of heavenly bodies and offered predictions based on their discoveries. The Babylonians are credited with giving birth to astrology in the West, according to the AFA. By at least 1800 B.C., the people of ancient Babylon had embraced learning, created a writing system, and made their city a center for education. Astrology today is a mixture of philosophy, art and science that melded together over the centuries as many thousands of people practiced and fine-tuned their astrological knowledge. Ancient Egyptians also divided the sun’s journey into 12 sections – equal zones of celestial longitude that became the 12 signs of the zodiac. Each sign is associated with its place in the annual cycle of seasons and with the constellations that lie along the sun’s annual path. The Greeks learned about astrology from the Babylonians in the fourth century B.C., according to the AFA. Learned astrologers became advisors to kings, pharaohs and emperors. Their job in ancient times included predicting wars, weather and probable outcomes of business conducted by people. It’s quite likely that Plato taught astrology to his favorite pupil, Aristotle. Throughout Western history, astrology has fallen in and out of favor. It was considered evil by the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, but interest in astrology was sparked again during the Renaissance. In the 19th century, astrology enjoyed renewed interest in some areas, but was outlawed in others. Today, reading one’s daily horoscope in the newspaper or online is an everyday ritual for some. Serious students of astrology continue to study the zodiac, “read” the stars, plot out horoscopes and look to the heavens for guidance in their everyday lives, as the wide variety of astrology websites proves. The American Federation of Astrologers, created to promote knowledge about “the science and art of astrology” is celebrating its 75th year in 2013. Signs of the Zodiac The Romans learned astrology from the Greeks, and appointed names to each of the 12 zodiac signs and 12 houses – names by which westerners still call them today. Each house resides within one of the four realms: fire, air, water and earth. Aries the Ram Today, Aries is the first house in which the sun resides before beginning its year-long journey across the sky. The constellation Aries appears in the sky as a ram looking behind and admiring its own fleece. Aries is called the “sign of sacrifice,” harking back to a myth of a sheep with a golden fleece offering himself as sacrifice after performing a service. Taurus the Bull More than 2,000 years ago, Taurus, not Aries, was the first of our zodiac signs. That’s because each sign spends approximately 2,150 years in each position in the sky. In ancient times, Taurus in	Leo - Zodiac Signs \| Astrology.com.au Leo Welcome to Astrology.com.au Astrology.com.au is all about Astrology, Horoscopes, Love, Romance, Compatibility and Live Psychics As one of the world's premiere astrology sites, astrology.com.au provides a variety of astrological, psychic, spiritual and new-age information to an ever-growing global audience. Astrology.com.au specialises in relationships, love, horoscopes, zodiac and astrology compatibility and features a variety of complimentary reports, readings and daily horoscopes for your enjoyment and wisdom. Chinese astrology and zodiac compatibility are also included in our range of offerings. Some of our specialties include a large number of free horoscopes and psychic readings. Our website is deeply committed to the highest quality service we can afford our visitors. We are in fact so committed that if you are not at all satisfied with any of our products or services we are happy to offer a full refund. Our reporting and personal consulting services are also based upon empowering our visitors and helping them understand themselves as well as their relationships. Although we pride ourselves on our astrological expertise and intuitive insights, these things are of no use unless we can help you translate those findings, readings, and intuitions into some form of practical self-empowerment. Our website is dedicated to this single goal. Our daily, monthly and yearly readings are of course general in nature but as a means of introducing our audience to astrology, we believe this initial teaser will stimulate a greater interest to find out more and in-depth information based upon accurately prepared horoscopes which rely on one's time, place and date of birth. If you have any questions at all please feel free to contact us at dadhichi@astrology.com.au We hope you enjoy your stay here. May the Stars shine down their blessings, good fortune and happiness on you! Regards, The Zodiac Sign Leo The Astrology of Personality The centre of our solar system is the glowing Sun, which just so happens to be your ruler, Leo. Just like the bright and shining celestial Sun you too bring character, support and energy to our world. In reflecting the characteristics of the Sun, you’re full of dynamic energy. Few star signs have the same level of drive and self-motivation that you do. Your fire element is at the heart of this leonine energy and is recognisable in every asset of your life—work, love and play. You have a pioneering approach and love to be the first and best at everything you do. Because you exhibit so much self-confidence, you tend to outshine many of your peers who are usually quite prepared to let you take the lead because you do it so well with a sense of generosity and love. Generosity is one key aspect of your Sun sign. Excuse me for referring to the Sun in so many instances, but it does reflect your personality so well. Warm and impartial in the way you shine your rays of love, you’re happy to distribute what you have either materially or spiritually to anyone and everyone. Giving is a natural part of your nature. You have a great mind and think big. Your efforts are always sincere and unrelenting. Your sign is one of the fixed zodiac signs, which means you are determined and also at times a little inflexible if you set your mind and heart at something. You are encouraging to others and like to see your friends and loved ones as successful as yourself, so you never refuse the help that is requested to get them to their goals as well. You are so dramatic sometimes that some people might think you’re a little over the top. But you don’t care. Because of your love of life and your high degree of optimism, you know that not everyone will accept you for who you are. Arnold Schwarzenegger is a great example of the true Leo spirit. Successful in more than one line of activity, when you hear Arnold speak you can hear his sincerity and see his larger-than-life character coming through in everything he does. As you now know, Arnold has reached a high-level position being Governor of Calif	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,495	What Olympic event involves throwing a spear?	javelin throw \| athletics \| Britannica.com Javelin throw long jump Javelin throw, athletics (track-and-field) sport of throwing a spear for distance, included in the ancient Greek Olympic Games as one of five events of the pentathlon competition. The javelin that is used in modern international men’s competition is a spear of wood or metal with a sharp metal point. It is constructed in accordance with a detailed set of specifications published by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Its overall length must be at least 260 cm (102.4 inches) and its weight at least 800 grams (1.8 pounds). The women’s javelin is somewhat shorter and lighter—a minimum 220 cm (86.6 inches) long and 600 grams (1.3 pounds) in weight. Javelin throw, side view. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. After a short run, the javelin is thrown directly forward with an over-the-shoulder motion into a 29° sector marked on the field. It must land point first. The thrower’s body may not rotate a full turn (360°) before the javelin is released, and he may not step on or beyond a line at the end of the runway. Scandinavian athletes dominated the first 50 years of men’s javelin competition. Sweden conducted the first national championship in the event in 1896, and Swedish and Finnish athletes held most world records until 1953. The javelin throw has been an Olympic event since 1908; a women’s javelin event was added to the Olympic program in 1932. Learn More in these related articles:	Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics - results & video highlights Official Reports arrow African boycott The 1976 Montreal Games were marred by an African boycott involving 22 countries. The boycott was organised by Tanzania to protest the fact that the New Zealand rugby team had toured apartheid South Africa and that New Zealand was scheduled to compete in the Olympic Games. Debuts and firsts Women’s events in basketball, rowing and team handball all made their Olympic debut. Hockey was played on an artificial pitch for the first time, and boxer Clarence Hill of Bermuda earned a bronze medal to give Bermuda the honour of being the least populous nation (53,500) ever to have one of its athletes win a medal at the Summer Games. Memorable champions Alberto Juantorena of Cuba completed the first 400m and 800m double victory. The Japanese women’s volleyball team proved untouchable, winning all their matches in straight sets, and Miklos Németh of Hungary won the javelin to become the first son of an athletics gold medalist to win a gold of his own. Perfect Nadia Fourteen-year-old gymnast Nadia Comaneci of Romania was the undoubted star of the Games. She shot to fame when, for her performance on the uneven bars, she was awarded the first-ever perfect score of 10.0. She went on to earn seven maximum marks in total. NOCs: 92 Athletes: 6,084 (1,260 women, 4.824 men) Events: 198 Media: n/a An Innovation in the transport of the flame For the Athens to Ottawa stage of the torch relay the Olympic flame travelled by air, but not by plane. Instead, a sensor used to detect ionized particles of the Flame turned them into coded impulses. The impulses were transmitted by satellite to Ottawa where they activated a laser beam which recreated the Olympic flame in its original shape. The African Boycott Despite there being no African athletes present (they participated in a boycott organised by Tanzania, in which 22 countries came together to protest against a tour of South Africa by the New Zealand national rugby team), the standard of the competitions at the 1976 Olympic Games was very high. The Medal for the least populated country With its 53,500 inhabitants, Bermuda became the most sparsely-populated country to win a medal at the Summer Games, thanks to Clarence Hill who won the bronze medal in boxing in the heavyweight category. An Artificial pitch Hockey was played on an artificial pitch for the first time. Events open to women Women's events appeared in basketball, handball and rowing. Ceremonies Montreal 17 July 1976. Flags of the nations during the Olympic oath. Official opening of the Games by: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Lighting the Olympic Flame by: Stéphane Préfontaine and Sandra Henderson (two athletes aged 16 and 15). Olympic Oath by: Official Oath by: Maurice Forget (athletics) It is made up of the Olympic rings mounted on an Olympic podium, which is also the graphic interpretation of the letter M, the initial of Montreal. In the centre, the athletics track, the focal point of the Games. This emblem invokes the universal fraternity offered by the Olympic Ideal, as well as the glory of the winners, the gallant spirit of their battles and the accession of Montreal to the rank of Olympic city. On the obverse, the design of Guiseppe Cassioli, created for the Amsterdam Games in 1928. The principal symbols are Victory, Fraternity and Universality. The reverse was designed as intentionally bare. It comprises a stylized laurel crown, symbol of victory since the Games of Antiquity, and the emblem of the Montreal Games. Number of torchbearers: 500 in Greece and 261 in Canada Total distance: 775 km including 514 in Greece Countries crossed: Greece, Canada More info The Games Organising Committee made two main series of posters. The first illustrated eight key themes: - the emblem of the International Olympic Committee (here) : entitled “The Invitation” and representing the five rings reflected symbolically by successive waves, thus inviting the athletes from all the continents to the 1976 Olympic Games. - the emblem of the Organising Com	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,496	In what American state was Barack Obama born?	About Barack Obama About Barack Obama Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek. —President Obama President Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States. He was born on August 4th, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, to a mother from Kansas, Stanley Ann Dunham, and a father from Kenya, Barack Obama Sr. He was also raised by his grandfather, who served in Patton’s army, and his grandmother, who worked her way up from the secretarial pool to become vice president at a local bank. He worked his way through school—Occidental College in Los Angeles, Columbia University in New York, and later, Harvard Law School—with the help of scholarship money and student loans. In 1985, Barack Obama moved to Chicago, where he got his start in community organizing on the city’s South Side, working to help rebuild communities devastated by the closure of local steel plants. The President called that time in his life " the best education I ever had, better than anything I got at Harvard Law School ." He has credited that experience as crucial to finding his identity—something that shaped his path to the White House. Barack Obama was elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996. During his time in Springfield, he passed the first major ethics reform in 25 years, cut taxes for working families, and expanded health care for children and their parents. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004, he reached across the aisle to pass the farthest-reaching lobbying reform in a generation, lock up the world’s most dangerous weapons, and bring transparency to government by tracking federal spending online. Barack Obama was sworn in as president on January 20th, 2009, in the middle of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, at a time when our economy was losing 800,000 jobs a month . He acted immediately to get our economy back on track. Since then, the private sector has added back more than 10 million jobs during the longest, uninterrupted period of job growth in our nation’s history. In his first term, the President cut taxes for every American worker—putting $3,600 back in the pockets of the typical family. He passed historic Wall Street reform to make sure taxpayers never again have to bail out big banks. He passed the landmark Affordable Care Act, helping to put quality and affordable health care within reach for millions of Americans. He ended the war in Iraq and is working to responsibly end the war in Afghanistan. He’s the first sitting president to stand up for marriage equality , and is fighting for equal pay and a woman’s right to make her own health decisions . He’s made a college education more affordable for millions of students and their families. And he believes it’s time for a comprehensive solution to fix our broken immigration system. The President believes an economy that's built to last starts by growing and strengthening the middle class—that’s why he has a plan to create jobs and restore economic security to working families. He’s been driven by the basic values that make our country great: America prospers when we’re all in it together, when hard work pays off and responsibility is rewarded, and when everyone—from Main Street to Wall Street—does their fair share and plays by the same rules. INSPIRING A GRASSROOTS MOVEMENT The President's legacy as a grassroots organizer inspired millions. Organizing for Action is proud to be built from the ground up by people who believe that real, lasting change only happens when you organize.	Barack Obama elected as America’s first black president - Nov 04, 2008 - HISTORY.com Barack Obama elected as America’s first black president Share this: Barack Obama elected as America’s first black president Author Barack Obama elected as America’s first black president URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 2008, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois defeats Senator John McCain of Arizona to become the 44th U.S. president, and the first African American elected to the White House. The 47-year-old Democrat garnered 365 electoral votes and nearly 53 percent of the popular vote, while his 72-year-old Republican challenger captured 173 electoral votes and more than 45 percent of the popular vote. Obama’s vice-presidential running mate was Senator Joe Biden of Delaware, while McCain’s running mate was Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska, the first female Republican ever nominated for the vice presidency. Obama, who was born in 1961 in Hawaii to a white woman from Kansas and a black man from Kenya, graduated from Harvard Law School and was a law professor at the University of Chicago before launching his political career in 1996, when he was elected to the Illinois State Senate. He was re-elected to that post in 1998 and 2000. In March 2004, he shot to national prominence by winning the U.S. Senate Democratic primary in Illinois, and that July he gained further exposure when he delivered the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in Boston, which included his eloquent call for unity among “red” (Republican) and “blue” (Democratic) states. That November, Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in a landslide. On February 10, 2007, in Springfield, Illinois, Obama officially announced his candidacy for president. A victory in the Iowa caucuses in January 2008 made him a viable challenger to the early frontrunner, Senator Hillary Clinton of New York, whom he outlasted in a grueling primary campaign to claim the Democratic nomination in early June 2008. During the general-election campaign, as in the primaries, Obama’s team worked to build a following at the grassroots level and used what his supporters viewed as the candidate’s natural charisma, unique life story and inspiring message of hope and change to draw large crowds to his public appearances, both in the United States and on a campaign trip abroad. His team also worked to bring new voters–many of them young or black, both demographics they believed favored Obama–to become involved in the election. Additionally, the campaign was notable for its unprecedented use of the Internet for organizing constituents and fundraising. According to The Washington Post: “3 million donors made a total of 6.5 million donations online adding up to more than $500 million. Of those 6.5 million donations, 6 million were in increments of $100 or less.” In terms of campaign issues, Obama pledged to get the United States out of the war in Iraq and expand health care, among other promises. A crushing national financial crisis in the months leading up to the election shifted the country’s focus to the economy, and Obama and McCain each attempted to show he had the best plan for economic improvement. On November 4, more than 69.4 million Americans cast their vote for Obama, while some 59.9 million voters chose McCain. (Obama was the first sitting U.S. senator to win the White House since John Kennedy in 1960.) Obama captured some traditional Republican strongholds (Virginia, Indiana) and key battleground states (Florida, Ohio) that had been won by Republicans in recent elections. Late that night, the president-elect appeared before a huge crowd of supporters in Chicago’s Grant Park and delivered a speech in he which acknowledged the historic nature of his victory (which came 143 years after the end of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery): “If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer…	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,497	Who wrote the lyrical drama 'Prometheus Unbound' in 1820?	Prometheus Unbound \| play by Shelley \| Britannica.com play by Shelley The Tempest Prometheus Unbound, lyrical drama in four acts by Percy Bysshe Shelley , published in 1820. The work, considered Shelley’s masterpiece, was a reply to Aeschylus ’s Prometheus Bound , in which the Titan Prometheus stole fire from heaven to give to mortals and was punished by Zeus (Jupiter). Shelley’s heroic Prometheus strikes against oppression as represented by a power-mad Jupiter. This brilliant but uneven work represented the culmination of the poet’s lyrical gifts and political thought. Prometheus, tortured, is tempted to yield to Jupiter’s tyranny but instead forgives him. In this act, Shelley suggests, lies his salvation. Panthea and her sister Asia, symbol of ideal love, decide to free Prometheus by confronting Demogorgon, the volcanic power of the underworld, who vanquishes Jupiter in a violent eruption. Prometheus is reunited with his beloved Asia, and the liberation of human society is foretold. The last act, written months after the first three, describes this joyful transformation but warns that evil must be checked lest tyranny reign once more. Learn More in these related articles: Percy Bysshe Shelley Aug. 4, 1792 Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, Eng. July 8, 1822 at sea off Livorno, Tuscany [Italy] English Romantic poet whose passionate search for personal love and social justice was gradually channeled from overt actions into poems that rank with the greatest in the English language. Prometheus Bound tragedy by Aeschylus, the dating of which is uncertain. The play concerns the god Prometheus, who in defiance of Zeus (Jupiter) has saved humanity with his gift of fire. For this act Zeus has ordered that he be chained to a remote crag. Despite his seeming isolation, Prometheus is visited by the... 3 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: July 20, 2012 URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Prometheus-Unbound Access Date: January 17, 2017 Share	Twelfth Night from ShakespeareMag.com Tobacco Factory Theatre Notes on Twelfth Night English playwright William Shakespeare wrote the Twelfth Night or What You Will during the 1601-1602 winter season. The Twelfth Night was originally written to be performed as a special Christmas play, although its publication had to wait until 1623, when Shakespeare's first compilation of plays was published under the name of The First Folio. The play's name is thought to have been taken from a medieval festival that later became part of the Christian tradition. The original holiday was linked to the upheaval brought about by the Lord of Misrule, who, as his name suggests, had a penchant for turning roles and situations upside down. This point is essential to understand one of the main characters of the play, cross-dresser Viola, as her transformation into a male can be interpreted as an example of "misrule". Shakespeare's Twelfth Night: a summary of the plot The play begins with a shipwreck, in which Viola and her brother Sebastian are involved. Sebastian is nowhere to be found, and as result, Viola assumes that he has died at sea. Captain Antonio rescues Viola, and once ashore she adopts the name of Cesario and begins to work for the Duke of Illyria feigning to be a male. As the play progresses, several unrequited love stories emerge: the Duke of Illyria tries to conquer the affection of Countess Olivia and sends Cesario (Viola) as an intermediary. However, the Duke's strategy does not work as he intended, as Olivia falls in love with the messenger (unaware of the fact that Cesario is actually a female), while at the same time Viola falls for the Duke. There is also the presence of Olivia's uncle, Sir Toby, who arrives at the Countess' home to help his friend Andrew earn Olivia's love. However, not only he does not achieve his objective, but with the involvement of servant Maria, Olivia ends up with yet another suitor, steward Malvolio. Things get even more complicated when Viola's brother Sebastian is rescued by captain Antonio. When he enters the Duke's court, Olivia declares her love for him thinking that she is talking to Cesario. Rather taken aback, but nonetheless happy with his luck, Sebastian accepts Olivia's marriage proposal. The play ends with the revelation of Sebastian and Viola's true identities, and with the wedding between Duke Orsino and Viola and between Olivia's uncle, Sir Toby, and servant Maria. Main Characters This comedy features eleven characters. The leading roles are twins Viola and Sebastian; Antonio, a friend of the two brothers who is also a ship captain; Orsino, the Duke of the ancient Mediterranean region of Illyria; Countess Olivia, the Duke's love interest; Maria and Malvolio, a couple of servants at Countess Olivia's home; Feste, a clown and entertainer at the Countess household; Sir Toby, Olivia's fun-loving uncle; Sir Andrew, a friend of Sir Toby's; and Fabian, Sir Toby's servant. Themes and Symbols As it is the case with other plays written by Shakespeare, there are several themes that underline the main plot of The Twelfth Night. Obviously, love and desire are key subjects in this comedy, as every character seems to be affected by them in one way or another. However, the play is not simply a collection of love stories, since throughout the play Shakespeare highlights the fleeting and foolish nature of romantic love. The play also deals with the subject of loyalty, as it can be seen from the relationship between Viola and her brother Sebastian, or between Maria and Olivia and Antonio and Sebastian. Despite the numerous love stories that form the bulk of the play, Shakespeare hints at blood or friendship ties as more lasting and genuine than romantic love. The Twelfth night depicts class differences too, and illustrates how they work to sustain a particular social order. However, the author created characters that were able to trascend social classes as well as gender roles. Perhaps Shakespeare's objective when writing this comedy was to suggest that not all boundaries are as fixed as we believe the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,498	"Tony Kushner wrote the award-winning play ""Angels in...?"	'Angels In America,' 20 Years Later : NPR 'Angels In America,' 20 Years Later Embed Embed 'Angels In America,' 20 Years Later 'Angels In America,' 20 Years Later Embed Embed Emma Thompson starred in HBO's adaptation of Tony Kushner's play Angels in America. Stephen Goldblatt/AP/HBO hide caption toggle caption Emma Thompson starred in HBO's adaptation of Tony Kushner's play Angels in America. Stephen Goldblatt/AP/HBO Two decades ago, in 1991, the first part of an ambitious work of theater by playwright Tony Kushner took the stage in San Francisco. It was called Angels in America, and its two parts — Millennium Approaches and Perestroika — clocked in at an epic seven hours. The work, about AIDS in the age of Ronald Reagan, shocked many for its obscenities, and blunt portrayal of sex and homosexuality. But the play was also a story, told with drama and humor, of how humans change and how society responds to those changes. Angels in America debuted on Broadway in 1993. Since then, it has been transformed into an opera and an HBO miniseries. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1993. Tony Kushner joins NPR's Neal Conan to reflect on the era in which he wrote Angels in America. He discusses how American society has changed over the past two decades, as well as his play's appeal to young people. Interview Highlights On the mood in America when he wrote the play "The sense of the world in the late '80s when I started thinking about the play, and in the early '90s when I wrote it — it was a lot more of a millennial consciousness than an apocalyptic consciousness. There was a strong anticipation. I was a medieval studies major when I was at Columbia, and I was sort of trained to think a lot about millennia. And everyone on the planet, of course, in the late '80s and early '90s, [was] waiting for the year 2000 to arrive. You know, the Y2K virus and all that. There was a certain amount of postmodern versions of old medieval tropes regarding millennia, and a sense that when this sort of auspicious or forbidding date arrived, there would be some sort of transformation — something big was about to happen ... Article continues after sponsorship "During ... the Reagan years, there was a sort of sea change taking place in American politics — and then, as it turned out, in European politics as well, and ultimately in global politics, that we were entering a new period where old reliables were going to be overthrown, and a new way of looking at the world was at hand. And it wasn't necessarily an appealing way of looking at the world, at least for me. ... There was a sense that something was coming and it might be something great, and might be something terrible ... "I feel, going back now, that the early '90s, the late '80s, for all the horrors of the AIDS epidemic, were comparatively innocent and carefree times compared to where we are now. In the mid-'80s when I wrote the play, it included things about 'eco-cide,' about the collapse of the ozone layer. I really didn't believe in my heart of hearts that the human race was now threatening the survival of life on the planet. There's now absolutely no doubt that that's the case. ... It's completely clear that what we were beginning to get worried about in the '80s was very serious and very real things ... so the play, and the times, both feel darker to me now than they did back then." On high schools and colleges performing the play "It's great that it's taught and performed in colleges. I still have to admit ... it's a little shocking — I grew up in Lake Charles, La., and went to public high school, where ... Shakespeare was considered OK, but not Romeo and Juliet because that was kind of naughty. ... But we were certainly protected from anything that was too overtly sexual. And the play is fairly blunt about how it deals with issues of sexuality. "So every once in a while I express concern when I hear from a high school teacher who says that they're teaching it. But the high school teacher usually rolls his or her eyes. ... You know, I don't have kids myself, so I clearly have not been spending enoug	Tom Stoppard - Literature Literature Biography Playwright Sir Tom Stoppard was born Tomás Straüssler on 3 July 1937 in Zlín, Czechoslovakia. He grew up in Singapore and India during the Second World War and moved to England in 1946 with his mother and stepfather, his own father having been killed in Singapore. Educated at schools in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, he became a journalist working for the Western Daily Press (1954-8) and the Bristol Evening World (1958-60), and became theatre critic for Scene magazine in London (1962-3). He began writing plays for radio and television, including The Dissolution of Dominic Boot (1964), A Walk on the Water, televised in 1963, and The Stand-Ins, later revised as The Real Inspector Hound (1968). Albert's Bridge (1968) was first broadcast by BBC Radio in 1967. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1967) premiered at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1966. The play came to the attention of Kenneth Tynan, then working for the National Theatre, and it was produced at the National in 1967 and on Broadway in 1967, winning a Tony Award for Best Play (USA) in 1968. The Real Inspector Hound was first staged in 1968, followed by productions of Albert's Bridge and If You're Glad I'll Be Frank, both in 1969. His play Jumpers (1972) was staged at the National Theatre in 1972 and his adaptation of Lorca's The House of Bernarda Alba was first performed in the same year. Travesties (1975) was first staged by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1974, transferring to New York in 1975 where it won a Tony Award for Best Play. Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (1976), was inspired by his friendship with Viktor Fainberg, who had been imprisoned in Czechoslovakia by the Soviets, and Stoppard began to speak out on behalf of dissidents including the Czech playwright Vaclav Havel, who had been charged with subversion. Professional Foul (1978) was written for Amnesty International's Prisoner of Conscience Year in 1977. On the Razzle (1982), adapted from Johann Nestroy's Einen Jux will er sich machen, was staged at the National Theatre in 1981, followed by The Real Thing (1982) in 1982. He was on the board of the National Theatre from 1989-2003. His trilogy of plays set in 19th century Russia, The Coast of Utopia (2002), was first staged at the National Theatre in 2002. Tom Stoppard was knighted in 1997. He lives in London. His latest plays are Heroes (2005), and Rock n Roll (2006). He has written the screenplay for The Bourne Ultimatum, and a new English version of Chekov's Ivanov (2008). Critical perspective Tom Stoppard is a deceptive dramatist. He is always written about as if he were an intellectual acrobat and dazzling word-spinner delighted by ideas and deficient in emotion. And it is perfectly true that he is unafraid to deal with subjects that would deter many dramatists; from metaphysics and quantum mechanics to moral philosophy and moon landings. But behind the intellectual high jinx there lurks an often passionate humanist whose writing betrays an increasing concern both with the abuse of freedom and the nature of love. Whatever Stoppard is, he is certainly not a cold fish. The key to his work, both formally and intellectually, lies in the idea of collision: as he once told a New York Times interviewer, 'I write plays because writing dialogue is the only respectable way of contradicting myself.' After a peripatetic childhood (born in Czechoslovakia, he was raised in both Singapore and India) and an early career as a Bristol journalist, he gravitated naturally towards drama with its built-in opportunities for dialectic and debate. His early works were brief, ingenious radio dramas but in the mid-60s he sat down to write a substantial novel and play. He was convinced that the novel, Lord Malquist and Mr Moon (1966) would make his name. In the event it was the play, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1967), first produced at the Edinburgh Festival in 1966 and a year later by the National Theatre, that earned him fame and fortune. Both works, however, clearly establish Stoppard's chosen territory. Th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,499	Located at the southern end of the Mariana Trench, what is the name given to the deepest point in the Pacific Ocean?	Deepest Part of the Ocean - Deepest Ocean Trench Home » Records » Deepest Point in the Oceans Deepest Part of the Ocean The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known location in Earth's oceans. Mariana Trench map: Map showing the geographic location of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Image from the CIA Factbook. Measuring the Greatest Ocean Depth The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest known point in Earth's oceans. In 2010 the United States Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping measured the depth of the Challenger Deep at 10,994 meters (36,070 feet) below sea level with an estimated vertical accuracy of ± 40 meters. If Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth , were placed at this location it would be covered by over one mile of water. The first depth measurements in the Mariana Trench were made by the British survey ship HMS Challenger, which was used by the Royal Navy in 1875 to conduct research in the trench. The greatest depth that they recorded at that time was 8,184 meters (26,850 feet). In 1951, another Royal Navy vessel, also named the "HMS Challenger," returned to the area for additional measurements. They discovered an even deeper location with a depth of 10,900 meters (35,760 feet) determined by echo sounding. The Challenger Deep was named after the Royal Navy vessel that made these measurements. In 2009, sonar mapping done by researchers aboard the RV Kilo Moana, operated by the University of Hawaii, determined the depth to be 10,971 meters (35,994 feet) with a potential error of ± 22 meters. The most recent measurement, done in 2010, is the 10,994 meter ( ± 40 meter accuracy) depth reported at the top of this article, measured by the United States Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping. Challenger Deep map: Map showing the location of the Challenger Deep on the southern end of the Mariana Trench, south of Guam. NOAA image modified by Kmusser and used here under a GNU Free Document License . Exploring the Challenger Deep The Challenger Deep was first explored by humans when Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descended in the Trieste bathyscaphe in 1960 . They reached a depth of 10,916 meters (35,814 feet). In 2009 researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution completed the deepest dive by an unmanned robotic vehicle in the Challenger Deep. Their Nereus robotic vehicle reached a depth of 10,902 meters. Why is the ocean so deep here? The Mariana Trench is located at a convergent plate boundary. Here two converging plates of oceanic lithosphere collide with one another. At this collision point, one of the plates descends into the mantle. At the line of contact between the two plates, the downward flexure forms a trough known as an ocean trench. An example of an ocean trench is shown in the diagram. Ocean trenches form some of the deepest locations in Earth's oceans. Mariana Trench earthquake: Map showing the location of the Challenger Deep, the epicenter of an April, 2016 earthquake, and the relative movement directions of the Pacific and Philippine Plates. USGS map with annotations by Geology.com. Underwater volcanic vent: As the Pacific Plate is pushed into the mantle and heated, water in the sediment is volatilized, and gases are liberated as the basalt of the plate melts. These gases migrate to the surface to form a number of volcanic vents on the ocean floor. This photo shows gases escaping and bubbles moving towards the surface, expanding as they ascend. NOAA image. Earthquakes in the Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench occurs along a plate boundary between the Philippine Plate and the Pacific Plate. The Pacific Plate is on the eastern and southern side of this boundary, and the Philippine Plate is on the western and northern side of this boundary. Both of these plates are moving in a northwesterly direction, but the Pacific Plate is moving faster than the Philippine Plate. The motion of these plates produces a convergent plate boundary because the greater speed of the Pacific Plate is causing it to collide into the Philippine Plate. This collis	The top ten deepest mines in the world - Mining Technology Vale's Creighton Mine in Canada is the world's deepest nickel mine. The top ten deepest mines in the world Eight of the ten deepest mines in the world reside in a particular region of South Africa, while the remaining two - Kidd Creek and Creighton - are both located in Ontario, Canada. Mining-technology.com profiles the top ten deepest mines in the world. Mponeng Gold Mine AngloGold Ashanti's Mponeng gold mine, located south-west of Johannesburg in South Africa, is currently the deepest mine in the world. The operating depth at Mponeng mine ranged from between 2.4km to more than 3.9km below the surface by the end of 2012. Ongoing expansions have resulted in deeper digging at Mponeng, pushing the record to beyond the four kilometre mark. The ore reserve at Mponeng stood at 13.7 million ounces (Moz) as of December 2012. The mine produced 405,000oz of gold in 2012. It is currently undergoing expansion to extend the mine life beyond 2040. Mponeng extracts the Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR) of the West Wits region of South Africa. The deep underground mine employs a sequential grid mining method. The shaft-sinking process at Mponeng began in 1981. The gold plant complex and the shafts were commissioned in 1986. TauTona Gold Mine TauTona, AngloGold Ashanti's gold mine in the West Wits region of South Africa, ranks as the second deepest mine in the world. Although mining at TauTona currently takes place at depths ranging from between 1.85km to 3.45km, its mining depth was extended to 3.9km underground with the addition of a secondary shaft in 2008. TauTona mining operations began in 1962 with the construction of 800km of tunnels. The mine is currently operated with three shafts. AngloGold Ashanti started changing the mining method at TauTona from longwall to scattered-grid mining in 2007. TauTona's mine life is expected to end in 2015. It produced 189,000oz of gold in 2012. The estimated ore reserve stood at 1.713Moz as of December 2012. Savuka Gold Mine Savuka gold mine, also located in the West Wits region of South Africa and operated by AngloGold Ashanti, is the third deepest mine in the world. The mine exploits the gold contained reefs at a depth of more than 3.7km. The mining method at Savuka was recently converted from longwall to sequential grid mining. Savuka shares a common processing plant with the TauTona mine. The shafts and infrastructure at Savuka were damaged by a seismic event in 2008. The mining operations were, however, completely restored in 2011. Savuka produced 37,000oz of gold in 2012. The mine was left with 0.56 million oz of gold reserves by the end of that year. AngloGold Ashanti is considering incorporating Savuka into the neighbouring TauTona for accessing the remaining resources of Savuka. Driefontein Mine The Driefontein mine, owned by Gold Fields, is located near Carletonville in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The mine lies within the West Wits Line Goldfield of the Witwatersrand Basin. It is currently the fourth deepest mine in the world with its depth extended up to 3.4km. The Driefontein mine operation could be traced back to 1952. The mine consists of eight producing shaft systems extracting ore from three reefs, namely Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR), Carbon Leader Reef (CLR) and the Middelvlei Reef. Driefontein uses a combination of longwall and scattered mining methods. The mine produced 709,800oz of gold during 2010. The mine site includes three metallurgical plants, along with a recovery plant for ore processing. The estimated ore reserve at Driefontein as of December 2012 was 4.369Moz. Kusasalethu Gold Mine The Kusasalethu gold mine operated by Harmony is located 75km west of Johannesburg, on the West Wits Line near Carletonville, Gauteng, in South Africa. It is currently the fifth deepest mine in the world as it exploits the Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR) up to a depth of 3,276m below the surface. Kusasalethu was formerly known as Elandskraal gold mine. Elandskraal, which started operation in 1978, was comprised of two min	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,500	"""Hobson-Jobson"" is the short title of a book written by Henry Yule and Arthur C. Burnell, first published in 1886, that contains what?"	National Book Auctions - Your National Source for Everything Bound $45 This auction lot includes the following group of titles: - Italian Splendor: Palaces, Castles, Villas by Jack Basehart - Dated 1990 by Rizzoli - Large-format volume in dustjacket. Photographs by Roberto Schezen, text by Ralph Toledano. Introduction by Paul Hofmann - Italian Painting by Keith Christiansen - Dated 1992 by Beaux Arts Editions - Large-format volume in dustjacket - Velazquez by Maurice Serullaz - Dated 1981 by Harry N. Abrams - Large-format volume in dustjacket - Mexico: A History in Art by Bradley Smith - Dated 1968 by Harper & Row - First printing. Large-format volume in dustjacket - The West of the Imagination by William H. & William N. Goetzmann - Dated 1986 by W. W. Norton & Company - First printing in dustjacket - The Write Stuff: Collector's Guide to Inkwells, Fountain Pens and Desk Accessories by Ray and Bevy Jaegers - Dated 2000 by Krause Publications (Iola, Wisconsin) - wrappers Unless otherwise noted, the books in this lot are in good, intact condition with some age/wear indications. Shipping cost (within the U.S.) for this lot will be: $22.50 Lot 5340 Publisher: United States Government Printing Office Printing Years: 1943-1944 First Edition Number of Volumes: Complete 2 volume set Notes: Bound in blindstamped dark blue cloth with bright gilt lettering to spine, this vintage set is a unique biographical dictionary of the Ch'ing Dynasty, covering the final centuries of imperial rule in China. Text is in primarily in English with some material in Chinese. The preface is by Hu Shih. These ex-library volumes show mild external age/wear, with gilt library catalogue numbers appearing at foot of spine and antique paper labels at base of front covers. The books are solidly bound with clean, lightly age-toned pages. Library bookplates appear on front endpapers. Stamps are visible on title pages, copyright pages and rear flyleaves (these last two are in small type). The books measure approximately 8" x 11". Shipping cost (within the U.S.) for this lot will be: $9.50 Lot 5341 $200 This lot includes the group of artwork shown in the corresponding image(s). Due to the high volume of books, ephemera and artwork we are selling at this auction, we will be offering a number of bulk buy opportunities such as this one during the course of the day. This lot includes dozens of varied media art pieces and a variety of prints. Included are topics such as Cowboys, the Wild West, Native Americans, outdoor, historical scenes, calendar illustrations and other content. These are primarily larger pieces, many measuring 15" x 24" or more. The media include Victorian lithograph, photogravure, black and white and full-color modern lithograph, etc. To inspect and acquire more detailed information about this lot, please attend our live preview before the auction. These pieces are in good to excellent condition with some light age/wear indications. Shipping cost (within the U.S.) for this lot will be: $18.50 Lot 5342 Publisher: Bradley & Company (Philadelphia) Printing Year: 1883 Condition/Details: Bound in brown cloth with gilt lettering and decorative pictorial designs, this antique volume is a scarce work of numismatics by John S. Dye, founder, editor and publishers of "Dye's Counterfeit Detector." The book offers a history of coins, including "the earliest known medium of exchange; discovery of the precious metals; coins of the bible; ancient Greek, Roman and Jewish coinage; early and modern coins of Asia and Africa; Anglo-American, American Colonial, and continental issues; Anglo-American issues; Anglo-American tokens, and the pattern pieces, experimental issues, and coins of the United States of America." This edition contains an appendix by E. Mason. The work is illustrated with many representations of coins. This ex-library volume shows external age/wear, with rubbing to covers, fraying at corners and along front gutter, and cracked hinges (rear hinge shows repair). This book lacks front flyleaf. Antique library bookplate appears on front endpa	Labour party \| Article about Labour party by The Free Dictionary Labour party \| Article about Labour party by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Labour+party British political party, one of the two dominant parties in Great Britain since World War I. Origins The Labour party was founded in 1900 after several generations of preparatory trade union politics made possible by the Reform Bills of 1867 and 1884, which enfranchised urban workers. Although the Labour Representation League, organized in 1869, elected parliamentary representatives, they were absorbed into the Liberal party Liberal party, former British political party, the dominant political party in Great Britain for much of the period from the mid-1800s to World War I. Origins ..... Click the link for more information. . A Marxist organization, the Social Democratic Federation, was founded by H. M. Hyndman Hyndman, Henry Mayers , 1842–1921, English Socialist, an early advocate of Marxism in England. He was a journalist by profession. In 1881 he founded the parent organization of the Social Democratic Federation, which in 1911 became the British Socialist party, with Hyndman ..... Click the link for more information. in 1881; but more important for the history of the Labour party was the founding of the Fabian Society Fabian Society, British socialist society. An outgrowth of the Fellowship of the New Life (founded 1883 under the influence of Thomas Davidson), the society was developed the following year by Frank Podmore and Edward Pease. ..... Click the link for more information. (1883) and the Independent Labour party (ILP; 1893). With the help of the Fabian Society and the Trades Union Congress, the ILP in 1900 set up the Labour Representation Committee, renamed the Labour party in 1906. The new party elected 29 members to Parliament in 1906; in the two elections of 1910 it elected 40 and 42. Its strength lay in the industrial North and in Welsh mining areas; the evolutionary socialism espoused by the Fabians was the dominant ideology. 1914 to 1945 At the outbreak of World War I, Ramsay MacDonald MacDonald, Ramsay (James Ramsay McDonald), 1866–1937, British statesman, b. Scotland. The illegitimate son of a servant, he went as a young man to London, where he joined the Social Democratic Federation (1885) and the Fabian Society (1886). ..... Click the link for more information. led a pacifist wing of the party, but the majority of the party supported the war effort, and the party's leader, Arthur Henderson Henderson, Arthur, 1863–1935, British statesman, organizer and leader of the British Labour party. In early life he was an ironworker and a labor union leader. Elected (1903) to Parliament, he was chairman of the parliamentary Labour party (1908–10, 1914–17), ..... Click the link for more information. , served in the wartime coalition governments. Until 1918 the party was distinctly a federation of trade unions and socialist groups and had no individual members. After the war economic depression, the growing political consciousness of the working classes, and the split in the Liberal party gave Labour a national following. In 1918, Labour withdrew completely from the coalition, and in 1922 it became the second largest party in the House of Commons and thus the official opposition. In 1924 the party formed its first ministry, with MacDonald as prime minister. As Labour was a minority in Parliament and depended on Liberal support, the enactment of legislation proved difficult, and the government's domestic program of unemployment relief and housing differed little from that of its Conservative predecessor. Effective primarily in foreign affairs, the ministry recognized the USSR. The party was turned out of office in Oct., 1924, in an election marked by Conservative exploitation of the Zinoviev letter (see under Zinoviev, Grigori Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich , 1883–1936, Soviet Communist leader, originally named Radomyslsky. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor party in 1901 and sided with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,501	Wind speed is measured in which unit?	Windspeed Limited (Vector Instruments) - Celebrating 40 years of Quality High-Precision Anemometer, Windvane and Weather Sensor Manufacture Wind Speed Measurement Units and Conversion Factors 1 metre per second (m/s, ms-1) = 2.237 miles per hour (mph) 1 metre per second (m/s, ms-1) = 1 metre per second (m/s, ms-1) = 3.60 kilometres per hour (kph) 1 Knot (Kts)* 0.515 metres per second (m/s, ms-1) 1 Knot (Kts)* 1.152 miles per hour (mph) 1 Knot (Kts)* 1.85 kilometres per hour (kph) 1 mile per hour (mph) = 0.447 metres per second (m/s, ms-1) 1 mile per hour (mph) = 1 mile per hour (mph) =	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th February–the questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League SET BY THE LAMB SHANKS Vetted by the Plough Horntails and Ox-Fford ART AND LITERATURE 1 Which poet versified about a “dirty British coaster with a salt-caked smokestack” in the poem Cargoes? (John Masefield) 2 Which modern Poet Laureate was commemorated with a memorial stone in Westminster Abbey in December 2011? (Ted Hughes) 3 Octarine (the colour of magic) is the eighth colour of the spectrum on which world? (The Discworld – as written about by Terry Pratchett) 4 Who (or what) complained “Here I am, brain the size of a planet, and they ask me to take you to the bridge. Call that job satisfaction, 'cause I don't”? (Marvin, the paranoid android, in Douglas Adam’s Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy) 5 What musical instrument of the woodwind family is an aerophone , or reedless wind instrument producing its sound from the flow of air across an opening? (Flute, or piccolo) 6 Who sculpted the version of the Three Graces statue commissioned by John Russell, the 6th Duke of Bedford that is now on display alternately in the National Gallery of Scotland and the Victoria and Albert Museum? (Antonio Canova) 7 Kubla Khan and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are two of the main works of which poet? (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) 8 Pablo Picasso created which painting in response to the bombing of a Basque town by warplanes from Germany and Italy in 1937. What is the name of the painting? (Guernica) 9 Who are the Samuel Becket characters Vladimir and Estragon waiting for? (Godot – in the play waiting for Godot) 10 The ‘trio’ to March No. 1 in D of the Pomp and Circumstance Military Marches is better known as the music to which song? (Land of Hope and Glory) ‘ELF N’SAFETY (Most questions are taken from the health and safety test labourers on a construction site have to pass. They are mostly Health and Safety related, but the odd one does mention “Elf” as well) 1 Fire extinguishers can contain one of four substances – water, powder, foam and what? (Carbon dioxide – CO2 – accept also Halon or wet chemicals) 2 Which part of your body is most likely to be injured if you lift heavy loads? (Your back) 3 Name one of the two animals that carry Weil’s Disease, also known as Leptospirosis, in their urine? (Rats or Cows) 4 The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act is the primary piece of legislation regulating workplace health, safety and welfare within the United Kingdom. In which decade was it passed into law? (1970s - 1974 ) 5 What is sort of creature is Dobbie in the Harry Potter books and films? (A House Elf – full name required) 6 If someone is injured at work who should record it in the accident book? (The injured person or someone acting for them) 7 Which colour identifies the ‘live’ wire in a modern (new) 240 volt electricity supply? (Brown) 8 Which 1960s car (sister to the Wolseley Hornet) was also a ‘mini with a boot’? (Riley Elf - full make and model required) 9 How are legionella bacteria passed on to humans? (Through fine water droplets such as sprays or mists) 10 What is the early sign of noise damaging your hearing? (Temporary deafness) GEOGRAPHY 1 What is the name of the village near Dorchester, built at the instigation of Prince Charles as a response against “modernist” architectural design? (Poundbury) 2 Which member of the Commonwealth is formed of ten Provinces and three Territories? (Canada) 3 In which range of Irish mountains does the River Liffey rise? (Wicklow Mountains) 4 What is the capital of Burkina Faso? (Ouagadougou) 5 In which English county is most of the Forest of Dean? (Gloucestershire) 6 What colour is a Geography pie in Trivial Pursuits? (Blue) 7 Cape York is the northernmost point of which Commonwealth country? (Australia) 8 Which African country was called Nyasaland until 1964? (Malawi) 9 What country is Budejowice in (pronounced boo day yo vit ze)? (The Czech Republic – it is also known as Budweis) 10 The River Hafren flows out of Wales near Crew Green in Shropshire. What is it called in English? (River Severn) HISTORY 1 What	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,502	"Alexander Pope wrote this epitaph for Sir Isaac Newton: ""Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night; God said 'Let Newton be' and all was light."" To the above, Sir John Collings Squire added: ""It did not last: the devil, shouting 'Ho. Let ___ be' restored the status quo."" Whom did the devil add?"	Quotes from the Mathematical Quotations Server Collected by Mark R. Woodard Furman University Adams, Douglas (1952 - 2001) Bistromathics itself is simply a revolutionary new way of understanding the behavior of numbers. Just as Einstein observed that space was not an absolute but depended on the observer's movement in space, and that time was not an absolute, but depended on the observer's movement in time, so it is now realized that numbers are not absolute, but depend on the observer's movement in restaurants. Life, the Universe and Everything. New York: Harmony Books, 1982. Adams, Douglas (1952 - 2001) The first nonabsolute number is the number of people for whom the table is reserved. This will vary during the course of the first three telephone calls to the restaurant, and then bear no apparent relation to the number of people who actually turn up, or to the number of people who subsequently join them after the show/match/party/gig, or to the number of people who leave when they see who else has turned up. The second nonabsolute number is the given time of arrival, which is now known to be one of the most bizarre of mathematical concepts, a recipriversexcluson, a number whose existence can only be defined as being anything other than itself. In other words, the given time of arrival is the one moment of time at which it is impossible that any member of the party will arrive. Recipriversexclusons now play a vital part in many branches of math, including statistics and accountancy and also form the basic equations used to engineer the Somebody Else's Problem field. The third and most mysterious piece of nonabsoluteness of all lies in the relationship between the number of items on the bill, the cost of each item, the number of people at the table and what they are each prepared to pay for. (The number of people who have actually brought any money is only a subphenomenon of this field.) Life, the Universe and Everything. New York: Harmony Books, 1982. Adams, Douglas (1952 - 2001) Numbers written on restaurant bills within the confines of restaurants do not follow the same mathematical laws as numbers written on any other pieces of paper in any other parts of the Universe. This single statement took the scientific world by storm. It completely revolutionized it. So many mathematical conferences got held in such good restaurants that many of the finest minds of a generation died of obesity and heart failure and the science of math was put back by years. Life, the Universe and Everything. New York: Harmony Books, 1982. Adams, John (1735 - 1826) I must study politics and war that my sons may have liberty to study mathematics and philosophy. My sons ought to study mathematics and philosophy, geography, natural history, naval architecture, navigation, commerce and agriculture in order to give their children a right to study painting, poetry, music, architecture, statuary, tapestry, and porcelain. Letter to Abigail Adams, May 12, 1780. Aiken, Conrad ...the music's pure algebra of enchantment. Anglin, W.S. Mathematics is not a careful march down a well-cleared highway, but a journey into a strange wilderness, where the explorers often get lost. Rigour should be a signal to the historian that the maps have been made, and the real explorers have gone elsewhere. "Mathematics and History", Mathematical Intelligencer, v. 4, no. 4. Anonymous If thou art able, O stranger, to find out all these things and gather them together in your mind, giving all the relations, thou shalt depart crowned with glory and knowing that thou hast been adjudged perfect in this species of wisdom. In Ivor Thomas "Greek Mathematics" in J. R. Newman (ed.) The World of Mathematics, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956. Anonymous Defendit numerus: There is safety in numbers. In J. R. Newman (ed.) The World of Mathematics, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956, p. 1452. Anonymous Like the crest of a peacock so is mathematics at the head of all knowledge. [An old Indian saying. Also, "Like the Crest of a Peacock" is the title of a book by G.G. Joseph] Anonymous Refer	1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? - Liverpool Echo News 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? 3. For which series of films were the actors Kenneth Williams and Sid James best known? 4. What is the name given to the largest bee in a hive? 5. Which alternative word for the Devil is a Hebrew word with translates as “Lord Of The Flies”? 6. On which TV island might you have found actor Ricardo Montalban? 7. Mozart’s opera, which was a continuation of The Barber Of Seville, was called The Marriage Of . . . who? 8. What is the nearest planet to the Sun? 9. What was the name of the road sweeper played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools And Horses? 10. What connects the answers above? 11. What was the nickname of the first Spice Girl to go solo? 12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay? 13. Which two actors were nominated for best actor awards at the Oscars in 1991, both for playing wheelchair-bound characters? 14. How is Eldrick Woods better known? 15. Who did Iain Duncan Smith beat in September, 2001, to become the leader of the Conservative Party? 16. Who was the main villain in the cartoon Wacky Races? 17. When the band Hear‘say formed, who was the oldest member at 24? 18. What is the name of the third book of the Bible? 19. What was advertised with Eva Herzagovia using the slogan “hello boys”? 20. Which model gave birth to her daughter, Lola, in September, 2002? 21. “All children, except one, grow up” is the opening line from which famous story? 22. How are Fizz, Milo, Jake and Bella better known collectively? 23. What number on the Beaufort Scale represents a hurricane? 24. In which film did Jodie Foster play a character called Tallulah? 25. What is pathophobia the fear of? 26. What was the title of the TV show Bonanza changed to? 27. What mountain range is the natural habitat of the llama? 28. What nationality was scientist Marie Curie? 29. Who played the title role in the TV series Worzel Gummidge? 30. Which toy was originally called the Pluto Platter when it was first introduced in 1957? 1. Mama Mia; 2. Galileo; 3. Carry On; 4. Queen; 5. Beelzebub; 6. Fantasy; 7. Figaro; 8. Mercury; 9. Trigger; 10. The song Bohemian Rhapsody; 11. Ginger Spice; 12. 400m; 13. Tom Cruise (for Born On The Fourth Of July) and Daniel Day-Lewis (for My Left Foot); 14. Tiger Woods; 15. Ken Clarke; 16. Dick Dastardly; 17. Kym Marsh; 18. Leviticus; 19. The Wonderbra; 20. Kate Moss; 21. Peter Pan; 22. The Tweenies; 23. 12; 24. Bugsy Malone; 25. Illness; 26. Ponderosa; 27. Andes; 28. Polish; 29. Jon Pertwee; 30. Frisbee Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,503	Which Scottish scientist is generally credited with the invention of the telephone?	Who is credited as inventing the telephone? Was it Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray, or Antonio Meucci? (Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress) Who is credited as inventing the telephone? Was it Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray, or Antonio Meucci? Alexander Graham Bell is often credited as the inventor of the telephone since he was awarded the first successful patent. However, there were many other inventors such as Elisha Gray and Antonio Meucci who also developed a talking telegraph. Attributing the true inventor or inventors to a specific invention can be tricky business. Often credit goes to the inventor of the most practical or best working invention rather than to the original inventor(s). This happens to be the case of the invention of the telephone! There is a lot of controversy and intrigue surrounding the invention of the telephone. There have been court cases, books, and articles generated about the subject. Of course, Alexander Graham Bell is the father of the telephone. After all it was his design that was first patented, however, he was not the first inventor to come up with the idea of a telephone. Antonio Meucci, an Italian immigrant, began developing the design of a talking telegraph or telephone in 1849. In 1871, he filed a caveat (an announcement of an invention) for his design of a talking telegraph. Due to hardships, Meucci could not renew his caveat. His role in the invention of the telephone was overlooked until the United States House of Representatives passed a Resolution on June 11, 2002, honoring Meucci's contributions and work. You can read the resolution (107th Congress, H Res 269) on Congress.gov . To make matters even more interesting some researchers suggest that Elisha Gray, a professor at Oberlin College, applied for a caveat of the telephone on the same day Bell applied for his patent of the telephone- these gentlemen didnï¿½t actually visit the Patent Office, their lawyers did on their behalf. In Historical First Patents: The First United States Patent for Many Everyday Things (Scarecrow Press, 1994), Travis Brown, reports that Bellï¿½s lawyer got to the patent office first. The date was February 14, 1876. He was the fifth entry of that day, while Grayï¿½s lawyer was 39th. Therefore, the U.S. Patent Office awarded Bell with the first patent for a telephone, US Patent Number 174,465 rather than honor Gray's caveat. However, some authors dispute this story and suggest that there was malfeasance by certain individuals at Patent Office, and possibly Bell himself. If someone asks who is credited with inventing the telephone, you can explain the controversy that still surrounds this question. Related Web Sites Alexander Graham Bell's Family Papers From the Library of Congress American Memory Web site, the collection includes "correspondence, scientific notebooks, journals, blueprints, articles, and photographs documenting Bell's invention of the telephone and his involvement in the first telephone company, his family life, his interest in the education of the deaf, and his aeronautical and other scientific research. Dates span from 1862 to 1939, but the bulk of the materials are from 1865 to 1920." Antonio Meucci A short history of Antonio Meucci from the Italian Historical Society of America. Antionio Meucci Revisited This Web page provides details of Antonio Meucci's telephone which includes drawings. Elisha Gray T	Inventors 1792-1871 Inventor of the Computer British mathematician and inventor, who designed and built mechanical computing machines on principles that anticipated the modern electronic computer. Babbage was born in Teignmouth, Devonshire, and was educated at the University of Cambridge. He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1816 and was active in the founding of the Analytical, the Royal Astronomical, and the Statistical societies. In the 1820s Babbage began developing his Difference Engine, a mechanical device that can perform simple mathematical calculations. Babbage started to build his Difference Engine, but was unable to complete it because of a lack of funding. However, in 1991 British scientists, following Babbage's detailed drawings and specifications, constructed the Difference Engine. The machine works flawlessly, calculating up to a precision of 31 digits, proving that Babbage's design was sound. In the 1830s Babbage began developing his Analytical Engine, which was designed to carry out more complicated calculations, but this device was never built. Babbage's book Economy of Machines and Manufactures (1832) initiated the field of study known today as operational research. 1888 - 1946 Scottish Inventor John Logie Baird is remembered as the inventor of mechanical television, radar and fiber optics. Born in 1888 in Helensburgh, Scotland, Baird learned a Calvinist work ethic from his father, a Presbyterian minister. He successfully tested in a laboratory in late 1925 and unveiled with much fanfare in London in early 1926, mechanical television technology was quickly usurped by electronic television, the basis of modern video technology. Nonetheless, Baird's achievements, including making the first trans-Atlantic television transmission, were singular and critical scientific accomplishments. Baird created a host of television technologies. Among them, phonovision, a forerunner of the video recorder, noctovision, an infra-red spotting system for "seeing" in the dark; open-air television, a theater-projection system; stereoscopic color TV; and the first high definition color TV. 1937 - English Inventor Trevor Baylis was born in Kilburn, London, in 1937. He was always an avid swimmer and by the age of 15 Baylis was swimming competitively for Britain. At 16 he joined the Soil Mechanics Laboratory in Southall and began studying mechanical and structural engineering at the local technical college. At 20 years of age he began his National Service as a physical training instructor, and he swam competitively for the Army and Imperial Services. Upon leaving the army in 1961, he joined Purley Pools as a salesman. He quickly advanced in this firm and was soon involved in research and development. He went on to start his own successful swimming pool company. His love of swimming led led Baylis to work as a stuntman on various television shows performing escape feats underwater. His other passion has been inventing, especially inventing products that might help the physically handicapped. In 1993, he watched a program about the spread of AIDS in Africa, which observed that in many regions radio was the only available media, but the need for batteries or electricity made them too expensive or too difficult to access. There was a need for an educational tool that did not rely on electricity. By 1996 Trevor Baylis was receiving numerous awards for his 'Clockwork Radio' which was powered by the occasional turn of a handle. Sir Christopher Sydney Cockerell CBE FRS Inventor of the Hovercraft Christopher Sydney Cockerell was born in 1910 at Cherry Hinton near Cambridge, the son of Sir Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, sometime private secretary to Sir William Morris and from 1908 to 1937 Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. The Cockerells were a talented family. The sons of Sydney John Cockerell, a London coal merchant, and Alice nee Bennett, the daughter of a City Watchmaker, Sir Sydneys elder brother, Theodore, was a biologist, his younger brother, Douglas, and eminent bookbinder; while Douglass son Sydney Maurice, two ye	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,504	What is the piece of turf called which is cut out of the ground by a golf club striking a ball?	Divot - definition of divot by The Free Dictionary Divot - definition of divot by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/divot Also found in: Thesaurus , Acronyms , Idioms . div·ot (dĭv′ət) n. 1. A piece of turf torn up by a golf club in striking a ball, or by a horse's hoof. 2. Scots A thin square of turf or sod used for roofing. [Scots, a turf.] (ˈdɪvət) n a piece of turf dug out of a grass surface, esp by a golf club or by horses' hooves [C16: from Scottish, of obscure origin] div•ot 1. a piece of turf gouged out with a golf club in making a stroke. 2. Scot. a piece of turf. [1530–40; orig. Scots] Piece of turf dug out by a properly played iron shot; it should be replaced. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. divot - (golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke; "it was a good drive but the ball ended up in a divot" golf , golf game - a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes cavity , pit - a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); "they dug a pit to bury the body" 2. divot - a piece of turf dug out of a lawn or fairway (by an animals hooves or a golf club) golf , golf game - a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes greensward , sod , sward , turf - surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots Translations	Index-a What does the workplace flexi-hours acronym TOIL stand for? Waterloo, the location of Napoleon's 1815 defeat, is in modern-day: France; Belgium; Spain; or Russia? G-BOAG, G-BOAC, and F-BVFC and the tragic F-BTSC designated what iconic 20thC invention? Name the core specialism of notable Anglo-Danish industrialist Sir Ove Nyquist Arup (1895-1988) and the global (Arup Group) corporation he created: Pharmacy; Structural engineering; Shipbuilding; or Food canning? The famous guitar maker founded in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1902 is: Gibson; Fender; Rickenbacker; or Gretsch? Calabria, flanked by the Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas, is the southern peninsular of which country? In the 1920s Japanese and Austrian physicians Kyusaku Ogino and Hermann Knaus devised the contraceptive method called popularly: Coil; Rhythm; Pill; or Condom? What boom caused gross exploitation of native people of Brazil and adjacent nations by European industrialists c.1879-1912: Rubber; Cotton; Gold; or Silk? What popular Spanish word has various meanings including go, hurry up, come on, let's go, up, upstairs, and above? If a fifth of the charges in a $60 bill are discounted by 25%, what is the total cost? What punning word is an animal's mother, a barrier, and a biblical expletive? The artists Monet, Manet, Degas and Cezanne are mainly noted for what style of art? Comprising 100 centavos, what is the currency of Brazil? What word, derived from Latin meaning to 'pay against the evil of something' refers to expressing disapproval? Ogilvy & Mather, WWP and James Walter Thompson famously operate in: Law; Advertising; Auditing; or Architectural design? What mathematical term originated from Arabic 'awar', meaning 'damage to goods', evolving through French terminology for an apportionment of shipping liabilities between owners of vessel and cargo? What herb is traditionally associated, besides garlic, with the pickling of a gherkin (US pickle)? Avian refers to: Birds; Bees; Apes; or Vikings? Derived from Latin for 'place', what anglicized French word commonly means 'instead' in formal communications? Which inspirational genius created the landmark film 'Modern Times' and its theme song, 'Smile', released in 1936? Brazil's first ever football match as a national team was in 1914 at Laranjeiras stadium, Rio de Janeiro state, against: Argentina; USA; Prussia; or Exeter City? What is/are 'pince-nez': Cream and wine sauce; Ferry tug-boats; Armless spectacles; or Four-legged trousers for dogs? The Arabic term 'Al-jebr' (reunion of broken parts) is famously associated with: Disaster relief; TV news; Twin skyscrapers; or Algebra? The UHF wireless technology developed by Eriksson in 1994 for data transfer between devices in close proximity is: Silverlip; Bluetooth; Rednose; or Goldeye? What is the '1c Magenta', which (at $20m) became the most expensive man-made object ever in terms of weight to value? A circular partner-swapping ballroom dance, named after a 1700s maritime leader, is the: William Bligh; Paul Jones; Horatio Nelson; or James Hook? The Stone Age was roughly how many years ago: 4-5,000; 50-100,000; 500,000-1million; or 1-2m? Originally a French portmanteau word combining a shoe and boot, what means 'wilfully destroy'? What is the recurring number when two-thirds is expressed as a decimal? A lodestone (or loadstone, from old English meaning 'leading-stone' or 'way-stone') is a naturally occurring what? Which controversial Swiss sports head, accused of racism, sexism and corruption 1990s-2000s, was once president of the World Society of Friends of Suspenders, which advocated women should not replace stockings and suspenders with pantyhose? Bambino is the family trust of which controversial business mogul, subject to criminal proceedings in Germany 2014? Boundary-pushing Dutch media corporation Endemol sought participants in 2014 for a reality show requiring the group to: Marry each other; Marry animals; Have face transplants; or Live indefinitely on Mars? The volcano Olympic Mons, three times taller than Mount Everest, and the highes	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,505	Which cricket journalist and former Test Match Special broadcaster died in January this year?	Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67 \| Sports - Geo.tv Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67 \| 0 0 LONDON: Respected English cricket journalist and commentator Christopher Martin-Jenkins has died of cancer at the age of 67, his former colleagues announced on Tuesday. Popularly known as 'CMJ' in Great Britain, Martin-Jenkins was one of the voices of Test Match Special on BBC Radio and previously worked for the Daily Telegraph and the Times. "Desperately sad to tell you that CMJ died peacefully this morning," his friend and colleague Jonathan Agnew said on Twitter. Martin-Jenkins also served as the president of Marylebone Cricket Club in 2010 and 2011. The official Twitter account of Lord's, the home of English cricket, wrote: "Former MCC President Christopher Martin-Jenkins has died. Sad, sad news to start the new year." Martin-Jenkins' son, Robin, played professional cricket for Sussex and made 162 first-class appearances for the country before retiring in 2010. Martin-Jenkins was diagnosed with terminal cancer in January 2012 and released his memoir, entitled 'CMJ: A Cricketing Life', the following April. Former England all-rounder and current broadcaster Ian Botham tweeted: "Very sad to hear of the death of the 'Major'... Christopher Martin Jenkins. Our thoughts are with the family . A true Gentleman !!" Agnew, a long-term collaborator with Martin-Jenkins at the BBC, praised his colleague for having earned the respect of the cricketing world despite having never played at the top level. "He was one of cricket's most respected writers and broadcasters," Agnew told BBC Radio 5 Live. "With modern media now preferring the views and experiences of former Test cricketers, Christopher's authority and respect was gained not through a high-profile playing career, but a deep-rooted love of the game. "It's doubtful if anyone has contributed more in a lifetime to the overall coverage of cricket than Christopher Martin-Jenkins." Current MCC president Mike Griffith said: "CMJ will be sorely missed. "Everyone at MCC shares the sadness now being felt by the cricketing world that his live commentaries will never be heard again." Giles Clarke, chairman of the England and Wales Cricket Board, said cricket had lost "one of its greatest champions". "Christopher was a supremely talented broadcaster and writer; a fount of knowledge about cricket -- both past and present; and, as a devoted supporter of Sussex, someone who cared deeply about County cricket and the wider recreational game," he said. David Richardson, chief executive of world governing body the International Cricket Council, also added his voice to the tributes. "There are few men in cricket who are known simply by the initials and the fact that Christopher was referred to simply as CMJ around the cricket world reflects his standing in the game," he said in a statement. "Cricket has lost two of its most revered commentators in the last few days with the passing of both CMJ and, last week, of Tony Greig. "I know that press boxes around the world will be deeply saddened by the death of two giants of the game and we pass on our condolences to both their families." (AFP) 0 0 Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67 was posted in sports of Geo TV - https://www.geo.tv on January 01, 2013 and was last updated on January 01, 2013. This news story is related to . Permanent link to the news story "Journalist Martin-Jenkins dies aged 67" is https://www.geo.tv/latest/54104-journalist-martin-jenkins-dies-aged-67 . More From Sports:	Wisden - Obituaries in 1996 WISDEN 1997 home Obituaries in 1996 ANDREW, FREDERICK JAMES, died suddenly on July 15, 1996, aged 59, at the annual Sir Garfield Sobers schools tournament in Barbados, an event he helped found. Jim Andrew was a fast-medium bowler who had a lengthy career with Gloucestershire but played only 21 first-class matches. He took five for eight, and ten for 91 in the match, against Kent at Dartford in 1962. But Andrew found his métier when he followed Reg Sinfield as cricket professional at Clifton College, where he spent 30 years and became an institution, insisting on the highest standards of play, dress and behaviour. According to the Old Cliftonian Society annual report: His all, impressive and bronzed figure at the controls of tractor or mower, and his piercing whistle, were a forbidding warning to any real or imagined malefactors trespassing on his precious Close. BOSE, BISMAL KRISHNA, who died on May 20, 1996, was Bihar's most successful Ranji Trophy bowler, taking 205 wickets at 16.59. He played for his state in 38 matches from 1940-41 to 1957-58, and captained the team for several seasons. BROUGHTON, SHAUN WALTER, died of viral encephalitis on his 20th birthday, May 1, 1996. He was a right-handed opening batsman who played two first-class matches for Natal B in 1995-96. BUSH, RONALD GEORGE, who died on May 10, 1996, aged 87, was one of two men (along with Alan Clark of Wellington) to have played in winning teams in both New Zealand's traditional inter-provincial cricket and rugby competitions: the Plunket Shield and the Ranfurly Shield. He was a seam bowler who played ten first-class matches for Auckland in the 1930s. During a rugby tour of Japan, he is said to have given his boots to the son of the Tokyo University captain, who later became commandant of a POW camp in Malaya. When an offer answered Yes to the question You know Ron Bush? conditions in the camp improved immediately. CLIFT, PATRICK BERNARD, died of bone marrow cancer on September 2, 1996, aged 43. Paddy Clift played Currie Cup cricket for Rhodesia before being recommended to Leicestershire by his compatriot, Brian Davison. He spent a year qualifying before making an astonishing impact in Leicestershire's match against MCC as champion county in April 1976. Against a team containing nine past or future England players, he took eight for 17 - five bowled and three lbw. Clift said he just bowled straight. In the next five sessions, only three wickets fell. He played for the county until 1987 without ever doing anything quite as spectacular, though his cricket was often dramatic. He took two hat-tricks, and one of his two centuries, made in 50 minutes at Hove in 1983, was the fastest ever made for Leicestershire. Since his batting was powerful, his seam bowling accurate with cunning changes of pace, and he was an athletic fielder, he was a natural one-day cricketer. This reputation tended to overshadow his first-class performances. In 1980 he moved his winter home to Natal, captained their Currie Cup team and settled in Durban with his family to work as a banker. He was an affable, popular, family man and his death cast a pall over Leicestershire's 1996 Championship celebrations. COLDWELL, LEONARD JOHN, died suddenly on August 6, 1996, aged 63. Len Coldwell had his finest hour at Lord's in 1962 when he bowled England to a nine-wicket victory over Pakistan on his Test debut in front of a 20,000 Saturday crowd. But he played only seven Tests in all, and was never really a man for the grand occasion. In county cricket, however, he was one of the most effective fast bowlers of the 1960s, and he battled on undemonstratively through a succession of injuries. What made him special was the partnership he formed with Jack Flavell. Together they took Worcestershire to the brink of the County Championship in 1962, and then to the club's first ever titles in 1964 and 1965. It was a classic pairing - Flavell bowling out-swing, Coldwell bowling in-swing - and enabled Worcestershire to supplant Yorkshire as the most feared team in the country. Col	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,506	Which Colorado mountain is the highest peak in the Rocky Mountains?	Pikes Peak, Rocky Mountain National Park's Longs Peak, Mount Evans, the Maroon Bells and Mount Sneffels are five of Colorado's most popular and most photographed mountains. And they're so beautiful, even the novice photographer will look like a pro. 1. Mount Elbert Mount Elbert is the tallest mountain in Colorado, coming in at 14,440 feet. It's also the second-highest peak in the contiguous United States. With such honors, you can imagine that the Sawatch Range peak is popular with climbers and hikers. Reachable from the home bases of Leadville and Twin Lakes , one of the best ways to see the peak (and its neighbor, Mount Massive) is from the window of the Leadville Colorado & Southern Railroad . Hikers are lucky, as there's a 4.5-mile trail that goes all the way to the lofty summit — though with an elevation gain of more than 4,500 feet along the way, they may not feel so lucky. Location: The north Mount Elbert trailhead is located off the Halfmoon Road southwest of Leadville, just past Elbert Creek Campground. Maroon Bells near Aspen 2. Maroon Bells (pictured) It’s said that the Maroon Bells (actually, two peaks: Maroon Peak and North Maroon Peak) are the most photographed peaks in Colorado's Rocky Mountains, and when you see them, you’ll understand why. With a reflective lake to cast back their beauty and a crystalline blue sky to frame their edges, the pyramid-like peaks of these sister mountains are a photographer’s dream. The naked faces of these often snow-dusted behemoths stand in contrast to the lush greenery of conifers and brillieant wildflowers that grow in their shadows. Maroon Bells hikers and bikers can access to a moderate 1.5-mile trail that rings the lake and provides many areas to stop and snap a shot. During the busy summer months, a shuttle from Aspen Highlands runs 9am–5pm that is the only way to reach the peaks (you can drive there outside of those hours). Maroon Creek Road is closed during the winter, so cross-country skiing, snowshoeing or snowmobiling are the only ways in. Location: From Glenwood Springs , travel southeast on Highway 82. 3. Pikes Peak At 14,115 feet, Pikes Peak is a monolithic monument named for explorer Zebulon Pike, whose travels left an indelible mark on the psyche of the American people and the Rocky Mountains. While Pike himself was never able to reach its summit, he was the first documented pioneer to try. Infused with historic significance, a picture of this mountain is more than just a shot of scenery — it’s a glimpse into Colorado’s identity. If you have an adventurous spirit, drive the Pikes Peak Highway to get your shot. It has more than 150 turns that traverse the mountain face, each one providing a vista worth photographing. If you prefer a different approach to the top, take the Pikes Peak Cog Railway , the highest of its kind in the world. Location: Take Highway 24 west out of Colorado Springs . 4. Longs Peak The centerpiece of Rocky Mountain National Park , Longs Peak regally stands at 14,255 feet. This odd-shaped peak juts up like an eroded box displaying both sharp corners and flat faces, including a flat summit. Thanks to these geometric angles, light and shadow compete throughout the day, providing dramatic contrasts and breathtaking photographs. Longs Peak takes its name from an explorer of the area, Major Stephen H. Long. In 1820, his group explored the Colorado territory’s newly defined northern boundary. Their party only witnessed this peak from afar, but even at a distance they found the largest mountain on the horizon fit to bear the name of their respected leader. When you encounter this Longs Peak, you’ll see why they were inspired to do so. For those looking for a "Longs Peak hike," you should look no further: Rocky Mountain National Park is careful to stipulate that there is no Longs Peak hike — it's a climb with vertical rock faces, narrow ledges and loose rock and should only be tackled by those experienced and prepared enough to do so. There is, however, a lovely hike within the park that offers great views and pics of the peak: The 2.8-mile Mil	The 14 Highest Mountains in the World Share By Stewart Green The world’s 14 highest mountains are an exclusive club of peaks whose summits tower more than 8,000 meters (26,247 feet) above sea level. These mountains, besides their highest main summit, also have 22 subsidiary summits , many of which have not been climbed. The Eight Thousanders all lie in the lofty Himalayan and Karakoram ranges in central Asia. Annapurna and Everest The first 8,000-meter peak climbed was Annapurna , the tenth highest peak, by French mountaineers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, who reached the summit on June 3, 1950. Herzog went on to write Annapurna , a best-selling but controversial account of the ascent . Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay were the first to stand atop Mount Everest , the roof of the world, on May 29, 1953. The Ultimate Climbing Challenge Climbing all 14 of the 8,000-meter peaks is a formidable challenge, undoubtedly one of the most difficult human endeavors possible. It would be easier and, of course, much safer to win a Super Bowl or Stanley Cup or even a golf Grand Slam. continue reading below our video How to Throw a Perfect Curve Ball in Baseball As of 2007, only 15 climbers have successful climbed and descended all the 8,000-meter peaks. Reinhold Messner , the great Italian mountaineer and perhaps the greatest of all Himalayan climbers, was the first person to climb all 14 peaks. He completed the task in 1986 at age 42, taking 16 years. The next year Polish climber Jerzy Kukuczka was the second, taking only eight years. The first American to climb them all is Ed Viesturs, who completed his quest in 2005. The 8,000-Meter Peaks Elevation: 29,035 feet (8,850 meters) Elevation: 28,253 feet (8,612 meters) Elevation: 28,169 feet (8,586 meters) Elevation: 27,890 feet 8,501 meters) Elevation: 27,765 feet (8,462 meters) Elevation: 26,906 feet (8,201 meters) Elevation: 26,794 feet (8,167 meters) Elevation: 26,758 feet (8,156 meters) Elevation: 26,658 feet (8,125 meters) Elevation: 26,545 feet (8,091 meters) Elevation: 26,470 feet (8,068 meters) Elevation: 26,400 feet (8,047 meters) Elevation: 26,360 feet (8,035 meters)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,507	Technically what must be specified in order for a given speed to be termed a velocity?	B B July 21, 2012 See also: Trick Play CIMM DEFINITION: Returns viewer to the previous screen. As distinguished from “Last” – primarily a Remote Control function – which returns the viewer to the last channel viewed. Usage of the term “Last” and its function varies across operators and platforms. July 21, 2012 See also Back Haul and Back Path CIMM DEFINITION: A return path connection that can be used by a Set-Top Box to communicate with the cable headend; Can be used to communicate to cable headend or the service provider. It applies to asymmetric data connections and is the slower of the two data paths in the connection. 2: “A communication channel that can be used by a Set-Top Box to communicate with the cable headend or other devices. Also known as Back Haul. A term used to describe the technology which provides the infrastructure for electronic traffic traveling from the subscriber to the platform company.” (Source: Nielsen) 3: “Term commonly used to describe the action of sending data back to a host server over a phone wire or cable pipe.” (Source: itvt.com/glossary) NOTE – Many other types of homes (with the exception of digital Set-Top Box homes) do not have backchannels. Satellite homes receive back signals from landline phone lines which vary from home to home. NOTE – Available bandwidth on the return path is severely limited within the existing digital cable environment, and exceeding bandwidth limits can be catastrophic —i.e., STB reboots, network downtime. Motorola systems are limited to a raw bitrate of 256 Kbps per node (i.e., 500 to 1500 STBs), much of which is consumed by the system itself, VOD session management, IPG interaction, interactive application processing, etc., Also, communication on this return path is limited to UDP, which does not guarantee delivery of information from STB to the back-end, and generates additional bandwidth usage by applications to confirm delivery and resend lost data. Cisco systems provide slightly more return path bandwidth and support TCP (i.e., guaranteed delivery of data), but typically reserve more return path bandwidth for system and resident application (e.g., SARA) use. Collecting STB measurement data with low Latency is a complex task, especially for census data. Load on the back channel is an issue in downloading STB data. (Source: FourthWall Media) NOTE – From Mediapost TV Board article by Weisler, Feb09- A way to get data back to the operator. Cable systems have a back channel but satellite operators can only send data back via the phone lines. Since not all satellite Set-Top Boxes connect to phone lines, this must be taken into account when receiving Set-Top Box data from satellite homes. Kantar Media Audiences says there is no significant difference in the satellite homes with and without the back channel. Rentrak says boxes are connected in different ways – some need to back channel to get scheduling data, others connect via broadband. It all varies by operator. More examination may be in order. Bandwidth July 21, 2012 CIMM DEFINITION: In computer networks, bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate – the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period (usually a second). Usually expressed in bits (of data) per second (bps). A link with a high bandwidth is one that may be able to carry enough information to sustain the succession of images in a video presentation. In electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range (or band) of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium. Here bandwidth is expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component. Since the frequency of a signal is measured in hertz (the number of cycles of change per second), a given bandwidth is the difference in hertz between the highest frequency the signal uses and the lowest frequency it uses. (Source: SearchEnterpriseWAN.com) 2: The transmission rate of a communications line or system, expressed as kilobits per second	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,508	Which supermodel wrote the book Swan?	BOOK REVIEW / Murder, intrigue, three Naomis . . . and me: Swan, Naomi Campbell; Heinemann, pounds 12.99 \| The Independent BOOK REVIEW / Murder, intrigue, three Naomis . . . and me: Swan, Naomi Campbell; Heinemann, pounds 12.99 Tuesday 6 September 1994 23:02 BST Click to follow The Independent Online WHO says models are thick? This novel has a plot, characters and postmodernism] The plot involves six girls' adventures in the glamorous world of fashion (celebrities, intrigue, murder]). The characters are, well, the six girls. But - and this is the postmodern bit - it incorporates no less than three versions of Naomi Campbell. There is the real supermodel who crops up from time to time, as she would, this being the glamorous world of fashion. 'Naomi Campbell was the first black model on the cover of Time and French Vogue,' says a girl at a fashion show. Then there is the narrator, Swan, a supermodel who spends her life on Concorde and having dinner with celebrities, just like Naomi. 'A supermodel can make anything look sexy,' she explains, 'and they say I'm the sexiest of them all.' But Swan can't 'be' Naomi - she's an upper-class white girl called Lavinia Crichton- Lake. So then there's Amy, a working-class black girl, 5'10' tall, raised in London by her single mum, who becomes a supermodel, just like the real Naomi. Clever, or what? But Naomi Campbell isn't any old model, she's a super model: icon of the age, won't get out of bed for less then pounds 10,000, blah, blah, blah. The big question is: why did she write a novel - or, as the posters are calling it, a supernovel? Here we run into that darn postmodernism again. As Naomi told The Face: 'It's a cute story. I'm writing it with someone - I have to do it on tape and send it off.' The person she sent it to was the clever British editor Caroline Upcher, who discovered The Bridges of Madison County and has produced a slick, Conranesque beach read for which she gets 'very special thanks' in the credits. Naomi has not, it seems, decided to become a real writer, a la Robert Newman. Naomi herself - according to a recent interview in the Sunday Times Magazine - says she wrote the book to get back at journalists who had misrepresented her life, and there is certainly quite a bit of payback. You don't have to be very clever (and as fashion writer and stylist Michael Roberts has said, Naomi is 'no Einstein') to work out that 'Lindy-Jane Johnson', the evil tabloid journalist who is trying to destroy Swan, has a remarkably similar name to Lesley-Ann Jones, the journalist whose unauthorised biography, Naomi, portrayed the supermodel's father as a convicted rapist, her mother as pushy and Naomi herself as a neurotic brat. I am proud to say that I play a small but vital part in exposing the wicked Lindy- Jane Johnson, after she tricks Swan into an interview. 'Hello, I'm Ruth Picardie,' I say on page 258, 'to do the piece for the Independent'. I make a haughty gesture towards Lindy-Jane, sadly not captured in the book. 'I wouldn't have thought,' I say 'your publishers would let someone like her near you. It's not as if she writes for the good pages or anything.' Naomi, I love you. The more important motive for writing this book is the Great Supermodel Conundrum. Naomi is super-rich: though barred from a lucrative cosmetics contract because of the colour of her skin, she is reported to earn pounds 25,000 a day. Naomi is superyoung, though how young is something of a mystery: according to book blurb she is 23, though American Vogue devoted a page to her 21st birthday in May 1991, which would make her 24. And Naomi is a super-icon, whose look (hard, sexy, post- grunge) is back in fashion. But, like all supermodels - including the ones in the book - Naomi is unfulfilled, can't stand the fact that her life is all about looking pretty, and is desperate to prove she is a clever, interesting, Real Person. Superconfusing, no? More about:	CNN.com - Transcripts transcripts Sarah Ferguson Gives Tips on How to `Win the Weight Game' Aired January 11, 2000 - 9:00 p.m. ET THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. LARRY KING, HOST: Tonight, she's gone from storybook royal bride to working single mom -- Sarah, the duchess of York, joins me for the entire hour, and you can call her, too, next on LARRY KING LIVE. It's always a great pleasure to have her with us. Sorry, we can't be in the same studio, but she's in Washington; we're in Los Angeles. And there is the lovely Sarah Ferguson. The duchess of York is author of a new book called "Win the Weight Game." There you see its cover. The subtitle: "Successful Strategies for Living Well." Just published by Simon & Schuster. The book addresses how the female body undergoes changes over time, and successful strategies to deal with it. How did you learn these strategies, Sarah? SARAH FERGUSON, AUTHOR, "WIN THE WEIGHT GAME": Well firstly, hi, Larry. KING: Hi, dear. FERGUSON: And secondly... KING: Nice seeing you. FERGUSON: And secondly, do you think you could ask the cameras to not show my face on, because I'm looking straight at you, and there's a bit of delay. That's better. Now I can concentrate. KING: Good. I hate that, too. FERGUSON: You see, actually it's a bit of a put-off, isn't it, because we're slightly behind, aren't we? KING: We're about a half a second. FERGUSON: OK, never mind. KING: Back to the question. FERGUSON: Back to the question. The question is that I decided to make this book different, Larry, because it's about emotional eating, and it's about like, for example, when my mother died, I put on nine pounds, and I realized that I wasn't dealing with the death, I was comfort eating. And so I wrote it in book about what it is like if you open bank statement or you open a bill, and you start eating in order to compensate for the fears that might be in the bill or whatever else. KING: Do you think that's a common problem among people who are overweight, that they eat emotionally? FERGUSON: I do actually, and I think that's why this book hopefully will get out there and really tell people -- really help people to see if they can do something about changing their lives, because I do think under the stresses of everyday life, we really are -- we really do use food as a crutch to get us through our days. KING: Now, some people turn to drugs, some turn to alcohol, some turn to various concepts. Do you know why those who overeat overeat? FERGUSON: Well, in my particular case, which what I'm talking about, I used food as my escapism. It could have been drugs, or alcohol or anything else, but that was my escape route and my form of addiction. And it really is so punishing, because it's so mood altering and it really changes your everyday -- and I think food is so easy to get hold of. KING: Also, do you know it when you're doing it? In other words, do you know, hey, I'm eating now because my mother died? FERGUSON: No, not at all. Since I've been with Weight Watchers and the support of Weight Watchers, I now actually do understand about it, but it's taken an awful long time. And I used scenario of -- do you remember that James Stewart movie "Harvey"... KING: Sure. FERGUSON: ... when he always thinks he's got a friend, a big white rabbit? KING: Right. FERGUSON: Well, I always think that the way to deal with weight, or health, or fitness or whatever situation where you want to take control of your life is actually pretend you have yourself sitting on bed with you and you talk to yourself and say, you know, what do you want to change? What is it about you that you're not happy with when you look in the mirror? But really, I'm talking more from the health angle rather than I am about just food and fat issues. It's about really taking control here in the 2000 century -- century -- in the year 2000 is taking control and making your life better. KING: Do -- when you gain and lose weight a lot, do your emotions change, too, like do you ge	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,509	Who has twice been Prime Minister of Italy - from 1996 to 1998 and from 2006 to 2008?	President Romano Prodi - Speaker Profile \| Celebrity Speakers President Romano Prodi Former Prime Minister of Italy, President of the European Commission (1999 - 2004) President Romano Prodi served as President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) of Italy twice, from 1996 - 1998 and 2006 - 2008. He became President of the European Commission at a time of crisis, from 1999 - 2004. In 2008, he was named by the UN as president of the African Union - UN peacekeeping panel. In 2009, he was appointed Professor-at-Large at the Watson Institute for International Studies of Brown University. "One of Italy's most successful post-war Prime Ministers" In detail Romano Prodi graduated in economics at Milan's Catholic University and did postgraduate studies at the London School of Economics. He also spent a year as visiting professor at Harvard in 1974. He has received almost 20 honorary degrees from institutions in Italy, and from the rest of Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa. From 1982-1989 and 1993-1994 Prodi was CEO of the powerful state-owned industrial holding company IRI. He surprised everyone by successfully getting Italy accepted as a member of the single European currency against all odds. What he offers you Romano Prodi, an expert economist and negotiator and prominent pro-European, provides his worldwide audiences with insights into his commitment to deliver on all issues from leading state-run industries to successful international political negotiation. His low-key style of government by consensus and compromise won over millions of Italians, achieving continued success through a carefully managed policy of government financial and fiscal discipline. How he presents A seasoned, thoughtful and articulate world leader, Romano Prodi is a man of concrete deeds who has an understated style, backed up by delivery and action. Languages He presents in Italian & English. Want to know more? Give us a call or send us an e-mail to find out exactly what he could bring to your event. How to book President Romano Prodi? Simply phone, fax or e-mail us. Topics Italian Politics The Future of Europe	1978- Year of 3 Popes - TU ES PETRUS 1978: The Year Of The Three Popes The year 1978 will long be remembered as the year of the three popes. The not unexpected death of Pope Paul VI on August 6th, 1978 was followed on August 26th by the election of the "Smiling Pope," John Paul I. Reigning only 33 days, the length in years of Our Lord's earthy life, he died in his sleep of a heart attack on September 28th. Only a few weeks later on October 16th, 1978 the College of Cardinals elected the "Polish Pope" John Paul II to the chair of Peter. Pope Paul VI Giovanni Battista Montini was born on September 26th, 1897 in Concesio, 8km. (5 miles) from Brescia, in the Lombardi region of northern Italy. Ordained to the priesthood at Brescia on May 29th, 1920, he undertook further studies in Rome, including the Gregorian University. From 1924 until his ordination as archbishop of Milan on December 12th, 1954, he served the Secretariate of State of the Holy See in various capacities, including a 17 year tenure (1937-1954) as Undersecretary of State during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII, with whose own career he was closely associated. Pope John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals on December 15, 1958. he succeeded this greatly beloved Pope as Supreme pontiff on June 21st 1963, taking the name of the Apostle to the Gentiles. Pope John Paul I Albino Luciani was born on October 17th, 1912 in Forno de Canale. This small town is called today Canale d'Agordo, and is located 29 km. (18 miles) from Belluno in the province of Veneto, Italy, in which Venice is also to be found. He was ecucated in the minor (high school) and major (college) seminaries of the diocese of Belluno and ordained to the priesthood on July 7, 1935, later receiving a doctorate in sacred theology (S.T.D.) from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. He returned to the diocese to serve as seminary vice-rector from 1937 to 1947, also teaching in the areas of dogmatic and moral theology, canon law and sacred art. From 1947 he served as vicar general of the diocese, until his ordination as bishop of Vittorio Venuto on December 27th 1958. Bishop Luicani participated in all the sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), and on December 15th, 1969 was appointed Archbishop and Patriarch of Venice. Pope Paul VI made him a cardinal on March 5, 1973. On being elected to succeed Pope Paul as Supreme Pontiff on August 26, 1978, he took the names of his immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI, the first Pope in history to do so. Significant acts of his papacy: While Pope John Paul I delivered 19 addresses and was noted for his good humor, especially with children, no significant papal acts are attributed to his pontificate. Pope John Paul II Karol Wojtyla was born in Wadowice, Poland (near Krakow) on May 18, 1920. In 1938 he became a student of theatre and poetry in the university of Krakow, but had to undertake manual labor in a stone quarry and chemical plant when the Nazis invaded Poland at the beginning of World War II. In 1942 he began secret studies for the priesthood in an "underground" seminary of the Archbishop of Krakow and was ordained to the priesthood on November 1, 1946. After ordination he was sent to Rome to complete doctoral studies at the University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum). He then undertook a brief parish career, combining pastoral work with the attainment of a second doctorate at the Catholic University of Lublin, to which he was assigned to teach ethics in 1954. On Septemeber 28th, 1958 he was ordained to the episcopacy as the Auxiliary Bishop of Krakow, to which See he succeeded as Archbishop on January 13, 1964. As Auxiliary and then Archbishop he participated in all the sessions of the Second Vatican Council. Pope Paul VI made him a Cardinal on June 26, 1967. After the death of Pope Paul he was an elector in the conclave that chose Pope John Paul	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,510	The traditional proofreading mark of a wavy line beneath a passage of text gives instruction to change it to?	Proofreader's Marks Delete the word(s) or letter(s) indicated with a loop through them. close up There is an extra space. Delete it. Sometimes I use this when you have spelled a single word incorrectly as two words. indent An arrow pointing to a line at the beginning of a paragraph means you should indent the first line of your paragraph. In front of a long quoted passage, it means you should indent the entire passage. The vertical line indicates approximately how far you should indent. # You need extra space, usually between two words that have been run together. = Three lines under a letter or word means it should be capitalized ^ insert A caret mark between two words means you should add the word or phrase I've suggested at that point / slash A slash with letters or punctuation marks indicates you should add the character or characters indicated // parallel Two slanted lines indicates that you have used an unparallel construction for a list or in another situation where the meaning of your sentence would be clearer if the parts were stated in the same manner. ¶ paragraph This symbol indicates you should start a new paragraph. Often when this is marked, the resulting paragraphs need to be developed. You have switched topics in mid-paragraph and haven't fully explored them. ag agency This is when the subject of your sentence isn't the real actor. For instance, you might write: 'The story thought humans were created out of clay.' Since stories don't think, this sentence doesn't make sense. agree agreement Most commonly, this is marked when the subject and verb do not agree in numberyou have a plural noun with a singular verb, for instance. Sometimes it is the pronoun and its referent which do not agree in number or person. awk awkward The underlined phrase is grammatically correct, but there is a clearer, more concise way to phrase it. cs comma splice Two independent sentences have been joined by a comma, with no conjunction or other means to correctly join them. dm dangling modifier This is when the implied subject of the dependent clause is not the subject of the sentence that follows. Revise this by adding the correct subject to the clause. exp expand Tell more about the topic you just raised. Usually there is evidence from the text that you should use to back up an assertion you have made or the issue is more complicated than you have indicated from your discussion of it. expl explain As with 'expand,' you need to discuss this topic more in your paper, explaining why you hold the view you do or where you see evidence of it in the text. ev evidence You need to show where you found evidence in the text to support the point you are trying to make. font font size The size font appears bigger than 12 pt or you have chosen a font that sets significantly bigger than Times or Helvetica. Please use 12 pt Times or an equivalent legible font for your essays. 10 pt is acceptible, especially if you don't have Times or Helvetica and need to use Courier or another font that looks big on the page. frag fragment This is when a sentence lacks a subject and a verb or when it is a dependent clause and therefore can not stand alone as a sentence. Often you can revise this error by linking the fragment to the sentence before or after it, though sometimes it is better to add the subject. fused fused Two independent sentences have been run together as if they are one, with no conjunction or other means to correctly join them. inc incomplete Similar to a fragment, this is when a word is missing from your sentence. I often mark an 'x' in the sentence where I think you need the word iq introduce the quote Whenever you quote from a text, you should integrate the quoted passage into your essay by providing a phrase or sentence that sets up the context of the quote, introduces who is speaking, and begins an interpretation. After a quotation, you should also explain the significance of the quoted passage. mixed This is when the grammar of your sentence switches in mid sentence. mm misplaced modifier This is when word or phrase (usually und	'Be afraid, be very afraid' - the meaning and origin of this phrase Famous Last Words Browse phrases beginning with: Be afraid, be very afraid Meaning Ostensibly, a warning that something dangerous is imminent. In reality, this is usually said with comic intent. The thing being warned of is more likely to be mildly unwelcome than actually dangerous; for example, "That fierce librarian was asking about your overdue books - be afraid, be very afraid." Origin This phrase originated in the 1986 horror film The Fly, written by the Canadian David Cronenberg and starring Jeff Goldblum (as Seth Brundle) and Geena Davis (as Veronica Quaife). The shortened expression 'be very afraid' was already in use in the USA prior to 1986; for example, it was used in the television series All My Children in 1970. The plot of The Fly has Brundle as a scientist experimenting with teleportation. The scientist is brilliant but eccentric and, naturally, the casting director thought of Goldblum. Just as naturally, before we get far into the film, the experiments begin to go wrong. Quaife is a reporter working on the teleportation story. When it becomes clear that Brundle is starting to turn into an insect, he pleads with one of the characters "don't be afraid" and Quaife's response is: "No. Be afraid. Be very afraid." An example of one of the few phrases in English that contains punctuation. This was used as a tag line in the film's publicity posters. They also used, "Half man, half insect ... total terror!" and "Something went wrong in the lab today... something very wrong". David Cronenberg, George Langelaan and Charles Edward Pogue were the writers on the film, with the storyline being provided by George Langelaan. It is the imagery of portentous warnings from the Bible and literature that the film's screenwriters called on to give weight to the line; for example, Shelley's sonnet, Ozymandias: "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" There are many similar examples from the Bible, including Isaiah 32:11-11 ( King James Version ): "Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones ..." Of course, 'be' and 'afraid' are common enough words to have appeared together many times before that, as in Macbeth, 1605: I will not be afraid of death and bane, Till Birnam forest come to Dunsinane. For the use of 'be afraid' as a stand-alone warning, we go back to the Bible. In Romans 13:4-4, in the King James Version , we find: "For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil." Twenty years has been long enough for the phrase to have been taken into the language, and it is now well enough established to have the shortened form of simply 'be afraid'.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,511	What did composer Berlioz originally study?	Hector Berlioz \| French composer \| Britannica.com French composer Leonard Bernstein Hector Berlioz, in full Louis-Hector Berlioz (born December 11, 1803, La Côte-Saint-André, France —died March 8, 1869, Paris), French composer, critic, and conductor of the Romantic period, known largely for his Symphonie fantastique (1830), the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette (1839), and the dramatic piece La Damnation de Faust (1846). His last years were marked by fame abroad and hostility at home. Hector Berlioz. The Bettmann Archive Early career The birthplace of Berlioz was a village about 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Grenoble in the French Alps. France was at war; the schools were disrupted; and Berlioz received his education from his father, an enlightened and cultured physician, who gave him his first lessons in music as well as in Latin. But, like many composers, Berlioz received in his early years little formal training in music. He worked out for himself the elements of harmony and by his 12th year was composing for local chamber-music groups. With help from performers, he learned to play the flute and the guitar , becoming a virtuoso on the latter. In 1821 his father sent him to Paris to study medicine, and for a year he followed his courses faithfully enough to obtain his first degree in science. He took every opportunity to go to the Paris-Opéra , however, where he studied, score in hand, the whole repertory, in which the works of Gluck had for him the most appeal and authority. His musical vocation had become so clear in his mind that he contrived to be accepted as a pupil of Jean-François Lesueur , professor of composition at the Paris Conservatoire . This led to disagreements between Berlioz and his parents that embittered nearly eight years of his life. He persevered, took the obligatory courses at the Conservatoire, and in 1830 won the Prix de Rome , having received second prize in an earlier competition. These successes pacified his family but were, in a sense, incidental to his career, for in the same year he had finished and obtained a performance of his first great score, which is also a seminal work in 19th-century music, the Symphonie fantastique . It was in some respects unfortunate that, instead of being able to follow up this success, Berlioz was required, under the terms of his prize, to spend three years abroad, two of them in Italy. During his long Paris apprenticeship, he had experienced the “revelation” of two modern musicians, Beethoven and Weber, and of two great poets, Shakespeare and Goethe. He had meanwhile fallen in love, at a distance, with Harriet Smithson, a Shakespearean actress who had taken Paris by storm; and, on the rebound from this rather one-sided attachment, he had become engaged to a brilliant and beautiful pianist, Camille Moke (later Mme Pleyel). In leaving Paris, Berlioz was not only leaving a flirtatious fiancée and the artistic environment that had stimulated his powers; he was also leaving the opportunity to demonstrate what his genius saw that modern French music should be. The public was content with the “Paris school,” dating back to the 1780s, and there is evidence that all Europe (including the Vienna of Beethoven and Schubert) accepted the productions of André Grétry, Étienne Méhul, Luigi Cherubini , and their followers as leading the musical world. Britannica Stories EU Considers Rules For Robots Berlioz wanted to bring forward the work of Weber and Beethoven (including the last quartets) and add contributions of his own. He also preached, for the sake of dramatic expression in music, a return to the master of the stage, Gluck, whose works he knew by heart. These three musicians were all in some sense dramatists, and to Berlioz music must first and foremost be dramatically expressive. This doctrine he had begun to expound in his first musical reviews, as early as 1823, and, with the sharpness and strength of an early vision, it remained the artistic creed of his mature years. When one understands its intellectual and intuitive basis, one understands also the reasons for h	Bruckner - Composers - Classic FM Classic FM Anton Bruckner (1824–1896) was an Austrian composer known for his symphonies, masses, and motets. Life and Music Bruckner's father was the local church organist and his mother a singer in the choir. However, he didn't begin his formal music training until he was 11, when he spent five years as a choirboy at the monastery of St Florian (near Linz). Starting out professional life as a music teacher, Bruckner made a few attempts at small-scale composition, although it was not until 1848 that he felt inspired to produce his first notable work, the Requiem in D minor. Having been appointed organist back at St Florian, most of Bruckner's energies remained on teaching and the organ, an instrument upon which he had become widely recognised as one of Europe's greatest exponents. On attending a performance of Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser, the 38-year-old Bruckner felt driven to make composition his main vocation. Inspired by Wagner's example, he set to work on an Overture in G minor and the (unnumbered) Symphony in F minor, which were gradually followed over the next three years by Symphonies Nos. '0' and 1, and his first indisputable masterpiece, the Mass in D minor of 1864. The sheer strain caused by the hours of constant study in addition to his professional responsibilities, resulted in an acute nervous collapse early in 1867. Recovered, in 1867 he took a teaching post in Vienna at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. In 1875, Bruckner became the first lecturer in harmony and counterpoint at the University of Vienna. Bruckner's final years were largely devoted to the composition of the Ninth Symphony, which remained tantalisingly incomplete at the time of his death. Did you know? Bruckner took a Vienna Conservatory diploma, at which Johann Herbeck, the chief examiner and distinguished conductor, exclaimed: "He should have examined us! If I knew just one tenth of what he knows, I'd be happy."	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,512	Who is credited with overseeing the development of the computer mouse?	Douglas Engelbart, inventor of the computer mouse, has died \| PCWorld Douglas Engelbart, inventor of the computer mouse, has died Senior U.S. Correspondent, IDG News Service \| Jul 3, 2013 10:36 PM PT Email a friend Use commas to separate multiple email addresses From Your message has been sent. Sorry There was an error emailing this page. More like this Prototype lets blind 'feel' smartphone display Douglas Engelbart, a Silicon Valley engineer who invented the computer mouse and is credited with many of the concepts that underpin modern computing and the Internet, died on Tuesday at his home in Atherton, California. He was 88. Born in 1925, Engelbart was coming of age as World War II raged in Europe. He joined the U.S. Navy as an electronic and radar technician, and after the war studied electrical engineering at Oregon State University. He went on to complete a master’s degree and Ph.D. at the University of California at Berkeley, where he was also an assistant professor. About a year later, in 1957, he joined the Stanford Research Institute (today called SRI International), which was just over a decade old. From 1959 until 1977 he led the organization’s Augmentation Research Center, and in 1963 came up with the concept of the computer mouse . File photo, SRI International Douglas Engelbart and the computer mouse he invented The mouse would go on to revolutionize personal computing, but the public didn’t get their first look at it until several years later. In a presentation at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco on Dec. 9, 1968, he introduced the concepts of hypertext linking, real-time text editing, the use of multiple windows, and teleconferencing. He also showed a set of three devices that worked together to control a computer. “We have a pointing device called a mouse, a standard keyboard and a special key set,” he told the audience. The demonstration can be seen in archive footage on YouTube . In a world of mainframe computers controlled by keyboards, the mouse was a new idea. “I don’t know why we call it a mouse. Sometimes I apologize. It started that way and we never did change it,” he said, explaining the name to his audience. A year later, the Augmentation Research Center underscored its importance in computing by becoming the second node of the ARPANET, the predecessor to today’s Internet. “Doug was a giant who made the world a much better place and who deeply touched those of us who knew him,” Curtis Carlson, president and CEO of SRI, said in a statement. “SRI was very privileged and honored to have him as one of our ‘family.’ He brought tremendous value to society. We will miss his genius, warmth and charm. Doug’s legacy is immense—anyone in the world who uses a mouse or enjoys the productive benefits of a personal computer is indebted to him.” Engelbart received numerous awards for this work through the latter years of his life. They included the National Medal of Technology in 2000, the Lemelson-MIT Prize in 1997 and the Turing Award, also in 1997. To comment on this article and other PCWorld content, visit our Facebook page or our Twitter feed. Related:	YouTube Undo Close "Dr Hook ~ Sy..." The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. Sorry about that.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,513	The first father and son win at the Oscars was in 1948 when John Huston won the award for Directing and for Writing Adapted Screenplay and his father Walter Huston won the award for Best Supporting Actor. Which film had they worked on together to win these awards?	The History of the Academy Awards: Best Picture – 1948 \| News from the Boston Becks News from the Boston Becks The life and times of Erik, Veronica and Thomas 26 June, 2010 The History of the Academy Awards: Best Picture – 1948 [4] Comments Laurence Olivier and Jean Simmons in the "Get thee to a nunnery" scene in Hamlet (1948) The 21st Academy Awards, for the film year 1948 . The nominations were announced on February 10, 1949 and the awards were held on March 24, 1949. Best Picture: Hamlet The Treasure of the Sierra Madre The Red Shoes Most Surprising Omission: The Search Best Eligible Film Not Nominated: Red River Rank (out of 82) Among Best Picture Years: #39 The Race: Before the end of January, what would end up being the best reviewed film of 1948 (one which later critics would agree) had already been released: The Treasure of the Sierra Madre. But Treasure wasn’t nearly as much of a hit at the box office as either Johnny Belinda or The Snake Pit. Johnny Belinda ended up being Warner Bros. biggest hit of the year and The Snake Pit ended up as the highest grossing film of the year. All three films were in the race along with Red River, the film that, as John Ford put it, showed that John Wayne could act, and The Search, the big hit from newcomer Montgomery Clift (who also starred in Red River). But the real competition turned out to be from Britain, where Michae Powell’s The Red Shoes and Laurence Olivier’s film version of Hamlet were critical hits. The first of the awards didn’t seem to bring much to the race as The National Board of Review gave Best Picture and Director to Paisan, an Italian film that hadn’t yet opened in Los Angeles and thus wasn’t eligible. Their Top 10 did include all of the major contenders except for Red River. The New York Film Critics went with Treasure for Best Picture and Director but their Best Actor award went to Olivier and Hollywood began to get a bit nervous. The Golden Globes added to the haul for Treasure, as it won Best Picture and Director (tying for Picture with Johnny Belinda), though Olivier again won Best Actor. The Writers Guild and Directors Guild decided to get into the awards act and Treasure and Snake Pit would both win WGA awards, but both awards were announced months after the Oscars. The Results: Things suddenly looked good for Johnny Belinda on nomination day when it received 12 nominations, tied for second all-time, becoming only the second film (along with Mrs. Miniver) to get nominated for Picture, Director, Screenplay and all four acting awards. Hamlet was in a distant second with only 7 nominations and had not received a Screenplay nomination, something no film had won Best Picture without since 1933 (though that film was Cavalcade, the only British film to win Best Picture). Johnny Belinda was favored to win and Variety predicted that it would. However, when Ethel Barrymore went up to announce Best Picture, it was more up in the air. Johnny Belinda had only won one award (Actress), Treasure had yet to lose, winning Director, Screenplay and Supporting Actor and Hamlet was tied for the lead with Treasure with 3 Oscars on the night. Barrymore opened the envelope and was clearly disappointed to find Hamlet inside as she had publicly criticized the film as being inferior to her brother John’s stage production. But Hamlet had won. Bearing in mind that the book Oscar Dearest by Peter H. Brown and Jim Pinkston has numerous errors and is incredibly subjective, it notes some interesting back story to this race. After previous nominations for British films like Henry V and Great Expectations, the studios were beginning to panic when Hamlet seemed to be rising to the top of the class. As detailed on pages 30-32, executives from the Big Five (Warner Bros, MGM, Paramount, 20th Century Fox and RKO) met in New York and decided to withdraw their financial support from the Academy (according to Tom O’Neill, it was actually the three minor-major companies, Columbia, Republic and Universal that withdrew; Inside Oscar claims that the Big Five withdrew and	1957 Academy Awards® Winners and History Witness For the Prosecution (1957) Actor: ALEC GUINNESS in "The Bridge On The River Kwai" , Marlon Brando in "Sayonara" , Anthony Franciosa in "A Hatful of Rain", Charles Laughton in "Witness for the Prosecution", Anthony Quinn in "Wild Is the Wind" Actress: JOANNE WOODWARD in "The Three Faces of Eve", Deborah Kerr in "Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison", Anna Magnani in "Wild is the Wind", Elizabeth Taylor in "Raintree County", Lana Turner in "Peyton Place" Supporting Actor: RED BUTTONS in "Sayonara" , Vittorio De Sica in "A Farewell to Arms", Sessue Hayakawa in "The Bridge On The River Kwai" , Arthur Kennedy in "Peyton Place", Russ Tamblyn in "Peyton Place" Supporting Actress: MIYOSHI UMEKI in "Sayonara" , Carolyn Jones in "The Bachelor Party", Elsa Lanchester in "Witness for the Prosecution", Hope Lange in "Peyton Place", Diane Varsi in "Peyton Place" Director: DAVID LEAN for "The Bridge On The River Kwai" , Joshua Logan for "Sayonara" , Sidney Lumet for "12 Angry Men" , Mark Robson for "Peyton Place", Billy Wilder for "Witness for the Prosecution" This awards ceremony, held on March 26, 1958 and broadcast live, was the first TV production to be produced by the motion picture industry itself. The entire show was broadcast from Hollywood - there were no cut-ins from New York as in the previous five years. The number of competitive categories, which had grown to 30 in the previous year, was now downsized to 24. Unfortunately, the presentations were overshadowed by the recent death (March 22, 1958) four days earlier of the previous year's Best Picture producer/winner Michael Todd, husband of Elizabeth Taylor. And Columbia Pictures' legendary but often-despised boss Harry Cohn, one of the original founders of the studio that produced the Best Picture winner this year, also died a month before the ceremony, on February 27, 1958. The big winner in 1957 was David Lean's epic (almost three hour long) prison-war film based on Pierre Boulle's best-selling World War II novel The Bridge On The River Kwai (with eight nominations and seven Oscars - Best Picture (producer Sam Spiegel), Best Actor (Alec Guinness), Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Musical Score (including the catchy British whistling military march - 'Colonel Bogey's March'), and Best Film Editing). The large-scale film was financed and distributed by Columbia Studios, but used a British cast and crew almost entirely. [The true screenwriters for the Best Picture winner were blacklisted Michael Wilson and Carl Foreman (who received no screen credit). They were posthumously awarded Oscars in 1984.] The war-time film centered on a battle of wills between an obsessed and rigid British colonel and a Japanese POW camp commander within a prison camp deep in an Asian jungle - with the theme of the folly of war. [Historically, this was the second Best Picture Oscar for a British film.] The Best Director Oscar was David Lean's first Oscar after three previous nominations ( Brief Encounter (1946) , Great Expectations (1947), and Summertime (1955)), and it was Lean's first sweeping epic picture - the kind of film for which he would became famous. He also became	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,514	Which popular card game takes its name from the Spanish for 'Basket' ?	Card Games \| Britannica.com Card Games game played for pleasure or gambling (or both) with one or more decks of playing cards. Displaying Featured Card Games Articles Pokémon 20th- and 21st-century Japanese fantasy-based cartoon creatures that spawned a video- and card-game franchise. In the Pokémon —or “Pocket Monsters”—video-game series, players were able to explore the game’s fictional world by looking for wild Pokémon creatures to capture and tame. As Pokémon trainers, they readied the small monsters to compete in battle... blackjack gambling card game popular in casinos throughout the world. Its origin is disputed, but it is certainly related to several French and Italian gambling games. In Britain since World War I, the informal game has been called pontoon. Players hope to get a total card value of 21 or to come closer to it, without going over, than the dealer, against whom... tarot any of a set of cards used in tarot games and in fortune-telling. Tarot decks were invented in Italy in the 1430s by adding to the existing four-suited pack a fifth suit of 21 specially illustrated cards called trionfi (“triumphs”) and an odd card called il matto (“the fool”). (The fool is not the origin of the modern joker, which was invented in the... euchre card game popular in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and Great Britain, especially in Cornwall and the West Country of England. It derives from a 19th-century Alsatian game called juckerspiel from the fact that its two top trumps are Jucker, meaning “ jack.” This word may also have influenced the choice of the term joker for the extra card... solitaire family of card games played by one person. Solitaire was originally called (in various spellings) either patience, as it still is in England, Poland, and Germany, or cabale, as it still is in Scandinavian countries. The terms patience and solitaire have been applied to indicate any one-player card-related activity, including building card houses, flipping... cribbage card game in which the object is to form counting combinations that traditionally are scored by moving pegs on a special cribbage board. The appeal of the game, usually played by two but with a popular variant played by four or occasionally by three, is evident from two facts: few changes have been made in the original rules, and it remains one of... hanafuda (Japanese: “flower cards”), deck of 48 cards divided into 12 suits of four cards. Each suit is named for a month of the year and pictures a flower identified with that month. The cards are tiny, only 2 1 8 by 1 1 4 inches (5.4 by 3.2 cm), but about three times thicker than Western cards. Hanafuda evolved after the Portuguese took Western cards to Japan... whist trick-taking card game developed in England. The English national card game has passed through many phases of development, being first recorded as trump (1529), then ruff, ruff and honours, whisk and swabbers, whisk, and finally whist in the 18th century. In the 19th century whist became the premier intellectual card game of the Western world, but... piquet card game, known since the 15th century in France. For centuries piquet has been regarded as one of the greatest two-player card games. In 1534 François Rabelais listed it as a favorite pastime of his fictional hero Gargantua, and in 1892 the delegates to a card congress in Vienna voted it the most “classic” of all card games. Perhaps because it was... Yu-Gi-Oh! Japanese manga (comic book) of the late 20th and early 21st centuries that features an ordinary high-school student, Yugi Mutou (Yugi Moto), who assumes mystical powers when playing a mysterious card game. When blond, spiky-haired Yugi, a weak and unassuming teenager, solves the mysterious Millennium Puzzle, he is granted special powers that are activated... poker card game played in various forms throughout the world. Its popularity is greatest in North America, where it originated. It is played in private homes, in poker clubs, in casinos, and over the Internet. Poker has been called the national card game of the United States, and its	On This Day 1926: The first greyhound meeting with a mechanical hare took place at Belle Vue, Manchester. 2000: Portugal midfielder Luis Figo, star of Euro 2000, became the world's most expensive footballer when he joined Real Madrid for £37million from Barcelona. 2005: Australia won the first Ashes Test at Lord's by 239 runs. England recovered to win a memorable series 2-1. 2005: Lance Armstrong won a record seventh successive Tour de France - his final Tour before his temporary retirement. He was later stripped of all his titles after evidence of his doping emerged. 2009: England midfielder Steven Gerrard was found not guilty of affray by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court. 2010: Down thrashed Sligo in round four of the SFC qualifiers, winning by 3-20 to 0-10. 2010: Former world snooker champion Alex Higgins died at the age of 61. 2014: Brothers Alastair and Jonny Brownlee finished first and second for England in the Commonwealth Games men's triathlon in Glasgow. Birthdays Zaheer Abbas (cricket) - former Pakistan and Gloucestershire batsman, born 1947. Jim Leighton (soccer) - former Manchester United, Aberdeen and Scotland goalkeeper, born 1958. Barry Bonds (baseball) - controversial former San Francisco Giants star, holder of the all-time record for home runs in Major League, born 1964. Martin Keown (soccer) - former Arsenal and England defender, born 1966. Steven Richardson (golf) - played in 1991 Ryder Cup, born 1966. Dino Baggio (soccer) - former Italy midfielder who had a brief spell on loan at Blackburn in 2003, born 1971. Daniele De Rossi (soccer) - Roma and Italy midfielder, born 1983. Lukas Rosol (tennis) - Czech world number 54, famous for defeating Rafael Nadal at Wimbledon in 2012, born 1985. Quick Quiz Blitz 1 Which three football clubs have won all four English divisional titles? 2 Australia fast bowler Shaun Tait is playing for which county in this summer's NatWest T20 Blast? 3 British number one women's tennis player Johanna Konta was born in which city? 4 Who has been the top jockey at the Cheltenham Festival for eight of the last nine years? 5 Who scored the goal for Tipperary in All-Ireland SFC success over Derry? Sport on TV Today (Sunday, July 24) GAA: The Sunday Game Live - RTE 1 (1.30pm) - Waterford v Wexford (Throw-in 2.00pm) and Galway v Clare (Throw-in 4.00pm); The Sunday Game - RTE 2 - 21.30 SOCCER: International Champions Cup, Inter Milan v Paris St Germain - Sky Sports 1 2200; Euro Under-19s final - Eurosport 1 1905; MLS, New York Red Bulls v New York City FC - Sky Sports 3 1755, Sporting Kansas City v Seattle Sounders - Sky Sports 3 2000; Women's Super League, Notts County v Man City - BT Sport 1 1530. CRICKET: Second Test, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; First Test, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 5 1455. GOLF: PGA Tour, Canadian Open - Sky Sports 4 1800; Senior Open, Carnoustie - Sky Sports 4 1330; LPGA Tour, Scottish Open - Sky Sports 4 1030. CYCLING: Tour de France stage 21 - ITV4 1300, Eurosport 1 1530, ITV4 1200, S4C 1600; Tour de France women's 90km race - Eurosport 1 1330. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Citi Open - Sky Sports 2 2000; WTA Tour - Stanford Classic, BT Sport 1 2200. MOTOR RACING: Formula One, Hungarian Grand Prix race - Channel 4 1200, Sky Sports F1 1230. ATHLETICS: World Junior Championships, Bydgoszcz - Eurosport 2 2115. MOTORCYCLE RACING: British Superbikes - Eurosport 2 1230. DARTS: World Matchplay - Sky Sports 1 1900. SAILING: America's Cup World Series - BT Sport 1 1245. BASEBALL: MLB - BT Sport/ESPN 1800, BT Sport 2 1900, Los Angeles Dodgers v St Louis Cardinals BT Sport/ESPN 0100 (Mon). Tomorrow (Monday, July 25) CRICKET: Fourth day of the second Investec Test from Old Trafford, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; final day of the first Test from North Sound, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 1 1455. SOCCER: Betfred Cup first round, Rangers v Stranraer - BT Sport 1 1915. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Rogers Cup from Toronto - Sky Sports 3 1600; WTA Tour, Rogers Cup from Montreal - BT Sport 2 1730, BT Sport 1 0000 (Tue). CYCLING: Tour de Wallonie stage three - Eurosport 2 1415.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,515	What type of animal is a GAVIAL ?	The Animal Gavial - KidsBiology.com About Gavial The Gavial Crocodile is a little different from other crocodiles. Their back feet are webbed because they spend most of their time in the water (most crocodiles spend most of their time on land). And this crocodile has a very slender snout, which is great for catching fish, which is its main source of food. It has many small teeth that are razor sharp. After it catches a fish, it lifts its snout in the air to flick the fish around so it can swallow it head first. What is this animal's name? Gavial What class is this animal assigned to? Reptiles What does this animal eat? Fish Where did this animal live? Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal	goatsucker Encyclopedia > Plants and Animals > Animals > Vertebrate Zoology goatsucker goatsucker, common name for nocturnal or crepuscular birds of the order Caprimulgiformes, which includes the frogmouth, the oilbird, potoos, and nightjars. Goatsuckers are medium in size and are found in the temperate and tropical zones of both hemispheres. The name goatsucker is based on an ancient belief that these birds fed on goats' milk by night, but their presence near such animals was no doubt due to the insects attracted by the goats. With their long, pointed wings, weak feet, and small, wide-gaping bills fringed with bristles, goatsuckers have been called flying insect traps. Like their relatives the owls, they are protected by brown, gray, and black coloring, and their lax and fluffy feathers render their flight almost noiseless. This and their monotonous, repetitious song are factors in their superstitious significance. Their weird cries are reflected in the common names for many of the species, e.g., whippoorwill, chuck-will's-widow, poorwill, poor-me-one, potoo, and pauraque. The whippoorwill is common in the E United States. Ornithologists have discovered that the whippoorwill, unlike other birds, hibernates during the winter instead of migrating. Its body temperature drops from 102°F (39°C) to 65°F (18.3°C), its breathing slows, and its digestion ceases until spring brings the return of the insects that constitute its diet. The whippoorwill's flight, like that of the swift, is graceful and erratic; it sometimes swoops downward and then stops abruptly, producing a booming sound as it spreads its wings to brake. The larger (12 in./30 cm) chuck-will's-widow ( Caprimulgus carolinensis ) is found in the South and the poorwill (7 in./17.5 cm) in the West. The nighthawk ( Chordediles popetue ), or bull bat, common in all parts of North America N to Labrador, is the most diurnal of the goatsuckers; it is active at twilight and daybreak, whereas the others fly only at night. The nighthawk's familiar cry is a nasal "peent." The oilbirds of South America have sonar devices that enable them to fly in total darkness. The pauraque, or cuiejo, is a Central American goatsucker, and the aptly named frogmouths are native to Australia and Asia. Goatsuckers are classified in the phylum Chordata , subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Caprimulgiformes. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Vertebrate Zoology	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,516	What is the name for the biology discipline that deals with the science of plant life?	Scientific Disciplines Scientific Disciplines Abstracts & Posters - Scientific Disciplines and Subdisciplines Although ABRCMS emphasizes interdisciplinary science, to manage the large number of student presentations, all abstracts must align with a single scientific discipline. When submitting an abstract, select the scientific discipline and corresponding subdiscipline that best describes the research. The discipline selected will be used to assign the abstract to the appropriate reviewers and on-site judges. 1. Biochemistry a. Biochemistry - The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms. b. Biomolecules - The study of any organic molecule that is an essential part of a living organism. c. Metabolism - The study of chemical and physical processes in a living organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available. d. Structural Biology - The study of the architecture and shape of biological macromolecules—proteins and nucleic acids in particular—and what causes them to have the structures they have. 2. Cancer Biology a. Cancer Biology - The study of irregularities and uncontrollable growth of individual cells, tissue or organ in any organisms. 3. Cell Biology a. Plant Biology - The study of plant life involving every aspect of the environment and interactions that such plants may exist in its natural or adapted state. b. Cell Biology - The study of cells, their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division and death. c. Molecular Imaging - The study that seeks to exploit an increased and enhanced understanding of the molecular basis of disease through the design of novel imaging probes to specific molecular targets. 4. Chemistry a. Analytical Chemistry - The study of the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials, and developing the tools to elucidate such compositions. b. Environmental Chemistry - The study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in air, soil, and water environments and the effect of human activity on these. c. Inorganic Chemistry - The study of the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. d. Organic Chemistry - The study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compounds consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen, but which may contain any number of other elements. e. Pharmaceutical Chemistry - The study of designing, synthesizing, and developing pharmaceutical drugs. f. Physical Chemistry - The study of the application of physics to macroscopic, microscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems within the field of chemistry traditionally using the principles, practices and concepts of thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and kinetics. 5. Developmental Biology and Genetics a. Developmental Biology - The study of the processes by which organisms grow and develop encompassing genetics, cell fate specification, differentiation and morphogenesis, as well as the molecular analysis of tissue and organ system anatomy. b. Evolution and Developmental Biology - The study of the relationship(s) between the evolution and development of an organism or group of organisms encompassing genetic, molecular, paleontological, population and molecular analyses, as well as theoretical (mathematical) and ecological analyses as they relate to organismal development and evolution. c. Genetics - The study of the inheritance of genes and the traits they cause, as well as the behavior of chromosomes in cell division and reproduction. 6. Engineering, Physics and Mathematics a. Bioengineering - The study of the principles of engineering to the fields of biology and medicine, as in the development of aids or replacements for defective or missing body organs. b. Biophysics - The study dealing with the forces that act on living cells of the body, the relationship between the biologic be	Cicely Mary Barker (1895–1973), Illustration of the Pink Fairies for Flower Fairies of the Garden, 1944. Reproduction of Flower Fairy illustrations, © The Estate of Cicely Mary Barker, 2009 Beatrix Potter and Cicely Mary Barker In the early 19th century there was a widespread enthusiasm for flower fairies. This originated in J.J. Grandville's illustrations to Les Fleurs Animées of 1847 – incited by the Narcissus, Grandville's flowers become disenchanted with their 'flower-life' and beg the Flower Fairy to permit them to live on earth as humans. From the late 19th century onwards the genre developed further in the work of Kate Greenaway and other artists, and in the 1920s it was popularised by Cicely Mary Barker, beginning with Flower Fairies of the Spring (1923). In her fascination with natural history and scientific observation Cicely Mary Barker has often been associated with Beatrix Potter. Potter also imagined 'a fairyland amongst the wild flowers, the animals, fungi, mosses, woods and streams, all the thousand objects of the countryside'. Both artists began their careers producing designs for greetings cards manufacturers, and both were largely self-taught. Potter's lack of formal schooling preserved her originality, while Barker claimed to draw 'without any real thought or attention to artistic theories'. However, both were strongly influenced by what Potter described as the Pre-Raphaelites' 'niggling but absolutely genuine admiration for copying natural details'. Their principal concern was to explore the world of the imagination while remaining faithful to the true likeness of things. Sketching always from life, Barker produced meticulous preparatory studies of flowers and even obtained cuttings of less common varieties from Kew Gardens. Both she and Potter show a keen eye for natural beauty and a botanist's concern for scientific accuracy. 'Oakmen unloading the wagon, whilst rabbits eat', pencil & wash drawing by Beatrix Potter, 1916. © Frederick Warne & Co. Beatrix Potter and Ernest Aris Beatrix Potter had always illustrated her own stories but by 1916 her eyesight was beginning to fail and her hands were growing stiff. She urged her publisher to find 'some second string' to illustrate her new tale, The Oakmen. Keen to retain the credit for the illustrations, Potter sought a commercial illustrator who would 'draw to order'. She sent pencil sketches of her designs, along with instructions, to a prolific children's illustrator, Ernest Aris (1882 - 1963). However, she was careful to conceal both the text of her story and her own identity. In the end, copyright difficulties meant that The Oakmen was never published. Potter in any case felt that Aris was 'not quite a good enough artist'. For her, his work demonstrated 'considerable technical facility' but 'no originality'. Instead, Potter recounted the story in a picture-letter to her niece, Nancy Nicholson. It may have been Aris's business-like approach that can account for his lack of imagination and subtlety. Indeed, he himself said that his artistic method had always been governed by a set of 'commandments'. Potter, however, refused to work to order, arguing that 'The more spontaneous the pleasure - the more happy the result'. Maurice Sendak in front of Beatrix Potter's house, Hill Top Farm, Sawrey, Cumbria, UK. © The National Trust Beatrix Potter and Maurice Sendak Maurice Sendak (1928 - 2012) was the internationally acclaimed American author and illustrator of Where The Wild Things Are and In The Night Kitchen. The power of his stories both to delight and disturb made him one of the most highly honoured yet controversial children’s authors and illustrators of our time. Sendak often drew on the work of earlier artists. His influences include Beatrix Potter, but also Albrecht Dürer, William Blake and Randolph Caldecott. He admired Potter’s art for its ‘beauty’, ‘poetry’ and ‘aliveness’: ‘And how she could draw! – a gift not all illustrators are endowed with.’ Sendak’s illustrations to Robert Graves’s children’s story, The Big Green Book (1962), incorporate sever	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,517	Who, born in Gloucestershire, composed 'On Wedlock Edge' in 1909?	Born: October 12, 1872, Down Ampney, Gloucestershire, Eng Died: August 26, 1958, London The son of a clergyman, Ralph Vaughan Williams attended the Royal College of Music and then took music degrees at Trinity College, Cambridge University. He also studied in Berlin with Max Bruch and in Paris with Maurice Ravel. On his return to England, Vaughan Williams served as organist and choirmaster in several churches and was a teacher of composition at the Royal College of Music. In 1904 Vaughan Williams joined the English Folk Song Society, and for several years he was active in collecting and arranging old English melodies. He also became familiar with the music of William Byrd and Henry Purcell, English composers of the 16th and 17th centuries. The modal melodies of the folk songs and the free rhythms and smooth counterpoint of the early composers became important elements of Vaughan Williams's compositions. The Fantasia on a Theme by Tallis for string quartet and double string orchestra (1908, revised 1913) is one of Vaughan Williams's most important early compositions. With this piece English music shook off 2 centuries of German domination and tapped a rich source of indigenous music. The cool modal harmonies and antiphonal string writing contrast strongly with the lush, feverish music that was being composed in France and Germany at this time. The London Symphony (1914) is another important piece in Vaughan Williams's development. Its sprightly rhythms and street tunes, the impressionist evocation of autumn mist on the Thames in the second movement, the chimes of Big Ben at the end - all this was new in 20th-century English music. Vaughan Williams continued to write symphonies throughout his life; the last, his Ninth, was written shortly before his death when he was 86. In these works one can follow the composer's steady development. The Fourth (1935) and Sixth (1948) symphonies are perhaps his strongest, and most dissonant, statements. Vocal music, both solo and choral, also played an important role in Vaughan William's output. Early in his career he edited and contributed to the English Hymnal (1906). His setting of A. E. Housman's poems, On Wenlock Edge, for tenor and string quartet (1909) is frequently performed, as is his Mass in G Minor for double a cappella chorus (1923). His operas include Hugh the Drover (1911-1914), which incorporates folk songs, and Sir John in Love (1929), based on Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor. In the latter work Vaughan Williams used the Elizabethan song "Greensleeves," which helped to make it one of the most familiar "folk" tunes of the 20th century. Although he did not follow the newer trends and musical fashions of his day, Vaughan Williams created a thoroughly original style based on English folk music, 16th-and 17th-century polyphony, and informal music of his own times, including jazz. He stated his credo as a composer in his book National Music (1934): "Music is above all things the art of the common man--the art of the humble--What the ordinary man will expect from the composer is not cleverness, or persiflage, or an assumed vulgarity--he will want something that will open to him the 'magic casements.'-- The art of music above all other arts is the expression of the soul of a nation-- any community of people who are spiritually bound together by language, environment, history and common ideals, and, above all, a continuity with the past."	Fatal Marriages in George Eliot's "Middlemarch": Analysis of Vocational Marriage of Women Fatal Marriages in George Eliot's "Middlemarch": Analysis of Vocational Marriage of Women Ken Thompson, Graduate Student, Austin Peay State University, Memphis, Tennessee [This essay was originally written for Dr. Calovini's English 552D: Seminar in Victorian Novel, fall 2001, at AP State University. All citations are to David Carroll's edition — see the bibliography.] I pronounce you man & wife, or wife, you are hired. any Victorian novels are driven by the prospect of marriage, and George Eliot's masterpiece, Middlemarch, embodies through its various couples a nuptial kaleidoscope not matched since Chaucer's Wife of Bath. Conditions surrounding marriages in Victorian times for women were considerably different from what modern readers would surmise. Partly due to the deprivation of an equal opportunity to education, Victorian women were confronted with limited survival tactics. Richard Altick reminds readers in his Victorian People and Ideas that women could enter the female colleges of Cambridge and Oxford in 1869 and 1879 respectively but could not take degrees until 1920-21 (55). Middlemarch takes place in the years leading up to 1832, the year of the Reform Bill , and this bill was for the benefit of middle class men. Without an education women were subjected to vocations, actually jobs, not callings, that could hardly be called careers. The male defense of this narrowing of options was simply "the female brain was not equal to the demands of commerce or the professions, and women, simply by virtue of their sex, had no business mingling with men in a man's world" (Altick 54). Competing with men and male-indoctrinated commerce without the added benefit of a formal education caused many Victorian women to seek the only alternative available, marriage as a vocation. In Middlemarch Dorothea Brooke, the community's do-gooder, a virtual St. Theresa, longs to perfect amelioration for the entire town by architecturally improving housing. Her initial chance for this improvement comes in the person of Edward Casaubon though she could have been courted by Royalty in Sir James Chettam. In her attempts to fulfill her marriage career, Dorothea was more captivated by the vast library learning of Casaubon, and she exclaimed "what a lake compared with my little pool" (24). Her sense of fulfillment in this boring but learned man was vested in her hope to become educated, to have her curiosity nurtured, and to be of constant usefulness to a man of sixty who really needed her nineteen year old eyes for reading. It is doubtful that modern readers would consider the above adequate reasons for marriage, but Dorothea "retained very childlike ideas about marriage" (10). Part of Dorothea's naive formula for marriage stems from her bachelor uncle's Protestant upbringing. Mr. Brooke, Dorothea's uncle, was well connected though not aristocratic and possessed property. He had acted as guardian for Dorothea and her younger sister Celia since the girls lost their parents at age twelve. The girls came to him with an inheritance of "seven hundred a-year each from their parents", but Dorothea's religious notions and her intensity given to causes might keep suitors at bay (9). Whether Uncle Brooke or the girls' parents were responsible for Dorothea's fanatical flares, Eliot did not make clear. The evidence readers do know about is vested in the uncle, a man who reigns in his "Puritan energy" and is somewhat stingy with his wealth and estate: ". . . he would act with benevolent intentions, and that he would spend as little money as possible in carrying them out" (8). The conservative uncle was criticized by many neighbors of Middlemarch for not introducing a new 'mother' to his nieces that might better prepare them for marriage. In the absence of the female perspective on the topic of marriage, Dorothea and Celia are still orphans to the selection process of good husbands. Whereas Mr. Brooke would consider religion "the dread of a Hereafter", Dorothea was in n	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,518	What, in American English, is the meaning of 'sophomore'?	Sophomore - definition of sophomore by The Free Dictionary Sophomore - definition of sophomore by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sophomore Related to sophomore: Sophomore Album soph·o·more a. A second-year student in a US college. b. A tenth-grade student in a US high school. 2. A person in the second year of carrying out an endeavor. 3. A three-year-old racehorse, usually in its second year of racing. adj. 1. Of or relating to the second year of an endeavor, especially of attending a school or college. 2. Being the second in a series: a singer's sophomore album. [Alteration (probably influenced by Greek sophos, wise, and mōros, stupid) of sophumer, from obsolete sophom, sophism, dialectic exercise, variant of sophism .] sophomore (Education) chiefly US and Canadian a second-year student at a secondary (high) school or college adj (of a book, recording, etc, by an artist) second: her sophomore album. [C17: perhaps from earlier sophumer, from sophum, variant of sophism + -er1] soph•o•more (ˈsɒf əˌmɔr, -ˌmoʊr; ˈsɒf mɔr, -moʊr) n. a student in the second year at a high school, college, or university. [1645–55; earlier sophumer, perhaps =sophum sophism + -er 1] sophomore A student in the second year of a college course, or a high-school student in the tenth grade. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: lowerclassman , underclassman - an undergraduate who is not yet a senior Adj. 1. sophomore - used of the second year in United States high school or college; "the sophomore class"; "his sophomore year" intermediate - lying between two extremes in time or space or state; "going from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands"; "intermediate stages in a process"; "intermediate stops on the route"; "an intermediate range plane" Translations [ˈsɒfəmɔːʳ] N (US) → estudiante mf de segundo año GRADE sophomore n (US) → étudiant (e) m/f de deuxième année modif sophomore year → deuxième année f Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: View in context Perhaps the president of a corps notices that one of the membership who is no longer an exempt--that is a freshman-- has remained a sophomore some little time without volunteering to fight; some day, the president, instead of calling for volunteers, will APPOINT this sophomore to measure swords with a student of another corps; he is free to decline--everybody says so--there is no compulsion. View in context Then we'll be able to look as bored and sophisticated as any Sophomore of them all. The "freshettes" stood about in detached groups of two or three, looking askance at each other; the "freshies," wiser in their day and generation, had banded themselves together on the big staircase of the entrance hall, where they were shouting out glees with all the vigor of youthful lungs, as a species of defiance to their traditional enemies, the Sophomores, a few of whom were prowling loftily about, looking properly disdainful of the "unlicked cubs" on the stairs. against six Sophomores and a Freshman from the Gladiatorial College! when he had slain all the sophomores and was dallying with the	Don’t spoil the ship for a ha’p’orth of tar. \| word histories Don’t spoil the ship for a ha’p’orth of tar. MEANING Don’t risk the failure of a large project by trying to economise on trivial things. ORIGIN Ship is a dialectal pronunciation of sheep, and this proverb was originally to lose the sheep (often the hog) for a halfpennyworth of tar, that is to say, for want of spending a trivial sum on tar, the allusion being to the use of tar either in marking sheep or to protect sores and wounds on sheep from flies (the expression tarred with the same brush also originally alluded to the use of tar by shepherds). In The Countryman’s Instructor (1636), John Crawshey, who described himself as a “plaine Yorkshire man”, wrote: To conclude with the old proverbe, hee that will loose a sheepe (or a hogge) for a pennyworth of tarre, cannot deserve the name of a good husband [= farmer]: you may guesse at my meaning. The noun hog was used to denote a young sheep from the time it is weaned until its first shearing (it was also applied to any of various other farm animals of a year old). In A Collection of English Words not generally used, with their Significations and Original, in two Alphabetical Catalogues, the one of such as are proper to the Northern, the other to the Southern Counties (1691), John Ray (1627-1705) recorded, in North Country Words: A Hog; a Sheep of a year old; used also in Northampton and Leicester shires, where they also call it a Hoggrel. And, in South and East Country Words, he wrote: Hogs; Young Sheep, Northamptonshire. Used also in the same sense in Yorkshire. John Ray, however, understood hog as meaning domestic pig in A Collection of English Proverbs (1678): Ne’re lose a hog for an half-penny-worth of tarr. A man may spare in an ill time: as some who will rather die, then [= than] spend ten groats in Physick. Some have it, lose not a sheep, &c. Indeed tarr is more used about sheep then swine. The current form of the proverb is first recorded in English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (1869), by William Carew Hazlitt (1834-1913): To spoil the ship for a half-pennyworth of tar. However, the author adds: But, in Cornwall, I heard a different version, which appeared to me to be more consistent with probability: “Don’t spoil the sheep for a ha’porth of tar;” and this agrees with a third variation: “Don’t spoil the hog for, &c.,” a hog in some counties (Lincolnshire, for instance,) standing for a sheep of a year old. But, as Mr. Dyce (A General Glossary to Shakespeare’s Works, article ship) observes, the two words, sheep and ship, seem formerly to have been pronounced very much alike. ( In fact, this observation appears under sheep: “sheep formerly often pronounced (as it still is in certain counties) ship, and even so written: hence the quibbles”) In A Concise Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1993), B. A. Phythian explains that, because of this similarity in pronunciation, non-countryfolk obviously assumed that the expression referred to a ship, the assumption being reinforced by the reference to tar, which was widely used on wooden ships to coat and preserve the timbers. To complete this transformation of a rustic expression into a nautical-sounding one, the rather extravagant and unconvincing idea of ‘losing’ an entire ship for the sake of a small economy was changed to ‘spoiling’.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,519	Who were Babs, Joy and Teddie?	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Beverley Sisters' years in limelight Beverley Sisters' years in limelight Teddy, Babs and Joy got their first break in an advertising campaign Veteran singing trio The Beverley Sisters, who have been made MBEs in the New Year Honours List, were one of the most popular acts of the 50s and 60s. Joy - born in 1929 - and the twins Babs and Teddie - born in 1932 - were brought up in Bethnal Green in east London. During the Second World War the girls were evacuated to the Midlands. There they secured a contract to become "Bonnie Babies" in an advertising campaign for the bedtime drink Ovaltine. Radio appearances for the BBC followed, and with support from bandleader Glenn Miller they became professional singers. After the war the siblings were given their own TV show, Those Beverley Sisters. Chart success In 1951 the trio signed a recording contract with Columbia Records that helped them become the highest paid female act in the UK. They were the first British female group to break into the US top 10 and enjoyed chart success with Christmas records like Little Drummer Boy and I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus. Other favourites included Bye Bye Love and Always and Forever. Joy married Billy Wright, then captain of the England football team, in 1958 and had two daughters and a son. Teddie also had a daughter. In 2002 they sang for the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh at a Jubilee concert, while last year saw them take part in D-Day celebrations in Portsmouth. The trio, now in their 70s, still perform but have had to cut back their workload due to health concerns.	The TV Series - A History The TV Series - A History This is a History of the Railway Series and Thomas's rise to TV fame from 1953 to present, chronicling the attributions of each new Series. The quality of the Awdry stories and characters had piqued the interest and captured the interest of many over the years. While Britt Allcroft will always be remembered as the person who was able to translate the stories onto the screen successfully, attempts were made previous to this, dating as far back as 1953. The BBC approached the Railway Series editor, Eric Marriott, about televising two stories from The Three Railway Engines in June of that year for the programme Children’s Hour. This was to be done using 00 Gauge Hornby models and sets reminiscent of the illustrations, suitably adapted by PR Wickham, (who had created the relief map of Sodor), to ensure authenticity at the Author and Publishers’ request. The episodes were to be broadcasted live from Lime Grove Studios, the first being during the afternoon of Sunday 14 June, 1953, with the second on the 28 June. The live broadcast did not fare well. The BBC chose to adapt ‘The Sad Story of Henry’ to the screen, and in addition to the model engines, the Director, Douglas Mair, had to cope with superimposed rain, music, effects and live narrative provided by Julia Lang of ‘Listen With Mother’ fame. The Reverend Awdry, himself an experienced railway modeller, condemned the jerking motion of the models, the ‘freely adapted script’ required to meet contingencies of a ten-minute broadcast, and the ‘elementary mistake’ of not switching the points, which led to a nasty derailment. Eric Marriott, who was viewing the broadcast with his family, was surprised to see a large hand pick up the engine and replace it on the rails again! Surprisingly, the incident made front page of national newspapers just over a week later by Tuesday 23rd June, receiving attention from the Daily Telegraph and superseding the 10 Rillington Place Murder Trial in the Daily Mail. The embarrassment resulted in the intended 28 June broadcast being put on hold and later cancelled completely. Attempts were made to revive the project with the BBC offering to give Awdry and the Publishers more creative control over the production to ensure a more successful broadcast, but these were declined by Edmund Ward who insisted upon the ‘publication of books’ rather than assisting with the creation of a television series. The books were read aloud on the BBC, however, in the much-loved television series, Jackanory. These were performed by the late Ted Ray, sitting in a Station Master’s office, reading five books from the Railway Series between 20 September and 2 October 1970. In 1973, a life-long fan of the books approached Kaye and Ward about producing a musical television series based on the Railway Series. The acclaimed theatrical talent, Andrew Lloyd Webber, had retained such affection for the books that he had even named one of his companies ‘The Really Useful Company’, after one of the railway’s better known phrases. However, there was apprehension from the publishers and the author, as the outlined plans would have given Lloyd Webber's	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,520	In humans, what is the name of the front cutting teeth?	Human Teeth Dental Chart - Bradford Dentistry Resources \| Bradford Family Dentistry See Cat Teeth See Horse Teeth At the time of birth, tooth buds are already in place. Babies typically have 20 primary (baby) teeth, which usually begin to erupt typically around 6 months of age but can be anywhere between approximately 3 months of age until 12 months to begin the accommodation of solid foods and the change in baby’s diet. The above human teeth dental chart are of children’s 20 primary teeth. Cutting teeth takes time and can be painful for babies, which is usually completed by the age of 3. Teeth start to fall out at various times throughout childhood and by the age of 21; all 32 of the permanent teeth have usually erupted. Eruption of Primary Teeth Dental Chart Usually, humans get two sets of teeth during a lifetime. The first, primary or deciduous set is comprised of the 20 “baby” teeth. The second permanent set usually consists of 32 teeth. In each quadrant, there are eight permanent teeth including two incisors, one cuspid, two bicuspids, and three molars. Eruption of Permanent Teeth Dental Chart The pictorial below of permanent human teeth can help you to understand the positioning of each of your 32 permanent teeth in an adult mouth. The last teeth to arrive are the three molars. The third molars are more commonly referred to as the “wisdom tooth.” Tooth Chart Positioning The upper teeth of arch on the human teeth dental chart are called maxillary teeth because their roots are placed within the upper jawbone of the maxilla. Those of the lower arch are called mandibular teeth because their roots are embedded within the lower jawbone of the mandible. Each arch contains 16 teeth, composed of 6 anterior, and 10 posterior and in a quadrant, there are 3 anterior and 5 posterior teeth. On this human teeth diagram, there are four classes of teeth, incisors, cuspid, bicuspid and molars, based on appearance, position and complementary functions. A tooth is a hard, bony appendage that develops on the jaw to pulverize food. In man, the design of the teeth is a reflection of eating habits, as humans tend to be meat eaters so teeth are formed for cutting, tearing, and grinding food. The human teeth dental chart illustrates the types and working surfaces of the four classes of teeth. Incisor Teeth On the dental chart, incisors are located in the front of the mouth and have sharp, thin edges for cutting. Their use is to incise or cut food and the appearance tends to have a shovel-shaped appearance. Cuspid Teeth Cuspids, also referred to as canines, are at the angles of the mouth on the tooth chart. Each has a single cusp and is designed for cutting and tearing. Bicuspid Teeth Bicuspids, also referred to as premolars, are similar to the cuspids. They have two cusps used for cutting and tearing, and a wider surface to bite and crush food. Molars Molars are located in the back of the mouth. Their size gradually gets smaller from the first to third molar. Each molar has four or five cusps, is shorter and more rounded in shape than other teeth and has a broad surface for grinding and chewing solid food. When viewing the human teeth dental chart, it shows the typical human mouth. People are all different and do not always have every tooth come in or they may appear at different times. When extractions or exclusions occur, depending on the tooth, different methods can get chewing accomplished. Although your teeth may not be identical to the human teeth dental chart, we can create a smile you can be confident and proud of, while meeting the functions required. Please contact us to discuss any issues concerns or maintenance you may need addressed. If you live in any of the following areas and would like to book an appointment to see your human teeth dental chart for free, please call us at: 1-877-283-0497 in:	Orthopedic / Prosthetic Dentistry \| Dentrist Orthopedic / Prosthetic Dentistry Topics: Subject. Aim. Tasks. Development stages. Orthopedic dentistry includes 2 disciplines: Propediutics of orthopedic stomatology Clinical orthopedic stomatology Propediutics of orthopedic dentistry is a discipline which foresees learning the basics in profession before clinical study. Propaedeutic dentistry is a pre-clinical department, which help us to study a main (or another big) department like – Clinical orthopedic dentistry and prosthetic dentistry. Propaedeutic dentistry gives us knowledge in the following topics – Functional morphology of stomatognathic system. Manufacturing of dental prosthesis. Clinical examination (الفحص السريري) and symptomatology (symptoms) of dental diseases. Clinical orthopedic dentistry –Study clinical picture and therapy of morphofunctional disturbances through using different restorative techniques ( dentures and devices manufacturing). Stomatology / Dentistry is the branch of medicine or dentistry concerned with the structures, functions, and diseases of the mouth. The word dentistry comes from greek stoma which means oral cavity, buccal cavity and logos which means science. So, dentistry means science about oral cavity. Stomatology as specialty is devided in: Orthopedic dentistry The word comes from Greek: Ortos – straight, to straighten; to correct. Pedio – to educate, to train. This term was proposed in 1971 by French surgeon Henry. This term was understood as a skill to prevent and correct body deformities through education, training and exercises. Prosthesis The term (comes from greek) means to restore, to replace a part of harmed human body, or to replace a missing organ. Dental prosthesis is an artificial part that replace a missing organ. Device is an medical remedy used in tissues affections without loss of substance. Device-denture is a mix medical remedy ( it treat and replace a missing organ). Orthopedic dentistry is a science which study the causes (etiology), pathogeny (how disease occurs), clinical picture and prophylactic methods and treats the affections of stomatognat system using following methods: Functional The subject of orthopedic dentistry: Propediutics of orthopedic dentistry (the general notions about orthopec dentistry) Clinical orthopedic dentistry (treatment of patient) Tasks of orthopedic dentistry: Biological task(medical task) is performed by dentist in treatment room and establish the disturbance (disease) and methods of treatment. Laboratory task – foresees the manufacturing of prosthesis and dental devices which is performed by technician in dental laboratory. The aim of orthopedic dentistry outcomes from definition and includes etiology, pathogeny and methods of restorative treatment. The structure of dental orthopedic clinic (of dental office orthopedic dental department) Treatment rooms where dentists works with dental nurses and solve biological task. Dental laboratory which includes more rooms, depending on the range of institution: The main room where technique works arranged with necessary instruments and devices. The room for work with gyps Polymerization room has different warming sources and special device for polymerization. Soldering room Ceramic room – should be separated from other rooms! Registration. Development stages of orthopedic dentistry There are 4 stages: From ancient times till middle age. Is characterized by primitive treatment methods where were used special woods, bones of horned cattle, animal’s teeth. All these could be seen in museums and historical books. Middle ages (18th – 19th centuries) In this period Pierre Faucher collects all knowledge and experience till that time and edit a book “ Oral Surgery”. He is considered “the founder of dentistry”. In 19th century with other branches dentistry also fast develops. Different materials are manufactured, casts from gyps are manufactured and dentures are not done with approximate size, but correctly and precisely. 20th century – the first half is characterized	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,521	What U.S. military base is located on the island of Cuba?	Military Bases In Cuba \| Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine Corps Bases - Military bases in Cuba Guantanamo Bay Naval Base Is military base in Cuba It is one of the oldest US Naval bases located in the Guantanamo Bay province of Cuba. The country is an island having a US base at the corner of the country with hills and mountains, which gives it many advantages of security. The base was opened in 1903 and it has been stationed in […]	The Leaders \| Cuban Missile Crisis U.S. President John F. Kennedy Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev Prime Minister of Cuba Fidel Castro White House Photographs. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston Digital Identifier: JFKWHP-AR6283-A. In 1960, at the age of 43, John F. Kennedy became the youngest elected President in U.S. history, during a period of growing tensions in the U.S.-Soviet Cold War rivalry. Soon after taking office in 1961, he authorized the “Bay of Pigs” invasion led by the CIA and exiles from Cuba, whose government had been overthrown by communist rebels in 1959. This failed to overthrow leader Fidel Castro, and was a major embarrassment to Kennedy. Tensions with the Soviet Union further escalated during the 1961 Berlin Crisis. These events set the stage for the Cuban Missile Crisis. On October 15, 1962 Kennedy was informed of the discovery of Soviet missiles in Cuba and called a meeting of a small circle of trusted advisors (known as the Executive Committee of the National Security Council, or ExComm). He resisted pressure to react quickly with a surprise air strike, and took time to deliberate in secret on the possible courses of action. On October 22 the President announced a naval blockade on further arms shipments to Cuba. He then worked out an agreement with the Soviets, which involved a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba if the Soviet Union withdrew its missiles, a threat to attack within 24 hours if the offer wasn’t accepted, and a secret promise to withdraw U.S. missiles from Turkey in four-five months. Credit: Heinz Junge, Bundesarchiv. German Federal Archive. Accession number Bild 183-B0628-0015-035. Khrushchev became First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1953 after a power struggle following Stalin’s death, and served as Premier from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev began efforts to “de-Stalinize” Soviet society. However, in 1961 tensions between the superpowers escalated over the Berlin Crisis. In the spring of 1962 Khrushchev made the decision to place Soviet missiles in Cuba secretly in order to give a quick boost to Soviet missile power, and to strengthen the USSR’s bargaining position regarding the Berlin question. After the missiles were discovered, Khrushchev initially maintained a hard line, expecting Kennedy to back down. However, as the President stood firm, Khrushchev reassessed the situation. Faced with the very real possibility of nuclear war, Khrushchev decided that “to save the world, we must retreat”. He agreed to withdraw the Soviet missiles, in exchange for a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba and the President’s secret assurance that the U.S. would withdraw its Jupiter missiles from Turkey. As this American concession was not revealed publicly, the settlement was viewed by many as unfavorable to the USSR and hurt Khrushchev politically, contributing to his ouster from power in 1964. Credit: Warren K. Leffler. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. In January 1959 Fidel Castro’s revolutionary forces seized power. While the Cuban leader initially claimed this was not a communist revolution, a year later Cuba formally aligned itself with the Soviet Union. Relations with the United States deteriorated further in 1961when the U.S. supported CIA-trained anti-Castro exiles in the Bay of Pigs invasion – a failed attempt to overthrow Castro and a major blow for President Kennedy. In this context, in the summer of 1962 Castro accepted the Soviet offer to install missiles in Cuba as a deterrent to a U.S. invasion. During the crisis Castro urged Khrushchev to defend Cuba and reject American demands to withdraw the missiles. On October 27, believing a U.S. attack was imminent, Castro urged Khrushchev to initiate a nuclear first strike. Castro was excluded from the negotiations and felt that, by agreeing to withdraw the missiles, the Soviets had betrayed Cuba. Search for:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,522	Which venue in London hosts the annual Ideal Home Show?	Ideal Home Show at Earls Court Exhibition Centre \| Earls Court London \| London hotels \| LondonTown.com Images The Ideal Home Show is the place to find the latest in home furnishings as this famous show fills up the Earl's Court Exhibition Centre with everything you need to feather your nest - and a whole lot more besides. Celebrating its 105th year, the Ideal Home Show is the world's largest event of its kind and never fails to surprise and inspire with home decorating ideas and the latest gadgets for the kitchen. The multi award winning show features full-scale model show houses and eight themed sections including areas dedicated to home improvements, gardens, shopping, home gadgets, and interiors. Celebrity presenters including Channel 4's Home Show star George Clarke, Master Chef's Gregg Wallace, the Gadget Show's Suzi Perry and garden expert Alan Titchmarsh are among the experts on hand. With over 800 exhibitors there are ideas galore and products to suit all styles and tastes. March is traditionally the time for a spring clean - so why not spruce up your home while you're at it? Visit the show after 5pm on Thursday and tickets are just a fiver. ï¿½	Visit Downton Abbey and English Castles 6 nights in the Millennium Tara House Kensington Itinerary Day 1: Depart for London Overnight flight to London under own arrangement. Day 2: Arrive in London Arrive in London and meet your tour guide at the airport. Enjoy a panoramic tour of London on your way to our Hotel. There is time to rest before our Welcome Dinner at the hotel. (D) Day 3: Windsor Castle, Hampton Court Palace. After our full English Breakfast we depart for a full day of touring. We start at Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world. It has been the family home of British kings and queens for almost 1000 years. It is an official residence of Her Majesty the Queen, whose flag flies from the Round Tower when she is in residence. Continue to Hampton Court Palace, a royal palace, 11.7 miles south west and upstream of central London on the River Thames. Redevelopment began to be carried out in 1515 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, a favourite of King Henry VIII. In 1529, as Wolsey fell from favor, the King seized the palace for himself and later enlarged it. Along with St. James' Palace, it is one of only two surviving palaces out of the many owned by King Henry VIII. In the following century, King William III's massive rebuilding and expansion project, which destroyed much of the Tudor palace, was intended to rival Versailles. Work ceased in 1694, leaving the palace in two distinct contrasting architectural styles, domestic Tudor and Baroque. While the palace's styles are an accident of fate, a unity exists due to the use of pink bricks and a symmetrical balancing of successive low wings. King George II was the last monarch to reside in this palace. We return to our hotel for dinner. (B, D) Day 4: Stonehenge, Westminister Abbey, Big Ben This morning we depart London for Stonehenge. One of the most famous sites in the wolrd, Stonehenge is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones set within earthwork. It is at the center of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated back to about 3100BC. Returning to London, we visit Westminister Abbey and see Big Ben. Westminister Abbey was initially built by Henry III in 1245 and it is one of the most important Gothic buildings in England. It was at first home to Benedictine monks, then the Royal Coronation Church and is the final resting place of 17 monarchs, It contains a treasury full of paintings, stain glass, pavements, textiles, various other artifacts and books plus the most significant collection of monumental sculptures of the United Kingdom. We return to our hotel for dinner. (B, D) Day 5: Highclere Castle (Downton Abbey) After breakfast we depart for our full day at Highclere Castle in Hampshire. This famous castle is used for exterior shots and many of the interior filming of the PBS series, Downton Abbey. However, the kitchen, servants' quarters, working areas, and several "upstairs" bedrooms were constructed and filmed at Ealing Studios in London. Highclere Castle is the actual home of the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon. We spend the day exploring the interior, the Egyptian Exhibit and the beautiful gardens. We return to our hotel for dinner. (B, D) Day 6: Oxfordshire, Waddesdon Manor Today we visit Bampton & Waddesdon Manor. The village of Bampton in Oxfordshire was used to film outdoor scenes in Downtown Abbey, most notably St. Mary's Church and the library, which served as the entrance to the cottage hospital. Bampton is a bustling village and claims to be one of the oldest and prettiest villages in the area, retaining much of the character of a traditional Cotswold village. We continue on and visit Waddesdon Manor, the estate Sir Richard Carlisle intended to buy in season 2 of Downton Abbey. We have time to explore and experience rural England before returning to London. (B, D) Day 7: Buckingham Travel and Tower of London This morning we e	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,523	Where is the French terminus for the Hoverspeed service?	Hoverspeed Fast Ferries The Hovercraft: End of an Era Archived Article ABOVE: Hoverspeed's Princess Anne carried 396 passengers and 53 cars between Dover and Calais in 35 minutes. On October 1, 2000, Hoverspeed ended more than 32 years of cross-Channel ferry service by hovercraft. The retirement of its two SRN4 Mark III hovercraft, the Princess Margaret and the newer Princess Anne (see photo), completed Hoverspeed's transitition to a Seacat- and Superseacat-based catamaran ferry service. The following archived article, which was written to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Princess Margaret in 1998, describes what it was like to travel from Dover to Calais by hovercraft. By Durant Imboden I n July, 1998, Hoverspeed Fast Ferries celebrated 30 years of service by its first commercial hovercraft, the Princess Margaret (a sister to the Princess Anne, shown above). Both SRN4 Mark III craft remain the largest hovercraft in the world, and they continue to offer frequent daily service on the English Channel's Dover-Calais route. If you've never traveled by hovercraft, you're missing a unique experience. You drive or walk aboard, then settle into an airline-style seat in one of the two passenger cabins that flank the vehicle deck. The car hatches are closed, the four 3,800-hp gas turbines rev up, and air fills the rubber skirts beneath the craft.. Moments later, four huge propellers send the craft blasting across the English Channel at more than 50 knots (58 mph or 98 km/h). You can read a free newspaper, have a cup of coffee, and have duty-free goods delivered to your seat during the brief "flight" (as hovercraft journeys are called). When the channel is rough, you may feel a bit of chop despite the 3m/10-foot air cushion that separates the hovercraft from the water. This shouldn't be a cause for alarm--the craft are approved for operation in 50-knot winds and 3.5-meter or 11.5-foot waves. As you approach the French or English coast, you may experience a moment of alarm as the hovercraft continues to speed ahead in a torrent of spray. But the craft makes a seamless transition from water to land, settling onto the concrete pad of the hoverport after its dramatic arrival. Elapsed time: 35 minutes, making Hoverspeed the fastest connection between England and France. Hovercraft meets Seacat Since 1991, Hoverspeed Fast Ferries has supplemented its hovercraft with fast catamarans. Dover-Calais. The Seacat Isle of Man crosses the channel in 50 minutes, carrying up to 573 passengers and 85 cars. Dover-Ostend. Two state-of-the-art catamarans, the Rapide and the Diamant, traverse this 152-year-old route between England and Belgium in just under two hours. The 81-meter or 266-foot boats feature computerized ride control and carry 674 passengers with 155 cars. Folkstone-Boulogne. The Seacat Great Britain covers this route in 55 minutes. (In 1990, the Great Britain captured the Hales Trophy for the fastest transatlantic sea crossing with a time of 3 days 7 hours 57 minutes. The previous record, set by the S.S. United States, had been unbeaten since 1952.) Newhaven-Dieppe. This newer route has two to three crossings a day, with the journey taking two hours. The Superseacat hauls up to 700 passengers and 175 vehicles across the Channel at speeds exceeding 40 knots. Hovercraft background reading	London: Railway Stations - TripAdvisor London: Railway Stations Review a place you’ve visited JOIN We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for London each week. London Traveler Article: London is a city with twelve major railway stations around the central area of the city. Each station has train services to different regions of the country. Cannon Street: Local stopping services to South East London, and outer suburban services to Kent. Charing Cross: Services to Kent, and the south coast of England. Local stopping services to Lewisham, Blackheath/Greenwich and south east London. Euston: Terminus of West Coast Main Line - services to Birmingham (New Street), Manchester, Liverpool, the Lake District and Glasgow. Overnight sleeper trains to Scottish destinations (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Inverness and Fort William) also depart from Euston. Local stopping services to Watford, Milton Keynes and Northampton. Fenchurch Street : Local stopping services to East London suburbs and the Essex coast. Kings Cross: Terminus of East Coast Main Line - services to Peterborough, York, Leeds, Newcastle, Edinburgh and Aberdeen. Local stopping trains to North London suburbs, Hertfordshire and onwards to Cambridge. London Bridge : Local stopping services to South London suburbs as well as commuter services to Kent. Liverpool Street : Terminus of Great Eastern Main Line - services to East Anglia (Ipswich, Lowestoft and Norwich), local services to East London suburbs and the Essex coast. Express services to Stansted Airport. Service to Southend Airport Marylebone: Terminus of Chiltern Line - commuter services to Buckinghamshire towns, Banbury and Birmingham (Snow Hill) Paddington: Terminus of Great Western Main Line - services to Oxford, Swindon, Bath, Bristol and the South West of England. Also terminus for the Heathrow Express. St Pancras: Terminus of Midland Main Line and High Speed One - services to Luton (incl. Luton Airport), Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield. Eurostar international services to Paris (Gare du Nord) and Brussels. High Speed services to Kent (from December 2009) Victoria : Terminus of the Brighton Main Line - services to Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings. Local stopping services to South London suburbs. Waterloo : Terminus of the South Western Main line - services to Bournemouth, Southampton and towns along the Dorset coast. Eurostar trains run frequently to Brussels , Lille (France) & Paris via the Channel Tunnel from St Pancras International Station . Airports London City (LCY) London City is in East London in the old Docklands. There is a DLR (Docklands Light Railway) station which connects to the Jubilee Line Underground at Canning Town and the Central and Northern Lines at Bank. Heathrow (LHR) Heathrow is the worst served of all London ’s airports for rail links. A non-stop service call The Heathrow Express runs to Paddington Station, however this service is very expensive (about £16 single) even though the journey is only around 10-15 minutes. There is also a cheaper, less frequent service called The Heathrow Connect which runs the same route, but also stops at intermediate stations. Heathrow is the only London airport with an underground station. The Piccadilly Line runs from Heathrow to central London with stations at Earls Court, Piccadilly Circus and Covent Garden. Average journey time around 50 minutes, but can be quite unpleasant and overcrowded at peak times. There is also an easy change at Hammersmith for the District Line to Westminster. Gatwick (LGW ) Gatwick is served by the Gatwick Express with frequent departures direct to Victoria . There are also Southern Railway trains to Victoria or Brighton . These are normal trains and may be crowded at peak times. These are cheaper than the Express and some trains are just as quick. First Capital Connect trains also stop at Gatwick and these trains run from Brighton, in the south, to Luton or Bedford , in the north of London . They also stop at London Bridge and the basement level of St Pa	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,524	What trade did the Dutch East India Company dominate in 17th and 18th centuries?	Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 18th Century ( Detailed PDF Map ) Dutch East India Company, Trade Network, 18th Century The Dutch East India Company (VOC; Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie), founded in 1602, is often considered as the first true multinational corporation. From the 17th to the 18th century trading companies such as VOC (and its British counterpart; the East India Trading Company) acted on behalf of European governments in Asia. As joint stock companies they were private mercantilist tools with a guarantied trade monopoly in exchange of rights paid to their respective governments. They were almost states by themselves with their own ships (military and merchant) and military forces. Their initial goal was to develop trade links for prized commodities such as pepper and as time progressed they became increasingly involved in the control and development of their respective territories. In 1610, VOC gained a foothold in Batavia (Indonesia / Dutch East Indies) and conquered most of the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) by 1640, establishing the stronghold of Galle. The major trading hub of Malacca was taken from the Portuguese in 1641. By the mid seventeen century VOC has replaced most local trading networks with their own with a series of fortified trading posts. Cape Town (South Africa) was also founded in 1652 as a crucial stage for the long Europe-Asia voyage. Later, plantations, which forced the introduction of new forms of cultivation such as coffee in West Java (1723), were established. It resulted in a growing quantity and variety of cargo being traded. The company essentially achieved for about a century a monopoly on nutmeg (meat preserver) and cinnamon trade and raked substantial profits. Most of it was coming from the "Spice Islands" in the Dutch East Indies. By 1750, VOC employed around 25,000 people and was doing business in 10 Asian countries. However, mainly due to corruption and mismanagement the company faced bankruptcy in 1799 with its holdings transferred to the Dutch Crown. When VOC first came to Asia, ships made the long distance trip back and forth from Europe. Later, a trade network composed of two layers was established, reminiscent of a hub-and-spoke structure. A regional trade network was serviced by smaller ships that called along coastal trading routes a variety of ports throughout the region. The goods where then collected in large warehouses in protected strongholds; Batavia (Indonesia) and Galle (Sri Lanka) were the most significant. Traded commodities included textiles, pepper and yarn from India; cinnamon, cardamom, and gems from Sri Lanka. Some were traded only over short distances, while others traveled greater distances, such as between Indonesia, China and Japan. Other commodities, such a cinnamon and nutmeg were mainly exported back to Europe. To do so, much larger "return ships" of 500 to 1,000 tons were used for the long haul which included a stopover in Cape Town. The route and the season these ships traveled was configured to take maximum advantage of dominant winds. On the inbound route from Amsterdam, ships essentially crossed the Atlantic to reach the South American coast and then catch the fast Westerlies that would bring them to Cape Town. From there, the Westerlies brought the ships straight across the Indian Ocean towards Australia and then a sharp turn north to Batavia or Galle. The return route was more direct and took advantage of the southeast bound winter monsoon winds.	The real Indian is a kirana and community loyalist, so why do consumer businesses mistake us for a homogeneous bunch? Tech Ecommerce The real Indian is a kirana and community loyalist, so why do consumer businesses mistake us for a homogeneous bunch? WhatsApp What does the term Indian mean? Who is this consumer e-commerce businesses are after? Why have large e-commerce companies been successful in selling mobile phones, electronics, books, and apparel, while they just talk about dabbling with food and grocery? These are some questions everybody wants answers to, especially when the opportunity in food retailing is a whopping $300 billion – as projected by Ernst and Young – in the overall retail market of $600 billion. India’s organised retailing is only 10 per cent of the total market opportunity, and within this large pie, organised food retailing is only $9 billion in size. Large brick-and-mortar players like the Future Group and Reliance Retail make up for two-thirds of the revenues in this market. With all their investment muscle, they are still grappling to understand the food consumption basket in India even after localising their store assortments by region. Let us decode this mystery. Let me begin my argument by making a point that no e-commerce company can possibly make in-roads in to the Indian household’s food basket until they understand the history and the sociology behind India’s agricultural and community roots. Image: Shutterstock The root is land, community and food Much of the world, as eminent historians - like Francis Fukuyama - put it, has emerged from tribes to Statehood with technological revolutions. Mass production in agriculture and the creation of markets was one of the major events in human history. In India, statehood is loosely entwined with the caste system and varied by region and by religion. Agriculture is the primary mode of occupation and continues to be the livelihood of at least 65 per cent of the population. Therefore, consumption of food is also tied to the mythology of the community that is also part of the narrative of a larger religion and State. The late food scientist K T Achaya summed up in his books that food in India was so diverse that each community carried its own cultural identity because of it. When the British took over the dominion called India, many of their Statesmen and Governor-Generals were confused about what constituted the nature of being Indian. They simplified it by teaching Indians to speak English just so that it made it easier – for them - to run the country than being confused over the myriad tribes and communities that made up of this place. Over time, it was the influence of the British that brought the concept of nationalism to our freedom fighters, who in turn, united the many kingdoms and the people of India into a Nation. The nation’s constitutional principles were to uphold diversity. Perhaps that’s the reason the Union of Indian States survives as a nation. Unfortunately, proponents of technology do not want to include cultural diversity while building a road map to their business; they aim to uproot culture and treat it as a single set of people. Just because Indians like film music, dance, political gossip, cricket, and movies, it does not mean their community or culture is far away from them. Food and their community moorings are a major part of their lives. There is a hidden narrative of common history with several tribes and communities, which continues to be ignored every day. An Indian maintains a double life. The Indian has a strong affinity towards his community when found with individuals of the same group. The same bunch of people can be Indians while watching a game of sport. India is like a god or goddess with many hands, it cannot be rationalised into one single unit. No wonder proprietary licensed software vendors have always found it difficult to sell to small businesses in India. Doing business in India is a much more complex than an Anglo-Saxon Europe. The funny part is that several western educated Indians struggle to unde	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,525	Who in 2009 became Britain's first individual diving world champion?	Tom Daley has become Britain's first individual world diving champion \| Sport \| The Guardian Close This article is 7 years old Tom Daley last night became Britain's first individual world diving champion after taking gold in the 10m platform event. The 15-year-old was fourth with two rounds to go but a flurry of perfect scores brought him a dramatic victory. It still needed mistakes from the three other leading contenders to give Daley an unexpected win which illustrated how mature a competitor he has become. Even a phone ringing as he stood on the board for his fifth and crucial dive did not disturb his focus. "Getting into the final I just thought, 'Go out there and do your best and see what happens'. I thought I was going to come fourth and I would have been really happy with that. But then to come away with a medal was going to be great, then a gold medal was just insane," said Daley, who became the first British diver to win a world or Olympic title. "Today was never the day when I thought I would become world champion. I woke up and thought just go out and enjoy it. To come away with a gold medal was unthinkable. It still hasn't sunk in. Now I want to do it again in 2012." Since he came to the public's attention, Daley has become the national under-18 champion at 10 years old, and the European senior champion last year, as a 14-year-old. But last year at the Beijing Olympics there was a serious blip on the upward curve when a well-publicised spat with his partner, Blake Aldridge, in the synchro competition was followed by a down-beat performance in the individual 10m, where he finished seventh. This summer, though, Daley has looked the real deal again, hitting a remarkable personal best of 554.90 when he won the Fort Lauderdale grand prix in May. Even so, what happened here was still, as the schoolboy put it, "insane". With four dives to go, the youngest and just about the smallest competitor in the field was more than 18 points behind the leader Bo Qui, from China, who had beaten Daley to the world junior title last year and the second youngest diver, at 16, in the line-up. The Olympic champion, Australia's Matthew Mitcham, who had halted the Chinese clean sweep in Beijing, was in a close second and Zhou Luxin, the Olympic silver medallist was lying third. Daley, with only Mitcham and Bo diving after him, had to produce something special just to have a chance of bronze, and with the lowest degree of difficulty of the four leading divers, nothing less than perfect scores were required, and nothing less than perfect scores were delivered, Daley hitting eight 10s in his final two dives. Zhou failed on his fifth dive, Mitcham had two ordinary (by his high standards) final dives and Bo's poor entry on the last dive of the competition settled it. "I really thought they were going to get it," said Daley. "For them not to do so is really crazy. I can't believe it. I really can't believe it. It's been a lot of hard work; lots of ups and lots of downs. Everything I've put into it has now become worth it."	The Cancer Research UK Boat Races - Personalities Personalities Multi-Olympic Gold Medalist Matthew Pinsent Sir Matthew Pinsent CBE is perhaps the most distinguished oarsman ever to compete in The Boat Race. He was in the Oxford Blue Boat in 1990, 91 & 93, winning twice but was losing President in 1993. In 1992 he missed out on a Blue to take time to win his first Olympic Gold with Steve Redgrave at the Barcelona Olympics. He went on to win 3 more golds, two with Blues; in 2000 with Oxford's Tim Foster and in 2004 with Oxford's Ed Coode. In 2011 Pinsent returned to the Boat Race appearing in and winning his first Veterans Race. He was the umpire for The 2013 BNY Mellon Boat Race. Sir Matthew with his gold Olympic medals World Champion and Olympic Silver Medallist Cath Bishop Cath Bishop became World Champion in 2003 with Katherine Grainger in the coxless pair, going on to win Silver at the Athens Olympic Games of 2004. Cath competed in two Boat Races, those of 1991 and 1993. She describes losing the 1991 Women's Boat Race as the trigger for her ultimate success in the sport, helping her to realise how much winning meant. Cath learned to row whilst at Pembroke College and was on her year abroad for the 1992 race. Leaving Cambridge with a win and a loss, she went on to win her first World Championship medal in 1999 (Silver) in Cologne in the coxless pair. She currently holds the position of Chair at Cambridge University Women's Boat Club. Cath Bishop (L) with Katherine Grainger, having won Silver in Athens Actor & Comedian Hugh Laurie Cambridge 1980 Hugh Laurie rowed in the Cambridge Blue Boat in 1980. His father Ran Laurie had stroked Cambridge to victory between 1934-36 and won a Gold at the 1948 London Olympics. Laurie had been a GB Junior International while at Eton, however his Cambridge crew narrowly lost in an exciting race featuring clashes of blades and the collapse of the Oxford bow man. This was Laurie's only Boat Race before the lure of the 'footlights' led him into his distinguished career. Hugh Laurie training in the 1980 Cambridge crew Lord (Colin) Moynihan Chairman of the British Olympic Association Colin Moynihan was a double blue coxing the victorious Oxford crew in the 1977 Boat Race and boxing against Cambridge in the Bantamweight division. He beat Benazir Bhutto to win the Presidency of the Oxford Union in 1976. In the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games he was cox for the GB men's VIII winning a silver medal. Moynihan became an MP in 1983 and was MInister for Sport between 1987-1990. He is an hereditary Peer but was elected to stay in the House of Lords in 2000 where he has been a Conservative spokesman on Sport and Foreign Affairs. In 2005 The 4th Baron Moynihan became Chairman of the British Olympic Association for the run-up to the London 2012 Olympic Games. Moynihan in 1977 shoveling hops at the Young's brewery in order to lose weight Boris Rankov rowed in more Boat Races than any other athlete Educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford (MA 1980, DPhil 1987), Boris Rankov is best known for leading Oxford to victory six times between 1978 and 1983, three times in the 4 seat and three times in the 5 seat. This led to the establishment of the so-called Rankov Rule, which states that oarsmen will compete in the race no more than four times as an undergraduate and no more than four times as a graduate. Rankov has however, umpired the race in 2003, 2005 and 2009. He is currently a professor of Roman history at Royal Holloway, University of London. Boris Rankov following one of his six victories Sue Brown, the first woman to compete in the Boat Race On April 4th 1981 Sue Brown became the first woman to participate in The Boat Race, as cox of the Oxford Blue Boat, a task she repeated in 1982, winning on both occassions. Since then both clubs have used female coxes to steer their crews. The first woman cox in the Cambridge Blue Boat was Henrietta Shaw in 1985. The first time both crews were coxed by women was 1989, the dark blues with Alison Norrish, the light blues with Leigh Weiss. Sue Brown Oxford cox 1981-82	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,526	A bonspiel is a tournament in which winter sport?	My Curling .com - All the information on curling you need! My Curling .com - All the information on curling you need! How to play - The how to of curling. The playing surface - The dimensions of a standard curling rink. Curling on TV - a schedule of televised curling events. Planning Bonspiels - Things to consider when planning a bonspiel. Bonspiel Draw Sheets - Draw sheets for three and four events Bonspiels - A list of upcoming bonspiels. Check out our interactive Curling Club Locator ! Yukon CURLING. From the opening handshakes and "good curling" wishes to the "good game" handshakes and socializing after the game, curling is one great pastime. It involves sportsmanship, teamwork, skill, endurance, and players of all ages. The sport of curling excludes no one. Around the world, women, men, and children of all different skill levels and abilities take part. In Canada, as far as winter sports go, curling is as popular as ice hockey. Canadian curling is a great game for those who are interested in a sport like chess on ice, rather than the body contact of ice hockey. Curling also has a social component where teams indulge in a friendly beer or glass of wine after the game. It is a great sport for meeting new people and having conversations with different folk. During the Canadian summer, many curlers take up the sport of golf or baseball. The game of curling is played using carefully crafted stones thrown along a sheet of ice. The ice is carefully cleaned and pebbled before every game. Four players on a team hold designated positions - lead, second, third, and skip. Players on each team take turns sliding out of the hack and throwing rocks down the ice towards the house. The skip stands in the house and calls the shots. One player throws a rock while two others on the team follow it down the ice using a broom to sweep in front of the rock, if it needs it. The sweeping can carry a rock further, and cause it to curl more or less. When a player is sliding out of the hack, he must release the rock before he reaches the hog line. If a draw is called, the player slides out of the hack more gently and releases the stone with less force. If a takeout is called, the player slides out of the hack with more force and releases the stone with greater weight. Guards are rocks that are placed in front of the house, in the guard zone, blocking the path to the rocks in the house. When all of the rocks have been thrown in one direction, an end has been played. The third of the scoring team marks her points on a large scoreboard for all to see. One complete game usually consists of eight or ten ends. In curling rinks around the world, leagues have their own competitions. There are mens nights, ladies leagues, childrens Sunday afternoon play, business leagues and international play. Teams can also play in bonspiels in other curling rinks for prizes and a great social time. Bonspiels most often involve games Friday afternoon and evening, all day and evening Saturday, and games and final play on Sunday. Some teams leave a bonspiel with prizes, but most leave with great memories and new friends. Search	List of German expressions in English Zwieback, a "twice baked" bread; rusk, variants: German hard biscuits; Mennonite double yeast roll. Sports and recreation Abseil (German spelling: sich abseilen, a reflexive verb, to rope (seil) oneself (sich) down (ab)); the term abseiling is used in the UK and commonwealth countries, "roping (down)" in various English settings, "rappelling" in the US and "snapling" by Israelis. Blitz, taken from Blitzkrieg (lightning war). It is a team defensive play in American or Canadian football in which the defense sends more players than the offense can block. Foosball, probably from the German word for table football, Tischfuï¿½ball [1]; paradoxically, foosball is called Kicker in German Karabiner, snaplink, a metal loop with a sprung or screwed gate, used in climbing and mountaineering; modern short form/derivation of the older word 'Karabinerhaken'; translates to 'riflehook'. The German word can also mean Carbine. Kutte, a type of vest made out of denim or leather and traditionally worn by bikers, metalheads and punks Fahrvergnï¿½gen meaning "driving pleasure"; originally, the word was introduced in a Volkswagen advertising campaign in the U.S., one tag line was: "Are we having Fahrvergnï¿½gen yet?"). Kletterschuh, climbing shoe (mountaineering) Other aspects of everyday life –bahn as a suffix, e.g. Infobahn, after Autobahn Blï¿½cher, a half-boot named after Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blï¿½cher (1742–1819); also a hand in the British card gameNapoleon. Dachshund, literally badger dog, a dog breed (the breed usually goes by the name of Dackel in German usage). Doberman Pinscher, a dog breed Doppelgï¿½nger, "double-goer"; also spelled in English as doppelganger; a double or look-alike. However, in English the connotation is that of a ghostly apparition of a duplicate living person. Dreck, literally dirt or smut, but now means trashy, awful (through Yiddish, OED s.v.) Dummkopf, dumm=dumb/not intelligent + Kopf=head; a stupid, ignorant person erlaubt, allowed, granted - opposite of verboten. Ersatz, replacement; usually implying an artificial and inferior substitute or imitation Fest, festival Flak, Flugabwehrkanone, literally: air-defence cannon, for anti-aircraft artillery or their shells, also used in flak jacket; or in the figurative sense: "drawing flak" = being heavily criticized Gemï¿½tlichkeit, coziness Gesundheit, literally: health; an exclamation used in place of "bless you!" after someone has sneezed Hausfrau, pejorative: frumpy, petty-bourgeois, traditional, pre-emancipation type housewife whose interests centre on the home, or who is even exclusively interested in domestic matters (colloquial, American English only), sometimes humorously used to replace "wife", but with the same mildly derisive connotation Kaffeeklatsch, afternoon meeting where people (most times referring to women) chitchat while drinking coffee or tea; Kaffee = coffee, Klatsch = gossip, klatschen = chitchatting kaput (German spelling: kaputt), out-of-order Kindergarten, children’s garden, day-care centre, playschool, preschool Kitsch, cheap, sentimental, gaudy items of popular culture Kraut, a derogatory term for a German, literally means cabbage in German Lebensraum, space to live Meister, Master, also as a suffix: –meister Nazi, short form for Nationalsozialist (= National Socialist) Neanderthal (modern German spelling: Neandertal), for German Neandertaler, which means: of, from, or pertaining to the Neandertal("Neander Valley"), site near Dï¿½sseldorf where early Homo neanderthalensis fossils (also called Neandertaler in German) were found Oktoberfest, Bavarian folk festival held annually in Munich during late September and early October Poltergeist, mischievous, noisy ghost; cases of haunting, involving spontaneous psychokinesis Rottweiler, breed of dog Schadenfreude, delight at the misfortune of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,527	Which English author said ‘Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play……..it is war minus the shooting’?	George Orwell: The Sporting Spirit George Orwell The Sporting Spirit Now that the brief visit of the Dynamo football team has come to an end, it is possible to say publicly what many thinking people were saying privately before the Dynamos ever arrived. That is, that sport is an unfailing cause of ill-will, and that if such a visit as this had any effect at all on Anglo-Soviet relations, it could only be to make them slightly worse than before. Even the newspapers have been unable to conceal the fact that at least two of the four matches played led to much bad feeling. At the Arsenal match, I am told by someone who was there, a British and a Russian player came to blows and the crowd booed the referee. The Glasgow match, someone else informs me, was simply a free-for-all from the start. And then there was the controversy, typical of our nationalistic age, about the composition of the Arsenal team. Was it really an all-England team, as claimed by the Russians, or merely a league team, as claimed by the British? And did the Dynamos end their tour abruptly in order to avoid playing an all-England team? As usual, everyone answers these questions according to his political predilections. Not quite everyone, however. I noted with interest, as an instance of the vicious passions that football provokes, that the sporting correspondent of the russophile News Chronicle took the anti-Russian line and maintained that Arsenal was not an all-England team. No doubt the controversy will continue to echo for years in the footnotes of history books. Meanwhile the result of the Dynamos' tour, in so far as it has had any result, will have been to create fresh animosity on both sides. And how could it be otherwise? I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved. it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe — at any rate for short periods — that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. Even a leisurely game like cricket, demanding grace rather than strength, can cause much ill-will, as we saw in the controversy over body-line bowling and over the rough tactics of the Australian team that visited England in 1921. Football, a game in which everyone gets hurt and every nation has its own style of play which seems unfair to foreigners, is far worse. Worst of all is boxing. One of the most horrible sights in the world is a fight between white and coloured boxers before a mixed audience. But a boxing audience is always disgusting, and the behaviour of the women, in particular, is such that the army, I believe, does not allow them to attend its contests. At any rate, two or three years ago, when Home Guards and regular troops were holding a boxing tournament, I was placed on guard at the door of the hall, with orders to keep the women out. In England, the obsession with sport is bad enough, but even fiercer passions are aroused in young countries where games playing and nationalis	1. How many different scoring areas are there on a standard dart board? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. How many different scoring areas are there on a standard dart board? 2. Which New York bridge, completed in 1883, was designed by John Augustus Roebling? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which New York bridge, completed in 1883, was designed by John Augustus Roebling? 3. Taphephobia is the fear of what? 4. Concord is the capital of which American state? 5. Lentigines is the medical term for what? 6. Which Saint’s day is on March 1? 7. Which famous author once said: Work is the curse of the drinking classes? 8. Which line on the London Underground was opened in 1977 and was originally planned to be called Fleet? 9. In what year did Disneyland open? 10. Which TV police series began as a one off programme called Woodentop? 11. Who had a top 10 hit in 1998 called I Don’t Want To Miss A Thing? 12. How many legs does an ant have? 13. Which country is San Marino surrounded by? 14. Which waterway divides the Isle of Wight from the English mainland? 15. Which is bigger – one litre or two pints? 16. What type of creature is a motmot? 17. What was the subject of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty? 18. Who duetted with Michael Jackson on The Girl Is Mine? 19. How many inches are there in a yard? 20. Who wrote a book of children’s poems called Old Possum’s Book Of Practical Cats? 21. Who was the first man to fly the Atlantic solo? 22. What was the name of the first feature film in which the dog Lassie appeared? 23. Who won this year’s Badminton Horse Trials. 24. In which year did the Great Wall Street Crash occur? 25. Dustin Hoffman’s first major role was in which 1967 film? 26. From which football club did Arsenal sign midfielder Cesc Fabregas? 27. Which football team is nicknamed the Rams? 28. What colour are the five Olympic rings? 29. Which rugby union team won the 2007 EDF energy cup? 30. Who won the Golden Boot at the 1986 football World Cup? 1. 82; 2. Brooklyn Bridge; 3. The fear of being buried alive; 4. New Hampshire; 5. Freckles; 6. St David’s; 7. Oscar Wilde; 8. Jubilee; 9. 1955; 10. The Bill; 11. Aerosmith; 12. 6; 13. Italy; 14. The Solent; 15. Two pints; 16. A bird; 17. The unification of Europe; 18. Paul McCartney; 19. 36; 20. T. S. Elliot; 21. Charles Lindbergh; 22. Lassie Come Home; 23. Nicolas Touzaint; 24. 1929; 25. The Graduate; 26. Barcelona; 27. Derby County; 28. Blue, Yellow, Black, Green & Red; 29. Leicester tigers; 30. Gary Lineker Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,528	Tamerlane was a 14th-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of which empire?	Timur or Tamerlane - A Brief Biography Timur or Tamerlane By Kallie Szczepanski Updated April 24, 2016. Throughout history, few names have inspired such terror as "Tamerlane." That was not the Central Asian conqueror's actual name, though. More properly, he is known as Timur, from the Turkic word for "iron." Amir Timur is remembered as a vicious conqueror, who razed ancient cities to the ground and put entire populations to the sword. On the other hand, he is also known as a great patron of the arts, literature, and architecture. One of his signal achievements is his capital at the beautiful city of Samarkand, in modern-day Uzbekistan . A complicated man, Timur continues to fascinate us some six centuries after his death. Early Life: Timur was born in 1336, near the city of Kesh (now called Shahrisabz), about 50 miles south of the oasis of Samarkand, in Transoxiana. The child's father, Taragay, was the chief of the Barlas tribe. The Barlas were of mixed Mongolian and Turkic ancestry, descended from the hordes of Genghis Khan and the earlier inhabitants of Transoxiana. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know Unlike their nomadic ancestors, the Barlas were settled agriculturalists and traders. Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Arabshah's 14th century biography, "Tamerlane or Timur: The Great Amir," states that Timur was descended from Genghis Khan on his mother's side; it is not entirely clear whether that is true. Disputed Causes of Timur's Lameness: The European versions of Timur's name - "Tamerlane" or "Tamberlane" - are based on the Turkic nickname Timur-i-leng, meaning "Timur the Lame." Timur's body was exhumed by a Russian team lead by archaeologist Mikhail Gerasimov in 1941, and they found evidence of two healed wounds on Timur's right leg. His right hand was also missing two fingers. The anti-Timurid author Arabshah says that Timur was shot with an arrow while stealing sheep. More likely, he was wounded in 1363 or 1364, while fighting as a mercenary for Sistan (southeastern Persia ) as stated by contemporary chroniclers Ruy Clavijo and Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi. Transoxiana's Political Situation: During Timur's youth, Transoxiana was riven by conflict between the local nomadic clans and the sedentary Chagatay Mongol khans who ruled them. The Chagatay had abandoned the mobile ways of Genghis Khan and their other ancestors, and taxed the people heavily in order to support their urban lifestyle. Naturally, this taxation angered their citizens. In 1347, a local amir named Kazgan seized power from the Chagatay ruler Borolday. Kazgan would rule until his assassination in 1358. After Kazgan's death, various warlords and religious leaders vied for power. Tughluk Timur, a Mongol warlord, emerged victorious in 1360. Young Timur Gains and Loses Power: Timur's uncle Hajji Beg led the Barlas at this time, but refused to submit to Tughluk Timur. The Hajji fled, and the new Mongol ruler decided to install the seemingly more pliable young Timur to rule in his stead. In fact, Timur was already plotting against the Mongols . He formed an alliance with the grandson of Kazgan, Amir Hussein, and married Hussein's sister Aljai Turkanaga. The Mongols soon caught on; Timur and Hussein were dethroned and forced to turn to banditry in order to survive. In 1362, the legend says, Timur's following was reduced to two: Aljai, and one other. They were even imprisoned in Persia for two months. Timur 's Conquests Begin: Timur's bravery and tactical skill made him a successful mercenary soldier in Persia, and he soon collected a large following. In 1364, Timur and Hussein banded together again and defeated Ilyas Khoja, the son of Tughluk Timur. By 1366, the two warlords controlled Transoxiana. Timur's wife died in 1370, freeing him to attack his erstwhile ally Hussein. Hussein was besieged and killed at Balkh, and Timur declared himself the sovereign of the whole region. Timur was not directly descended from Genghis Khan on his father's side, so he ruled as an amir (from the Arabic word for "prince"), rather than as khan	W. Somerset Maugham - Freedom From Religion Foundation Orders W. Somerset Maugham On this date in 1874, William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris, France. Maugham was orphaned when he was ten years old, and soon moved to live with relatives in England. He underwent medical training at St. Thomas Hospital in London, becoming a doctor in 1897. After publishing his first book, Liza of Lambeth (1897)—inspired by his time in London—Maugham left his medical career to pursue writing. His literary skill and concise writing style helped him become an accomplished novelist, playwright and short story writer. Maugham is most famous for writing the semi-autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage (1917). His other popular works include The Moon and Sixpence (1919), Cakes and Ale (1930), The Razor’s Edge (1944), and the short story “Rain” (1923). He married Syrie Wellcome following her divorce from Henry Wellcome in 1917. The marriage was unhappy and they divorced in 1928. They had one daughter, Mary Elizabeth, born in 1915. Many of Maugham’s significant relationships were with men; Frederick Gerald Haxton, Maugham’s American secretary, was his lover and companion from 1914 until Haxton’s death in 1944. Maugham was a nonbeliever who saw no need for religion. “I remain an agnostic, and the practical outcome of agnosticism is that you act as though God did not exist,” Maugham wrote in his memoir The Summing Up (1938). In the notebook he kept from 1892–1949, he discussed religion and his lack of religious beliefs more extensively. Maugham wrote: “I’m glad I don’t believe in God. When I look at the misery of the world and its bitterness I think that no belief can be more ignoble” (A Writer’s Notebook, 1949). He continued: “The evidence adduced to prove the truth of one religion is of very much the same sort as that adduced to prove the truth of another. I wonder if that does not make the Christian uneasy to reflect that if he had been in Morocco he would have been a Mahometan, if in Ceylon a Buddhist; and in that case Christianity would have seemed to him as absurd and obviously untrue as those religions seem to the Christian.” D. 1965 “I do not believe in God. I see no need of such idea. It is incredible to me that there should be an after-life. I find the notion of future punishment outrageous and of future reward extravagant. I am convinced that when I die, I shall cease entirely to live; I shall return to the earth I came from.” —W. Somerset Maugham, A Writer’s Notebook (1949) Compiled by Sabrina Gaylor and Eleanor Wroblewski © Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved. In This Section	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,529	In response to a request by Gypsy Rose Lee, what term for a striptease performer was coined by the H. L. Mencken after he channeled his inner Greek and thought of invertebrate molting?	University Diaries From today’s Washington Post : Dear Miss Manners: I am a student at a large university, and thus most of my communication with professors (for better or for worse) is done in writing (via e-mail). I find myself over and over in the same predicament as to how to address my professors. When initiating contact, I always greet the professor with "Dear Dr. Jack Jones." However, more often than not the professor will respond to my message with "Dear Seth . . . Sincerely, Jack." What is the correct way for me to respond that is neither haughty nor rude? Should I continue to use the professor's full name and title in my future correspondence, or should I assume that by using only their first name, they are inviting me to do the same? ****************************************** They are inviting you to think of them as your equals and your friends, but Miss Manners advises you not to count on such pals to be good to you at grade time. Rather than mistaking a posture intended to make themselves feel young as a personal gesture, she would suggest continuing to address them by the title of professor or doctor, whichever is more used in your university (and the first name should be omitted from the salutation). It’s a small subject, maybe, but one to which I’ve given some thought. First: I’m pleased that students virtually always write Dear Professor Soltan in emails (I’ve never gotten Dear Dr. Margaret Soltan -- that sounds weird). As our email relationship heats up, the student will often shorten things to Professor, or Prof Soltan, which I also like. Some students will start our email idyll with Hello, which is fine as well. Wild hairy hippie students, for whom I have a soft spot, will sometimes go right to Hey. Or Hey! Miss Manners would be appalled, but I don’t mind. Second: When I respond, I sign myself Margaret Soltan, or, if we’re a little more intime, Margaret S. Virtually never Margaret. Most students continue to address me, in further emails, as Professor. To be sure, most of my activities at this point in my life are pathetic efforts to make myself feel young, so Miss Manners must be right that my disinclination to sign myself Professor Soltan is part of that whole thing. What it mainly feels like to me, though, is my all-American skittishness when it comes to formal titles. Having spent time in Europe, I’m phobic about the slightest chance of being confused with horrific Dottoressas. Get behind GM’s Fuel Price Protection Program, a just-announced gas subsidy for owners of Tahoes, Suburbans, Yukons, and Hummers. Posted at: 5/31/2006 01:03:00 PM Blurb Without a Content After lunch with a student yesterday, UD trudged in the already hellish heat to her local Borders and bought Harry Lewis's Excellence Without a Soul : How a Great University Forgot Education. She has now read twenty-seven pages. It's not looking good. Start with the blurbs on the crimson and gold back cover. Many of les blurbistes agree that Harry Lewis is "brave" and courageous." Under no circumstances is the writing of a book by a tenured American professor an act of bravery. Whenever UD reads that an artist who has done something anti-bourgeois, or a tenured professor who has written something shocking, is "brave," she wants to hurl. Harvard professors like Andrei Shleifer can defraud the United States government and cost Harvard tens of millions in fines and themselves have to pay millions in fines and not only retain their tenure but retain their named chairs. Publishing a book, even a book critical of Harvard, cannot be a brave act if there aren't any remotely conceivable negative consequences. This use of the word "courageous" is of course meant to give the vaguely perusing Borders customer a reason to buy Lewis's book -- the drama of the word conveys an exciting interior. ... Yet if the peruser were to look with a little more care at the content of some of the blurbs, she'd know better (UD knew better, but bought the book because she's got this blog about universities...). Here's one from The Reverend Theodore M. Hesbur	Issue 189 by East Cork Journal (page 54) - issuu issuu 44 Wednesday, May 4th, 2011 - The East Cork Journal 54 TEL. (021) 4630066 WITH OUR 3 23 (5) 17. Stunned (6) 21. Offer an idea (7) 22. Ribbon (5) 23. Competition (7) DOWN 2. Journeying (10) 3. Seller (8) 4. King of beasts (4) 5. Board game (4) U Test your concentration with this word ladder 19 Congratulations to last week’s winner: AMY DUFF-O’SHEA, DUNGARVAN ACROSS 1.Surprise (7) 7. Sweet substance (5) 8. Animated drawing (7) 9. Frothy dessert (6) 11. TV, newspapers, radio etc (5) 13. Kitchen basin (4) 14. Wiped out (7) 15. Seaside platform (4) 16. Manmade waterway E R 6. Mountain road (4) 9. Pile of earth (5) 10. Shades (10) 12. Daring exploit (5) 13. Not crooked (8) 18. Difficult (4) 19. Jacket and trousers (4) 20. Japanese wrestling (4) ANSWERS TO LAST WEEK’S CROSSWORD: ACROSS 1. Spatula 7. Robin 8. Bonanza 9. Camera 11.Space 13. Kite 14. Explain 15. Boar 16. Steep 17. Assist 21. Eagerly 22. Tunic 23. Library. DOWN: 2. Prosperous 3. Thatcher 4. Lazy 5. Coma 6. Dive 9. Creak 10. Rottweiler 12. Sport 13. Knitwear 18. Soup 19. Swim 20. Sari. Name: ______________________________ Address: ____________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Tel (mobile):______________________________ Home:_______________________________ Entries to East Cork Journal, 1st Floor, Watersedge, Riverside Way, Midleton B I K E Five Minutes - Five Questions 1. Mistral, chinook, zonda, and willy-willy are types of which planet Earth feature? 2. Which tropical fish, named after an iconic four-legged beast, has the ability to regenerate its fins, skin and heart? 3. Named after chairs found at the Bargello Palace in Florence, Italy, what type of handicraft is Bargello? 4. A suplex is an offensive move in which professional sport? 5. In which city was scientist Marie Curie born, whose residents are known as Varsovians? Answer to last week’s Medium 2 ANSWERS TO WORDGAMES: 1. TREEHOUSE 2. BAKE SAKE SALE ANSWERS: 1. Winds 2. Zebrafish 3. Embroidery 4. Wrestling 5. Warsaw 1 Find the 9 letter word hidden in this word wheel Answer to last week’s Difficult Tea-Break Crossword SUDOKU	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,530	For what purpose was the typeface Charles Wright 2001 designed?	Charles Wright \| K-Type Edit My Details Charles Wright K-Type Charles Wright is a full typeface in the style of lettering used for British vehicle plates. The family includes the standard Bold weight which is based on the condensed bold ‘2001’ style with an uppercase which conforms to British registration plate specifications for character heights of 79mm and widths of 50mm. The licensed family also includes previously unavailable Medium and Regular weights, and a set of Obliques, each containing a newly designed lowercase and a full compliment of Latin Extended-A European accented characters. The new typeface has also been carefully kerned to perform well on the page. All three weights and their obliques contain numerous typographical nuances and aesthetic improvements to make the fonts more acceptable for design work. Curved terminals are a little less obvious so glyphs are more open and clearer. Rounded shapes are not quite as square as older versions so characters look less blocky. A hint of stroke contrast has been introduced with horizontals being very slightly thinner than verticals on the Bold, a little more contrast on the Medium and Regular weights. The vertex of the M and apex of the W are pointed (as in K-Type Mandatory ) though both vertex and apex are slightly rounded to be easy on the eye and ease congestion. The middle strokes of both letters are more open and clearer than other Charles Wright 2001 fonts where the cropped M and W appear too heavy and tightly packed. Also, since the letter Q is not used for registration plates, the K-Type Charles Wright typeface allows the tail of the Q to descend below the baseline. For vehicle platemakers, three additional fonts are included which only contain uppercase letters, numerals and basic punctuation, and which are not kerned: Charles Wright Motorcycle is a version of the slightly lighter, smaller lettering on motorcycle plates for character heights of 64mm and widths of 44mm. Charles Wright 1935 is a version of the original wider lettering, still used on the plates of older vehicles, for character widths of 57mm and heights of 79mm. Charles Wright Bold Caps contains unkerned uppercase letters and numerals in the standard 2001 style for character heights of 79mm and widths of 50mm. You can read more about the origin of the Charles Wright typeface in the Kernel . All 9 fonts are included in the licensed download, and the familiar Bold weight can be downloaded free for personal use. Download Charles Wright Bold Free for Personal Use: Download Choose Licence:	Issue 172 by East Cork Journal (page 54) - issuu issuu Wednesday, January 5th, 2011 - The East Cork Journal The Puzzler WIN2TICKETS FOR... TEL. (021) 4630066 WITH OUR 3 4 Congratulations to last week’s winner: CAROLINE GRIFFIN, Midleton ACROSS 8. Viewpoint (7) 9. Inheritors (5) 10. Winning card suit (5) 11. Low wall on a roof (7) 12. Swerve (4) 13. Mechanic (8) 16. Formal dress for a dance (4, 4) 18. Elegant (4) 21. Reaches a set level (7) 23. Cure (5) 25. Selected (5) 26. Passionate (7) DOWN 1. Ship (4) 2. Number (6) 3. Bundles (5) 4. Cut (4) 5. Pickled cucumber (7) 6. Small hollow on the skin (6) 7. Mysterious (8) 12. Vigour (8) 14. Fresh (3) 15. Sets on fire (7) 17. Soothing substance (6) 19. Radiator (6) 20. Trinket (5) 22. Gentle (4) 24. Poses(4) ANSWERS TO LAST WEEK’S CROSSWORD: ACROSS: 8. Ovation 9. Peach 10. Melee 11. Problem 12. Jest 13. Magnetic 16. Generate 18. Fell 21.Lottery 23. Eagle 25.Novel 26. Absence. DOWN: 1. Boom 2. Faults 3. Hiker 4. Snap 5. Appoint 6. Ballot 7. Chemical 12. Juggling 14. Act 15.Briefly 17. Native 19. Engine 20. Cease 22. Year 24. Even. Name: ______________________________ Address: ____________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Tel (mobile):______________________________ Home:_______________________________ Entries to East Cork Journal, 1st Floor, Watersedge, Riverside Way, Midleton O D Test your concentration with this word ladder L E A P P A R K Five Minutes - Five Questions 1. Name the pin-up celebrity who appeared on a provocative poster for PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) in 2010, with her body marked as if for cuts of meat? 2. Name Microsoft's hands-free gaming system launched in June 2010, a madeup word alluding to joining? 3. Charles Taylor, in court (along with witnesses Naomi Campbell and Mia Farrow) at the Hague in 2010, the first African president to face trial for war crimes, led which nation? 4. In 2010 India announced the reintroduction of which animal, sixty years after being hunted to extinction in the wild? 5. The new £340m Aviva Stadium in Ireland opened in 2010 on the site of which previous famous sports ground? Answer to last week’s Medium 8 2 ANSWERS TO WORDGAMES: 1. NOSEDIVED 2. LEAK PEAK PERK ANSWERS: 1. Pamela Anderson 2. Kinect 3. Liberia 4. Cheetah 5. Landsdowne Road 1 Find the 9 letter word hidden in this word wheel Answer to last week’s Difficult Tea-Break Crossword SUDOKU	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,531	Later holding a cabinet post, who finished second to Harold Wilson in the 1963 Labour Party Leadership Election?	Harold Wilson \| Politics \| The Guardian Harold Wilson Thursday 25 May 1995 09.59 EDT First published on Thursday 25 May 1995 09.59 EDT Share on Messenger Close Lord Wilson of Rievaulx, as he came improbably to be called - will not go down in the history books as one of Britain's greatest prime ministers. But, increasingly, he will be seen as a far bigger political figure than contemporary sceptics have allowed far more representative of that uniquely ambivalent mood of Britain in the 1960s and a far more rounded and caring, if unfulfilled, person. It is my view that he was a remarkable prime minister and, indeed, a quite remarkable man. Cynics had a field day ridiculing him at the time of his decline. Perhaps that was inevitable given his irresistible tendency to behave like the master of the Big Trick in the circus ring of politics - for whom there is nothing so humiliating as to have it demonstrated, often by fellow tricksters, that the Big Trick hasn't worked. James Harold Wilson happened to be prime minister leading a left wing party at a time when the mores of post-war political and economic change in Britain (and elsewhere) were just beginning to be perceived. Arguably it was the period of the greatest social and industrial change this century, even if the people - let alone the Wilson governments - were never fully aware of the nature of that change. Social relationships across the entire class spectrum were being transformed. What with the Pill, television, fashion, life style, pleasure and leisure, there was a deepening uncertainty in the 1960s about what it all meant and where it was all leading. Harold Wilson's "burning with the white heat of technology," and other famous phrases, sought to grapple with the era while never quite understanding what was happening to him or his government in a changing Britain and a dramatically changing world. He was blamed for things he never properly understood were happening. In that sense the Wilson of the 1960s was a victim far more than a hapless architect. He lacked the deep conviction of Thatcher or De Gaulle he never possessed the philosophical and inspirational qualities of Aneurin Bevan - who, had he lived beyond 1960, would probably have been Labour's prime minister. Wilson often drifted. There was no compass, no weight of ideological baggage. But Denis Healey is wrong in his assessment of Wilson as a man who had "neither political principle" nor "sense of direction." Wilson did have both - embedded not in ideology but in his intuitive sense of decency and his powerful drive to try and spread that decency among his fellow citizens. Not classical socialist doctrine, but a profound belief that the Labour party was the instrument in his hands for the establishment of social decency. There was another curious aspect to Harold Wilson - a strange modesty. Sometimes one had the impression that he never quite believed that he had arrived at the top of the greasy pole. Just before he was due to go to the palace in 1964 after narrowly winning that memorable election, I interviewed him for the Daily Herald. We sat alone in Labour party headquarters at Transport House and I asked him how he felt. "I still can't believe it," he responded. "Just think, here I am, the lad from behind those lace curtains in the Huddersfield house you saw - here I am about to go to see the Queen and become prime minister... I still can't believe it." The cynics will dismiss that as an act. I am convinced it was genuine, vintage Wilson. Not that those lace curtains concealed a working class home of poverty and deprivation. He came from a lower middle class family. His father, James Herbert, whom Harold later had pride in bringing to Labour party conferences, was an industrial chemist who worked for ICI. But in the slump after the first world war Herbert Wilson was made redundant. It devastated the family and shaped Harold Wilson 's political mind for all time. He later confessed: "Unemployment more than anything else made me politically conscious." At Milnsbridge New Street council school he won a cou	Conflicting Views of the Attlee Governments by Professor Kevin Jeffreys. University of Plymouth new perspective. Volume 3. Number 3. March 1998 Summary: Labour won a resounding election victory in 1945, but from 1947 its popularity began to ebb, with economic, financial and foreign policy problems, and it went out of office in 1951. In the meantime it instituted substantial reforms, including the creation of the welfare state and the nationalisation of important industries. How should the party's achievements be judged? Did Labour under Attlee miss a golden opportunity to introduce socialism, or did his governments attempt too much and over-stretch the economy? Kevin Jefferys accepts neither of these alternatives. Instead he praises Labour for making Britain a better place in which to live. Introduction: Attlee becomes Prime Minister WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WIFE was said to have remarked that electoral defeat in 1945 was a blessing in disguise. If so, Churchill said, the blessing was extremely well disguised. In spite of his reputation as Britain's saviour during the Second World War, the Conservatives were decisively rejected at the polls. At the last pre-war election, Labour trailed the Tory-dominated National Government by over 200 parliamentary seats. But as victory against Hitler came into sight during 1943-44, Churchill and other leading Conservatives misjudged the mood of the nation. By championing the wishes of millions who hoped to see a 'New Jerusalem' emerging out of the ashes of war, Labour swept into office in 1945 with one of the biggest landslide victories in modern politics. As Churchill licked his wounds, the enigmatic figure of Clement Attlee entered No. 10 Downing Street, at the head of the first-ever Labour government with a clear majority over all other parties combined. Attlee was much under-rated at the time. He clearly lacked certain qualities. On the 'equivalent of the Richter scale for oratory', Peter Hennessy has written, 'the needle scarcely flickered'. Yet Attlee was a leader with considerable self-belief, and his shrewd common sense and skilful handling of colleagues enabled him to remain at the helm for six gruelling years. He was confronted by desperate economic hardships and found his parliamentary majority greatly reduced in 1950. Yet by the time his second, short-lived administration came to an end in 1951, Attlee could reflect with pride on what had been achieved. The face of domestic politics had been transformed by a new 'post-war settlement': this included a mixed economy containing many nationalised industries; the maintenance of high wartime levels of employment; and the introduction of what became known as the welfare state. Historians, social scientists, journalists and politicians have debated long and hard about the type of society Britain became in the immediate post-war years. Before assessing some of the conflicting interpretations, we mightfirst set the scene by outlining four broad stages in the history of the Attlee governments. Full Speed Ahead 1945-46 Britain had lost a quarter of its national wealth in defeating Hitler; without urgent attempts to recover lost exports markets, the government faced a 'financial Dunkirk'. Yet fortified by the negotiation of a controversial American loan, ministers forged ahead with an extensive reform programme, as promised in Labour's election manifesto. The pace of change in the early days was encouraged by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Hugh Dalton, whose economic policy was designed to favour ordinary working-class families, most of whom were still suffering from the privations associated with war. Food subsidies were retained in order to keep down living costs; progressive rates of taxation were kept in place; and regional development was pursued vigorously, so helping to avoid any return to mass unemployment in pre-war industrial blackspots. Under the watchful guidance of Herbert Morrison, Labour's organisational supremo, several major industries were taken into public ownership. In later years the development of a mixed economy was	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,532	Which two countries are linked by the Brenner Pass?	Austria sends more police to patrol Brenner border area Austria sends more police to patrol Brenner border area Pin it Share A car passes a street sign reading 'Austria' in the Italian village of Brenner on the Italian - Austrian boarder, March 3, 2016. REUTERS/Dominic Ebenbichler More VIENNA (Reuters) - Austria is sending 80 more police and support staff to boost patrols around the Alpine Brenner pass and catch rising numbers of unregistered migrants coming in from Italy, Interior Minister Wolfgang Sobotka said on Sunday. He denied the move was in any way linked to presidential elections in Austria in which a far-right candidate was deadlocked with a former leader of the leftist Greens party, with postal ballots to decide the race. "It appears that here and there migrants are getting through at the Brenner, sometimes none, other times five, seven or 10. There is a also small number of asylum requests that pop up," Sobotka told reporters at an election event in Vienna. "So we will step up appropriate measures in the overall Brenner area," he said. "Thirty officials from the Tyrol area supported by 50 officers from the rest of the country will start an intensive dragnet," he added. "People are being stopped in regional trains, buses and cars." He said illegal crossings started to increase during the Pentecost holidays following a drop after he and his Italian counterpart met at the pass late last month. The neighbors have tried to play down tensions that flared after Austria said it might reintroduce border controls at the Brenner pass if it was necessary to curb the flow of migrants. Both Italy and Austria are members of the European Union's Schengen open-border zone, but free movement has been jeopardized by the reimposition of controls at some key crossings by countries affected by an influx of migrants. Any toughening of border controls at the Brenner Pass would slow traffic on an important route from Italy to Germany, Italy's top trading partner. Hundreds of thousands of migrants fleeing war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa have crossed the Mediterranean to Italy since 2014, and Austria has said Rome must stop them from traveling on toward northern Europe. (Reporting by Michael Shields; Editing by Tom Heneghan) Reblog	TRIVIA - HISTORICAL TRIVIA - HISTORICAL ` History Trivia What was a ship called the Ancon the first to travel through, on August 15, 1914? The Panama Canal. What fighter pilot flew World War I missions with his Great Dane "Moritz" next to him in the cockpit? Monfred von Richthofen, or " The Red Baron". What country lost 17.2 percent of its population in World War II? Poland. What deranged Roman emperor had a name that meant "little boot"? Caligula. What Pakistani was the first head of state in the 20th century to give birth in office? Benazir Bhutto. What two-word term describes the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning f the Renaissance? Middle Ages. What newspaper won a Pulitzer for its Watergate coverage? The Washington Post. Who described the impending Persian Gulf ground war as "the mother of all battles"? Saddam Hussein. What ship's lookout was miffed when his request for binoculars was denied in 1912? The Titanic's. What big-league baseball prospect was jailed in Cuba from 1953 to 1955 before going on to bigger things? Fidel Castro. Who saw the turtleneck he wore at cease-fire talks in Bosnia fetch $5,000 at auction? Jimmy Carter. What brave-hearted Scottish patriot led soldiers to a defeat of the English at the Battle of Cambuskenneth in 1297? William Wallace. What nation issued the five-dollar bill found in Abraham Lincoln's pocket when he was shot? The Confederate States of America. What Argentinean was buried in a Milan cemetery under the pseudonym Maria Maggi? Eva Peron. What Polish political movement got the support of Pope John Paul II in the 1980s? Solidarity. What war lasted from June 5, 1967 to June 10, 1967? The Six-Day War. Who was the longest-reigning Arab ruler, through 1995? King Hussein of Jordan. What famous Swiss citizen said of nuclear bombs: "If I had known, I would have become a watchmaker"? Albert Einstein. What nation was bounced from the Organization of American States in 1962? Cuba. What's the Islamic Resistance Movement better known as to Palestinians? Hamas. Who was the first president of the National Organization for Women, in 1966? Betty Freidan. Who tooled around Chicago during Prohibition in a car bearing the license plate "EN-1"? Eliot Ness. Who cross-examined the victims in the trial against Long Island Railroad shooter Colin Ferguson? Colin Ferguson. What beating victim's 23-lawyer defense team handed the city of Los Angeles a bill for $4.4 million? Rodney King's. What can Germans publicly deny the existence of to earn five years in prison? The Holocaust. What French explorer was murdered by his crew after he spent two years failing to locate the mouth of the Mississippi? Robert La Salle. Who's believed by many to be buried in Downpatrick under a tombstone marked with the letter "P"? St. Patrick. What controversial crime fighter did Elvis Presley call "the greatest living American"? J. Edgar Hoover. What cavalryman's bonehead moves included leaving four Gatling guns behind, in 1876? George Armstrong Custer's. Who wrote in 1774 that "no thinking man" in America wanted independence from England? George Washington. What country was Adolf Hitler born in? Austria. What Ohio city was the 1995 Bosnian peace accord signed in? Dayton. What Persian Gulf warrior called his young majors in charge of combat operations "Jedi Knights"? Norman Schwarzkopf. What horse-loving future president cheated on an eye exam to join the cavalry reserves in the 1930s? Ronald Reagan. What president opined: "Once you get into this great stream of history you can't get out"? Richard Nixon. What name has been shared by the most popes? John. What leader ruled an area that stretched from the North Sea to central Italy at the onset of the ninth century? Charlemagne. What did Hirohito refer to as a "tragic interlude," during a 1975 U.S. visit? World War II. What nationality was Gavrilo Princip, who set off World War I by assassinating Archduke Ferdinand? Serbian. What 17th century English Lord Protector's severed head was finally buried	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,533	In 1915, which Balkan nation joined W.W.I., on the side of the Central Powers (i.e. Germany), by declaring war on Serbia?	Serbia \| Article about Serbia by The Free Dictionary Serbia \| Article about Serbia by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Serbia Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Acronyms , Wikipedia . Serbia (sûr`bēə), Serbian Srbija (sŭr`bēä), officially Republic of Serbia, republic (1995 est. pop. 10,394,000), 34,116 sq mi (88,361 sq km), W central Balkan Peninsula; formerly the chief constituent republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia , Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija, former country of SE Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula. Belgrade was the capital and by far the largest city. Yugoslavs (i.e. ..... Click the link for more information. and of its short-lived successor, Serbia and Montenegro. It is bounded in the northwest by Croatia, in the north by Hungary, in the northeast by Romania, in the east by Bulgaria, in the south by Macedonia, in the southwest by Kosovo Kosovo , Albanian Kosova, Serbian Kosovo i Metohija and Kosmet, officially Republic of Kosovo, republic (2011 est. pop. 1,826,000), 4,126 sq mi (10,686 sq km), SE Europe, a former province of Serbia that unilaterally declared its independence in 2008. ..... Click the link for more information. (a former Serbian province whose independence is not recognized by Serbia) and in the west by Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Belgrade Belgrade , Serbian Beograd, city (1991 est. pop. 1,168,454), capital of Serbia, and of the former nation of Yugoslavia and its short-lived successor, Serbia and Montenegro, at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers. ..... Click the link for more information. is the capital. Land and People Landlocked and largely mountainous in the west and south, Serbia lies within several mountain systems: the Dinaric Alps in the west, the Kopaonik range in the southwest, and the Balkan Mts. in the east. Much of Serbia slopes generally north toward the Danube and Sava rivers and is drained chiefly by the Drina (which forms part of the western border), Kolubara, Morava, and Timok rivers and their tributaries. The northeast is part of the fertile Danubian plain; it is drained by the Danube, Sava, Tisa (Tisza), and Morava rivers. Politically, the country consists of Serbia proper with the cities of Belgrade, Niš Niš or Nish , city (1991 pop. 175,391), SE Serbia, on the Nišava River. An important railway and industrial center, it has industries that textiles, cigarettes, electronics, and spirits. The Roman Naissus, it was the site of a victory (A.D. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Kragujevac Kragujevac , city (1991 pop. 147,305), S central Serbia. The economic and cultural center of the Sumadija region, Kragujevac's industries include the manufacture of motor vehicles and munitions, vegetable canning, and flour milling. First mentioned in 17th cent. ..... Click the link for more information. and the ethnically mixed Vojvodina Vojvodina or Voivodina , autonomous province (1991 pop. 2,013,889), 8,301 sq mi (21,500 sq km), N Serbia. Novi Sad is the chief city and administrative center. ..... Click the link for more information. province with Subotica Subotica , Ger. Maria Theresiopel or Theresiopel, Hung. Szabadka, city (1991 pop. 100,386), N Serbia, in the Vojvodina region. An important railway junction and an industrial center, it has factories that produce metal goods, fertilizer, furniture, and ..... Click the link for more information. and Novi Sad Novi Sad , Ger. Neusatz, Hung. Újvidék, city (1991 pop. 179,626), N Serbia, on the Danube River. The chief city and administrative center of Vojvodina prov. ..... Click the link for more information. . The Sanjak, or Sandžak, region, which straddles the Serbia-Montenegro border, is home to many Muslims. The population consists primarily of Serbs, with Magyar (Hungarian), Romani (Gypsy), Bosniak, Montenegrin, and other minorities. The Serbs are very closely related to the Montenegrins and closely related to the Croats. but have been marked by different historical experiences. The Serbs also distinguish themselves culturally from the Croats through their membership in the	World War One trigger: Murder of Franz Ferdinand and the gunshots that change history \| WWI \| News \| Daily Express 01:52, Sat, Jun 28, 2014 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was worried about what would happen in Sarajevo[REX] Nineteen-year-old Gavrilo Princip wasn't expecting the royal convoy to pass his vantage point outside a delicatessen in Sarajevo's Franz Josef Strasse. After an unsuccessful bomb attack on the visiting Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie by one of Princip's nationalist comrades less than an hour earlier, the young Bosnian Serb assumed the route would have been changed. He was right about that but nobody had thought to tell the driver. The man at the wheel only realised his mistake when a senior member of the party saw they were going the wrong way and told him to turn the open-topped car around. In doing so he stalled it, giving Princip the chance to shoot the 50-year-old heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne from just five feet away. The Archduke's wife also collapsed and at first it was assumed she had fainted. But she had been shot in the abdomen. That double assassination, during a visit so obviously perilous that the Archduke had tried several times to cancel it, has gone down in history as the incident that triggered the First World War. In as much as Ferdinand is remembered personally, it is as a stolid and unpopular figure with jug ears and an ornate moustache, disliked and distrusted by his uncle, the elderly emperor, and famed for his volcanic temper, meanness with money and immense appetite for hunting (he shot 274,889 animals in his lifetime). The assassination took place three days before his 14th wedding anniversary and the treatment of the wife who died with him symbolised the stuffy out-datedness of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. A new book by royal historians Greg King and Sue Woolmans focuses on the sacrifices Ferdinand made to marry Sophie, who was treated as a pariah by the snobbish and anachronistic Habsburg court simply because she wasn't deemed royal enough. Born in Graz, Austria, in December 1863, Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of Karl Ludwig, younger brother of the Emperor Franz Josef. At the age of 12 he inherited the estates and fortune of the Archduke of Austria-Este, making him hugely wealthy. A greater change came in 1889 when his cousin, Crown Prince Rudolf, shot his mistress and himself in a suicide pact at the imperial hunting lodge at Mayerling in the Vienna woods. That made Ferdinand's father the heir to the throne. Seven years later Karl Ludwig drank polluted water from the River Jordan and died of typhoid, putting Ferdinand directly in line. Distrusting his nephew, the Emperor declined to make him a crown prince. The fiercely traditional Franz Josef's view of his heir was not improved when the Archduke announced his intention to marry a Bohemian aristocrat called Countess Sophie Chotek. Cosmopolitan, intelligent and vivacious, Sophie was related to the Habsburgs as well as to the Hohenzollern dynasty in Prussia and the princes of Liechtenstein. But her father had no inherited wealth and had to rely on his salary as an Austrian diplomat. Sophie went to work as a lady-in-waiting to Princess Isabella, a Habsburg grandee who wanted Ferdinand to marry her own daughter. But when Sophie and Franz Ferdinand met at a ball in Prague in 1894 they fell in love. When the romance was discovered Sophie was unceremoniously sacked. The furious Isabella complained to the Emperor that Ferdinand had made fools of her family and humiliated her daughter simply to carry on a scandalous affair with her lady-in-waiting. FAMILY MAN: Ferdinand with Sophie and children Ernst, Sophie and Max [REX] I can and will never marry anyone else, for it repels me and I am unable to tie myself to another without love, making her and myself unhappy, while my heart belongs and will always belong to the Countess Ferdinand denied any misconduct but revealed he had already asked Sophie to marry him. Franz Josef gave his nephew a week to reconsider, saying: "Love makes people lose all sense of dignity."	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,534	What does ‘Son et Lumiere’ translate to in English?	Espectáculo in English \| Spanish to English Translation espectáculo 1 (Teat) (representación) show; (función) performance sección de espectáculos entertainment guide; entertainments section; el deporte como espectáculo sport presented as show business dar un espectáculo to make a scene espectáculo de luz y sonido sound and light show; son et lumière show espectáculo de variedades variety show 2 (visión asombrosa) spectacle el espectáculo de las cataratas the amazing spectacle o sight of the waterfalls; the spectacular waterfalls; fue un espectáculo bochornoso it was an embarrassing spectacle o sight adjective	The King and I [Original 1951 Cast] - Gertrude Lawrence \| Songs, Reviews, Credits \| AllMusic The King and I [Original 1951 Cast] AllMusic Rating google+ AllMusic Review by William Ruhlmann Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II's fifth musical, The King and I, was their first to be designed as a star vehicle -- written at the behest of British stage star Gertrude Lawrence to mark her return to the New York musical stage after ten years in 1951. The show was a musicalization of Margaret Landon's 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam, in turn based on the diaries of Anna H. Leonowens, who had been tutor to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the 19th century, and it had already been adapted into a nonmusical film in 1946. Rodgers and Hammerstein were somewhat hamstrung by the principal cast members. Neither Lawrence nor Yul Brynner, a television director hired to play the part of the king, had much of a singing voice. The songwriters solved this problem by giving the rangy songs -- "We Kiss in a Shadow," "Something Wonderful," and "I Have Dreamed" -- to the secondary characters: Tuptim (Doretta Morrow), Lady Thiang (Dorothy Sarnoff), and Lun Tha (Larry Douglas), respectively. Brynner, who was billed as only a supporting player at first (though he later achieved star billing), got a patter song, "A Puzzlement." As the star, Lawrence had to have several numbers, but Rodgers and Hammerstein played upon her role as a teacher to give her two simple tunes to be sung to children -- "I Whistle a Happy Tune" and "Getting to Know You" -- as well as a patter song expressing her anger with the king, "Shall I Tell You What I Think of You?" Even "Hello, Young Lovers" and her duet with Brynner, "Shall We Dance?," were pleasant ditties rather than demanding theater songs. And yet, the musical restrictions made for a highly enjoyable, pop-oriented score with slight Oriental touches. "Hello, Young Lovers" and "We Kiss in a Shadow" became minor hits, but the most memorable songs over time ended up being "I Whistle a Happy Tune" and "Getting to Know You," which became children's standards. The original Broadway cast album just missed topping the bestseller charts and remained listed there for over a year. It has remained in print through various reissues over the years. The first CD version appeared in 1990. It was repackaged with new liner notes for Rodgers and Hammerstein's 50th anniversary in 1993, and this version was given a 24-bit remastering for a reissue released on May 16, 2000. Track Listing	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,535	"What ""Commonwealth"" was formed on 1 January 1901, with Lord Hopetoun as Governor-General and Edmund Barton as Prime Minister?"	Edmund Barton \| National Museum of Australia Prime Minister from 1 January 1901 to 24 September 1903 Edmund Barton. Photo: National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an22942278. Edmund Barton became Australia's first Prime Minister on New Year's Day 1901 at a huge public ceremony in Centennial Park in Sydney. Barton was certainly qualified for his new job. He'd been a member of the New South Wales parliament for 20 years, and had served terms as Speaker of its Legislative Assembly, Attorney-General and Leader of the Opposition. Barton had worked on Federation for 10 years, and became Australia's first Prime Minister because the supporters of Federation trusted him. Beginnings Edmund Barton was born in Glebe, New South Wales, on 18 January 1849. He was one of nine children of William Barton and Mary Louise Whydah, English immigrants who arrived in Australia in 1824. William was a secretary and accountant for an agricultural company, and later became a stockbroker. Mary ran a school for girls. Barton attended Fort Street school from 1856 to 1858 and then went to Sydney Grammar. He went on to the University of Sydney, from which he graduated with a BA in 1868 and an MA in 1870. He became a barrister in 1871 and set up a successful legal practice. He joined the Sydney Mechanics Institute to learn the art of debating. He married Jane (Jeanie) Mason Ross in 1877, and they had six children. Barton entered New South Wales colonial politics in 1877, standing unsuccessfully as a candidate for the University seat in the Legislative Assembly, but winning the seat in 1879. He switched to the Wellington seat in 1880, then in 1882 to East Sydney, which he held until 1887. He was an appointed member of the Legislative Council from 1887 to 1891, then regained East Sydney in 1891, held it until 1894 and then lost it again. He became a member of the Legislative Council again from 1897 to 1898, and was then re-elected to the Legislative Assembly for Hastings-Macleay, which he represented from 1897 to 1899. He held various positions while a member of colonial parliament, including Speaker of the Legislative Assembly 1883-87, Attorney-General 1889 and 1891-93, and Leader of the Opposition from 1898 to 1899. Barton attended the Federal Convention in Sydney in March 1891 as a delegate for New South Wales and was a member of the constitution committee. The idea for a convention had sprung from a speech given at Tenterfield, New South Wales, on 24 October 1889 by Henry Parkes, the 'Father of Federation'. Parkes had called for a strong central federal parliament. The premiers' meeting in Melbourne in February 1890 discussed Parkes' proposals, and agreed to call a Federal Convention the following year. At the first Federal Convention in March 1891, 46 delegates from all six Australian colonies and New Zealand met in Sydney and produced a draft Constitution Bill. When Parkes lost government in October 1891 he asked Barton, by now a convinced federalist, to take over the leadership of the federal movement. Barton worked tirelessly to promote Federation through the formation of local branches of the Australasian Federal Leagues. From 1893 to 1897 he addressed 300 meetings in New South Wales. In January 1895 the premiers met in Hobart. They agreed that enabling Acts should be passed in colonial parliaments to allow for popular election of delegates, and for a referendum to approve a draft Constitution. Barton topped the New South Wales poll to elect delegates to the second Federal Convention, gaining 75 per cent of the total votes. When the second Federal Convention began meeting in March 1897, it appointed Barton 'Leader of the Convention', chairman of the constitutional committee and chairman of the drafting sub-committee. Barton and his supporters conducted a vigorous pro-Federation campaign preceding the June 1898 referendum on Federation. The Constitution was accepted by the required majority in South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria, but not in New South Wales. At the New South Wales election in July 1898, dominated by the Federation issue, Barton wo	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,536	In which state would you find the gold depository at Fort Knox?	Currency & Coins: Fort Knox Bullion Depository Currency & Coins: Fort Knox Bullion Depository Page Content A large amount of the United States' gold reserves is stored in the vault of the Fort Knox Bullion Depository, one of the institutions under the supervision of the Director of the United States Mint . The remaining gold reserves are held in the Philadelphia Mint, the Denver Mint , the West Point Bullion Depository and the San Francisco Assay Office, also facilities of the United States Mint . The Depository was completed in December 1936 at a cost of $560,000. It is located approximately 30 miles southwest of Louisville, Kentucky, on a site which was formerly a part of the Fort Knox military reservation. The first gold was moved to the Depository by railroad in January 1937. That series of shipments was completed in June 1937. The two-story basement and attic building is constructed of granite, steel and concrete. Its exterior dimensions measure 105 feet by 121 feet. Its height is 42 feet above ground level. The building's construction was supervised by the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department, now the Public Buildings Administration of the General Services Administration. Upon its completion, the Depository was placed under the jurisdiction of the Director of the United States Mint . Within the building is a two level steel and concrete vault that is divided into compartments. The vault door weighs more than 20 tons. No one person is entrusted with the combination. Various members of the Depository staff must dial separate combinations known only to them. The vault casing is constructed of steel plates, steel I-beams and steel cylinders laced with hoop bands and encased in concrete. The vault roof is of similar construction and is independent of the Depository roof. Between the corridor encircling the vault and the outer wall of the building is space used for offices and storerooms. The outer wall of the Depository is constructed of granite lined with concrete. Construction materials used on the building included 16,500 cubic feet of granite, 4,200 cubic yards of concrete, 750 tons of reinforcing steel and 670 tons of structural steel. Over the marble entrance at the front of the building is the inscription "United States Depository" with the seal of the Department of the Treasury in gold. Offices of the Officer in Charge and the Captain of the Guard open upon the entrance lobby. At the rear of the building is another entrance used for receiving bullion and supplies. At each corner of the structure on the outside, but connected with it, are four guard boxes. Sentry boxes, similar to the guard boxes at the corners of the Depository, are located at the entrance gate. A driveway encircles the building and a steel fence marks the boundaries of the site. The building is equipped with the latest and most modern protective devices. The nearby Army Post provides additional protection. The Depository is equipped with its own emergency power plant, water system and other facilities. In the basement is a pistol range for use by the guards. The gold stored in the Depository is in the form of standard mint bars of almost pure gold or coin gold bars resulting from the melting of gold coins. These bars are about the size of an ordinary building brick, but are somewhat smaller. The approximate dimensions are 7 x 3-5/8 x 1-3/4 inches. The fine gold bars contain approximately 400 troy ounces of gold, worth $16,888.00 (based on the statutory price of $42.22 per ounce). The avoirdupois weight of the bars is about 27-1/2 pounds. They are stored in the vault compartments without wrappings. When the bars are handled, great care is exercised to avoid abrasion of the soft metal. The Depository is headed by an Officer in Charge, who is responsible for ensuring the security of the gold. The guard force is composed of men selected from various Government agencies, or recruited from Civil Service registers. No visitors are permitted at the Depository. This policy was adopted when the Depository was established, and is strictly enf	My Questions - Documents Documents Share My Questions Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html" title="My Questions" target="_blank">My Questions</a></div> size(px) Download My Questions Transcript Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line "Stick a pony in me pocket"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show "A Question Of Sport"? Which "Generation Game" presenter was famous for his catchphrase "Shut That Door"? "No Mean City" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as "La Cosa Nostra"? What was the Titanic’s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series "Just Good Friends"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film "The Karate Kid"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means "empty orchestra"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers David Coleman Larry Grayson Taggart The Royle Family Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) The Simpsons Teddy Bear Alabama Minotaur The Netherlands The Bismark The Mafia Cherbourg Ben Nevis The Net Toy Story 2 Paul Nicholas "The Lion King" The Adder 28 Martin Luther King's York Manager of the Spice Girls Cupid Using chopsticks to do it Jaws (in two James Bond films) Dixon - the others are Santa's reindeer Mercury Diet Coke Karaoke October 31st Hammerstein On 11th February 1990, which fam	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,537	Specific areas of Britain, e.g. the Broads, are designated as ESA's. For what does the S stand?	%PDF-1.1 %�� 2 0 obj << /Length 46883 >> stream BT /F5 1 Tf 28 0 0 28 242.54 769.6 Tm 0 g BX /GS1 gs EX -0.022 Tc 0.026 Tw (Ecology and)Tj -4.08 -1.2 TD -0.023 Tc 0.063 Tw (Environmental Science)Tj /F7 1 Tf 40 0 0 40 137.66 692.8 Tm -0.029 Tc 0.03 Tw [(F)75(ACT SHEET)]TJ ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.48 w 1000 M []0 d 1 i 42.59 799.21 509.72 -121.97 re S 3.96 w 10 M 42.38 797.5 m 552.5 797.5 l S 0.96 w 1000 M 42.83 678.52 509.24 -19.49 re B* BT 14 0 0 14 42.38 666.16 Tm 1 g -0.001 Tc 0.001 Tw [( April 1998)-25835(Number )27(104)]TJ ET 1 J 1 j 0.12 w 10 M 467.18 783.16 m 470.3 783.16 l 473.54 783.04 l 476.66 782.68 l 479.78 782.32 l 485.78 781.12 l 488.66 780.52 l 491.54 779.68 l 494.42 778.72 l 497.06 777.76 l 499.7 776.68 l 504.74 774.28 l 507.14 772.96 l 509.42 771.52 l 511.58 770.08 l 513.62 768.52 l 515.66 766.84 l 517.58 765.16 l 520.94 761.56 l 522.5 759.64 l 525.14 755.8 l 526.22 753.76 l 527.18 751.6 l 528.02 749.56 l 528.74 747.28 l 529.34 745.12 l 529.7 742.84 l 529.94 740.56 l 530.06 738.28 l 529.94 736 l 529.7 733.72 l 529.34 731.44 l 528.74 729.28 l 528.02 727.12 l 527.18 724.96 l 526.22 722.92 l 525.14 720.88 l 523.82 718.84 l 522.5 716.92 l 520.94 715 l 519.26 713.32 l 517.58 711.52 l 515.66 709.84 l 513.62 708.16 l 511.58 706.6 l 509.42 705.04 l 507.14 703.72 l 504.74 702.4 l 502.22 701.08 l 499.7 700 l 494.42 697.84 l 488.66 696.16 l 485.78 695.44 l 482.78 694.84 l 479.78 694.36 l 476.66 693.88 l 473.54 693.64 l 470.3 693.52 l 467.18 693.4 l 463.94 693.52 l 460.7 693.64 l 457.58 693.88 l 454.46 694.36 l 451.46 694.84 l 448.46 695.44 l 445.58 696.16 l 439.82 697.84 l 434.54 700 l 432.02 701.08 l 429.5 702.4 l 427.1 703.72 l 424.82 705.04 l 422.66 706.6 l 420.62 708.16 l 418.58 709.84 l 416.78 711.52 l 413.3 715 l 410.42 718.84 l 409.1 720.88 l 408.02 722.92 l 407.06 724.96 l 406.22 727.12 l 405.5 729.28 l 404.9 731.44 l 404.54 733.72 l 404.3 736 l 404.18 738.28 l 404.3 740.56 l 404.54 742.84 l 404.9 745.12 l 405.5 747.28 l 406.22 749.56 l 407.06 751.6 l 408.02 753.76 l 409.1 755.8 l 410.42 757.72 l 413.3 761.56 l 414.98 763.36 l 416.78 765.16 l 418.58 766.84 l 420.62 768.52 l 422.66 770.08 l 424.82 771.52 l 427.1 772.96 l 429.5 774.28 l 434.54 776.68 l 437.18 777.76 l 439.82 778.72 l 442.7 779.68 l 445.58 780.52 l 448.46 781.12 l 454.46 782.32 l 457.58 782.68 l 460.7 783.04 l 463.94 783.16 l 467.18 783.16 l S 0 g 464.66 700.6 m 469.34 700.6 l 470.18 700.72 l 471.86 700.72 l 472.7 700.84 l 473.42 700.96 l 474.26 700.96 l 475.1 701.08 l 475.82 701.2 l 476.66 701.32 l 477.5 701.44 l 477.86 701.56 l 478.34 701.68 l 478.82 701.68 l 479.18 701.8 l 479.66 701.92 l 480.02 701.92 l 480.74 702.16 l 480.98 702.16 l 481.34 702.28 l 481.46 702.28 l 481.7 702.4 l 482.18 702.4 l 482.42 702.52 l 482.66 702.64 l 483.26 702.64 l 483.5 702.76 l 483.74 702.76 l 484.1 702.88 l 484.34 703 l 484.7 703 l 484.94 703.12 l 485.66 703.36 l 486.14 703.48 l 486.38 703.48 l 487.1 703.84 l 487.7 703.96 l 488.18 704.2 l 489.14 704.44 l 489.62 704.68 l 490.22 704.92 l 490.7 705.04 l 491.9 705.52 l 492.5 705.76 l 493.1 706.12 l 494.9 706.84 l 495.5 707.2 l 496.22 707.56 l 496.34 707.68 l 496.34 707.8 l 496.58 707.92 l 496.94 707.92 l 497.06 708.04 l 497.3 708.16 l 497.3 708.28 l 497.54 708.28 l 497.78 708.4 l 497.9 708.4 l 497.9 708.52 l 498.02 708.52 l 498.14 708.64 l 498.26 708.64 l 498.5 708.88 l 498.62 708.88 l 498.86 709.12 l 499.1 709.12 l 499.34 709.24 l 499.46 709.36 l 499.46 709.48 l 499.58 709.48 l 499.82 709.72 l 499.94 709.72 l 500.06 709.84 l 500.3 709.84 l 500.66 710.2 l 502.94 711.4 l 503.54 711.76 l 504.02 712.12 l 504.62 712.48 l 505.34 712.84 l 506.54 713.56 l 507.02 714.04 l 507.38 714.52 l 507.74 714.76 l 507.98 715 l 508.34 715.24 l 508.58 715.48 l 510.38 717.64 l 510.5 717.76 l 510.62 717.76 l 510.86 718 l 512.9 720.4 l 513.02 720.52 l 513.14 720.52 l 513.14 720.64 l 513.26 720.76 l 513.38 721.12 l 513.62 721.48 l 513.86 721.72 l 514.1 722.08 l 514.46 722.44 l 514.94 723.16 l 515.06 723.52 l 515.3 723.88 l 515.54 724.36 l 515.66 724.72 l 516.02 725.08 l 516.38 725.92 l 516.98 727.24 l 516.98 727.48 l 517.46 728.68 l 517.58	Level 3 - General Knowledge 1000, - Memrise General Knowledge 1000 Ready to learn Ready to review Ignore words Check the boxes below to ignore/unignore words, then click save at the bottom. 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Who wrote the Opera Madam Butterfly India What links - Goa - Kerula - Assam - Bihar George Orwell Eric Arthur Blaire was the real name of which author Shoemaker Names - Baker Cook obvious what did Cordwainer do China Which country do Sinologists study Barbara Stanwyck Rudy Stevens became famous under which name Grenadine Which non alcoholic cordial is made from pomegranates Dancing What is Orchesis - either professional or amateur Art of Horses Taken literally what should you see in a Hippodrome Alexander Dumas Who wrote the Man in the Iron Mask Hocus Pocus Which 1993 Disney film starred Bet Middler as a witch Louis Bleriot Who piloted the first flight across the English channel Dr No What was the first James Bond film Silence of the Lambs What 1991 film won best film Addis Ababa What was the capital of Ethiopia Medicine Aescapalious emblem staff snake Greek Roman god of what Motorcycle Racing Giacomo Agostini - 122 Grand Prix 15 world titles what sport Alaska What is the largest state in the USA Berlin Mexico London Led Deighton trilogy Game Set Match What 3 Capitals Woody Allen Alan Stuart Konigsberg famous as who Amnesty International Which human rights organisation founded 1961 got Nobel 1977 Nelson Mandela Whose autobiography was The long walk to Freedom Tutankamen tomb What was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter Pluto Clyde Tonbaugh discovered what planet in 1930 Jackie Joyner-Kersey Who won the women's heptathlon at Seoul in 1988 Jayne Austin Who ran through the streets naked crying Eureka Johan Sebastian Bach Who composed the Brandeberg concertos .Full name Minnesota twins Who won the World Series in 1987 Your Holiness What is the correct term of address to the Pope Edinburgh In which city was Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 Tchaikovsky Who composed the ballets Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker The Deaf AG Bell opened school in Boston in 1872 for Teachers of what Jack Benny Benjamin Kubelsky 1894 fame as what comedian Jonah In the Old Testament what book comes between Obadiah - Micah Mrs Doubtfire Robin Williams dressed in drag for which 1993 film Bishop Which chess piece could be a member of the church Blitzkrieg Which German word means lightning war used in WW2 Cabbage Broccoli belongs to what family of plants I. Kingdom Brunel Who designed the first Iron ship the Great Britain in 1845 Donald Campbell Whose boat Bluebird was recently raised from Coniston water Buick - Chrysler in 1951 which (of two) car companies introduced power steering Joseph Heller Who wrote Catch 22 (both names) Netherlands Which country set up the world’s first chemistry lab in 1650 Chess World Champs What links the names Botvinik Chrysanthemum What is the national flower of Japan Hit Gong Bombardier Billy Wells was seen on many Rank films - why Bordeaux Where in France do claret wines come from Logarithms What did mathematician John Napier invent in 1614 IBM FORTRAN	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,538	Which part of the body is affected by barotitis?	Barotrauma \| definition of barotrauma by Medical dictionary Barotrauma \| definition of barotrauma by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/barotrauma Related to barotrauma: Sinus barotrauma , volutrauma barotrauma [bar″o-traw´mah] injury caused by pressure differences between the external environment and the inside of a bodily structure. Seen with structures of the ear, in high altitude flyers and others (see barotitis media and barosinusitis ). In the lung it is caused by excessive airway pressures, resulting in extra-alveolar air, as in pneumothorax , pneumomediastinum, or pneumoperitoneum . bar·o·trau·ma (băr'ō-traw'mă), A term previously used to describe injury to the middle ear or paranasal sinuses, resulting from imbalance between ambient pressure and that within the affected cavity. Now mostly used to refer to lung injury due to pressure such as occurs when a patient is on a ventilator and is subjected to high airway pressure (pulmonary barotrauma). [G. baros, weight, + trauma] barotrauma /baro·trau·ma/ (-traw´mah) injury due to pressure, as to structures of the ear, in high-altitude flyers, owing to differences between atmospheric and intratympanic pressures; see barosinusitis and barotitis . barotrauma [ber′ōtrô′mə, -trou′mə] Etymology: Gk, baros + trauma, wound physical injury sustained as a result of exposure to changing air pressure, or rupture of the tympanic membranes, as may occur among scuba divers or caisson workers or anyone near nuclear or atomic blasts. Barotrauma may be iatrogenic as in the case of excessive ventilator pressures leading to lung injury. Compare decompression sickness . barotrauma ENT Middle-ear injury which occurs while flying or scuba diving, caused by major disparities in air pressure between the middle ear and the nasopharynx—which is usually equilibrated by an open eustachian tube. Disequilibrium, disorientation, nausea, vomiting. Sports medicine Tissue injury due to the failure of a gas-filled body space—e.g., lungs, middle ear, sinuses—to equilibrate internal pressure to ambient pressure; because the cavities located within a bone cannot collapse, the space they occupy is filled with oedema in the mucosal membrane or haemorrhage. Barotrauma often results from rapid or extreme changes in external pressure—e.g., explosions. barotrauma Audiology Middle ear injury caused by ↑ air pressure; trauma to the inner ear 2º to atmospheric pressure alteration, which occurs while flying or deep water diving, resulting in ↓ visual and proprioceptive cues due to ↓ vestibular input Clinical Disequilibrium, disorientation, N&V Sports medicine Tissue injury due to the failure of a gas-filled body space–eg, lungs, middle ear, sinuses, to equalize internal pressure to ambient pressure; barotrauma often results from rapid or extreme changes in external pressure–eg, explosions. See Atmospheric inner ear barotruma, Pulmonary barotrauma . bar·o·trau·ma (bar'ō-traw'mă) 1. Injury to the middle ear or paranasal sinuses, resulting from imbalance between ambient pressure and that within the affected cavity. 2. Lung injury that occurs when a patient is on a ventilator and is subjected toexcessive airway pressure (pulmonary barotrauma). [G. baros, weight, + trauma] barotrauma Injury resulting from changes in atmospheric (barometric) pressure as in aircraft flight. Barotrauma mostly affects the ear drums when there is obstruction to the EUSTACHIAN TUBES . The most serious forms of barotrauma result from explosive noise which can literally shake the delicate hair-cell transducers in the middle ear to pieces. barotrauma damage caused by change in pressure around the body (ambient pressure). Divers can be affected painfully by inequality between high ambient pressure at depth and that in closed internal air-containing spaces: the sinuses or the middle ear (aural barotrauma: inward bulging or at worst rupture of the eardrum, if the Eustachian tube is blocked). During surfacing the danger is pulmonary barotrauma: rupture of the lung surface by expanding air, with escape into the pleur	18 Effects of Meningitis on the Body Joint Pain 18 Effects of Meningitis on the Body Meningitis is swelling of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord. There are different types of meningitis, but most are caused by viruses or bacteria. Viral meningitis can make you very sick, but it often doesn’t leave lingering effects. Bacterial meningitis is more serious. It progresses rapidly and can cause permanent damage or even become life-threatening. Quick diagnosis and treatment can help prevent some of the potential long-term side effects. If you have symptoms of meningitis, see your doctor without delay. Anyone can get meningitis, but it’s more common in babies, children, and adolescents. Central Nervous System The central nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Meningitis is an infection that causes the protective membranes of the nervous system to swell. Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord can affect every part of your body. Fever and other symptoms can come on suddenly and progress very quickly, causing devastating effects. Headache can be an early warning sign of meningitis. Residual headaches may be a problem for some time. Inflammation of the brain can cause a wide range of problems, including cognitive issues and seizures. Trouble with memory and concentration may last well after the illness has passed. Children may be left with lingering learning difficulties. Swelling in the brain can also interfere with the senses. It can cause ringing in the ears (tinnitus), partial hearing loss, or deafness. It may cause speech problems. Light sensitivity, eye pain, and loss of vision are possible. Inflammation and fever can cause loss of appetite. Sick stomach, nausea, and vomiting are common. Infants and young children may become fussy, irritable, and difficult to comfort. And excessive sleepiness is a symptom of meningitis, so it may be hard to wake a sleeping child. Untreated, meningitis can lead to coma. Poor coordination, dizziness, and clumsiness may remain for some time after a bout with meningitis. Children may have emotional problems following the illness, including clinginess, moodiness, and sleep disturbances. Diagnostic testing may include brain imaging and spinal fluid analysis (spinal tap). Circulatory System As bacteria multiply in your bloodstream, they may release toxins (septicemia). Septicemia is a life- threatening condition. Bleeding under the skin starts off looking like a mild rash. As blood pressure falls and circulation slows, blood vessels become damaged. The rash spreads and darkens to a deep red or dark purple. The lungs and kidneys may deteriorate, and poor circulation puts the fingers, toes, arms, and legs at risk of amputation. Diagnostic testing may include analyzing the blood for evidence of bacteria. If hospitalized, intravenous fluids, steroids, or antibiotics may be given as part of your treatment. Skin (Integumentary System) With the onset of fever, the skin may look flushed. If septicemia sets in and blood vessels become damaged, you’ll see evidence on the skin. At first, your skin may just look a little blotchy. You might mistake symptoms of septicemia for tiny scratches or a minor rash. The rash can appear anywhere on the body. As the infection worsens, the rash spreads and gets darker, eventually resembling large bruises. In some cases, the rash can cause permanent scarring. The “glass test” can be used to test for meningitis. If you press a drinking glass against a rash, it should fade. If it’s meningitis, you’ll still be able to view the rash clearly through the glass. Keep in mind that the glass test isn’t 100 percent accurate. It’s best to check with your doctor. Skeletal and Muscular Systems Stiff neck and back are common in meningitis. It may become difficult to turn your neck at all. In severe cases, the head, neck, and spine become painfully rigid and arched (opisthotonos). Babies and young children are more likely to experience opisthotonos than older people. A baby with meningitis may produce a high-pitched scream when you try to pick them u	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,539	Pol Pot was overthrown as ruler of what country in 1979?	Pol Pot overthrown - Jan 07, 1979 - HISTORY.com Pol Pot overthrown Publisher A+E Networks On January 7, 1979, Vietnamese troops seize the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh, toppling the brutal regime of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge, organized by Pol Pot in the Cambodian jungle in the 1960s, advocated a radical Communist revolution that would wipe out Western influences in Cambodia and set up a solely agrarian society. In 1970, aided by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops, Khmer Rouge guerrillas began a large-scale insurgency against Cambodian government forces, soon gaining control of nearly a third of the country. By 1973, secret U.S. bombings of Cambodian territory controlled by the Vietnamese Communists forced the Vietnamese out of the country, creating a power vacuum that was soon filled by Pol Pot’s rapidly growing Khmer Rouge movement. In April 1975, the Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh, the Cambodian capital, overthrew the pro-U.S. regime, and established a new government, the Kampuchean People’s Republic. As the new ruler of Cambodia, Pol Pot set about transforming the country into his vision of an agrarian utopia. The cities were evacuated, factories and schools were closed, and currency and private property was abolished. Anyone believed to be an intellectual, such as someone who spoke a foreign language, was immediately killed. Skilled workers were also killed, in addition to anyone caught in possession of eyeglasses, a wristwatch, or any other modern technology. In forced marches punctuated with atrocities from the Khmer Rouge, the millions who failed to escape Cambodia were herded onto rural collective farms. Between 1975 and 1978, an estimated two million Cambodians died by execution, forced labor, and famine. In 1978, Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia, capturing Phnom Penh in early 1979. A moderate Communist government was established, and Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreated back into the jungle. In 1985, Pol Pot officially retired but remained the effective head of the Khmer Rouge, which continued its guerrilla actions against the government in Phnom Penh. In 1997, however, he was put on trial by the organization after an internal power struggle ousted him from his leadership position. Sentenced to life imprisonment by a “people’s tribunal,” which critics derided as a show trial, Pol Pot later declared in an interview, “My conscience is clear.” Much of the international community hoped that his captors would extradite him to stand trial for his crimes against humanity, but he died of apparently natural causes while under house arrest in 1998. Related Videos	"Masterminds" - Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England), December 27, 2014 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. Which actor starred as detective Magnum PI? 2. Which town in Cornwall has become famous for the number of artists who are based there because of its light? 3. Which Manx rider won five stages in the 2010 tour de France? 4. Which comedian created the characters Stavros, Tory Boy and Loadsamoney? 5. Which famous TV chef played football for Glasgow Rangers FC? 6. In the Thunderbirds TV series, which son piloted Thunderbird Two and dressed in yellow? 7. In the TV series Diagnoses Murder, who plays Dr Mark Sloan? 8. Where is the Royal Regatta held each year on the River Thames? 9. Who was the captain of the 2010 European Ryder cup team? 10. Who won 18 this year's Strictly Come Dancing final? 11. What was the name of her partner? 12. What is the capital city of Spain? 13. What is a Samoyed? 14. How many inches make a yard? 15. Which tree grows the tallest? 16. Where is Angel Falls? 17. What was once known as a love apple? 23 18. What is Cher's real name? 19. What was the name of Lou Reed's band? 20. Who invented the lightning conductor? 21. Where in England according to Bram Stoker did Dracula first set ashore? 22. Which TV detective had a secretary called Miss Lemon? 23. In which film does British rock star David Bowie star as a goblin king? 24. How was entertainer Nicolai Poliakoff better known? 25. True or False: the Kingdom of Bahrain is an island nation? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Newspapers Encyclopedia	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,540	"Who described cauliflower as a ""cabbage with a college education""?"	Cauliflower Cauliflower Mark Twain once described cauliflower as "cabbage with a college education." Cauliflower is indeed a member of the cabbage family and has a mild flavor, which tends to make it very compatible with sauces and other strong flavors. Cauliflower can be cooked and then pureed for soup. The florets are also good raw or blanched in salads. When shopping, look for firm, tight heads without bruises or brown spots, with evenly colored ivory or cream florets. A few varieties of cauliflower have a green or purple tinge, which is natural and does not change the taste. If any leaves remain, they should be green and fresh looking. Avoid cauliflower with loosely packed or spreading florets. >	Georgia O'Keeffe paintings, biography, and quotes. of Georgia O'Keeffe Gegorgia O'Keeffe and her paintings One of the first female painters to achieve worldwide acclaim from critics and the general public, Georgia O'Keeffe was an American painter who created innovative impressionist images that challenged perceptions and evolved constantly throughout her career. After studying at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago she attended the Art Students League in New York, studying under William Merritt Chase. Though she impressed the league with her oil painting "Dead Rabbit with Copper Pot," she lacked self-confidence and decided to pursue a career as a commercial artist and later as a teacher and then head of the art department at West Texas A&M University. At that time she became acquainted with a landscape that would become iconic within her work, the Palo Duro Canyon. O'Keeffe did not stop producing charcoal drawings and watercolors during her hiatus, some of which were seen by Alfred Stieglitz, her future husband. Stieglitz was a successful photographer and modern art promoter who owned the 291 Gallery in New York City. He was struck by the sincerity within her work and organized her first solo show in 2017, composed of oil paintings and watercolors completed in Texas. After their marriage, O'Keeffe became part of an inner circle of American modernist painters who frequently showed in Stieglitz's gallery. Her work shifted towards oil paintings which appeared to be magnified natural forms. In 1925, her first large-scale flower painting was exhibited in New York City. Petunia marked the beginning of a period of exploration on the flower theme that would continue throughout her career. By magnifying her subject, she emphasized shape and color and brought attention to the tiny details within the flower. During her life, flower is a subject that Gegorgia O'Keeffe always returns to, as artists have always returned to beloved themes - Vincent van Gogh his Sun Flowers, Paul Cezanne his Apples, and Claude Monet his Water Lilies. O'Keeffe's painting's subjects caught the attention of collectors and critics who responded with alacrity. Their discussion of the O'Keeffe's works were often colored by the popularized tenets of Sigmund Freud , which by the 1920s were widespread in America. In a cultural atmosphere initially titillated and gradually transformed by his theories, art and its critical reception - like many other aspects of modern life - where invariably, and indelibly colored by Freudian consideration. Many claim that the images which Gegorgia O'Keeffe created when painting flowers, was work which was highly sexual, and many went as far as to say it was an erotic art form; but O'Keeffe rejected that theory consistently. In an attempt to move the attention of her critic's away from their Freudian interpretations of her work, she began to paint in a more representational style. In her series on New York, O'Keeffe excelled in painting architectural structures as highly realistic and expertly employed the style of Precisionism within her work. "Radiator Building-Night, New York" from 1927 can also be interpreted as a double portrait of Steiglitz and O'Keeffe. Object portraiture of this kind was popular amongst the Steiglitz circle at the time and greatly influenced by the poetry of Gertrude Stein. In 1929, seeking solitude and an escape from a crowd that perhaps felt artistically and socially oppressive, O'Keeffe traveled to New Mexico and began an inspirational love affair with the visual scenery of the state. For 20 years she spent part of every year working in New Mexico, becoming increasingly interested in the forms of animal skulls and the southwest landscapes. While her popularity continued to grow, O'Keeffe increasingly sought solace in New Mexico. Her painting Ram's Head with Hollyhock encapsulates so much novelty while still maintaining with her classic aesthetic of magnifying and showing the be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,541	Who was the last Roman Catholic king of England?	Roman Christendom: Our last Catholic King: James II and VII Honour all men. Love the brethren. Fear God. Honour Caesar, the Emperor. (1 Pet 2:17) Saturday, 5 April 2008 Our last Catholic King: James II and VII King James II of England, France and Ireland and VII of Scotland, was our last Catholic King. He was pushed off his throne by a treacherous conspiracy of Whigs and other traitors including, it must be added, his money-worshipping chief army commander, Lieutenant General John Churchill, later 1st Duke of Marlborough, who plotted to kidnap James after William of Orange landed with his Dutch army. Churchill, ancestor to Sir Winston, then deserted his King at a crucial point in the defence of the nation. He became the richest man in Europe through his naked treachery and base betrayal of the King to whom he had sworn a solemn oath of loyalty. King James was forced to flee to France and the protection of King Louis XIV. He kept court at St Germain-en-Laye looking for opportunities to regain his throne but his plans were ended at the Battles of the Boyne and Aughrim in Ireland. The gauntlet of old, Catholic England, Scotland and Ireland was later taken up by his son, James Francis Edward and his grandson, Charles Edward ("Bonnie Prince Charlie"). Bonnie Prince Charlie, flanked by Cameron of Lochiel and MacDonald of Clanranald Recent historians have begun to paint a true picture of our last Catholic King and to expose the dishonest picture painted of him by the treacherous but victorious Whig historians whose false portrayal of James has dominated the teaching of English history for so long. The real reason that the treacherous Whigs sought to oust him was his attempt to roll back the penal laws which so grossly oppressed Catholics and Dissenting Protestants. In his Declaration of Indulgence, James granted religious liberty to his subjects showing that he was far ahead of his contemporaries and had a much wider vision than did the bigoted Whigs who wanted to impose Anglicanism on the three kingdoms and forbid non-Anglicans from taking any part in the professions, teaching, medicine, the law or any public life and to persecute those who were not Anglicans, above all Catholics. The Whigs feared even the slightest relaxation of the oppression of Catholics because they were convinced that this might mean that they had to disgorge some of the immense wealth that they had stolen from the Church and the monasteries and which they continued to squeeze out of the poor (as William Cobbett, an Anglican, so devastatingly shows in his History of the Protestant Reformation in England and Ireland). The result was the beginnings of the modern world with a tiny number owning a huge, vast share of the wealth and the vast majority owning only a small part. Here is an extract from James's last letter to his own son: James Francis Edward, son of King James II and father to Bonnie Prince Charlie Instructions left by King James II to his son, 1692 "If it please God to restore me (which I trust in His goodness He will do) I may then hope to settle all things so as may make it easier for you to governne all my Dominions with safty to the Monarchy, and the satisfaction of all the Subjects. No King can be happy without his Subjects be at ease, and the people be secure of enjoying their own without the King be at his ease also, and in a condition to protect them and secure his own right; therefore preserve your prerogative, but disturbe not the Subjects in their property, nor conscience, remember the great precept, Do as you would be done to, for that is the law and the Prophets. Be very carefull that none under you oppresse the people, or torment them with vexations, suits, or projects: Remember a King ought to be a Father of his people, and must have a fatherly tendernesse for them... be content with what is your own. Endeavour to settle Liberty of Conscience by a Law. ...Be never without a considerable body of Catholick troops without which you cannot be safe, then will people thanke you for Liberty of Conscience. Be not persuaded by any to dep	King John \| Britroyals Britroyals Born: December 24, 1166 at Beaumont Palace : Oxford Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine Relation to Elizabeth II: 21st great-grandfather House of: Angevin Ascended to the throne: April 6, 1199 aged 32 years Crowned: May 27, 1199 at Westminster Abbey Married: 1) Isabella of Gloucester, (annulled 1199), (2) Isabella, Daughter of Count of Angouleme Children: Two sons including Henry III, three daughters and several illegitimate children Died: October 18, 1216 at Newark Castle, aged 49 years, 9 months, and 24 days Buried at: Worcester Reigned for: 17 years, 6 months, and 13 days Succeeded by: his son Henry III John was nicknamed Lackland, probably because, as the youngest of Henry II's five sons, it was difficult to find a portion of his father's French possessions for him to inherit. He was acting king from 1189 during his brother Richard the Lion-Heart's absence on the Third Crusade. The legend of Robin Hood dates from this time in which John is portrayed as Bad King John. He was involved in intrigues against his absent brother, but became king in 1199 when Richard was killed in battle in France. Most of his reign was dominated by war with France. Following the peace treaty of Le Goulet there was a brief peace, but fighting resumed again in 1202. John had lost Normandy and almost all the other English possessions in France to Philip II of France by 1204. He spent the next decade trying to regain these without success and was finally defeated by Philip Augustus at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. He was also in conflict with the Church. In 1205 he disputed the pope's choice of Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury, and Pope Innocent III placed England under an interdict, suspending all religious services, including baptisms, marriages, and burials. John retaliated by seizing church revenues, and in 1209 was excommunicated. Eventually, John submitted, accepting the papal nominee, and agreed to hold the kingdom as a fief of the papacy; an annual monetary tribute was paid to the popes for the next 150 years by successive English monarchs. His repressive policies and ruthless taxation to fund the warin France brought him into conflict with his barons which became known as the Barons War. In 1215 rebel baron leaders marched on London where they were welcomed by an increasing band of defectors from John�s royalist supporters. Their demands were drawn up in a document which became the known as the Magna Carta. John sort peace and met them at Runnymede where on 15th June 1215 he agreed to their demands and sealed the Magna Carta. It was a remarkable document which set limits on the powers of the king, laid out the feudal obligations of the barons, confirmed the liberties of the Church, and granted rights to all freemen of the realm and their heirs for ever. It was the first written constitution. Read and view the Magna Carta . His concessions did not buy peace for long and the Barons War continued. The barons sought French aid and Prince Louis of France landed in England supported by attacks from the North by Alexander II of Scotland. John fled and according to legend lost most of his baggage and the crown jewels when crossing the tidal estuaries of the Wash. He became ill with dysentery and died at Newark Castle in October 1216. Quotes: No free man shall be taken or imprisioned .. except by lawful judgement of his peers ..' - Magna Carta, Clause 39, 1215 Timeline for King John	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,542	What is a female outer garment, a cut of meat; and a part of a hovercraft and saddle?	skirt - definition of skirt in English \| Oxford Dictionaries Definition of skirt in English: skirt 1A woman's outer garment fastened around the waist and hanging down around the legs. Example sentences ‘Her flowing skirt was hiked up in back with just a hint of a bustle.’ ‘I normally wear plaid skirts with a plain white blouse.’ ‘She glanced down at her knee-length blue denim skirt and long white sweater, and sighed.’ ‘The tiered A-line skirt will attract your cabana boy's attention without the need for finger snapping.’ ‘I straightened my blue jean skirt, and raised my hand to knock on the door, when it opened.’ ‘I had on a knee-length faded jean skirt with a red halter top.’ ‘After a swim, put on the wrap skirt over your bikini or swim suit, and go for a drink.’ ‘Claire stepped into her short pleated denim skirt that she had altered herself.’ ‘She pulled on her pink leather skirt with a white shirt and rooted around for her shoes.’ ‘She smoothed her plaid skirt, adjusting any wrinkles or valleys that had been created.’ ‘She basically always wore an ankle length khaki skirt and a pale green sweater that always accentuated her hazel eyes.’ ‘Chelsea ended up in a black pleated mini skirt with a tight red shirt that tied around the back.’ ‘I wore a short black leather skirt and a spaghetti strap tank top.’ ‘Madison straightened out her black mini skirt and matching camisole and exited the car.’ ‘Sighing, she straighten out her mini white skirt before turning around.’ ‘Damien felt himself staring, she was wearing a short pleated denim skirt and her bikini.’ ‘At the sound of the girls' skirts rustling, the men gave a start and began expressing their disapproval.’ ‘Jean tries to keep her patience by smoothing her suede leather skirt.’ ‘She was wearing a knee-length dark blue jean skirt with a front slit and a blue backless top.’ ‘As she stepped out of the room, her hoop skirt swishing slightly, she ran into Drew.’ 1.1 The part of a coat or dress that hangs below the waist. Example sentences ‘Amelia wore pretty dresses with full skirts and small waists with short jackets and fanned pumps.’ ‘The lapels of the coat extend beyond the skirt, and halt at my mid-shin.’ ‘Her tunic hung loosely around her as she adjusted her long skirt around her waist.’ ‘The full length skirt of the dress flowed out, brushing the floor.’ ‘The dress had a beautiful A line skirt and a strapless bodice that had dark pink beaded designs on it.’ ‘She grabbed the flint out of the pocket of her trousers and slipped it into the small pocket in the skirt of her dress after giving her sister a hug.’ ‘She was dressed in a style I had only seen in old portraits, a stiff black dress with flaring skirts and a lace-ornamented stomacher.’ ‘It was a sleeveless dress and the skirt was long and flowing.’ ‘Her cerise dress had narrow skirts and large, puffed sleeves.’ ‘When I stand my hands rest on the netted skirt of the gown.’ ‘The bodice hugged my form and the skirt flared to give me enough room to run.’ ‘I pulled the skirt of my dress back down, readjusted the bodice so that it wasn't so twisted.’ ‘It's a blue-grey tulle dress with a sequins-spattered skirt and sheer camisole top.’ ‘I adjusted the skirt of my green gown.’ ‘Amy adjusted Sara's coat over the skirt of her blue dress before turning for the scarf.’ ‘Then there are these gorgeous gorgeous heavenly dresses with their flowing skirts and soft dove grey colors.’ ‘She smoothed out the long skirt of her gown and waited for Thomas to stand.’ 1.2archaic An edge, border, or extreme part. 2informal [mass noun] Women regarded as objects of sexual desire: ‘so, Sandro, off to chase some skirt?’ More example sentences ‘No, he was a skirt chaser of the worse kind.’ ‘He was here, with her this very instant, and he wasn't leaving to go chase some skirt.’ ‘Dad told me you were quite a skirt chaser when you were in high school.’ ‘He was chasing skirt and snorting booze, hoovering up every kind of sin and excess he could lay his gauntlets on.’ 3A surface that conceals or protects the wheels or underside of a vehicle or aircr	gebze 101 Jeopardy Template Which creature was a threat to holiday makers in Jaws? 100 How many legs has a spider got? 100 Who painted the Mona Lisa? 100 In which city is Hollywood? 100 What is Turkish delight Invented by Haci Bekir Effendi at his Istanbul shop in 1777 what is the globally consumed 'lokum' more famously called? 200 what famous rapper appeared in the movie 8 mile? 200 which animal lays the biggest eggs 200 Who wrote Julius Caesar, Macbeth and Hamlet? 200 What's the name of the famous big clock in London? 200 What falling fruit supposedly inspired Isaac Newton to write the laws of gravity? 300 Which Tom played spy Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible? 300 What is the alternative common name for a Black Leopard? 300 What is Hula Hoop One of the most popular toys of all time is a plastic ring with a Hawaiian name. What is it? 300	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,543	The cauliflower was first cultivated on or in the region of what island?	Cauliflower Festival - Margaretville HOME • History • Photos • Recipes • Vendors • Products • Directions • Contact Info HISTORY OF CAULIFLOWER Described by Arab botanists and known to the Romans, the cauliflower originally came from Cyprus, and was introduced to France from Italy in the middle of the 16th century. Today, food writers everywhere are extremely fond of quoting Mark Twain's contention that "a cauliflower is nothing but a cabbage with a college education," but somehow they always neglect to complete that opinion with its beginning: "Training is everything," he wrote (in Puddn' Head Wilson). "A peach was once a bitter almond; a cauliflower is nothing but a cabbage with a college education." Twain could be saying that a cauliflower is just a cabbage that resembles a brain (which, indeed, it does); the absence of many other quotable about this vegetable, however, speak clearly to the cauliflower's humble status in the food world. "Do I dare to eat a cauliflower?" somehow doesn't have the same poetic ring to it that T.S. Eliot's "Do I dare to eat a peach?" does, and one can scarcely imagine children being as entranced by James and the Giant Cauliflower as they are by Ronald Dahl's masterpiece, James and the Giant Peach. It's hard to imagine that this vegetable, now taken somewhat for granted, was once the rage at the court of Louis XIV and served in rich and elegant dishes there as well as in Brittany, where it was cultivated extensively. Menon, a food writer of the 18th century, suggested serving it in a rich sauce made with veal, ham and cream, or as part of a stew of sweetbreads, mushrooms and foie gras. Such decadent and meaty dishes would probably find no place in the diets of many 21st century gourmands, save for the bravest (foodies in particular will think of Tony Bourdain and his love for strange organ meats), but once again the cauliflower is being celebrated, now by the residents of Margaretville-far away from the French court, yes, but no less sophisticated or worldly. INTRODUCTION TO THE CATSKILLS Cauliflower was first cultivated in Margaretville in 1891, when William F. VanBenschoten planted a handful of seeds on his farm on a mountaintop overlooking the village. The vegetable thrived in the region, and when Mr. VanBenschoten's first crop found a ready market in New York City, his neighbors followed suit and planted some, too. While some farms in the area continued to grow cauliflower through the 1990s, the heyday of the industry in the Catskill Mountains ran from the early 1900s through the 1940s. Not only did the industry support farm families and outside laborers, but it also supported railroad workers, truck drivers, crate manufacturers, produce agents and commission houses. So important to the local economy was the industry that the Catskill Mountain News (which was then and still is one of the most important sources of information to residents of the Catskill Mountain Region) treated bad weather, disease outbreaks, crop predictions and cauliflower prices as front page news. Increased competition from agribusiness operations, primarily in Long Island and California, led to a decline in the Catskill Region cauliflower industry by the 1950s. Long-time Margaretville residents, however, never forgot the cauliflower and its importance in the county. A portion of this article has been reprinted courtesy of the Catskill Mountain Regional Guide magazine...	Indian Institute of Spices Research Indian Institute of Spices Research Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. And Perry (Syn. Eugenia caryophyllus) Family : Myrtaceae Description Clove, small, reddish-brown flower bud of the tropical evergreen tree Syzygium aromaticum of the family Myrtaceae, was important in the earliest spice trade and believed in indigenous to the Moluccas or Spice Islands (now Maluka), of Indonesia. The people of the Moluccas used to plant a clove tree to celebrate the birth of a child and would wear a necklace of cloves as a protection from evil spirit and illness. Strong in aroma and hot and pungent in taste, cloves are used to flavour many foods, particularly meats and bakery products; in Europe and the USA the spice is a characteristic flavouring in Christmas holiday fare, such as wassail and mincemeat. The name clove is believed to be derived from the French word clou meaning nail due to the appearance of this spice. As early as 200 BC, envoys from Java to the Han-dynasty court of China brought cloves that were customarily held in the mouth to perfume the breath during audiences with the emperor. During the late Middle ages, cloves were used in Europe to preserve, flavour, and garnish food. Clove cultivation was almost entirely confined to Indonesia, and in the early 17th century the Dutch eradicated cloves on all islands except Amboina and Ternate in order to create scarcity and sustain high prices. In the latter half of the 18th century the French smuggled cloves from the East Indies to Indian Ocean islands and the New World, breaking the Dutch monopoly. Cultivation The clove tree is an evergreen that grows to about 8 to 12 m in height. Its gland-dotted leaves are small, simple and opposite. The trees are usually propagated from seeds that are planted in shaded areas. Flowering begins about the fifth year; a tree may annually yield up to 75 pounds (34 kg) of dried buds. The buds, just before the flowers open, are hand-picked in late summer and again in winter and are then sun-dried. The island of Zanzibar, which is part of Tanzania, is the world's largest producer of cloves. Madagascar and Indonesia are smaller producers. Cloves vary in length from about 1/2 to 3/4 inch (13 to 19 mm). Cloves contain 14 to 20 percent essential oil, the principal component of which is the aromatic oil eugenol (70 - 90%). Cloves are strongly pungent owing to eugenol, which is extracted by distillation to yield oil of cloves. Three essential oils are available from this spice: clove bud oil, clove stem oil and clove leaf oil. Each has different chemical composition and flavour. Clove bud oil, the most expensive and the best quality product, contains eugenol (80 - 90%), eugenol acetate (15%) and beta caryophyllene (5 - 12%). Culinary use Cloves are ingredients in many classic spice mixtures. Whole cloves are frequently used to flavour cooking liquids for simmering fish, poultry, game and meat. They feature in classic sauces and are used in the bakery industry and the processed meats industry as a ground spice. Medicinal and other use The clove oil is used to prepare microscopic slides for viewing and is also a local anesthetic for toothaches. It is a strong antiseptic and preservative. It is used to treat flatulence, colic, indigestion and nausea. Eugenol is used in germicides, perfumes and mouthwashes, in the synthesis of vanillin, and as a sweetener or in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,544	Which sheikhdom is the capital of the United Arab Emirates?	United Arab Emirates's capital - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com United Arab Emirates's capital Definitions of United Arab Emirates's capital 1 n a sheikhdom of eastern Arabia and capital of the United Arab Emirates Synonyms: the capital city of a nation Word Family Usage Examples Sign up, it's free! Whether you're a student, an educator, or a life-long learner, Vocabulary.com can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.	From trucial states to nation state : decolonization and the formation of the United Arab Emirates, 1952-1971 View Item JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it. From trucial states to nation state : decolonization and the formation of the United Arab Emirates, 1952-1971 View/ Show full item record Abstract Harold Wilson, the British Prime Minister, announced in January 1968 that the British government would withdraw from the Persian Gulf by the end of 1971. For Britain, the decision indicated a re-prioritization of British global defense obligations. For the rulers of the Arab emirates of the Persian Gulf, Wilson‘s announcement signaled an end of British military protection, and the beginning of a process of negotiations that culminated in the establishment of the United Arab Emirates on December 3, 1971. An examination of the process by which the individual Persian Gulf states became a sovereign federation presents an opportunity to examine the roles of nationalism and anti-imperialism played in the establishment of the Union. This work demonstrates that Arab rulers in the Persian Gulf strove to establish their new state with close ties to Great Britain, which provided technical, military, and administrative assistance to the emirates, while also publicly embracing the popular ideologies of anti-imperialism and Arab socialism, which dominated the political discourse in the Arab world through most of the twentieth century. viii This dissertation draws on primary source materials from British and American government archives, speeches and government publications from the Arab Emirates, memoirs and a wide variety of secondary sources. These materials provide the basis for understanding the state-building process of the United Arab Emirates in the areas of pre-withdrawal development, the decision to withdraw, the problems of establishing a federal constitution, and the problems posed by the need for security in the post-withdrawal Persian Gulf. Department	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,545	What was the occupation of Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932)?	Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) - The Garden Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) - The Garden 1922-07-02 Manuscript on paper \| RCIN 1171449 Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932) References Description Full leather bound in green calf with gold tooling Gertrude Jekyll was an influential garden designer, known for the painterly quality of her planting. Queen Mary’s Dolls’ House was a gift to Queen Mary from the nation; a showcase for contemporary craft and design, it preserved for history the ideal home of the 1920s, at a scale of one foot to one inch. Princess Marie Louise, Queen Victoria’s granddaughter, conceived the idea, and through her influence many famous artists, designers, authors and craftsmen contributed to the project. The dolls’ house library contains, alongside standard works such as four tiny Bibles, miniature atlases and a complete works of Shakespeare, over 200 diminutive editions of contemporary British literature. Princess Marie Louise personally wrote to the most famous writers of the time to ask for either an original composition or a suitable passage from work already published, transcribed by hand or submitted for professional copying. Though most are manuscript, there are a few printed works. The bindings are mostly morocco leather or vellum, some with beautifully precise gold-tooled decoration. The majority of the volumes were bound by Sangorski & Sutcliffe, with the remaining bound by Birdsall & Son, Hatchards, A. Loosely, R. Riviere & Sons and Zaehnsdorf. Each book contains a tiny bookplate designed by E.H. Shepard, the illustrator of Winnie the Pooh. Provenance Presented to Queen Mary by Gertrude Jekyll, c.1923 People involved	Round 3 Jeopardy Template What is the Ford Mustang? This still-popular muscle car was launched late in 1964, what is it? 100 What is the Syndy Opera House? In 1973, which famous building with a roof resembling sails opened after 16 years of construction? 100 What are young urban professionals? The word “yuppie” was popularized in the 80s; what does it represent? 100 Which figure skater was accused of breaking a competitor’s kneecaps before the 1994 Olympics? 100 What is Denver, Co? What city did Barack Obama formally accept the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election in 2008? 200 What is Mister Ed? Picked up by CBS in 1961, what famous TV show had a vocal equine as its star? 200 Who was Jimi Hendrix? What American singer-songwriter, who is considered by many to be the greatest electric guitarist in music history, died in 1970? 200 What Soviet leader replaced Chernenko in 1985? 200 What food chain uses this slogan: “Think outside the bun”? 200 What is Katrina? In 2005, what hurricane devastated the Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama coastal regions, and flooded approximately 80% of the city of New Orleans? 300 Name the Organization created to fight for important women’s issues? 300 What was the name of NASA's first space shuttle that was unveiled in 1976? 300 Who is Sally Ride? The Space Shuttle Challenger took the first woman into space in 1983, what was her name? 300 What is the Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame? What famous museum opened in 1995 in Cleveland, Ohio? 300 Who is Charles Manson? Wedding plans were announced in 2014 for a 26 year-old Illinois woman and which 80 year-old incarcerated mass murderer? 400 What famous property, purchased in 1965, was once a swamp land in Osceola County, California? 400 What is Three Mile Island? In 1979, a nuclear accident happened at what Pennsylvania power plant? 400 In 1984, which restaurant chain featured this line in their commercial, “Where’s the beef?” 400 Who was the youngest singer to win a Grammy in 1997? 400 What is ALS (Lou Gerhig's Disease)? In 2014, the Ice Water Bucket challenge was established for what charity? 500 Who is Sirhan Sirhan? The 1960s were a decade of high-profile assassinations (President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Robert F. Kennedy and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.) Name the assassin who is still alive. 500 What is In Vitro Fertilization? In 1978, the first test tube baby was born following what procedure? 500 Who was Jim Thorpe? Which Olympic athlete had his gold medals reinstated in the decathlon and the pentathlon, 30 years after his death? 500 What is Yellow Pages? In the 90s, which company used this phrase for their slogan "Let your fingers do the walking"? 500 Who is Psy?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,546	In the human body, bile is secreted by the liver and stored in which organ?	Liver – Anatomy and Function of the Human Liver Sinusoids and Bile Canaliculi Full Liver Description [Continued from above] . . . of growing as quickly as a cancerous tumor to restore its normal size and function. Anatomy of the Liver Gross Anatomy The liver is a roughly triangular organ that extends across the entire abdominal cavity just inferior to the diaphragm. Most of the liver’s mass is located on the right side of the body where it descends inferiorly toward the right kidney . The liver is made of very soft, pinkish-brown tissues encapsulated by a connective tissue capsule. This capsule is further covered and reinforced by the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity, which protects the liver and holds it in place within the abdomen. The peritoneum connects the liver in 4 locations: the coronary ligament, the left and right triangular ligaments, and the falciform ligament. These connections are not true ligaments in the anatomical sense; rather, they are condensed regions of peritoneal membrane that support the liver. The wide coronary ligament connects the central superior portion of the liver to the diaphragm. Located on the lateral borders of the left and right lobes, respectively, the left and right triangular ligaments connect the superior ends of the liver to the diaphragm. The falciform ligament runs inferiorly from the diaphragm across the anterior edge of the liver to its inferior border. At the inferior end of the liver, the falciform ligament forms the round ligament (ligamentum teres) of the liver and connects the liver to the umbilicus. The round ligament is a remnant of the umbilical vein that carries blood into the body during fetal development. The liver consists of 4 distinct lobes – the left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobes. The left and right lobes are the largest lobes and are separated by the falciform ligament. The right lobe is about 5 to 6 times larger than the tapered left lobe. The small caudate lobe extends from the posterior side of the right lobe and wraps around the inferior vena cava. The small quadrate lobe is inferior to the caudate lobe and extends from the posterior side of the right lobe and wraps around the gallbladder. Bile Ducts The tubes that carry bile through the liver and gallbladder are known as bile ducts and form a branched structure known as the biliary tree. Bile produced by liver cells drains into microscopic canals known as bile canaliculi. The countless bile canaliculi join together into many larger bile ducts found throughout the liver. These bile ducts next join to form the larger left and right hepatic ducts , which carry bile from the left and right lobes of the liver. Those two hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct that drains all bile away from the liver. The common hepatic duct finally joins with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct , carrying bile to the duodenum of the small intestine. Most of the bile produced by the liver is pushed back up the cystic duct by peristalsis to arrive in the gallbladder for storage, until it is needed for digestion. Blood Vessels The blood supply of the liver is unique among all organs of the body due to the hepatic portal vein system. Blood traveling to the spleen , stomach , pancreas , gallbladder, and intestines passes through capillaries in these organs and is collected into the hepatic portal vein . The hepatic portal vein then delivers this blood to the tissues of the liver where the contents of the blood are divided up into smaller vessels and processed before being passed on to the rest of the body. Blood leaving the tissues of the liver collects into the hepatic veins that lead to the vena cava and return to the heart . The liver also has its own system of arteries and arterioles that provide oxygenated blood to its tissues just like any other organ. Lobules The internal structure of the liver is made of around 100,000 small hexagonal functional units known as lobules. Each lobule consists of a central vein surrounded by 6 hepatic portal veins and 6 hepatic arteries. These bl	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,547	What is the name given to the bands of white cloth on the neck of some clerical and academic robes	Understanding Vestments in Presbyterian Worship \| First Presbyterian Living Waters for the World http://e2.ma/click/2hu0d/ej74m/iqv30 Understanding Vestments in Presbyterian Worship The Impetus Behind the Conversation At the beginning of the first Community Lenten service last year (2006), as the ecumenical cadre of ministers, having donned their black Geneva gowns, made their way toward the sanctuary, one of the minister-participants said glibly, “Look out! Here comes the Supreme Court!” referencing our liturgical vestments. Everyone laughed. Then everyone forgot about it. Except for me. The image that was burned into my imagination on that night was this: What we wear along this journey of faith and life, especially in worship, matters. As a result, I began an in-depth historical study into liturgical vestments (clothing for ministers) and decided after many months of prayer, counsel, and deliberation with other ministers in our presbytery and beyond, with our Session’s Worship Ministry, and with Wes, that it was time to make a change that more appropriately represented the theological and historical tradition we represent. What follows is a brief summary of that study. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Presbyterians believe firmly that all Christians are given gifts for ministry, and that some are called to exercise certain functions relative to those gifts in the life of the church and its congregations. Some are given gifts to preach, some to teach, some to visit, some to serve, and so on. Some are gifted for the office of deacon, some the office of elder, and some the office of the Ministry of Word and Sacrament. However, it is the function of the office that distinguishes us, not our calling, giftedness, or otherwise. We are all ministers, and some of us practice that ministry inside the life of a local congregation. Those who do (i.e., Ministers, etc.) are not more special than any other child of God. We are all special due to the beautiful truth that God has created, cared for, and called all of us into the ministry of Jesus Christ. The journey of life becomes the process of discerning how to use our gifts for him. For so long, many (though not all) Presbyterian ministers have sought to honor the gravity and honor of Christian ministry via their worship vestments by adopting the Calvinist tradition of wearing the long, black, academic gown called the Geneva Gown for the University of Geneva, where Calvin got the idea. It was thought that the black robe hid distracting clothing brands and lent a reverence to the occasion for worship. At a time when you could determine a person’s profession by what they wore, ministers, academicians, and judges, in their flowing, simple black gowns, became less subversive and quite visible, instead. “There go the learned ones,” some on the streets would say. Such a reputation was anything but what Calvin and other reformers had in mind. Which begged the question, “What did the early church’s pastors wear to indicate their commonality with all the baptized, not just the educated ones?” Biblical/Historical Overview Exodus 28 relates the story of God giving Moses detailed instructions about the vestments to be worn by the priests, often with explanation of their meaning. While Exodus is rich with detailed liturgical instructions for priests, the New Testament has no such worship specifications. Vestments (clerical or ministerial clothing) of Old Testament priesthood were not utilized in early Christian worship. Instead, the common street clothing of the Roman Empire was used - however, rubrics from the time mention that those worn by the leader of a service should be clean and were normally white. (The most primitive vesture of the Christian liturgical year is in the white vestments of Easter.) The early Christians saw their gatherings around the Eucharist as festive moments and sought to dress well, as if for a party. As the Roman Empire declined, the dress of the general populace became shorter and tighter fitting, reflecting the fashions of the Germanic and Gallic tribes that had once been part of the	JCD Dissertation - School of Canon Law School of Canon Law P = Printed Book; M = Microfilm; N = Not published Sequential: 578 Condon, Edward "Heresy by Association: The Canonical Prohibition of Freemasonry in History and in the Current Law" 2014 577 Zielonka, Dariusz J. "The Influence of the Second Vatican Council on the Function of Papal Legates. Comparative Analysis of the 1917 and 1983 Codes of Canon Law and Selected Special Faculties" 2013 576 Farcas, Benone "The Canonical Form of Marriage in Latin Law and in Oriental Law: A Comparative Study with References to the Application of Catholic-Byzantine Law to Selected Pastoral Concerns in Eastern Europe" 2010 575 McEachern O’Brien, Jaclyn "Diplomatic Activity in Service of Papal Teaching: The Promotion of Religious Freedom in Relations with Selected Islamic States During the Pontificate of John Paul II " 2010 574 Beaudet, Christopher J. L. "The Promotion of Doctrine by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Light of Pastor bonus and Canon 754" 2010 573 "The Obligation of Perfect and Perpetual Continence and Married Deacons in the Latin Church" 2010 572 Rosen, Cyprian R. "Fostering the Patrimony of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin: a Study in the Mutual Responsibility of the Order and the Apostolic See" 2009 571 Ayala Partida, Rogelio "Accountability in the Exercise of Diocesan Pastoral Care: The Functioning and Monitoring of Selected Ecclesiastical Offices" 2009 570 Kolondra, Grazyna "Right to Fair Proceedings in the Judicial Penal Process in Light of the Norms on the Ordinary Contentious Trial" 2009 569 Giurgi, Eduard "The Impact of Dolus on the Legal Acts in the 1983 Code of Canon Law" 2009 568 Sheridan, Sean "Ex Corde Ecclesiae: A Canonical Commentary on Catholic Universities “From the Heart of the Church” to Catholic Universities" 2009 567 Condon, Thomas M. "The Sanctifying Function of the Diocesan Bishop Especially in Relationship with Pastors: A Canonical Analysis of Liturgical Developments with Special Reference to the Eucharist" 2009 566 Staab, Jeffrey M. "The Obligation of Clerics to Acknowledge and Foster the Mission of Lay Persons in Selected Institutes of Collaboration" 2008 565 Foster, John J. M. "The Nature and Use of the Recognitio of the Apostolic See with a Consideration of Select " 564 Akpoghiran, Peter O. "The Role and Evaluation of Witness Testimony in Marriage Nullity Trials in the 1983 Code of Canon Law and the 2005 Instruction Dignitas connubii" 2007 563 Skrocki, Michael K. "Historical Roots of the Extraordinary Form of Marriage in the 1990 Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium as Found in the Imperial Legislation of Justinian, Constantine V and Leo VI" (M) 2006 562 Cronkleton, Thomas E. "A Comparative Study of the Juridic Personality of a Roman Catholic Parish in Canon Law and the Laws of the State of Wyoming" (M) 2004 561 "Benedictine Monasticism and the Canonical Obligation of Common Life" (M) 2004 560 "The Spiritual and Juridical Bonds in the Order of Preachers: A Canonical Study" (M) 2004 559 "Developing Criteria of Ecclesiality for Associations of the Faithful" (M) 2002 558 Stuart, George E. "The Meaning of Sacred Status in the 1917 and 1983 Codes of Canon Law" (M) 2001 557 Purcell, Thomas F. "The Training of Members of Religious Institutes for Ordained Ministry According to the Current Law of the Church" (M) 2002 556 "The Right of Defense in Administrative Procedures: A Comparative and Analogical Study" (M) 1999 555 Jenkins, Ronny E. "Recent Rotal Jurisprudence on Simulation “Contra Bonum Sacramenti” by an Implicit Act of the Will; (M)" 1999 554 Horn, Francis J. "The Role of the Lay Brother in the Governance of the Order of Saint Augustine" (M) 1998 553 Jung, Jerome L. "Transactions Which May Worsen the Patrimonial Condition of a Public Juridic Person in the United States: A Study of Canon 1295" (M) 1998 552 Zwifka, David Alan "Regulation of the Rights of Individuals	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,548	The title of TV show Strictly Come Dancing is based upon the name of a previous BBC show and which 1993 Baz Luhrman film?	It’s been compared to Game of Thrones, but the BBC’s new Viking drama The Last Kingdom actually gives an insight into the true story of the birth of England… It is the late ninth century and much of the country has fallen to the Danes – leaving just a single kingdom holding out against the invaders, in the country we know today as England. Enter Uhtred of Bebbanburg, the colourful and full-blooded warrior, son of a Saxon nobleman. As we follow Uhtred’s story, so we follow the story of the birth of a nation. A different game of thrones In the Dark Ages, what we now call England was a series of separate kingdoms, each of which was run by individual kings – and each of which was threatened by the invasion of the Norsemen, those ravaging warlords from the North. Although billed as the ‘next Game of Thrones’, The Last Kingdom is rather less salacious and more realistic in nature. The series offers a down-to-earth account of the history of our little island, with plenty of sword action, shield walls and marauding Vikings on offer. Based on the first book in the popular series of Saxon Stories by Bernard Cornwell (of Sharpe fame), the BBC series captures the spirit of the novels and (albeit with a bit of poetic license) gets under the skin of the Anglo-Saxons’ cultural values and way of life. This is an age of heroism and hall-burning, where valiant warriors fight, drink and feast, and where the end of life for a Viking means taking their seat in the hall of Valhalla – where they pretty much carry on doing the same sort of thing. Saxons vs Danes For our hero Uhtred, played by Alexander Dreymon [above], the battle between the Saxons and the Danes is also something of an internal one. The story begins when he is just ten years old – at which point he is actually called Osbert. After witnessing the murder of his older brother (Uhtred), his father (also Uhtred!) renames the young boy Uhtred in place of his dead brother, thus carrying on the family tradition. (Think of Magnus Magnusson and you get the idea.) Shortly after his brother’s death, his father (played very convincingly by Matthew Macfadyen) meets his own violent end at the hands of the Danes. Young Uhtred is kidnapped from his family stronghold of Bebbanburg (Bamburgh in Northumbria) and becomes a slave to the Danes, and Uhtred’s own uncle usurps his rightful position as Lord of Bebbanburg. However, inspired by the obvious bravery of the boy, the Danish chieftain – with the suitably fierce epithet Ragnar the Fearless – raises Uhtred as his own son, and it is with the Earl Ragnar that Uhtred receives his training as a warrior. Thus Uhtred becomes Uhtred Ragnarson, and to all intents and purposes considers himself a Dane. However, his mixed upbringing leaves him with something of an identity crisis. So it is that when the lively and much-loved Ragnar dies in a revenge hall-burning incident, Uhtred makes the choice to follow Alfred of Wessex and offer his services in protecting the last remaining kingdom of Wessex against the Danes – with the ultimate aim of reclaiming his birthright at Bebbanburg. Alfred’s Great British Bake-off Alfred of Wessex is, of course, Alfred the Great – the king who famously burnt the cakes. Legend has it that when Alfred fled to the Somerset Levels, he was offered shelter by a peasant woman who asked him to keep an eye on some cakes she was cooking. However, with his mind on other things Alfred neglected to do so and the cakes were ruined, leading to a right royal ear-bashing from the peasant. So did Alfred the Great’s British Bake-off really happen? It’s likely that the story is no more than a legend. However, we do know that Alfred was responsible for promoting the education, in English, of all free-born men and that he arranged for many important works to be translated into the English language, thus protecting our early English culture. In The Last Kingdom, it is under King Alfred of Wessex that Uhtred learns to read and write, and we see the beginnings of the birth of a nation in Alfred’s vision of a single, united kingdom. A clash of	Free Flashcards about GK 6 Which horse was involved in the 1913 incident that killed Emily Davison? Anmer What is the meaning of "discursive"? digressing from subject to subject What was the German 'Jugendstil' known as in Britain and the USA? Art Nouveau The artists Odilon Redon and Fernand Khnopff were most closely associated with which artistic movement? Symbolism What nationality was artist Fernand Khnopff? Belgian What is the meaning of 'post hoc, ergo propter hoc'? "After which, therefore because of which" In which year did BBC Radio 2, in the guise of the BBC Light Programme, start broadcasting? 1945 What radio programme used the signature tune "At The Sign Of The Swinging Cymbal" by Bryan Fahey? Pick of The Pops Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was which Roman writer's father-in-law? Tacitus Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was recalled in disgrace by which Emperor? Domitian Which Iron Age tribe had a capital at Emain Macha in Ulster? Ulaid Who had a 1955 Number 1 with "Softly, Softly"? Ruby Murray Who had UK hits with "Be My Love" and "Because You're Mine"? Mario Lanza Who took "Rose Marie" to No 1 spot in the UK IN 1954? Slim Whitman In 1955 Jimmy Young had a No 1 single with "The Man From..." - where? Laramie Which singer was the indirect cause of 1944's Columbus Day Riot? Frank Sinatra In which year did "Rock Around The Clock" hit No 1 in both the UK and the US? 1955 Both "boogie-woogie" and "rock and roll" supposedly got their names from what? Euphemisms for sex Who coined the term "Rhythm and Blues"? Jerry Wexler Which Cleveland DJ is usually credited with coining the term "rock n roll" to apply to the music of that style? Alan Freed Which band were originally called "The Rambling Yodeller And The Sandmen"? Bill Haley & The Comets Who had a 1950s hit with "Be-Bop-A Lula"? Gene Vincent and The Blue Caps Which chemical elements occupy positions 89-103 on the Periodic Table? Actinides What name is given to a 3D co-ordinate system with three planes, x, y, and Z? Cartesian What are the names given to the three sides of a right-angled triangle? Hypotenuse, Base, Altitude If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is sinθ equal to? a/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is cosθ equal to? b/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is tanθ equal to? a/b (or sinθ/cosθ) What is the meaning of sin(squared)θ? sinθsinθ An object that has both magnitude and direction in space Which letters are traditionally used for the three base vectors? i, j, k Who had a 1962 Number 1 with "Wonderful Land"? The Shadows Which artistic group was founded in 1911 by Kandinsky and Marc? Der Blaue Reiter Artist Franz Marc was born in wRhich country? Germany Who painted "Luxe, Calme et Volupte"? Matisse Who is generally held to be the originator of the Suprematist art movement? Malevich The artists Boccioni, Carra and Severeni, all Italians, belonged to which movement? Futurism What was the real name of The Big Bopper, who died in a plane crash along with Buddy Holly? JP Richardson What was the stage name of the singer Rosemary Brown? Dana Which country singer got to No. 1 in the UK with "Coward Of The County"? Kenny Rogers Who composed "The Stars And Stripes Forever"? John Phillip Sousa Who composed the waltz "Tales From The Vienna Woods"? Johann Strauss Robert-Francois Damiens attempted to assassinate (and failed, although he did wound) which king? Louis XV of France When was the Seven Years' War? 1756-63 Whose final work was 1804's "Opus Postumum"? Kant The Pregolya River, which features in Euler's 'Seven Bridges'problem, runs through which city? Kaliningrad Who wrote 1848's "The Principles Of Political Economy"? John Stuart Mill What is defined as "the composite of an organism's observable traits"? Phenotype The Japanese word 'hara',	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,549	Who became chair of Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1989?	Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman - Sep 21, 1989 - HISTORY.com Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman Share this: Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman Author Powell becomes Joint Chiefs’ chairman URL Publisher A+E Networks The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously confirms President George H. Bush’s nomination of Army General Colin Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Powell was the first African American to achieve the United States’ highest military post. Powell was born in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to Jamaican immigrant parents. Joining the U.S. Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security adviser to President Ronald Reagan and in 1989 reached the pinnacle of his profession when he was appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George Bush. As chairman, General Powell’s greatest achievement was planning the swift U.S. victory over Iraq in 1991’s Persian Gulf War. In 1993, he retired as chairman. Two years later, he embarked on a national tour to promote his autobiography, My American Journey, fueling speculation that he was testing the waters for a possible presidential campaign. By the fall of 1995, public enthusiasm over the possibility of his running for president had reached a feverish pitch. Regarded as a moderate Republican, opinion polls showed Powell trailing close behind Republican favorite Bob Dole and favored over Democratic incumbent Bill Clinton. However, in November 1995, he announced that he would not run for president in the next election, citing concerns for his family’s well-being and a lack of passion for the rigors of political life. From 1997, he served as chairman of “America’s Promise–The Alliance for Youth,” a national nonprofit organization dedicated to building the character and competence of young people. In December 2000, Powell was appointed the first African American U.S. secretary of state by President-elect George W. Bush. Unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate, he was sworn in on January 20, 2001 and held that position until January 26, 2005. He was succeeded by Condoleezza Rice. Related Videos	The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Winston Churchill Speech - Iron Curtain Less than a year after the end of World War II, the great wartime leader of Britain, Winston Churchill, delivered this speech in which he first coined the term "iron curtain" to describe the ominous postwar boundary in Europe between self-governing nations of the West and those in Eastern Europe which had recently come under the powerful grip of Soviet Russia. During the war against Hitler, Russian troops had advanced far beyond their own borders into Europe, smashing Nazi Germany from the east while the Americans, British, Canadians and other allies attacked Hitler from the west. After the war, the Russians gave no indication they intended to withdraw and instead began installing puppet governments throughout Eastern Europe. In this speech, Churchill begins by acknowledging America's newfound power in the world, and then offers a blunt assessment of the threat of Communism from Russia. Churchill gave the speech at Westminster College, in Fulton, Missouri, after receiving an honorary degree and was introduced by Missourian, President Harry Truman, who attended the event out of pure admiration for Churchill. Listen to an excerpt I am very glad indeed to come to Westminster College this afternoon, and I am complimented that you should give me a degree from an institution whose reputation has been so solidly established. The name "Westminster" is somehow familiar to me. I seem to have heard of it before. Indeed, it was at Westminster that I received a very large part of my education in politics, dialectic, rhetoric, and one or two other things. In fact we have both been educated at the same, or similar, or, at any rate, kindred establishments. It is also an honor, perhaps almost unique, for a private visitor to be introduced to an academic audience by the President of the United States. Amid his heavy burdens, duties, and responsibilities - unsought but not recoiled from - the President has traveled a thousand miles to dignify and magnify our meeting here today and to give me an opportunity of addressing this kindred nation, as well as my own countrymen across the ocean, and perhaps some other countries too. The President has told you that it is his wish, as I am sure it is yours, that I should have full liberty to give my true and faithful counsel in these anxious and baffling times. I shall certainly avail myself of this freedom, and feel the more right to do so because any private ambitions I may have cherished in my younger days have been satisfied beyond my wildest dreams. Let me, however, make it clear that I have no official mission or status of any kind, and that I speak only for myself. There is nothing here but what you see. I can therefore allow my mind, with the experience of a lifetime, to play over the problems which beset us on the morrow of our absolute victory in arms, and to try to make sure with what strength I have that what has been gained with so much sacrifice and suffering shall be preserved for the future glory and safety of mankind. The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the American Democracy. For with primacy in power is also joined an awe inspiring accountability to the future. If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here now, clear and shining for both our countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the after-time. It is necessary that constancy of mind, persistency of purpose, and the grand simplicity of decision shall rule and guide the conduct of the English-speaking peoples in peace as they did in war. We must, and I believe we shall, prove ourselves equal to this severe requirement. When American military men approach some serious situation they are wont to write at the head of their directive the words "overall strategic co	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,550	"Who wrote ""Badjelly The Witch"", ""A Little Pot Boiler"" and ""Small Dreams Of A Scorpion""?"	Spike Milligan Spike Milligan Ireland ( 1918 - 2002 ) When Spike Milligan died in 2002, he left behind one of the most diverse legacies in British entertainment history -- as well as a legion of devoted fans and admirers. His themes ranged from environmental issues to the war, from nostalgia to depression, and his prolific output covers some of the most evocative events of the twentieth century, in a style both twistedly comic and harrowingly honest.	J.M. Barrie (Author of Peter Pan) edit data Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM (9 May 1860 – 19 June 1937) was a Scottish author and dramatist, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. The child of a family of small-town weavers, he was educated in Scotland. He moved to London, where he developed a career as a novelist and playwright. There he met the Llewelyn Davies boys who inspired him in writing about a baby boy who has magical adventures in Kensington Gardens (included in The Little White Bird), then to write Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, a "fairy play" about this ageless boy and an ordinary girl named Wendy who have adventures in the fantasy setting of Neverland. This play quickly overshadowed his previous work and although he continued to write su Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM (9 May 1860 – 19 June 1937) was a Scottish author and dramatist, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. The child of a family of small-town weavers, he was educated in Scotland. He moved to London, where he developed a career as a novelist and playwright. There he met the Llewelyn Davies boys who inspired him in writing about a baby boy who has magical adventures in Kensington Gardens (included in The Little White Bird), then to write Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, a "fairy play" about this ageless boy and an ordinary girl named Wendy who have adventures in the fantasy setting of Neverland. This play quickly overshadowed his previous work and although he continued to write successfully, it became his best-known work, credited with popularising the name Wendy, which was very uncommon previously. Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents. Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital, which continues to benefit from them. ...more	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,551	The songs People Will Say We're in Love and The Surrey with the Fringe on Top are from which stage show?	The Dramatic Function of Songs in Musical Theater The Dramatic Function of Songs in Musical Theater by Dr. Larry A. Brown Professor of Theater Musical theater has become one of the most popular forms of stage entertainment today. Musicals combine the full spectrum of all the arts: words, singing, dancing, stage spectacle, providing audiences with something for just about every taste. The addition of music to a standard play heightens emotion, reinforces dramatic action, evokes atmosphere and mood in ways that words alone cannot. Musical theater encompasses a wide range, from revues to Broadway musicals to grand opera, depending on how music functions dramatically in the work. In a revue such as ï¿½An Evening with Cole Porterï¿½ or ï¿½Side by Side by Sondheim,ï¿½ popular songs by a composer are performed for their own sake without any dramatic context, whereas in opera the entire drama is conveyed through music. The critical distinction concerns how closely the different elements mesh to form a synthesis of the arts, with all contributing to the development of the dramatic action. In the best musicals, songs do not exist only for their entertainment value, but develop story, mood, theme, communicating drama through music. In 1943 Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma ! established a successful pattern for the integration of music and lyrics in a musical, setting a phenomenal precedent. The standards for the musical were now high, and all who succeeded these creative partners were expected to meet the challenge. Most Broadway musicals since that time have followed the example set by this musical team. Previously lyricists and composers wrote songs, but now they became dramatists, using songs to develop character and advance the plot. Rodgers and Hammerstein abandoned the sure-bet formulas of their day, slapstick comedy and chorus lines of scantily clad females. All elements in the musical now had to have a dramatic function. Oklahoma ! demonstrates several techniques of integration that Rodgers and Hammerstein continued to use throughout their career (Spurrier 148-54). (1) The script, often referred to as ï¿½the book,ï¿½ has priority; all other elements exist only to further the dramatic needs of the book. A good book provides the narrative skeleton for a musical as well as ample opportunities to allow singing and dance to enhance the story. The book for a musical may be based on a play, novel, film, or develop from an original idea. The story for Oklahoma ! came from a play, Green Grow the Lilacs, unmemorable except for its musical transformation. (2) Opening numbers help to establish the mood and setting and to prepare for the themes of the musical. The slow beginning with a lone baritone singing offstage, "There's a bright golden haze on the meadow" set a different tone from the usual opening spectacle of high-kicking chorus girls. Reprising this number near the end of the show also creates a sense of unity for the entire production. (3) The collaborators worked to achieve smooth transitions from script to music. Lyrics begin as a continuation of dialogue, as when Will Parker warns his girl Ado Annie that with him itï¿½s ï¿½All or Nuthinï¿½ï¿½ in their relationship. In this manner songs do not interrupt dramatic dialogue but develop and expand it. (4) Songs should express the deepest thoughts and feelings of the characters at that moment. Lyrics describe specific actions and events within the story and follow the natural speech patterns of the characters in the vernacular of the play. The characters of Oklahoma ! speak and sing as westerners, not opera virtuosos. (5) The style of music relates closely to the specific lyrics, as heard in "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top" with its steady, clip-clop rhythm mimicking the sound of horsesï¿½ hooves. (6) Reprises are often used to show development of character. During ï¿½People will Say Weï¿½re in Loveï¿½ Laurie and Curly caution each other that they should not stand too close or talk too long, or else people will get the wrong idea. Near the end of the show, the repris	Alan Bleasdale - Literature Literature The Agency (London) Ltd Biography Alan Bleasdale, born in Liverpool in 1946, taught at various schools in Lancashire before becoming Resident Playwright at Liverpool Playhouse in 1975, and at the Contact Theatre, Manchester, in 1976. While teaching, he wrote a series of stories, broadcast on BBC Radio Merseyside, about a fictional Liverpool youth, Scully. He then presented the 'Franny Scully Show' from 1974-79 on Radio City Liverpool and wrote a television play, Scully's New Year's Eve, which was broadcast by the BBC in 1978. Two further Scully novels led to a Granada television series in 1984. Alan Bleasdale's Boys from the Blackstuff (1983), dealing with the effects of unemployment in Liverpool, started life as a play, The Black Stuff, broadcast by the BBC in 1980. From this, a five-part series was developed, first broadcast in 1982. GBH, a further popular seven-part serial, broadcast on Channel 4 in 1991, dealt with the takeover of a northern English city by a fascist organisation. In 1994, Alan Bleasdale became producer of a series for Channel 4, 'Alan Bleasdale Presents', giving young writers an opportunity to develop their talents. His other works include stage plays Are you Lonesome Tonight? (1985) and Love Is a Many Splendoured Thing (published in Act One, 1979). In 1986 he also adapted for television The Monocled Mutineer. After an eleven-year absence from television, Bleasdale returned in January 2011 on BBC 2 with a two-part TV film, The Sinking of the Laconia. Bleasdale had been working on the screenplay since 2004, which depicted the events surrounding the World War II ocean liner RMS Laconia and the Laconia incident.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,552	The satirical comedy Airplane! was released in what year?	Airplane! Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb 185 out of 215 people found the following review useful: Arguably one of the funniest films ever made from UK 6 June 2004 "Airplane!" is, was and always shall be the master of spoof movies. It is single-handedly responsible for literally inventing a sub-genre of comedy. It is the ultimate Silly Movie. A satire of the disaster movies of the 1970s, particularly the "Airport" series, nothing makes sense and it doesn't need to. There's no real plot. Just laughs - and plenty of 'em. It was helmed by the ZAZ trio (Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker), whose dedication to making the audience laugh is surprisingly adamant. Recent spoofs may have left a bad aftertaste in your mouth, but it seems to be a universal agreement: "Airplane" is the funniest film of its genre ever made. (Closely followed by "The Naked Gun" - also penned by the ZAZ trio - perhaps.) The plot: Ted Striker (Robert Hays) is a war veteran-turned-cab-driver who decides to chase after his girlfriend, an airline stewardess named Elaine (Julie Hagerty), who has dumped him in order to pursue a new life. Right before her plane takes off, Ted climbs aboard, hitching a ride in order to woo her back into a relationship again. When the aircraft is in midflight, both pilots become very ill after eating their meals. Eventually many passengers begin to show symptoms of a rare disease, apparently transmitted by the food. Onboard, Dr. Rumack (Leslie Nielsen) takes care of the sick passengers as Ted - an ex-fighter pilot from the war - decides to try and land the plane. If he messes up they will all die, and in a particularly funny scene, the pressure becomes so unbearable that he begins to literally sweat gallons in the cockpit. That is essentially all the film is about, but most of its duration is spent cracking jokes. Spoof films are entirely different from other movies because normally we would criticize a film if it considered its plot to be the least important element. Not so here. This is a truly brainless piece of celluloid - a movie that doesn't try to be anything that it isn't. From the opening credits - that cleverly spoof "JAWS" - to the closing we realize that this is an altogether unique film going experience. The movie's biggest laughs come through unexpected flashbacks, such as when Ted remembers where he first met Elaine in a crummy bar ("...it was worse than Detroit..."), and begins to disco-dance a la John Travolta from "Saturday Night Fever" (complete with Bee Gees soundtrack blaring in the background and the famous Travolta pose). Then, later, we are taken back to when Ted was hospitalized after the war, and finds out that he was responsible for the death of six men. "Seven, actually," he is informed, which adds to the pain of the moment for him. Though this movie is very funny, many jokes misfire. If you're not pop culture savvy and you don't remember Mrs. Cleaver from TV's "Leave it to Beaver", the humor is going to go over your head. But unlike many comedies, "Airplane!" offers something unique for each person. I know that as a film lover, I picked up on many movie in-jokes that some people might not recognize. And then there were the gags that I first missed but picked up after a second viewing, or when someone explained them to me, or both. And I'm sure there are many yet that I'm not aware of. It seems that every time I watch it, there's something else to laugh at that I missed previously. "Airplane!" not only was a huge success in 1980 (the year of its release), spinning off a horde of imitators and one sequel - it was also responsible for crowning Leslie Nielsen "The King of Spoof." Prior to "Airplane!" Nielsen had been a veteran of more serious productions, stemming back to playing cowboys on "The Mickey Mouse Club" and other embarrassing attempts at acting. However, Nielsen later claimed that he had always wanted to do a comedy, even when he first started acting seriously with projects such as the classic "Forbidden Planet" (one of the best science-fiction films ever made). He later reunited with the ZAZ trio for	The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons Clockwise from top left: Homer, Marge, Maggie, Santa's Little Helper (dog), Bart, Snowball II (cat) and Lisa. Genre IMDb profile TV.com summary The Simpsons is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Network. It became one of the first hits for the network, and is one of the most successful and critically acclaimed television shows in the history of the medium. The television series is a spin-off of a series of animated shorts originally aired on The Tracey Ullman Show. The series is a satirical parody of the " Middle American" lifestyle epitomized by its title family. It lampoons many aspects of the human condition, as well as American culture, society as a whole and even television itself, being famous for its frequent use of self-referential humor, and meta-references. The Simpsons itself has had an impact on popular culture . Catchphrases have been used in real life and the annoyed grunt d'oh has been accepted into the English dictionary. The show has been cited as an influence on many adult-oriented animated series in the late 1990s, such as King of the Hill, South Park and Family Guy.; and there are countless other kid-oriented animated shows which singular humor that owe The Simpsons a debt of gratitude, such as Ren and Stimpy, Rugrats, Hey Arnold!, SpongeBob SquarePants and others. Although it in recent years has been accused of a decline in quality, it still remains a highly rated show. The Simpsons is the longest-running American sitcom, as well as the longest-running American animated program, to date. Since it debuted on December 17, 1989, the show has aired 385 episodes (see list of episodes) in eighteen seasons. As of March 20, 2006, the show has been renewed through its nineteenth season, which would air in 2007–2008. The eighteenth-season finale will be the 400th episode, and the 20th anniversary of The Simpsons franchise will be celebrated in 2007. A feature-length movie is currently being produced, to be released on July 27, 2007. Origins Groening first conceived of the Simpsons in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. He had been called in to pitch a series of animated shorts, and had intended to pitch his Life in Hell series. When he realized that animating Life in Hell would require him to rescind publication rights for his life's work, Groening decided to go in another direction. He hurriedly sketched out his version of a dysfunctional family. He named the characters after his own family, choosing "Bart" since it is an anagram of "brat." The Simpson family first appeared in animated form as shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, with the first short, "Good Night," airing on April 19, 1987. The family was crudely drawn, because Groening only handed over sketches to the animators, believing that they would clean them up, but instead they just traced over his drawings. In 1989, The Simpsons was adapted into a half-hour series for the Fox network by a team of production companies that included what is now the Klasky Csupo animation house. Due to the fledgling position of the Fox network, Jim Brooks obtained an unusual contractual provision that the network could not interfere by providing show notes. Groening has been quoted as saying that his goal in creating the show was to "offer an alternative to the audience, and show them there's something else out there than the mainstream trash that they are presented as the only thing." The first full length episode shown was " Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire" in place of the intended first episode, " Some Enchanted Evening." The latter had to be reanimated after the creators saw the poor quality of the final animation, and was eventually shown as the final episode of the first season. The Simpsons was one of the first true hit TV series for the Fox network; it was the first Fox show to appear in the top thirty highest-rated shows of the season. The show had several episodes watched by over 20 million people and on occasion over 30 million people. Ullman filed a lawsuit,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,553	The sweet-tasting root of which plant is sometimes known as ‘Spanish’?	A Modern Herbal \| Liquorice [ Top ] ---Description--- The plants are graceful, with light, spreading, pinnate foliage, presenting an almost feathery appearance from a distance. The leaflets (like those of the False Acacia) hang down during the night on each side of the midrib, though they do not meet beneath it. From the axils of the leaves spring racemes or spikes of papilionaceous small pale-blue, violet, yellowish-white or purplish flowers, followed by small pods somewhat resembling a partly-grown peapod in form. In the type species glabra, the pods are smooth, hence the specific name; in others they are hairy or spiny. The underground system, as in so many Leguminosae, is double, the one part consisting of a vertical or tap root, often with several branches penetrating to a depth of 3 or 4 feet, the other of horizontal rhizomes, or stolons, thrown off from the root below the surface of the ground, which attain a length of many feet. These runners are furnished with leafbuds and throw up stems in their second year. The perennial downward-running roots as well as the long horizontal stolons are equally preserved for use. Various indications point to the habit of this plant of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, as do many others of the family. In the species glandulifera (W. and K.) the pods are covered with thick, glandular spines, and the whole plant is pubescent or roughly glandular. The underground portion is not so spreading and produces a carrot-shaped root larger than the Spanish root derived from G. glabra. This species is indigenous to South-east Europe, Syria and Western Asia, and is both wild and cultivated in Russia. Both the Russian and Persian Liquorice of commerce is derived from G. glandulifera, the Russian reaching this country is peeled or unpeeled: its taste although sweet, is accompanied by a more or less perceptible bitterness. It consists chiefly of roots, not runners. Persian Liquorice root, collected in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates, from G. glandulifera, and exported in bales from Bussorah, is usually unpeeled, and is in rather large, coarse pieces, closely resembling the Russian root. Both the Russian and Persian varieties are largely consumed in the United States the root of G. glandulifera is equally official in the United States Pharmacopaeia with that of G. glabra. G. echinata, a native of Hungary, south Russia and Asia Minor, is the official German species. It has short globular heads of flowers and a small, ovoid pod with long spines. Probably a portion of the root from Italy and Sicily is the product of G. echinata, which grows wild in Apulia. The root is also somewhat bitter and there are contradictory statements concerning its quality, due perhaps to its having been confused with G. glandulifera. Asiatic Liquorice is obtained from G. uralensis (Fisch.), found in Turkestan, Mongolia and Siberia, and little inferior to the best Russian Liquorice. G. lepidota (Pursh), American Liquorice, is a species of the north-western United States. The rhizome is said to resemble that of Spanish Liquorice, but is smaller. It is only grown now to a very limited extent in this country, being cultivated on a small scale near Pontefract in Yorkshire, though formerly it was extensively grown at Mitcham in Surrey, also at Godalming, and at Worksop (Notts). The English Extract of Liquorice, made from the fresh home-grown root, sold in the lozenge form and known as Pontefract or Pomfrey cakes, is said to have a more delicate flavour than that imported, and it is considered that the cultivation of English Liquorice might well be extended, Essex and Surrey being suitable districts for its growth. In southern Italy, large quantities of Liquorice root are grown, but it is chiefly converted into Extract, though some of the root is exported. Spain and the south of France furnish quantities of carefully dried Liquorice root. Up to the year 1890, the cultivation of Spanish Liquorice was small or moderate in comparison with the wild collection. Owing, however, to the depletion of the natural supplies of root of goo	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,554	Two of the water signs are Cancer and Scorpio, what is the third?	Water - Article by Astrology.com Water BY ASTROLOGY.COM NOVEMBER 25, 2009 12:08 PM EST Share Share Share The element of Water is associated with the signs Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces, and it also rules the Fourth, Eighth and Twelfth Houses. Watery descriptiions are well suited to this element: fluid, flowing, wavering. These terms can easily apply to an individual's emotions -- the realm where Water most powerfully exerts its influence. Water signs are intuitive and sensitive, and they feel more intensely than the rest. They are emotional and nurturing, and like a river, they run deep. How things feel is what matters to these folks, and they base their actions on sense, rather than on logic or intellect. Water is also about compassion and understanding, since the receptive talents of these individuals are remarkably high. Water sign people can take in the feelings of others, process them, and put forth a plan or solution that will be conscientious to all. Those graced by Water love to take their sense of the world and translate it into the artistic. They desire aesthetic beauty -- and for everyone to be happy as a result of that beauty. Much like still water can become stagnant, however, an inactive Water sign person is not at their best. Water signs feel most fulfilled when they are helping others, and they do so in an enchanting, considerate and even romantic way. The flip side of this dreamy Water world is the tendency of these individuals to brood. Water signs are susceptible to mood swings, and at their worst, they could become self-indulgent, controlling and hostage to a fantasy world. This also brings up the ability of these folks to see things more clearly than others. Call it psychic, if you will. Water Signs are emotional, empathetic, receptive and feel things deeply. Alternately calm like the sea or possessing the force of torrential rain, the emotions brought forth by this element are plentiful, indeed. Sponsored Link	Astrology: Emeril Lagasse, date of birth: 1959/10/15, Horoscope, Astrological Portrait, Dominant Planets, Birth Data, Biography 1st Fire sign - 1st Cardinal sign (spring equinox) - Masculine In analogy with Mars, his ruler, and the 1st House Aries governs the head. His colour is red, his stone is the heliotrope, his day is Tuesday, and his professions are businessman, policeman, sportsman, surgeon... If your sign is Aries or your Ascendant is Aries: you are courageous, frank, enthusiastic, dynamic, fast, bold, expansive, warm, impulsive, adventurous, intrepid, warlike, competitive, but also naive, domineering, self-centred, impatient, rash, thoughtless, blundering, childish, quick-tempered, daring or primitive. Some traditional associations with Aries: Countries: England, France, Germany, Denmark. Cities: Marseille, Florence, Naples, Birmingham, Wroclaw, Leicester, Capua, Verona. Animals: Rams and sheeps. Food: Leeks, hops, onions, shallots, spices. Herbs and aromatics: mustard, capers, Cayenne pepper, chilli peppers. Flowers and plants: thistles, mint, bryonies, honeysuckles. Trees: hawthorns, thorny trees and bushes. Stones, Metals and Salts: diamonds, iron, potassium phosphate. Signs: Taurus 1st Earth sign - 1st Fixed sign - Feminine In analogy with Venus, his ruler, and the 2nd House Taurus governs the neck and the throat. Her colour is green or brown, her stone is the emerald, her day is Friday, her professions are cook, artist, estate agent, banker, singer... If your sign is Taurus or your Ascendant is Taurus: you are faithful, constant, sturdy, patient, tough, persevering, strong, focused, sensual, stable, concrete, realistic, steady, loyal, robust, constructive, tenacious. You need security, but you are also stubborn, rigid, possessive, spiteful, materialistic, fixed or slow. Some traditional associations with Taurus: Countries: Switzerland, Greek islands, Ireland, Cyprus, Iran. Cities: Dublin, Palermo, Parma, Luzern, Mantua, Leipzig, Saint Louis, Ischia, Capri. Animals: bovines. Food: apples, pears, berries, corn and other cereals, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans. Herbs and aromatics: sorrels, spearmint, cloves. Flowers and plants: poppies, roses, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, daisies. Trees: apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses, ash trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: copper, calcium and potassium sulphate, emeralds. Signs: Gemini 1st Air sign - 1st Mutable sign - Masculine In analogy with Mercury, his ruler, and the 3rd House Gemini governs the arms, the lungs and the thorax. His colour is green or silver, his stone is the crystal, his day is Wednesday, his professions are journalist, lawyer, presenter, dancer, salesman, travel agent, teacher... If your sign is Gemini or if your Ascendant is Gemini: you are expressive, lively, adaptable, quick-witted, humorous, sparkling, playful, sociable, clever, curious, whimsical, independent, polyvalent, brainy, flexible, ingenious, imaginative, charming, fanciful but also capricious, scattered, moody, shallow, inquisitive, opportunistic, unconcerned, selfish, fragile, ironical or changeable. Some traditional associations with Gemini: Countries: Belgium, Wales, United-States, Lower Egypt, Sardinia, Armenia. Cities: London, Plymouth, Cardiff, Melbourne, San Francisco, Nuremberg, Bruges, Versailles. Animals: monkeys, butterflies, parrots, budgerigars. Food: dried fruits, chestnuts, ground-level vegetables: peas, broad beans, etc. Herbs and aromatics: aniseed, marjoram, lemon balm, cumin. Flowers and plants: lilies of the valley, lavenders, myrtle, ferns, Venus-hair-ferns, bittersweets. Trees: nut trees such as chestnut trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: agates, mercury, silicas and potashes. Signs: Cancer 1st Water sign - 2nd Cardinal sign (summer solstice) - Feminine In analogy with the Moon, her ruler, and the 4th House Cancer governs the stomach and the breast. Her colour is white or black, her stone is the moonstone, her day is Monday, her professions are catering, the hotel trade, property, antique dealer, archaeologist... If your sign is Cancer	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,555	The architectural term colonnade refers to a series of what features?	Glossary of Landscape Gardening and Architecture Terms Home Page: Stowe Landscape Gardens arcade literally, a series of arches; in gardening, often a straight, tree-lined walkway, the trees forming the arched ceiling. Arcadia a picturesque plateau region in Greece, reputed to be the home of pastoral poetry and commemorated by pastoral poets as an ideal landscape of peace and contentment, peopled by philosopher-shepherds. architrave a term generally used for the molding around a door or window, and specifically used for the lowest level of the entablature , directly above the capital of a column . baluster one of a series of short vertical posts that support a rail and form a balustrade, often forming the roofline of a building as well as the border of a staircase or porch. baroque artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized in sculpture by passion, in architecture by grandeur and the use of curved structures, and in painting by voluptuous figures, huge landscapes, and dramatic subjects. bastion a projecting part of a rampart or other fortification; in landscape gardening, a bastion is a projecting section of the ha-ha . belvedere an architectural structure, such as a gazebo or a roofed open gallery, situated in a landscape so as to command a good view of the surrounding countryside; literally "beautiful view" in Latin. cabinet in gardening, a term that refers to a hedged enclosure at the end of a walk. capital a carved or molded decorative head to a column or pilaster , denoting one of the five architectural orders . capriccio a type of landscape painting that reflects the whim or caprice of the painter in placing particular works of architecture in an unusual setting, such as the Roman Colosseum in a pastoral landscape or St. Paul's Cathedral on the Grand Canal in Venice. cascade a fall of water arranged in a succession of stages, either informally over a rock formation or more formally over a series of steps; a rustic arch often projects above the cascade, especially if the water emerges from a hillside. champain an expanse of open, level countryside. champ�tre term in painting for the pastoral style in which nature seems left untouched by art. clump a cluster, usually of trees, planted for visual effect in a landscape garden in the picturesque style. coffer one of a series of recessed panels in a ceiling, usually done in plaster. colonnade a series of columns set at regular intervals, usually supporting the base of a roof structure. column a cylindrical, upright structural support in architecture, consisting of a base, shaft, and capital ; an engaged column is one half-embedded in the wall behind it. cornice the uppermost level of the entablature ; also the uppermost level of molding on an internal or external wall. dentil simple, projecting, tooth-like molding, representing the ends of roofing or ceiling beams, found on the cornices of buildings. down an undulating, treeless upland plain. entablature the uppermost part of a classical architectural order , a level of decoration situated above the capitals of a colonnade and consisting of the architrave , frieze , and cornice . espalier a series of fruit trees trained on a framework of lines and stakes to form a hedge. exedra an open or colonnaded recess, intended for conversation, often semi-circular, and furnished with seats or a long bench. eyecatcher a structure, often an artificial ruin, built on a distant rise to catch the attention of a viewer and carry his or her eye out of the surrounding garden into the wider countryside. façade any front of a building given architectural treatment. festoon a garland of leaves or ribbons suspended in a loop between two points; festoons are often painted or sculpted, the latter particularly in friezes of the Corinthian order . f�te galante a type of landscape painting made popular by Watteau that depicts outdoor gatherings (f�tes) of men and women, dressed in fashionable contemporary clothes and engaging in dance, flirtation, conversation, or music-making; the setting may involve architectural ruins. flutes rounded	Heritage \| Building Design Building Design Big names back Comyn Ching listing bid 28 April 2016 Jencks and Knight argue Farrell project should be viewed alongside Neues Museum and Venturi Scott Brown’s work 29 March 2016 Rare listing U-turn criticised by conservation specialists No room for sheltered housing in the new look East London 9 February 2016 Gillian Darley says Sainsbury’s proposed Whitechapel development which towers over a grade I listed almshouse is a metaphor for the loss of East London’s traditional urban fabric New row erupts over Johnson's decision to call in Norton Folgate 12 January 2016 Heritage group wants judicial review – but mayor says he acted properly and will make decision next Monday as planned We must act fast to save Peter Foggo's legacy 16 December 2015 The late Arup Associates partner is an important figure for many reasons - not least the example he set of collaborative working, says Rab Bennetts. But modesty in life means his work is in danger of being overlooked just when it is most vulnerable Terry Farrell fights to save 'one of our best' from 'sabotage' 16 November 2015 Architect submits his own building for listing as scaffolding goes up - and attempts to start national po-mo debate You might as well knock down the London Eye as demolish Hyde Park Barracks 28 October 2015 Basil Spence should be celebrated for his efforts to give people access to ‘light, space, greenery’, says James Dunnett Why Hyde Park Barracks deserves to be demolished 27 October 2015 The campaign to save Basil Spence’s lowering landmark ignores the building’s utter failure to engage with its urban context, argues Ike Ijeh 10 July 2015 ‘Just because it’s old, tired and unpopular doesn’t make a good reason to demolish it’ City rejects plans to turn red phone boxes into food kiosks 10 July 2015 Plans to turn a number of Gilbert Scott’s iconic phone boxes into coffee and ice cream kiosks scuppered I'm not convinced by plans for No1 Poultry, says its project architect 12 June 2015 As C20 Society tries to get Stirling’s icon listed, Andrew Pryke, who knows the building intimately, sounds a warning over Buckley Gray Yeoman’s redevelopment plans Riddle over future of ‘vandal’ developer who knocked down pub 7 May 2015 Doubts over whether Carlton Tavern will be rebuilt after CLTX told by Companies House it will be dissolved this summer Gallery: St Peter's Seminary, Cardross 6 May 2015 Let BD take you on a tour of the ruins of Gillespie, Kidd & Coia’s 1966 grade A-listed masterpiece, now due to be rescued by arts charity NVA and Avanti Architects Travels in Niemeyer country 5 May 2015 The work of the legendary Brazilian architect is loved by the people but is increasingly neglected by the authorities, write Nick Johnson and Lucy Wood in the first of an occasional series of dispatches from their motorbike tour of Latin America Cruickshank invokes Churchill in British Land apology 30 April 2015 ‘Nazi Germany was a militarist, racist, murderous dictatorship. British Land is, of course, none of these things’, says TV presenter Barn conversions? Read the advice first 25 March 2015 New advice governing the process of barn conversions comes into force on April 1. Jeremy Lake, historic environment intelligence analyst at Historic England, the new name for English Heritage, explains what architects need to know Top 10 Most Endangered Buildings 8 October 2014 The Victorian Society has named its Top 10 Most Endangered Victorian and Edwardian Buildings in England and Wales, following a national appeal for nominations. The society says all the buildings listed are at real risk of being lost if action is not taken in the immediate future Southbank Centre wins £16m grant for conservation project 29 May 2014 Future of Feilden Clegg Bradley scheme remains uncertain but management ‘still working to fund wider Festival Wing scheme’ David Archer's inspiration: Steinhof church, Vienna 7 March 2014 David Archer finds modernity and tradition meet in Otto Wagner’s creation of a complete artistic environment for the Steinhof church in Vienna The Edi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,556	In the human body, what is produced by the Parotid Gland?	The Salivary Glands : Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology \| December 11, 2013 \| 0 Comments The Salivary Glands Several glands associated with the oral cavity secrete saliva. Saliva: Helps moisten and compact food into a round mass called a bolus Contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starch Dissolves food chemicals so they can be “tasted” Most saliva is produced by major or extrinsic salivary glands that lie outside the oral cavity and empty their secretions into it. Minor or intrinsic salivary glands within the oral cavity alter the output slightly (note: extrinsic glands lie outside of oral cavity, intrinsic glands lie within oral cavity). The major salivary glands are paired and develop from the oral mucosa and stay connected to it by small ducts. The large, triangle shaped parotid gland (par=near, otid=ear) lies anterior to the ear between the skin and masseter muscle. Its main duct opens into the vestibule next to the second upper molar (view the green duct in image above). Facial nerves run through the parotid gland to muscles in the face used for facial expression. For this reason, surgery on this gland is risky and could cause facial paralysis. The submandibular, parotid, and sublingual salivary glands in association with the left side of oral cavity. Mumps, a common disease amongst children, is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by the mumps (myxovirus) virus. The virus spreads from person to person in saliva. If you view t he parotid gland in the image above, you will see why people with mumps complain that hurts to chew. Other symptoms include fever and pain when swallowing acidic food or liquid (pickles, grapefruit). Mumps in adult males carries a 25% risk of infecting the testes, which can lead to sterility. The submandibular gland is about the size of a walnut. Its duct runs underneath the mucosa in the oral cavity floor and opens underneath the tongue at the base of the lingual frenulum. The sublingual gland has a small, almond shape and lies in front of the submandibular gland under the tongue. It has 10-20 ducts which open into the floor of the mouth. The salivary glands are composed of two types of secretory cells, serous and mucous. Serous cells produce a watery secretion containing ions, enzymes, and a small amount of mucin. Mucous cells produce mucus. The submandibular and parotid glands contain a large percentage of serous cells. The sublingual glands contain mostly mucous cells. Composition of Saliva Saliva is mainly water. In fact, it’s 97-99.5% water which makes it hypoosmotic. Its osmolarity depends on the glands that are active and the amount and type of stimulus for salivation. Generally, saliva is a bit acidic (6.75-7.00), but the PH can vary. Its solutes include electrolytes (mainly sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate); the digestive enzymes salivary amylase and lingual lipase; the proteins mucin, IgA, and lysozyme; metabolic wastes (uric acid, urea). When dissolved in water, the glycoprotein mucin forms thick mucus that lubricates the oral cavity and hydrates foodstuffs. Saliva protects against microorganisms because it has: IgA antibodies Lysozyme- a bactericidal enzyme (it inhibits bacterial growth in the mouth and it’s unclear whether or not it may help prevent tooth decay Defensins- defensins function as cytokines and call defensive cells (lymphocytes) into the mouth Control of Salivation The minor salivary glands secrete saliva continuously, keeping the mouth optimally moist. When food enters, the major glands activate and large amounts of saliva pour out. The average human being produces around 1500ml of saliva per day, but it can be a great deal higher if the glands are stimulated properly. For the most part, salivation is controlled by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. When food is ingested, chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the mouth send signals to the salivatory nuclei in the brain stem to the pons and medulla. As a result, parasympathetic nervous system activity increases. Impulses sent by motor fibers in	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,557	What is the capital of Qatar?	Doha \| national capital, Qatar \| Britannica.com national capital, Qatar Sheikh Ḥamad ibn Khalīfah Āl Thānī Doha, Arabic Al-Dawḥah , city, capital of Qatar , located on the east coast of the Qatar Peninsula in the Persian Gulf . More than two-fifths of Qatar’s population lives within the city’s limits. Situated on a shallow bay indented about 3 miles (5 km), Doha has long been a locally important port. Because of offshore coral reefs and shallow waters, it handled only small vessels until the completion of its deepwater port in the 1970s. Visitors from the United States exploring Doha, Qatar. Courtesy of Northwestern University (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Nighttime skyline of Doha, Qatar. Jimmy Baikovicius (CC-BY-2.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) The original quarter of the city, Al-Bidaʿ, Bida in sailor’s parlance, is at the northwest; it was probably founded by members of the Sudan tribe who emigrated from the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi . Long a centre of pirate activity in the Persian Gulf, Doha, then a small village, was destroyed in 1867 in the war between Bahrain (which was aided by Abu Dhabi) and Qatar. In the following year the British government installed Muḥammad ibn Thānī Āl Thānī , sheikh of Doha, as the premier ruler of Qatar. He agreed to abide by the terms of the Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853, and piracy was greatly reduced. In the late 19th century the Ottoman Empire , as suzerain of much of the Arabian Peninsula , sporadically maintained a garrison at Doha. After Qatar became a British protected state in 1916, a British political agency was maintained in the town. In late 1971 Doha became the capital of newly independent Qatar. The Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, designed by I.M. Pei, 2008. © Paul Cowan/Shutterstock.com The Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, designed by I.M. Pei. Larry Johnson (CC-BY-2.0) (A Britannica Publishing Partner) Similar Topics	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,558	What is the name of the python in Rudyard Kipling’s novel ‘The Jungle Book’?	Guide to the Characters in Kipling's The Jungle Book The Jungle Book: A Complete List of Characters written by: Elizabeth Wistrom • edited by: SForsyth • updated: 1/4/2012 The cast of characters from The Jungle Book are detailed in this informative article. Also included with the information about the characters is a brief synopsis for each chapter or story. slide 1 of 9 Written by Rudyard Kipling in 1894, The Jungle Book is actually a collection of stories. For this reason, the cast of characters from The Jungle Book must be divided according to the chapter or story they appear in. A brief synopsis of each chapter and detailed information about the characters is designed to improve comprehension for the reader. slide 2 of 9 Mowgli's Brothers This story depicts a young boy named Mowgli the Frog, who is raised by a pack of wolves after wandering into the den of a wolf family. He learns the ways of the jungle from two mentors - a bear named Baloo and a black panther named Bagheera - until he is eventually expelled from the pack in a power struggle between Akela and Shere Khan at the Council Rock. The Jungle Book characters introduced in this first chapter, or story, will resurface later in subsequent stories. Father Wolf - This is who first encounters the man cub (later called Mowgli) in the jungle. Father Wolf brings the baby into the den, so that Mother Wolf can take a closer look. Mother Wolf - Also referred to as "Raksha" and "The Demon," she immediately bonds with the man cub (Mowgli) and becomes his protector. Tabaqui - The jackal. Also referred to as the "Dish-licker." The narrator explains that they are despised in India because they run around telling tales and acting mischievously but that they are also feared because the jackal has a tendency toward "dewanee" - or madness. Shere Khan - This is the tiger who is hunting the man cub. He has other names in the story, as well: The Big One and Lungri, which means "the Lame One." He is called the Lame One because he was born with one lame foot. Shere Kahn threatens to one day kill Mowgli. Mowgli - Named Mowgli the Frog, this human boy is the main character of the story. He is raised by Mother Wolf, Father Wolf and their wolf pack. Akela - The great gray Lone Wolf is the leader of the Seeone Wolf Pack. Once strong and cunning, Akela has grown older and is therefore deemed weaker. While he initially agreed to include Mowgli in the pack, his authority is eventually challenged. Baloo - The narrator mentions that Baloo is the only animal besides the wolves who is allowed to take part in the pack meetings. This is because this gentle brown bear is responsible for teaching the young wolf cubs the laws and ways of the jungle. Bagheera - This black panther convinces the skeptical wolf pack to accept the man cub into its tribe for the price of a bull. The reader later learns that Bagheera was not born in the wild. Instead, he was born captive, and remained so until one day he realized that he belonged in the jungle, with his animal brothers. The panther explains that this is the reason he paid the price for Mowgli to join the wolf pack instead of being turned over to Shere Kahn - so that Mowgli may once again join the men who are his brothers. Bagheera continues to take a special interest in Mowgli as he grows from a baby to a young boy. slide 3 of 9 Kaa's Hunting This second chapter or story takes a closer look Mowgli's childhood in the jungle - specifically, the lessons he received from Baloo and Bagheera on the ways of the jungle. While many in the cast of characters reappear here, several new ones are added. Bandar-Log - These are the gray apes who populate the jungle. They are also referred to as the Monkey People. Mowgli is taught that the animals of the jungle are forbidden from socializing with the Bandar-log, because of the way the Monkey People behave. Mowgli does not obey this lesson, and eventually the Bandar-log kidnap him because they want his continued attention and the status it gives to their kind. Jungle People - T	Famous Rabbits Rabbits in Myth and Folklore The Lunar Year of the Rabbit The rabbit is one of twelve animals in the Chinese zodiac, celebrated once every tweleve years. Centzon Totochtin In Aztec mythology, the Centzon Totochtin ("four-hundred rabbits") are a group of deities who meet for frequent parties; they are divine rabbits, and the gods of drunkenness. Nanabhozo or Mahnabohzo Nanabozho is a Native American creator figure who takes the shape of a rabbit and is characterized as a trickster. In his rabbit form, he is called Mishaabooz ("Great rabbit" or "Hare") or Chi-waabooz ("Big rabbit"). He was sent to Earth by Gitchi Manitou to teach the Ojibwe. The Rabbit in the Moon A belief found in Asia, MesoAmerica, and other locations, which links the rabbit to the moon, and to lunar goddesses The Easter Bunny Because of the rabbit's symbolic associations with regeneration, the rabbit is (along with the egg) commonly associated with Easter The Jackalope A mythical animal of North American folklore described as a jackrabbit with antelope horns or deer antlers. Rabbits in Literature White Rabbit and the March Hare From Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Brer rabbit A trickster rabbit from Africa, popularized in the Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris Peter Rabbit Peter Rabbit, Benjamin Bunny, the Flopsy Bunnies, the Fierce Bad Rabbit, etc. in the stories of Beatrix Potter Rabbit From A. A. Milne's Winnie the Pooh stories Rabbit Angstrom The central character in John Updike's novel, Rabbit, Run Fiver, Hazel, Bigwig, etc. from Richard Adams' Watership Down The Velveteen Rabbit From the book by Margery Williams in which a well-loved toy learns what it takes to become real. Edward Tulane A china rabbit who is the main character of the book, The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane, by Kate DiCamillo Bunnicula A vampire bunny who sucks the juice from vegetables from the book by Deborah and James Howe Rabbits on Television Bugs Bunny The most famous of the Warner Brothers cartoon characters; he derives from the Brer rabbit stories Crusader Rabbit "Crusader Rabbit" was the first animated series produced specifically for television in 1948. Greg the Bunny An American television sitcom that originally aired in 2002, starring Seth Green and a hand puppet named Greg the Bunny. Rabbits in Film Oswald Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was a cartoon character created by Walt Disney in the 1920s and 1930s. Thumper Bambi's sidekick from the Disney animated film, Bambi Were-Rabbit A werewolf-like character from the animated British film, Curse of the Were-Rabbit, starring Wallace and Grommit, by Nick Park Frank The 7-foot tall apocalyptic rabbit in Donnie Darko Harvey The invisible, six foot, three and a half inch white rabbit from the movie Harvey, starring Jimmy Stewart Jessica Rabbit and Roger Rabbit The lead characters from the animated film, Who Framed Roger Rabbit The Rabbit of Caerbannog A killer rabbit from Monty Python and the Holy Grail: "run away, run away!" Killer rabbits From the 1972 horror film, Night of the Lepus, which depicts a small Arizona town attacked by thousands of mutated, carnivorous killer rabbits. Rabbits in Song The 1967 song written by Grace Slick of Jefferson Airplane about hallucinogenic drugs Rabbits in Advertising and Popular Culture The Playboy Bunny The mascot of Hugh Hefner's adult entertainment empire The Trix Rabbit The mascot for Trix fruit-flavored cereal The Energizer Bunny The mascot for Energizer batteries: they keep going and going and going... The Cadbury Bunny The mascot for Cadbury's Easter chocolates The Nesquick Bunny The mascot for Nesquick's chocolate milk drinks Happy Bunny Happy Bunny is a small, smiling bunny, often varying in color, with an insulting slogan printed at its feet. Happy Bunny was designed by Jim Benton, and is featured in stickers, buttons, greeting cards, posters, and other merchandise. Rabbits in Comics Mr. Bun Susie's stuffed rabbit from Calvin and Hobbes, the comic strip from Bill Watterson that ran from 1985 to 1995 Mr. B and Butterscotch Two house rabbits	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,559	What type of bridge is the Golden Gate Bridge?	Translations Golden Gate Bridge Design In 1921, Joseph B. Strauss hired Charles A. Ellis to head up his staff and soon advanced him to Vice President, Strauss Engineering Corporation, in charge of bridge design and construction supervision. In 1925, Strauss had Ellis arrange for Prof. George F. Swain of Harvard University and Leon Moisseiff who designed New York’s Manhattan Bridge to serve on a Board of Consultants for the project. Both men reviewed Strauss’s original plans for a symmetrical cantilever-suspension hybrid bridge and found them to be practical from an engineering standpoint and capable of being built. In November 1925, Moisseiff expressed concern about the hybrid design and submitted to Strauss his Report on Comparative Design of a Stiffened Suspension Bridge over the Golden Gate Strait at San Francisco, CA, which describes a design contrasting from the cantilever-suspension hybrid bridge design—a suspension span design. The suspension span concept did not immediately become the leading design for the bridge as Strauss continued to campaign for a bridge using his original symmetrical cantilever-suspension hybrid design as late as 1929. On August 15, 1929, the Board appointed prominent engineers Moisseiff, O.H. Ammann, and University of California, Engineering School, Berkeley, CA, Professor Charles Derleth, Jr., to serve as the Advisory Board of Engineers, alongside Chief Engineer Strauss. Strauss also appointed Ellis to work with the Advisory Board of Engineers, serving as its Secretary. The timing of the change from the original Strauss proposal to a suspension bridge design is not precisely known, but it was accomplished sometime between the release of Moisseiff’s November 1925 report and the first meeting of the Advisory Board of Engineers on August 27, 1929. Further, The Golden Gate Bridge, Report of the Chief Engineer, September 1937, by Strauss, provides no details on the transition from his originally proposed symmetrical cantilever-suspension hybrid bridge to the Moisseiff-inspired suspension span design that was eventually built, and simply states, “... In the interval which had elapsed any advantages possessed by the cantilever-suspension type bridge had practically disappeared and on recommendation of the Chief Engineer, the cantilever-suspension type was abandoned in favor of the simple suspension type.” On March 1, 1930, with final design underway and after overseeing test borings at the construction site, Ellis returned to Chicago to work on refining the design and estimates, while continuing to consult with Advisory Board of Engineers members Moisseiff and Ammann. Ellis was responsible for directing the thousands of calculations required, for the computation of stresses, the preparation of stress sheets, as well as the development of the specifications, contracts and proposal forms. He worked tirelessly until December 5, 1931, when Strauss insisted he take a vacation. Three days before his vacation was over, Ellis received a letter from Strauss instructing him to turn all his work over to his assistant Clarahan, and to take an indefinite unpaid vacation. For reasons still not clear today, Strauss fired Ellis. Ellis had lost his place in the history receiving no credit for his critical role in the design of the landmark Bridge. He went on to join the engineering faculty at Purdue University in 1934, from where he retired as Professor Emeritus of the Division of Structural Engineering in 1947. He passed away on August 29, 1949.	Free Flashcards about GK 9 Which science-fiction writer coined the term "cyberspace"? William Gibson What is a male swan known as? Cob What is a female swan known as? Pen Which giant screen film projection system, which gives an enhanced visual impact, has its origins in Montreal's Expo 67? IMAX Which actress was born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, in 1908? Joan Crawford Which military leader poisoned himself in Bithynia in Asia Minor in around 182BCE? Hannibal What is the branch of astronomy that is concerned solely with the moon called? Selenology The mouflon, native to Corsica and Sardinia, is a small, wild form of which animal? Sheep Which religion, founded in 3rdC CE Persia, at its 3rd-7thC height one of the world's biggest, taught an elaborate dualistic cosmology describing the struggle between a good, spiritual world of light, and an evil, material world of darkness? Manichaeism The Loyalty Islands in the Pacific are part of which territory? New Caledonia Which orchestral march by William Walton was first performed at the coronation of King George VI, and was used as the recessional music at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011? Crown Imperial What was the real name of 'Dr Seuss'? Theodore Geisel The sixth labour of Hercules involved defeating what sort of creatures who were destroying the countryside around Lake Stymphalia? Birds The address of which constituent college of the University of London is: Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE? London School of Economics Extending from 500 to 10,000 kilometres above the earth’s surface, what is the uppermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere called – beyond which there is only outer space? Exosphere Which species of cat, with scientific name Acinonyx jubatus, is found in much of Africa, can be known as the hunting leopard, and is unusual among cats in having claws which are not fully retractable? Cheetah At the Academy Awards held in February 2015, Ida became the first film from which nation to win the award for Best Foreign Language Film? Poland What shrub gave its name to the revolution which saw Zine El Abidine Ben Ali overthrown as President of Tunisia in 2011? Jasmine Which musical features numbers including "Gee, Officer Krupke" and "I Feel Pretty"? West Side Story What flower gave its name to the revolution which saw Askar Akayev overthrown as President of Kyrgyzstan in 2005? Tulip What name is given to the Persian language in Afghanistan? Dari How was the Amu Darya river known in Ancient times? Oxus Which mountain range divides the Amu Darya and Indus valleys? Hindu Kush Give a year in the rule of the Achaemenid Empire. 550-330BCE Which large snake-like lake monster said to live in Lake Seljord in Seljord, Telemark, Norway? Selma Which parliament is located in Karasjok, Norway? Sami parliament Which Norwegian figure skater and film star was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies' Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936)? Sonja Henie Johann Koss of Norway won four Winter Olympic golds at what sporting event? Speed skating Who won a total of 29 medals in the Olympics and World Championships in the period between 1991 and 1999, making him the most successful cross-country skier in history? Bjorn Daehlie Which Dutch city is the home of Rabobank? Utrecht The bulk of the Great Pyramids at Giza are constructed in which stone? Limestone Which Theban king reunited Egypt after the First Intermediate Period and started the Middle Kingdom? Mentuhotep II Which group of "foreign princes" ruled a part of Northern Egypt during the latter Middle Kingdom at the Second Intermediate Period, from their capital at Avaris? Hyksos Which Egyptian deity was god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead? Osiris What two-word term indicated the "life-force" in Ancient Egypt that would be reunited with the soul by the process of mummification? Ka Hatshepshut was the widow of which Egyptian king who preceded her as ruler? Tuthmosis II In which century was Tutankhamun's rule of Egypt? F	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,560	The shamrock is the national badge of which country?	The Shamrock The Shamrock The shamrock and Saint Patrick. Although the shamrock is closely associated with Saint Patrick, it is more likely that the shamrock was worn it as a symbol of the cross - the old Tua Cross, presumably and not the modern one - rather than of the Trinity. Shamrock itself is simply immature trefoil, or young clover, and the name is an anglicisation of seamair ï¿½g or "young clover". The myths themselves, though, are much more interesting. The shamrock, it is said, symbolises the Trinity, that is, the Christian idea that there is one God but three Persons in the one God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Before the Christian era it was a sacred plant of the druids of Ireland because it's leaves formed a triad. Famous stories tell of how St. Patrick used the shamrock in his teachings. Preaching in the open air about God and the Trinity, he illustrated the meaning of the Three in One by plucking a shamrock from the grass growing at his feet and showing it to his congregation. Just as the shamrock is one leaf with three parts, so God is one entity with three Persons. The legend of the shamrock is also associated with the banishment of the serpents from Ireland by a tradition that snakes are never seen on shamrock and that it is a remedy against the bites of snakes and scorpions. Because the shamrock was a sacred plant to the druids, and three was a mythical number in Drudic religious practice, Patrick was probably well aware of the significance of the shamrock as a teaching tool. On the subject of green plants, it should be said that the colour of St. Patrick was not actually green, but blue. In the 19th century, however, green came to be used as a symbol of Ireland. Thanks to plentiful rain and mists, the "Emerald Isle" is indeed green all the year 'round, which is probably the inspiration for the national colour. Although many people would presume that the shamrock is also the national emblem of Ireland, this is not so. The national symbol of Ireland is the harp. Three is Ireland's magic number. Numbers played an important part in Celtic symbolism Three was the most sacred and magical number. It multiplies to nine, which is sacred to St. Brigid. Three may have signified totality: past, present and future, sky, earth and underground. Everything good in Ireland comes in threes - the rhythm of Irish storytelling is based on three-fold repetition. This achieves both intensification and exaggeration. " Three accomplishments well regarded in Ireland - a clever verse, music on the harp, the art of shaving faces." On St. Patrick's day, a member of the British Royal Family presents Shamrock to the Irish Guards regiment of the British Army, so integral is the shamrock in the history of the Irish people. The shamrock is a fragile little plant, and doesn't keep long out of its habitat. A fresh sprig in the morning will have dried and withered by noon, and can look a bit limp. Recently a few bright sparks have invented a little lapel sachet in which the shamrock is both grown and worn, and will bloom until the last of Patrick's pot is drunk. The Irish have a few difficulties translating ingenuity into gold over a last few thousand years, but being Green wasn't one of them. HISTORY OF THE SHAMROCK In written English, the first reference to the shamrock dates from 1571, and in written Irish as seamrog, from 1707. As a badge to be worn on the label on the Saint's feastday, it is referred to for the first time as late as 1681, The shamrock was used as an emblem by the Irish volunteers in the era of Gr	history - Did Saint Patrick actually explain the Trinity using a shamrock? - Christianity Stack Exchange Did Saint Patrick actually explain the Trinity using a shamrock? St. Patrick's Bad Analogies (YouTube) So, that in itself is good evidence that St. Patrick wouldn't (or shouldn't) have used the shamrock to teach the Trinity. And Wikipedia provides some evidence that he didn't: The first written mention of the link does not appear until 1681, in the account of Thomas Dineley, an English traveller to Ireland. Dineley writes: The 17th day of March yeerly is St Patricks, an immoveable feast, when ye Irish of all stations and condicions were crosses in their hatts, some of pinns, some of green ribbon, and the vulgar superstitiously wear shamroges, 3 leav'd grass, which they likewise eat (they say) to cause a sweet breath. It goes on: There is nothing in Dineley's account of the legend of St. Patrick using the shamrock to teach the mystery of the Holy Trinity, and this story does not appear in writing anywhere until a 1726 work by the botanist Caleb Threlkeld. Threlkeld identifies the shamrock as White Field Clover (Trifolium pratense album ) and comments rather acerbically on the custom of wearing the shamrock on St. Patrick's Day So, what do we have stronger evidence for? Did St. Patrick actually use the shamrock as an analogy to teach the Trinity? If so, do we know what sort of emphasis or seriousness he placed on the analogy? 2 I didn't do it, I promise I wasn't even born then! – Caleb♦ Jul 19 '13 at 15:39 up vote 8 down vote accepted As far as we know, he did not use this analogy. It does not appear in the extant writings attributed to him, nor in early hagiographies. There are several places in these documents where a shamrock metaphor wouldn't go completely amiss, and yet it doesn't seem to appear anywhere. In the Confession attributed to Patrick, he talks a lot about how he is a simple unlearned person, who has nevertheless managed to convert a large number of people. That might suggest use of easily-understandable metaphors rather than very precise theological statements. On the other hand, there are biographies that say he studied under Saints Germanus of Auxerre and Martin of Tours, received large numbers of books from Pope Celestine I, and so forth, suggesting that he might have understated his level of education. His reported speech is generally quite direct and Biblical - more of a "repent, ye sinners" flavour than any kind of gentle analogy. Given the complete lack of reference until the eighteenth century, it seems more likely that the explanation was associated with him long after he actually lived, than that it was somehow preserved in tradition for the whole time, without appearing in any of the many written sources about this popular saint. I'll now give some examples of shamrocks not appearing. There is a fifth-century poem or hymn attributed to him, called the Lorica of St. Patrick (Luireach Phadraig) or Deer's Cry (Faeth Fiada), which invokes the Trinity but does not use an analogy. The ninth century hagiography known as the Tripartite Life (Bethu Phátraic) recounts an episode where Patrick converts the two daughters of Lóegaire mac Néill , saying in response to their question about what kind of God he worships: St. Patrick, full of the Holy Spirit, responded, "Our God is the God of all, the God of heaven and earth, the God of the seas and rivers, the God of the sun and moon, and all the other planets; the God of the high hills and low valleys; God over heaven, in heaven, and under heaven; and He has a mansion, that is, heaven, and the earth, and the sea, and all things that are in them. He inspireth all things. He quickeneth all things. He enkindleth all things. He giveth light to the sun, and to the moon. He created fountains in the dry land, and placed dry islands in the sea, and stars to minister to the greater lights. He hath a Son, coeternal and coequal with Himself; and the Son is not younger than the Father, nor is the Father older than the Son. And the Holy Ghost b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,561	What is Brad Pitt's real first name?	Brad Pitt - Biography - IMDb Brad Pitt Biography Showing all 177 items Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (2) \| Trade Mark (3) \| Trivia (112) \| Personal Quotes (38) \| Salary (18) Overview (3) 5' 11" (1.8 m) Mini Bio (1) An actor and producer known as much for his versatility as he is for his handsome face, Golden Globe-winner Brad Pitt's most widely recognized role may be Tyler Durden in Fight Club (1999). However, his portrayals of Billy Beane in Moneyball (2011), and Rusty Ryan in the remake of Ocean's Eleven (2001) and its sequels, also loom large in his filmography. Pitt was born William Bradley Pitt on December 18th, 1963, in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and was raised in Springfield, Missouri. He is the son of Jane Etta (Hillhouse), a school counselor, and William Alvin Pitt, a truck company manager. He has a younger brother, Douglas (Doug) Pitt, and a younger sister, Julie Neal Pitt. At Kickapoo High School, Pitt was involved in sports, debating, student government and school musicals. Pitt attended the University of Missouri, where he majored in journalism with a focus on advertising. He occasionally acted in fraternity shows. He left college two credits short of graduating to move to California. Before he became successful at acting, Pitt supported himself by driving strippers in limos, moving refrigerators and dressing as a giant chicken while working for "el Pollo Loco". Pitt's earliest credited roles were in television, starting on the daytime soap opera Another World (1964) before appearing in the recurring role of Randy on the legendary prime time soap opera Dallas (1978). Following a string of guest appearances on various television series through the 1980s, Pitt gained widespread attention with a small part in Thelma & Louise (1991), in which he played a sexy criminal who romanced and conned Geena Davis . This lead to starring roles in badly received films such as Johnny Suede (1991) and Cool World (1992). But Pitt's career hit an upswing with his casting in A River Runs Through It (1992), which cemented his status as an multi-layered actor as opposed to just a pretty face. Pitt's subsequent projects were as quirky and varied in tone as his performances, ranging from his unforgettably comic cameo as stoner roommate Floyd in True Romance (1993) to romantic roles in such visually lavish films as Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles (1994) and Legends of the Fall (1994), to an emotionally tortured detective in the horror-thriller Se7en (1995). His portrayal of frenetic oddball Jeffrey Goines in Twelve Monkeys (1995) won him a Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role. Pitt's portrayal of Achilles in the big-budget period drama Troy (2004) helped establish his appeal as action star and was closely followed by a co-starring role in the stylish spy-versus-spy flick Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005). It was on the set of Mr. & Mrs. Smith that Pitt, who married Jennifer Aniston in a highly publicized ceremony in 2000, met his current partner Angelina Jolie . Pitt left Aniston for Jolie in 2005, a break-up that continues to fuel tabloid stories years after its occurrence. He continues to wildly vary his film choices, appearing in everything from high-concept popcorn flicks such as Megamind (2010) to adventurous critic-bait like Inglourious Basterds (2009) and The Tree of Life (2011). He has received two Best Actor Oscar nominations, for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) and Moneyball (2011). In 2014, he starred in the war film Fury (2014), opposite Shia LaBeouf , Logan Lerman , Jon Bernthal , and Michael Peña . Pitt and Jolie have six children, including two sons and a daughter who were adopted. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Anonymous and JJH Spouse (2) Frequently works with David Fincher Trivia (112) Chosen by Empire magazine as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (#23) (1995). Turned down a role as an astronaut in Apollo 13 (1995) to accept his role in Se7en (1995). Posed for a campus calendar in college. A girl went to Pitt's Hollywood-area home shortly after midnight	[pics] Vivienne & Knox Jolie-Pitt Birthday: Branglina Twins Turn 6 Years Old - Hollywood Life 26 Photos Wow, six years sure flies by fast! Happy 6th birthday to the adorable Branglina twins, Vivienne and Knox Jolie-Pitt! Brad Pitt , 50, and Angelina Jolie , 39, have two huge reasons to celebrate on July 12 — it’s Vivienne and Knox ‘s 6th birthday! Click inside to take a look at pictures from the past six years of their lives. Vivienne & Knox Jolie-Pitt Turn 6 — Happy 6th Birthday Can you believe it? The Branglina twins turned 6 years old on Saturday, July 12! The miracle twins were born in the beautiful city of Nice, France in 2008. Now, they are growing up before our own eyes! However, 2014 was probably the twins biggest year yet. After all, the precious little Vivi made her big screen debut alongside her mommy, Angelina, in the blockbuster film, Maleficent . Vivienne portrayed a very young princess Aurora, and she was perfect for the role! The Jolie-Pitt twins are very special to the couple. They are the second and third biological children for Brad and Angelina, and came just two years after they welcomed their first child together, Shiloh Jolie-Pitt , 8. However, Brangelina love all of their children — adopted and biological — the same. This includes their oldest son, Maddox , 12, Pax , 10, and Zahara , 9. Hopefully we will Vivi and Knox become a big brother and sister sometime soon! Wouldn’t you love for Brad and Angelina to welcome another child together? Vivi & Knox: Fun Facts About The Jolie-Pitt Twins Did you know that Vivienne and Knox’s names pay tribute to members of both Brad and Angelina’s families? For Vivienne, her middle name Marcheline Bertrand is actually her grandmother — Angelina’s mother’s — first name. And for Knox, his first name was the middle name of Brad’s grandfather, Hal Knox Hillhouse. In the past, Angelina has said that out of all of their children, Knox is the most like Brad — personality-wise. She has also shared that Vivienne is the most girly of all three of her daughters, and that she absolutely loves all things pink and princess-y! Happy birthday, Vivi and Knox! Hey, HollywoodLifers — Leave your birthday wishes for little Vivienne and Knox Jolie-Pitt in the comments below! — Lauren Cox	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,562	Who wrote 'The Leatherstocking Stories'?	The Leatherstocking Tales \| novels by Cooper \| Britannica.com The Leatherstocking Tales Alternative Title: “The Leather-Stocking Tales” Related Topics The Pathfinder The Leatherstocking Tales, series of five novels by James Fenimore Cooper , published between 1823 and 1841. The novels constitute a saga of 18th-century life among Indians and white pioneers on the New York State frontier through their portrayal of the adventures of the main character, Natty Bumppo , who takes on various names throughout the series. The books cover his entire adult life, from young manhood to old age, though they were not written or published in chronological order. The individual novels are The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826), The Prairie (1827), The Pathfinder (1840), and The Deerslayer (1841). The Pioneers is both the first and the finest detailed portrait of frontier life in American literature; it is also the first truly original American novel . The main subject of the book is the conflict between two different views of the frontier—that of Natty Bumppo (here called Leather-Stocking), who sees the land as “God’s Wilderness,” and that of another main character who wants to tame and cultivate the land. The Last of the Mohicans takes the reader back to the French and Indian War . This work was succeeded by The Prairie, in which the very old and philosophical Leather-Stocking dies, facing the westering sun he has so long followed. Identified from the start with the vanishing wilderness and its native inhabitants, Leather-Stocking becomes an unalterably elegiac figure. Cooper intended to bury Leather-Stocking with The Prairie, but many years later he resuscitated the character and portrayed his early maturity in The Pathfinder and his youth in The Deerslayer. While all of The Leatherstocking Tales have been criticized as artless, some critics see The Deerslayer as the best of the five novels. Mark Twain mocked it (and The Pathfinder) in “Fenimore Cooper’s Literary Offences.” Learn More in these related articles:	Chapter 2: Animal Language \| The Story of Doctor Dolittle \| Hugh Lofting \| Lit2Go ETC The Story of Doctor Dolittle Source: Lofting, H. (1920). The Story of Doctor Dolittle . New York, NY: Frederick A. Stokes Readability: Chicago Lofting, H. (1920). Chapter 2: Animal Language. The Story of Doctor Dolittle (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/221/the-story-of-doctor-dolittle/5616/chapter-2-animal-language/ Lofting, Hugh. "Chapter 2: Animal Language." The Story of Doctor Dolittle. Lit2Go Edition. 1920. Web. <http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/221/the-story-of-doctor-dolittle/5616/chapter-2-animal-language/>. January 19, 2017. Hugh Lofting, "Chapter 2: Animal Language," The Story of Doctor Dolittle, Lit2Go Edition, (1920), accessed January 19, 2017, http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/221/the-story-of-doctor-dolittle/5616/chapter-2-animal-language/. Next The embedded audio player requires a modern internet browser. You should visit Browse Happy and update your internet browser today! It happened one day that the Doctor was sitting in his kitchen talking with the Cat's–meat–Man who had come to see him with a stomach–ache. "Why don't you give up being a people's doctor, and be an animal–doctor?" asked the Cat's–meat–Man. The parrot, Polynesia, was sitting in the window looking out at the rain and singing a sailor–song to herself. She stopped singing and started to listen. "You see, Doctor," the Cat's–meat–Man went on, "you know all about animals—much more than what these here vets do. That book you wrote—about cats, why, it's wonderful! I can't read or write myself—or maybe I'D write some books. But my wife, Theodosia, she's a scholar, she is. And she read your book to me. Well, it's wonderful—that's all can be said—wonderful. You might have been a cat yourself. You know the way they think. And listen: you can make a lot of money doctoring animals. Do you know that? You see, I'd send all the old women who had sick cats or dogs to you. And if they didn't get sick fast enough, I could put something in the meat I sell 'em to make 'em sick, see?" "Oh, no," said the Doctor quickly. "You mustn't do that. That wouldn't be right." "Oh, I didn't mean real sick," answered the Cat's–meat–Man. "Just a little something to make them droopy–like was what I had reference to. But as you say, maybe it ain't quite fair on the animals. But they'll get sick anyway, because the old women always give 'em too much to eat. And look, all the farmers 'round about who had lame horses and weak lambs—they'd come. Be an animal–doctor." When the Cat's–meat–Man had gone the parrot flew off the window on to the Doctor's table and said, "That man's got sense. That's what you ought to do. Be an animal–doctor. Give the silly people up—if they haven't brains enough to see you're the best doctor in the world. Take care of animals instead—THEY'll soon find it out. Be an animal–doctor." "Oh, there are plenty of animal–doctors," said John Dolittle, putting the flower–pots outside on the window–sill to get the rain. "Yes, there ARE plenty," said Polynesia. "But none of them are any good at all. Now listen, Doctor, and I'll tell you something. Did you know that animals can talk?" "I knew that parrots can talk," said the Doctor. "Oh, we parrots can talk in two languages—people's language and bird–language," said Polynesia proudly. "If I say, 'Polly wants a cracker,' you understand me. But hear this: Ka–ka oi–ee, fee–fee?" "Good Gracious!" cried the Doctor. "What does that mean?" "That means, 'Is the porridge hot yet?'—in bird–language." "My! You don't say so!" said the Doctor. "You never talked that way to me before." "What would have been the good?" said Polynesia, dusting some cracker–crumbs off her left wing. "You wouldn't have understood me if I had." "Tell me some more," said the Doctor, all excited; and he rushed over to the dresser–drawer and came back with the butcher's book and a pencil. "Now don't go too fast—and I'll write it down. This is interesting—very interesting—something quite new. Give me the Birds' A.B.C. first—slowly now." So tha	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,563	In the UK, other than white, what colour is shown on a 5-amp use?	Colour - definition of colour by The Free Dictionary Colour - definition of colour by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/colour n 1. (General Physics) a. an attribute of things that results from the light they reflect, transmit, or emit in so far as this light causes a visual sensation that depends on its wavelengths b. the aspect of visual perception by which an observer recognizes this attribute c. the quality of the light producing this aspect of visual perception d. (as modifier): colour vision. 2. (General Physics) a. a colour, such as red or green, that possesses hue, as opposed to achromatic colours such as white or black b. (as modifier): a colour television; a colour film. Compare black-and-white 2 3. (Dyeing) a substance, such as a dye, pigment, or paint, that imparts colour to something 4. (Anthropology & Ethnology) a. the skin complexion of a person, esp as determined by race b. (as modifier): colour prejudice; colour problem. 5. (Art Terms) the use of all the hues in painting as distinct from composition, form, and light and shade 6. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) the quantity and quality of ink used in a printing process 7. (Music, other) the distinctive tone of a musical sound; timbre 8. vividness, authenticity, or individuality: period colour. 9. semblance or pretext (esp in the phrases take on a different colour, under colour of) 10. (Mining & Quarrying) US a precious mineral particle, esp gold, found in auriferous gravel 11. (General Physics) physics one of three characteristics of quarks, designated red, blue, or green, but having no relationship with the physical sensation vb 12. to give or apply colour to (something) 13. (tr) to give a convincing or plausible appearance to (something, esp to that which is spoken or recounted): to colour an alibi. 14. (tr) to influence or distort (something, esp a report or opinion): anger coloured her judgment. 15. (often foll by: up) to become red in the face, esp when embarrassed or annoyed 16. (Agriculture) (intr) (esp of ripening fruit) to change hue [C13: from Old French colour from Latin color tint, hue] col•or (ˈkʌl ər) n. 1. the quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by it, usu. determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness of the reflected light; saturation or chroma; hue. 2. the natural hue of the skin, esp. of the face; complexion. 3. a ruddy complexion, usu. indicating good health. 4. a blush. 5. vivid or distinctive quality, as of a literary work. 6. details in description, customs, speech, habits, etc., of a place or period: a novel about the Pilgrims with much local color. 7. something that is used for coloring; pigment; dye. 8. background information, as anecdotes or analyses of strategy, given by a sportscaster during a broadcast. 9. colors, a. a colored badge, ribbon, or uniform worn or displayed to signify allegiance, membership, etc. b. viewpoint or attitude; character; personality: to show one's true colors under stress. c. a flag, ensign, etc., particularly the national flag. 10. skin tone other than white as an indicator of racial or ethnic affiliation: Persons of color had been denied their civil rights. 11. outward appearance or aspect; guise or show: a lie that had the color of truth. 12. a pretext: a mean trick under the color of a good deed. 13. Law. an apparent or evident right: holding possession under color of title. 14. tonal shading and timbre in music. 15. a trace or particle of valuable mineral, esp. gold, as shown by washing auriferous gravel. 16. Physics. a theoretical property that distinguishes the various states in which quarks exist. adj. 17. involving, utilizing, yielding, or possessing color: a color TV. v.t. 18. to give or apply color to; tinge; paint; dye. 19. to cause to appear different from the reality: She colored her account. 20. to give a special character or quality to: The author's animosities color his writing. v.i. 21. to take on or change color. 22. to flush; blush. [1250–1300; Middle English col(e)ur < Anglo-French < Latin colōrem, acc.	Free Flashcards about GK 6 Which horse was involved in the 1913 incident that killed Emily Davison? Anmer What is the meaning of "discursive"? digressing from subject to subject What was the German 'Jugendstil' known as in Britain and the USA? Art Nouveau The artists Odilon Redon and Fernand Khnopff were most closely associated with which artistic movement? Symbolism What nationality was artist Fernand Khnopff? Belgian What is the meaning of 'post hoc, ergo propter hoc'? "After which, therefore because of which" In which year did BBC Radio 2, in the guise of the BBC Light Programme, start broadcasting? 1945 What radio programme used the signature tune "At The Sign Of The Swinging Cymbal" by Bryan Fahey? Pick of The Pops Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was which Roman writer's father-in-law? Tacitus Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain, was recalled in disgrace by which Emperor? Domitian Which Iron Age tribe had a capital at Emain Macha in Ulster? Ulaid Who had a 1955 Number 1 with "Softly, Softly"? Ruby Murray Who had UK hits with "Be My Love" and "Because You're Mine"? Mario Lanza Who took "Rose Marie" to No 1 spot in the UK IN 1954? Slim Whitman In 1955 Jimmy Young had a No 1 single with "The Man From..." - where? Laramie Which singer was the indirect cause of 1944's Columbus Day Riot? Frank Sinatra In which year did "Rock Around The Clock" hit No 1 in both the UK and the US? 1955 Both "boogie-woogie" and "rock and roll" supposedly got their names from what? Euphemisms for sex Who coined the term "Rhythm and Blues"? Jerry Wexler Which Cleveland DJ is usually credited with coining the term "rock n roll" to apply to the music of that style? Alan Freed Which band were originally called "The Rambling Yodeller And The Sandmen"? Bill Haley & The Comets Who had a 1950s hit with "Be-Bop-A Lula"? Gene Vincent and The Blue Caps Which chemical elements occupy positions 89-103 on the Periodic Table? Actinides What name is given to a 3D co-ordinate system with three planes, x, y, and Z? Cartesian What are the names given to the three sides of a right-angled triangle? Hypotenuse, Base, Altitude If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is sinθ equal to? a/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is cosθ equal to? b/c If theta represents the angle opposite the altitude in a right angled triangle, a is the altitude, b the base and c is the hypotenuse, what is tanθ equal to? a/b (or sinθ/cosθ) What is the meaning of sin(squared)θ? sinθsinθ An object that has both magnitude and direction in space Which letters are traditionally used for the three base vectors? i, j, k Who had a 1962 Number 1 with "Wonderful Land"? The Shadows Which artistic group was founded in 1911 by Kandinsky and Marc? Der Blaue Reiter Artist Franz Marc was born in wRhich country? Germany Who painted "Luxe, Calme et Volupte"? Matisse Who is generally held to be the originator of the Suprematist art movement? Malevich The artists Boccioni, Carra and Severeni, all Italians, belonged to which movement? Futurism What was the real name of The Big Bopper, who died in a plane crash along with Buddy Holly? JP Richardson What was the stage name of the singer Rosemary Brown? Dana Which country singer got to No. 1 in the UK with "Coward Of The County"? Kenny Rogers Who composed "The Stars And Stripes Forever"? John Phillip Sousa Who composed the waltz "Tales From The Vienna Woods"? Johann Strauss Robert-Francois Damiens attempted to assassinate (and failed, although he did wound) which king? Louis XV of France When was the Seven Years' War? 1756-63 Whose final work was 1804's "Opus Postumum"? Kant The Pregolya River, which features in Euler's 'Seven Bridges'problem, runs through which city? Kaliningrad Who wrote 1848's "The Principles Of Political Economy"? John Stuart Mill What is defined as "the composite of an organism's observable traits"? Phenotype The Japanese word 'hara',	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,564	Endemic to nine islands of an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, what is the largest living tortoise?	Wikiwix » Wikipedia - Galápagos_Islands Galápagos Islands The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón ; other Spanish names: Islas de Colón or Islas Galápagos ) are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean , 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador , of which they are Galapagos Islands The Galapagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón ; Spanish Galápagos , other Spanish names: Islas de Colón or Islas Galápagos ) are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean , 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador Galápagos tortoise The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis nigra ) is the largest living species of tortoise , reaching weights of over 400 kg (880 lb) and lengths of over 1.8 meters (5.9 ft). With life spans in the wild of over 100 years, it is one of the longest-lived vertebrates La Cumbre (Galápagos Islands) disrupt and destroy unique flora and fauna of the area. La Cumbre is the most active volcano of the Galapagos Islands , and is a high occupancy volcano. It is a shield volcano, with a height of 1,476 m (4,842 feet). It has experienced several collapses of the caldera floor, often following Bartolomé Island formations. Bartolomé has a volcanic cone that is easy to climb and provides great views of the other islands . Bartolomé is famous for its Pinnacle Rock, which is the distinctive characteristic of this island, and the most representative landmark of the Galápagos . [ citation needed ] Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos) largest island after Isabela . Its capital is Puerto Ayora , the most populated urban centre in the islands . On Santa Cruz there are some small villages, whose inhabitants work in agriculture and cattle raising. This island is a large dormant volcano. It is estimated that the last eruptions Endemism in birds . [ edit ] Patterns of endemism A single tribe, the Geospizini is endemic to the Galápagos Islands . This section requires expansion . [ edit ] Endemic Bird Areas Birdlife International has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in the Galápagos wikipedia.org \| 2010/9/27 2:34:08 Darwin's finches During the survey voyage of HMS Beagle , Darwin had no idea of the significance of the birds of the Galápagos . He had learned how to preserve bird specimens while at the University of Edinburgh and had been keen on shooting, but he had no expertise in ornithology and by this stage of the Falkland Islands Wolf The Falkland Islands Wolf ( Dusicyon australis ), also known as the Warrah and occasionally as the Falkland Islands Dog , Falkland Islands Fox or Antarctic Wolf , was the only native land mammal of the Falkland Islands . This endemic canid became extinct in 1876 (on West Falkland Isabela Island (Galápagos) One of the youngest islands , Isabela is located on the western edge of the archipelago near the Galápagos hotspot . At approximately 1 million years old, the island was formed by the merger of 6 shield volcanoes - Alcedo, Cerro Azul, Darwin, Ecuador, Sierra Negra and Wolf . All of these 1	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,565	Which British city has suburbs called Normanton, California, and New Zealand?	Detailed Map of Australia - Nations Online Project Map Index ___ Detailed Map of Australia Australia is all in one, a country, a big island, and the smallest continent. With an area of 7,617,930 km² it is slightly smaller than continental USA (without Alaska ), it is the sixth largest country in the world with only about 23.8 million inhabitants (in 2015). Map is showing mainland Australia and neighboring countries with international borders, state boundaries, the national capital Canberra, state capitals, major cities and towns, main roads, railroads and international airports . Australia's general geographical features. There are three distinctive physiographic regions, from east to west are the East Australian Highlands, the Interior Lowland Basins also known as Central Lowlands and the Western Plateau. Two thirds of continental Australia consists of the Western Plateau, 2.7 million km² of arid or semi-arid land, about the size of Argentina , covers large parts of Western Australia, South Australia, and the Northern Territory. Much of the Great Western Plateau is almost uninhabited desert in diverse configurations, the spinifex dominated Great Sandy Desert, the rocky Tanami Desert, the gravel-covered Gibson Desert which has also red sand plains and some isolated salt-water lakes, and Australia's biggest desert, the Great Victoria Desert. East of the Gibson Desert lies Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park with Australia's most famous natural icon Uluru , also known as Ayers Rock. South of the Great Victoria Desert and north of the Great Australian Bight lies the Nullarbor Plain a semi-circular, flat and in large parts treeless arid region, nearly twice the size of Cuba . In the northern part of Western Australia located is Kimberley, a region with steep-sided mountain ranges and a tropical monsoon climate, the region was named after the Kimberley diamond fields in South Africa . You are free to use this map for educational purposes, please refer to the Nations Online Project. Bookmark/share this page One World - Nations Online All Countries of the World East of the Western Plateau lie the Central Lowlands, the country's fertile basins with the Great Artesian Basin (GAB), one of the largest artesian groundwater basins in the world and the Murray-Darling Basin which is Australia's largest river systems. Lake Eyre in the Lake Eyre Basin is the terminal point of the great continental drainage system and the largest lake in Australia (on the rare occasions when it is filled). Even if Australia is the flattest continent, there are the Eastern Highlands, also known as the Great Dividing Range. The Eastern Highlands are a vast mountainous region featuring Australia's "Alps". The mountain range separates the narrow fertile eastern coastal plains from the rest of the continent, the Outback. The Eastern Highlands are running along the entire length of the country's eastern seaboard (length: 3,500 km (2,175 mi)). All major cities Australia's are located in this part of the country. Highest point is Mount Kosciuszko, located in the south eastern corner of the country. With an elevation of 2,228 m (7,310 ft) it is Australia's highest mountain. The world's largest reef system the Great Barrier Reef is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reef is composed of over 2,900 reefs and 900 islets and islands stretching for over 2,600 kilometers (1,600 mi) north-east of the continents eastern seaboard. The Great Barrier Reef covers an area of approximately 344,400 km² (133,000 sq mi). Map of Australia Map shows the location of following Australian cities and towns: Adelaide, Albany, Alice Springs, Alyangula, Andamooka, Ararat, Armidale, Aurukun, AyrIngham, Bairnsdale, Balladonia, Ballarat, Ballina, Balranald, Bamaga, Barcaldine, Barkly Homestead, Barunga, Batchelor, Batemans Bay, Bathurst, Bega, Benalla, Bendigo, Biloela, Birdsville, Blackall, Blackwater, Bordertown, Borroloola, Boulia, Bourke, Bowen, Brewarrina, Brisbane, Broken Hill, Broome, Bunbury, Bundaberg, Burnie, Busselton, Cairns, Canberra, Carnarvon, Ceduna, Central Coast, Charlevill	Wisden - Zimbabwe v New Zealand in Zimbabwe, 2011-12 Zimbabwe v New Zealand in Zimbabwe, 2011-12 At Bulawayo, November 1-5, 2011. New Zealand won by 34 runs. Toss: New Zealand. Test debuts: R. W. Chakabva, N. Ncube, M. N. Waller; D. A. J. Bracewell, D. G. Brownlie. New Zealand team pose with the trophy © AFP Teams: New Zealand \| Zimbabwe Few outside the Zimbabwe dressing-room gave them a chance of victory when, set 366, they began the final day on 61 for two. Even inside it, some were not convinced. "If somebody plays the innings of a lifetime, then who knows?" said Grant Flower, their batting coach. "But our best hope is probably to save the game." As it happened, captain Brendan Taylor did play the Test innings of his life and, for a long time, it seemed possible - even probable - that Zimbabwe would secure one of the most unlikely victories of recent history. That they failed to come away with a draw felt cruel in the circumstances. Taylor made 73 in the morning session with a subtle yet brutal mix of attack and defence, whacking four leg-side sixes - three of them in ten balls off Patel's off-spin - in between periods of clever accumulation. After dominating the opening exchanges, and leading his team to 169 for three at lunch, he allowed Taibu to take charge in the afternoon as Zimbabwe added a further 96. Taylor moved to his second Test hundred - his country's first in the fourth innings of a Test since Kevin Arnott's unbeaten 101 against New Zealand at Bulawayo in 1992-93. At tea, with seven wickets in hand, they needed 101. Moments before the interval, Watling had claimed a catch at deep point from Taylor's sliced drive off Martin (who earlier in the match had become the fourth New Zealander to take 200 Test wickets, when he dismissed Jarvis), but it was ruled not out by third umpire Jeremiah Matibiri. The decision - understandable from television evidence, if not from cricketing logic - created a thunderstorm of friction. Two balls after the break, Taylor carved a Martin long-hop to the same fielder in the same position; this time it was clearly held a foot above the ground. New Zealand celebrated with vengeful anger rather than a belief it was the turning-point. But it proved to be just that. Vettori, who had taken his 350th Test wicket in the first innings in the course of his 20th five-wicket haul, removed the pugnacious Taibu, then watched while debutant seamer Doug Bracewell struck three times in four overs as Zimbabwe descended into confusion about whether they were chasing victory or playing for the draw. However, when Njabulo Ncube - another debutant, and a decent slogger with little defensive ability - was pushed up to No. 8 and slapped Vettori over midwicket for six, the chase was alive again. Amid it all, Vettori refused to allow the thrill of the climax to cloud his ethics. When, with New Zealand still searching for five wickets, he accidentally got in the way of Malcolm Waller, leaving Regis Chakabva stranded as the batsmen attempted a quick single, Vettori sportingly withdrew the run-out appeal. He then returned to trap last man Mpofu and clinch a nail-biting victory with 35 balls to spare. The match never promised such drama while Guptill - who grafted to his second Test hundred - and Ross Taylor, in his first Test in charge (and the first in which both captains shared the same surname), were adding 132 for the third wicket on the opening day. But the Zimbabweans were like hungry terriers, and refused to stop snapping at ankles: New Zealand's eventual 426, which included Test-best figures for Mpofu, was just about manageable. Sibanda played beautifully in reply, while Waller passed fifty on Test debut, as his father Andy had done, also at Bulawayo, against England in 1996-97. But for the guile of Vettori, Zimbabwe would have made more than 313. New Zealand's attempts to set an appropriate target were hampered by Jarvis's first Test five-for and a prolonged spell of defensive left-arm spin from Price but, when they eventually pulled out with 366 to defend in 114 overs, they had just about managed t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,566	In which British city would you find Shrub Hill railway station?	Where we are - Worcester City Council Worcester City Council Tel : 01905 722233 (Monday to Friday 9am - 5pm) We are open The normal opening hours of Worcester's Customer Service Centre are : Day Sunday CLOSED We are also open for telephone enquiries on 01905 722233 on Monday to Friday 9am - 5pm. Travel Information National Rail enquiries telephone: 0345 48 49 50 (Timetables and fares) Foregate Street Station Foregate Street Worcester. Shrub Hill Station Shrub Hill, Worcester. Bus Routes First Midland Red Travel Shop. Foregate Street Railway Station Telephone: 01905 663 888 Birmingham Airport. Join the M42 southbound at Junction 6 then turn onto M5 southbound. Follow until Junction 6 and onto the A4440. Otherwise taxis are available outside the airport. Parking availability St Martins Gate Multi-storey 810 Spaces Travel Connections Situated between Junctions 6 and 7 of the M5, road access from Worcester to the national motorway network is easy. Two railway stations within the city offer an alternative way of travel accessing London Paddington and Birmingham and the NEC network. Birmingham International Airport and the Eurohub are within an hour's ride, with direct flights to the USA and 28 European cities. ROAD Situated on the M5 motorway with two junctions, giving easy access from any part of the city to the rest of the country. Birmingham is 43 kilometres away, Bristol 98 and Cardiff 121, while London is just 193 kilometres. RAIL Worcester is located on the cross-roads of two main lines. There is a regular and frequent service to Birmingham while the Inter-City service links Worcester to London Paddington in just over 2 hours. AIR Birmingham International Airport - the "Eurohub" - is no more than one hour away by train and 35 minutes by car. There are direct flights to the United States and 28 European cities as well as 8 domestic destinations. The airports at Bristol and Cardiff are also within easy reach. Distances from Worcester to key industrial areas (Miles) Birmingham 40	What's So Haute About Ludlow? \| Departures What's So Haute About Ludlow? SHARE: R.W. Apple Jr. finds gastronomic bliss in Shropshire's thriving Michelin kitchens By R.W. Apple Jr. R.W. Apple Jr. on March 30, 2010 "The greatest attraction of Shropshire is that it does not attract too many," the late architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner wrote in his volume on this lovely but out-of-the-way English county, tucked between Wales and the vast urban sprawl that surrounds Birmingham. "It is not a county of crowds." These days, however, Shropshire is starting to attract more, and for a surprising reason: good food. In the last few years a crop of unusually gifted chefs have set up shop in the handsome old market town of Ludlow (pop. 10,000), which now boasts no fewer than three restaurants starred in the Michelin guide. No place in England has more, except London (pop. 7,187,300). How could that be? For all the beauty of its architecture and its setting, for all its rich history, Ludlow lies far off the well-traveled tracks to Wordsworth's Lake District, Shakespeare's Stratford-Upon-Avon and Jane Austen's Bath. It has no direct rail service to London. The nearest motorway is nearly an hour away. For years it was a run-down backwater noted for not much. The revolution began with Shaun Hill, a witty, well-read, curly-haired Irishman who made his name cooking at Gidleigh Park in Devon, one of my favorite British country-house hotels. Looking for someplace that was "less of an endless treadmill," he hit upon Shropshire, drawn at first by memories of a stanza in A.E. Housman's collection of poems, "A Shropshire Lad:" Come you home of Monday When Ludlow market hums And Ludlow chimes are playing 'The conquering hero comes.' There were more prosaic reasons, too, notably the availability of fine raw materials, including prime fruit and vegetables, renowned local lamb and beef, game and grain-fed chickens. Plus pork from increasingly rare breeds of hogs like Tamworth and Gloucester Old Spot raised at nearby Richards Castle. "They're the Thoroughbred horses of the pork world," Hill told me. Ludlow itself was an attraction, with its mixture of elegant Georgian town houses and Jacobean half-timbered buildings (in one of which, a modest old house, Hill and his wife, Anja, installed their restaurant). Unlike many provincial towns whose business districts are shadows of their former selves, full of boarded-up storefronts, Ludlow remains lively, with lots of locally owned shops, among them six butchers and four bakers, spreading out from Ludlow Castle and the parish church. It is all center and no outskirts. Within a few blocks of each other are the Hills' restaurant, called Merchant House; a more formal place named Hibiscus, and a delightful riverside hotel and restaurant, Mr. Underhill's. Merchant House is already one of the dozen best restaurants in the country, and Hibiscus may soon be; Hill expects its French chef, Claude Bosi, to get his second star before long. "Restaurants benefit from the cluster effect," Hill told me. "Ludlow is a phenomenon, and people travel here for the weekend to dine out." Intrigued by these developments, my wife, Betsey, and I recently spent a long, sun-blessed spring weekend in and around Ludlow. Between meals at the three heralded feederies, we did some sightseeing in town and took a couple of rewarding trips into the countryside, visiting pretty rural hamlets, the valley where the industrial revolution was born, the ruins of a Roman town, a church where Robert E. Lee's ancestors worshiped and one of the priories trashed by Henry VIII. We also ate lunch in a couple of nearby restaurants that have won Michelin stars—one a jolly little place in Shrewsbury, the black-and-white county town, and the other an atmospheric pub just across the county line in Herefordshire, the very first pub ever so honored by Michelin. More of all that later. But first, let's get to table. We started at Hibiscus, a sophisticated space full of oak panels and stained glass, which is the product of a love story. The pony-tailed che	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,567	"Complete the title of this James Bond film: ""Diamonds Are ... ""?"	Diamonds Are Forever (1971) - Full Cast & Crew - IMDb Diamonds Are Forever (1971) Create a character page for: Create » Paul Edward Jackson ... 4K film scanning: pristine digital restoration: Lowry Digital Images a DTS company (as Paul E. Jackson) (2006 restoration) a list of 22 titles created 09 Jul 2011 a list of 22 titles created 11 May 2012 a list of 28 titles created 26 Jun 2013 a list of 24 titles created 2 months ago a list of 24 titles created 1 month ago IMDb Everywhere Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!	Sam Smith sings theme song for James Bond film 'Spectre' - CNN.com 1 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers English singer Matt Monro is best known for his hearty rendition of the theme tune for 1963's "From Russia with Love." (The first James Bond movie, "Dr. No," had an instrumental title song.) Hide Caption 2 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Shirley Bassey, perhaps the most iconic Bond theme-song singer, sang the title theme to 1964's Goldfinger." Bassey brought her strong, distinctive voice back to the series in title tunes for 1971's "Diamonds Are Forever" and 1979's "Moonraker." Hide Caption 3 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Welsh singer Tom Jones, best known for hits like "What's New Pussycat" and "She's a Lady," sang the title tune for 1965's "Thunderball." Hide Caption 4 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers These boots were made for walking, but she was made for singing: Nancy Sinatra performed the theme to "You Only Live Twice" in 1967. Hide Caption 5 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Jazz great Louis Armstrong sang "We Have All the Time in the World," the secondary musical theme from the 1969 Bond film "On Her Majesty's Secret Service." The song became a hit in the UK 25 years later when it was featured in a Guinness beer commercial. Hide Caption 6 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Paul and then-wife Linda McCartney and their pop group Wings performed the title number from 1973's "Live and Let Die," the first of the Bond movies to star Roger Moore as Agent 007. The song is still a staple of Paul McCartney's live concerts. Hide Caption 7 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Scottish pop singer Lulu sang the title song for 1974's "The Man with the Golden Gun." Hide Caption 8 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Carly Simon scored a major radio hit with "Nobody Does it Better," the theme from the 1977 Bond film, "The Spy Who Loved Me." Hide Caption 9 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers After the band Blondie recorded another version that was rejected, Scottish pop star Sheena Easton was tapped to sing "For Your Eyes Only" for the 1981 Bond movie of the same name. The song reached No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard charts. Hide Caption Photos: James Bond theme song singers Rita Coolidge sang "All Time High," the theme from 1983's "Octopussy." Hide Caption 11 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers American singer Lani Hall, wife of bandleader Herb Alpert, sang the title song to 1983's "Never Say Never Again," which brought Sean Connery back for his final Bond role. The film was made by a different production company from the other James Bond movies, so some fans don't consider it part of the official series. Hide Caption 12 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Singer Simon Le Bon and British pop group Duran Duran did the title song for 1985's "A View to a Kill." Hide Caption 13 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Norwegian pop band A-Ha recorded the title song for 1987's "The Living Daylights," the first of two films starring Timothy Dalton as Bond. It was the last theme written by longtime Bond composer John Barry. Hide Caption Photos: James Bond theme song singers Soul legend Gladys Knight sang the theme to "License to Kill" in 1989. Hide Caption 15 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers After a six-year hiatus, the Bond series rebooted with 1995's "GoldenEye" and Pierce Brosnan in the lead role. Tina Turner sang the theme song, which was written by U2's Bono and the Edge. Hide Caption Photos: James Bond theme song singers Sheryl Crow performed the title song to 1997's "Tomorrow Never Dies." Hide Caption 17 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Garbage, led by Shirley Manson, did the title track to 1999's "The World is Not Enough." Hide Caption 18 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers Pop icon Madonna finally did her first and only Bond theme song in 2002 for "Die Another Day." Hide Caption 19 of 22 Photos: James Bond theme song singers One of the few men to sing a Bond theme, rocker Chris Cornell performed	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,568	What is produced in a Solera?	The Solera system \| SherryNotes Published on August 28th, 2013 \| by Ruben 10 The Solera system Sherry has a unique and rather complex system of maturation using a large number of casks and fractional blending. This system is called solera and it is used in the production of all types of sherry, dry or sweet. It is also commonly used for Spanish brandy , sherry vinegar , Madeira wines and occasionally other drinks like whisky or beer. While the base idea is always fractional blending, we’ll now focus on how it is applied in sherry. Soleras and criaderas Barrels in a solera are arranged in different groups or tiers, called criaderas or nurseries. Each scale contains wine of the same age. The oldest scale, confusingly called solera as well, holds the wine ready to be bottled. When a fraction of the wine is extracted from the solera (this process is called the saca), it will be replaced with the same amount of wine from the first criadera, i.e. the one that is slightly younger and typically less complex. This, in turn, will be filled up with wine from the second criadera and so on. The last criadera, which holds the youngest wine, is topped up with a new wine named sobretabla. Taking away part of the wine and replacing it with the contents of other scales, is called rociar or to wash down. Solera system A saca (taking out part of the old wine) and rocío (replenishing the casks) will usually take place several times a year, but the actual number may vary and specific figures are rarely disclosed. In Jerez, a Fino solera will be resfreshed two to four times a year. In Sanlúcar de Barrameda, due to the higher activity of the flor, a Manzanilla solera can easily have six to ten sacas a year. By law there is a maximum of 35% that can be taken out, but normally between 10 and 15% of the 500-550 litre capacity of the butts will be taken out and refreshed. A bit less in Manzanilla soleras. Note that it is not common for wine to be drawn off from all the casks of a solera at the same time – this is usually spread out over time. Origins of the solera system The solera system is believed to have originated in Sanlúcar de Barrameda in the second half of the 18th century. Prior to this, all sherries were bottled as añadas or vintages, a concept that was still widely in use until the 20th century. Some of the oldest soleras still in use are now at Osborne (Capuchino laid down in 1790 and Sibarita in 1792), El Maestro Sierra (1830), Valdespino (1842) and Gonzalez Byass (1847). Organisation of a solera Although a solera is usually represented as layers of casks stacked upon each other, with the solera level at the bottom of the pile (hence the name, suelo = floor), this is only the case for smaller soleras, or in bodegas where tours are being held. Usually barrels are stacked in blocks of casks rather than actual rows. We are talking about potentially hundreds of casks here, so sometimes a whole room is filled with just one criadera. Some of the largest soleras are even distributed over different buildings. Apart from the size of some soleras, there are two technical reasons behind this distribution: firstly, stability can be problematic when more than three or four casks are placed on top of each other, and secondly, it is better to place Fino and Manzanilla casks near the floor, where it is cooler, and oxidative types of sherry towards the top. The number of tiers between the solera and the last criadera, varies largely and depends on the style of the wine and the preferences of the bodega. In general, Manzanilla and Fino soleras will have more criaderas than those of Oloroso and other oxidatively aged sherry, and in general older wines will have less criaderas. A typical Fino solera will range between three and seven criaderas. A Manzanilla solera will have at least nine criaderas, up to twenty. Age of a solera It is impossible to give the exact age of a wine that has been aged in a solera, as it is a blend of many vintages. It is only possible to give an approximate, average age of the wine. This is determined by the number of criade	The FunBoxs Biggest Quiz Ever .. \| Page 2 \| Orphelia's FunBox 2 Main forum \| Guild Forums \| Gaia Online Orphelia's FunBox 2 Main forum Posted: Fri Aug 02, 2013 6:36 pm 6501..In fashion correspondent and bar are types of what item? 6502..Artemis is Greek Goddess of what - only one among all Gods? 6503..25% of the adult male population of the UK are what? 6504..Churchill, Iroquois, Owen and Smiths are all what? 6505..A company called Symbol owns patent to what common item? 6506..What can you find on California's Mount Cook? 6507..Fescue, Foxtail, Ruppia and Quitch are types of what? 6508..In the twelve labours of Hercules what did he do third? 6509..In Heraldry what symbol is a lymphad? 6510..What job links Paul Clifford, Claude Duval, Capt. Macheath? 6511..Whose cases were Empty House Copper Beeches Black Peter? 6512..Which King is known as The Suicide King? 6513..In Costa Rica and El Salvador you spend what? 6514..In the Christmas song your true love gave you give eight what? 6515..Name the Capital of the Ukraine? 6516..What was the name of the dog in Peter Pan? 6517..UK football Derby County home the Baseball Ground nickname? 6518..Every 12 seconds in USA someone does what in a Holiday Inn? 6519..Who rode a horse called Lamri? 6520..Which stringed instrument is blown to produce sound? 6521..Bear, Bird, Goat, Eagle, Swan and Rabbit what links in Ireland? 6522..Hera in Greece Juno in Rome Goddesses of what? 6523..In Japan what is an obi? 6524..Honi soit qui mal y pence is the motto of what organisation? 6525..What is unusual about The lake of Monteith in Scotland? 6526..Which tree is sacred to Apollo (Daphne changed into one)? 6527..Who wrote The Dong with the Luminous Nose and The Jumblies? 6528..What are Blur Crow, Brimstone, Owl and Ringlet types of? 6529..The liquor Curacao is flavoured with what? 6530..In French legend who is the lover of Abelard? 6531..If a male a** is a Jackass what is a female called? 6532..What are Luster, Moreen, Mungo and Nankeen types of? 6533..In George Orwell's Animal Farm what type of animal was Muriel? 6534..In London what links Lambeth, St James and Westminster? 6535..What does an icthyophage do? 6536..Oswestry founded in 1407 is Britain's oldest what? 6537..In mythology who married the beautiful maid Galatea? 6538..In Bradshaws you would find information about what? 6539..The Romans called it Mamcunium what is this English city? 6540..Shakespeare wrote Cruel only to be kind in what play? 6541..Traditional 7 Seas N S Atlantic N S Pacific Arctic Antarctic?? 6542..Launfal, Pelleas and Tristram were part of what group? 6543..Who wrote the humorous books on One Upmanship? 6544..Greek Roman Apollo Babylonian Marduk Indian Vishnu gods?? 6545..Which English King rode a horse called White Surrey? 6546..Billycock, Wideawake, Gibus and Mitre all types of what? 6547..Quilp (A Dwarf) is a character in which Dickens novel? 6548..What word can be added to Fae, Fen, Bil, Goose to make fruit? 6549..Caracul, Dorset, Urial, Mufflon and Jacobs are types of what? 6550..What are Strength, Chariot and Hermit? 6551..Belly, Block, Blout, Nut, Rib and waist are all parts of what? 6552..Mauna Loa, Paricutin, Surtsey and Susya are all what? 6553..Which countries leader was an extra in Hollywood? 6554..BOZ was the penname if which writer? 6555..What bird is sometimes called the Yaffle? 6556..What organisation is known as the Society of Friends? 6557..Balein, Boops, Fin, Grampus and Pothead are types of what? 6558..The Ten Commandments what was number four? 6559..Who wrote the play Androcles and the Lion? 6560..What country was ruled by the Schleswig-Holstein dynasty? 6561..In France what take place at Auteuil, Saint-Cloud and Chantilly? 6562..A Tiercel is the correct name for a male what? 6563..An algophile loves what? 6564..Who is the Roman Goddess of invention and wisdom? 6565..What would you do with a celesta? 6566..What would you do if someone gave you a Twank? 6567..What is the subject of the reference book Janes? 6568..Which spice comes in hands? 6569..What would you expect to see at Santa Pod? 6570..What doe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,569	What is the largest island in the Mediterranean?	What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea? \| Reference.com What is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea? A: Quick Answer The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea is Sicily, which is located off the southern tip of the boot-shaped Italian cape. The island encompasses a total area of approximately 9,920 square miles. Full Answer The Mediterranean Sea is the world's largest inland body of water and is bordered by three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe. Covering an area of around 965,000 square miles, the sea is interspersed with numerous islands, including several island nations. Sicily is an autonomous administrative region of Italy. The island overlooks the Tyrrhenian Sea, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea. Due to its geographical location, the Mediterranean has long been established as the crossroads between African and European cultures. Aside from Sicily, other major islands in the Mediterranean Sea include Sardinia, Crete, Corsica, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta.	History of the Balearic islands Telegraph.co.uk Chris Hadfield: 'From space, the Bahamas is the most beautiful place on Earth& [ ... ] Balearic Islands History Balearic Islands are just a number of islands existing together located in the eastern part of Spain. These islands are located about fifty one miles away from main land of spain. On matters regarding size, these islands are quite big with a land mass area of about five thousand square kilometres. The islands mainly comprise of four main islands and other small islands. All these combined form the autonomous region that is referred to as Spain. One of the main islands that constitute this particular Islands of Balearic is Mallorca. This is the largest and the main island that make up the Balearic Islands.Mallorcais about three thousand six hundred square kilometres in size. Among other islands that constitute this island are: Ibiza, Menorca as well as Formentera. The BalearicIslands are a wonderful place to go on holiday to. These islands enjoy a marvellous Mediterranean climate that incorporates hot summers as well as cool sea breezes. There are a lot of people who visit these islands annually just to get to enjoy the spectacular views and wonderful climate that these islands offer. There are very many places that you can go visiting on these islands. Some of the places that you would not want to miss include the Menorca beaches and the colourful and very lively discos in Ibiza. Actually, there is something for everyone on these islands. It suits all the age groups as well as all the social classes of people. These islands have a great history that one would love to take a keen interest in. These islands have a history that date back many centuries ago. The islands are located strategically between inside the sea of Mediteramian between Europe and Africa. This was a point where many ancient navigators passed through as they endeavoured to explore other new lands. It was because of this reason that the Balearic Islands became also a target of invasion and conquest. It is believed that the first man on these islands arrived around 4000 BC. Artefacts have been found on caves that date back to these years. It is also believed that from the type of tools and equipment uncovered that the early man on these islands were hunters and shepherds. In Menorca which is the biggest island of Balearic Islands, the early settlers were among.beaker group of people. These are the same early men that are believed to have first settled in Western Europe. These people acquired their name from an ancient tradition where they used to bury the dead with pottery beakers. After these early people, then came the Phoenicians. These are believed to arrive back in the years dating to 1000 BC. The Phoenicians developed settlements and lived a more civilised life than that of the people who preceded them. In fact the settlement that they established in north of Mallorcawas named ‘Sanisera’. This settlement served a very big role in become part of the Mediterranean route. It became a resting point for the sea travellers as well as a place to trade and replenish their food stocks as well as other stocks that they may require as they travel. After a few years; came in a group of people clled Greeks. They moved all over the place but avoided settling in the islands because of the hostile nature from the local residents. The Island’s name is believed to have originated from the Greek ‘ballein’ which means ‘to throw with a sling’, while sling-shot was selected as the protective weapon used by the native islanders. Later in the years, there came the Carthaginians. This people established fortified settlements in the island of Ibiza. The people are thought to have actually arrived around the seventh century Before Christ. These people had a great culture and many of there tools and weapons have been found. They were more organised and lived in very well organised social clans. The romans then came and invaded and took control of Ibiza and Menorcain 146 BC and 123 BC respectively. They renamed most of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,570	What do ‘scandent’ plants do?	Scandent - definition of scandent by The Free Dictionary Scandent - definition of scandent by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scandent Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia . scan·dent adj. Botany Climbing: a scandent vine. [Latin scandēns, scandent-, present participle of scandere, to climb; see skand- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] scandent (Botany) (of plants) having a climbing habit [C17: from Latin scandere to climb] scan•dent [1675–85; < Latin scandent-, s. of scandēns, present participle of scandere to climb; see -ent ] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Adj. 1. scandent - used especially of plants; having a tendency to climb; "plants of a creeping or scandent nature" ascending - moving or going or growing upward; "the ascending plane"; "the ascending staircase"; "the ascending stems of chickweed" Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: First record of Pellaea ovata (Pteridaceae) from Brazil Carragher eventually became CEO of Cambridge Integrated Services, a third-party administrator that Aon subsequently spun off to Scandent Technologies. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.	Watch TV Online \| Sky Go Sexcetera Magazine show featuring undercover stories about the world of sex and providing a provocative look at human sexuality, from the erotic to the downright bizarre. Adult scenes. Gigolos Nick records his debut country track, while Bradley and Brace prepare for their dates. Plus, Vin's brother comes to town. This programme contains strong sexual content. (S6, ep 6) Gigolos Brace gets nervous when the new lady in his life has jewels on her mind; Nick's date becomes a liability. This programme contains strong sexual content and strong language. (S6, ep 7) Police Ten 7 Follow the crime-busting activities of New Zealand's police in this exhilarating fly-on-the-wall documentary. (S15, ep 5) Police Ten 7 Follow the crime-busting activities of New Zealand's police in this exhilarating fly-on-the-wall documentary. (S15, ep 6) Most Haunted The Old Hall Hotel Cheshire: Entertainment series following Yvette Fielding and a team of paranormal experts as they spend 24 hours in Britain and Ireland's most haunted locations. Most Haunted The Chough Hotel Somerset: Entertainment series following Yvette Fielding and a team of paranormal experts as they spend 24 hours in Britain and Ireland's most haunted locations. Sing Date The innovative dating show proves that music truly is the food of love. Single ladies and lads woo each other with their charismatic choruses. (S1, ep 17) Sing Date Forget speed-dating and blind dates, this series uses the power of love to create perfect harmony. Singletons duet via the internet before meeting on stage. (S1, ep 19) Police Force Australia Documentary series joining police forces across Australia as they deal with everything from dramatic siege situations and major drug busts to murder investigations. (S2, ep 13) Road Wars The Thames Valley Police provide a fascinating insight into car crime and its prevention. Plus, shocking video footage captures dangerous drivers in action. Strong language. (S3, ep 2) Motorway Patrol Documentary series from New Zealand following the madness and mayhem faced by intrepid officers as they pull over motorists for a variety of suspected offences. (S7, ep 6) Motorway Patrol Documentary series from New Zealand following the madness and mayhem faced by intrepid officers as they pull over motorists for a variety of suspected offences. (S7, ep 7) Jerry Springer My Dad Is Marrying My BFF: Outrageous talk show hosted by the legendary Jerry Springer. Four Weddings Four brides do battle for a luxury honeymoon, including control freak Julia who ties the knot twice in Slovenia while Stacie's wedding in Stoke features a four-foot Freddie Mercury. (2/13) Four Weddings Two brides pit their very different weddings against two grooms' civil partnerships. Which of the four will come out on top and win a luxury honeymoon? (3/13) Nothing To Declare Fly-on-the-wall documentary series following the men and women who defend Australia from drug runners, illegal immigrants and terrorists. (S3, ep 1) Nothing To Declare Fly-on-the-wall documentary series following the men and women who defend Australia from drug runners, illegal immigrants and terrorists. (S3, ep 2) America's Next Top Model Friendships reach breaking point in Bali. The models clash during a photo shoot showcasing fashion designed by a child prodigy and a stay at an elephant safari park. (S20, ep 13) The Biggest Loser Australia The inspirational weight-loss competition is Down Under to help a selection of overweight individuals turn their lives in a healthier direction and win an amazing cash prize. Four Weddings Four brides do battle for a luxury honeymoon, including control freak Julia who ties the knot twice in Slovenia while Stacie's wedding in Stoke features a four-foot Freddie Mercury. (2/13) Obese: A Year To Save My Life USA Participants embark on emotional journeys to transform their lives. Trainer Chris helps Ryan, who lost his arm three years ago in a car accident. (S3, ep 5) America's Next Top Model The final five contestants take to the air for a bat-inspired photo shoot at a Balinese temp	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,571	Which crop in particular is damaged by the Boll Weevil?	Boll Weevil \| New Georgia Encyclopedia Last edited by NGE Staff on 10/12/2016 The boll Boll Weevil weevil greatly affected Georgia's long history of cotton production between 1915, when the insect was introduced to Georgia, and the early 1990s, when it was eliminated as an economic pest. Yield losses associated with the boll weevil reduced cotton acreage from a historical high of 5.2 million acres during 1914 to 2.6 million acres in 1923. Although insecticides provided temporary relief, the cotton industry remained unprofitable, and planted acreage continued to decline, to a low of 115,000 acres in 1983. The boll weevil's decimation of the cotton industry in the South had implications for the entire region. The pest was a driving force behind the "great migration" of poor tenant farmers into northern cities, and the state's dependence on cash-crop production left its soil depleted and prone to erosion . In 1987 Georgia growers began participating in a program to eradicate the boll weevil. Over a period of years the program proved successful, and Georgia producers have increased cotton acreage and yields significantly while reducing their dependence on insecticides. The adult boll weevil measures from three to eight millimeters from the tip of the snout to the abdomen, which is half the length of its body. Its color is usually reddish or grayish brown but may vary according to age and size. A distinctive characteristic is the double-toothed spur on the inner surface of each front leg. A newly hatched larva is inconspicuous, and the mature larva is white, legless, and about thirteen millimeters long. Larvae complete development in cotton fruiting structures. The primary damage to cotton occurs when female boll weevils deposit eggs in fruiting structures (e.g., flower buds, squares, seed pods, or bolls) on developing cotton plants. Upon hatching, the boll weevil larvae or grubs feed in the square, causing it to be shed by the plant or rendering the bolls unsuitable for harvest. Boll Weevil Before eradication the boll weevil was the chief pest of cotton in Georgia as well as in other areas of the cotton belt. Indeed, the boll weevil was such an economic pest that it engendered an unprecedented amount of research and pesticide application. In 1972 it was estimated that one-third of all pesticides in the United States was applied to cotton for boll weevil prevention. Intensive use of broad-spectrum insecticides for boll-weevil control, such as calcium arsenate and DDT, often caused outbreaks of other insect pests because these insecticides cause the destruction of natural enemies that suppress various pest species in cotton, such as parasites and predatory insects. Fields that used broad-spectrum insecticides often had a loss in yield similar to that in fields that did not use broad-spectrum insecticides. The term "pesticide treadmill" was coined in the early 1970s to describe this cycle as it relates to the boll weevil: pesticides were developed and overapplied, the population of natural predators that were not targeted by the pesticide increased, and then new pesticides were developed and overapplied. This cycle both harmed the environment and did little to reduce crop loss. Additional hurdles to the boll weevil's eradication included the boll weevil's reproductive resilience. Studies found that even if 90 percent of a boll weevil population was treated in a given area, then the remaining population could still reproduce and reinfest the surrounding area after only four generations, which takes less time than a typical growing season. Several Boll Weevil Trap biological factors made it possible to eliminate the boll weevil. The ability to mass-produce boll weevil pheromones in 1972 and the development of advanced boll weevil traps were integral parts of boll weevil eradication. These traps were useful because they allowed farmers to limit the number of boll weevils on their land and because they allowed farmers to detect small populations of boll weevils before they ballooned into a large infestation Cultural practices f	Weed of the Week: Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica \| Pitchcare Magazine Weed of the Week: Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica Weed of the Week: Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) By Laurence Gale What is a weed? By definition a weed is a plant that is growing in the wrong place. Weeds take valuable space, water, sunlight and nutrients that may otherwise be accessible to important crops, in our case turf grasses. Weeds not only compete for these resources they can disfigure and cause problems to playing surfaces. Weeds are very good competitors and take advantage of any opportunities to colonise turf situations, particularly when the sward is under stress and weak, leaving bare soil areas for weeds to populate. Weeds have many mechanisms and characteristics that enable them to do this, having thick waxy cuticle leaves that can be resistant to some chemicals, fast reproduction methods, the ability to reseed in 6 week cycles and deep tap roots enabling the weed to survive in compacted dry ground conditions. Weeds have one of three life cycles: annual; biennial or perennial. Annual weeds: Live for a single season. These weeds germinate from seed in the spring or summer, flower and then die. Biennial weeds: Live for two seasons. During the first growing season, these weeds remain in a vegetative stage and, in the following year, produce flowers, set seed and die. Perennial weeds: Live for multiple seasons and flower more than once. Perennial structures (rhizomes, stolons, crowns, entire plants or roots) survive from year to year. Some weeds may be harmful to the environment or noxious to your regional ecology. For example Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia Japonica) is fast becoming a major weed problem on road side verges and urban landscape areas, a very difficult weed to eradicate. It is very important to recognise weeds and seek effective controls methods to eradicate them from our facilities. Weeds can also be used as an indicator of soil conditions. For example, knotweed and plantains both indicate soil compaction because they can maintain adequate root respiration at lower oxygen diffusion levels than other plants. Different weeds tolerate different soil conditions, some are alkaline loving and others acid loving. Getting to understand and recognise the physiology of these plants will help you become better turfgrass managers. This week's weed is: Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica Fallopia japonica, commonly known as Japanese Knotweed, is also known by the scientific names Polygonum cuspidatum and Reynoutria japonica. This rhizomatous perennial invades habitats primarily through vegetative reproduction, though the plants are known to produce abundant displays of tiny white flowers followed by seed. There are many different approaches to controlling Knotweed, but they all fit into three basic categories; mechanical, chemical and biological - and any permutation of the three. Scientific name perennial Form / Appearance Japanese Knotweed is a prolific weed that grows in dense clumps up to 3m in height, on tubular stems that ascend from the base of the plant. The plant dies back each year, leaving the stems to form a protective framework over the newly forming emerging shoots that begin to grow in the following spring. Roots The roots are woody and have been recorded to depths of 1-5 m or more. The plant forms rhizomes 0.5-5cm in diameter that spread up to 7m laterally each year. The ability of this plant to reproduce itself by rhizomes is the reason this weed so invasive. Flowers Knotweed forms panicles of white flowers up to 10cm long. The plant flowers from August to October before dying back to leave brittle hollow stems that stand throughout the winter. Leaves Leaves are 6-12 cm x 5-10 cm in size, broadly ovate and truncate at the base. Reproductive method This plant can reproduce itself by seed and by rhizomes. It's vigorous powers of vegetative reproduction mean that it has been able to spread to all parts of the British Isles without the aid of sexual reproduction. Habitat This plant can tolerate most soil condi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,572	What was the name of the British submarine which collided with a Swedish oil tanker in the Thames estuary in 1950, killing over 60 people?	British Submarine HMS Truculent Contact British Submarine HMS Truculent "Of all the branches of men in the Forces, there is none which shows more devotion and faces grimmer perils than the submariner. Great deeds are done in the air and on the land; nevertheless, nothing surpasses your exploits." Winston Churchill. "Only in attack does a submarine reveal herself, before creeping away to the concealment of the deep" T Class "On the evening of 12th January 1950 HMS Truculent was proceeding on the surface from the submarine exercise area to Sheerness on completion of Dockyard trials, for which a party of Chatham dockyard officers and men were also on board. The SS Divina, with a Trinity House pilot on board, was on passage from the Port of London to Ipswich and at the time of the collision, shortly after 7pm, was in the vicinity of the West Oaze Buoy, a narrow part of the Thames estuary. for some time before the impact each vessel had the lights of the other in sight....". The subsequent Board of Enquiry report states that: (The submarine) entered the Thames Estuary through Princes Channel, thence passing between Red Sand Sheal and Shivering Sand Fort on course 280 degrees Her speed was about 9 knots through the water. In Oaze Deep, course was altered to 261 degrees. The collision occurred with SS Divina in position one mile bearing 287 degrees from Red Sand Tower. This section of info came from: George Malcolmson Archivist submuseum Haslar Extract from Weekend magazine, November 1983 MY MIRACLE ESCAPE FROM DOOMED SUBMARINE By Frederick Henley DSM Memorial Plaque (Image: Dave Henley - son of survivor) Fred Henley Model of HMS Truculent Picking a delicate way through the dark waters of the Thames Estuary at a steady 10 knots, our submarine, HMS Truculent, was almost in sight of home. With any luck, some of us might even have a few hours ashore that night. But, although we didnï¿½t know it, Truculentï¿½s luck was running out fast. We had left Sheerness at 8.30 am on January 12, 1950, for engine and snorkel trials. We had cruised around underwater off Margate and Ramsgate, coming to the surface in late afternoon. It had been an uneventful day. With 18 civilians aboard ï¿½ fitters, electricians and son on from the naval dockyard ï¿½ we mustered 79 men. Few would survive the horror that was to come. I was a Leading Seaman (Torpedoes, Anti-submarine) at the time, and the Royal Navy was my life. After two or three years on subs, I thought I knew the ropes. But when the order came from the bridge to bring up the Manual of Seamanship, I was a bit surprised. I had never known anybody to want that particular textbook ï¿½ a pretty hefty volume ï¿½ before. Certainly not our captain, Lieutenant Charles Bowers, a highly experienced submarine officer who had been mentioned in dispatches during the Second World War. Altogether, it was a strange order but, after rummaging through the chart cabinet, I found a copy of the manual and managed to obey it. It was just before 1900 hours on the Control Room clock when I left to climb the conning tower ladder to the bridge. I handed the manual to young Sub-Lieutenant Frew ï¿½ it was his first submarine posting ï¿½ and watched as he leafed through the pages, opened it, and handed it to the navigation officer. Lieutenant Humphrey-Baker and the Captain. It was a cold, dark night, the sky pricked with brightly shining stars. I didnï¿½t see the tanker ploughing inexorably towards us. I took a last, grateful gulp of fresh air and turned to go down the ladder from the conning tower. I had hardly grasped the rungs when I heard the Captain issue a stream of urgent orders. He didnï¿½t raise his voice but	History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571) History of USS NAUTILUS (SSN 571) Current OIC Biography Construction of NAUTILUS was made possible by the successful development of a nuclear propulsion plant by a group of scientists and engineers at the Naval Reactors Branch of the Atomic Energy Commission, under the leadership of Captain Hyman G. Rickover, USN. In July of 1951, Congress authorized construction of the world's first nuclear powered submarine. On December 12th of that year, the Navy Department announced that she would be the sixth ship of the fleet to bear the name NAUTILUS. Her keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman at the Electric Boat Shipyard in Groton, Connecticut on June 14, 1952. After nearly 18 months of construction, NAUTILUS was launched on January 21, 1954 with First Lady Mamie Eisenhower breaking the traditional bottle of champagne across NAUTILUS' bow as she slid down the ways into the Thames River. Eight months later, on September 30, 1954, NAUTILUS became the first commissioned nuclear powered ship in the United States Navy. On the morning of January 17, 1955, at 11 am EST, NAUTILUS' first Commanding Officer, Commander Eugene P. Wilkinson, ordered all lines cast off and signaled the memorable and historic message, "Underway On Nuclear Power." Over the next several years, NAUTILUS shattered all submerged speed and distance records. On July 23, 1958, NAUTILUS departed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii under top secret orders to conduct "Operation Sunshine", the first crossing of the North Pole by a ship. At 11:15 pm on August 3, 1958, NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, announced to his crew, "For the world, our country, and the Navy - the North Pole." With 116 men aboard, NAUTILUS had accomplished the "impossible", reaching the geographic North Pole - 90 degrees North. In May 1959, NAUTILUS entered Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine for her first complete overhaul - the first of any nuclear powered ship - and the replacement of her second fuel core. Upon completion of her overhaul in August 1960, NAUTILUS departed for a period of refresher training, then deployed to the Mediterranean Sea to become the first nuclear powered submarine assigned to the U.S. Sixth Fleet. Over the next six years, NAUTILUS participated in several fleet exercises while steaming over 200,000 miles. In the spring of 1966, she again entered the record books when she logged her 300,000th mile underway. During the following 12 years, NAUTILUS was involved in a variety of developmental testing programs while continuing to serve alongside many of the more modern nuclear powered submarines she had preceded. In the spring of 1979, NAUTILUS set out from Groton, Connecticut on her final voyage. She reached Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California on May 26, 1979 - her last day underway. She was decommissioned on March 3, 1980 after a career spanning 25 years and over half a million miles steamed. In recognition of her pioneering role in the practical use of nuclear power, NAUTILUS was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior on May 20, 1982. Following an extensive historic ship conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, NAUTILUS was towed to Groton, Connecticut arriving on July 6, 1985. On April 11, 1986, eighty-six years to the day after the birth of the Submarine Force, Historic Ship NAUTILUS, joined by the Submarine Force Museum, opened to the public as the first and finest exhibit of its kind in the world, providing an exciting, visible link between yesterday's Submarine Force and the Submarine Force of tomorrow.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,573	The 24th Amendment to the US constitution makes what illegal?	Full Text of the 24th Amendment to the US Constitution American History Expert By Martin Kelly The 24th Amendment to the US Constitution was passed by Congress on January 23, 1964 to make poll taxes illegal for federal elections. Poll taxes are taxes that some states began charging during Reconstruction as a way to African Americans from voting. In 1966, the Supreme Court extended the protection against poll taxes to include state elections, citing the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment . Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2.	Twentieth Amendment - U.S. Constitution - FindLaw Twentieth Amendment - U.S. Constitution Amendment Text \| Annotations Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article. Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission. 20th Amendment Annotations Purpose of the Amendment The Senate Committee on the Judiciary in its report suggested several reasons for the proposed Twentieth Amendment. It said in part: ''[W]hen our Constitution was adopted there was some reason for such a long intervention of time between the election and the actual commencement of work by the new Congress. . . . Under present conditions [of communication and transportation] the result of elections is known all over the country within a few hours after the polls close, and the Capital City is within a few days' travel of the remotest portions of the country. . . . ''Another effect of the amendment would be to abolish the so- called short session of Congress. . . . Every other year, under our Constitution, the terms of Members of the House and one-third of the Members of the Senate expire on the 4th day of March. . . . Experience has shown that this brings about a very undesirable legislative condition. It is a physical impossibility during such a short session for Congress to give attention to much general legislation for the reason that it requires practically all of the time to dispose of the regular appropriation bills. . . . The result is a congested condition that brings about either no legislation or illy considered legislation. . . . ''If it should happen that in the general election in November in presidential years no candidate for President had received a majority of all the electoral votes, the election of a President would then be thrown into the House of Representatives and the memberships of the House of Representatives called upon to elect a President would be the old Congress and not the new one just elected by the people. It might easily happen that the Members of the House of Representative, upon whom devolved the solemn duty of electing a Chief Magistrate for 4 years, had themselves been repudiated at the election that had just occurred, and the country would be confronted with the fact that a repudiated Hous	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,508,574	In which Asian city is Orchard Rd. the main shopping street?	Orchard travel guide - Wikitravel 10 Contact Ion Orchard Orchard Road is the main shopping street of Singapore . North of the Singapore River , to the west of the Central Business District, Orchard Road turns into Bras Basah Road as it heads east. Understand[ edit ] Orchard Road is named after the nutmeg orchards that used to line it in the 1830s, one of them coincidentally belonging to a Mr Orchard Road. Large trees still shade the road, providing a modicum of relief from the heat. Fortunately, Orchard Road has an extensive network of underpasses that connect many of the malls providing even more shelter from the blistering equatorial heat and, on occasion, rain. Weekends in the area are often packed with locals and visitors alike out to consume en masse. Only at the eastern Bras Basah end do the shopping malls peter out, with some fine colonial architecture and a few of Singapore's top museums to be found instead. The Christmas decorations along Orchard are mildly famous and entirely over the top, with reindeers cavorting through palm trees and gingerbread houses topped with fake snow. Get in[ edit ] The MRT stations of Orchard, Somerset, Dhoby Ghaut and City Hall on the North-South Line follow the alignment of Orchard Rd. Change to the North-East Line at Dhoby Ghaut or the East-West Line at City Hall. Get around[ edit ] Map of Bras Basah and eastern Orchard Orchard Rd is walkable, at least allowing plenty of breaks in air-conditioned shopping centers. You can no longer cross the central Orchard/Scotts intersection on foot: instead, take the air-conditioned underground walkway system that links Orchard MRT/Ion Orchard to Wisma Atria, Ngee Ann City and Lucky Plaza (east), to CK Tang/Marriott (north), and to Shaw House and Wheelock Place (west). See[ edit ][ add listing ] Three of Singapore's top museums are in Bras Basah, within striking distance of Dhoby Ghaut and Bras Basah MRT stations. Battle Box, Fort Canning Park. 10 AM-6 PM Tue-Sun. The former HQ of the British army during World War 2, now turned into an air-conditioned museum complete with animatronic figures retelling the events of the days before surrender. Nearest MRT station Dhoby Ghaut, but it's a steamy hike up the hill. $8. edit Istana, (next to Dhoby Ghaut MRT), [1] . 8:30 AM-6 PM. Completed in 1869, this Malay-Indian hybrid building was once the Government House of the colony of Singapore, before being repurposed on independence as the official residence of the President. The 100-acre grounds occupy some of Singapore's choicest real estate and incorporate several gardens and even a 9-hole golf course. There is a Change of guard ceremony every first Sunday of the month. The Istana is open to the public on only five days a year: Chinese New Year, Deepavali, Hari Raya Puasa, Labour Day and National Day. Non-Singaporeans $1. edit National Museum of Singapore, 93 Stamford Road, ☎ +65-63323659, [2] . Tue-Sun 10 AM-9PM. Formerly Singapore History Museum, recently refurbished from top to bottom with a new wing added. The star of the show is the permanent Singapore History Gallery, a 2800 sq.m. multimedia extravaganza covering six centuries of island history, navigated with a super-flexible, if occasionally somewhat confusing, interactive audio guide system that lets you choose the events and items to focus on. There are also four Living Galleries focusing on food, fashion, film and photography, plus various temporary exhibitions and a few nice cafes and restaurants. Permanent exhibition $10/5 adult/child. edit Singapore Art Museum, 71 Bras Basah Road (MRT Bras Basah), ☎ +65-63323222, [3] . 10 AM-7 PM daily. Modern art from both Singapore and the region. The permanent collection is lackluster, but exhibitions can be interesting. Guided tours in English at 11 AM, 2 PM. $3, free Friday evenings 6-9 PM. edit There are few tourist attractions as such on Orchard Road itself, the thing to do here is shop, shop and shop! However, there are a few galleries of interest for photographers. 2902 Gallery, 11 Mount Sophia, Block B, #B2-09 (Staircase up the hil	Olympic Council of Asia : Games \| Games \| Asian Winter Games \| Sapporo 2017 Sapporo 2017 The Asian Winter Games will return to Japan for the eighth edition in 2017. The first two Asian Winter Games were held in Sapporo in 1986 and 1990, and the third edition at Aomori in 2003. Sapporo is the picturesque capital of Hokkaido – the most northerly of Japan’s four main islands – and hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1972. The city of Obihiro will share the hosting duties with Sapporo in 2017 by staging the speed skating events. Organisers plan to hold the 8th AWG 2017 for February 2017, and present five sports: biathlon, curling, ice hockey, skating (figure skating, short track and speed skating) and skiing (alpine, cross country, freestyle, ski jumping and snowboard). 8th Asian Winter Games Sapporo 2017 Opening Ceremony	trivia_qa.jsonl

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